CCS100 and CMS100 Control and Monitoring - DICKEY-john

Transcription

TRAINING MANUAL
DICKEY-john TRAINING
CONFERENCE HANDBOOK
Programming, Operating &
Basic Repair Techniques
CCS100 Control
System
CMS100 Monitoring
System
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Table of Contents
Course Objectives ..........................................................................7
Lesson Materials ............................................................................9
Basic Functions of CCS/CMS Systems ......................................11
Overview of System Layout.................................................................. 13
Basic Modes of Operation .................................................................... 19
Developing Constants – Granular System .......................................... 29
Developing Constants – Liquid System .............................................. 33
Developing Constants – Anhydrous Ammonia .................................. 41
Technical Reference Material ............................................................... 47
Commonly Asked Questions ................................................................ 59
Granular Spreader Constant References ............................................ 67
Liquid Sprayer Constant References .................................................. 68
Anhydrous Ammonia Constant References ....................................... 69
Cable Repair Procedures ...................................................................... 70
Troubleshooting Sensors ..................................................................... 74
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WELCOME
DICKEY-john welcomes the opportunity to present this material. It is our pleasure
to provide training on this equipment and to answer any concerns or questions.
With this exchange of information, we can together perform our jobs better.
The main function of this workshop is to allow you to become more acquainted
with these products. It is always a pleasure to serve you – our valued customers.
DICKEY-john believes that the more understanding its customer’s have of a product, the more useful that product becomes.
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Course Objectives
The CCS/CMS100 system is an extremely versatile unit that can be easily
programmed to automatically control the application rates of given products
regardless of changes in vehicle ground speed and also monitor a number of
field conditions. The major purpose of this course is to train you in the operation,
programming, and the performing of minor troubleshooting procedures on the
CCS/CMS100 Control system. When you have completed this course, you will
have learned how to:
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Explain the basic function and use of each system.
Explain the differences between and the functions of both units.
Define sensors required and explain the purpose of each.
Define the use of each touchswitch on the front panel.
Enter the different modes and explain the function of each.
Read and explain the meanings of displayed data.
State the meaning of error messages and how to correct errors.
Understand how to use the cabling diagrams.
Perform basic repair by using simple troubleshooting charts.
Secure aid in the event of a serious problem.
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Lesson Materials
PART 1
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This manual is divided into two separate parts. Part I contains instructional materials to explain basic overall concepts and operating principles of the systems.
Part II contains more detailed reference materials which elaborate certain subjects with more in-depth information. Other information is for reference material
use later. Topics included in this Part are:
Lesson 1:
Basic Function of CCS/CMS Systems.
Lesson 2:
Overview of System Layout.
Lesson 3:
Basic Modes of Operation.
Lesson 4:
Developing Constants – Granular System.
Lesson 5:
Developing Constants – Liquid System.
Lesson 6:
Developing Constants – Anhydrous Ammonia.
Lesson 7:
Common Operator Problems Encountered.
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Basic Functions of CCS/CMS Systems
Topics:
LESSON 1
The CCS and CMS units are often
connected together into one control
system. Sensors develop status signals
which are delivered through cabling to
the two consoles for processing and
monitoring. Output drive signals from
the CCS100 control the application
rate of the product. Input signals to the
CMS100 monitor operating conditions.
1.
2.
3.
Overall System Function
Sensors Required and Options Available
System Configurations
The CCS100 and CMS100 consoles units are both microprocessor controlled
containing similar circuitry but performing different functions. The major difference
between the units is designed into the internal program of the microprocessor.
The operator must complete the programming process in the field by entering a
few constants upon which the microprocessor acts to calculate its performance.
Once the two units are properly programmed, the system (both units) automatically controls (CCS100) the application rate of the product and also monitors
(CMS100) speed and area information. Automatic application starts when the
vehicle begins to move, varies as ground speed changes and stops when the
vehicle ceases moving. The product application rate is controlled as long as the
ground speed is within the specified speed range of the system.
In this lesson, you will learn how to:
Function of the CCS Console
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Define the basic function of
the CCS unit.
Define the basic function of
the CMS unit.
Use both units together in
one system
Configure a basic granular
spreader control system.
Configure a liquid sprayer
control system.
Configure an anhydrous
ammonia control system.
The CCS100 Custom Control System is a versatile device that can be installed
as either a granular spreader, NH3 or liquid system. It can then be programmed
to automatically control the application rate of a given product. That rate of application remains constant throughout the field regardless of any changes in the
vehicle ground speed.
Function of the CMS Console
The CMS100 Custom Monitoring System is a monitoring device that is usually installed as a companion unit to the CCS100 system for displaying additional information. The unit utilizes the same sensor signals as the CCS100 console to develop status readouts. The additional information displayed is for ground speed,
field area, total area, area per hour, distance (footage counter), field product, total
product, product level, application rate, product sensor output, and an auxiliary
sensor output. The CMS100 unit normally connects to a control system’s sensors
through an addition of a “Y” cable which parallels the sensor input signals.
The CMS100 also can operate as a stand alone unit to monitor speed/area functions provided the CCS100 main harness and ground speed sensor are installed
on the vehicle.
·
The CMS100 console can be used alone to monitor speed/area provided
the harness and sensors are available.
Three Basic Configurations
The two console units are installed in one of three basic configurations. The
CMS100 unit is connected to each system via a Y-cable.
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Putting It Together:
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The CCS100 console controls the
application rate and the CMS100
console monitors speed/area functions.
The two consoles use signals from
the same sensors and are connected in parallel to share those signals.
The CCS100 console can be used
interchangeably between a liquid
sprayer system and an anhydrous
ammonia system by changing one
constant location.
1. A Granular Spreader Control System consists of five major components; (1) control console(s) with a switch module, (2) a hydraulic control
valve and vale driver, (3) a ground speed sensor, (4) an application rate
sensor, and (5) an optional hopper level sensor or fan sensor. The two
consoles are installed within the vehicle cab. The hydraulic control vale is
installed in the hydraulic line to the conveyor motor to regulate the motor
rate. The ground speed sensor senses the miles per hour (MPH) speed
of the vehicle. One of three types of ground speed sensors is installed;
(1) in-line speedometer drive sensor, (2) magnetic wheel sensor, or (3)
radar velocity sensor. The application rate sensor is installed on a shaft
that rotates at a proportional rate to the conveyor speed.
2. A Liquid Sprayer Control System consists of only four major components;
(1) control console(s) with a switch module, (2) liquid control valve, (3)
ground speed sensor, and (4) a pressure sensor. The CCS100 console
compares these input signals to a desired application rate as programmed by the operator and develops a proper output drive signal to
the servo control valve to maintain uniform application rate.
3. An Anhydrous Ammonia Control System consists of five major components; (1) control console(s) with a switch module, (2) control valve, (3)
flow-meter, (4) thermal transfer unit(s), and (5) a ground speed sensor. A
vapor detector and implement switch may also be used. When installed
on an Anhydrous Ammonia Applicator, the flow of the product varies automatically in proportion to ground speed changes, keeping the application rate uniform throughout the field.
Basic Cabling Harnesses
The CCS100 and CMS100 consoles are connected to the required group of sensors through cabling harnesses. These harnesses deliver the sensor input signals to the consoles as well as return drive signals for controlling the application
rate of the product. Several different sets of harnesses are employed depending
upon the type of vehicle and the configuration of the system involved (See Lesson 2).
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Overview of System Layout
Topics:
Lesson 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Harness Functions
Granular System Harness Layout
Liquid System Harness Layout
CMS100 Configurations
Extension Cable Use
The CCS100 and CMS100 units are
connected to their sensors through
cabling. The cables used and the
number of sensors required are determined by the system specifications
and the vehicle on which the system
is installed.
Harness Configurations
In order to meet the needs of a number of applications and to remain versatile,
a number of harnesses and extensions are available. Variations to any of these
harness arrangements are made by adding extension cables to reach extended
lengths. Also, three truck harness are available for use when only the CMS100
console is installed.
In this lesson, you will learn how
to:
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Select cabling for a granular
spreader system.
Select cabling for a liquid sprayer
system.
Select cabling for an anhydrous ammonia system.
Select cabling for specific CMS100
applications.
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Typical Granular System Configuration
Harness
Extension
Hopper Level
Sensor
Application Rate
Sensor
Hydraulic Control
Valve
Valve Actuator
Driver Module
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Hopper Level
Sensor
Pressure
Transducer
Connector
o o
Fan RPM
Sensor
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Typical Liquid System Configuration for Pull Type Sprayer
Extension
Cable
Implement
Harness
Extension
Cable
Valve Actuator
Driver Module
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Extension
Cable
Pressure
Transducer
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Liquid System with Truck Harness Configuration
Extension
Cable
Pressure
Transducer
Valve Actuator
Driver Module
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Extension
Cable
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Typical Anhydrous Ammonia System Configuration
Hardware
Kit
Thermal Transfer
Unit
Extension
Cable
Implement
Harness
Valve Actuator
Driver Module
Flow
Meter
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Extension
Cable
Vapor
Detector
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Basic Modes of Operation
Topics:
LESSON 3
When power is applied to the system, both the CCS100 and CMS100
units come up in the OPERATE
mode ready to go. The OPERATE
mode of the system is discussed in
the lesson and the SETUP mode to
enter constants is discussed in the
next lesson.
to:
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Turn power on to both the CCS100
and the CMS100 console units.
Use the Switch Module.
Define the function of the Basic
“OPERATE” mode for both units.
Define the function of the Basic
“SETUP” mode for both units.
Define the purpose of the constants for both the CCS100 and
the CMS100.
Enter Constants into the memory
of both units.
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Similarity Between CCS100 and CMS100 Units
Use of the Switch Module
Applying Power
Defining and Using the “OPERATE” Mode
Defining and Using the “SETUP” Mode
Definition of All Switches
Meaning of Display Panel Messages
Console Similarities
Both the CCS100 and CMS100 are very similar in appearance and basic operation. Each unit has its own power switch, located to the right side, an LCD display
for reading data, and three touchswitches to select and control the various functions of the system. Both the CCS100 and CMS100 consoles employ two basic
modes of operations – OPERATE and SETUP. These two modes are controlled
by the three touchswitches across the lower portion of the console front. Each
touchswitch contains two legends. The supper legend identifies the OPERATE
mode and the lower legend identifies the SETUP mode. The OPERATE mode
selects normal field operation and the SETUP mode allows for entering constants
into memory which actually control the desired rate of product application. If you
are familiarizing yourself for the first time on installed equipment, simply make
sure no product is loaded into the tank or hopper.
Turning On System Power
To turn power onto the system, switch the power switch to the ON position on
the front (right side) of each console. Whenever power is turned on, both consoles come up in the OPERATE mode, ready to go. It is important to note that
the CMS100 also receives power through the vehicle ignition switch. If either the
power switch or the ignition switch is off, the display indicates “OFF”.
Operating the System
Each time power is applied through the ignition switch and the power switch
to each console, the alarm sounds briefly and each display shows all display
segments for approximately one second. For the next second, the programmed
value for the application rate is displayed. If the CCS100 is in the P mode, the
high and low speed and pressure ranges are also displayed. Following this, the
CCS100 enters the OPERATE mode and displays the current application rate
which remains zero until the vehicle begins to move to produce a ground speed.
If the display on the CCS100 should show “OFF”, the OFF/AUTO/FLUSH switch
on the switch module is in the AUTO position. Simply change it to OFF. The
CMS100 also enters it’s OPERATE mode. If the display on the CMS100 shows
“OFF”, either the power switch or the ignition switch is not turned on.
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Using the CCS100 Console in the OPERATE Mode
Once in the OPERATE mode, the display indicates pounds (or gallons for liquid
system) per acre. The OPERATE mode touchswitches for “+” and “-“ increase
or decrease the application rate by a specified increment as programmed into
memory. Anytime the application rate increments from the targeted rate, the displayed value per acre flashes. If either the “+” or “-” touchswitches are depressed
to change the application rate, the displayed value begins to flash. To return to
the target application rate, depress the OPER touchswitch and the display stops
flashing. Also note each valid touchswitch closure initiates a short tone burst from
the alarm.
Using the Switch Module
The switch module functions in conjunction with the CCS100 console to control
the product output of the system. A three position switch on the switch module
overrides the output commands of the CCS100 unit. The OFF position provides a
control valve shut-off command to the control console. The AUTO position allows
the console automatic control of the system. In this position, the application rate
is controlled by the ground speed. When the switch is held in the FLUSH position (spring loaded), the control valve is driven open to a predetermined flow rate.
This action purges the system. In the SETUP mode, the switch module switch
performs no function.
CCS100 Console with Switch Module
Using the CMS100 Console in the Operate Mode
Once in the OPERATE mode, a triangular shaped pointer near the upper or lower
edge of the display points to the monitored function. The function’s current value
is shown by the 6-digit display. Depressing the center touchswitch moves the
pointer to the right. The current value for each monitored function is indicated on
the display. By repeat
edly depressing the center touchswitch (right pointing arrow), the pointer travels
from left to right across the digital display. The left touchswitch (left pointing arrow) performs the same function except in reverse order.
The right touchswitch (RESET) resets the following functions to zero when selected; (1) Field Area, (2) Total Area, (3) Field Product, (4) Total Product. It also
serves to initialize or set Product Level to the programmed tank (or hopper) level
full value. To reset, depress and hold the RESET touchswitch for approximately
three seconds.
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CMS100 Console
Up to eleven functions are monitored by the CMS100 unit. Definitions for these
functions are outlined below.
SPEED – Vehicle ground speed in MPH (kph).
FIELD AREA – Accumulated area in acres (hectares) the vehicle has covered
since the last reset. This function keeps a daily record of the area covered. Up
to 999999 acres (hectares) can be accumulated before the counter rolls over to
zero. If the optional CCS100 implement switch is installed, accumulation occurs
only when the spreader is engaged. When the switch module is in the OFF position, accumulation is also stopped. When the accumulation is inhibited, the check
mark, on the lower left edge of the display, is displayed. Accumulated data is
retained in memory when the console is turned off.
TOTAL AREA – Total accumulated area in acres (hectares) the vehicle has
covered since the counter was last reset. This function operates the same as for
Field Area above.
AREA/HR – Displays acres (hectares) per hour.
DISTANCE – Displays distance traveled in feet (or meters) the vehicle has traveled between the counter start and stop cycle. Up to 999999 feet (meters) can
be accumulated before the counter rolls over to zero. The counter can be started
and stopped by momentarily depressing the RESET touchswitch. Holding the
RESET touchswitch depressed for approximately 3 second will reset the counter
to zero.
FIELD PRODUCT – Displays the accumulated pounds (kilograms) or gallons
applied. This function is useful in keeping record of the amount of product applied
per field or per day.
TOTAL PRODUCT – Displays accumulated pounds (kilograms) or gallons applied. This function may keep a record of the total amount of product applied per
season (year) up to 999999 pounds (kilograms).
PRODUCT LEVEL – Displays the pounds (kilograms) for granular or NH3 system
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or gallons (liters) for liquid system of product remaining. Each time the hopper
or tank is filled, the Product Level must be reset to the value of the programmed
constant.
APPL RATE – Displays CCS to direct the operator to the CCS100 console for
the application rate.
PRODUCT SENSOR – Displays the RPM of a 360 slot application rate sensor
input shaft when used on a granular system. If used on a liquid system or a NH3
system, the output of the pressure transducer or flow meter is displayed. When
the CMS100 is used on a granular system with the CCS100, the display normally
shows zero (no sensor input). On a sprayer control system, the display indicates
pressure at the pressure transducer in psi (bars). On anhydrous ammonia applicator control, the display shows the frequency output of the flow meter.
Auxiliary SENSOR – Displays the output of an auxiliary sensor, such as fan
RPM on a flow based granular system. When used with the CCS100 Sprayer
Control System (pressure based), this display is skipped. For a CCS100 Anhydrous Ammonia Applicator Control System (flow based), this display normally
shows a zero (no sensor input).
APPLICATION RATE SENSOR REVOLUTION COUNTER – The Console can
be programmed to count 360 output cycles per revolution application rate sensor when installed on the conveyor drive shaft. The PRODUCT (Field and Total)
readouts accumulate and display the counted revolutions. To count application
rate sensor revolutions, proceed as follows:
1. Enter the SETUP Mode
2. Set DENSITY Constant (location C1) to .2778.
3. Set SPREADER Constant (location CZ) to .0579.
4. Return to the OPERATE Mode. The PRODUCT Readouts (Field and Total)
displays application rate sensor revolutions. To reset the PRODUCT readouts to zero, depress and hold the RESET touchswitch for approximately 3
seconds.
IMPORTANT: Steps 1 through 4 are for a 360 output cycles per
revolution Application Rate Sensor installed on the Conveyor Drive
Shaft.
0350
If the Application Rate Sensor is installed at a location other than the Conveyor
Drive Shaft the Density Constant (C1) value to be used must be determined as
follows:
DENSITY CONSTANT =
100 (GEAR RATIO)
Number of Sensor Output Cycles Per Rev.
Where: GEAR RATIO =
CONVEYOR DRIVE SHAFT REV.
APP RATE SENSOR SHAFT REV.
Entering the Setup Mode
In order for either the CCS100 console or the CMS100 console to make cor
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rect calculations, certain constants must be placed into the memory of each
unit. These constants are known values for the specific system being used and
are necessary for the microprocessor to calculate accurately from the signals
received by the system sensors. In the next lesson details of how constants are
obtained is discussed. It is very important that you understand the definition of
each constant and how the value of each is determined at that time. Once understood and the correct values are obtained, programming the constants becomes
a simple matter.
Entering Constants into the CCS100 Memory
After power is applied to the system, both the CCS100 and CMS100 units come
up in the OPERATE mode. To enter the SETUP mode, simply depress and hold
the OPER/SETUP touchswitch for approximately three seconds. The SETUP
mode is entered when the word message SETUP in the upper right hand corner
of the display begins flashing and a single bargraph segment (pointer) appears
under the “A” of the setup scale.
1. Refer to the Constants Decal located on the top of the console. The two
Decals illustrated in the left column on the next page are for explanation
purposes only and probably differ significantly from the one on your system.
You must use the decal on your system when entering constants in order to
match the SETUP POS. (pointer location) to the CONSTANTS description.
The Constants Decal consists of basic two columns – SETUP POS and
CONSTANTS. The SETUP POS column shows a letter to denote the position of the pointer (bargraph segment) on the setup scale and the CONSTANTS column shows the name of the constant to be entered.
2. With the setup pointer under the “A” position for a liquid sprayer or anhydrous ammonia system, the display indicates P, Pn, or F. Depress the right
touchswitch (0-9) and note the display increments through those three letters. If your system is a liquid sprayer, leave it in the “P” position. If it is an
ammonia system, leave it in the “F” position.
3. If your system is either a sprayer or anhydrous ammonia, increment to the B
position, “APPLICATION RATE”, by depressing the OPER/SETUP touchswitch. Proceed to Step 4.
SAMPLE DECAL FOR SPRAYER/ANHYDROUS AMMONIA SYSTEMS
SPRAYER
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SETUP
POS.
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA
CONSTANTS
SETUP
POS.
CONSTANTS
A
P or Pn
A
F
B
APPLICATION RATE
B
APPLICATION RATE
C
APPLICATION RATE +/-
C
D
NOZZLE SPACING
D
IMPLEMENT WIDTH
E
NOZZLE CAPACITY PRESSURE
E
DENSITY
F
NOZZLE FLOW CAPACITY
F
FLOW SENSOR CONSTANT
G
FLUSH PRESSURE
G
FLUSH FLOW RATE ( 10)
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H
BARGRAPH MAX. FLOW RATE
(-10)
CONVERSION FACTOR
H
I
ZERO PRESSURE CALIBRATION
I
SYSTEM RESPONSE
J
SYSTEM RESPONSE
J
GROUND SPEED CALIBRATION
A
NOZZLE MONITOR SET
B
C
PRESSURE LIMITS SET
4. With the setup pointer under the “A” position for a granular spreader system
or B position for liquid or ammonia systems, the display shows a four digit
number representing the existing programmed APPLICATION RATE. The
left most digit should be flashing. Depress the center (left/right character)
touchswitch and note that the digit to the right of the left most digit begins to
flash. Repeatedly depress and release the center touchswitch and note the
flashing digit moves from left to right across the display. The flashing digit
indicates the one that changes if the right (0-9) touchswitch is depressed.
Depressing the right (0-9) touchswitch causes the flashing digit to increase
value by one count. Repeatedly depressing and releasing the touchswitch
causes the flashing digit to sequence from digits 0 (zero) through 9 (nine).
Depress and hold the center (left/right character) touchswitch and the decimal point sequences from right to left. When the decimal point is not shown
on the display the four digits represent a whole number. The actual value of
the constant depends on the placement of the decimal point.
SAMPLE DECAL FOR GRANULAR SPREADER
SETUP POS.
A
24
CONSTANTS
APPLICATION RATE
B
C
SPREAD WIDTH
D
DENSITY
E
SPREADER CONSTANT
F
SPREADER FLUSH FLOW RATE
G
BARGRAPH MAXIMUM FLOW
H
SYSTEM RESPONSE
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5. The above basic procedure sets individual digits and decimal point so the
desired value of the four digit constant is entered into memory and displayed
on the readout. The remaining constants are entered in the same fashion.
To familiarize yourself with the constant locations, repeatedly depress the
OPER touchswitch while referring to your systems Constants Decal. Note
that the cursor increments to each SETUP POS shown on the Decal. Also
note that if the SETUP POS exceeds “J” (anhydrous and liquid systems) the
pointer returns to the “A” position, reverses (inverts) and becomes the segment that is turned off instead of the segment that is turned on. This is noted
on the decal by inverted (white) type.
When first entering the GROUND SPEED CALIBRATION location (as
shown on the Decal) the display shows four digits with one digit flashing.
This location is used to manually enter a known constant or an average of
several calibration procedures. Depressing the OPER touchswitch, causes
all four digits to flash. This location is used to perform the Ground Speed
Calibration procedures as described in the CONSTANTS lesson later.
1. After reaching the last constant shown on the decal, depressing the OPER
touchswitch returns to the first constant location (pointer under SETUP
POS. A). Each constant location can be displayed in sequence again and
again by continually depressing the OPER touchswitch. This cycle can
continue until the SETUP mode is exited by depressing holding the OPER
touchswitch for approximately 3 seconds.
Entering Constants into the CMS100 Memory
Entering the SETUP mode on the CMS100 is very similar as to the CCS100.
Whenever power is applied to the system, the CMS100 unit comes up in the OPERATE mode. Remember, both the ignition and power switch must be turned on
for the unit to operate. After power is on, the SETUP mode is entered by depressing and holding SETUP touchswitch (left touchswitch) for approximately three
seconds. The SETUP mode is entered as soon as the two left digits showing C0
or C1 and the colon begin flashing. If neither the C0 or C1 is displayed, refer to
the Constants Decal supplied with the unit.
SPEED
AREA
FIELD TOTAL
/HR
DISTANCE
C 1 1.0 0 0
FIELD TOTAL LEVEL APPL
RATE
PRODUCT
DISPLAY
PRODUCT AUX
SENSOR
ON
OFF
RESET
9
SETUP
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R
DjCMS100
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1. Refer to the Constants Decal located on the top of the console. The Constants Decal illustrated below is for explanation purposes only and may
differ significantly from the one on your system. You must use the decal on
your system when entering constants in order to match the SETUP POS.
(pointer location) to the CONSTANTS description. If your system is a granular spreader, go to step 5.
2. If C0 is displayed and flashing on the left two digits of the display, an F, P, or
FF should be shown on the right. Depress the right touchswitch (0-9) several times and note the display increments through F, P, and FF.
3. Refer to the Constants Decal and notice that the SETUP NO. C0 in the
SPRAYER CONSTANTS column shows P and the ANHYDROUS AMMONIA CONSTANTS column shows F. When P is selected, the SETUP NO.
and CONSTANTS to be entered are shown in the Sprayer Column. The FF
is not used.
SPRAYER
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA
SETUP
NO.
CONSTANTS
SETUP NO.
CONSTANTS
C0
P
C0
F
C1
CONVERSION FACTOR
C1
DENSITY
C2
SUM OF NOZZLE CAPACITIES
C2
FLOW SENSOR CONSTANT
C4
NOZZLE CAPACITY PRESSURE
C6
TANK LEVEL-FULL (÷10)
C5
PRESSURE SENSOR OFFSET
C7
TANK ALARM LEVEL (÷10)
C6
TANK LEVEL-FULL (÷10)
U2
VOLUME UNITS CONSTANT
C7
TANK ALARM LEVEL (÷10)
U6
U2
VOLUME UNITS CONSTANT
E0
APPLICATOR SWITCH SENSE
U6
E1
APPLICATOR SECTION 1
E0
BOOM SWITCH SENSE
E2
E1
BOOM SECTION 1
E3
E2
BOOM SECTION 2
E4
E3
BOOM SECTION 3
E5
E4
BOOM SECTION 4
E6
E5
BOOM SECTION 5
E6
BOOM SECTION 6
GRANULAR SPREADER
26
SETUP POS.
CONSTANTS
C1
PRODUCT DENSITY
C2
SPREADER CONSTANT
C6
HOPPER LEVEL - FULL
C7
HOPPER ALARM LEVEL
C8
FAN SENSOR CONSTANT
U6
E1
SPREAD WIDTH A
E2
SPREAD WIDTH B
E3
SPREAD WIDTH C
L0
FAN LOW SPEED LIMIT
L1
FAN HIGH SPEED LIMIT
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4. Press the SETUP touchswitch (left side) and note the left two digits increment to C1. The right four digits contain the current value with the most
significant digit flashing.
5. With C1 displayed, depress the center touchswitch and note that the digit
to the right of the most significant digit begins to flash. Repeatedly depress
and release the center (left/right character) touchswitch and note that the
flashing digit moves from left to right across the display. The flashing digit
indicates to the operator the digit that changes when the right touchswitch
(0-9) is depressed. Depress the touchswitch and the flashing digit increases
value by one count. Repeatedly depress and release the right touchswitch
and note that the flashing digit sequences digits 0 (zero) through 9 (nine).
The value of the digit is as shown on the display.
Depress and hold the center (left/right character) touchswitch and the decimal point sequences from right to left. When the decimal point is not shown,
the 4 digits comprise a whole number. The value of the constant depends
on the placement of the decimal point.
6. To familiarize yourself with the locations of the constants, repeatedly depress the SETUP (left) touchswitch and while referring to your systems Constants Decal, note that the left 2 digits of the display shows the SETUP NO.
Note that when you first enter U6 – GROUND SPEED CAL Location (as
shown on the display) the right 4 digits show the constants current value
with the most significant digit flashing. This location is used to enter a known
constant or an average of several calibration procedures. Depress the
SETUP touchswitch, the right 4 digits all begin to flash. This location is used
when performing the Ground Speed Calibration procedure.
Putting it together:
•
•
•
Both the CCS100 and the
CMS100 have two basic modes
– OPERATE and SETUP
OPERATE Mode – Used for field
operation
SETUP Mode – Used to enter
constants for the microprocessor
to calculate upon.
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
When reaching the last constant location as shown on the Constant Decal,
depressing the SETUP touchswitch results in the first constant location being displayed. Each constant location can be displayed in sequence again
and again by depressing the SETUP touchswitch. This cycle continues until
the SETUP Mode is exited by depressing and holding the SETUP touchswitch for approximately 3 seconds.
27
TRAINING MANUAL
Common Operator Problems
The following is a list of commonly encountered problems.
Until you become familiar with the
basic functions of the CCS and CMS,
small problems can be very disturbing. A little time spent now to understand a few simple oversights can
minimize frustrations later.
In this lesson, you will learn how to:
•
•
•
Recognize basic faults and oversight.
Correct basic problems.
Know when the problem is beyond
a simple solution.
Console won’t turn on.
·
Bad fuse or no battery voltage. Check the fuse first and then the battery
voltage to the unit.
·
Battery terminal corrosion may be the cause.
Console reads “OFF”
·
Switch module switch is in the AUTO position when console was powered up. Change the switch to OFF position.
·
Switch module unplugged from harness.
·
Console left in AUTO with no ground speed signal seen after 60 seconds.
·
Console went from the SETUP mode to OPERATE mode with switch in
the AUTO position.
Alarm sounds continuously/Fragmented Display Segments
·
Battery voltage low (below 8.5V).
SET UP on the console display is flashing
·
Console is in setup mode. To get to OPERATE mode, depress and hold
OPER/SETUP touchswitch until the SETUP message turns off (approximately 3 seconds).
Alarm sounds (Beeps)
·
Normal alarm condition for application error (Valve wide open).
·
Switch module is in the AUTO or FLUSH position and control valve is
wide open. Check shaft speed sensor.
Display shows APER
·
Console doesn’t see fast enough shaft speed for the speed you are driving. Change speed and also check the hydraulic oil flow.
System won’t run in AUTO
·
Vehicle must be moving for the system to run in AUTO. Check to see if it
runs in FLUSH.
Alarm beeps and display shows APER
·
Control valve is wide open whenever APER message is displayed.
Blockage is caused by something other than the system or control valve.
Manual or electric valves closed. Tank empty or faulty pump.
Display shows .0 and bargraph area is blank
·
No or very low ground speed for programmed application rate. Possible
bad speed sensor or speed sensor setup position I (90o).
28
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Developing Constants – Granular System
LESSON 4
The console requires constants (fixed
numbers) to accurately compute
displayed information and to control
the application rate of the product. It
is very important to understand what
constants are required and how to
arrive at the correct numbers (constants) for programming (entering
into memory) the console.
to:
•
•
Define a constant for both the
CCS100 and the CMS100 console
units.
Determine accurate values to enter
into memory.
Constants are entered into the Setup Mode Memory locations of the CCS100 to
describe the vehicle capabilities to the control console. The console uses these
values (numbers) to accurately compute the application rate of the product. It is
therefore very important that you understand what constants are required and
how to arrive at the correct numbers (constants) for programming (entering into
memory) the console. When entering numbers, the decimal point can always be
positioned as desired.
Determining CCS100 Constants
Application Rate – The application rate is the volume of product to be applied per unit of area; pounds per acre (kilograms per hectare). The amount
must be within the delivery capabilities of your System.
Application Rate +/- (change-on-the-go) – This value allows the operator the option of increasing or decreasing the application rate by a specified
amount, while moving through the field. This value is the desired increment
of change in pounds per acre (kilograms per hectare).
SPREAD WIDTH – The spread width constant is the width of the spread
pattern in feet (meters).
DENSITY – The density constant is the product weight in pounds (kilograms) per cubic foot (liter).
SPREADER CONSTANT – The spreader constant instructs the console
the volume of material for discharging from the spreader at a particular feed
gate setting. It is a ratio between the amount of material discharged through
the gate and the application rate sensor output (cycles per cubic inch). Each
feed gate setting must have its own spreader constant.
If the Spreader Discharge Factor (SDF) is supplied by the spreader manufacturer in cubic feet per conveyor drive shaft revolution for each gate setting, the spreader constant can be determined using the following formula:
Spreader Constant = (.2038) (Gear Ratio)
SDF
Where:
Gear Ratio is the ratio between the sensor shaft revolutions and
the conveyor drive shaft revolutions.
The spreader constant for each gate height setting must be calculated.
Spreader Flush Flow Rate – This constant establishes the rate in pounds
(kilograms) per hour the material discharge rate the spreader attains when
the OFF/AUTO/FLUSH switch is held in the FLUSH position. The desired
value must be divided by ten before entering into memory.
Example: The factory entered value is 3000 which means the FLUSH discharge rate is 30,000 pounds (kilograms) per hour.
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Bargraph Maximum Flow – This constant sets the full scale value of the
bargraph display. The units are pounds (kilograms) per hour. A recommended value is two times the normal pounds (kilograms) per hour output resulting in the bargraph functioning at mid-range.
The normal flow rate value is calculated as follows:
For U.S.
For Metric
Fr= (APR)(MPH)(W)(.1212)
Fr= (APR)(KPH)(W)(.1212)
Where: Fr = Flow rate in lbs/hr
APR = Application Rate in lbs/acre
MPH = Miles per hour
W = Spread pattern width in feet
Where: Fr = Flow rate in Kg/hr
APR = Application Rate in Kg/hectare
KPH = Kilometers per hour
W = Spread pattern width in meters
After the number is determined, multiply the calculated normal flow rate
times two and then round off the results to nearest thousand. The final value
to be entered into memory must be divided by 10.
System Response – This number affects the control valve response time
as well as the steady operation accuracy. When set correctly, the control
system responds to a change in ground speed by repositioning the control
valve with a slight overshoot and without causing oscillation around the new
product flow rate.
The System Response Constant is factory set to 3.0 as a beginning point.
During field operation, if one of the following symptoms is observed the
value should be changed in the direction described.
1. If the console display fluctuates above and below the targeted application
rate by a large amount (10% to 20%), this indicates that the System Response Constant is too large and should be decreased in value (see Note
below).
2. If the console display is slow in responding to a change in ground speed or
application rate (change-on-the-go) or it stabilizes at some indication other
than the targeted application rate, this indicates that the System Response
Constant is too small and should be increased in value (see Note below).
NOTE: Change the value by .5 count in the indicated direction. Repeat
procedure until the control system operates to satisfaction. For fine tuning,
values in .1 (tenths) may be entered. For example, 2.5 rather than 2 or 3.
GROUND SPEED CALIBRATION – This constant is a number that matches
the ground speed sensor to the control console. To obtain the correct constant, the vehicle is driven over a measured course while performing the
following procedure.
IMPORTANT: The ground speed calibration constant has two entry methods: (1)
manually entering a known value and (2) performing the calibration procedure.
The manual entry location is the first entered when the pointer increments to
SETUP POS. I and is identified by a single digit flashing. This entry method is
30
CCS100 & CMS100
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TRAINING MANUAL
used to enter an average that is obtained by performing the calibration procedure
several times. Averaging of the calibration procedure numbers enhances the accuracy of the vehicle ground speed. Touching the SETUP switch advances to the
second method and it is identified by all four digits flashing on the display. The
ground speed calibration constant is determined as follows:
1. Measure a 400 ft. (122 meter) infield course (preferably on level ground).
Mark the start and finish points so the course is plainly visible from the cab
as you drive past.
2. System must be in SETUP mode with the pointer in the second ground
speed calibration position (all digits flashing).
3. Drive up to the start of marked course at a slow (minimum of 2 mph) (km/h)
operating speed.
4. When even with the start marker, touch the center “-“ (minus) touchswitch.
The display readout should go to 0 (zero) then start counting up as you are
moving.
5. Continue to drive the measured course at a constant speed. When even
with the finish marker, touch the center “-“ (minus) touchswitch again.
6. The Ground Speed Calibration number will be displayed on the console’s
readout. Record this number for future reference.
IMPORTANT: It is recommended that the above ground speed calibration procedure be repeated 3 or 4 times and the displayed numbers averaged. Enter the
resulting average in console memory using the manual entry method.
Determining CMS100 Constants
These constants must be entered into the memory locations of the CMS100 so
that accurate computations regarding area and product accumulations can be
made. Some of the constant values are the same as used in the CCS100 console.
C1. PRODUCT DENSITY – This constant is the product weight in pounds (kilograms) per cubic foot (liter). Same as entered for the CCS100 – DNEISTY
Constant Setup Position.
C2. SPREADER CONSTANT – This is a number that tells the console the
volume of material that is discharged from the spreader at a particular
feed gate setting. It is the ratio between the amount of material discharged
through the gate and the application rate sensor output (cycles per cubic
inch). Each feed gate setting must have its own spreader constant. This
constant value is the same as entered in the CCS100 Spreader Constant
Setup Position.
C6. HOPPER LEVEL-FULL – This constant is the total number of pounds (kilograms) contained in the spreader hopper divided by 10 (ten). Example: If
your hopper contained 4000 pounds (kilograms), your Hopper Level-Full
constant would be 400.
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C7. HOPPER ALARM LEVEL – This constant is the hopper level at which the
alarm sounds divided by 10 (ten). Example: If you desire an alarm with 500
pounds (kilograms) left in the hopper, you Hopper Alarm Level constant
would be 50. To disable the alarm, set this constant to 0000.
C8. FAN SENSOR CONSTANT – This constant is a number that tells the console the number of sensor cycles per revolution of the sensed shaft.
FAN SENSOR CONSTANT =
60
Number of sensed points
Where:
Number of sensed points = The number of Magnet pole pairs, Gear teeth, or Bolt
Heads per shaft revolution.
U6. GROUND SPEED CALIBRATION – This matches the ground speed sensor
to the console and is the same value as the CCS100 constant.
E1 through E3.
SPREAD WIDTH A, B and C – The spread width constants give the monitoring system the capabilities of accumulating area depending on the number of active spreader booms.
If your Spreader is not divided in sections, enter the spread width in feet
(meters) in E1. If your spreader has more than one section, enter each
section spread width in feet or meters beginning with E1. All unused spread
width constants must be set to 0000.
L0. FAN LOW SPEED LIMIT – This constant is the RPM at which an alarm is
desired if the sensed fan slows down.
L1. FAN HIGH SPEED LIMIT – This constant is the RPM at which an alarm is
desired if the sensed fan speeds up.
32
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Developing Constants – Liquid System
LESSON 5
arrive at the correct numbers (constants) for programming (entering
into memory) the console.
to:
•
•
units.
into memory.
describe the sprayer vehicle capabilities to the control console. The console uses
these values (numbers) to accurately compute the application rate of the product.
It is therefore very important that you understand what constants are required
and how to arrive at the correct numbers (constants) for programming (entering
into memory) the console. When entering numbers, the decimal point can always
be positioned as desired. All constants must be entered before the system will
function, including the ground speed calibration.
A. P, Pn or F – Select P for sprayer (pressure based system), Pn for sprayer with
nozzle monitor.
B. APPLICATION RATE – This value is the volume of product to be applied per
unit of area; gallons per acre (liters per hectare). The value must be within the
delivery capabilities of the sprayer system.
The decimal point may be positioned as required. Depress and hold the center touchswitch and note that the decimal begins to sequence from right to left.
The value of the constant depends on the placement of the decimal point.
Example: An application rate of 20 gallons per acre can be entered as:
20.00 or 020.0 or 0020
C. APPLICATION RATE +/- (change-on-the-go) – This value is the desired
increment of change in gallons per acre (liters per hectare) and allows the
operator the option of increasing or decreasing the application rate by a specified increment, while moving through the field.
D. NOZZLE SPACING – The nozzle spacing is the distance in inches (meters)
between nozzles on the spray bar for broadcast operations. The value to enter
is determined by measuring the distance between nozzles to nearest 1/10
inch.
Example: 25 inch nozzle spacing can be entered as:
25.00 or 025.0 or 0025
E. NOZZLE (Capacity) PRESSURE – This constant is the reference liquid pressure in psi at which the nozzle flow (capacity) constant is obtained.
F. NOZZLE FLOW (Capacity) – The flow of one nozzle in gallons per minute at
the corresponding nozzle reference pressure.
The Nozzle Pressure and Nozzle Flow constants are obtained from your
Nozzle Manufacturer’s Specification Sheet. Refer to the section of the specification sheet containing the nozzle data for the nozzles that you have selected
to use. The nozzle data will normally list several pressures with the corresponding nozzle flow. Select the pressure and nozzle flow that are closest to
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33
TRAINING MANUAL
the pressure you anticipate the spray bar to have when operating. Enter these
values for the nozzle pressure and nozzle flow constants.
Capacity
Liquid
1 Nozzle
NOZPressure in in
ZLE NO. PSI
GPM
Example:
GALLONS PER ACRE
Capac20” NOZZLE SPACING
30” NOZZLE SPACING
ity 1
Nozzle in
7
7
8
oz./min. 5 MPH 6 MPH MPH 8 MPH 5 MPH 6 MPH MPH MPH
30
12
15
6.9
5.7
4.9
4.3
4.6
3.8
3.3
2.9
40
13
17
8.0
6.6
5.7
5.0
5.3
4.4
3.6
3.3
50
15
19
8.9
7.4
6.4
5.6
5.9
4.9
4.2
3.7
60
16
20
9.7
8.1
7.0
6.1
6.5
5.4
4.6
4.1
30
17
22
10.3
8.6
7.3
6.4
6.9
5.7
4.9
4.3
40
20
26
11.9
9.9
8.5
7.4
7.9
6.6
5.7
4.9
50
22
28
13.3
11.1
9.5
8.3
8.9
7.4
6.3
5.5
60
24
31
14.6
12.1
10.4
9.1
9.7
8.1
6.9
6.1
30
26
33
15.4
12.9
11.0
9.6
10.3
8.5
7.3
6.4
40
30
38
17.8
14.9
12.7
11.1
11.9
9.9
8.5
7.4
50
34
44
19.9
16.6
14.2
12.5
13.3
11.1
9.5
8.3
60
37
47
22
18.2
5.6
13.6
14.6
12.1
10.4
9.1
30
35
45
21
17.1
14.7
12.9
13.7
11.4
9.8
8.6
40
40
51
24
19.8
17.0
14.8
15.8
13.2
11.3
9.9
50
45
58
27
22
19.0
16.6
17.7
14.8
12.7
11.1
60
49
63
29
24
21
18.2
19.4
16.2
13.9 12.1
30
52
57
31
26
22
19.3
21
17.1
14.7 12.9
40
60
77
36
30
25
22
24
19.8
17.0 14.8
50
67
86
40
33
28
25
27
22
19.0 16.6
60
73
93
44
36
31
27
29
24
30
69
88
41
34
29
26
27
23
40
80
102
48
40
34
30
32
26
23
19.8
50
89
114
53
44
38
33
35
30
25
22
60
98
125
58
49
42
36
39
32
28
24
21
18.2
19.6 17.1
Your sprayer has 20” nozzle spacing.
Desired GPA = 30 GPA
Desired Ground Speed = 6 MPH
Referring to the above typical nozzle specification sheet, find the data for the
example nozzle. Note that for the 20” nozzle spacing, 30 GPA and 6 MPH a 40
psi spray bar operating pressure will be expected. The constants for this example
are:
E. NOZZLE (CAPACITY) PRESSURE CONSTANT = 40 psi
F. NOZZLE FLOW (CAPACITY) CONSTANT = .60 gpm
G. FLUSH PRESSURE – This constant is set to the desired pressure in psi
(bars) that the system will obtain, at the spray bar, when the OFF/AUTO/
FLUSH switch is held in the FLUSH position. This constant is very useful
when performing catch tests to check nozzle accuracy.
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Conversion Factor
Weight of
Solution Lbs.
(per U.S. Gal.) Liquid
7
.92
7.5
.95
8
.98
8.34 (water)
1.0
8.5
1.01
9
1.04
Solutions
with
1-2.5% Clay
1.16
9.5
1.08
1.2
10
1.1
1.22
10.5
1.12
1.24
11
1.15
1.27
11.5
1.18
1.29
12
1.2
1.32
12.5
1.22
1.34
13
1.25
1.37
13.5
1.27
1.4
14
1.3
1.43
14.5
1.32
1.44
15
1.34
1.46
15.5
1.36
1.48
16
1.39
1.5
16.5
1.41
1.53
17
1.43
1.55
17.5
1.45
1.57
18
1.47
1.59
H. CONVERSION FACTOR – The conversion factor compensates for the density
of the product being sprayed. It compares the weight of 1 gallon (liter) of product to 1 gallon (liter) of water.
Conversion
Factor
-
weight of 1 gallon (liter) of product
8.333 lbs (1 kg)
Determine the exact weight per gallon (liter) of product being sprayed, to the
nearest tenth pound (kg). Make certain the sample used is well mixed and
truly represents your product. The more care taken in measuring and weighing, the more accurate the application rate. Use the above formula or refer to
the following tables to determine the conversion factor. If suspension fertilizers
are being applied, the recommended conversion factor may be not correct
(serves as a guide only) as product viscosity and consequently nozzle flow
rate is affected by the fertilizer blending process. The CONVERSION FACTOR must be adjusted accordingly.
I. ZERO PRESSURE CALibration – This number matches the pressure transducer to the control console. This number is obtained by performing the following procedure:
Important: There must be zero pressure on the spray bar at the location of the
pressure transducer when performing this calibration. Check valves or no drip
nozzles may retain pressure on the boom.
Depress and hold the right (0-9) touchswitch for approximately 5 seconds or until
the full display stops flashing and the continuous alarm stops sounding. After the
alarm stops, the Calibration is complete and the number shown on the display is
the Zero Pressure Calibration value.
J.
SYSTEM RESPONSE – This constant is a number that affects the response time as well as the steady operation error state of the control valve to correct for an application error that is created by a change in ground speed. When
this number is set correctly the control system responds to a change in ground
speed by repositioning the control valve with a slight overshoot and without causing oscillation around the new product flow rate.
The System Response Constant is factory set to 3.0 as a beginning point. During
field operation, if one of the following symptoms is observed this value should be
changed in the direction described.
1.
If the console display fluctuates above and below the targeted application rate by a large amount (10% to 20%), this indicates that the SYSTEM
RESPONSE Constant is too large and should be decreased in value (see Note
below).
2.
If the console display is slow in responding to a change in ground speed
or application rate (change-on-the-go) or it stabilized at some indication other
than the targeted application rate, this indicates that the SYSTEM RESPONSE
Constant is too small and should be increased in value.
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NOTE: Change the SYSTEM RESPONSE Constant value by .5 count in the indicated direction. Repeat procedure until the control system operates to your satisfaction. For fine tuning values in .1 (tenth) units may be entered. For example,
2.5 rather than 2 or 3.
Weight of
Solution
Kgs
(per Liter)
Conversion Factor
Liquid
.839
.92
.869
.94
.893
.95
.929
.97
.959
.98
1.0 (water)
1.0
1.019
1.01
1.049
1.03
1.079
1.04
1.16
1.109
1.06
1.18
1.139
1.08
1.2
1.169
1.09
1.21
1.199
1.10
1.22
1.229
1.11
1.23
1.259
1.12
1.24
1.289
1.14
1.26
1.319
1.15
1.27
1.349
1.16
1.28
1.379
1.18
1.29
1.409
1.19
1.3
1.438
1.20
1.32
1.463
1.21
1.33
1.498
1.22
1.34
1.528
1.24
1.36
1.558
1.25
1.37
1.618
1.29
1.41
1.678
1.30
1.43
Solutions with
1-2.5% Clay
A. NOZZLE MONITOR SET – The Nozzle Monitor Constant is used if the Nozzle
Monitor option is installed. Set constant to 0000 if not installed.
The constant at the SETUP location contains four digits, the two digits on the
left control the nozzle calibration function. If either one of the digits is set to a
number other than zero, then the calibration function is enabled. If both digits
are set to zero the calibration function is disabled.
The two digits on the right are set to the percentage of change of total product
flow at which an alarm is desired. Example: If 10 nozzles are on your spray
boom and you want an alarm to sound if one plugs, this means a blockage of
10%. Since one nozzle is 10% of the total flow, then you would enter 10 in the
right two digits.
B. GROUND SPEED CALibration – The Ground Speed Calibration Constant is a
number that matches the Ground Speed Sensor to the control console. To obtain this constant the vehicle is driven over a measured course while performing the following procedure.
Important: The Ground Speed Calibration Constant has two entry methods: (1) manually entering a known value and (2) performing the calibration
procedure. The manual entry location is the first entered when the pointer
increments to SETUP POS. B and is identified by a single digit flashing. This
entry method is used to enter an average that is obtained by performing the
calibration procedure several times. Averaging of the calibration procedure
numbers enhances the accuracy of the vehicle ground speed. Touching the
SETUP switch advances to the second method and it is identified by all four
digits flashing on the display. The ground speed calibration constant can be
determined as follows:
Mark the start and finish points so the course is plainly visible from the cab
as you drive past.
2. System must be in SETUP mode with the pointer in the second ground
speed calibration position (all digits flashing).
3. Drive up to the start of marked course at a slow (minimum of 2 mph)(km/h)
operating speed.
4. When even with the start marked, touch the center “-“ (minus) touchswitch.
moving.
with the finish marked, touch the center “-“ (minus) touchswitch again.
36
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IMPORTANT: It is recommended that the above ground speed calibration procedure be repeated 3 or 4 times and the displayed numbers averaged. Enter the
resulting average in console memory using the manual entry method.
C. PRESSURE LIMITS SET – The spray bar high and low pressure alarm points
are programmable so the operator can set in a desired pressure range.
When first entering this location, the right hand bar on the bargraph is flashing
and the 4 digit display is alternately showing the H (high) and L (low) ground
speed limits which correspond to the current setting of high and low pressure
limits.
Pressure limits are displayed on the bargraph. On a 100 psi system, each
bar represents 3.3 psi (on the high pressure 1000 psi spray system each bar
represents 33.3 psi). Using the “+” (plus) “-“ (minus) touchswitches set the
flashing bar to the desired upper pressure limit. The scale above the bargraph
reads directly for the 100 psi system (X 10 for 1000 psi system).
Touching the SETUP touchswitch causes the left hand bar on the bargraph to
flash. Using the “+” (plus) and “-“ (minus) touchswitches set the flashing bar to
the desired lower pressure limit. (See following example.)
In the above illustration the high pressure limit is shown on the left drawing
and is the right end of the bargraph. At this setting the high pressure limit, at
which the alarm will sound, is 82.5 psi (25 X 3.3 = 82.5). The ground speed at
which the upper pressure limit is exceeded is shown in the four digit display,
with the H (high) and is 21 MPH.
The low pressure limit is shown in the right drawing and is the left end of the
bargraph. At this setting the low pressure limit, at which the alarm will sound,
is 36.3 (11 X 3.3 = 36.3). The ground speed at which the lower pressure limit
occurs is 6 MPH, shown in the four digit display with the L (low).
In this example the pressure range is 36.3 psi to 82.5 psi with a resulting
ground speed range of 6 to 21 miles per hour.
FLASHING
BAR
H 21
CCS100 & CMS100
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L
6
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The constants to be entered into the memory locations describe the liquid
sprayer or anhydrous ammonia applicator system to the CMS100 console. The
console uses these entered values to make computations regarding area and
product accumulations. Some of the constant values are the same as used in the
CCS100 console.
Referring to the Constant Decal supplied with your CMS100 console, note that
it contains two lists of constants. The list under the SPRAYER heading is used
to enter constants for a pressure based liquid sprayer system and the ANHYDROUS AMMONIA heading is used to enter constants for a flow based anhydrous ammonia applicator system.
C0. F, P or FF – Select P for liquid sprayer.
C1. CONVERSION FACTOR – The Conversion Factor is the comparison of the
weight of 1 gallon (liter) of product to the weight of 1 gallon (liter) of water.
Refer to the CCS100 Liquid Sprayer Control and enter the same Conversion
Factor value.
C2. SUM OF NOZZLE CAPACITIES – This constant is the total flow in gallons
per minute (liter per minute) of all nozzles at the nozzle capacity pressure.
This value is the CCS100 Nozzle Flow Capacity constant multiplied by the
number of nozzles. If a catch test is performed, it is the sum of all the nozzle
flow capacities at the nozzle capacity pressure.
C4. NOZZLE CAPACITY PRESSURE – This constant is obtained from your
Nozzle Manufacturer’s Specification sheet. This pressure is the pressure
at which the nozzle flow capacity is determined. This constant is the same
value as entered in the CCS100 Nozzle Capacity Pressure constant location.
C5. PRESSURE SENSOR OFFSET – This is a number that matches the pressure transducer to the control console and is obtained by performing the
following procedure. This constant should be the same as the ZERO PRESSURE CALIBRATION Constant in the CCS100 console.
Important: There must be zero pressure on the spray bar at the location of the
pressure transducer when performing this calibration.
1.
Depress and hold the RESET touchswitch for approximately 5 second or
until the full display stops flashing and the continuous alarm stops sounding.
When the touchswitch is first depressed, the single flashing digit increments
one value and the alarm chirps. Continue to hold the touchswitch and after
approximately 2 seconds all four digits flash and the alarm sounds. When
the alarm or the flashing stops the calibration is complete and the number
shown on the display is the pressure sensor offset value.
C6. TANK LEVEL – FULL (÷10) – This constant is the total number of gallons (liters) contained in the product tank divided by 10 (ten). Example: If your tank
contained 2000 gallons (liters) of product, your Tank Level – Full constant
would be 200.
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C7. TANK ALARM LEVEL (÷10) – This constant is the tank level at which the
alarm sounds divided by 10 (ten). Example: If you desire an alarm with 100
gallons (liters) left in the tank, your Tank Alarm Level constant would be 10.
This disable the alarm, set this constant to 0000.
U2. VOLUME UNITS CONSTANT – This is a unit’s conversion number which
allows the operator to select the PRODUCT readout units.
To provide gallons readout, enter 7.481.
To provide liters readout, enter 28.32.
U6. GROUND SPEED CALIBRATION – This constant is a number that matches
the ground speed sensor to the control console. This constant value is the
same as the CCS100 constant.
E0. BOOM SWTICH SENSE – This constant sets the voltage sense of the
boom section lines. Set o 0000, the console accumulates area when the
boom section lines are grounded. Set to 0001, the console accumulates
area when the boom section lines are at +12 volts.
E1 through E6.
BOOM SECTION 1 thru 6 – These constants give the monitoring system the
capabilities of accumulating area depending on the number of active booms.
The CMS100 console has provisions for 3 boom sections (E1 thru E3) and
with the addition of an “extender module” can be extended to 6 sections.
If your sprayer is not divided in sections, enter the implement spray width in
feet (meters) in E1. If your sprayer has more than one section, enter each
boom section spray width in feet (meters) beginning with E1. All unused
boom section constants must be set to 0000. See following table for section
number, setup number and wire color correlation.
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
SETUP
NO.
BOOM POSITION
EXTENDER MODULE
WIRE COLOR
E1
Section 1
Brown
E2
Section 2
Red
E3
Section 3
Orange
E4
Section 4
Yellow
E5
Section 5
Green
E6
Section 6
Blue
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40
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Developing Constants – Anhydrous Ammonia
LESSON 6
arrive at the correct numbers (constants) for programming (entering into
memory) the console.
to:
•
•
units.
into memory.
describe the Anhydrous Ammonia Applicator to the control console. The console
uses these values (numbers) to accurately compute the application rate of the
product. It is therefore very important that you understand what constants are
required and how to arrive at the correct numbers (constants) for programming
(entering into memory) the console. When entering numbers into memory, the
decimal point can always be positioned as desired. All constants must be entered
before the system will function, including the ground speed calibration.
A. P, Pn or F – Select F for anhydrous ammonia application.
B. APPLICATION RATE – The application rate constant is the amount of material applied in pounds per acre (Kg per hectare). You may enter this value as
NH3 per acre or N (Nitrogen) per acre. See Density constant, SETUP POS. E.
C. APPLICATION RATE +/- (change-on-the-go) – This constant gives the
operator the option of increasing or decreasing the application rate by a specified increment, while moving through the field.
D. IMPLEMENT WIDTH – This constant is the effective width of the applicator
measured in feet (meters).
E. DENSITY – The density constant is the weight (in lbs.) of one cubic foot of
NH3 (kilograms per liter) or the weight (in lbs.) of nitrogen contained in one
cubic foot of NH3 (kilograms per liter).
Important – If you have selected the application rate constant to be in pounds of
NH3 per acre, then the density also must be in pounds per cubic foot NH3. If you
have selected the application rate constant to be in pounds of Nitrogen per acre,
then the density must be in pounds per cubic foot nitrogen.
Refer to the following table to obtain the density of the NH3 or nitrogen at the
operating pressure of the nurse tank.
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NURSE TANK
TEMPERATURE oF
NURSE TANK PRESSURE (PSI)
POUNDS PER CUBIC
FOOT NH3
POUNDS PER CUBIC
FOOT NITROGEN
-28
-8
6
16
26
0
10
20
30
40
42.5
41.7
41.1
40.6
40.2
35.0
34.3
33.8
33.4
33.1
34
42
50
58
68
50
60
75
90
110
39.8
39.4
39.0
38.6
38.1
32.8
32.4
32.1
31.8
31.4
77
86
96
105
115
130
155
185
215
250
37.7
37.2
36.6
36.1
35.6
31.0
30.6
30.2
28.7
29.3
1. Read the Nurse Tank pressure gauge and round down to the nearest pressure listed in the Density Table. Example: If the nurse tank pressure gauge
reads 49 psi, then use the 40 psi listing in the Table. If the tank pressure
gauge is inoperative, use the tank temperature to determine approximate
density values.
2. Obtain the Density from the Table using the appropriate column.
F. FLOW SENSOR CONSTANT – This constant is a calibration number and is
written on the side of the flow meter. Record this number for future reference.
G. FLUSH FLOW RATE (÷10) – The flush flow rate in pounds per hour (kilograms
per hour) is the flow rate the system will attain when the OFF/AUTO/FLUSH
switch is held in the FLUSH position. Divide value by 10 to enter. Example:
4000 LBS/HR IS ENTERED AS 400.
H. BARGRAPH MAX. FLOW RATE (÷10) – This constant sets the full scale value
of the bargraph display. The units are pounds per hour divided by 10. The
value to enter is recommended to be as follows:
¾” Valve – 1TTU – 420
1” Valve – 1TTU – 540
1” Valve – 2TTU – 680
To calculate your flow rate:
FR=(APR)(MPH)(W)(.1212)
Where: FR = Flow rate in lbs/hr
APR = Application Rate in lbs/acre
MPH = Miles per hour
W = Width of applicator in feet
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I. SYSTEM RESPONSE – This constant is a number that affects the control
valve response time as well as the steady operation accuracy. When this number is set correctly the control system responds to a change in ground speed
by repositioning the control valve with a slight overshoot and without causing
oscillation around the new product flow rate.
The System Response Constant is factory set to 3.0 as a beginning point.
During field operation, if one of the following symptoms is observed this value
should be changed in the direction described.
1. If the console display fluctuates above and below the targeted application
rate by a large amount (10% to 20%), this indicates that the constant is too
large and should be decreased in value (see Note below).
2. If the console display is slow in responding to a change in ground speed or
application rate (change-on-the-go) or it stabilizes at some indication other
than the targeted application rate, this indicates that the constant is too
small and should be increased in value.
NOTE: Change the System Response Constant value by .5 count in the indicated direction. Repeat procedure until the control system operates to your satisfaction. For fine tuning values in .1 (tenth), units may be entered. For example, 2.5
rather than 2 or 3.
J. GROUND SPEED CALIBRATION – The Ground Speed Calibration constant
is a number that matches the Ground Speed Sensor to the Control Console.
To obtain this constant the vehicle is driven over a measured course while
performing the following procedure.
IMPORTANT: The Ground Speed Calibration Constant has two entry methods:
(1) Manually entering a known value and (2) performing the calibration procedure. The manual entry location is the first entered when the pointer increments
to SETUP POS. J and is identified by a single digit flashing. This entry method is
used to enter an average that is obtained by performing the calibration procedure
several times. Averaging of the calibration procedure numbers will enhance the
accuracy of the vehicle ground speed. Touching the SETUP switch advances to
the second method and it is identified by all four digits flashing on the display.
The Ground Speed Calibration can be determined as follows:
Mark the start and finish so it will be plainly visible from the cab as you drive
past.
2. System must be in SETUP mode with the pointer in the second Ground
Speed Calibration position (all digits flashing).
3. Drive up to the start of marked course at a slow (minimum of 2 mph) (km/h)
operating speed.
4. When even with the start marker, touch the center “-“ (minus) touchswitch.
moving.
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43
TRAINING MANUAL
with the finish marker, touch the center “-“ (minus) touchswitch.
Ground Speed Calibration Number
NOTE: Vehicle must be moving at a minimum of 2 mph (km/h) when passing
the start and finish markers. DO NOT start moving at one marker and stop at the
other.
IMPORTANT: It is recommended that the above Ground Speed Calibration
procedure be repeated 3 or 4 times and the displayed numbers averaged. Enter
the resulting average in console memory using the manual entry method.
Decimal point is not adjustable.
The constants entered into the memory locations describe the anhydrous ammonia applicator system to the CMS100 console. The console uses these values
to make computations regarding area and product accumulations. Some of the
constant values are the same as used in the CCS100 console.
Referring to the Constant Decal supplied with your CMS100 console, note that
it contains two lists of constants. The list under the SPRAYER heading is used
to enter constants for a pressure based liquid sprayer system and the ANHYDROUS AMMONIA heading is used to enter constants for a flow based anhydrous ammonia applicator system.
C0. F, P or FF – Select F for Anhydrous Ammonia Applicator.
C1. DENSITY – The Density constant is the weight (in lbs.) of one cubic foot of
NH3 (kilograms per liter) or the weight (in lbs.) of nitrogen contained in one
cubic foot of NH3 (kilograms per liter). This constant value is the same as the
CCS100 Density Constant.
C2. FLOW SENSOR CONSTANT – This constant is a calibration number written
on the side of the flow meter and is the same as the CCS100 Flow Sensor
constant.
C6. TANK LEVEL-FULL (÷10) – This constant is the total number of pounds (kg)
of NH3 (Nitrogen) contained in the nurse tank at the start, divided by 10 (ten).
Example: If the nurse tank contained 3000 pounds (kg) of NH3, your Tank
Level-Full constant would be 300.
C7. TANK ALARM LEVEL (÷10) – This constant is the nurse tank level at which
the alarm sounds divided by 10 (ten). Example: If you desire an alarm with
300 lbs. (kg) remaining in tank, the tank alarm constant would be 30. To disable the alarm entirely, set this constant to 0000.
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U2. VOLUME UNITS CONSTANT – This constant is a unit’s conversion number
which allows the operator to select the PRODUCT readout units.
To provide pounds product readout, enter 01.00.
To provide kilograms product readout, enter 28.32.
U6. GROUND SPEED CALIBRATION – This constant is a number that matches the ground speed sensor to the console and is the same value as the
CCS100 constant.
E0. APPLICATOR SWITCH SENSE – This constant sets the voltage sense of
the applicator section lines. Set to 0000, the console accumulates area when
the applicator section lines are grounded. Set to 0001, the console accumulates area when the applicator section lines are at +12 volts.
E1 through E6.
APPLICATOR SECTION 1 thru 6 – These constants give the monitoring
system the capabilities of accumulating area depending on the number of active applicator sections. The CMS100 has provisions for 3 applicator sections
(E1 thru E3) and with the additional of an “extender module” can be extended
to 6 sections.
If your applicator is not divided in sections, enter the applicator width in feet
(meters) in E1. If your applicator has more than one section, enter each section width in feet (meters) beginning with E1. All unused applicator section
constants must be set to 0000. See following table for section number, setup
number and wire color correlation.
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
Setup
No.
Applicator
Section Position
Extender Module
Wire Color
E1
Section 1
Brown
E2
Section 2
Red
E3
Section 3
Orange
E4
Section 4
Yellow
E5
Section 5
Green
E6
Section 6
Blue
45
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46
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TRAINING MANUAL
Technical Reference Material
PART II
This manual is divided into two separate parts. Part I contains instructional materials to explain basic overall concepts and operating principles of the systems.
Part II contains more detailed reference materials which elaborate certain subjects with more in-depth information. Other information is for reference material
use later. Topics included in this Part are:
Exhibit 1: Cabling Diagrams
·
Granular with Harness Part Numbers
·
Liquid/Anhydrous with Harness Part Nos.
·
CMS System Harnesses with Part Nos.
Exhibit 2: Troubleshooting Charts
Exhibit 3: Commonly Asked Questions CCS100
Exhibit 4: Granular Spreader Constant References
Exhibit 5: Liquid Sprayer Constant References
Exhibit 6: Anhydrous Ammonia Constant References
Exhibit 7: Cable Repair Procedures
Exhibit 8: Troubleshooting Sensors
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47
TRAINING MANUAL
CCS and CMS connected together through a Y-cable in Granular System
EXHIBIT 1
Cabling
Diagrams
CCS100 Console
BLU 16
BRN 15
RED 1
Back
Light
Pressure 2
Hopper
Aper
Pressure 1
MTR Close
MTR Open
Shielded
ALM
Enclosure
OFF
Flush
FG
FQ
+12V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
WHT/BK 2
VLT 3
RED 4
TAN 5
YEL 6
ORG 7
GRY 8
WHT 9
BRN 10
GRN 11
BLU 12
RED 13
BLK 14
16
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
CMS100 Console
FA4
FA3
FA2
FA1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
GND
+12V BATTERY
+12V COMM
BLU/WH
WHT/RED
ORG
YEL
1
2
3
4
LT GRN
7
BLU/BK
8
GRN/YEL 9
BLUE/WHT10
PNK
11
WHT
12
BLK
RED
BLU
14
15
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
11
12
14
13
6
7
BRN
VLT
YEL
WHT/BK
WHT/BL
WHT/GN
BLK
WHT/VLT
WHT
BLK
RED
WHT/YEL
WHT/RED
CCS/CMS
Y Cable
46429-0150
16
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
D
C
B
A
D
C SECT 3 ORG
B SECT 2 RED
A SECT 1 BRN
F
E
OFF
AUTO
FLUSH
6
D
C
B
A
Alarm
Switch Module
48
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
TRAINING MANUAL
Granular Spreader Vehicle Harness
Cabling
Diagrams
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
49
TRAINING MANUAL
CCS and CMS connected together through a Y-cable in a Liquid/
Anhydrous System
Cabling
Diagrams
50
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
TRAINING MANUAL
Liquid/Anhydrous System Main Harness
Cabling
Diagrams
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
51
TRAINING MANUAL
Liquid/Anhydrous System Implement Harness
Cabling
Diagrams
52
CCS100 & CMS100
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TRAINING MANUAL
CMS (only) Monitoring Harnesses
Cabling
Diagrams
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
53
TRAINING MANUAL
54
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
TRAINING MANUAL
Problem
Console will not
turn on
Probable Cause
Corrective Action
Blown Fuse
Check fuse in psotivie battery
lead. Replace if blown.
EXHIBIT 2
Good Fuse
Good fuse indicates no current
being drawn. Check all termains
for corrosion. Check for good
battery voltage. Clean terminals.
Troubleshooting
Charts
Damaged Cable
Visually inspect cable from
console to battery. Check for
continuity.
Console defective
Console could be defective.
Contact DICKEY-john technical
support.
Problem
Probable Cause
Short in the system Fuse blows
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
Corrective Action
Disconnect consoles, switch
module, radar, actuator/driver and
feedback sensor from cables and
replace fuse. If fuse still blows,
the main calbe could be shorted.
Fuse no longer
blows
With power switches off, reconnect one console at a time. If
fuse blows, that console could be
shorted
Fuse still doesn’t
blow
Turn the console on one at a time.
Check fuse after each is turned
on. If the fuse blows, suspefct the
last console turned on. Also carefully inspect cable
Fuse still doesn’t
blow
Turn power switch off again and
begin replacing one sensor at a
time. When the fuse again blows
that line contains the short.
55
TRAINING MANUAL
Problem
APER Displayed (no
bargraph)
Problem
Probable Cause
Damaged sensor or Correct installation, repair any damage
incorrect installation found or replace sensor.
No +12V to sensor
Check for +12V at sensor harness
(see caling diagram). If no voltage is
found, check for damaged cable and
repair or replace as necessary.
Signal Line (GRN
wire) is open/shorted
Check for continuity or short of the
green wire from the feedback sensor
connection back to the console connection (see Cabling Diagram).
Defective feedback
sensor
Feedback sensor could be defective.
Contact DICKEY-john technical support.
Probable Cause
System
Ground Speed Sigdoesn’t oper- nal is present
ate in AUTO-Will only operate in FLUSH
56
Corrective Action
Corrective Action
Check ground speed on the CMS.
If no CMS is available, run a ground
speed calibration to verify a radar signal is present. If present, check switch
module and then console.
No ground speed
signal is present,
+12V line in Open
Unplug the radar and cehck for +12V
at the radar cable connection (see
caling diagram). If no +12V is present,
check continuity of the cable and observe for damage. Repair or replace
as required.
No ground speed
signal is present,
Signal Line (FG) is
open/shorted
Check for continuity or short of radar
cable on the FG pin through to the
console. (see cabling diagram). If no
continuity or a shorted wire is found,
repair/replace the cable.
Continuity through
cable is normal.
Replace radar unit and try again.
Defective console
Replace console.
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
TRAINING MANUAL
Problem
APER Displayed (no
bargraph)
Problem
Probable Cause
Damaged sensor or Correct installation, repair any damage
incorrect installation found or replace sensor.
No +12V to sensor
Check for +12V at sensor harness
(see caling diagram). If no voltage is
found, check for damaged cable and
repair or replace as necessary.
Signal Line (GRN
wire) is open/shorted
Check for continuity or short of the
green wire from the feedback sensor
connection back to the console connection (see Cabling Diagram).
Defective feedback
sensor
Feedback sensor could be defective.
Contact DICKEY-john technical support.
Probable Cause
System
Ground Speed Sigdoesn’t oper- nal is present
ate in AUTO-Will only operate in FLUSH
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
Corrective Action
Corrective Action
Check ground speed on the CMS.
If no CMS is available, run a ground
speed calibration to verify a radar signal is present. If present, check switch
module and then console.
No ground speed
signal is present,
+12V line in Open
Unplug the radar and cehck for +12V
at the radar cable connection (see
caling diagram). If no +12V is present,
check continuity of the cable and observe for damage. Repair or replace
as required.
No ground speed
signal is present,
Signal Line (FG) is
open/shorted
Check for continuity or short of radar
cable on the FG pin through to the
console. (see cabling diagram). If no
continuity or a shorted wire is found,
repair/replace the cable.
Continuity through
cable is normal.
Replace radar unit and try again.
Defective console
Replace console.
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TRAINING MANUAL
Problem
Probable Cause
System doesn’t
Faulty Switch Modoperate in AUTO or ule
FLUSH
58
Corrective Action
Disconnect the switch module
and short between the black and
brown wires of the main cable
(see Cabling diagram). If it goes
into FLUSH, replace the switch
module. If not, go to the next
block. If FLUSH now works but
AUTO does not, see flow chart
for “System Doesn’t Operate in
AUTO”.
Faulty Flush or
Ground wires in
Main Cable
Check the continuity of the flush
and ground wires on the main
cable between the switch module connection and the console
connection of the main cable (see
Cabling diagram). If no continuity is found, inspect the cable and
repair or replace as required.
Faulty Wire in Main
Cable
Check for +12V on the red wire at
the valve actuator/dirver connection (see cable diagram). If no
voltage is found, check for a damaged cable and repair or replace
as required. If cable is normal,
proceed to the next block.
No +12V to the
Actuator
While placing the system in the
FLUSH mode, check for +12V
on the brown wire at the actuator/driver connection (see cabling
diagram). If +12V is present, first
check the actuator cable and then
the actuator itself. On graunular
systems also replace driver module. If no voltage is found, proceed
to the next block.
Defective Actuator
or Actuator Cable
If no +12V is read in the above
block, check continuity on the
brown, white, and gray wires from
the actuator/driver connection
through to the console connection
(see cabling diagram). If the cable
is normal, replace the console.
Defective console
Replace console.
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Commonly Asked Questions
EXHIBIT 3
A. Anhydrous System
Application Rate
Question:
Do I enter pounds of Nitrogen or total Anhydrous?
Answer:
The Application Rate can be entered into the Console as either Pounds of N or
Pounds of NH3.
Density Constant
Question:
How often do I need to change this number and which column on the chart do I
use?
Answer:
The Density Constant only needs to be changed to adjust for seasonal changes
in tank pressure. No change of the Density Constant is usually needed for a tank
pressure change of less than 20 PSI. On the Density chart in the Operator’s
Manual you will see two columns of constants. If you have programmed the console to read out in Pounds of Nitrogen then you must use the Pounds per cubic
ft Nitrogen column on the chart. If you have programmed the console to read
out in Pounds per cubic ft NH3, then you must use the Pounds per cubic ft NH3,
column on the chart.
Flow Sensor Constant
Question:
Is that the number written in black marker? I couldn’t find one stamped anywhere
as indicated in the Operator’s Manual.
Answer:
The Flow Sensor Constant is currently being written on the side of the Flowmeter
with a black marker.
Flush FLow Rate and Bargraph Maximum Flow
Question:
I know what to enter but what does it mean?
Answer:
The Flush Flow Rate is simply the amount of material that will be discharged in
one hour if the OFF/AUTO/FLUSH switch were held in the FLUSH position for
that long.
The Bargraph Maximum Flow is the amount of material, in pounds per hour, discharged when the Bargraph is indicating 100 percent.
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Commonly Asked Questions
A. Anhydrous System
Application Rate
Question:
Do I enter pounds of Nitrogen or total Anhydrous?
Answer:
The Application Rate can be entered into the Console as either Pounds of N or
Pounds of NH3.
Density Constant
Question:
How often do I need to change this number and which column on the chart do I
use?
Answer:
The Density Constant only needs to be changed to adjust for seasonal changes
in tank pressure. No change of the Density Constant is usually needed for a tank
pressure change of less than 20 PSI. On the Density chart in the Operator’s
Manual you will see two columns of constants. If you have programmed the console to read out in Pounds of Nitrogen then you must use the Pounds per cubic
ft Nitrogen column on the chart. If you have programmed the console to read
out in Pounds per cubic ft NH3, then you must use the Pounds per cubic ft NH3,
column on the chart.
Question:
Is that the number written in black marker? I couldn’t find one stamped anywhere
as indicated in the Operator’s Manual.
Answer:
The Flow Sensor Constant is currently being written on the side of the Flowmeter
with a black marker.
Flush FLow Rate and Bargraph Maximum Flow
Question:
I know what to enter but what does it mean?
Answer:
The Flush Flow Rate is simply the amount of material that will be discharged in
one hour if the OFF/AUTO/FLUSH switch were held in the FLUSH position for
that long.
The Bargraph Maximum Flow is the amount of material, in pounds per hour, discharged when the Bargraph is indicating 100 percent.
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Shutoff Safety
Question:
Why do I need a hydraulic, electric, or rope operated shutoff?
Answer:
A second shutoff is needed in case of a control system failure.
Question:
I over applied my product by 5%, how do I correct for it?
Answer:
The Flow Sensor Constant can be adjusted to compensate for small errors of
less than 10 percent.
Raise the flow sensor constant to raise the amount of material applied. Lower the
flow sensor constant to lower the amount of material applied.
Incorrect Density Constant
Question:
I under/over applied by 18%. What is going on, why did your control tell me I was
still putting on the right amount and what do I do to fix it?
Answer:
An over or under application of 18% is normally caused by the Density constant
not being programmed correctly. To correct the problem make sure the proper
column on the Density chart is being used.
Electric Shutoff
Question:
Can I use the OFF/AUTO/FLUSH Switch to operate my electric shutoff?
Answer:
No.
System Size
Question:
I have a 42 ft. toolbar which is applying 220 pounds per acre. I am running 7-1/2
mph and pulling one tank with a one inch line. Why won’t this big expensive fancy
control work right?
Answer:
In this particular application, the tool bar is trying to apply approximately 8400
pounds per hour. In order to properly control the NH3, we need a control system
with two Thermal Transfer Units and pull two nurse tanks with two 1-1/4 inch
transfer lines and a 1-1/4 inch break away. Also we would need to possibly slow
down in order to maintain a flow rate of less than 6800 pounds per hour.
B. Granular System
Interchanging Parts
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Shutoff Safety
Question:
Why do I need a hydraulic, electric, or rope operated shutoff?
Answer:
A second shutoff is needed in case of a control system failure.
Question:
I over applied my product by 5%, how do I correct for it?
Answer:
The Flow Sensor Constant can be adjusted to compensate for small errors of
less than 10 percent.
Raise the flow sensor constant to raise the amount of material applied. Lower the
flow sensor constant to lower the amount of material applied.
Incorrect Density Constant
Question:
I under/over applied by 18%. What is going on, why did your control tell me I was
still putting on the right amount and what do I do to fix it?
Answer:
An over or under application of 18% is normally caused by the Density constant
not being programmed correctly. To correct the problem make sure the proper
column on the Density chart is being used.
Electric Shutoff
Question:
Can I use the OFF/AUTO/FLUSH Switch to operate my electric shutoff?
Answer:
No.
System Size
Question:
I have a 42 ft. toolbar which is applying 220 pounds per acre. I am running 7-1/2
mph and pulling one tank with a one inch line. Why won’t this big expensive fancy
control work right?
Answer:
In this particular application, the tool bar is trying to apply approximately 8400
pounds per hour. In order to properly control the NH3, we need a control system
with two Thermal Transfer Units and pull two nurse tanks with two 1-1/4 inch
transfer lines and a 1-1/4 inch break away. Also we would need to possibly slow
down in order to maintain a flow rate of less than 6800 pounds per hour.
B. Granular System
Interchanging Parts
Question:
Can any GC1000 parts be used on the CCS100?
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Answer:
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Yes. The radar and the hydraulic control valve are directly interchangeable. The
GC1000 application rate sensor can be used on the CCS100 with the use of an
adapter cable.
Using Spinners
Question:
Does the CCS100 console control the spinners as well as the conveyor/belt?
Answer:
No. You still control the spinners manually.
Tests Disagree
Question:
I did two different drop tests and used the two formula described in Appendix A of
the Operator’s Manual for “Determining Spreader Constant using CCS100”. The
results I calculated were two completely different numbers for spreader constants. What did I do wrong?
Answer:
Be sure that the correct values are being used for each formula. All the formulas
will yield identical numbers.
Necessity of Bargraph Maximum Flow Constant
Question:
How important to the operation of the system is the Bargraph Maximum Flow
constant?
Answer:
The only time the bargraph has an affect on the system is when it over-scales
completely to the right causing the alarm to sound. Other than that, the bargraph
does not affect how the system controls. It is only a reference for the operator
and can be set to any value or can be disabled by entering 0000 in the bargraph
constant location.
Application of Large Amounts
Question:
How do I set up the CCS100 for applying very large amount of material, such as
lime, that causes some of my program numbers to become five digits long?
Answer:
This occurs frequently with machines that spread lime. The large amounts cause
the Bargraph Maximum Flow number to reach five digits, yet the console can
only accept four. To work around the problem, you can use one of two solutions.
(1) You can set the Bargraph Maximum Flow number to 0000 as mentioned
above. This allows correct application with no bargraph displayed. Or (2) modify
the Application Rate by dividing the Application Rate +/-, and Density constants
by 10 and by dividing the Flush Flow and Bargraph Maximum Flow number by
100. This scales everything by a factor of 10 and allows the bargraph to operate
normally.
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Mounting Application Rate Sensor
Question:
Can I mount the application rate sensor on a conveyer shaft or must it be installed on the conveyer motor?
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Recalculate
Question:
Will I have to recalculate spreader constants if the rate sensor is moved to a different shaft?
Answer:
Yes.
Under Applying
Question:
How do you adjust the CCS system when under applying occurs?
Answer:
Simply adjust the spreader constant the same percentage as your application error. Adjust up to increase the rate and down to decrease. This works if the error is
within approximately 10%. Larger errors than that can indicate other problems.
Other Potential Problems
Question:
What are other problems that could occur?
Answer:
Larger application problems are normally traced directly to programming errors,
wrong gate setting, incorrect ground speed signal, or a faulty rate sensor.
Conveyor Surging
Question:
The conveyor on the truck has recently started surging. The hydraulics are normal and the System Response number is at 1.5. What’s the problem?
Answer:
Check that the rate sensor is not rocking back and forth on its mounting. Also
check to see that the coupling is not slipping on the rate sensor shaft.
C. Liquid System
Parts Interchangeability
Question:
Will any of my SC1000 parts work with the CCS100?
Answer:
Only the radar is compatible between the two systems.
Zero Pressure Calibration
Question:
Do I have to do the Zero Pressure Calibration each time I fill the tank?
Answer:
No. Set it once and forget it.
Abnormal Pressure Display
Question:
I have just installed check valves on my sprayer and now the bargraph is showing pressure when I’m not spraying. Why?
Answer:
This is common on machines with check valves, no drip nozzles, air stops, etc.
These systems continue to hold pressure on the boom and indicate due to the
pressure at the sensor causing a display reading all the time – even if you are not
spraying.
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Capacities
Question:
What is Nozzle Capacity Pressure and Nozzle Flow Capacity?
Answer:
These two setup positions describe what nozzles you are using. Simply stated,
the Nozzle Capacity Pressure is only a pressure reference, any pressure will
work, and the Nozzle Flow Capacity is how much water in gallons flow out of that
nozzle in one minute at that pressure reference. Using these two numbers the
console will then know how much flows from that nozzle at any given pressure.
Nozzle Capacity Pressure
Question:
Does the pressure entered in Nozzle Capacity Pressure have to match the pressure being sprayed? Is there an ideal pressure that I can use?
Answer:
No it does not. You can enter any pressure that you like into Nozzle Capacity
Pressure, however, it is best to use a pressure that is within the working pressure limits of the nozzle you have selected. There really is no ideal pressure, but
40PSI is probably the most popular choice. Just remember to use the correct flow
rate for the pressure selected.
Under Application
Question:
My applicator has XR8004 nozzles with 20” spacing on two booms. I’m using 40
for Nozzle Capacity Pressure and .4 for Nozzle Flow Capacity. My pressure sensor is mounted between the Dj valve and the boom shutoff valves. I have found
that I am under-applying. What is wrong and how do I correct the problem?
Answer:
What is being seen here is a difference in pressure between what the pressure
sensor sees and the nozzle. Pressure drops occur in any sprayer, and the distance from sensor to nozzle determines the amount of the loss. In this case, the
system is controlling the application based on the pressure at the sensor, but the
nozzles with a lower pressure is under-applying. To correct this problem either
move the sensor to the boom next to a nozzle, or do a catch test at the pressure
that you have entered into Nozzle Capacity Pressure. Catch a few nozzles on
each boom, average the results, and enter this as your Nozzle Flow Capacity.
This method compensates for pressure losses that may be occurring.
APER Alarm
Question:
I’m getting the APER alarm before the upper pressure limit is reached. What is
causing this?
Answer:
Remember the APER indication means the control valve is fully open. This type
of indication normally occurs when the pressure requirement is greater than
the system can produce. However, a damaged pressure sensor or actuator can
also be the cause. To eliminate the sensor, check the pressure on the bargraph
against the manual gauge on your boom, if you have one. If the pressure on the
manual gauge is greater than the bargraph pressure, check the sensor. If the
bargraph and manual gauge match, then the sprayer is unable to develop the
correct pressure. Check to see that the actuator is opening completely. Then
check for slipping pumps, hose restrictions, spurge valve open too far, etc.
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Unexplained Displayed Numbers
Question:
Why do numbers sometimes appear on the console display when I am not spraying?
Answer:
This is a normal condition. Any time the console sees ground speed and pressure, application rates are calculated, even when you are not spraying.
Speed Range Display
Question:
When I set my pressure limits, the speed ranges displayed are very high (or low).
How do I fix this?
Answer:
Check your Nozzle Flow Capacity constant. It is either too high or too low. Also
be sure you don’t have a misplaced decimal point.
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Granular Spreader Constant References
Control System Program Steps (Granular)
CCS100 Console Constants
EXHIBIT 4
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Position
Function
CMS100 Console Constants
Value
Position
Function
A
Application Rate
C1
Product Density
B
Application Rate
C2
Spreader Constant
C
Spreader Width
C6
Hopper Level Full
D
Density
C7
Hopper Alarm Level
E
Spreader Constant
C8
Fan Sensor Constant
F
Spreader Flush Flow Rate
U6
Fan Sensor Constant
G
Bargraph Maximum Flow
E1
Spread Width A
H
System Response
E2
Spread Width B
I
Ground Speed Calibration
E3
Spread Width C
L0
Fan Low Speed Limit
L1
Fan High Speed Limit
Value
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Liquid Sprayer Constant References
Control System Program Steps (Liquid Sprayer)
EXHIBIT 5
Position
A
68
Function
Value
Position
Function
P or Pn
C0
P
B
Application Rate
C1
Conversion Factor
C
Application Rate +/-
C2
Sum of Nozzle Capacities
D
Nozzle Spacing
C4
Nozzle Capacities Pressure
E
Nozzle Capacity Pressure
C5
Zero Pressure Offset
F
Nozzle Flow Capacity
C6
Tank Level – Full (÷10)
G
Flush Pressure
C7
Tank Alarm Level (÷10)
H
Conversion Factor
I
Zero Pressure Calibration
J
System Response
A
Nozzle Monitor Set
U2
Volume Unit Constant
B
U6
C
Pressure Limits Set
E0
Boom Switch Sense
E1
Boom Section 1
E2
Boom Section 2
E3
Boom Section 3
E4
Boom Section 4
E5
Boom Section 5
E6
Boom Section 6
Value
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Anhydrous Ammonia Constant References
Control System Program Steps (Anhydrous)
EXHIBIT 6
Position
A
Function
F
Value Position
F
B
Application Rate (Lbs/A)
C
Application Rate +/(Lbs/A)
D
Implement Width (Feet)
E
Density
C1
Density
F
C2
G
Flush Flow Rate ÷10
(lbs/hr)
H
Bargraph Max ÷10 (lbs/hr)
I
System Response (XXXX)
J.1.
Ground Speed Cal
U6.1.
Manual Entry (XXXX)
2.
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Function
C0
Gnd Speed Cal On-TheGo
Value
Ground Speed Cal
Manual Entry (XXXX)
2.
Gnd Speed Cal On-The-Go
C.6.
Tank Level-Full ÷10 (Gal)
C.7.
Tank Alarm Level ÷10 (Gal)
U.2.
Vol. Units Constant (7.481)
E.0.
Applicator Switch Sense
E.1.
Applicator Sect. 1 Width (ft)
E.2.
E.3.
E.4.
E.5.
E.6.
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Cable Repair Procedures
Cable Checkout
EXHIBIT 7
Most troubles localized to a cable are categorized as either a “short” or “open”.
Whenever a short or open is suspected, the chore of locating it becomes tedious
and frustrating. If an intermittent break is encountered, the problem of locating
the break is difficult but must ultimately be treated as an open circuit. After the
fault is found, the cable must be carefully repaired and made weather-tight again.
Console and Harness Layout
Before starting to trace wiring from the console to the sensors, take a moment
to study the general wiring scheme. Refer to the correct wiring diagram in this
manual and study the layout of the harness system. Notice the wiring layout from
the console(s) to the sensors. Notice the wire colors from the circuit board to the
sensor. Each sensor has its own set of wires but generally the RED wire is +12
volts, the BLK is ground and the GRN is the signal line. The power lines are generally connected within the harness to a common point while the signal lines are
unique to each sensor and run separately all the way to the console. When both
the CMS 100 and CCS 100 consoles are used, most of the signal lines are connected to both units through a Y-cable. All other devices provide common sensing
for use by both units. Also, notice a separate pole from the power switch (+12V
CONTROL) on the CCS 100 to drive the valve actuator and pressure transducer.
All other power connections are common (+12V COMMON) within the cable.
Locating a Shorted Cable
Several different harness arrangements may be used to connect to the CCS 100
or CMS 100 consoles depending on applications and sensors installed. A short
circuit in a line can render a sensor inoperative or can cause the entire system
to fail. A sensor can develop three basic types of shorts; (1) power to ground, (2)
power to signal, and (3) signal to ground.
If the power line of a sensor within the cable shorts to ground, the result blows
the battery line fuse. The problem is easily isolated by unplugging all the sensor
and extension cables, installing a new fuse, and reconnecting one connector at
a time. When a line containing the short is connected, the fuse will blow again. If
the fuse blows with all sensors and extension cables disconnected, the short is in
the main harness (or maybe the Y-cable, if installed).
A short between the power and signal lines or between the signal and ground
lines renders a sensor inoperative. To confirm such a condition, turn the power
off, disconnect the inoperative sensor and measure the resistance between the
pins. Any reading lower than a few hundred ohms should be investigated.
Cable Repair
1. Visually inspect the cable very carefully for damage. Observe the cable for
loose wires, particularly at the connectors. Check for damage to the cable
where a sharp object may have pierced the cable or an area may have
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become mangled in the machinery. If a damaged area is found, proceed to
Step 6.
2. If no damage is observed, disconnect the cable at both ends. Use an ohmmeter to check for shorts between conductors. If the cable is a multiconductor cable, be certain to check for shorts between all combinations of conductors. The simplest method is illustrated by an example with a five conductor
cable. At one of the connector ends, measure resistance between pins in
the following order:
1 to 2
1 to 3
1 to 4
1 to 5
2 to 3
2 to 4
2 to 5
3 to 4
3 to 5
4 to 5
By progressively moving through the pin count, no combination of two conductors is missed. No continuity should be found in any measurement. If so,
those conductors are shorted.
3. Check for an open condition by folding the cable in half so that the two
connector ends lay side by side. Check for continuity through each conductor. Use wire colors or harness drawings to identify the correct conductor at
each end. If the cable is not easily folded in half because of being strapped
down, short pins together at one connector with a small wire jumper and
check for continuity between the two conductors at the other connector.
Repeat until all conductors are checked.
4. If a break was detected in Step 3, locate the break as follows. Connect one
lead of an ohmmeter to each end of the suspected broken wire. Move along
the harness flexing the cable by hand while observing the ohmmeter for an
indication. Any response of the ohmmeter means the area of damage is
located. If no area can be determined, select the center. Use a sharp object
such as a straight pin to pierce through the insulation. It may be necessary
to carefully slit the outer jacket of the cable to reach the wire to be checked.
Remember, the opening will later require repair. If the cable is strapped
down, it may be necessary to add a length of wire to one lead of the ohmmeter to lengthen the ohmmeter’s reach.
5. Check continuity between the two points. If continuity is present, move
further down the line and repeat. When no continuity is obtained, the break
is located between the last two readings. Finalize the location by working
toward the break until the exact location is determined.
Temporary Field Repair (Cables)
A damaged or cut cable can be repaired in the field using the following procedure. This type of repair is limited to cables only. Do not attempt to repair any
wiring inside the hydraulic control valve, the ground speed sensor, or the application rate sensor, as the seals will be broken and the warranty on the system will
be void. Do not attempt to repair cable connectors.
The following method of repairing cables is for temporary repair only. Units with
new cables or new extension cables must be ordered as soon as possible, otherwise chemicals may enter the repaired area and damage some of the compoCCS100 & CMS100
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nents. Always use rosin core solder for making cable repairs. NEVER USE ACID
CORE SOLDER!
1. Carefully cut away the cable cover at the damaged area. Cut any cable
packing material. Strip about ½ inch of insulation from damaged lead(s).
Do not cut away any of the wire strands. Use alcohol and clean about two
inches of the cable cover and the individual leads.
2. Twist the two bare leads together, as shown in the figure below, for each
damaged lead, being careful to match wire colors. Then solder the leads
USING ONLY ROSIN CORE SOLDER. Tape over each repaired lead with
vinyl electrical tape (DO NOT USE TOO MUCH TAPE).
3. Splice Wires and Tape
Add a layer of vinyl electrical tape up to the cable cover at each end of the
repaired section. Make paper trough, as shown below, then apply silastic
compound over the repaired section. Make sure you use enough silastic
compound to fill in the ends of the cable.
4. Seal Taped Wires
Allow silastic compound to dry, then use vinyl electrical tape to completely
cover the repaired area. Apply tape to at least two inches of each cable end.
Secure repaired cable in such a manner that it will not be damaged again.
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Tape Final Repair
Caution: This procedure is only intended for temporary repair. Replace the damaged extension cable or the complete unit if the damaged cable is attached to the
unit. Failure to do so will result in damage to the system since active chemicals
can creep up through the cable and in one or more of the system units.
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Troubleshooting Sensors
EXHIBIT 8
System Sensors and other Device Failures
During normal system operation, the alarm and console display indicates the
status of the system sensors and product application devices. If a failure occurs,
the operator is alerted by the alarm and the console display so that the problem
can be quickly investigated. If the CMS 100 unit is also installed, it is very useful in isolating a failed sensor. Also the valve actuator or some of the mechanical
devices may also fail.
1. Switch Module
This device contains only a switch and a Sonalert. The switch can be verified quickly with an ohmmeter. The condition of the Sonalert can be determined by applying +12 volts across the terminals. Be sure to apply the
positive voltage lead to the positive terminal (RED wire).
2. Ground Speed Sensor
One of three types of ground speed sensors is used; (1) radar sensor, (2)
in-line speedometer drive sensor or (3) magnetic distance sensor. Begin by
visually inspecting the cable and sensor for damage. Check all connections
and inspect the sensor mounting. If a radar sensor is used, check for excessive vibration. Start the vehicle engine and slowly increase engine RPM to
the governed rate or operating RPM while observing the display on the CMS
100. The display should remain at zero. If not, the radar mounting is not
secure.
If no ground speed is displayed during operation, a simple test can be conducted to prove the harness by using a small jumper wire. Place the jumper
between the ground conductor and the signal input of the cable. Be sure to
identify the correct pins. The main system fuse will blow if the +12 volt line
is shorted to ground. Identify the correct pins and intermittently make and
break the connection as rapidly as possible. The results are a series of random pulses which should generate some speed indication on the CMS 100
display. If the display responds, the cabling and console are normal meaning the ground speed sensor is the cause.
If a magnetic distance sensor is installed, a simple ohmmeter can be used
to prove its operation. Connect the ohmmeter directly across the sensor
element. The reading should be infinity when the magnet is away from the
sensor and zero ohms when the magnet is next to the sensor. Also, a click
should be heard when the magnet is passed near the sensor.
3. Status Switch
The microswitch can be checked with an ohmmeter.
4. Application Rate Sensor
The application rate sensor is mounted on the drive shaft of the conveyor
to monitor the rotational rate of the shaft. A simple functional test, similar to
the ground speed sensor, can be performed to prove the harness by using a
small jumper (wire) to intermittently make and break a connection between
ground and the signal line. Be sure to identify the correct pins. If the +12 volt
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line is shorted to ground, the main system fuse will blow.
5. Hydraulic Control Valve (Granular)
The hydraulic control valve regulates the conveyor speed electrically via the
CCS100 console. If any of the spreader components, such as the hydraulic
pump or hydraulic motors are not operating properly, the control system may
appear to be faulty. Check that all the mechanical devices are operating normally before suspecting any of the control system components. Check that
the valve operates in the manual mode. If not, disconnect the cable to the
actuator driver circuits and measure for drive signals. If no signals are present on the three lines, suspect the cables and then the console (CCS 100).
If signals are observed on the lines, try a new valve driver actuator model.
If the control system functions normally in the FLUSH mode but does not
open in the AUTO mode, the problem may be a faulty ground speed input.L
6. Liquid Control Valve
The liquid control valve controls the amount of liquid available for field application. If the control system is not functioning correctly, first check that all
other system mechanical devices are functioning as expected. Then check
to make sure the ground speed sensor is functioning. Also, be sure to check
the pressure transducer on a sprayer system and the flow meter on the
anhydrous system.
Be sure the valve is operating in the manual mode. Solicit the aid of an extra
person. Hold the switch module switch in the FLUSH position. The control
valve should be heard opening for approximately 1.5 seconds. Release
the FLUSH switch and again the control valve should be heard closing for
approximately 1.5 seconds. If the motor in the valve is not running, then the
control valve actuator or the cabling is defective.
7. Flowmeter
The flowmeter sensor senses the rotation of the paddle wheel as the flow of
anhydrous ammonia passes. If the flowmeter ceases to produce pulses, begin by checking the wiring to the flowmeter. Remove the flowmeter module
and reach inside the venture tube with a small pencil or wire and spin the
paddle wheel. If the paddle wheel does not freely spin, repair the cause. If
the paddle wheel is found free, replace the flowmeter module.
8. Fan RPM Sensor
The fan sensor is easily checked by waving a piece of metal quickly back
and forth across the sensor’s end while observing the CMS 100 display.
Some reading should be observed. Assuming the cabling has been checked
and no reading is generated, try a new sensor.
9. Hopper Level Sensor
A sensor failure is first detected at the console by an improper readout. If
this occurs try unplugging the sensor and see whether the condition changes. If it does not, check the cabling. If it does, replace the sensor. If the message on the display is simply indicating low too soon or not soon enough,
inspect the mounting position of the sensor.
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10. Pressure Transducer
Before checking a pressure sensor, release all the pressure from the lines
or completely remove the sensor from the boom and then perform a Zero
Pressure Calibration. If the constant comes up .0000, check for a +12 volts
at the sensor connection on the harness and also check continuity on the
green wire from the sensor connection to console connection (see Wiring Diagram). If +12 volts is not present, check continuity of the power and
ground wires. If all harness checks are normal or if the Zero Pressure Calibration constant reads 1.000 or more, replace the sensor.
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Dealers have the responsibility of calling to the attention of their customers the following warranty
prior to acceptance of an order from their customer for any DICKEY-john product.
DICKEY-john® WARRANTY
DICKEY-john warrants to the original purchaser for use that, if any part of the product proves to be defective in material or workmanship within one year from date of original
installation, and is returned to DICKEY-john within 30 days after such defect is discovered,
DICKEY-john will (at our option) either replace or repair said part. This warranty does not
apply to damage resulting from misuse, neglect, accident, or improper installation or maintenance. Said part will not be considered defective if it substantially fulfills the performance
expectations. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PURPOSE, AND OF ANY OTHER
TYPE, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. DICKEY-john neither assumes nor authorizes
anyone to assume for it any other obligation or liability in connection with said part and will
not be liable for consequential damages. Purchaser accepts these terms and warranty limitations unless the product is returned within fifteen days for full refund of purchase price.
Headquarters:
5200 Dickey-john Road, Auburn, IL 62615
TEL: 217-438-3371, FAX: 217-438-6012, WEB: www.dickey-john.com
Europe:
DICKEY-john Europe S.A., 165, boulevard de Valmy, 92706 – Columbes – France
TEL: 33 (0) 1 41 19 21 80, FAX: 33 (0) 1 47 86 00 07
For DICKEY- john Service Department, call
1-800-637-3302 in either the U.S.A. or Canada
CCS100 & CMS100
11001-1392-200704
77

CCS100 and CMS100 Control and Monitoring - DICKEY-john

Transcription

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