W S ?? HAT IS

WHAT IS
SOCIAL SCIENCE??
A disciplined study and
understanding of human behaviour
WHAT IS
ANTHROPOLOGY ??
THE STUDY OF HUMAN BEINGS AS A
SPECIES AND AS MEMBERS OF
DIFFERENT CULTURES.
TWO MAIN BRANCHES:


Physical Anthropology: Examines the way that
humans are different from and similar to other
species and how humans have evolved.
Cultural Anthropology: Explores how culture
shaped the way people lived in the past and how
they live in the world today.
Physical
vs.
Evolution
 Genetics
 Fossil evolution
 Forensics
 Primatology

Also… sometimes these
are further divided to
include archaeology
and linguistics
Cultural
Economics
 Ethnology
 Socialization
 Marriage
 Politics
 Gender
 Religion

PHYSICAL:
Forensic anthropology?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cogeHybySI
Can determine: gender, age, stature, racial
affiliation, time since death, cause of death from
markings on bones, identify illnesses and wounds
vs.
Forensic archaeology:
The systematic archaeological recovery of buried
remains and artifacts.
Osteology: bones
Dentition: teeth
Ethnobotony: plant remains and pollen
CULTURAL:
SO WHAT IS CULTURE?


The full range of learned
human behaviour patterns;
the beliefs, attitudes,
values and ideals of a
society.
Culture is :
Learned
 Shared with others
 Shapes how we understand
the world
 Has patterns

“Culture” used first in
1871 by Edward B. Tylor
WHAT IF WE USED 2013 SUPERBOWL ADS TO
TEACH US ABOUT TODAY’S CULTURAL VALUES?
What would your observations of US culture and values be, based on
these advertisements?







"Whole Again"
"Go Daddy - Perfect Match"
Budweiser Baby Clydesdale
Farmers
"Viva Young"
Which ad do you think
has received the most
criticism?
In fact it has become the
main target of #NotBuyingIt
Which ad do you think
has received the most fan
votes?
Oh, and the experts study them too! "Superbowl Ads
that scored big"
And here’s Ms Howie’s personal fave - ???
IMPORTANT TERMS
Ethnocentrism: The tendency to judge other
cultures by your own values. “We don’t do that so
it’s strange/wrong/etc…”
Cultural Relativism: Studying other cultures
and values with acceptance and respect.
Ethnology: Studying and comparing past with
contemporary cultures.
Ethnography: The in-depth description of a
particular culture through extensive field work.
S OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL



Functionalism: Studies problems within society
and how the institutions meet those needs
Structuralism: Studies what makes cultures
unique and different from one another. The goal of
structural anthropology is to identify the hidden rules
participants understand but are unable to articulate.
Cultural Materialism: Technological and economic
aspects play the primary role in shaping a society.
Cultural materialism aims to understand the effects
of technological, economic and demographic factors on
social structure.
WHAT IS
SOCIOLOGY?
THE STUDY OF SOCIAL LIFE, SOCIAL
CHANGE AND THE SOCIAL CAUSES
AND CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOUR.
Sociologists study:
 Structure in groups
and society
 Organized crime
 Religious groups
and cults
 Work






Politics
Race
Social class
Gender
Sport
Etc…
GROUPS
Primary
 Small groups
 Members hard to
replace
 Frequently meet faceto-face
 Share in-depth things
together
 Positive: caring
supportive, secure
 Negative: forced to
give in and conform
Secondary
 Impersonal and
formal
 Know minimal
personal information
 Communication is
mostly “small talk”
 Conflicts are less
frequent
 Groups can seem
distant and more
intimidating
CONFLICT OFTEN HAPPENS WHEN THE
EXPECTATIONS OF ONE PRIMARY GROUP
CONFLICT WITH ANOTHER (EX. FAMILY
VS. FRIENDS)
What are the primary and
secondary groups you belong to?

How
do they manage your
behaviour?
MOVIE TIME!!
“LOST IN THE STRUGGLE”
 Write
down 3 questions a sociologist
might ask when learning of these 3
young men and their lives.
(i.e. circumstances, trends, socialization, etc…)
S OF



SOCIOLOGICAL
Structural-Functionalism: Societies need certain
things to function (education, reproduction,
socializing, certain goods). Societies set up structures
to perform these needed functions.
Neo-Marxism: Economic power = political power.
To understand society look at the economy and the
great differences in power created by $$$.
Symbolic Interactionism: Structures in society
don’t need to be studied, it is all individual. We need
to look at the individual mind and motivations to
understand society.
S OF


SOCIOLOGICAL
Gender Theory: The key to understanding
society is studying gender inequality. Most
structures in society are sexist and need to be
reformed. Historically women’s work has been
undervalued.
Inclusionism: You cannot study society by
looking through the eyes of the majority (ie. white
males in N.Am.). You have to recognize the
experiences of all ethnic minorities in order to
understand societies.
WHAT IS
PSYCHOLOGY?
THE STUDY OF HOW AND WHY HUMANS
ACT ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS


Theoretical/Experimental Psychology:
Set up experiments to see how individuals act in
particular situations in order to determine the
range of human behaviours and/or the reasons
for them.
Clinical Psychology: Develops programsfor
treating individuals suffering from mental illness
and behavioural disorders
S OF PSYCHOLOGICAL



Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud (1865-1939). A process
designed to uncover a patient’s unconscious thoughts by
encouraging them to discuss their background, feelings and
experiences with a trained psychologist.
Behaviourism: John Watson (1878-1958). Believed that
all behavioural responses are the result of environmental
stimuli. Change the environment you change the
behaviour or ex. to overcome phobia expose yourself to the
fear.
Learning Theory: (Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura). Believe
that most human behaviour is learned, especially in
childhood and youth.
What we are aware of
10% →
Easily retrieved
10-15 % →
“Buried” requires
psychoanalysis
75-80 % →
Freud used the terms
Id, Ego and Superego
to describe the human
character.
‘Id’ (pronounced as
‘it’) = the lower, more
animalistic parts of our
character (unconscious)
‘Ego’ = the way most
of us act in everyday
life, a compromise
between needs, lust,
morals and realism.
The conscious decision
maker.
‘Superego’ = higher
values, ethics and
morals (unconscious)
OTHER IDEAS

Phrenology: Franz Gall (19th century). That 35
behaviours and personality traits could be
discovered by examining bumps on the skull.
Examples – bumps 1 to 7

Reproductive instincts

The love of one's offspring

Affection and friendship

Self-defense, courage and fighting

Murderous instincts

Guile; acuteness; cleverness

Sense of property; the tendency to steal
All branches of psychology approach the study of
human mental processes by dividing them into two
processes: sensation and perception.
1.
Sensation: The process that activates our
sense receptors – sight, hearing, smell, taste and
touch.
2.
Perception: The process that allows us to
select, organize and interpret sensory signals to the
brain.
LET’S HAVE SOME FUN!! F
ACTS FROM
DREAMMOODS.COM

One-third of your life is spent sleeping.

In an average lifetime, you would have spent a total of about six years of dreaming. That is more than 2,100 days
spent in a different realm!

Everybody dreams. Simply because you do not remember your dream does not mean that you do not dream. In
fact, you have several dreams during a normal night of sleep.

A lack of dream activity may imply some protein deficiency or a personality disorder.

On average, you can dream anywhere from one to two hours every night. Moreover, you can have four to seven
dreams in one night.

Blind people do dream. Whether visual images appear in their dreams depend on whether they were blind at birth
or became blind later in life. Sound, tactility, and smell become hypersensitive for the blind and their dreams are
based on these senses.

Five minutes after the end of the dream, half the content is forgotten. After ten minutes, 90% is lost.

Men tend to dream more about other men, while women dream equally about men and women.

If you are snoring, then you cannot be dreaming.

According to a research study, the most common setting for dreams is your own house.
DREAM ANALYSIS

Use the handout about dreams to think through
your last dream.

Step 1 – Write down every detail you remember
about your dream.

Step 2 – With a partner work through the questions
on the sheet to help you think about your dream in
an analytical fashion. Analyze yourself.

Step 3 – for added fun choose 3 or 4 main symbols or
places or themes from your dream.
Go to www.dreammoods.com , along the top menu
bar you will see “Dream Dictionary”. Try to find
those symbols etc… to see what they really mean.
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

Psychology



Usually have doctoral degree in psychology
Theoretical psychologists do research and study rules
that govern behaviour
Clinical psychologists work with people to apply
research and try to help them
vs.

Psychiatry
General medical degree and then specialized training
in psychiatry. Can prescribe meds.
 Sometimes referred to as a “shrink”

LAST SLIDE – WOOT!!

Lets watch the opening clip from:
“When the devil knocks” about a woman with
Dissociative Personality Disorder. (13 minutes)
Write down 3 questions a psychologist
might ask as they learned of this case.