BELCHER`S BAY LINK

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BELCHER'S BAY LINK
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT
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VOLUME 11' - WATER QUALlrY & AIR QUALITY
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BELCHERS BAY RECLAMATION
WATER QUALITY AND AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Page ·2-
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CONTENTS LIST
.E
1.0
INTRODUCTION
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2.0
LEGISLATIVE CONTROLS
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3.0
EXISTING SITUATION
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3.2 Existing Water Flow Patterns
3.3 Existing Air Quality
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4.0
PROPOSALS
5.0
CONSTRUCTION EFFECTS
5.1 Water Quality .
5.2 Water Quality Monitoring
5,3 Air Quality
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OPERATIONAL EFFECTS*
6~1 Water Quality
6.2 Air Quality
7.0
CONCLUSIONS
Appendix I
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Comments and Responses
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1.0
INI&QQUCTIQN
This report eon.sist$l of an a,5sessme'nt of the. environmenta.l impacts
cl!.used by the proposed Beleher's Say recls.mation. The impac'ts covered
by this report are limited to water and air quality_
The report considers the existing situAtion, provides.& brief
description of the proposals ~~d then considers the effects of the
proposals
Mitigs.tien measures that need to be included in the
oontract eondition8 are described.
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A watet que.lity monitoring progrc!.!Ilme and methodology th!.t: 'should be'
implemented ,by the Contraetot is allo included.
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2.0
LEGISLATIVE QONTROLS
2.1
V~ter QUil1t~
The Environmental Protection DepArtment havQ design.tfld ten ~.;.t6r
The recle.mation work5 are located within the
Victotia Harbour Zone.
Quality Control Zone,s.
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The Victoria Hzrbour Zone is dUQ to be gazetted in 1993 and so At th~
present time there I!.te no form~l Water Quality Object1~es that c~n be
applied. However. it can be assumed that water quality within the
harbour should be sufficient to maintain the beneficial
uses
identified for the harbour. Thase are:
)
a:
o a habitat for marine 11fe gen£rally
o domestic and industrial supply
o navigAtion and shipping
o ... ~sthetic
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It may further b.! assumed that the water quality obj ectives eventually
set for the Victoria Harb~ur Zones will be aimila.r to those ohj ac.tives
that have been set for the naarby southern 'waters ,which have b6Qn
formalised by ga2etting.
These objectives are shown
in Table 1.
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The Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines provide ambient air
quality objectivas. These objectives form part of the Air Pollution,
Control Ordnance which 1s designed to B~feguard the health and well
b.tng of the community. The Air Qua11~ Objecti~e5, shown in Table
2 Are to be reached throughout Hong Ko~g.
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TABLE 1
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WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES
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Sub-Zone
Not to be present
tJhole zone
Visible foam, oil
grease, scum, litter
Not to be present
\.-'Thole zone
E. coli
Not to exceed 1000/10Oml
in more than 60% samples
Secondary contact
Recreation Subzone
D.O. within 2m of
bottom
Not less than 2 mg/l for
90% samples
Whole zone
. Depth Average 0.0.
Not less than 4 mg/1 for
90% samples
Whole zone except
fish culture zone
Not less than 5 mg/l for
90% samples
Fish culture zone
pH
To be in the range 6.5-8.5
change due to waste
discharge not to exceed
0.2
Whole zone except
bathing beaches
Salinity
Change due to waste discharge
not to exceed 10% of
natural ambient level
\..'Thole zone
Temperature change
Change due' to waste discharge
not to exceed 2°
tJhole zone
Suspended solids
Waste discharge not to raise
the natural ambient level by
30% nor accumulation of
suspended solids
Whole zone
Toxicants producing
significant toxic
effects
Not to be present
Whole zone
Ammonia
Annual mean not to exceed
0.021 mg/l calculated as
unionised form
Whole zone
Nutrients
Quality shall not cause
excessive algal growth
Whole zone
Parameters
Offensive odour,
tints and colours
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Objective
W'ater Quality
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Annual mean depth average
inorganic nitrogen not to
exceed 0.1 mg/l
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TABLI 2 ; HONG lONG AIR QUAlITY QBJECTIVE(
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Concantratlona in m1crogram.
per cubic metre (1)
Av.raging Time
pollutant
lhr
(11)
8hrl
(i11)
24hr.
(i11)
3m.ths
(tv)
lyr
(i.,,)
Health
effec~a
of
pollutant &t alevated
a.mb1tnt levell1
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Sulphur
Dioxide
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Total
suspended
particula tetf
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Carbon
Monoxide
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Photochemical
oxidants (as
ozone (vi)
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Respiratory illness;
reduced lung function;
morbidity and mor~ality
rates increase at higher
levelQ.
.
260
80
Respirable fraction has
effect5 on health.
55
R&8piratory 1l1nes8j
reduced lung function;
oancer risk for certain
particles: morbidity and
mortality rates increase
at h1gh~r levels,
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180
300
Dioxi a
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80
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Respirable
(v) liu.ipend&d
pArt1culates
Nitr.o~en
350
150
80
Respiratory irritation;
increased suacept1bili~y
to respiratory intention:
lung development impair·
went.
Impairment of coordination
deleterious to pretnant
women and' those wit htsart
and circulatory conditions
30 OOO 10.000
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Eya irritation; oough;
240
reduced athletic performance; possible chromo~ome
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Lead
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AffectQ cell and body
proc2sses: likely neuro-
psychologioal effects,
lAr&iOUlarly in children
1kely effecta on rates '
of inoidents of heart
attacks. strokes and
hypertension.
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MeAsured at 298 CK (25°0) and 101.325 kPa (one atmosphere)
Not to be exceaded more thAn three times per year
Not to be exceade~ more than once per year
Arithmeti~ mean.
Respirable s~QP8nded particulate. mean. suspended particulates in
in air with a nominal aerDdynamic ~1&meter of 10 micrometrea and
smaller
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Photochemical ox1d&nta Are determinQd by meaBure~ of Ozone only_
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EXISTING SITUATION
3.1
Existing
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~ater
Quality
There are several monitoring stations at which EPD obtain samples of
water to assess marine water quality and which provide data relevant
to the present project.
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Of particular interest to this project are water quality parameters of
transparency and light penetration that are affected by suspended
particles such as clay, silt, finely divided organic and inorganic
matter.
The transparency and light penetration of waters of Hong
are to a large extent,
Kong, in particular the western waters
influenced by the Pearl River, which discharges a substantial quantity
of suspended solids.
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waters and Victoria Harbour (appropriate sampling areas for
the present study) generally have ~ower transparency than the eastern
and southern waters.
Typical annual': rfisuli::s·.... {or:" Secchi' 'Disk
disappearance vary between 0.5m and 1.9. In Victoria Harbour the low
transparency of waters has been accredited to waste discharge from
sewage outfalls and urban stormwater runoff.
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Victoria Harbour serves as a main channel for navigation and forms the
central harbour and main port of Hong Kong. Water movement wi thin the
harbour area, especially the central area ensures that effective tidal
exchange is experienced.
The most recent report on Marine ~Tater Quality in Hong Kong was
published by EPD in September 1990. Two sites may be considered to
provide data relevant to the Belcher's Bay area.
Summary data for
these two monitoring sites is shown in Table 3.
Generally, the water quality at the Western end of Victoria Harbour is
\ \ acceptab~ with mean annual surface dissolveo oxygen saturation ~
75-100%, BOD 0-1 mg/l and maximum EColi levels in the l04.105/100 ml
bracket:
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Monitoring data show that although generally acceptable. variations do
occur and vigilance in preventing pollution is necessary to prevent
deteriorating water gu a l;ty.
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As with most areas of Hong Kong, sewerage and surface drainage systems
exist in the Belcher's Bay area. However, expedient connections allow
surface drainage to become contaminated with foul drainage and this
subsequently flows into harbour waters.
The waters immediately
offshore in the study area are contaminated in this way to some
extent.
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TABLE 3
SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR 1989 WATER QUALITY
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Determinand
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Harbour East
& Central
Harbour West
22.6
(15.l-28.3)
22.7
(15.3·28.4)
Bottom
22.1
(15.2-28.1)
22.5
(15.3-28.2)
Surface
31.0 '
(22.8-33.2)
30.6
(19.1-33.1)
Bottom
31.7
(23.6-33.7)
31.3
(25.9-33.3)
Surface
66.0
(33.2-143.7)
74.4
(38.6-139.0)
56.8
(12.0 .. 97.1)
68.8
(26.3-98.6)
Turbidity (NTU)
5.9
(1.5-21.8)
8.8_
(2.5-37.0)
S S (mg/I)
5.2
(1.2-19.5)
8.6
(2.0-30.0)
1.1
0.9
(0.1-3.2)
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960
(0-11.133)
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The lighterage traffic that currently utilises the sea wall
facilities at Belcher's Bay will also give rise to Harbour Water
contamination.
This will occur due both to cargo spillage and
domestic wastes discharged from the boats which often provide
residential accommodation for the operators.
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3.2
Existing Yater Flov Patterns
Flow patterns and velocities within the harbour waters are available
from both physical and computer modelling, (WAHMO studies and from
measurements taken in situ),
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In general. flow patterns are influenced by the discharge of the
Pearl River and the coastal configuration of the islands that make up
Hong Kong.
Patterns in the vicinity of Belcher' s Bay are
influenced by the main channels which flow through Victoria Harbour.
Sulphur Channel and then generally North/South through the waters of
the Western Buffer and Southern zones.
Figures 1 and 2 show the current vectors for the whole of the Hong Hng
area.
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The tidal range varies according to the stage of the spring/neap cycle
and has a maximum range of about 2.Sm on spring tides and lm on neap
tides.
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Tidal flow is observed at various points in the waters of Hong Kong,
the most relevant to the present study are shown in Figure 3.
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Currents observed at Station 5 vary from 0.4 m/s to zero during spring
tide conditions and from 0.2 m/s to zero on neap tides. Currents
closer to the sea wall (Cl, El) are variable with maximum values of
0.1 m/s and 0.25 m/s respectively for neap tides and 0.2 m/s and 0.6
m/s on spring tides. Figure 4 gives plots of the current variations
over periods of 24 hours .
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Closer in to shore. water movements will vary according to more local
conditions including vessel activity. In general terms the Shek Tong
Tsui finger pier is expected to provide a shielding effect which will
tend to negate natural current flows. However, vessel activity will
provide some degree of mixing which will help to prevent stagnant
water bodies forming wi thin the inner confines' of the pier.
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3.3
Existing Air Quality
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The existing atmospheric envirorunent of the area under study is
influenced at the present time by congested vehicle flow. The
buildings of the area comprise godowns, residential and industrial
premises. The industrial buildings are a mixture of small industries
with no dominant emissions thus although there may be local air
quality problems caused by industrial operations the most significant
air quality feature of the area is the traffic.
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The current vectors in the F'earl River estuary durfng ebb tide
(From Water Quality and Hydraulic Model studies)
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FIGURE 1
SOURCE
EPD
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(From Water Quality and Hydraulic Model studies)
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TIDAL FLOW MONITORING STATIONS
FIGURE -3
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CURRENT VELOCITY
SPRING TIDE
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FIGURE 4
D/91193
CONTD.
BELCHER BAY .. SPRING TIDE
CURRENT VELOCITY
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At the most westerly extent of the study area is the Green Island
Cement fa.cility which is a source of particulates and cause of
complaints.
The dust emissions arise as a result of handling and
mixing operations and spills that occur during these operations. Dusty
material is tracked onto roads in the vicinity by the cement lorries
and provides sources of material that will subsequently be dispersed
as dust by turbulent vehicle wake.
Routine air qual i ty monitoring, undertaken by EPD shows tha t the
annual average sulphur dioxide level is well below the air quality
obj ective in the vicini ty of the Belcher' s Bay link.
Resul ts for
total and respirable particulates exceed the AQO however, probably as
a result of construction and combustion sources.
Nitrogen dioxide
levels and lead levels are also within the air quality objectives.
These results were gained from a monitoring station exhibiting worse
dispersion characteristics than at the location of the link road which
will benefit from the effects of the well ventilated harbour area.
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Traffic emissions from vehicles utilising the Kennedy Town Praya route
are subject to good dispersion as the road is open to the harbour, but
traffic emissions from Belcher's Street and the side streets will not
be so well diluted. 'The tall buildings enclosing the streets will
further i~pede dilution. Predictions done in other studies show that
air quality objectives may, from time to time, be exceeded or
approached and that generally, although air quality may be considered
ac~eptable it is not gond.
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Average monitoring results for S02 are approximately 20 pg/m 3 , for N0 2
approximately 70 pg/m 3 , fo~ ozone approximately 25 pg/m 3 , for total
particulates about 100 ~g/rn3, respirable particulates about 70 pg/m 3 ,
and for lead apprOXimately 0.1 pg/rn3 •
4.0
r 1
THE PROPOSED RECLAMATION
LJ
The Belcher's Bay link proposals are basically to provide an area of
reclaimed land that extends into Belcher's Bay from the Kennedy Town
Praya for a distance of some l65m.
This new area will be used to
provide land for the alignment of a road that links Connaught Road
West/Sai Ying Pun with Kennedy Town New Praya. The reclamation thus
provides a temporary link which will be realigned to form Route 7 once
the GIR is complete. The area for reclamation is approximately 10
hectares and also provides the first step in Green Island reclamation
proposals.
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A preliminary report presented in December 1989 described the initial
proposals but the extent.$. the .recl~ation was reduced to reduce
costs; a report discussing the cost saving options was submitted in
March 1991 and this report forms the basis for the extent of the
present study.
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The reclamation will proceed by three stages ;····as --il-lus.trated in Figure
5. Phas~ 1 will be formed as a pier' with a'sea wall
450rn separated
from the Shek Tong Tsui cargo handling basin by approximately l20m.
Phase 2 will complete the easterly extent of the sea wall
(approximately 280m) and join the eastern end of the pier formed in
Phase 1 to the existing shoreline. Phase 3 will fill in between Phase
I and the existing sea wall of Kennedy Town Praya and New Praya.
of
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The reclamation will proceed following complete removal of marine mudfrom the area. The new land will be forrnecllar.&-ery;.ith sand fill, but
p~ng in certain aregs which are~t critical for sea wall or
road foundations will be possible.
,.:;1
The reclaimed area will thus contain a public cargo working area and
the new carriageway linking Sai Ying Pun to Kennedy Town, and it is
these developments that the present study covers. The area of land to
the south of the new carriageway will b; a5~~ed tq b~ ~a~:~: l1ntil
land use options proRosed for Green Is' a;\d R ;(.1;;matioIL;re d;;;lope9..t
The current assumption is that Green Island Reclamation would not be
in place until 7 to 10 years after the completion of the Belcher's Bay
Link. The eventual Route 7 alignment will be to the north of the
Belcher's Bay Link road presently proposed.
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L4289/1
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OWN UNK PENCB
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The 50m wide ycwa allows for internal traffic, loading and 'unloading
parking. crane operation zones and goods deposit areas.
Generally
therefore the northern edge of the road will be exposed to the open
harbour whereas for most of its length, the southern edge will have
approximately 90m "buffer" before sensitive receiver locations are
reached. At the study area west and east boundaries, however, the
proposed road is in close proximity to residential buildings. As the
subject matters of the present study will influence the air quality of
the 90m buffer to the south of the roadway it is important that this
feature is further studied as other proposals are developed.
As the road alignment has been dictated by cost considerations and the
need to proceed with a reduced reclamation area, it has not been
possible to introduce extensive buffers to control exposure to vehicle
emitted pollutants .
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5.0
~12-
EFFECTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Any consideration of effects caused by the Belcher's Bay reclamation
project must also take into account the fact that other reclamation
projects in the immediate vicinity and overall plans for the
development of Hong Kong will also have an impact on the water and air
quality of the area presently under study.
The Green Island Reclamation study, for example has identified
extensive reclamation limits which will eventually alter the seaward
extent of the Belcher's Bay proposals. Once the Green Island
reclamation has proceeded the'Belcher1s Bay reclamation will not have
any identifiable. specific impact as the effects of Belcher's Bay and
Green Island will combine.
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It is thus important that an overview is undertaken that considers the
combined effects of development proposals. This overview is outside
the scope of the present study.
It is nevertheless, considered, an
important step in the assessment of Hong Kong's environmental quality
and it is recommended that Government should undertake' 'or' commission
such a study.
5.1
Water Quality
5.1.1
General
The effects of
determined by:
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the
construction
process
on water
quality
are
reclamation construction methods
reclamation construction timetable and phasing
reclamation construction materials
sea wall limit.
The construction method that is proposed will be to dredge sea muds
from the reclamation area; provide a sea wall and then fill the area
enclosed by the new sea wall and the existing sea wall with marine
sourced fill. It is probable that S!-~dr..e_dge.1:s_.w.ill~e_u~j3d_fQr.-l:he
~cavation o(jmarin~u~ and sand f~ Although suction dredgers are
preferable in terms of ability for enhanced pollution control and have
the additional benefit of speed of operation it is unlikely that their
use could be justified for this operation on economic grounds.
The reclamation construction timetable is shown in Table 4. Due to
the relatively small areal extent of the proposed reclamation the
timetable extends for a period of thirty months from February 1992 to
July 1994.
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Page -13-
TABLE 4
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Reclamation Construction Timetable
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Phase I
Phase 11
Phase III
Excavation of Huds
Filling with Sand
2
4
5
2/92 ------ 7/92
4/93 ------ 9/93
3/94 ------ 7/94
1992
1993
1994
7/92
5/93
7/94
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The construction materials will be land sourced rock for the
construction of the sea wall and marine sand for the majority of the
reclamation area. Public dumping of construction rubble is an option
for Phase III of the reclamation, such material would be limited in
the extent of its use and would be surrounded.by sandfil1. The new sea
wall will be approximately ,930m in length and will be approximately
165m from" the present' sea"'w"a11'"a"c "1 ts' . furthest' extent",
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Dredging of Marine Huds and Marine Sand
The dredging operation has the potential to release sediment particles
into the water column where they may disperse and increase the
sediment load and turbidity level of waters in the vicinity of the
operation. Depending on the degree of contamination of material to be
moved, this operation may also have the potential to decrease the
level of dissolved oxygen of the water colwnn in the area and to
release possible organic or inorganic contamination (e.g. PCB's or
heavy metals) thus raising the availability of these toxic materials
in the vicinity of operations.
Information on the degree of contamination of "the muds to be removed
or the sand to be used as' fill does not yet exist. It is recommended
that sampling be undertaken prior to the commencement of marine works
and the results used in designing the level of control to be exercised
in the control of water quality,
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The particle size distributions of the materials is known, however,
and graphs giving the information are shown in Figures 6 and 7. The
grading envelope for material to be removed from the reclamation area
shows that the size of the material is such that most of it would be
susceptible to suspension and hence dispersion by the water column if
it were released.
Dredging activity may lose as much as 3% of the dredged material from
the bucket. Based on the schedule of material to be excavated this
could result in approximately 36300 m3 of material loss throughout the
construction period, broken down as follows 22500 rn 3 between February
and June 1992; 9300 m3 between April and May 1993 and 4500 m3 between
May and July 1994.
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D/91193
FIGURE 6
PARTICLE SIZE OF
DREDGED MUDS
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L 4289/1
GRADING ENVELOPE FOR PROPOSED FILL
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D/91 193
FIGURE 7
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PARTICLE SIZE FOR
PROPOSED FILL
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This activity could give rise to suspended solid loads of up to 3 mg/m 3
during the period of activity over a distance of some 4km which would
be the approximate distance travelled by harbour water during the
course of 24 hours.
Assuming 'a much more limited dispersal range
restricted to within Belcher's Bay waters confined by the Shek Tong
Tsui finger pier. loads could increase to approximately 12 mg/m3 • When
added to the average suspended solid load of Victoria Harbour waters
the resultant load remains well within the natural range of the
Harbour which is 2.0 to 30 mg/l. These predictions make assumptions
that result in over-estimation of the likely potential adverse affect.
Notwithstanding these .over-estimates it is unlikely that dredged mud
losses will result in unacceptable conditions. It will be necessary,
however, to 0 erate a monitoring programme (see Section 5
to ensure
th~y deterioration 1n water sua ~y ~s detected_and acted up~n.
Cooling water intakes may be affected by an increase in suspended
sediments. The' contractor should be aware of the locations of all such
intakes in the vicinity and take steps to prevent large increases in
suspended sediment load in their locality.
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Similar calculations have been carried out for sand dredging and
placement and acceptable conditions are maintained (less than 4 mg/m3
~dditional suspended solid load) during each of the reclamation phases
and ae the fill source. When the background. mud excavation and sand
placement loads are added together the total load remains well within
the natural range.
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Potential BOD and COD loads generated during mud removal can be
estimated from a marine mud COD of 34500 mg/kg and a BOD:COD ratio of
0.5.
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During Phase I operations, the potential BOO and COD loads are 6 and
3 tonnes/day; Phase 11 9 and 5 tonnes/day and for Phase III 3 and 2
tonnesiday.
These loads may have a significant affect on the
dissolved oxygen content of nearby waters and water quality results
will need to be carefully assessed to prevent unacceptable
deterioration in water quality from occurring.
Phase 11 has the
greatest potential load and experience gained during Phase I
operations should be used to modify operations as necessary to prevent
adverse quality effects. The load will be spread between the
excavation and disposal operations and the relative proportion during
each will depend on the degree of disturbance to the sediments. The
mud disposal area is thus likely to be subj ected to most of the
potential load.
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5.1.3
Public Dumping
It is possible that public dumping may provide a source of fill during
Phase III of the construction of' the reclamation.
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This material may contain a variety of substances which if dumped into
the reclamation could give rise to unacceptable water quality. Such
material will need to be prevented from causing such problems. This
will need to be achieved by careful inspection of material loads to
prevent loads from those sources that are found to contain a high
percentage of unsui table material being dumped and by measures to
control the spread of unsuitable materials if they are dumped.
Unsuitable materials include putrescible waste which could give rise
to ground instability problems if deposited in sufficient quantities.
A more likely problem, however, would be material that could float and
disperse away from the dump site to other locations in the Harbour.
Floating booms and good site management/supervision will minimise the
impact, for although there is no point of exit from the public dumping
area into the main harbour waters, refuse that could become windblown
will need control.
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5.1.4
Construction Site Runoff
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If any temporary fuel or oil stores are installed on-site to supply
construction vehicles, these will be placed on an impervious surface
and bunded to prevent spills polluting the ground or harbour waters.
Facilities for clean-up (absorbant materials vacuum pumps) will be
available as necessary.
5.1.5
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Existing Sea
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Runoff from the site following rainfall events has the potential to
contain high solids load. Site drainage may need to be managed to
prevent such runoff from entering harbour waters.
Small runoff
holding tanks could be used as part of the construction site drainage
management scheme to allow settlement of solids to take place before
runoff enters the harbour l i t is unlikely that runoff from the
reclamation will pose a problem. It is planned that the reclamation
areas will be paved as soon.as practical after their construction and
this in itself will reduce the' pot"ential for runo{Cwi th-"h1.gh sediment
loads being dispersed.
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Drainage
There are a number of sea wall discharge points from surface water
drains that drain into the area of proposed reclamation. The presence
of foul discharges in such drainage systems cannot be ruled out which
together with requirements to maintain access to the pcwa of the
existing sea wall pose difficult conditions for the maintenance of
good environmental quality during those phases of reclamation which
restrict water movement. Whilst vessels are uti1ising the sea front
access their movements will help to some extent in providing water
exchange.
Once reclamation has proceeded suffiCiently it will be
possible to construct temporary pipe arches to carry polluted flows
away from the reclamation area. These temporary structures will be
replaced with reinforced concrete drainage to take these polluted
flows away from the reclamation as the progress of the current project
allows. The construction of the temporary arches and pipe connections
should be given a high priority in the reclamation schedule and should
be built as soon as is possible. The timing is such that Phase I does
introduce the potential problem of confined waters but given the
project parameters it is not possible to circumvent this situation.
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It will be necessary to make all reasonable efforts to prevent
additional contaminants entering these waters and it may be necessary
to ~raw up a code of 2racttse for~ of the confined pcwa to be
followed durin
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constructed.
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5.1.6
Vater Flow Patterns
The new sea wall position will effect the existing water flow pattern
of the area. However, the extent of the effect is limited because the
reclamation is also of limited extent. The existing finger pier of
Shek Tong Tsiu is a feature which will significantly affect existing
flow patterns acting as a restriction to flow following the length of
Victoria Harbour sea wall. This finger pier remains as a feature of
the proposed reclamation and the restriction to flow will also remain.
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It has not been possible to utilise the WAHMO prediction model or
physical model to investigate the effects of the Belcher' s Bay
reclamation proposals in isolation to other reclamation proj ects
proposed for the a.rea. . .
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However, predictions that have been run indicate that the Belcher's
Bay proposal should not affect the flow patterns adversely. The much
more extensive Green Island reclamation, although possibly resulting
in low flow rates and exchange within the confined port areas does not
.adversely affect the main flow regime within the harbour waters. This
will be the case with the Belcher's Bay reclamation which is
relatively small in extent and does not significantly a1 ter the
existing situation.
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Vater Quality Monitoring
To ensure that water quality of the area is not detrimentally affected
the reclamation work, it will be necessary to undertake a programme
of water quality monitoring. In the event of deterioration in water
quality being detected by the monitoring programme a plan comprising
of all necessary steps to enSllte tbat it is not the reclamation
activities that are contributing to the deterioration will put into
action.
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5.2.1
General Requirement
The contractor shall carry out the works in such a manner as to
minimise adverse impacts on the environment during execution of the
works. In particular he shall arrange his method of working to
minimise the effects on the water quality within the site, adjacent to
the site, on the transport routes and at the loading, dredging and
dumping areas.
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The overall objective is to m~n~mlse adverse impacts resulting from
the reclamation operations on 'the water quality within Hong Kong
waters. To achieve this obj ective the methods of working to be
employed should be designed to:
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minimise disturbance to the seabed while dredging;
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minimise loss of material during transport of fill or dredged
material;
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prevent discharge of fill or dredged material except at approved
locations;
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prevent the unacceptable reduction, due to the works, of the
dissolved oxygen content of the water adjacent to the works; and
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prevent excess suspended solids from being generated.
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minimise leakage of dredged material during lifting;
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All construction plant shall be designed' and maintained to
minimise the risk of silt and other contaminants being released
into the water column or deposited in other than designated
locations.
a)
mechanical grabs shall be designed and maintained to avoid
spillage and shall seal tightly while being lifted (closed
grabs shall be used);
b)
cutterheads of suction dredgers if used, shall be suitable
for the material being excavated and shall minimise
overbreak and sedimentation around the cutter;
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where trailing suction hopper dredgers are in use for
dredging of marine mud, overflow from the dredger, and the
operation of lean mixture overboard systems, shall not be
permitted:
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Pollution avoidance measures to be included (but not limited
to)
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Before marine works corrunt;nce, all marine plant to be utilised on site
will be inspected to ensure that it: conforms with the following
guidelines that are designed to avoid or minimise pollution.
e)
all vessels shall be sized such that adequate clearance is
maintained between vessels and the seabed at all states of
the tide to ensure that undue turbidity is not generated by
turbulence from vessel movement or propellor wash;
all pipe leakages are to be repaired promptly and plant is
not to be operated with leaking pipes;
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the works shall cause no visible foam, oil, grease. scum,
litter or other objectionable matter to be present on the
water within the site (or dumping grounds);
g)
all barges and hopper dredgers shall be fitted with tight
fitting seals to their bottom openings to prevent leakage
of material;
h)
excess material shall be cleaned from the decks and exposed
fittings of barges and hopper dredgers before the vessel is
moved; and
i)
loading of barges and hoppers shall be controlled to
prevent splashing of dredged material to the surrounding
water and barges or hoppers shall not be filled to a level
which will cause overflowing of material or polluted water
during loading or transportation.
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The engineer may monitor any or all vessels transporting
material to ensure that no dumping takes place' outside the
approved location. (Dumping outside approved locations is an
offence under the Dumping at Sea Act 1974 (Overseas
Territories) Order 1975}.
The Contractor shall provide all
reasonable assistance to the Engineer for this purpose.
iv)
The Contractor shall ensure that all marine mud and unsuitable
material is disposed of at the approved location. He will be
required to ensure accurate positioning of vessels before
discharge and will be required to submit and agree proposals
with the Engineer for accurate positional control at disposal
sites before commencing dredging.
v)
The Engineer may moni tor, any or all vessels transporting
material to ensure that loss of material does not take place.
during transportation. The Contractor is to provide all
reasonable assistance to the Engineer for this purpose.
vi)
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5.2.2
monitoring programme will be implemented that will be
designed to identify any changes in water quali ty that may
arise as a result of the reclamation operations.
Vater Oualitv Monitoring Parameters and Equipment
The most important monitoring parameter is turbidity. This parameter
gives a direct indication of the degree of disturbance and hence the
potential for contaminant release. Turbidity shall be measured onsite
at the locations specified in Figure 8 in accordance with the schedule
given in Table 5 or otherwise agreed.
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Dissolved oxygen will also be monitored together with temperature and
dissolved oxygen saturation in situ according to the schedule in Table
5.
Suspended solids shall be determined by laboratory analysis of
water samples collected in situ according to the schedule .
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Turbidity Measurement Instrument
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Turbidity within the water shall be measured in situ by the
nephelometric method.
The instrument shall be a portable
wea ther proof turbidity-measuring instrument comp lete wi th
cable, sensor and comprehensive operation manuals.
The
equipment shall be operable from a DC power source supplied by
the Contractor it shall have a photoelectric sensor capable of
me·asuring turbidity between 0-100 NW and be complete wit:h at
least 2sm of cable. (Partech Turbidime~er Model 7000 3RP Mark
2 or similar approved instrument).
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Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Measurement Equipment
Dissolved oxygen and temperature of the water shall be measured
in 's i tu.
The, iirs tt:umertt: '~shall' be a 'portable wea therproof
dissolved oxygen measuring' instrument complete with cable
sensor, comprehensive operation manuals and be operable from a
DC power source supplied by the Contractor.
It shall be
capable of measuring:
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a dissolved oxygen level in the range of 0-20 rng/l and
0-200% saturation; and
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ii) a temperature of 0-4SoC.
It shall have a membrane electrode with automatic temperature
cornpension,
complete with a cable of not less than 2Sm in
length. Sufficient stocks of spare electrodes and cables shall
be maintained for replacement as necessary.
(YSI' model 58
meter YSI 5739 probe, YSI 579SA submersible stirrer with reel
and cable or similar approved instrument).
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Suspended Solids
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Water samples shall be collected for the determination of
suspended solids.
A 12 volt DC powered peristal tic pump
equipped with Tygon tubing of at least 2sm shall be used to
collect samples. Samples should be collected into high density
polyethylene bottles packed in ice (cooled to 5°C without
being frozen), and delivered to the laboratory for analysis as
soon as possible after 'collection.
Upon arrival to the
laboratory, samples should be well mixed and then immediately
fil tered (with a vacuum of less than 381nun of Hg) through
preweighed Millipore matched pair filters (for <Smg/l) or
Yhatman GF/C filters (for >smg/l) .
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Particulates collected on the filter papers should be stored at
SoC and be dried at 103°C to constant weight within 48 hours.
A balance providing accuracy to 0.01 mg shall be provided.
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A laboratory standard certified mercury thermometer with an
accuracy of O.soC Celsius for calibration of the temperature
gauge in b).
Water depth detector
A portable battery op~rated echo sounder shall be used for the
determination of water depth at each Designated Monitoring
Station.
All monitoring instruments shall be checked, calibrated and
certified by an approved, accredited laboratory before use on
the Works and subsequently recalibrated at 3 month intervals
throughout all stages of the water quality monitoring.
Responses of sensors and electrodes should be checked with
certified standard solutions before each use. The turbidity
'meter shall be calibrated to establish the relationship between
turbidity readings (in NTU) and levels of suspended solids (in
mg/l) .
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Monitoring Methodology
The contractor shall provide approved qualified technicians, capable
of operating the monitoring equipment, together with a suitable work
boat for carrying out the monitoring.
The monitoring schedule for sampling is shown in Table 5 and the
locations for sampling in Figure B.
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The sample locations have been chosen with regard to the size of the
proposed reclamation work and are all in quite close proximity to the
reclamation site.
It is anticipated that with good site practice
elevated suspended solid loads will not be detecta.ble beyond the
immediate study area. Cooling water intakes at power stations should
not be affected. nor should the closest fish culture zones. Careful
assessment of monitoring results will ensure that any elevation is
detected and steps taken to minimise the extent.
Depending on the location of any other monitoring in the area these
locations may be subj ect to modification but once selected the
monitoring stations should be maintained throughout the construction
period.
Two further monitoring locations may be required, one at the dumping
grounds for mud disposal and at the source grounds for marine sourced
sand fill. These monitoring sites, depending on the level of other
unrelated, reclamation activity, could be jointly monitored with other
contractors or EPD as appropriate. The location of these monitoring
sites will be dependant on the final detail and are to be advised.
TABLE 5
MONITORING SCHEDULE
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Examine 'baseline' variability at all monitoring sites shown in Figure
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8.
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Prior to Commencement of Marine
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2 lots of 5 consecutive days sampling on mid flood and mid ebb
at three water depths: surface minus lm; bottom plus lm and
mid water depth for:
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turbidity
dissolved oxygen concentration
dissolved oxygen saturation
temperature
water
samples
laboratory
for
determination.
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suspended
solids
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During the Course of the Works
monitoring on two working days a week (sampling to be separated
by period of at least 36 hours) at each of the deSignated
sampling locations shown in Figure 8. Sampling on mid flood
and mid ebb at three water depths; surface minus lm; bottom
plus Im and mid water depth.
Two measurements are to be
recorded for each sample location- and depth set and
determinands shall be:
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C)
turbidity
dissolved oxygen concentration
dissolved oxygen saturation
temperature
water samples for laboratory suspended solid determination.
After Completion of the Works
Upon completion of all marine works on site, the Contractor
shall take samples and measurements in the same locations as
specified for a further period of two weeks measurements shall
be made daily on mid-flood and mid-ebb tides.
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CREMER" WARNER
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JTrTU.;, WATER QUALITY
MONITORING LOCATIONS
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OM_JIG. L4289
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WATER QUALITY
MONITORING LOCATION ( DETAILS)
PROJECT: BELCHER'S BAY
APPROY£D
SCALE
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FIGURE SA
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Reporting of Monitoring Data and Actions
The results of all Water Quality Monitoring shall be provided by the
Contractor to the Engineer, in an agreed format, no later than 24
hours after the sampling, except for the results for the suspended
solids which shall be reported no later than 48 hours after sampling.
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A monthly summary report including any measures taken to minimise the
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Should the monitoring results of turbidity, DO or DOS at any
monitoring station indicate that, in the opinion of the Engineer, a
significant deterioration in water quality, monitoring shall be
repeated daily at each monitoring station until such time as
considered appropriate by the Engineer.
In the meantime, the
Contractor shall impl~men~ improvem~n~s._ ~.(> __ his_.., working ,I1!ethods in
order to reduce water quality impacts.: '-... ,
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effect on water quality shall also be pr9vided by the Contractor.
This monthly' summary report should be forwarded to the EPD for
infQUDatio.J) and dissemination to other interested parties. In a
similar way monitoring results from other reclamation projects should
be made available to the Engineer.
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Should the situation persist and, in the opinion of the Engineer, the
Contractor has not take appropriate and reasonable means to improve
the situation, the Engineer may ins'truct the Contractor to take
immediate and effective measures to curtail excessive sediment release
and dispersal. No claim for extension of time and/or any additional
costs incurred by the Contractor by reason of such measures imposed by
the Engineer shall be entertained. Such measures may be relaxed when,
in the opinion of the Engineer, the water quality within the Site and
around the monitoring stations ~as improved.
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5.3
Air Quality
Reclamation and construction activities have been identified in Hong
Dust emiss ions can be
Kong as maj or sources of fugitive dust.
generated by two basic physical phenomena - the entrainment of dust
particles by the action of turbulent air currents and the
pulverisation and abrasion of surface materials by the application of
mechanical force.
In order to estimate the impact of fugitive dust, emission factors,
developed in the United States, can be used to predict the quantities
of dust that might be generated by a variety of activi ties.
In
conjunction with the size characteristics of the dust and
meteorological data it is possible to predict the dispersion of dust
and its potential atmospheric concentration and deposition rate. This
will give an indication of the need for and extent of dust control
measures during the work programme.
5.3.1
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The reclamation material will,. for the most part, be marine sand, and
as such, will not produce a potential dust source. Above 2.5 mPD, CDG
will be used. Once the surface is able to dry out and is formed by
earth moving equipment however, this new land surface will become a
dust source.
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It is assumed that once Phase I is in place ,(July 1992) I the main
potential for fugitive dust commences. There will however be some
dust generated when the construction site office/storage compounds are
established.
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Experience shows that the most significant fugiti~""e' dust"' source is
likely to be vehicle travel on unpaved roads. Dust from this source
is generated according to the following equation:
E
where
K( 1 • 7) ( y_ ) (J_) (_~_ ). 0 •. 7 (~_) O. 5
12 48 ,2.7
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kg/Vehicle km
(dry day emission)
1
k varies according to particle size
s - silt content of parent material %
S - vehicle speed km/h
W = vehicle weight tonnes
w - number of wheels.
If it is assumed that only vehicles associated with land formation are
allowed access to the new land area then the dust load for dry days
that could be generated is 3.5 kg per vehicle kilometre travelled.
This overall potential load might result in a wor·st case in a 3 worst
case uncontrolled downwind concentration of some 18 J.lg/m3 per vehicle
kilometre travelled. Some 8 J.lg of this load would be particulates in
the respirable fraction. These calculations are based on the closest
downwind receptor receiving dust from a narrow source width (i.e. wind
blowing from the North East across the reclamation toward Kennedy Town
new Praya).
-:cif
Dust will also be produced from the reclamation area due to wind
activity across unprotected dry surfaces. For a worst case day (winds
in excess of 5.4 m/s and no natural dust suppression) dust generation
could amount to 45 kgjd from each of the three areas of reclamation
resulting in a downwind concentration of about 60 pgjm3 •
Taken together with the existing background level of atmospheric
particulate concentration (approximately 100 pg/m3) I this analysis
shows that it will be necessary to control the work operations to
minimise dust potential and to maintain the AQO.
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Tha analysis shows that there is benefit to be derived by controlling
dust emissions from the new lan~ a~rfaoe.
This would be particularly importAnt oncQ the surface had dried o~t
Qnd during the mcntha October to March when th~re is a natural
rainfall v eVAporation deficit. En,ur1ng tha.t ·the surface does not
completely dry out will prevent th~ majority of fugit1vo emissiolU
from this Q.ource. . This can be aehievQd by water. sprays alone but a
more 5table 5urface can be Qch1eved by proprietary additives. Once
such a BurfACQ cOAting is applied site m~nagemQnt should ensure that
the area rQmains undisturb~d. Any di~turbance thQt does occur will
require th8 reapplication of th~ ~ealing ~oat.
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Assuming that surface treatment is effectivQ in supp.ressing dust from
open ar~a5 • the road source becomes potentially significant. Road
emission.e can be 5ucc&s5fully reduce.d by about SOt by frequent
application of watsr (by spray bo~ser or pipeline) bue vehicle speed
and routes rnu£t be wall controlled.
Contract conditions will be
needed to enforce this.
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Con&tIuction
Construction activity (i.a. associated with construction of the pcwa
and road infrastructure) will be 4 source of fugitive . dust
. emias1ons .
Construct1~· activities
ean have Bubstantial temporary impact.
Estimates (from the US) suggest that a figure ot 3000 kg/ha/month may
be gsnerated by various actiVitieS! relfot9d to It period of heavy
construction activity. This is a gAneral figure baaed on the types of
actiVities that Qre Associated w1 th hBavy construction ... This figure
8Uggemts that for thQ Belch&r's Bay Link, uncontrolled construction
activities could produce dust levels thAt would exceed the Air Quality
Objectives at the neArest se~1tive receiver.
Control maasureQ will need to be included in construction contracts.
These control measures will need to include!
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good housekeeping - rapid spill cleanup .
dry materiAl storage
best practice dry material handling
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bQ8t practice
water Ava11able for damping down dusty areas
specific controls for sPQQ1fic dusty activities (e.g.
batch1ng) .
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c~ment
It tnay ~lso ba nec:e.ssary to be able to 1mpletnent controls as the
situ4t1on demands on A day-to-day basis. The mos~ important.feature
in the control of fugitive em1ssions ls awareness amongst contractors
And management of the potential for problems.
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6.0
OPERATIONAL EFFECTS
6.1
Vater Quality
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Once the pcwa and road networks proposed by the study become
operational there will be the potential for adverse water quali ty
impacts.
The activities of the pcwa have the potential for cargo spills into
harbour waters. Improved facilities for handling introduced by the
proposals will limit the risk of spills ho\-1ever, and it is not
expected that the addi tional cargo handling that will occur as a
result of the proposals will pose a significant impact.
. . ses
conditions for use of the cwa should evertheless inclu e
whic requlre
the prevention of pollution .
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The road network const.ructed will include adeguate provision of
drainage services to prevent spills and losses of oil or fuel that
.,... m~ght. occu:r. from discl:arging to storm drains directly to the harbour.
. Gri t traps will also be require d.
Such fac i li ties will require
cleaning at adequate frequencies for them to remain efficient.
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Air Quality
With regard to the operational phase the most potential for adverse
impact relates to atmospheric pollutants emitted by vehicles using the
new road network.
pollution
has
been
predicted
using
Caline
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In interpreting these results it should be remembered that the basic
assumptions made in the calculations are designed to illustrate worst
case conditions, and that the actual case is. likely to be an
improvement in the figures shown.
Predictions have been made to establish the worst case condition with
peak hour t~ffic congestion and low speeds. Traffic flows used to
generate the concentration predictions are shown in Table 6.
A wind speed of 2rns- 1 has been used in calculations. This speed was
chosen to represent the open location of the road, being influenced by
slightly higher wind speeds than those that might be experienced in
sheltered streets surrounded by buildings .
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It is not expected that the new roads will have an unacceptable impact
on harbour water quality.
Vehicle emitted
methodology.
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TABLE 6
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TRAFFIC FLOW'S
1996 Flows - am (pm) peak pcu's
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614
1406 (682)
ln-',: .
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1312 (1438)
487
81S
( S40)
( 898)
2006 Flows
-L
1810 (1106)
Table 7 gives the results of the ·predictions. Predictions were made
for the receptors 1, 6 and Ilm from the carriageway at three
locations: 20m west of the intersection, at the intersection and 30m
east of the intersection adjacent to Queens Road East.
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These locations and receptor points were chosen to give representative
answers for the worst case situations. Values in the table refer to
carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen. Lead emissions
have not been predicted due to the uncertainties on the extent of the
use of unleaded fuel by the prediction dates. Lead levels are not
expected to represent problems however.
r,
The predicted carbon monoxide levels are all well within the standards
set by the air quality objectives and it is not anticipated that there
should be any problems from the proposed road in this regard.
Cl
The air quality obj ectives give values for ,ni trogen dioxide.
The
oxides of ni trogen emitted by vehicles consist mainly of nitrogen
monoxide. This oxidises in the atmosphere to the more toxic nitrogen
dioxide.
The oxidation rate is dependant on a variety of factors
including NOx concentration, ambient temperature and sunshine.
A
conversion rate of 20% is the rate usually applied to roadside
situations such as the one being modelled here.
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TABLE 7
CALINE 4 PREDICTION RESULTS
Receptor
Position
HC
JJgm-3
pgm-3
1m
6m
11m
4309
3727
2679
291
251
181
446
386
277
At intersection
lID
3378
228
350
30m East of
intersection
1rn
3727
251
386
20rn West of
intersection
1m
6m
11m
6056
5241
3727
408
251
627
543
386
At intersection
lm
4659
314
483
30m East of
intersection
lm
5357
361
555
1996
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20m West of
intersection
2006
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JJgm-3
YEAR
•
Distance
from Roadside
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Traffic Numbers
as shown in Table 6 (converted from pcu's by conversion
factor of 1.37)
Windspeed
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Stability Class
D
Vehicle Speed
15 kph (congested
flow~.
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Thus - the worst case prediction for congested flows of 627 pg/m 3
nitrogen oxides represents a concentration of 125 p.g/m3 nitrogen
dioxide. This figure is a prediction relating to an averaging time of
ten minutes and is thus well within the air quality objective for N02.
When added to a representative figure for existing N0 2 concentrations
of approximately 70 pg/m3 the air quality objective is still met.
When traffic speeds increase the emission rate of nitrogen oxides also
increases. Predictions for a free flowing traffic situation at the
design speeds of 50 kph for Belcher's Bay Link and 70 kph for Route 7
indicates that the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide that could be
generated are within the air quality objectives.
At lower wind speeds the natural dispersive capacity of the atmosphere
is reduced. At wind speeds of 1 m/s levels of nitrogen dioxide that
when added to a background N02 level of about 70 pg/m2. approach the
air quality objective are predicted for the year 2006 close to the
road side (i.e. at lm from the roadside). At distances greater than
6m from the roadside, levels are diluted to acceptable levels.
This means that pedestrian,!;: ~ho'tild n61:" he ;:i.llowed" to gain
to busy major highways. 'To prevent unacceptable
pedestrians it is suggested that pedestrian footways are
from the roadside, particularly at intersections.
pedestrian access and routes should also be provided.
close access
exposure to
located away
Alternative
It should be pointed out, however that cond~tions where AQO are
exceeded will be rare as low wind speeds are not likely to be
encountered during periods of peak traffic movements.
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7.0
CONCLUSIONS
Reclamation projects cannot proceed without some degree of
environmental impact.
Recognition of the potential problems at an
early stage, however, allows mitigation measures to be incorporated
into the design of the project and into the management of the project
to reduce the level of adverse impact where possible. Y'here it is not
possible to reduce the impact to acceptable standards steps to prevent
exposure-to the unacceptable water or air quality can be implemented.
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In the case of the Belcher' s Bay reclamation proj ect, any adverse "
water quality affects will be detected by the recommended monitoring
regime and the appropriate steps to prevent further adverse effects
can be taken.
Any adverse effects on water quality are not
anticipated beyond the construction phase however.
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Air quality objectives will continue to be met in the vicinity despite
the expected increases in vehicle activity.
It is recommended, however, that pedestrian access to the roadside is
limited ·tC?preven~·"adverse', impacts·oof levels of n1 trogen dioxide
which, in ~xceptional conditions could increase to levels above those
deemed satisfactory.
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Agreement No. CE 32/88
l3elcher's Bay'Link
Draft Water Quality and Air Quality Report
Comments
Refer.ence
Consultants' Respon!
Air Policy Group
Page 5, Table 2
The dialy AQO for the· Total Suspended Particulates should be 260
ug/m3 instead of 360 ug/m3. The consultant should confirm that
the predicted dust impacts have been compared with the corrected
AQO.
Page 9, 1st para.
Please give reference of the studies that showed AQOs are exceeded
in the Belcher Bay street area.
3.3·3
page 11, 1st para.
S.It.O
Page
2~
to 26, S.5.3.
It's agreed that the development of the 90m buffer south of the
roadway should be considered in other project (probably the
Belcher Bay Reclamation). However, the consultant should 'set up
a guideline of buffer requirement with reference to the HKPSG so
that future development along the BBL would n@t be subjected to
bad traffic air quality.
The consultant should have included in the report the predic tion
method of 'the dust impacts of the relcamation including details
such as model. the met~ological conditions, the location'of the
receptors, emission factors, modelling parameters and etc;,
Explanations should also 'be provided "for the choice of the
mete~ological conditions ,and the model.
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Page 26, 2nd para.
S.5.3.1.
Page 26, 3rd para.
8.5.3.1
L
What's the composition of proposed additives that would b~ used
for dust suppression 7 Would these kinds of chemicals ca~se other
environmental problems 7 Also, how long can it stay and what is
the cost ?
At what vehicle speed shoUld construction vehicles be controlled
in order to prevent significant dust emissions ?
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Agreement No. CE 32/80
Belcher's Bay'Link
Draft Water Quality and Air Quality Report'
~er.ence
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Comments
olicy Group
26, S.5.3.2,
2nd para.
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The consultant should give the source for the proposed dust
emission factor of 500 kg/ha/month. Also, according to the
USEPA AP-42, a figure for of 1.2 ton/acre/month (which is
equivalent to about 2965 kg/ha/month) is used for construction
activities with medium activity level only. Thus, the consultant
should justify the above dust emission factor for the assessment.
26, S.5.3.2,
3rd para.
The consul·tant should further elaborate the best practice dry
material storage and best practice dry material handling.
30, 1st para ..
S.6 .. 2
The consultant has suggested that the averaging time of the
prediction is 10 minutes. However, for the CALINE4, the averaging
time of the prediction depends on the input of the fluctuation of
horizontal wind direction to the model. The consultant should
submit th~ value of this parameters for our agreement.
30, 2nd and 3rd
para. S.6.2
The consultant should provide us with the details of the modelling
results for the vehicle spe~d of 50 kph for BBL and 70 kph for
Route 7 as stated in the text (2nd para), and with wind speed of .
lm/s (3rd para).
30, 4th para.
s . 6.2
What is the suggest buffer between the pedestrian footways and the
roadside.
.. Policy Group
7, Table 3
Surface Do % in Harbour West is (38.6 - 130.9).
8, 3.3.2
The consultant has measured the ve~ity of current in that area.
More details of the measurements are needed. e.g. depth. equipments used.
Consultants' Responses
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Agreement No. CE 32/00
I1clcher's Buy' Link
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Draft Water Quality and Air Quality Report
Refer.ence
Comments
Consul tan ts' Response;
Water Policy Group
Phase 3 reclamation is-an embayment which would trap all coastal
discharges and filled materials during the phase 1 reclamation
stage. How long does it last? Any mitigating measures would be
taken in that period?
Page 10, 5.4.0
Page 15.
s.
5.1.4
Temporary site drainage at the perimeter of-the reclamation site
should be connected to special settling tanks/grease traps/interceptors so as to control silty/oil spilt contaminated water being
wash into ~he s~ormdrain/joul sewers_
Page 16 Last para.
of 5.5.1.6)
The report indicates that predictions of flow patterns were made
by the consultants. Gould they supply more details?
Page 17, 1st para
Besides Dissolved Oxygen, the contractor should also prevent an
unacceptable level of turbidity generation'.
sub-it~m
5,
~2.
Page 18, Sub-item
(a); S.5.2.2)
Page 18. Sub-item
\C),S.5.2.2.
This item 'should be replaced by the attached sheet App. I for
,turbidity measurements
This item should be replaced by the attached sheet App. 11 for
suspended solids measurements.'
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Page 20, para.4
All monitoring instruments' shall be recalibrated at bi-monthly
interval.
Waste Management
Group , ,
Page 13, 5.5.1.2
Special requirements may be imposed on the mud disposal" works
if the marine mud is found to be contaminated.
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Turbidity Measurement Instrument
Turbidity measured on site could be
fol1o~ing ~o
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done using either of the
methods :
111·situ ~easurement
column; or
~ith
the probe totally submerged in the
~ater
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0.25 litre of ~ater sample collected at the specified
depth and shaked ~ell ~hen a measurement is being taken on
board.
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The contractor is free to choose either method; Ho~ever, once he
ha.s chosen one method, he must apply 1:he sam~ method. throughout both
!aseline Monitoring 'iirid "Ro~tin~7 Moni toring' Periods. The same method
viI1 also have to apply to all monitoring/control stations.
The instrument shall be a portable, ~ea therproof turbidi ty·measuri ng
instrument complete with cable, sensor and comprehensive operation
ttanuals. The equipment shall be operable from a DC po\:er source. it
shall have a photoelectric-sensor capable of measuring turbidity
be~een 0·100 ~~ and be complete vith cable vith at least 25 meters
long. (R~CH Turbidimeter Model 16800 or similar approved).
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Suspended Solids measurements
, A 12 v~lt DC po~ered peristaltic pump equipped with a Tygon tubing
of at l'eiis't 25 m long shall be used for sampling ""ater. S.smples
should be collected in high density polythene bottles, packed in
ice (co61ed to SCC wi thou't being frozen) t and delivered to the
laboratory as soon as possible after col1eetion. Upon arrival to
the laboratory, samples should be well~mixed and then filtered (""i~h
a vacuum of less than 381 mm of Hg) through pre-weighed Mi11ipore
matched pair filters (for <5 mg/L) or preweighed \Jha'bDan GFle
fil ters (for >5 :ng/L) im.rnedia tely ..
A Mi llipore . hand- oper a ted
filtration assembly (with a vacuum of less than 15 inches of Hg)
shall be used to filter the water samples. Particulates collected
on the filter Fcpers should be stored at 5c C and be dried ""ithin 48
hours in a drying oven at l03 CC until constant weight is reache4 on
~o consecutive ~eighings.
Filter papers taken from the drying oven
shall be 'cooled to roo~ temperature in a dessicator prior to being
~eighed.
An cccurate electronic balance shall be used to give a
precision level of 0.01 mg.
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All monitoring ins~r~ents shall be checked, calibrated cnd
certified by en approved accredited laboratory before use on the
\.,. .orks· and subsequently re-calibrated at bi-mont.hly intervals
throughout all stcges of the 'l.:'a ter quali ty moni toring. Responses of
sensors and electrodes shOUld be checked ~ith cer~ified standard
solutions before ecch use.
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Agreement No. CE 32/88
Belcher's Day Link
Draft Waler Quality anti Air Quality Report
:nce
Comments
Page 1
Consultant's Responses
)licy Group
i, Table 2
I,
1st para. S.3.3
., 1st para. S.4.0
:4 to 26, S.5.3
The daily AQO for the Total Suspended Particulates should
be 260 ug/ml instead of 360 ug/ml. The consultant should
confirm that the predicted dust impacts have been compared
with the corrected AQO.
This is a typographical error, the consultants can continn predicted dust impacts
were compared against the correct figure of 260 ug/ml.
Please give reference of the studies that showed AQO are
exceeded in the Belcher Bay Street area.
It's agreed that the development of the 90m buffer south of
the roadway should be considered in other prqject (probably
the Belcher Bay Reclamation). However, the consultant
should set up a guideline of buffer requirement with
reference to the HKPSG so that future development along
the BBL would not be subjected to bad traffic or air
quality.
The study referred to is Green Island Reclamation Feasibility Study and refers to the '
The consultant should have included in the report the
prediction method of the dust impacts of lhe reclamation
including details such as model, the meteorological
conditions, the location of the receptors, emission factors.
modelling parameters and etc. Explanations should also be
provided for the choice of the meteorological conditions and
the model.
The prediction of potential dust impact is not a precise science and the methodology
use should only be ,used to indicate the potential scale of the problem. At this stage
of the project it is necessary to make several assumptions to predict the potential for
dust production. The section indicates that quite broad generalisations have been
used to identify the potential for problems but ·worst case" situations are looked at.
In this instance this means high dust loads, short source length and a sensitive
receiver closest to the potential source. Worst case meteoroJogical conditions
include low wind speeds and winds blowing directly form the source to the receiver.
The section does not set out to predict the precise nature of the potential dust impact
but to indicate whether or not the potential exists. In this instance the potential for
adverse effects on air quality objectives and on the nuisance capacity of dust fall
exists nnd so it is justifiable to require dust controls to be implemented as part of the
environmental management of the site.
general situation rather than any particular location.
The guidelines given in HKPSG would be suggested as the basis for planning land
use in this area. - : Sensitive uses such as nurseries, or schools should not be
considered for the ~ntire zone. but it may be possible to develop the area further
than say 30m fro~ I the road edge for residential use or recreational activities.
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Agreement No. CE 32/88
Belcher's Bay Link
Draft Water Quality and Air Quality Report
Reference
Comments
Consultant's Responses
A very simple box model was used to predict the scale of impacts, based on sou
strength (from Emission Factor Calculation) source length cloud mixing patte
downwind from a ground level source, deposition velocity speeds were used I
calculations referred to 'dry day' (Le. no rainfall) uncontrolled situations.
Page 26. 2nd para.
S.S.3.1
What's the composition of proposed additives that would be
used for dust suppression? Would these kinds of chemicals
cause other environmental problems? Also, how long can
it stay and what is the cost?
Surface coatings that can be used to control fugitive dust include coatings based
either bitumen, salts or adhesives. Table 1 lists these chemicals depends on
degree of disturbance the treated area is su~iect to. Application rates may vary l
the initial di1u~ion rate of the stabilizer in water for application purposes may 11
vary. Guidance from the manufacturers for rate of application, cost and durat
are being sought. In general terms the like1y excess environmental impact rr
utilizing such stabilisation techniques is unlikely to be significant.
Page 26. 3rd para.
S.S.3.1
At what vehicle speed should construction vehicles be
controlled in order to prevent significant dust emissions?
The quantity of dust produced by vehicles travelling OVer unpaved surface~
directly proportional to vehicle speed. Therefore. the lower the speed, tbe Sma
the quantity of dust produced. If possible vehicle speeds should be control1e<
those as low as can be reasonably enforced. Speeds of 25-30 mph or below arl
I
be preferred.
The consultant should give the source for the proposed dust
emission factor of 500 kglha/month. Al~o. according to the
USEPA AP-42, a figure for of 1.2 ton/acre/month (which
is equivalent to about 2965 kglha/month) is used for
construction activities ~ith medium activity level only.
Thus, the consultant should justify the above dust emission
factor for the assessment.
Agreed, the emiSSion factor should read approximately 3000 kglba/mol
However, the statements concerning the potential for adverse impact 10 be eau
by construction activity remain valid.
,Air Policy Group
Page 26, 2nd para.
S.S.3.2
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Agr~cment
No. Cl! 32/88
Belcher's Bay Link
Draft Wutcr Quality and Air Quality Report
Comments
flce
6, 3rd para.
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The consultant should further elaborate the best practice dry
maferial storage and best practice dry material handling.
Page 3
Consultant's Responses
Dry material storage methods to minimise the dust potential would include the use
of covered areas for small particle sized material, orienting the piles to minimise the
action of wind. providing dust filters Rnd local extraction systems where fine
particles are handled, providing wind shields for medium sized particles etc.
Best practice dry material handling methods, include, but are not limited to, for
example:
o
o
o
o
o
p'~ra.
The consultant has suggested that the averaging time of
the prediction is 10 minutes.
However, for the
CALINE4, the averaging time of the prediction depends
on the input of the fluctuation of horizontal wind
direction to the model. The consultant should submit the
value of this parameters for our agreement.
In modelling the predicted emissions from the development, the worst case
situation has been utilised to give an indication of the worst air quality
conditions that might occur. In practice this may occur only for very short
periods when all worst case assumptions combine. We have used a combination
of worst case meteorological factors and peak hourly traffic figures and hence
the real time horizontal fluctuation of wind direction has not been included in
our use of the model. We are unsure as to whether the meteorological data
available for the area would provide a good indication of the fluctuation that
might be experienced at the location of the deveJopment. The predictions
referred to in the report are worst case average hourly concentrations with no
reduction in value that might occur if wind fluctuations were taken into account.
They are thus likely to be conservative.
2nd and 3rd
The consultant should provide us with the details of the
modelling results for the vehicle speed of 50 kph for
BEL and 70 kph for Route 7 as stated in the text (2nd
para), and with wind speed of lmls (3rd para).
(see response to comments on Page 30, 4th para. S.6.2)
0, 1st
~O,
minithisation of drop hcight
use of dedicated handling areas with paved surfaces fo aid clean up
handling areas to be kerbed also to aid clean up
handling areas to have boards or enclosure arrangements to maximise efficient
transfer
.
maintenance of equipment to ensure efficient closure of grab jaws and bucket
transfer efficiency.
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Belchcr's Bay Link
Draft Water Quality and Air Quality Report
Comments
Reference
PAge 30, 4th pAra.
S.6.2
Wbat is the suggested buffer between the pedestrian
footways and the roadside.
Pag~
Consultant t s Responses
The values calcuHlted are presented below:
Table 2 : Air Quality Predictions
1996
co
He
NO.
2)9
154
142
SJ8
tlm
1980
1398
1281
,
Im
1630
176
846
30m east of
Im
1514
163
786
20m west of
Im
6m
lIm
2795
1980
1741
309
Intersection
193
1076
763
673
Im
2096
226
1133
Jm
2213
239
1150
Receptor
Position
Vehicle
Speed
20m west
70kph Rt.7
intersection
50kph BDL
Wind
Speed
Distance
from
Roadside
1ms· t
Im
6m
At Intersection
!!.&m:'
763
493
I ntersCCl ion
2006
At Inter-
219
I
section
30m east of
Intersection
Rt7 = Route 7
SBL :::: Belc:her Bay Link
At distances from the carriageway greater than 6m the modelling indicates level
pollutants are diluted to acceptable levels. It would appear that the buffer coull
set at 6m. However, it must be recognised that the modelling predicts worst I
situations from a combination of conditions that only infrequently occur and
only for short periods when all the worst case assumptions combine. The absc
of a footway adjacent to the road in an urban situation means a loss of benefits.
benefits in an urban situation outweigh the risks predicted by this conservOl
modelling. It is recommended that footways of 2.75m to 3.0m as required b~
Traffic Planning and Design Manual (TPDM) are to be constructed. This repres
a 1m buffer and the remaining width provides opportunity for pedestrians to incr
the distance between himself and the source.
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Agreement No. CE 32/88
Belcher's Bay Link
Draft Water Qmllity and Air Quality Report
Comments
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Page 5
Consultant's Responses
Policy Group
, Table 3
Surface Do % in Harbour West is (38.6 - 130.9).
Noted this is a typographical error.
, S.3.2
The consultant has measured the velocity of current in that
area. More details of the measurements are needed. e.g.
depth, equipments used.
The results discussed in this section refer to current measurements extracted from
the WAHMO physical model and provided to the present study team by Civil
Engineering Office.
0, S.4.0
Phase 3 reclamation is an embayment which would trap all
coastal discharges and filled materials during the phase 1
reclamation stage. How long does it last? Any mitigating
measures would be taken in that period?
Noted. This condition would last for about 12 months. However, while (he cargo
handling activities along the existing Kennedy Praya are maintai~ed, it is expected
that the resulting frequent vessel movements wi1l help in providing water exchange.
This issue has been addressed in S.5.1.5 with relevant mitigating measures
elaborated.
S. S.5.1.4
Temporary site drainage at the perimeter of the reclamation
site should be connected. to special settling tanks/grease
traps/interceptors so as to control silly/oil spilt contaminated
water being wash into the stormdrain/foul sewers,
Noted. It is stressed that the phases I and 11 reclamation will be paved up as soon
a's pr:lclicable. The Phase I reclamation wilt be paved up to form the Public Cargo
Policy group
Working Area and the access road while the Phase 11 also have similar
arrangements. It is believed that the possibility of getting silty water after (he
reclamation has reach the proposed formation level of 4.0 mPD is limited to the
very edge of the reclamation. In this case the wafer will seep through the riprap
protection along the perimeter of the reclamation but filtered by the marine sand
which is being used as filling material. Phase III will complete the reclamation a~d
by then the proper reclamation drainage system will be provided.
It would be more effectiv~ to minimise the possibility of oil spilt by restricting the
oil storage and "filling point to designated area with impervious surface and bunded
to prevent spills. The Contractor shall be required to provide a perimeter drainage
for the designated ~rea with grease trap for discharging.
6 Last para.
.1.6
The report indicates that predictions of flow patterns were
made by the consultants. Could they supply more details?
WAHMO predictions have not been made for the Belcher Bay Link. The studies
referred to in the' final paragraph of this section refer to work carried out in
connection with GiRFS and Port Peninsula Development which indicate that these
much more extensive development projects do not generally affect the main flow'
regime in the harbo~r waters.
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Agreement No. CH 32/88
BeIcher's Bay Link
Draft Water Quality and Air Quality Report
Comments
Reference
Page 17, Jst para.
sub-item 5, 5.2.1.
Page t 8, sUb-item (a),
S.5.2.2.
Page 18. sUb-item (c),
S.5.2.2
Page 20, para. 4
Page
Consultant's Responses
Besides Dissolved Oxygen, the contractor should also
prevent an unacceptable level of turbidity generation.
This item should be replaced by the attached sheet App. I
for turbidity measurements.
Turbidity should be taken as read from sub items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.
This item should be replaced by the attached sheet App. 11
for suspended solids measurements.
Noted.
All monitoring instruments shall be recalibrated at bimonthly interval.
Noted.
Special requirements may be imposed on the mud disposal
works if the marine mud is f<?und to be contaminated .
Noted.
Noted.
Waste Management Group
Page 13, S.5.1.2
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TABLE 1 : DUST SUPPRESSION CHEMICALS
A.
B.
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Type : Bitumens
Product
Manufacturer
AMS 2200, 2300
Coherex
Docal 1002
Pencprime
Pecro Tac p
Resinex
Retain
Arco Mine Sciences
Witco Chemical
Douglas Oil Comapny
Utan Emulsions
Syntech Proudcts Corporation
Neyrs Industrie, Inc.
Dubois Chemical Company
Type: Salts
Product
Manufacturer
Calcium chloride
Dowfl ake , Liquid Dew
OP-IO
Dust Ban 8806
Dustgard
Sodium silicate
Allied Chemical Corporation
Dow Chemical
Wen-Don Corporation
Nalco Chemical Company
G.S.L. Minerals arid Chemicals Corporation
The PQ Corporation
Type : Adhesives
Product
Manufacturer
Acrylic pLR·MS
Bio Cat 300-1
CPB-12
Curasal AI(
OCL-40A, 1801, 1803
OC-859,857
Dust Ban
Flamoinder
Lignosite
Norlig A, 12
Orzan Series
Soil Gard
Ronm and Haas Company
Applied Natural Systems, Inc.
Wen-Don Corporation
American Hoechst Corporation
Caigon Corporation
Betz Laboratories, Inc.
Nalco Chemical Company
Flambeau Paper Company
Georgia Pacific Corporation
Reed Lignin. Inc.
Crown Zellerbach Corporation
Walsh Chemical
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Agreement No. CE 32/88
Belcher's Bay Link
Draft Walcr Quality and Air Quality Report
. Con.crultanL·s
Comments
Volume I - Noic;e
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Volume n
Air OnaJjtv
Some Lypog:tapbical errors have DOl been ame:oded:
Table 2p page S
The daily AQO rOl" dJe Tobll SuspeOded ParticnJales !ibonJd
Noted.
be 260 ILg/m" instead of 360 pr/m-).
Page 26~ 5.5.3.2
The dust emiAioa factor proposed by USEPA AP-42 sbouJd
be about 3CX)() l:gIhaIJJlOI11.b in..~ of 500 tg/halmcmth.
Noted.
Should be : 1be V~ Ha.rbour %ODe is sclIMuIed to be
eazrtfed in 1993 .....
Noted..
leacbate from pohI.ie dllmping ground in Phase ill which
wooJd affect the '9tIi1d.cc qnality "WB.S not .addressed in the
The Phase ,m recla.m:I6on 'Will be coostrucCed with mariDe and and COO topJ
W2Ier Quality
Item 2. ] ~ 2nd panL
report..
2 IoEs of S 00DSeCIltive days saxnpiing is
TableS A
DOt sufficient to
provide 'baseIioe' for the subseqneot monitoring weds•
N~ &he sampling frequ.eucy is revised to 4 san:yfing per weel. at mid-fkxx
mid-ebb~ fur 4 ~ve 'Weei.s w:ithin 6 weeb of com.meoce.mect of worb
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