Bridge manual (SP/M/022) Third edition

Bridge manual
(SP/M/022)
Third edition
Bridge manual
manual number: SP/M/022
© NZ Transport Agency
www.nzta.govt.nz
Third edition, Amendment 1
Effective from September 2014
ISBN 978-0-478-37162-8 (print)
ISBN 978-0-478-37161-1 (online)
Copyright information
This publication is copyright © NZ Transport Agency.
Material in it may be reproduced for personal or in-house
use without formal permission or charge, provided suitable
acknowledgement is made to this publication and the
NZ Transport Agency as the source. Requests and enquiries
about the reproduction of material in this publication for any
other purpose should be made to:
NZ Transport Agency
Private Bag 6995
Wellington 6141
The permission to reproduce material in this publication
does not extend to any material for which the copyright is
identified as being held by a third party. Authorisation to
reproduce material belonging to a third party must be
obtained from the copyright holder(s) concerned.
Disclaimer
The NZ Transport Agency has endeavoured to ensure
material in this document is technically accurate and reflects
legal requirements. However, the document does not
override governing legislation. The NZ Transport Agency
and its employees, agents and contractors involved in the
preparation and publication of this document do not accept
liability for any consequences arising from the use of this
document. Users of this document should apply and rely
upon their own skill and judgment, and should not rely on
the manual's contents in isolation from other sources of
advice and information. In applying their own skill and
judgment, the standards of safety and serviceability
explicitly required or implied by this manual shall not be
reduced. If the user is unsure whether the material is correct,
they should make direct reference to the relevant legislation
or regulations and contact the NZ Transport Agency.
More information
Published 2013
ISBN 978-0-478-37162-8 (print)
ISBN 978-0-478-37161-1 (online)
If you have further queries, call our contact centre
on 0800 699 000 or write to us:
NZ Transport Agency
Private Bag 6995
Wellington 6141
This document is available on the NZ Transport Agency’s
website at www.nzta.govt.nz
Page i
Document management plan
1)
Purpose
This management plan outlines the updating procedures and contact points for the document.
2)
Document information
Document name
Bridge manual
Document number
SP/M/022
Document availability
This document is located in electronic form on the NZ Transport Agency’s website at
www.nzta.govt.nz.
Document owner
National Structures Manager
Document sponsor
National Manager Professional Services
Prepared by
Opus International Consultants Ltd, Wellington; and
Professional Services, NZ Transport Agency
3)
Amendments and review strategy
All corrective action/improvement requests (CAIRs) suggesting changes will be acknowledged by the
document owner.
Comments
Frequency
Amendments (minor
revisions)
Updates to be notified to users by publication of a technical memorandum placed on
the NZ Transport Agency’s website.
As required.
Review
(major revisions)
Periodic updates will be undertaken where amendments fundamentally changing the
content or structure of the manual or new technology resulting from research or
ongoing refinement have been identified.
As required.
Notification
All users that have registered their interest by email to bridgemanual@nzta.govt.nz
will be advised by email of amendments and updates.
Immediately.
4)
Distribution of this management plan
Copies of this manual management plan are to be included in the NZ Transport Agency intranet.
The NZ Transport Agency’s Bridge manual SP/M/022
Third edition, Amendment 1
Effective from September 2014
Page ii
Record of amendments
This document is subject to review and amendment from time to time. Amendments will be recorded in the table
below.
Changes since the previous amendment are indicated by a vertical line in the margin. The date of issue or
amendment of a page appears in the header on each page. This page will be updated each time a new
amendment is released.
Amendment
number
Description of change
Effective date
Updated by
0
The NZTA Bridge manual 3 edition published to replace the Transit New Zealand
Bridge manual 2nd edition.
May 2013
Nigel Lloyd
1
Manual disclaimer extended to include contractors.
September 2014
Nigel Lloyd
rd
Clauses 2.1.6(c), 3.2.1, 3.4.18(b)(ii), 4.2.1(a), 4.4.2 and 4.7.4(a) amended.
Clauses 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 amended for changes in determination of PGAs.
Section 7 amended to include 50MAX loading, define loaded lane and loaded length,
revise concrete strengths and include alternate statistical analysis for reinforcement
strength.
Clauses A1.4, A2(c), table A2 and figure A4 notes amended.
Appendix F extensively updated and draft status removed.
The NZ Transport Agency’s Bridge manual SP/M/022
Third edition, Amendment 1
Effective from September 2014
Page iii
Foreword
The NZ Transport Agency creates transport solutions for a thriving New Zealand.
We achieve this through our four core business functions:
• planning the land transport networks
• investing in land transport
• managing the state highway network, and
• providing access to and use of the land transport system.
Our structures are an important component of the land transport system. It is
through good structures design that the NZ Transport Agency can achieve safety
and the economic use of resources. This manual gives guidelines to meet that
objective, for the design and evaluation of bridges carrying road and/or pedestrian
traffic; for the design of other highway structures such as retaining walls and
culverts; and for the design of earthworks such as slopes, embankments and
cuttings.
This manual has been produced for the NZ Transport Agency by Opus
International Consultants Limited, Wellington, New Zealand. It incorporates the
Transit New Zealand Bridge Manual second edition published in 2003 with
amendments dated June 2004, September 2004 and July 2005.
This third edition introduces amendments to all sections of the manual
incorporating recent advances in structures technology and construction practice.
The manual also recognises the introduction of high productivity motor vehicles
(HPMVs) through updated evaluation procedures for existing bridges.
Structures technology remains an area of ongoing research and refinement. It is
expected that this manual will be reviewed and amended in whole or in part from
time to time. Comments from practitioners will therefore be welcomed.
Indeed, amendments to the seismic design elements of the manual are continuing
as the construction industry and New Zealand as a whole come to terms with the
consequences of the Canterbury earthquakes; and amendments to vehicle load
models are under development to anticipate to the future freight task for the
country.
Kevin Reid
National Manager Professional Services – Highways and Network Operations
The NZ Transport Agency
The NZ Transport Agency’s Bridge manual SP/M/022
Third edition, Amendment 1
Effective from September 2014
Page iv
Contents
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Introduction
1–1
1.1
Introduction
1–2
1.2
Definitions
1–3
1.3
Acknowledgements
1–3
1.4
Technical approval and certification procedures
1–3
1.5
References
1–4
Design - General requirements
2–1
2.1
Design philosophy
2–2
2.2
Geometric and side protection requirements
2–12
2.3
Waterway design
2–13
2.4
Site investigations
2–17
2.5
Influence of approaches
2–18
2.6
Urban design
2–18
2.7
Special studies
2–21
2.8
References
2–22
Design loading
3–1
3.1
Introduction
3–2
3.2
Traffic loads - gravity effects
3–2
3.3
Traffic loads - horizontal effects
3–6
3.4
Loads other than traffic
3–7
3.5
Combination of load effects
3–17
3.6
References
3–20
Analysis and design criteria
4–1
4.1
Analysis
4–2
4.2
Reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
4–2
4.3
Structural steel and composite construction
4–12
4.4
Timber
4–14
4.5
Aluminium
4–15
4.6
Other materials
4–15
4.7
Bearings and deck joints
4–15
4.8
Integral and semi-integral abutments
4–21
4.9
Network and tied arch bridges – hanger supports
4–24
4.10
Buried structures
4–26
4.11
Bridges subject to inundation by flooding
4–30
4.12
Miscellaneous design requirements
4–31
The NZ Transport Agency’s Bridge manual SP/M/022
Third edition, Amendment 1
Effective from September 2014
Page v
4.13
References
Addendum 4A
5.0
6.0
5–1
5.1
Scope and design philosophy
5–2
5.2
Design earthquake loading and ductility demand
5–6
5.3
Analysis methods
5–13
5.4
Member design criteria and foundation design
5–16
5.5
Structural integrity and provision for relative displacements
5–20
5.6
References
5–23
Site stability, foundations, earthworks and retaining walls
6–1
6.1
Scope
6–2
6.2
Design loadings and analysis
6–2
6.3
Earthquake induced liquefaction, slope instability and ground
deformation
6–16
6.4
Design of earthworks
6–19
6.5
Foundations
6–22
6.6
Earth retaining systems
6–25
6.7
Geofoam road embankments
6–35
6.8
Geosynthetic soil reinforcement
6–36
6.9
References
6–38
Effective from September 2014
6–41
7–1
7.1
Introduction
7–2
7.2
Inspection and dynamic load factors
7–5
7.3
Material strengths
7–6
7.4
Main member capacity and evaluation
7–11
7.5
Deck capacity and evaluation
7–18
7.6
Proof loading
7–24
7.7
References
7–28
Guidance note – Estimating the characteristic strength of
a group of reinforcing bars
7–29
Structural strengthening
8–1
8.1
Introduction
8–2
8.2
Approvals
8–2
8.3
Durability
8–2
8.4
Existing structure material strengths
8–3
8.5
Strengthening of flexural members
8–3
The NZ Transport Agency’s Bridge manual SP/M/022
Third edition, Amendment 1
Table 6A.1
Evaluation of bridges and culverts
Addendum 7A
8.0
4–41
Earthquake resistant design of structures
Addendum 6A
7.0
New Zealand average relative humidities
4–36
Page vi
8.6
8.7
Appendix A
References
8–14
A–1
A1
General
A–2
A2
Bridge deck widths
A–6
A3
Vertical and horizontal clearances
A–11
A4
References
A–13
Barrier systems on structures
B–1
B1
General
B–2
B2
Types of barrier system and their applications
B–2
B3
Barrier performance selection method
B–4
B4
Barrier acceptance criteria
B–10
B5
Standard solutions
B–11
B6
Side protection design criteria
B–11
B7
Geometric layout, end treatment and transitions - the NZTA’s
requirements
B–16
B8
Non-proprietary bridge barrier system
B–17
B9
References
B–22
Appendix C
Seismic hardware
C–1
C1
Linkage bars
C–2
C2
Toroidal rubber buffers
C–5
C3
References
C–6
Lightly trafficked rural bridges
D–1
D1
General
D–2
D2
Specific requirements
D–2
D3
References
D–6
Appendix D
Appendix E
Bridge site information summary
E–1
Appendix F
Technical approval and certification procedures
F–1
F1
Introduction
F–2
F2
Technical approval requirements
F–2
F3
Requirements for project feasibility and detailed business case
F–7
F4
Requirements for design and project documentation
F–8
F5
Certification requirements
F–11
F6
Category of structures
F–12
F7
References
F–15
Annex F1
Model technical approval documents
F–16
Annex F2
Model certificates
F–26
The NZ Transport Agency’s Bridge manual SP/M/022
Effective from September 2014
8–13
Bridge widths and clearances
Appendix B
Third edition, Amendment 1
Shear strengthening and ductility enhancement of reinforced
concrete columns