A.M.Z. Chamango1, Gomonda, R.W.J.1, Mainjeni, C.E.D. 1
Transcription
A.M.Z. Chamango1, Gomonda, R.W.J.1, Mainjeni, C.E.D. 1
2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf by 1Agricultural AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA A.M.Z. Chamango1, Gomonda, R.W.J.1, Mainjeni, C.E.D. 1, Msangosoko K.R.1 and Kumwenda, R.L.N.1 Research and Extension Trust (ARET), Private Bag 9, Lilongwe, Malawi 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Introduction Objectives Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf important export crop for Malawi Contributes 60-70% of forex base Contributes 12% to GDP Burley: 85-90% share of all tobacco AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Tobacco: 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Low yield and poor quality leaf Multiple constraints limit productivity ... biotic ... abiotic... socioeconomic AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Root galling Firing, chlorosis and stunting 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Damage on susceptible Burley cultivar often occur together with root-knot nematodes AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum f.sp nicotianae) Damage on susceptible Flue-cured tobacco cultivar 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Granville wilt / Bacterial wilt (Rolstonia solanacearum) AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Angular leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci Tox-) 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Damage on susceptible Fluecured tobacco cultivar 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Brown Spot (Alternaria alternata) yield and quality losses yearly Often together with Fusarium wilt No 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Significant locally-bred resistant burley cultivars Imported sources; unaffordable & unsustainable rotation known to reduce nematodes, but diminishing due to small land holdings Resistance nematodes key to IPM for managing ARET initiated breeding activity in 2009/10 AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Crop develop root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) resistant burley tobacco hybrids with high yield potential and other traits acceptable by the trade Widen AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA choice of varieties with desirable attributes and enhanced productivity through hybrid technology responding to key constraints in tobacco industry 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf To 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Fifty F1 hybrids generated-subjected to preliminary screening in infested hotspots AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Pioneering crosses Susceptible adapted parents crossed with root-knot nematode resistant donors in 2009/10 season 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Screening hotspots •Kandiya •Mwimba Agronomic evaluation in rotated lands KABWAFU •Kandiya •Mwimba •Kabwafu KANDIYA AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA MWIMBA 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Disease screening in hotspots F1 hybrids and 4 checks ( 3 OPVs: KBM 20, KBM 33 and Mkanachikhosi) and BRK4 No topping, de-suckering and reaping AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Design and Plot size RCBD with 3 reps 1 row x 1.2 m x 7.2m long x 12 plants x 0.6m apart Design and Plot size RCBD with 3 reps 2 rows x 1.2 m apart x 7.2m long x 12 plants x 0.6m apart Cultural practices done as recommended for burley by ARET 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Agronomic evaluation in rotated lands 9 promising hybrids and 4 checks (same as earlier) root galls: uprooting each plant, cleaning and assessing nematode root galling at 6 WAT using a 0-10 scale (Bridge and Page 1980) Fusarium wilt infected plants assessed as percentage of row population at 6 WATP Cured Data analysis used ANOVA in Genstat and means separated by LSD test AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA leaf yield Leaf quality parameters (colour and grade out-turn) 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Nematode AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Nematode root gall-rating (0-10) 9 2011/12 P˂0.001 2012/13 P˂0.003 3 2 1 0 Burley Tobacco Cultivars AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 10 2013/14 P˂0.001 8 7 6 5 4 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Nematode root gall-rating (0-10) 9 8 3 2 1 0 Burley Tobacco Cultivars AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 10 P=0.045 7 6 5 4 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Fusarium wilt infected plants (%) 90 2012/13 30 20 10 0 Burley Tobacco Cultivars AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 100 2011/12 2013/14 P˂0.001 80 70 60 50 40 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Fusarium wilt infected plants (%) 20 10 0 Burley Tobacco Cultivar AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Nematode root gall-rating (0-10) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Root-knot nematode Fusarium wilt Fusarium wilt infected plants (%)e AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Burley Tobacco Cultivar 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf ABH 31 at Kandiya Sick plot, 2012/13 season AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA ABH 15 at Kandiya Sick plot, 2012/13 season Cured leaf yield (Kg/ha) 2011/12 2012/13 2500 500 0 Burley Tobacco Cultivar AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 3000 2013/14 P=0.033 2000 1500 1000 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Mkanachikhosi at Kandiya Sick plot, 2012/13 season AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA ABH 43 at Kandiya Sick plot, 2012/13 season Cured leaf yield (Kg/ha) 500 0 Burley Tobacco Cultivar AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2500 2000 1500 1000 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf ABH 31 in rotated lands at Kandiya 2012-13 AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA ABH 12 in rotated lands at Kabwafu, 2012-13 Colour distribution (%) % Buff % Tan 20 10 0 Burley Tobacco Cultivar AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 70 % Red 60 50 40 30 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf % 1st quality % 2nd quality % 3rd quality % 4th quality % 5th quality 40 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Burley Tobacco Cultivar AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Grade out-turn (%) 35 12 was found to be moderately resistant to root-knot nematodes only compared to the rest of the test hybrids ABH AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 43 and ABH 31 consistently combined moderate resistance to rootknot nematodes and Fusarium wilt while the rest of the test hybrids proved as being susceptible 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf ABH hybrids gave comparable cured leaf colour distribution and grade out-turn to the check varieties; KBM 33, KBM 20, Mkanachikhosi and BRK 4. ABH AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA cultivars demonstrated potential for producing equally acceptable leaf grades compared to varieties currently being grown in Malawi 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf ABH 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf ABH 12 was accepted for release as a burley tobacco hybrid moderately resistant to root-knot nematodes while ABH 31 and ABH 43 were accepted for release as burley hybrids moderately resistant to root-knot nematodes and Fusarium wilt in Malawi AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA growers, other smallholder burley tobacco farmers and leaf merchants for their cooperation and participation during testing criticism for input and constructive CORESTA Secretariat to present for the opportunity AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Co-authors 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf Tobacco AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf