English - Qafqaz University

Transcription

88
The Republic of Azerbaijan
"Çağ" Educational Company
MINISTRY
OF EDUCATION
QAFQAZ
UNIVERSITY
Modern approaches in
English
Language and
1
Literature
International Student Conference
Qafqaz University, Baku, 22-23 April 2011
Official Sponsor
CONFERENCE
MATERIALS
Qafqaz University Press
Baku, 2011
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Saniç
Prof. Dr. Niftali Qodjayev
Prof. Dr. Cihan Bulut
Prof. Dr. Shahin Khalilli
Asst. Prof. Dr. Erdal Karaman
Dr. Heydar Eminli
Dr. M. Mustafa Gül
Ali Bereket
Ali Tatli
Venera Suleymanova
GENERAL COORDINATOR
Ali Bereket
CONFERENCE SECRETARIES
Ali Tatli / Coordinator
Dr. Heydar Eminli
Azade Hashimova
ACADEMIC COMMITTEE
CONFERENCE
MATERIALS
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Saniç
Prof. Dr. Niftali Qodjayev
Prof. Dr. Cihan Bulut
Prof. Dr. Ömer Okumuş
Prof. Dr. Ajdar Agayev
Prof. Dr. Akif Huseynli
Prof. Dr. Fakhraddin Isayev
Prof. Dr. Shahin Khalilli
Asst. Prof. Dr. Erdal Karaman
Asst. Prof. Dr. Islam Huseynov
Asst. Prof. Dr. Narmina Aliyeva
Dr. Heydar Eminli
Dr. M. Mustafa Gül
Dr. Etrabe Gül
Dr. Nusret Shikhbabayev
Dr. Bayram Gündoğdu
Dr. Süleyman Sarıbaş
Dr. Muharrem Kaplan
Dr. Emin Agayev
Ali Bereket
Đsa Dağ
Ali Tatli
Aziz Çankaya
Venera Suleymanova
Stanislav Zagorodniyev
DESIGN
Sahib Kazimov, Ilham Aliyev
The responsibility of the published papers in this conference
materials belongs to the authors.
COMEDY OF ERRORS
Fidan Haciyeva
11
1
LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION IN EDGAR
ALLAN POE’S SHORT STORIES
Narmin Huseynova
11
2
THE ANALOGOUS MORAL AND WELL-BRED IDEAS IN
THE CREATIVE WORKS OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE AND
MEVLANA CELALEDDIN-I RUMI.
Parvana Karimova
12
3
AUTHOR REMARKS IN DRAMATIC WORKS
Asisst. Prof. Flora Namazova
13
A GLANCE OF MULTI-CULTURALISM IN THE UNITED
STATES AND BRITAIN
Merve Turan
14
SELF-IDENTITY IN EASTERN AND WESTERN
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES
Osmanova Pervane
15
THE AMISH PEOPLE AND THEIR LIFE STYLE
Sabina Suleymanli
16
EDGAR ALLAN POE’S ART
Ali Çöm
17
THE IMPORTANCE OF NEW PROJECTS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LITERARY RELATIONS
Gulshan Babayeva
17
PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE, AND POSTCOLONIAL
DISCOURSE IN MODERN AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE AND
ITS PRESENTATION IN ENGLISH
Ilahe Akbarova
18
SPIRITUAL VALUES OF ENGLISH AND AZERBAIJANI
LITERATURE ROMEO & JULIET AND LEYLI & MAJNUN
Saadet Quliyeva
19
THE REFLECTION OF WORLD WAR I IN WILFRED
OWEN'S POEM "DULCE ET DECORUM EST"
Nubar Ibrahimzadeh
20
CONTENTS
LITERATURE
CULTURAL IMPERIALISM AND IDENTITY IN ALICE
WALKER'S POSSESSING THE SECRET OF JOY
Mehdi Dehghani, Mohammad Nasser Vaezy
POLITICAL CORRECTNESS AS A TRANSLATION ISSUE
Alina A.Sardarova
A STYLISTIC APPROACH TO HOME TRUTHS BY DAVID LODGE
Günay Allahverdi, Yard. Doç. Dr. Gülbün Onur
4
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH AND CRITICISM
Elmkhan Osmanov
4
WILLIAM BLAKE AND HIS WORKS
Saadat Mammadova
5
SHAKESPEARE’S SONNETS
Ellada Pashayeva
6
LOVE MOTIVES IN SHAKESPEARE’S “ROMEO AND JULIET”
Menzer Memmed
7
TRANSCENDENTALISM MOVEMENT IN AMERICAN
LITERATURE
Sevda Huseynova
7
THE THEMES OF CONSCIENCE, CULTURE CLASH,
PREJUDICE AND TOLERANCE IN GEORGE ORWELLS’
SHOOTING AN ELEPHANT
Xayale Ildirimova
8
IMPORTANT MOMENTS OF EVELYN WAUGH’S
CREATIVITY ELNUR KARIMOV
Elnur Karimov
9
ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE’S LIFE AND CREATIVITY
Emil Qarayev
10
iii
iv
“THE BIG MICROSCOPE OF MODERN CRIMINAL WORLD”
CHINGIZ ABDULLAYEV IN THE ENGLISH LITERATURE
Vafa Yagubova
ON ENGLISH AND AZERBAIJANI EPOS
Konul Ezizova
21
33
MARK TWAIN’S INFLUENCE ON AMERICAN LITERATURE
AND TODAY’S SOCIETY
Azade Hashimova
22
OF THE METAPHORS INDICATING RIGHT AND WRONG IN
THE WORKS OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE AND MEVLANA
JELALEDDIN RUMI
Ali Tatlı
34
THE IMAGE OF COLONIALISM AS PORTRAYED BY
BRITISH LITERATURE
Sveta Gadimova
23
THE EXPRESSION OF ANTI-HUMANISM IN AMERICAN
NOVELIST, KHALED HOSSEINI’S WORK “THE KITE RUNNER”
Ayten Zeynalli
35
THE MAIN SUBJECT OF BYRON’S POETRY
Aynur Novruzova
24
SHAKESPEARE’S REPUTATION IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND
Rahile Eliyeva
25
THE MAIN THEMES OF OZYMANDIUS BY PERCY
BYSSHE SHELLEY
Samire Agakishiyeva
25
APPROACHES TO INTERNET USING IN ENGLISH EDUCATION
26
Aygun Heshimova
THE ROLE OF THE BRITISH ORIENTALISTS IN THE
STUDY OF THE ISLAMIC CULTURAL WORLD
Ali BEREKET
36
EDUCATION
37
THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE TEACHING TECHNIQUES ON
THE COMPREHENSION AND PRODUCTION OF L2 IDIOMS
Seyyede Mahsa Amini
38
W.SHAKESPEARE’S METAPHORS AND SMILEYS WITH THE
EXAMPLES AND DISCUSSION
Dürdanə Həsənova
27
THE PARALLELS BETWEEN THE BOOK OF
DEDE KORKUT AND BEOWULF
Dilara Jafarli
PERSONALITY PREFERENCES: ARE LEARNERS AND TEACHERS
AT LOGGERHEADS?
Tara Dasmah MA
39
27
LITERATURE AND ELT AS SL/FL
Vineet Kaul
40
THE BOY IN THE STRIPED PYJAMAS
Jamila Ibrahimova
28
ARRANGEMENT OF STUDENTS IN EFL/ESL CLASSROOM:
STRONG-WEAK STUDENTS’ INTERACTION HYPOTHESIS
Dara Tafazoli (Iran)
41
THE DESTRUCTIVE AND CONSTRUCTIVE POWER OF THE
NARRATOR IN IAN MCEWAN’S ATONEMENT
Özge Dağlı
42
COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN THE ENGLISH LITERATURE
LESSONS
Səmra Qazızadə
43
THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MANIPULATION IN
GEORGE ORWELL’S “NINETEEN EIGHTY FOUR”
Gunay Abbasova
30
LOYALTY AND UNFAITHFULNESS IN “KING LEAR”
Sevilay Tosun
31
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S INSULTS IN HAMLET
Yeganə Ağayeva
32
v
vi
THE EFFECTIVE USE OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
AND ITS PLACE IN THE TEACHING PROCESS
Nigar Orujova
59
“EDUCATION SYSTEM” IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND
Aysel Musayeva
60
EDUCATION IN AZERBAIJAN
Aygun Mirzayeva
61
THE DIFFERENT EDUCATION SYSTEM IN
ENGLAND AND IN GREAT BRITAIN
Terlan Nesibli
62
APPLYING MODERN APPROACHES TO THE
TEACHING OF READING
Muhammad Bakhishov
62
THE DIRECT METHOD IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Jeyran Ibrahimova
64
EDUCATION PROBLEMS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF AZERBAIJAN
52
Afer Ibrahimov
LINGUISTICS
65
MODERN APPROACH TO TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONS
Esra Arslan
ETYMOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WORD STOCK OF
THE LANGUAGE
Milana Abbasova
66
ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA (ELF)
Lalə Sultanova, Iradə Abdullayeva
67
DEVELOPED TEACHING METHOD IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Leyla Alili
55
LANGUAGE EXTINCTION
Aytekin Eliyeva
69
THE FIVE KEY STEPS TO ACHIEVING SUCCESS FOR
YOUR EDUCATION
Matanat Rustamova
56
EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN TARGET LANGUAGE LEARNING
Gunay Quliyeva
70
TACTICS TO TEACH VOCABULARY
Khazar Novruzov
57
CATCH PHRASES
Türkan Müftiyev
71
THE PLACE OF EDUCATION IN SOCIAL LIFE
Sarvin Alizada
58
COMPARATIVE FORM OF AN ADVERBIAL CLAUSE IN ENGLISH
AND AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGES
Gunay Mammadli
72
vii
viii
PRESENTATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS
Mürşüdzadə Nuran
44
CONDUCTING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN ENGLISH LESSONS
45
Rəhimova Nərgiz
CONDUCTING PROBLEM-BASED -PBL LESSONS
Firuz Mammadov
STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Məmmədova Elmira
THE WAYS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ ORAL
SPEECH IN ENGLISH
Lale Maharramova, Scientific adviser: Sadiqova Yaqut
46
48
49
MODERN APPROACHES TO EDUCATION IN AZERBAIJAN
AND IN AMERICA
Anvarzade Khonul, Qasimova Azade
50
COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT)
Aysel Azimova
51
ROLE OF THE TEACHER-PUPIL RELATIONS IN THE
PROCESS OF MODERN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Naile Guluzadeh
53
54
ARE ALL ENGLISH WORDS REALLY FROM ENGLISH ORIGIN?
Turane Abdullayeva
73
PROFICIENCY EXAM
85
DIFFERENT SHADES OF LANGUAGE TABOOS
Naila Bandiyeva
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND WEBBLOGGING
Majid Rafizade
86
IELTS AS ONE OF THE PROFICIENCY EXAMS
Gunay Poladova
86
SENSE PHRASES AND PROVERBS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Zeynep Aşiret
THE POSITION AND MEANINGS OF SOME ADVERBS IN
MARK TWAIN’S STORY – THE FIVE BOONS OF LIFE
Natavan Xudadarova
74
75
75
A BRIEF LOOK TO THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
AUXILIARY AND MODAL VERBS
Vafa Bayramova
76
PERSONAL NAMES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Nərgiz Suleymanova
77
CELTIC LANGUAGE SPOKEN AREAS
Leman Murselova
78
AMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISH
Nigar Huseynova
79
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH IDIOMS WITH THEIR
DEFINITIONS IN AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE
Dilara Shahmamedova
80
DECLENSION OF NOUNS AND DIFFERENCES AMONG
THEM IN GERMAN AZERBAIJANI AND ENGLISH
Gunay Alizada
81
AUXILIARY VERBS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
Ahmadova Khanim
82
DIALECT CHANGES IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Narmin Veledova
83
ix
FUNCTION OF ENGLISH SUB-TESTS OF THE INUEE FOR MALE
CANDIDATES
87
Maryam Javadizad, Hossein Barati. PhD., Akbar Hesabi. PhD.
MODERN APPROACHES TO PROFICIENCY EXAMSAND
INTERNATIONAL TURKISH LANGUAGE OLIMPIAD
Vahid Uzunlar
x
88
Modern Approaches to English Language and Literature
1st International Student Conference
CULTURAL IMPERIALISM AND IDENTITY IN
ALICE WALKER'S POSSESSING THE SECRET
OF JOY
Mehdi Dehghani
M.A., Graduated from Islamic Azad University
(University Professor), Arak Branch,
IRAN
Mohammad Nasser Vaezy
M.A in TESOL (University Professor),
Graduated from Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch,
IRAN
CONFERENCE MATERIALS
LITERATURE
1
Alice Walker, the Afro-American writer and the author of the famous
novel, The Color Purple (1982), creates another piece of work called
Possessing the Secret of Joy in 1992. This novel focuses on the character of
Tashi who is a minor character in The Color Purple. Tashi is from a
fictional village called Olinka. It is a place where female circumcision is
practiced. Tashi, torn between her African and American culture, in order
to confirm her African identity goes under the ritual. As a result of the
operation she suffers a trauma and kills her circumciser and then is
sentenced to death. Many critics criticized Alice walker due to writing this
novel and accused her of being a cultural imperialist. The writer in this
article tries to focus on the identity of Tashi as the representative of
black women and then exonerate Alice Walker from being a cultural
imperialist. The writer believes that Alice Walker is not a cultural
imperialist but a defender of black women's rights and identity.
Key words: Identity, Female Circumcision, Sexual pleasure,
Blackness, Cultural Imperialism
2
April 22-23, 2011
Qafqaz University, Baku, Azerbaijan
POLITICAL CORRECTNESS AS A
TRANSLATION ISSUE
A STYLISTIC APPROACH TO HOME
TRUTHS BY DAVID LODGE
Alina A.Sardarova
Günay Allahverdi, Yard. Doç. Dr. Gülbün Onur
Minsk State Linguistic University (Republic of Belarus)
sardarova@mail.ru
Selcuk University
One of the elements of communicative behavior is communicative
expectation. These are the rules which a representative of a certain
linguistic and cultural community expects to be observed in communication as they are imperative for his/her native linguistic and cultural
environment. No doubt that political correctness belongs to such rules
and should be observed in communication with English/American
speakers as well as in translational practice.
There are three basic ways of rendering politically correct lexical
units from English into Russian:
1) direct borrowing on the basis of transliteration or transcription;
2) searching for equivalents in Russian:
3) descriptive translation.
Besides, there is a tendency in the Russian language to substitute
politically correct euphemisms for politically incorrect lexical units.
These two trends – translation of politically correct words and creation
of native ones - go together and should both be taken into account in
translation.
Key words: Translation, Politically Correct Words, Cultural Community
In this essay David Lodge’s play Home Truths is analyzed in terms
of style. Characteristics of the author images are examined through his
usage of language. The choice of words, sentence structure, punctuation,
tone and rhythm are all analyzed in detail to prove his style and achievement. The detailed study of this play demonstrates the power of the
language within the text.
Keywords: David Lodge, Home Truths, Author images, Stylistic
approach.
1.
2.
3.
4.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapman, R. (1973). Linguistic and Literature: An Introduction to Literary Stylistic. London: Biddles Ltd.
Culperer, J., Short, M. & Verdonk (1999) (Eds): Exploring the Language of Drama.
London: Routledge.
Leech, G.N. & Short, H.M. (1981). Style in Fiction. London: Longman
Lodge, D. (1999). Home Truhts: A Play. London: Secker & Warburg
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH AND CRITICISM
Elmkhan Osmanov
Qafqaz University
elmxan_88@hotmail.com
In this paper will be spoken about W. Wordsworth about his life,
his creativity, his lifelong. It will be spoken about his poems and it will
be known what kind of poems he has written. Generally will be spoken
criticism of W. Wordsworth.
3
4
April 22-23, 2011
In ‘Tintern Abbey’ there spoken about the educating force of nature.In
“Lines written in Early Spring” there is a moral order in universe, which
binds natural objects together in a mighty system.In “We are Seven” there
shown the unawareness of the unity of human experience in death as
well as in life.
All of W.Wordsworth ‘s poems are the truth of life and for educating people.
Key words: poetry, nature, love
WILLIAM BLAKE AND HIS WORKS
Saadat Mammadova
Qafqaz University
sada_90@hotmail.com
William Blake was born on November, 28, 1757. He is a poet,
satirist, painter, printmaker, and engraver, was the son of a successful
London hosier. Blake never went to school but was educated at home,
chiefly by his mother. He read widely in , Shakespeare, Milton, Ben
Jonson, and the Bible, and he learned French, Italian, Latin, Greek and
Hebrew. Blake lived in a period of rebellion against orthodox Christianity. His liberalism expresses itself in revolt against the God of the
old Testament and the dominion of abstract reason.
His Divine Image consist of Mercy, pity, Peace, and Love that exist
in man and reveal man’s divine character. It is in the combination of these
qualities that man is God. Blake is a mixture of extremes. His poetry
and thought are both profound and naive; his mythology is highly
complex.
Blake’s Poetical Sketches, small volume of youthful verse, was
published in 1783. Here he makes extensive use of personification that is
the most distinguished quality of Neo-Classical poetry,but he tries to
write outside the tradition of Pope and Jonhson while he imitates the
pre-Romantic poets of the eighteenth century.
Key words: william blake,poet, satirist, painter
5
SHAKESPEARE’S SONNETS
Ellada Pashayeva
English Language and Literature Department
Qafqaz University
Baku / Azerbaijan
pashayevae@yahoo.com
When we think about miracle, at that time we think of about how,
when, where it would be grow… Purity, love, sincerity and the think
combine them as the idea, and wisdom perfected the idea, which ideas
make the wisdom to reach people. That is the power of miracle…
The ecstasy, power of love, wish to love, which William Shakespeare
combines that all with all these items that is all are miracle. Isn’t it?
Certainly all these features made me to write about his plays. The fear
of the think that u want to know but you can’t, the think that you deserve
but can’t get and all the thinks like these u can easily understand through
reading William Shakespeare’s plays. And also be acquainted with the
hidden side of the life.
It is the simplest and sweetly of poetry. Reading of plays of Shakespeare poetry reveals the characterization of humanity, and the simplicity.
According to these we feel great pleasure when we are reading Shakespeare’s poetry.
Key words: sonnet, love, miracle
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
REFERENCES
Booth, Stephen (1977). Shakespeare's Sonnets. Yale University Press, New Haven
http://www.shakespeares-sonnets.com/95comm.htm
Dowden, Edward (1881). Shakespeare's Sonnets. London.
Vendler, Helen (1997). The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
April 22-23, 2011
LOVE MOTIVES IN SHAKESPEARE’S
“ROMEO AND JULIET”
Menzer Memmed
Qafqaz University
William Shakespeare is the most famous writer of plays in the
English literature.He wrote thirty-seven plays and many famous poems.The most famous play among these plays is “Romeo and Juliet”.It
is the age-old story of love reaching across the barriers of family,in
which young Romeo Montague falls in love with Lord Capulet’s daughter
Juliet.These two main families of Verona are bitter rivals.The lovers
decide to marry,but after an enforced parting a series of misunderstandings
result in the suicides of both Romeo and Juliet.Their tragic deaths reconcile
the Montagues and the Capulets and peace is restored to Verona.
Key words: love, enemy, hatreds, love story .
1.
2.
3.
way or another most creative minds were drawn into its thrall. Attracted
not only to its practicable messages of confident self-identity, spiritual
progress and social justice, but also by its aesthetics, which celebrated,
in landscape and mindscape, the immense grandeur of the American
soul. Emerson’s “Nature”, “The American Scholar,” and “Self Reliance”. ,
Thoreau’s “Walden”. , Fuller’s “Woman in the Nineteenth Century” and
Whitman’s “Leaves of Grass”.Novels such as Melville’s “Moby Dick”
and Hawthorne’s “The Blithedale Romance” also had transcendentalist
leanings and they were also popular.
It is no coincidence that this movement took off just as the American
literary tradition was beginning to blossom. Transcendentalism - though
inspired by German and British Romanticism - was a distinctly American
movement in that it was tied into notions of American individualism.
Key words: transcendentalism, Kant, American renaissance, American soul
REFERENCES
Şekspirin seçilmiç əsərləri, səh 7-10, Bakı, Öndər nəşriyyat, 2004
Şekspir, izbrannoye, izdatelstvo “Prosveşenye”, Moskvo,1985, Anikst,səh 10-15
Şekspir, pyeslər və sonetlər, Bakı “Yaziçı”. 1980, redaktor S.Mustafayev
THE THEMES OF CONSCIENCE, CULTURE
CLASH, PREJUDICE AND TOLERANCE IN
GEORGE ORWELLS’ SHOOTING AN ELEPHANt
Xayale Ildirimova
Qafqaz University
TRANSCENDENTALISM MOVEMENT IN
AMERICAN LITERATURE
Sevda Huseynova
Qafqaz University
sevdahuseyn@yahoo.com
The term Transcendentalism was derived from the philosopher Immanuel Kant, who called "all knowledge transcendental which is concerned
not with objects but with our mode of knowing objects." Transcendentalism dominated the thinking of the American Renaissance. Its resonances
reverberated through American life well into the 20th century. In one
7
My work deals with the narrator’s duty is a colonial policeman.He
hates the native Burmese for great disliking and annoying him as
foreign oppressor;yet he understands their disliking and annoying, he
even takes their side privately. His official position, rather than his
moral temperament ,forces the narrator to act in the way that he does,
support his office in a precise manner by keeping the native Burmese in
their control and dependent place. The narrator must not let himself
become a spectacle before the native crowds as a colonial official.He
shoots the elephant because not shooting the elephant would make him
seem like a coward,When the corpse of the Burmese crushed by the
elephant comes to his attention,the narrator’s moral conscience appears.
8
April 22-23, 2011
He says that the man lay sprawled in a ‘‘crucified’’ posture, invoking all of
the poignant and rich symbolism that the term ‘‘crucified’’ offers". The
elephant, in its pain-wracked death, evokes in the narrator feelings of
terrible pity, not soothed by his knowledge that he acted within the law".
Key words: Conscience, Culture Clash, Prejudice
IMPORTANT MOMENTS OF EVELYN
WAUGH’S CREATIVITY ELNUR KARIMOV
its hundreds of years of steady development culminate in him”. Graham
Greene, in a letter to The Times shortly after Waugh`s death, acknowledged him as “the greatest novelist of my generation “ while Time
magazine`s obituarist called him “the grand old mandarin of modern
British prose”, and asserted that his novels “will continue to survive as
long as there are readers who can savor.
Key words: Evelyn Waugh, comedy, novel, British
1.
2.
Elnur Karimov
Qafqaz University
Elnurkerimov89@yahoo.com
3.
4.
Evelyn Waugh is probably the greatest English comic novelist of the
twentieth century. He was also the author of travel books and biographies, at the same time prolific journalist and reviewer. His best known
works include his early satires Decline and Fall and A Handful of Dust,
and his trilogy of Second World War novels collectively known as
Sword of Honour. Waugh, a conservative Roman Catholic whose views
were often trenchantly expressed is widely recognized as one of the great
prose stylist of the twentieth century. Evelyn Waugh`s most characteristic
novels are very satirical, with comically unsympathetic characters who
are often cruelly described, and stories that are amusing and often completely impossible to believe. Decline and Fall, his first novel, sets the
pattern through its story of a young man’s innocence and the world’s
dishonesty. Waugh enjoys the comic effects of confusion, physical as
well as moral; his characters can be persuaded to do anything and to
accept any idea, however laughable it is, and the innocent people suffer
while the real criminals are not punished. The comedy in his novels often
comes from the contrast between what a character will accept and what the
reader knows to be right ; unlike Fielding and Jane Austen, he doesn`t use
a comic situation to make right something that was wrong or unfair.
Waugh is widely regarded as a master of style. In the view of critic
Clive James, “Nobody ever wrote a more unaffectedly elegant English9
REFERENCES
Amory, Mark, ed (1995). The Letters of Evelyn Waugh. London: Phoenix
Carpenter, Humphrey (1989). The Brideshead Generation: Evelyn Waugh and his
Friends. London
Stannard, Martin (1984). Evelyn Waugh: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge
An Outline of English Literature By Roberts, G. C. Thornley, and Thornley
ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE’S LIFE AND CREATIVITY
Emil Qarayev
Qafqaz University
In this article I will talk about one of the great representatives of
19th the astonish novel writer century named Arthur Conan Doyle. I
tried to make it interesting by giving some information about his life
and creativity. As you might know he was the best reknown for The
adventures of Sherlock Homes. So I gave feedback about this great novel.
Also in this article mentioned the famous quotes said by Arthur Conan
Doyle. And what’s more I mentioned the people whom he got inspired
by. I hope that the readers might have get some interesting facts about
this great novelist and his work.
Arthur Conan Doyle was a one of the major characters of 19 century.
He wrote to many novels such as The Great Boer War, Silver Blaze, The
Engineer’s Plumb, The Lost World.
Key words: Arthur Conan Doyle, The Great Boer War, Silver Blaze,
The Engineer’s Plumb, The Lost World.
10
April 22-23, 2011
Poe was a poet of art for art’s sake. His poems are unique and sad.
Mainly it ends with death of woman.
Key words: detective, horror, sickness, death, psychological
COMEDY OF ERRORS
Fidan Haciyeva
Qafqaz University
The Comedy of Errors is one of William Shakespeare`s earliest
plays, believed to have been written between 1592 and 1594. It is his
shortest and one of his most farcical comedies, with a major part of the
humor coming from slapstick and mistaken identity, in addition to puns
and wordplay. The Comedy of Errors is one of only two of Shakespeare's
plays to observe the classical unities. It has been adapted for opera, stage,
screen and musical theatre. Elements of the play were inspired by works
by Plautus.
Key words: farcical comedies, slapstick, Plautus
LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION IN EDGAR
ALLAN POE’S SHORT STORIES
Narmin Huseynova
Qafqaz University
nena-77@rambler.ru
The purpose of an article is to analyze the meaning and the language of
the short stories written by Edgar Allan Poe. With the help of the work,
we have studied lifestyle and creativity of Poe, the main features of his
style of writing and it provides the explanation why the figure of the
writer aroused so much controversy among his controversy. While analyzing his works, we saw many aspects and speculations, which he experienced in his own life. It shows that, E.A. Poe somehow wrote about his
life. In spite of Poe’s short life, he brought the innovation to the literature.
The actuality of Poe’s creativity is in his manner of writing. Mainly,
Edgar Poe is best known for his short, horror, fantastic and detective stories, poems which attract the readers by their peculiar effect. Traditionally
Edgar Allan Poe’s stories are classified as a horror and psychological. A
tale of sickness, insect, madness and the danger of unrestrained creativity
are among Poe’s most popular and critically-examined horror stories.
11
REFERENCE
Tales of Mystery and Imagination. Edgar Allan Poe. Cavaye place. Pan Books Ltd.
1960
2. Edgar Allan Poe, The man behind the Legend. E. Wagenknecht. 1963
3. The Poe Log: A documentary life of Edgar Allan Poe. Dwight Thomas and David
K. Jackson. 1987
4. Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. 1938
5. Readings on Modern American Literature. M. High School. 1977
6. Studies in Classic American Literature by D.H. Lawrence, Penguin Classics, 1971,
Chapter 6, Edgar Allan Poe.
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe
8. http://poestories.com/summaries.php
9. http://www.eapoe.org
10. http://www.poemuseum.org/news_and_events/events.html
1.
THE ANALOGOUS MORAL AND WELL-BRED
IDEAS IN THE CREATIVE WORKS OF WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE AND MEVLANA
CELALEDDIN-I RUMI.
Parvana Karimova
Qafqaz University
pervane-qafqaz@mail.ru
The creative works of Shakespeare and Mevlana hold a mirror into the
parts of the life. In the centre of these complete works states a human
purity and as well creative works arise with wit. Shakespeare had been
busy with creative activities during the most difficult period of Europen
Renaissance. He had showed in his works that the person, which ashamed
in feudal vice is able of doing anything. He opened light skylines in
12
April 22-23, 2011
front of his heroes and as well he had showed love and trust to the education and future. If people investigate Shakespeare's and Mevlana's creative
works parallel, the similarity of the works can draw people's attention.
Key words: Purity, moral, well-bred, creative works, trust, neat,
honest, justice, honest.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
REFERENCES:
Hamlet by William Shakespeare. www.online-literature.com
Mövlanə Cəlaləddin Rumi. "Məsnəvi"dən seçmələr. Bakı, "Yom" yayınları, 2007
Vilyam Şekspir. Seçilmiş əsərləri. Đki cilddə. 1-ci cild. "Öndər nəşriyyat", Bakı, 2004
Vilyam Şekspir. Seçilmiş əsərləri. Đki cilddə. 2-ci cild. "Öndər nəşriyyat", Bakı, 2004
www.william-shakespeare.info
www.pathguy.com/kinglear.htm
www.shakespeare-literature.com
Key word: author stage directions, introduction stage directions,
middle stage directions, Ending stage directions, stylistic suitable times.
Key words: Author remark, dram, stage
1.
2.
3.
REFERENCES
Əsgərli Zaman. Azərbaycan klassik faciəsində remarka. Azərbaycan Elmlər Akademiyasının Xəbərlər. Ədəbiyyat dil və incəsənət seriyası, 1992, № 3-4
Cəlilova X. Müəllif remarkalarının funksional mahiyyəti/ Filologiya məsələlərinə
dair tematik toplu. Bakı, 2000, №3(12), s.30-32
Əfəndiyev Đlyas. Seçilmiş əsərləri. Đki cilddə, 2-ci cild, Azərbaycan dövlət nəşriyyatı, 1965.
A GLANCE OF MULTI-CULTURALISM IN
THE UNITED STATES AND BRITAIN
Merve Turan
Qafqaz University
Merve_turan_34@hotmail.com
AUTHOR REMARKS IN DRAMATIC WORKS
Asisst. Prof. Flora Namazova
Azerbaijan Teachers’ Institute
One of the basic signs that distinguished the language of dramatic
composition is the stage direction speech of the author. Dramatist implements a number of demands of the play and the tasks placed there,
with the help of the stage directions. First of all he describes the panorama
of the acts with stage direction in drama. Stage directions reflect the speech
of the author. Stage directions are an introduction in the activities of
dramatic works; from the first lines, it informs the beginning of activities in
the play.
But specialists of dramatic composition often did false glance to
stage directions during analysis of plays and didn’t concern its poetical
position in the language system.
Therefore in a number of cases, the function of the stage direction in
the dramatic text is not explained correctly.
13
The purpose of this article is to explain the culture conception with
civilization,universality and multiculturalism.Culture word,comes from
the motion of Latin ‘colere’and means land to work, to drive the field.
Culture met in west languages ‘cultura/ culture/cultur word term used by
French philosopher Volter as a human’s intelligent and to progress.
Time of to light up it has widened the maintenance in the 19.century
used in the meaning of culture,generation even greater.
Key words: introduction, forms, Britain, The USA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
14
REFERENCES
Guide to British and American Culture.OUP 2006,234
Aspects of Britain and the USA.Christopher Garwood.Oxford University Press
1992,45
www.multiculturalcyprus.net
http://açıkgazete.net
www.kaosgl.org
April 22-23, 2011
SELF-IDENTITY IN EASTERN AND
WESTERN AUTOBIOGRAPHIES
THE AMISH PEOPLE AND THEIR LIFE STYLE
Osmanova Pervane
Qafqaz University
sbn.s@hotmail.com
Sabina Suleymanli
Qafqaz University
Sunny-sunsky@rambler.ru
Autobiography is an area between self and others, it’s an attempt to
understand one’s own self and make others desire to understand him\her.
The expressiveness of this genre doesn’t exclude the importance of
perception. Autobiography like any novel is read differently by different
nations. How much we’d try to feel ourselves at the place of the author
within his\her culture, we cannot do without adding our system of
values to our reading, taking on function of an actual interpreter. The
reader is an integral part of “the autobiographical pact. Autobiography
becomes twice more interesting if it’s author is somebody, who experienced on himself both of these cultures, is equally carrier of Eastern and
Western cultures.
True, autobiographical elements take place in many works by Azerbaijani writers, but only the above mentioned tells about the birth, childhood, growing up of the writer, about her youth and further part of her
life in the second part of the Autobiography entitled «Paris days».
Key words: Autobiography, writers, Western, Eastern.
Banin. Caucasian days. Baki. 1993 (in Azerbaijani)
2.
Banin. Parisian days. Baki. 2006 (in Azerbaijani)
3.
en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Autobiography
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
REFERENCES
1.
THE AMISH are a religious and cultural group who immigrated to
the United States from Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
They have preserved the way of life of their ancestors, following a secret
set of rules for using such things as clothing, machinery, and electricity.
The name Amish is derived from Jakob Amman, a Swiss Mennonite
bishop. He insisted that discipline within the church be maintained by
excommunication. This entailed the avoidance, or shunning, by the faithful of those excommunicated. Conventional social relationships with the
excommunicated, such as eating at the same table, buying and selling, and,
in the case of a married person, marital relations, were forbidden. The
Amish, subject to persecution in Europe, migrated in the 18th century to
Pennsylvania, where their descendants are called Pennsylvania Dutch
(the German deutsch,”German,” was misunderstood as “Dutch”). They
then spread into Ohio, other midwestern states, and Canada. A rural
people, their skill in farming is exemplary.
Keywords: Amish, Jakob Amman, Swiss Mennonite bishop
9.
15
16
www.amish.net
www.ellopos.net
www.cambridge.org
www.sparknotes.com
www.amishdirectfurniture.com
www.experience-ohio-amish-country.com
www.mapministry.org
www.windycreek.com
www.wikipediya.com
April 22-23, 2011
EDGAR ALLAN POE’S ART
Ali Çöm
Qafqaz University
Edgar Allan Poe is among the best writers who have changed the
literature. And he is also the first writer about his writing style. His new
writing style also has changed the literature. In spite of his short life he
wrote a lot of high class tales and poems. He died when he was 30 years
old. Today A lot of people are reading his works again and again.
Key words: Poems, Gotik writing, Poe Life and Art, Horrible Stories
1.
REFERENCES
Büyük Larousse – Ana Britannica – Grolier International Americana – Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi – Türk Ansiklopedisi – Tales of Mystery an Imagination Edgar Allan Poe
THE IMPORTANCE OF NEW PROJECTS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LITERARY RELATIONS
The exploration of the themes like ”the East” and “the history and
religion of Azerbaijan” in the creativity of English coryphaeus like
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400), Christopher Marlow (1564-1593),
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is one of the estimable events .
The paper studies the publicity, and presentation of literary translation
of Azerbaijani literature samples, as well as the role of philology students
who can be a good jolt and groundwork for new projects in the sphere of
literature, their proposals and other issues.
Key words: English literature, Azerbaijani literature, World literature,
new projects
PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE, AND POSTCOLONIAL
DISCOURSE IN MODERN AZERBAIJANI
LITERATURE AND ITS PRESENTATION IN
ENGLISH
Ilahe Akbarova
Azerbaijan University of Languages
Gulshan Babayeva
Qafqaz University, BA.student
AZERBAYCAN
g_babayeva@hotmail.com
The translation of World Literature samples into our native tongue
and at least the very worth-while works of Azerbaijani literati into the
languages of the world’s different nations are of paramount importance,
at the same time an incumbent mission of the Azerbaijani literature
preserving its urgency. The development history of literary and cultural
relations of Azerbaijani and English literatures is differed according to
the periods it encompasses.
Beside scholars, researchers doing investigations in these spheres,
philology students also take great responsibility in progressing the relations
of Azerbaijani literature on the context of World Literature comprehendsively.
17
To gain an understanding of the modern literature of Azerbaijan and
its presentation on English, one must bear in mind two important factors
that have influenced the country's artistic and cultural life: the colonial
condition of Azerbaijan under the Soviet empire, and the control of the
means of communication through censorship. Although restrictions on
speech and thought have been the common experience throughout this
empire's history, the peripheral nationalities have been restricted even
further as regards the expression of their indigenous national identity.
The paper discusses past, present, future, and postcolonial discourse
in modern Azerbaijani literature and its presentation in English with the
help of translation and other ways.
Key words : Azerbaijani literature, English literature, literary relation,
Soviet empire
18
April 22-23, 2011
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
REFERENCES
Lotman, J., Uspensky, B. 1978. "On the Semiotic Mechanism of Culture of Language
Nida, E. 1964. "Principles of Correspondence." London: Routledge.
Raffel, E. 1956. Culture, Language and Personality. Los Angeles.
Jalal Sokhanvar Ph. D, 2002.”The Practice of Literary Terminology”. Tehran
Associated Press. Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law. Cambridge,
2002.
Council of Biology Editors. 5th ed. Council of Biology Editors, 1983.
Council of Biology Editors. Scientific Style and Format, 6th ed. Cambridge, 1994.
years. The one quality in Shakespeare's writing that never fails to astound
me is his ability at capturing the essence of human passion and feeling. The
main goal for this paper is to compare the two works and draw to the
attention some interesting nuances of the two tragedies.
Key words: Shakespeare, Fuzuli, English and Azerbaijani literature,
Romeo and Juliet Leyli and Majnun.
1.
2.
3.
SITES:
1. http://www.therfcc.org/neologism-6822.html
2. http://www.jasa.net.au/jabiog.htm
3. www.myg-traducciones.com.ar
4. www.spiritus-temporis.com
5. www.linguist.org.cn
6. books.google.az
7. en.wikipedia.org
8. www.pandora.com.tr
9. www.how-to-study.com
10. www.answers.com
4.
REFERENCES
Gordon ross smith, “a classified shakespeare ”bibliography,1963
James w., “four tragedies”,usa,1982
Larry s.champion,” the essential shakespeare”, an annotated bibliopgraphy of major
modern studies, 2nd edition,1993
Norton english literature, last
THE REFLECTION OF WORLD WAR I IN WILFRED
OWEN'S POEM "DULCE ET DECORUM EST"
Nubar Ibrahimzadeh
SPIRITUAL VALUES OF ENGLISH
AND AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE
ROMEO & JULIET AND LEYLI & MAJNUN
nubar-ibrahimzade@hotmail.com
Saadet Quliyeva
sea_det@hotmail.com
This paper analyses the binary relations of the tragedies, Romeo and
Juliet with Leyli and Majnun, compares and sometimes contrasts them.
William Shakespeare and Fuzuli are really the defining icon for
English and Azerbaijani literature. The works of Shakespeare are considered to be some of the finest literature ever written. His stories established a foundation off which thousands of ramas,romances, and histories
have been based. During his fifty-two year life, Shakespeare produced
plays that have been the models for books and movies for hundreds of
19
We have read and studied a number of war poems by different poets,
but Wilfred Owen grasps a special place in the English literature with a
perfect war presentation in his impressive poem ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’.
Though the so called poem had been analyzed differently many times.
But we will consider the presentation of war in the poem, ‘Dulce et
Decorum Est’ by analyzing that and giving different view of War of our
own.
This paper discusses how the World War One is narrated in ‘Dulce
et Decorum Est’ with Wilfred Owen`s presentation .
Key words: "Dulce et Decorum Est", World War One, English literature, poem analysis
20
April 22-23, 2011
“THE BIG MICROSCOPE OF MODERN
CRIMINAL WORLD” CHINGIZ ABDULLAYEV IN
THE ENGLISH LITERATURE
Vafa Yagubova
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Vafa_yagubova@hotmail.com
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
http://www.theazeritimes.com/
http://writersvillage.com/
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-a-detective-do.htm
http://www.suite101.com/
http://www.freeonlineresearchpapers.com/
MARK TWAIN’S INFLUENCE ON AMERICAN
LITERATURE AND TODAY’S SOCIETY
This article disputes about the creation of detective genre and
important factors of its arising, the first detective writers in world literature
and Azerbaijan literature as well as t the famous Azerbaijan detective
writer Chingiz Abdullayev. We can call him the best successor of
followers. This article once more discovers the prominence of Chingiz
Abdullayev and gives general information on his creativity and also
proves that not only the writer`s political stories are read, but also
simple life stories are being read everywhere.
“The big microscope of modern criminal world”! He learns tiny
facts in order to analyse details. His mastership is concealed in this.
Key words: Chingiz Abdullayev, detective genre, Azerbaijan literature, English literature.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
REFERENCES
Abdullayev Chingiz, “Confesses of valley”. Baki, “Chiraq”, 2009
Abdullayev Chingiz, “Autumn Madrigal”. Baki, “Nurlar”, 2009
Abdullayev Chingiz, “Code of Hammurabi”. Baki, “UniPrint”, 2009
Abdullayev Chingiz, “Ourselves”. Moscow, “Astrel”, 2005
Qarayev, Yaşar, “Faciə və qəhrəman: Azərbaycan Ədəbiyyatında Faciə Janrı”,
Azərbaycan SSR Elmlər Akademiyası, Bakı, 1965
Frye, Northrop, “The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance”,
Harvard University Press, USA, 2007
INTERNET SITES
http://www.wilkie-collins.info/site_map.htm
http://www.agathachristie.com/about-christie/
http://www.bls.gov/home.htm
http://www.classiccrimefiction.com/
Azade Hashimova
Qafqaz University
Azade84@hotmail.com
Mark Twain's significant impact upon American literature and society
cannot be denied. He was a humorist, newspaperman, lecturer and novelist.
By 1895 Mark Twain was one of the most renowned men in the
world. In his sixties he was famous as the author of many novels for
adults and children and also several short stories and non-fiction sketches
and articles. He was also a reputed lecturer and adopted once upon a
time as a lucrative one side by side with his writing. Twain also opined
strongly on many issues from anti-imperialism to copyrights for authors.
The article deals with a very brief overview of the author's creativity,
discusses how Twain`s works influenced literature and society ". The
paper contends that Twain, with all of his literary efects, represents the
best of the American spirit; indomitable, independent, and fair-minded,
while representing the values which have marked the American literary
tradition for decades.
Key words: Mark Twain, American literature and society, influence,
today’s youth
1.
2.
3.
4.
21
22
REFERENCES
Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn-Mark Twain- Nasl-e-Novin Publication-Iran-1999
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn-Mark Twain-UBS Publishers' Distributors
Pvt. Ltd. / New Delhi4 - 2004
Mark Tven- K.O. Piar- "Prosveşenie" / Moskva4 – 1983
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain
April 22-23, 2011
THE IMAGE OF COLONIALISM AS
PORTRAYED BY BRITISH LITERATURE
THE MAIN SUBJECT OF BYRON’S POETRY
Sveta Gadimova
Qafqaz University
n_aynur@yahoo.com
Aynur Novruzova
Qafqaz University
sveta_q4@hotmail.com
This paper is about English colonialism progressing for years and
the works of famous writers which includes English colonialism in it.
The most obvious influence of colonialism on literature is evident in the
colonial works of writers like E.M Forster, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard
Kipling and H. Rider Haggard. These works, such as E.M Forster’s “A
Passage to India” (1924 ), Kipling’s “Kim”(1901) and Haggard ’s
“She”(1889), are usually set in the distant lands that Britain colonized.
The authors of these works himself visited the colonial lands and wrote
their work on their own experience. The authors made great description
of violence in colonial lands and its harmful effects on nations that
caused by imperialism…Other novelists such as Charlotte Bronte, Jane
Austen… focus on particular British society and wrote about society’s
restrictive standards for women. However, the colonized believed that
the novel allowed them to explore their own identities and problems,
their own national concerns. These novels now stand in the canon of
English literature as one of the truly great discussions of that colonial
presence. As conclusion colonialism and imperialism in work or in real
life were disparaged, were presented of its prevention of devoting and
as way of making very impoverished nations.
Key words: colonialism, novels, nature
REFERENCES
1. http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0163460#m_en_gb0163460
2. http://www.belgeler.com/blg/q3g/anglo-indian-reconciliation-in-a-passage-to-indiaand- kim-as-colonial-novels
3. Altick, Richard, D. Victorian People and Ideas: A Companion for the Modern Reader
of Victorian Literature. London: Norton and Company, 1974
4. Ania, Loomba. Colonialism/postcolonialism. New York.Routledge,Inc…2005
5 . http://gradworks.umi.com/14/62/1462753.html
23
Among all poets of his time, Byron was the only one whose work was
universally known and popular. He was one of the great representatives
of 18th – 19th centuries. In this article I will give some brief information
about his life and mainly creativity of Byron. The main subject of Byron’s
poetry is Byron himself, the Romantic self-revelation. As a poet, he is
various and contradictory, perhaps because of his internal conflict. The
conflicting elements in his nature reflect Romantic idealism and pessimism, and they are present throughout his life. Byronic hero defies fate
and provides the most notable expression of ‘World Grief’, what is known
as Byronism. Byronic hero wrestles desperately with a cruel world of men,
but he is torn more deeply by an unknown taint that hurts terribly and
makes him struggle between sin and remorse.
Perhaps the world might recognize him for his great work named
“Don Juan”. This poem is mainly talks about freedom; it is free in thought
and free in speech, without being restricted by the ordinary laws and meter.
The plot of the poem, dealing with a series of adventures and related
with his own life.
The main theme of Byron poetry is to mark a new phrase of English
poetic tradition.
Key words: Byronic hero, romantic self-revelation, English poetic
tradition
24
April 22-23, 2011
SHAKESPEARE’S REPUTATION IN
ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND
Rahile Eliyeva
Qafqaz University
In Elizabethans period Shakespeares fame enlarged day by day.
English language has changed since Elizabethan time.For all this the
richness and complexity of Shakespeare’s writing make his place rewarding to read as well as to see and to hear.Shakespeare’s name was then
ceforth of value to unprinsipled publishers and they sought to palm off
on their customers as his work the productions of inferior pens.For several years Shakespeare geniues as dramatist and poet had been a a cknowledged by critics and playgoers alike, and his social and professional
position had become considerable.
Key words: reputation, fame, and drama.
1.
2.
3.
4.
REFERENCES
Lee, Sir Sidney. A Life of William Shakespeare. London: Smith, Elder, and Co, 1899.
Shakespeare Online.
http://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/shakespearefame.html >.
Glencoe literature
Shakespeare’s English historic plays, Baku 2009,Serap Magill and Dr. Prof. Shahin
Khalilli
THE MAIN THEMES OF OZYMANDIUS
BY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
Samire Agakishiyeva
fame was Ozymandius. In this article, I am going to mention main themes
and events of this work . There are some complicated themes in Ozymandius such as : “The tyrants may be successful for a while, but
tyranny cannot last forever “, “Tyrants may be proud of their power and
glory, but these cannot last forever. That why I gave to much importance to
Rameses II and his authority. He is considered to be the major character
of Ozymandius. The other main themes are: “Transience”, “Pride”, “Art
and Culture”, “Man and Natural world”.
What’s more in this article you will face with some information about
Percy Bysshe Shelley’s life and creativity. Shelley was the most radical,
the most idealistic, and the most ethereal of all romantic poets.
Key words: ozymandius, transience, tyranny
APPROACHES TO INTERNET USING
IN ENGLISH EDUCATION
Aygun Heshimova
Qafqaz University
aygun.heshimova@hotmail.com
So much has been written about the benefits of technology in education and the effects of technology on English learning. Advocates for
integrating technology into the English classroom emphasize the positive
effects of technology. It is important, however, to take a more critical look
at the effects of technology on English education so that we can maximize
the positive effects and minimize the negative ones.
Keywords: internet, technology, bad effects, education.
Qafqaz University
a_samire@hotmail.com
REFERENCES
Ozymandius has got its own place in English literature. This great
work was done by one of the major figures of 18th-19th Percy Bysshe
Shelley. He has got too many astonish works but the one which brought a
25
1.
26
Language learning and technology:affects of computer-assisted pronunciation.
Milken Exchange on education Technology,Wested: Recent Reseach on the Effects of
technology on Teaching and Learning.
April 22-23, 2011
W.SHAKESPEARE’S METAPHORS AND SMILEYS
WITH THE EXAMPLES AND DISCUSSION
Dürdanə Həsənova
Qafqaz University
societies including their historical, social and cultural elements. In this
article we are going to show the parallels which coonect the two epics.
Key words: epic, Beowulf, The Book of Dede Korkut, belief systems,
paganism, shamanism
REFERENCES
Art and lyrical boards creator and giant of the Engilish literature is
Shakespeare. It is not wondering at the light of his light soul, love of to
live and love to immortalize in his all works. He propogated love and
friendly terms to the woman in his works especially in his sonates.Tragicomedies, tragedies, philosophical dramatic works and sonates
of his literary heritage arrising of the new literature and renaissance of
the mankind in the world. His ideology was to serve development of the
language and culture of the world literature. Shakespare’s bigness is that
this ideology keeps the world literature today.
Key words: ideology, metaphor, performer,literature, love.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
P. Mirabile “The Book of the Oghuz peoples or Legends told and sung by Dede
Korkut”
Sümer, Faruk, Ahmet Uysal and Warren Walker trans and ed.. The Book of Dede
Korkut. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.
Alexander, Michael. Beowulf. London: Penguin Books, 1973.
Barrett J.C.; “ The Monumentality of Death: The Character of Early Bronze Age
Mortuary Mounds in Southern Britain”. World Archeology, 22(1990),
Blackburn F.A.; “The Christian Colouring in the Beowulf in an Anthology of
Beowulf Criticism”, PMLA 12(1897),
THE BOY IN THE STRIPED PYJAMAS
REFERENCES
Vilyam Şekspir“Romeo və Cülyetta”.Bakı 1979
Vilyam Şekspir “Pyeslər və sonetlər”.Bakı 1980
Vilyam Şekspir “Tarixi əsərləri”. Bakı 2009
Şekspirin seçilmiç əsərləri,səh 7-10,Bakı,Öndər nəşriyyat,2004
Jamila Ibrahimova
Qafqaz University, DELL-V
ibrahimova.c@gmail.com
THE PARALLELS BETWEEN THE BOOK
OF DEDE KORKUT AND BEOWULF
Dilara Jafarli
Qafqaz University
dilara_ceferli@mail.ru
Beowulf is one of the earliest English epics and is of significance in
western literature, similar to this The Book of Dede Korkut belongs to
Turkish literature and is of importance in eastern literature. They both
preserve the common features of their ages and are the outcomes of their
27
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a novel from the point of view of
a naive young boy, written by Irish novelist John Boyne. To date, the
novel has sold more than 5 million copies around the world. In both
2007 and 2008 it was the best selling book of the year in Spain. It is a
story of a nine-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin.
His father is a high-ranking SS officer who, after a visit from Adolf
Hitler and Eva Braun, is promoted to a “Kommandant”, and to Bruno’s
dismay the family has to move away to a place called Out-With. He is
unhappy with his new home. Bruno is lonely and has no one to talk to or
play with and the house is so small that there is no exploring to be done.
However, one day while Bruno is looking out of his window he notices
a bunch of people all wearing the same striped pyjamas and striped hats
or bald heads. As he is a curious child, Bruno asks his sister who these
28
April 22-23, 2011
people are, but she does not know. His father tells him that these people
are not real people at all. They are Jews. Gretel has changed from a normal
young girl into a strong Nazi (Nazism) with the help of her tutor, Herr
Lizst, but Bruno does not seem to take the same stance as Gretel. He
still prefers adventure books to history books. There is also a soldier
called Lieutenant Kurt Kotler who is violent in his ways and shows his
disapproval to the Jewish prisoner, Pavel. Pavel works around the house
and is always treated like slime by Lieutenant Kotler. One day Bruno falls
off his swing and Pavel helps him dress the wound. Bruno, in his naivety,
asks if his Mother should take him to a doctor, meets a reply from Pavel
saying that he is a doctor.
Bruno finds out he is not allowed to explore the back of the house
or its surroundings, and his father is very stern in forbidding him to do so.
Due to the combination of curiosity and boredom, he decides to explore.
He spots a boy on the other side of the fence. Excited that there might be a
boy his age, Bruno introduces himself, blissfully unaware of the situation
on the other side of the fence. The Jewish boy's name is Shmuel. He was
taken from his family and forced to work in Auschwitz. Almost every
day, they meet at the same spot. Soon, they become best friends. Bruno and
Shmuel even shared the same birthday. They are basically the same person
born into different circumstances, one a Polish Jew, the other a German.
He, across the book shows a great deal of naivety whilst his friend Shmuel
seems to have more knowledge of his surrounding as he has felt the
suffering first-hand.
Key words: Striped Pyjamas, Nazi, and Jews.
29
THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
MANIPULATION IN GEORGE ORWELL’S
“NINETEEN EIGHTY FOUR”
Gunay Abbasova
Qafqaz University
abbasova1988@hotmail.com
In this paper we have tried to examine George Orwell’s “Nineteen
Eighty Four”and its aspect of physical and psychological manipulation.
Despite the novel is written sixty years before it animates some fragments of our social life today. The names might be different in the novel,
but it is easy to find facts and details of manipulation and interaction to
the lives of the citizens by the government as in 20th and even 21st
century.
George Orwell forecasted actions looking the social and political
events through the world. Especially, the annexation policy of the USSR in
Europe during this time is described by the author. As George Orwell
described himself as “democratic socialist”he could easily understand
the policy of the USSR and wanted to warn the world the coming danger
by showing possible events that would be occur if the whole world kept
silence to the injustice occupation if the USSR.
The main character in the “Nineteen Eighty Four” Winston Smith is
the one of the few ones could be aware of coming danger and eager to do
something to avoid the danger. However, it’s shown in his image how
the government manipulates and change private thinking in order to
gain satiability.
The physical and psychological details shown in the work and the
connection of the dystopian work with real events during this time are
examined through this research paper.
Key Words: manipulation, 1984, dystopia
30
April 22-23, 2011
LOYALTY AND UNFAITHFULNESS IN
“KING LEAR”
Sevilay Tosun
Qafqaz University
Sevilay.tosun@hotmail.com
“King Lear” is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, (1564-1616)
considered to be one of his greatest dramatist masterpieces. It is one of
the most important figures in old British mythology. Also it’s the hardest,
complex play and has many multiple sizes, so it has comedy within the
tragedy, tragedy within the comedy.
The main issue in “King Lear” , is the abuse of power. It’s noted
about Bladud’s son, King Lear and among his three daughters. They are
Gonorilla, Regan, Cordelia. The smallest one is Cordelia. She is more
superior than her sisters not only as a character but also soul healt. He
decides to divide his country among his three daughters and offers the
largest share to the one who loves him best. While two daughters show
their love making compliments, exaggerating but the small girl Cordelia
couldn’t say anything about her love to his father so can’t take any inheritance. His one of daughters marries with Albants Duke and the other
one Corneval Duke. When he dies, he wants to share his realm between
them. Cordelia can’t take anything. After this event, Prens of Galya wants
to marry to Cordelia . King Lear gives her without dower. When King is
older, two of his daughters dont’t wait for his death, starts to share the land
and gives him money monthly. Because of the race between the daughters,
this salary gradually induces. Lear couldn’t see the reality of Cordelia’s
true love for him, also he banishes one of his followers, Kent.
Finally, Leir has to take refuge with Prens of Galya. After Aganıppus
heard how to behave his big daughters to him and he invades to Britain
with his army and so Leir recruit his strength again. He announced that
after his death, Cordelia supplied his father’s place. After than Cordelia
governs the country for five years. At this time her husband who is Prınce
of Galya dies. Gonerilla and Regan’s cousıns don’t want to govern Britain
by a woman, so starts a war. Then Cordelia is prisoned by them. She can’t
put up with this situatıon so he kills herself while in prison.
31
At the begining of the play Lear has plenty of assurance , proud of
himself, don’t think too highly of anybody moreover he is an antogonist.
Neither he knows anything about his daughter’s characters nor understands
people around him. He doesn’t realize that Cordelia’s good moral character. He banishes his near friend Kent who comes out against his unfair
ideas. In this way, he answerbacks Kent’s loyalty as an unfaithfullness.
In spite of Goneril’s ambitious character, Regan’s sneaky behaviours,
Cordelia has an impressive personality with her pure, fair character. Also
she fascinates with her loyalty other people who have fair personality
like King of France Gloucester and then Lear. She is a young woman who
doesn’t consult her’s own advantage valso even doesn’t indigate to
anybody. On the other hand this little woman is so powerful. She goes to
Britain and enter into the war. Her only faulty is not to know how resists
against injustice on time.
As a general survey, it can be thought that Goneril and Regan are
worse from each other. Goneril who poisons her sister, tries to kill her
husband, is an example of unfaithfullness. On the other hand Regan is the
only woman who is the most dangerous, unique among the Shakespeare’s
women characters
Key words: realm, loyalty, unfaithfullness.
1.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Lear
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S
INSULTS IN HAMLET
Yeganə Ağayeva
Qafqaz University
agayevaygane@yahoo.com
Bakı / AZERBAIJAN
When speaking about the dramaturg of the Renaissance first we think
of the well-known English Dramatist of the epoch William Sakespeare
who was on the top of the art of dramaturgy. The creativity of the Shakes32
April 22-23, 2011
peare’s is on the top of the mankinds moral wealth so that it does ot know
the limitation of the geographical borders, ethnic diversity, national
psychology and gains victory on the time.The height of the man’s worth
and moality, humanism, sainthood of the love is core of his works.In spite
of these he could criticize and insult the man’s some character and show
it to his readers. With this aim here will be written about Shakespeare’s
insults.
Key words: Shakespeare, work, character, insults.
1.
2.
OF THE METAPHORS INDICATING
RIGHT AND WRONG IN THE WORKS OF
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE AND MEVLANA
JELALEDDIN RUMI
Ali Tatlı
Qafqaz University
There are some pathfinders both in the west and the east. Two great
pathfinders William Shakespeare and Mevlana Jelaleddin Rumi have
been broadening the view of life of the people. Both of them has used
metaphors in their works and opened windows to the characters of people
by means of the work they have accomplished. In this paper we have
examined the sources (life and environment) that feed those pathfinders
and their manifestation upon the people.
Key words: Metaphor, Right, Wrong
REFERENCES
Vilyam Şekspir/Seçilmiş əsərləri 1-ci cild/”Öndər nəşriyyat”Bakı 2004
Shakespeare ‘s English Historical plays”Qafqaz University press/No41”2009
ON ENGLISH AND AZERBAIJANI EPOS
Konul Ezizova
001konul@mail.ru
Folk literature, also called folklore or oral tradition, the lore (traditional
knowledge and beliefs) of cultures having no written language. It is
transmitted by word of mouth and consists, as does written literature, of
both prose and verse narratives, poems and songs, myths, dramas, rituals,
proverbs, riddles, and the like. Nearly all known peoples, now or in the
past, have produced it. Until about 4000 bc all literature was oral; but,
beginning in the years between 4000 and 3000 bc, writing developed both
in Egypt and in the Mesopotamian civilization at Sumer.
The paper deals with the English and Azerbaijani folk literature and
discusses some facts on it.
Key words: Folk literature, Robin Hood, Koroglu, epos, “dastan”
33
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
34
REFERENCES
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. © 2002 by the
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Plato, Dialogues (427 BC - 347 BC), Apology
C.C.W. Taylor, Past Masters: Socrates, Oxford University Press, USA. 2001
Antony Gray, Machıvalli The Prince ,Wordsworth,1997, 5
Ali Ihsan Kolcu,Batı Edebiyatı ,2003,235
William Shakespeare, The Library Shakespeare Really Useful Map Company Ltd.India
2007
Necla Pekolcay,Đslami Türk Edebiyatı,Cağaloğlu Yayınevi, Đstanbul,1967
Mesnevî Â. Çelebioğlu) Sönmez Neşriyât, Đst, 1967
April 22-23, 2011
THE EXPRESSION OF ANTI-HUMANISM IN
AMERICAN NOVELIST, KHALED HOSSEINI’S
WORK “THE KITE RUNNER”
THE ROLE OF THE BRITISH ORIENTALISTS IN
THE STUDY OF THE ISLAMIC CULTURAL WORLD
Ayten Zeynalli
Qafqaz University, Pedagogy Faculty
English Language and Literature Department
Baku / AZERBAIJAN
bereketali@gmail.com
Ali Bereket
zeynalli_ayten@mail.ru
Khaled Hosseini is an American novelist and Physician of Afghan
origin. Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1965.He has
lived in the United States since he was fifteen years old and is an American citizen. While in medical practice, Khaled Hosseini began writing
his first novel.It’s called “The kite Runner”.This novel was published in
2003 and has since become international bestseller published in 48 “The
Kite Runner” is a beautiful fiction, beautiful book. This unusually eloquent story is about the fragile relationships between fathers and sons,
humans and their gods,men and theircountries. ”The Kite” is the central
image of that novel.Because the writer Khaled Hosseini say :”I had seen
that news report about the Taliban having banned kite flying.So the kites
were the first thing that came to my mind when I decided to write this
novel”.
The Kite Runner is a vivid picture of Afghanistan thirty years ago. It
tells a story of fierce cruelty and fierce yet redeeming love. The story
starts in the 70s in Afghanistan and it’s very beautiful. But then basically through the invasion of the Russians and Taliban everything The
main characters of novel is two young boys who are friend in Afghanistan Amir and Hasan .
Key words: Khaled Hosseini, The kite Runner, fiction
We observe that many scientists carried out reseraches in the direction
of Asia in certain periods. Especially the researches orientalists carried
out, attract the attention among these studies. These studies have been
accepted as valuable resources for further studies in this field. It is seen
that many orientalists wrote very valuable works with the intention of
recognizing Islamic world and realizing their aims. The study of the
Middle East or orientalism as an area of research started appearing in
the West in the medieval period. In fact British oriental studies started
in the 15th century. The orientalists of that period mainly consisted of
largely pilgrims and amateur groups composed of men of religion, but
those people made a lot of serious mistakes. Christian orientalists had
important researches, especially within the framework of specific goals
with the idea of getting more information on Islamic world. They especially served their countries and the world under some roles; religious,
colonial, economic and scientific roles. This paper deals with orientalists’ purposes
Key words: Oriental researches, West, East, E. G. Browne, Islam
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
35
36
REFERENCES
A.J. Arberry, British orientalists, Adprint limited, London 1943.
Süleyman Derin, Đngiliz oryantalizmi ve Tasavuf, Küre yayınları, Đstanbul 2004.
Hamdi Zakzûk, Oryantalizm, Işık yayınları, Đzmir 1993.
Dr. Muhammed el-Behiy, el-Fikru’l-Đsl’amî el-Hadis ve Sılatühû bi’l-Đsti’mari’lGarbi, Daru’l-Fikr, Beyrut 1973.
http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H014.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalism_(book)
http://www.renaissance.com.pk/FebBoRe2y6.htm
THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE TEACHING
TECHNIQUES ON THE COMPREHENSION AND
PRODUCTION OF L2 IDIOMS
Seyyede Mahsa Amini
Islamic Azad University, Takestan branch, Iran
mahamin2000@gmail.com
In the EFL context, cooperative learning is increasingly used to
achieve many academic goals. Since few studies have examined the effect
of cooperative learning on leaning idioms, the present study investigated
the effects of Jigsaw, Group Investigation (GI), and Student Teams
Achievement Division (STAD), as 3 techniques of cooperative learning,
on the comprehension and production of English idioms. Four classes of
Iranian EFL learners (n=137) at BA level participated in the study. Each
group received instruction in one of the above-mentioned cooperative
teaching techniques, and there was a comparison group, which received
conventional non-cooperative treatment. Two one-way ANOVA procedures were used to analyze data. The results indicated that there were
statistically significant differences between cooperative teaching and
traditional methods. As a result, Jigsaw, STAD, and GI were all more
effective in both comprehension and production of English idioms than
individual learning. The findings can be implicated by the syllabus and
textbook designers, teachers, and learners.
Key words: Cooperative learning, individual learning, idiom comprehension, idiom production
EDUCATION
37
38
April 22-23, 2011
PERSONALITY PREFERENCES: ARE LEARNERS
AND TEACHERS AT LOGGERHEADS?
LITERATURE AND ELT AS SL/FL
Tara Dasmah MA
Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information & Communication
Technology, India
raveekaul@gmail.com
Vineet Kaul
Islamic Azad University - South Tehran Branch
taradsmh@gmail.com
Learning is believed to be affected by a host of reasons. It does not
take much common sense to say that a whole lot of different psychological factors which could contribute to or hinder learning are at play.
Even the senses could determine our learning. Personality preferences
affect our learning and its pace also. As Hellyer, Robinson and Sherwood (1998) hold our personality influences our source of energy, the
way we absorb information, the means we employ to make decisions and
the approaches we have towards work and play. The four different parameters form continua, the two ends of which are what we might tend to
approach, based on our personality type. This categorization, commonly
known as Myres-Briggs Type Indicator shortly termed as MBTI was
first proposed by Myres and Briggs. This lack of knowledge regarding
the students’ preferences can at times lead to disastrous classes for
both teachers and students in that each party blames the other for being
intolerant or even worse incompetent for the very class. The purpose of
this study is to familiarize the students and their teachers with what
their preferences are. To this end, the researcher will administer a questionnaire to find out about the students and teachers' personality preferences.
Key words: EFL, Learners, Teachers
39
Language may be the most appropriate trait by which to classify
humans within the order of nature, even more so than rationality or
technology — and not only because language is less honorific than rationality and more intrinsic than technology. There is now more
scholarly interest in the development of language than at any time since
the eighteenth century.With the use of language for instance, human
species have been able to make inventions, communicate ideas and spread
such inventions and ideas from generation to generation. As importance
as this human heritage is, it is a coat of many colours in many societies.
In order words, within a language group, there could be much dialectical
diversity. Therefore, there is hardly a nation or society, where just only one
language is spoken. Instead, different languages, separate human societies
and the human beings therein from one another. This does make it difficult
for people belonging to different language groups to understand one
another. Because of this, a second language that would unify all the people
of different language groups is therefore necessary if people, who speak
different languages, must have a common understanding of ideas and have
meaningful interactions in their day to day activities. Given the fact that
second language is not one’s language, it has to be taught and learnt. The
objective of this study therefore is to examine the place of literature in the
teaching and learning processes of a second language. There has been
growing interest in the role of literature in the English language classroom,
and discourse and resources for teachers have grown exponentially over
the past year or two. From time to time the need or value of teaching
literature in the language class has been questioned. This article reviews
and qualifies the arguments for and against teaching literature before
defending such teaching on three grounds: 1. literature can enhance language learning at primary level since the cognitive processes of young
learners are particularly adept at dealing with narrative structures; 2.
40
April 22-23, 2011
literature written in the target language or translated into the target language may give learners insight into other non-target language cultures,
thus preparing them to act competently and appropriately in future dealings
with representatives from those cultures; 3. literature’s contents may well
be truer to life and more relevant to learners than typical textbook topics.
Keywords: literature, language acquisition, cultural competence,
real life
ARRANGEMENT OF STUDENTS IN EFL/ESL
CLASSROOM: STRONG-WEAK STUDENTS’
INTERACTION HYPOTHESIS
beyond our competence but not beyond our understanding. Vygotsky
mentioned that the zone of proximal development (ZPD) is the difference
between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do
with help. Swain (1985) developer of comprehensible output (CO)
hypothesis states that learning takes place when encountering a gap in the
linguistic knowledge of the second language.An activity should have
some features such as information gap, choice and feedbackwhich we can
call it communicative.According to mentioned theories in this paper, the
author argues that the best way toarrange student at their benches or
desks is the strong-weak students` interaction rather than weak-weak
and/or strong-strong one.
Key words: Students` arrangement, Input Hypothesis, ZPD Hypothesis, Comprehensible Output Hypothesis, Communicative Activity
Dara Tafazoli (Iran)
Tabaran Institute of Higher Education
dara.tafazoli@yahoo.com
Despite the vast research by scholars around the world on the students`
arrangement in the classroom, little is considered about the result of their
studies. The students`arrangement in EFL/ESL classrooms is not based
on some scientific theories or hypothesis. This study is based on observation of about five English language teaching institutes and also three
universities which offer English majors in Iran. As the researcher observed these classes, he found out that because of the lack of suitable placement test, the EFL/ESL learners grouped in different classes not
appropriately and just sat at their benches and desks based on their
familiarity, friendship, randomly or etc. Although, the institutes do not
care about students` placement, but what the role of teacher in arrangement of student is. This review is going to define and determine the best
arrangement of students in EFL / ESL classrooms for better interaction
based on Input Hypothesis, ZPD Hypothesis, Comprehensible Output
Hypothesis and also Communicative Activity. Furthermore, some other
theories and hypothesis are provided to support this study. According to
Stephen Krashen (1982) the only way we can acquire language is by receiving comprehensible input. That is, we have to receive input that is just
41
THE DESTRUCTIVE AND CONSTRUCTIVE
POWER OF THE NARRATOR IN IAN
MCEWAN’S ATONEMENT
Özge Dağlı
Fatih University, Department of English Language and Literature
another__en@hotmail.com
Ian McEwan’s Atonement (2001) is a novel in which the narrator
uses her utmost power both in a destructive and constructive way through
her imagination. The novel shows how the imagination of the narrator
affects the flow of events. My essay focuses on Atonement’s narrator,
Briony Tallis, who is granted the power of imagination, which corrupts
and creates. McEwan puts the narrator in a God-like position by giving her
the power to change events as she wishes. While achieving this, McEwan
employs a different technique by combining the subject of imagination
with a complicated style of narration. Having this vast capacity of imagination, Briony turns out to be an unreliable narrator who distorts
events. She is subjective through narration and her subjectivity affects
storyline. The narrator’s subjectivity causes unreliability and it is repre42
April 22-23, 2011
sented through metafiction, a technique that seeks the question of reality
and illusion. Briony causes great misunderstandings with her destructtive power of imagination in real life; but she atones for her sin by using
her constructive power of imagination in fiction. All these techniques
that suggest unreliability in narrative, contribute to the overall effect of
the narrator’s power in both negative and positive ways.
Key words: Power of narrator, unreliable narrator, imagination,
Metafiction, destructive and constructive imagination.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN THE
ENGLISH LITERATURE LESSONS
others the answers and ask them to find a match between the two through
discussion.
Role differentiation is another way to structure interdependence.
During a group investigation project, for instance, one student might be
responsible for typing the report on his or her word processor, others for
creating Power Point to use in the presentation, and still others for delivering the actual presentation. Each group member is performing a specific task, but the success of the group as a whole depends on the cooperative and interdependent actions of all members.
Key words: Cooperative learning, task structures, Role differrentiation
1.
Səmra Qazızadə
2.
AMI Şəki filialı Xarici dil (ingilis dili)
In some schools, students get few opportunities to work on common
tasks, and subsequently, many students do not know how to work cooperatively. To help students cooperate requires attention to the kinds of
tasks assigned to small groups. It also requires teachers to teach important social and group skills, such as the ones that follow.
Task Interdependence: Cooperative learning requires that task
structures be interdependent rather than independent. An example of an
independent task is when teachers give students a worksheet, divide them
into groups, tell them they can help each other, but then require each
student to complete his or her own worksheet, which will be graded individually. Although students may help one another, they are not interdependent to accomplish the task. This same lesson would become an
interdependent task if the teacher divided the class into groups and required each group to complete one worksheet with all members’ names
on it.
Having group members share materials, as in the previous example,
is one way to structure task interdependence; having pairs of students
work on assignments together is another. Another way to structure interdependence around materials is to give some students the problems and
43
3.
4.
5.
REFERENCES
Bruner, J. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press.
Gagne, E.D., Yekovick,C.W., and Yekovick,F.R.. (1993). THE Cognitive Psychology of School Learning (2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
Joyce, Bruce, Weil, Marsha< and Calhoun, E. (2000). Models of Teaching (6th ed.).
Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Race, P., and Race, P.(2001). The Lecturer’s Toolkit: A Practical Guide to Learning,
Teaching and Assessment (2nd ed.). Berkeley CA: Kogan Page.
Westra, M. (1996). Active Communication. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks\Cole.
PRESENTATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS
Mürşüdzadə Nuran
AMĐ Şəki filialı Xarici dil (ingilis dili) ixtisası
Presentations (lectures) and explanations of English literature by
teachers comprise one-sixth to one- fourth of all classroom time. Some
educators have argued that teachers devote much time to talking, and over
the years, considerable effort has gone into creating models aimed at
decreasing the amount of teacher talk and making instruction more studentcentered. The purpose of this article is to introduce the presentation
English literature teaching model and to describe how to use it effecttively. The specific presentation model highlighted here is an adaptation
44
April 22-23, 2011
of what is sometimes called the advance organizer model. This model
requires a teacher to provide students with advance organizers before presenting new information and to make special efforts during and following a presentation to strengthen and extend student thinking. This particular approach was chosen for two reasons: One, the approach is compatible with current knowledge from cognitive psychology about the way
individuals acquire, process, and retain new information. Two, various
components of the model have been carefully studied over the post forty
years, thus giving the model a substantial, if not always consistent, knowledge base.
Key words: Presentations, English literature, teachers
1.
2.
3.
4.
REFERENCES
Press.
Gagne, E.D., Yekovick, C.W., and Yekovick, F.R.. (1993). THE Cognitive Psychology of School Learning (2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
Race, P., and Race, P.(2001). The Lecturer’s Toolkit: A Practical Guide to Learning, Teaching and Assessment (2nd ed.). Berkeley CA: Kogan Page.
5. Westra, M. (1996). Active Communication. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks\Cole.
Ultimately the shared goals are accomplished individually by each
team member, and collectively by the group as a whole.
Clarify Aims and Establish Set. Some aspects of clarifying the aim
for the lesson and establishing set are no different for cooperative learning
than they were for other models. Effective teachers begin all lessons by
reviewing, explaining their objectives in understandable language, and
showing how the lessons extend beyond a particular day or week and
because the goals and objectives are multifaceted, the teacher normally
puts special emphasis on this phase of instruction.
Key words: Cooperative Learning, instructional strategy, students,
REFERENCES
Press.
Race, P., and Race, P.(2001). The Lecturer’s Toolkit: A Practical Guide to Learning,
Teaching and Assessment (2nd ed.). Berkeley CA: Kogan Page.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CONDUCTING COOPERATIVE LEARNING
IN ENGLISH LESSONS
CONDUCTING PROBLEM-BASED -PBL LESSONS
Rəhimova Nərgiz
AMI Şəki filialı Xarici dil (ingilis dili)
Firuz Mammadov
AMI, Şəki filialı Xarici dil (ingilis dili)
Cooperative Learning is an instructional strategy where small teams
of students, usually two to six members, work together to maximize their
individual and collective learning. After team members are organized into
these small groups and receive instruction from their teacher, students
within the team cooperate with one another and work through the assignment until each team member suc-cesssfully understands and completes it.
45
Problem-based learning is one of the important methods of learning
English literature. There are five phases of problem-based learning. Desired teacher and student behaviors associated with each of these phases
are described in more details in the following sections.
Phase first- Orient Students to the Problem. At the start of a
problem-based lear-ning, just as with all types of lessons, teachers
should communicate clearly the aims of the lesson, establish o positive
46
April 22-23, 2011
attitude toward the lesson, and describe what students are expected to
do. With students who are younger or who have not been involved in
problem-based learning before, the teacher must also explain the model's
proces-ses and procedures in some details. Point that elaborating includes
the following:
• The primary goals of the lesson are not to learn large amounts of
new information but rather how to investigate important problems
and how to become an independent learner. For younger students this
concept might be explained as lessons in which they will be asked
to figure things out on their own.
• The problem or question under investigation has no absolute “right”
answer, and most complex problems have multiple and sometimes
contradictory solutions.
• During the investigative phase of the lesson, students will be encouraged to ask questions and to seek information. The teacher will provide assistance, but students should strive to work independently or
with peers.
• During the analysis and explanation phase of the lesson, students
will be encouraged to express their ideas openly and freely. No idea
will be ridiculed by the teacher or by classmates. All students will be
given an opportunity to contribute to the investigations and to express
their ideas.
Key words: Problem-based learning, learning, English literature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
REFERENCES
Press.
Race, P., and Race, P.(2001). The Lecturer’s Toolkit: A Practical Guide to Learning, Teaching and Assessment (2nd ed.). Berkeley CA: Kogan Page.
47
STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Məmmədova Elmira
AMI Şəki filialı Xarici dil (Đngilis dili)
Students who have learning disabilities or who are challenged have
special needs that must be met if they are successfully function in and
out of school. Features of Special Education Today. The aim of the
Indivi-dualswith Disabilities Education Act was to ensure a free and
appro-priate public education for all children in setting that was most
suitable for their needs.It also guaranteed due process. This legislation
introduced the concept of mainstreaming, a strategy to move children
out of special education and into regular classrooms to the degree
possible. At first, only children who had mild disabilities were placed in
regular classrooms. The concept of inclusion followed on the heels of
mainstreaming and promoted a wider goal-including all students, even
those with severe disabilities, into regular classrooms. Unlike main
streaming, inclusion begins with students in regular classrooms and
makes provisions for pulling them out for services as needed.
Mainstreaming and inclusion are important even if law did not mandate
them.Other educational be-nefits accrue in addition to alleviation
discrimination. For example, children with special needs in regular
classrooms have the opportunity to learn appropriate social and
academic behaviors by observing and modeling other children. Children
without disabilities also benefit by seeing firsthand the strengths and
potential contributions, as well as limi-tations, of their disabled peers.
The school environment and society at large are thereby enriched.
Children are to be educated within the least restrictive environment.
Key words: Students, disabilities, school, Special Education
REFERENCES
1. Bruner, J. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2. Gagne, E.D., Yekovick, C.W., and Yekovick, F.R.. (1993). THE Cognitive Psychology of School Learning (2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
48
April 22-23, 2011
3. Joyce, Bruce, Weil, Marsha< and Calhoun, E. (2000). Models of Teaching (6th ed.).
4. Race, P., and Race, P.(2001). The Lecturer’s Toolkit: A Practical Guide to Learning, Teaching and Assessment (2nd ed.). Berkeley CA: Kogan Page.
5. Westra, M. (1996). Active Communication. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks\Cole.
THE WAYS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
STUDENTS’ ORAL SPEECH IN ENGLISH
is why I would like to mention again that to reduce the tension and embarrassment is very essential.
Key words: Oral speech, speech, curriculum, communication
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Byrne, D. (1986) Teaching Oral English Longman House
2. Littlewood, W. (1992) Teaching Oral Communication Oxford
3. Rivers, W.M. (1968) Teaching Foreign-Language Skills The University of Chichago
Press
MODERN APPROACHES TO EDUCATION IN
AZERBAIJAN AND IN AMERICA
Lale Maharramova
Scientific adviser: Sadiqova Yaqut
Anvarzade Khonul
Qasimova Azade
Azerbaijan Cooperation University
q_aza_555@yahoo.com
Azerbaijan Cooperation University
Languages require more practical speaking experiences. But to improve these speaking skills requires a lot of efforts. There are different
ways of developing speaking abilities among students. Firstly I would
like to say that there must be natural speaking enviroment for the students to practice and apply their theoretical knowledge and students
should feel confident to talk and increase their skills and of course, it is
not so easy to arrange this kind of atmosphere in non-native speaking
country. Live discussions should be carried out and great range of students should be involved in to participate in discussions. Sometimes
students feel shy and much embarrassed to participate and demonstrate
their knowledge, to eliminate these barriers causing hard atmosphere for
students interesting topics ahould be chosen by skillful teachers and
trainers and friendly and fun based atmosphere should be created for students’ thorough participation. These kind of events would help students
to cope up with their embarrasment and would help them to interact, communicate and learn from each others, because sometimes students are
sure to have some speaking skills and we can say that they do not have
any language knowledge but due to the complex of being shy and embarrassed they can not demonstrate and improve speech skills more, that
49
Education system in Azerbaijan is regulated by the Ministry of
Education of Azerbaijan. In the pre-Soviet period, Azerbaijani education
included intensive Islamic religious training that commenced in early
childhood. Beginning at roughly age five and sometimes continuing until
age twenty, children attended madrasahs, education institutions affiliated
with mosques. In 1865 the first technical high school and the first women's
high school were opened in Baku. Education through the eighth grade is
compulsory. Currently, there are 104,925 undergraduate and graduate students, studying in higher education institutions, excluding the specialized
higher education schools. Universities employ 11,566 professors and
12,616 faculty members in the country. The most significant institutions
of higher education are the Baku State University, Azerbaijan State Oil
Academy (ASOA), Azerbaijan Technical University, the Pedagogical
Institute, Azerbaijan Languages University, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku Academy of Music, Western University Azerbaijan Cooperation University and Khazar University. Baku State University established
in 1919, The Institute of Petroleum and Chemistry, established in 1920.
Key words: Education, Azerbaijan, America, Modern approach
50
April 22-23, 2011
1.
2.
3.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Best,W.J.(1977). Research in Education. (3rd. ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Cookson, P. S., and Chang, Y. (1995). The multidimensional audioconferencing
classification system (MACS). The American Journal of Distance Education, 9(3),
18 – 36.
Fulford, C. P., and Zhang, S. (1993). Perception of interaction: The critical predicttor in
distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education, 7(3), 8 – 21.
1.
REFERENCES
www. raghdah.wordpress.com/2009/04/21what-is-communicative-language- teaching
2.
www.en.wikipedia.org/wki/communicative–language–teaching
faculty.ksu.edu.sa/alhumaidi/…/Communicative Language Teaching.pdf
3.
www. professorjackrichards.com
4.
www.cal.org/resources/digest/gallow01.html
5.
www2.vobs.at/communicative_language_teaching.htm
COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT)
EDUCATION PROBLEMS IN PUBLIC
SCHOOLS OF AZERBAIJAN
Aysel Azimova
Khazar University
Baku / AZERBAIJAN
aysel-02@mail.ru
Afer Ibrahimov
This article deals with the current approach in English language
known as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). Communicative
language teaching makes use of real-life situations that necessitate communication. Over the last decades, CLT has been a dominant teaching
method over traditional methods such as, Grammar-Tranlation method
or the Audio-Lingual method in English as a Second Language (ESL)
or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. Despite this fact,
many teachers who are relatively new to the profession are less likely to
be familiar with this approach. Moreover, some teachers have imprecise
notion of CLT and they have difficulties in implementing CLT in ESL
and EFL situations. Thus, the article is aimed at giving an introduction
to the communicative approach for teachers and teachers-in-training who
want to create real life communication in their classrooms. It reviews
the origin of CLT, the goals of language teaching, and the role of
teachers and learners in the classroom. This digest mentions some types of
communicative activities that can be developed in a class from the communicative point of view.
However, there are some misconceptions about CLT to be dealt
with. Some points of criticism are provided in this article.
Key words: CLT, English language, EFL, ALM
51
Qafqaz University
International Conflicts Research Center
afer1985@hotmail.com;
aibrahimov@qu.edu.az
Today as being in the past there are a lot of problems in the public
school of Azerbaijan. Public school education may be on the verge of
more revolutionary change. Today is a critical time for the Azerbaijan
educational system.
There are a number of important issues that need to be explored and
reflected upon before decisions are made that impact staff and students,
as well as the community as a whole. In this paper, the major problems
existed in the public school of Azerbaijan were examined and solutions
to the problems were offered. Moreover, the role of technology, the funding problems that public schools face, need for skilled staffs and some
other important issues were also analyzed.
Key words: Azerbaijan, public school, private schools, problems,
solutions.
52
April 22-23, 2011
MODERN APPROACH TO TEACHER-STUDENT
RELATIONS
ROLE OF THE TEACHER-PUPIL RELATIONS
IN THE PROCESS OF MODERN EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
Esra Arslan
Qafqaz University
Faculty of English language and literature
missarslan@hotmail.com
Naile Guluzadeh
Today the popularity of teaching as an occupation is not regreted as
high reated one among youngest. One of the many reasons is that teachers
are paid less than engineers, doctors or lawyers but even presidents are
educated by teachers. In the very past teachers had a high position in the
society. The reason of this was that there were less educated people. But for
now almost any body is able to read and write. In order to cope with this
problem some modern approaches. Teaching should be counted as an
occupation. Teacher and students should be like respected relations should
be organized. Teachers should gain their previous reputation in the society.
Students should see their teachers as a source of information kindness.
Key words: teacher, student, relation, teaching
Teacher must be active listener and recieve student`s thoughts, valorize and gratitude, and must be answer the questions detailed. Language using in the intercourse time is very important with young pupils.
In future democratized doctrine creates conditions to pupils forming of
outlook and taking fitting places in the society. Human brain before
comprehends every sentence positive meanings, later can change it to the
negative sentence. With adults using negative sentences in the intercourse, pupils automatically will be able to tell words negative and refutable.Three environments creation in the process of doctrine are based
on the relationship between teacher and pupil in the class. Each pupil
would not able to be interested to intercourse with teacher.
Key words: relationship between teacher and pupil, teacher, process of
doctrine, pupils, cooperation principle.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Qafqaz University
elmirq@hotmail.com
REFERENCES
Gelişim ve öğrenme pskolojisi 7.baskı editör:binnur yeşilyaprak
Planlamadan uygulamaya öğrenme sanatı2.baskı özcan demirel
Educational psychology 2nd edition kelvin seifert and rosemary sutton
www.benimblogcu.com/dersveorenci/210362
www.gencogrenci.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
53
54
REFERENCES:
Ağayev Ə.Ə. doctrine process: tradition and contemporaneity. Baku: Adiloğlu,
(2006), page 365.
Şakir Çınkır. Method of effective relationship of teacher-pupil at school.Turkey, (2008).
Jones, V.F. ve Jones, L.S11. Comprehensive Classroom Management: Creating
Communities of Support and Solving Problems. Allyn and Bacon: Boston, USA.
(2002).
Bedur, 2007; Birch və Ladd, 1998; Crosnoe, Johnson və Elder, 2004.
Əlizadə H.Ə. The demographic problems of educatin.Baku: Maarif, (1993).
Mehrabov A.O. The modern problems of Azerbaijani education.Baku: Mütərcim,
2007.
April 22-23, 2011
DEVELOPED TEACHING METHOD IN
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
THE FIVE KEY STEPS TO ACHIEVING
SUCCESS FOR YOUR EDUCATION
Leyla Alili
Matanat Rustamova
Qafqaz University
Lityum_18@hotmail.com
Qafqaz University
matanatrustamova@yahoo.com
Teaching method can best be defined as the types of principles and
methods used for instruction. There are many types of teaching methods,
depending on what information or skill the teacher is trying to convey.
Class participation, demonstration, recitation, and memorization are some
of the teaching methods being used. When a teacher is deciding on their
method, they need to be flexible and willing to adjust their style according to their students. Student success in the classroom is largely based
on effective teaching methods. In the classroom environment, it is often
difficult to give the students opportunities to present their knowledge.
Because, there are many different types of people. Some of them have
great knowledge, but they aren t able to show themselves. Such students
overcome their problems using technology in learning. So, such students
can overcome shyness. The universities and schools need to give these
students the skills to know how to work with others and their abilities.
Key words: teaching method, lesson explaining, demonstrating,
teacher enthusiasm.
Each of us has preferred ways of learning, approaches that work best
for us. And our success is not just dependent on how well we learn, but on
how we learn. Learning styles reflect our preferred manner of acquiring,
using, and thinking about knowledge. We don’t have just one learning
style, but a profile of styles. Even though our ability may be identical to
someone else’s, our learning styles might be quite different. You probably
already know quite a lot of about your learning styles. Maybe you do
particularly well in your biology classes while struggling with English
literature.Or it may be the other way around. Because biology tends to
be about natural processes, teachers present the subject as a series of reaed facts. English literature, however requires you think more abstractly,
analyzing and synthesizing ideas. hough we may have general prefeences for fact-based learning or learning that requires more abstract
thining, we all use a variety of learning styles. Some involve our prefeenes regarding the way information is presented to us, some relate to how
we think and learn most readly and some relate to how we think and learn
most readly, and some relate to how our personality traits affect our
perormance. We’ll start by considering the prefences we have for how we
initially perceive information.
Key Words: Learning styles, study notes, rewrite material, urposes,
ask questions, taking notes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
REFRENCES
Ahrenfelt, Johannes, and Neal Watkin. 100 Ideas for Essential Teaching Skills
(Continuum One Hundred). New York: Continuum, 2006.
Carey, Lou, and Walter Dick. The Systematic Design of Instruction. Tampa: Harper Collins, 1990.
National Board Certified Digital Edge Teachers. Teaching Methods: Demonstrations.
Patrick, B.C., Hisley, J. & Kempler, T. (2000) "What's Everybody so Excited about?":
The Effects of Teacher Enthusiasm on Student Intrinsic Motivation and Vitality”, The
Journal of Experimental Education, Vol. 68, No. 3,
55
1.
2.
56
REFERENCES
The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 2001(Higher Education Research
Institute, 2000)
Noteworthy: listening and Notetaking Skills. By Phyllis Lim and William Smalzer
(William S.Hein and Co., 1995)
April 22-23, 2011
TACTICS TO TEACH VOCABULARY
THE PLACE OF EDUCATION IN SOCIAL LIFE
Khazar Novruzov
Sarvin Alizada
Qafqaz University
novruzovkhazar@yahoo.com
Qafqaz University
Alizade_servin@yahoo.com
In order to teach something, an instructor can employ a lot of ways.
The extent to which the instruction is successful depends significantly
on the way or method employed. Language teaching seems to be switching
its focus from one method to a more effective one so that students are more
proficient in the taught or target language. I propose some tactics to acelerate acquisition of English vocabulary. They are a number of ways of
grouping new words. Two presumptions underlie my tactics. First, I believe that the first encounter with words is crucial in keeping them in
mind. My second presumption is that words can easily be learnt in
meaningful groups. I quoted those who provide empirical proof for my
presumptions, hence the tactics are valuable and I recommend them to
anybody who teaches or learns English.
Key words: method, tactic, first encounter, association, presumption
In my research article, Education has a great influence of the social life.
It doesn’t depend on genders:men or women. It may be depend on higher
education. Education is a very essential for our life and therefore that is
a positive development that more and more people are continuing their
education during their life. A more educated population must have a positive impact on a country. From the point of view of the people themselves, they have more choice as to what they can. However there are some
uneducated people, as well. We can make an effort for increasing the new
education methods, which can make education, learning easy and fascinating. Especially I want to highlight women’s position in the education
life And it is undeniable fact that, nowadays women impact to our
education from positive side. All in all, in my opinion in the near future
women’s position will boost in the education life.
Key words: education, women’s position, knowledge, new methods.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Richards Jack C and Rodgers Theodore S.(2001). Approaches and Methods in
Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.
Cook Vivian.(2001). Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. London.
Stern H,H.(1991). Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. Oxford University Press.
Talıbov Y,R. Ağayev Ə, A. Đsayev Đ,N. Eminov A. S.(1993).Pedaqogika.Bakı.
Bayramov Ə, S. Əlizadə Ə, Ə. (2002).Psixologiya.Bakı.
Ur Penny. (2010).Vocabulary Teaching in middle and high school. www.etai.org.il,
Afula
Alexander Louis George. (2003). Longman English Grammar. Longman.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_method
57
1.
2.
58
REFERENCE
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education
Forest, James and Kevin Kinser (2002). Higher Education in the United States: An
Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
April 22-23, 2011
3.
THE EFFECTIVE USE OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION AND ITS PLACE IN THE
TEACHING PROCESS
4.
Australia, 2004
Qafqaz University
nigarorucova@live.com
Nonverbal messages are an essential component of communication
in the teaching process and communication. It plays an important role in
teaching process. It is one of the methods applied in our daily life
relations. Unconsciously, we people often use nonverbal communication
in creating meaning because it is one of the constant forms of communication. The voice tones, facial expressions, body movements, gestures
used in communication are one of the major parts of non-verbal communication. In fact, we use them every day. These features will be effective
only with verbal communication and give it weight.
That is, a teacher can be an expert in his or her field, but if he or she
cannot communicate that knowledge in a way that students understand,
learning is not achieved. This paper discusses the effective use of nonverbal communication, specifically its place in teaching process and deals
with the necessity and importance of using nonverbal communication in
classroom and examines the categories of nonverbal communication which
consist of body language. In this article, the importance of non-verbal
signals we send while teaching and giving presentations, the paramount
importance of use of nonverbal communication while speaking and giving
messages to the students and audiences were examined.
Key words: Nonverbal communication, teaching, teacher, classroom.
2.
Hartley G. and Karinch M. Body Language Handbook. Career press, New York, 2010,
Navarro J. What Every Body is Saying. Harper publications, New York, 2008
Lambert David. Body Language 101. Skyhorse publishing, New York, 2008
5. Pease Allan & Barbara. The Definitive Book of Body Language. Pease International,
Nigar Orujova
1.
REFERENCE
Darn S. Aspects of Nonverbal communication. The Internet TESL Journal (Vol.
XI, No. 2, February 2005)
Communication for Teachers by Joseph L. Chesebro , SUNY Brockport, James C.
McCroskey, Allyn & Bacon, article name: Student Nonverbal Communication and its
Influence on Teachers and Teaching by Timothy P. Mottet and P Richmond, 2002
59
“EDUCATION SYSTEM” IN VICTORIAN
ENGLAND
Aysel Musayeva
Qafqaz University
aysel_musayeva@hotmail.com
The purpose of this paper is to analyzing Victorian period’s education
system and deprivation of education to the poor children of the period.
The nineteenth century England government offered no organized educational system. Because of, children were one of the underprivileged
members of society not every child had the opportunity to go to school.
Children of the Victorian period were educated depending on their financial circumstances, social class, religion and values. The higher class
children were educated at home by governesses or tutors and the middle
class children usually went to private schools that were not as expensive
as tutors. However, the lower class had rare prospects of acquiring education because of the expensive fees. Poverty was one of the major causes
that made social problems grew. And deprivation of education to the poor
children was one of these problems. Instead of, getting education poor
children were forced to work as soon as they were old enough to earn
money for their families. Further, the government of England supported
a free educational system for all children with the 1870 Education Act.
Key words: Victorian period, education system, the poor children
1.
2.
60
REFERENCES
Lassonde, Stephen. “Learning and Earning: Schooling, Juvenile Employment, and
the Early,
Life Course in Late Nineteenth – Century New Haven.” Journal of Social History,
Vol. 29:4.
April 22-23, 2011
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Altick, Richard, D. Victorian People and Ideas: A Companion for the Modern Reader
of Victorian Literature. London: Norton and Company, 1974.
Reay, Barry. “The Context and Meaning of Popular Literacy: Some Evidence from
Nineteenth Century Rural England.” Past and Present, No 131. (1991): 89-129.
Cody, David. “Child Labour.” 1987.
http://www.landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/history/hist8.html
http://www.victorian-era.org/victorian-education.html
EDUCATION IN AZERBAIJAN
THE DIFFERENT EDUCATION SYSTEM IN
ENGLAND AND IN GREAT BRITAIN
Terlan Nesibli
Qafqaz universiteti
Đngilis Dili Ve Edebiyyatı
Bakı / AZERBAYCAN
In every country has its own education system and every country
use different education systems.Also in England and Great Britain have
some differences in their education system.
Key words: Education system in England,education system in Great
Britain.
Aygun Mirzayeva
Qafqaz university
mirzayevaaygun@gmail.com
In the period of collapse of the Soviet Union Azerbaijan and other
countries with transition economies were going through severe political,
economic and even military crises. However, paradoxical as it may seem,
in several areas, including education, new ideas were spreading and new
discourses and models were emerging. Some private universities opened and paved a new way for themselves and for the country in the field
of education by offering a new substance and adopting a new form.
Application of a student–centered system is an issue of university
culture, and therefore, it is not easy to implement it fast. Inconsistency
and contradiction between a rapidly changing environment and growing
demands, on one hand, and old, obsolete laws, on the other, play the role of
an obstacle and hold back development. Endemic corruption and bribery in
the education system is another factor leading to strengthening of central
administration and strictly diminishing the autonomy of higher education
institutions.
Key words: education , university culture , education institutions
61
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
REFERENCE
en.wikipedia.org.
www.woodlandsjunior.kent.sch.uk
britain.html
www.native-english.ru/the educational system of great-britain.
www.polyteen.poltova.ua/education/gb_uhtml.
APPLYING MODERN APPROACHES TO THE
TEACHING OF READING
Muhammad Bakhishov
Qafqaz University
muhammadbakhishov@gmail.com
The nature of reading-how people learn to process textual information-has been researched by cognitive and behavioral scientists for
many decades, and their work has contributed contrasting theories about
what works best in the teaching of reading. As a result, language educators
can choose among a wide variety of teaching methods and techniques
for students learning to read in their second language. Reading is a crucial
62
April 22-23, 2011
skill for students of English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as
a Foreign Language (EFL), and understanding the rationale behind these
methods is essential for teachers who want to improve their reading
lessons. Two main approaches explain the nature of learning to read: (1)
bottom-up processing, so called because it focuses on developing the basic
skill of matching sounds with the letters, syllables, and words written on
a page, and (2) top-down processing, which focuses on the background
knowledge a reader uses to comprehend a written text. The bottom-up
approach is associated with a teaching methodology called phonics, while
top-down approach is associated with schema theory. Lively debate still
occurs about which approach is more valid, but for many years now the
top-down approach has had a greater influence on ESL/EFL pedagogy.
In this article I will describe both views of the reading process including
some corresponding teaching activities and materials. I will also discuss
the interactionist perspective, which combines elements of both approaches
to reading instruction.
Keywords: language educators, teaching methods and technique,
approaches, bottom-up processing, top-down processing, schema theory.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
REFERENCES:
Anderson, R., and P. D. Pearson. 1988. A schema theoretic view of basis processes in
reading comprehension. In Carrell, Devine, and Eskey 1988, 37-55.
Carrell, P. L., J. Devine, and D. E. Eskey, eds. 1988. Interactive approaches to second
language reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eskey, D. E. 1988. Holding in the bottom: An interactive approach to the language
problems of second language readers. IN Carrell, Devine, and Eskey 1988, 223-38
Goodman, K. 1988. The reading process. In Carrell, Devine, and Eskey 1988, 56-70
Nunan, D. 1999. Second language teaching and learning. Boston: Heinle and Heinle
Smith, F. 1994. Understanding reading. 5th ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Tierney, R. J., and P. D. Pearson. 1994. Learning to learn from the text: A framework for improving classroom practice. In Rudell, Rudell, and Singer 1994, 496-513
THE DIRECT METHOD IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Jeyran Ibrahimova
Qafqaz University
ibrahimova.c@hotmail.com
Language teaching has been a matter of debate of decades. Linguistic
autorities have constantly developed new approaches by observing natural learning processes and sometimes by explicity rejecting existent
methods.Many have usually chosen their own method as a model and
tired to prove it by testing or applying it. These debates give rise to new
ways to pronunciation teaching as well as teaching of the other skills.
Currently disputes are going on about what to teach and how to teach
in pronunciation classes.
It is fact that accurate prononciation is really for many people a
hard task to accomplish, presumably; due to it is nature springing from
neorotical, cultural, social, an enviromental factors. Another fact is that
to create a unigue method to overcome prononciation problems sometimes
seems meaningless since the prononciation problems errors change from
one society to another and even among the learners.
Key Words: Language teaching, The Direct Method, ALM, Grammer
Translation Method.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
63
64
REFERENCES
Diane Larsen-freemen,Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching,Oxford
University press,Newyork 2000
Alatis, James E., Howard B. Altman and Penelope M. Alatis, eds. 1983. The Second
Language Classroom: Directions for the 1980’s. New York: Oxford University Press.
Blair, Robert W., ed. 1982. Innovative Approaches to Language Teaching. New York:
Newbury House Publishers.
Brumfit, Christopher. 1984. Communicative Methodology in Language Teaching.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Celce-Murcia, Marianne and Diane Larsen-Freeman. 1983. The Grammar Book:
An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course. New York: Newbury House.
ETYMOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WORD
STOCK OF THE LANGUAGE
Milana Abbasova
Khazar University
milanabbasova@rambler.ru
LINGUISTICS
I will present a paper about “Etymological survey of the word stock
of the language”. Etymologically the vocabulary of the English language is
far from being homogenous. It consists of two layers - the native stock
of words and the borrowed stock of words. Numerically the borrowed
stock of words is considerably larger than the native stock of words.
In fact native words comprise only 30% of the total number of words
in the English vocabulary but the native words form the bulk of the most
frequent words actually used in speech and writing.
In many cases a borrowed word especially one borrowed long ago is
practically indistinguishable from a native word without a thorough etymological analysis. The number of the borrowings in the vocabulary of
the language and the role played by them is determined by the historical
development of the nation speaking the language. So when studying origin
of the words, we should always look over the history of the language.
Loanwords are words adopted by the speakers of one language from a
different language. A loanword can also be called a borrowing. The abstract noun borrowing refers to the process of speakers adopting words
from a source language into their native language. "Loan" and "borrowing"
are of course metaphors, because there is no literal lending process. There
is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to
the source language. The words simply come to be used by a speech
community that speaks a different language from the one these words
originated in.
Key words: Etymology, language, word stock,loanwords
1.
65
66
REFERENCE:
Observations on the Roots, Cultivation and Hybrids of the English Language, Kate
Burridge, 2004.
April 22-23, 2011
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
same time the least recognised function of English in the world. Research
into English as a lingua franca has been slower to take off, despite pioneering work by a handful of scholars, such as Firth (1996), House (2002),
Knapp (1987), Meierkord (1998), as well as Seidlhofer and Jenkins with
their research groups. The ELFA project started in the early years of this
decade (see e.g. Mauranen 2003, 2005, 2006; Mauranen and Ranta 2008),
but it is only very recently that substantial research interest has been
expended on ELF.
Key Words: Lingua Franka, ELF, Emprical Works
An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Walter W. Skeat, 2005.
Studies in Words (New Edition), C. S. Lewis, 1990.
Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, T. F. Hoad, 1993.
The Origin of Foreign Words Used in English, Chloe Rhodes, 1995.
A course in Modern English Lexicology, R. Ginsburg.
English Lexicology, Antrushina. Ch. З.
ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA (ELF)
Lalə Sultanova
Iradə Abdullayeva
REFERENCES
www.wikipediya.com (Talk-Lingua Franca)
www.wikipdiya.com (Lingua Franca)
www.eurologos.com (Why is English the international lingua franca? Jackie
Walters)
4. www.google.com (English as a Lingua Franca in the Brazilian Academic World by
Jane Godwin Coury. Sao Carlos, Brazil, October 2001)
5. www.wikipediya.com (English as a lingua franca)
6. www.google.com (English as a lingua franca by Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of
English Applied Linguistics at the University of Vienna)
7. Crystal, D. 2003. English as a Global Language (Second edition). Cambridge:
Cambridge University
8. Jenkins, J. 2000. The Phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford:
Oxford University.
9. www.bookrags.com (Mauranen, A. 2003. ‘Academic English as lingua franca—a
corpus approach’. TESOL Quarterly 37:513–27.)
10. Meierkord, C. 1996. Englisch als Medium der interkulturellen Kommunikation.
Untersuchungen zum non-native-/non-native speaker—Diskurs.
1.
2.
3.
Qafqaz University
English has established its position as the global lingua franca beyond
any doubt; along with this status, it has become one of the symbols of
our time, together with globalisation, networking, economic integration,
and the Internet. English has been seen as a threat to local languages and
cultures, or alternatively, its global uses have been seen as a threat to
Standard English. English as a language of communication between
speakers for whom it is an additional language is assuming an increasingly
vital role outside countries where English has an official status. Taking
into consideration the points mentioned above related to the importance
of English both in Brazil and in the rest of the world. This paper will focus
on why is English the international lingua franca, the importance of English
and the emprical works about it. Although there are at least 360 million
native speakers of English world-wide, Sir Randolph Quirk, writing in the
Sunday Times on 17 April, 1994, estimates that on a global basis nonnative speakers of English now outnumber native speakers’. The fact that
so many people are using English all over the world inevitably means
that the language is changing, as individuals communicate with each other
in the way that they find the easiest. Important eye-openers have been
contributions by people like Widdowson (e.g. 1994), Seidlhofer (e.g.
2001), and Jenkins (e.g. 2000, 2007), who have pointed out that the use of
English as a lingua franca has become the fastest-growing and at the
67
68
April 22-23, 2011
LANGUAGE EXTINCTION
1.
Aytekin Eliyeva
Qafqaz University
aytekin_eliyeva@hotmail.com
2.
3.
Today statistics send SOS about the endangered languages all over
the world. Every fortnight one language dies. Some forty per cent of the
world's languages are thought to be at risk. From Alaska to Australia,
hundreds of languages around the world are on the threshold of extinctionsome being spoken only by a single person, according to a new study.
Increasing speed of losses should make us think about causes and solutions more carefully. People try to find the reasons which creates this
danger, the reasons why we need each language that slips through our
hands and all of us ought to know his or her duty about this unchangeable
fact. Our goal is to highlight the ways which makes us think more about
the complexity of the subject matter of language death. So people have
to focus on three major questions:
1) How do languages die and why?
2) What can be done?
3) Why should we care?
The life of a language can be measured with a population that
speaks it as a primary language still continues to live. But when the population of the native speakers is gone, the language is often categorized
or referred to as an extinct language. According to David Crystal “To
say that a language is dead is like saying that a person is dead. It could
be no other way – for languages have no existence without people”
(David Crystal, 2000, Language death, 1p). But opposite thoughts are
also exist because some linguists say that death of the last user does not
mean the extinction of one language and they support it by taking Coptic ancient Egyptian language which currently survives only as the liturgical
language of the Coptic Church and Latin - which is used in scholarship and
administration terminology today.
Key words: extinct language, lingua franca, linguicide, lan-guage
attrition revitalization
69
4.
REFERENCES
Crystal, David. Language death, Cambridge University Press, UK, (2000) , 209p
Kindell, Gloria. Endangered Language Groups Krauss, Michael. Does language exitnction matter? , University of Alaska Fairbanks, (2007)
Chistyakov, Boris. Nearly Extinct Languages, (2009)
Lofgren, Stefan. Languages Racing to Extinction in 5 Global "Hotspots", (2007)
Lynch, Larry M. Why Do Languages Die? , (2008)
Soares, Claire. The languages of extinction: The world's endangered tongues, (2007)
EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN TARGET
LANGUAGE LEARNING
Gunay Quliyeva
Qafqaz University
su.quliyeva@hotmail.com
This paper is about target language acquisition and how it is perceived by males and females, also what the differentiation among children
and adults about learning second language are. Some strategies and
factors for success in Language Learning will be discussed. A method is a
plan for presenting the language material to be learned – and we are
going to review methods in split second briefly. The paper is based on
the age and gender factors in language learning. According to different
points of views we will try to analyze what are the pros and cons for
children and adults in learning target language. Also evidences about
male and female’s logic and perception will be discussed .Hence, opening a
new window to the world for ourselves through language is the most
important step. Language is at the very center of human interaction and
communication. It is the bridge that connects us or the gap that may divide
us. The most important benefit of learning a second language may
simply be the different perspective and cross-cultural awareness that comes
with it.
Key words: learning, acquisition, interaction, factors-age, gender.
70
April 22-23, 2011
1.
2.
3.
4.
REFERENCES
Krashen, S. D., M. A. Long, and R. C. Scarcella. "Age, Rate and Eventual Attainment
in Second Language Acquisition."
Weisel, L. P. Adult Learning Problems: Insights, Instruction, And Implications.
Winitz, H. The Comprehension Approach To Foreign Language Instruction. Walsh, T.
M., and K. C. Diller. "Neurolinguistic Foundations to Methods of Teaching a Second
Language."
Asher, J. and Price, B. The learning strategy of total physical response: Some age
differences. Development.
CATCH PHRASES
Türkan Müftiyev
Qafqaz University
A catch phrase is a phrase or expression that becomes spontaneoussly
popularized (i.e., it "catches" on) through widespread repeated usage.
Catch phrases often originate in popular culture and are spread through
a variety of media, including word of mouth. A catch phrase's defining
features are its sudden, spontaneous, and widespread public reception,
and its adopted use by the public. In this paper we have examined catch
phrases from various points. As in all languages there are some catch
phrases in Azerbaijan language as well. Such as “Cavan adamsan özün də
heykəltəraş. Gərək başa düşəsən.”Gəlin evin süpürgəsidir. In Russian
U menya jiquli siqnalı Đtalyanski. Or in Turkish Hey adamım bu şehir
ikimize dar gelir.This shows that catch phrases are widespread in most
languages.
Key words: creation, well-known, in films
1.
2.
3.
REFERENCES
Encyclopedia of English language Cristal David.2004. Cambridge University Press
Dictionary of quotations. Encarte. 2006. 1080 OUP London
Dictionary of phrases. Oxford 1998 OUP London
COMPARATIVE FORM OF AN ADVERBIAL
CLAUSE IN ENGLISH AND AZERBAIJANI
LANGUAGES
Gunay Mammadli
Qafqaz University
gunay.memmedli@yahoo.com
As a result of my research an attributive clause is an entire clause that
adds more information about a noun; in other words, the clause serves
as a modifier of that noun in English and in Azerbaijani. Most usually, an
attributive clause will come, not immediately after its head word, but after
some other word or phrase, not containing a noun. As we know attributive
clause has two types: restrictive and non-restrictive or descriptive in
English and Azerbaijani. When I compare that attributive clause in
English and Azerbaijani I decided that the function of appositive clause is
so different, but the function of continuative clause is the same as in
Azerbaijani language.
Generally speaking, attributive clause is a sentence that is used to
modify a noun or a pronoun, called antecedents in attributive clause,
and this noun pronoun will take up a certain place in the attributive clause ,
such as a subject an object ,time of an adv place of an adv or reason of
an adv. In my research paper it is said that comparative of attributive
clause in English and in the Azerbaijan language. Attributive clauses serve as
an attributive to a noun in the principal clause. This noun or pronoun is
called the antecedent of the clause. According to their meaning and the
way they are connected with the principal clause attributive clauses are
divided into relative and appositive ones.
Key words: demonstrate pronouns, restrictive clause, relative pronouns, relative adverbs, asyndetically, continuative clause.
1.
2.
3.
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REFERENCES
Hornby , Guide to patterns and Usage in English, Oxford 1975
Ilyish, The Structure of Modern English, M-L 1965
Palmer H.A Grammar of spoken English
April 22-23, 2011
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Swan M. Practical English Usage 1984
Eckersley. C.E. Essential English ,Baku 1994
Rəhimov. H. Đngilis dilinin praktik qrammatikasi Bakı 1966
Abdullayev. Ə. A Müasir Azerbaycan dilinin qrammatikasi Bakı 1972
Dəmirçizadə. Ə. Müasir Azərbaycan dili , Bakı ,1959
DIFFERENT SHADES OF LANGUAGE TABOOS
Naila Bandiyeva
Qafqaz University
nayka89@hotmail.com
ARE ALL ENGLISH WORDS REALLY
FROM ENGLISH ORIGIN?
Turane Abdullayeva
Qafqaz University
Turane_1988@mail.ru
A native word is a word which belongs to the original English
stock, as known from the earleist available manuscript of the Old
English period. A loan word, borrowed word or borrowing is a word
taken over from another language and modified in phonemic shape,
spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of the English
language. The English language has vast debts. 70% of the entries are
borrowed (I. V. Arnold, lexicology of English). The majority were
likely to come from Latin, and of those more than half came through
French. A considerable number drove directly or indirectly from Greek. A
substential contribution came from Scandinavian languages and a small
percentage from Portuguese, Italian, Spanish and Dutch.
Key words: loan words, borrowing, assimilation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
REFERENCES
I.V.Arnold, lexicology of English, Moscow, 1986.
Thomas Finkenstaedt and Dieter Wolff, Oxford Dictionary, 1973.
John Lyons, Language and Lingistics, Cambridge University press, 1981.
Rozaii and Semenova Ginzburg, A course in modern English lexicology, Moscow 1966
5. Robert. K. Barnhart, Dictionary of Etymology, 1988.
Linguistics that possessed a great history has always been learning
language problems, its essence and position in the society. Composition
of the language that use people depends on level of their development,
style of living, economical and political conditions. Getting into account
all these pecularities, the more differences in languages of various
people, the more differences in their taboos which closely connected to
national custom and traditions. As Taboos have close connection with
moral norms and faith of society, they testify to ancient times of language
and linguistics. In this essay Taboos have been investigated from different linguistic aspects and according to learning languages’ worldwide
outlook. One of the main aim is comparative analysis of existing taboos
both in Azerbaijan and English society. It is necessary to note that restrictions which have been investigated have a relation to the past and
present time. The term taboo is of Polynesian origin which means
"under prohibition", "forbidden”, and at the same time “sacred”. It was
first introduced into the English language by Captain James Cook during
his visit to Tonga in 1771. He admired hospitality of these people and
called this land “Island of Friendship”.
Key words: taboo, restriction, linguistics, society, ethnography
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
73
74
REFERENCES
Adilov M.Đ., Verdiyeva Z.N., Ağayeva F.M. Đzahlı dilçilik lüğəti . B., 1989, 364 s.
Bronte Emily., Wuthering Heights. Ldn., 2001, 315 p.
Dəmirçizadə Ə. Azərbaycan dilinin üslubiyyatı. B., 1962, 270 s.
Franz Steiner. Taboo. Ldn., 2004, 160 p.
Philip Babcock Gove,G. & C. Merriam Company. “Webster`s The Third New International Dictionary” Ldn., 2008, 2806 p.
Qurbanov A.M., Müasir Azerbaycan Edebi Dili. Bakı ,1985. 319s.
April 22-23, 2011
SENSE PHRASES AND PROVERBS IN
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Zeynep Aşiret
Qafqaz University
zeynep_asiret@hotmail.com
If phrases are not been used, we can say that English language will
be so poor .Phrases makes English language very beautiful.To know the
meaning and the using of phrases in right way is very important in the
way of learning phrases in that language.There are many types of phrases
but this paper discusses the defination of sense phrases between English
and Turkish language and defination of phrases and proverbs.It also
highlights the using of phrases and proverbs in right context.
Key words: Phrase, Sense Phrase, Proverbs, Sense Proverbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
REFERENCE
www.onlineyizbiz.com
www.bilgicik.com/yazi/roman ozetleri-Turk ve Dunya Edebiyati`ndan
www.atasözleribilgicik.com
www.english-at-home.com
www.english-idioms-of-emotion.com
the Latin 'ad-' meaning 'to' and 'uerbum', a verb or word. An adverb is
usually attached to a verb, modifying or qualifying it. It tells us the way
in which the action of the verb is carried out. I understand that an adverb
usually tells us something about the verb. Adverbs can answer questions,
start questions, give more information, and connect parts of a sentence.
Learning adverb is very important like noun, verb, adjectives etc. Adverbs
give a sentence more description and information. They give detail
about the subject, creating a better visual while reading the sentence. A
person writes beautiful sentences with the help of adverb.
Key words: adverbs of time and frequency, adverbs of place, adverbs
of manner, adverbs of degree, pronominal adverbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
REFERENCE
www.englishtoday.com
www.wikipedia.org.
Close.R.A. A Reference Grammar for students ,1979 Moscow
By Ganshina M. and Vasilevskaya N. English Grammar, 1953 Moscow
A BRIEF LOOK TO THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
AUXILIARY AND MODAL VERBS
Vafa Bayramova
THE POSITION AND MEANINGS OF SOME
ADVERBS IN MARK TWAIN’S STORY – THE FIVE
BOONS OF LIFE
Natavan Xudadarova
Qafqaz University
I decided that I give information about adverb in Mark Twain’s
story -- The Five Boons of Life. I give information about meanings of
adverbs, position of adverbs, and etc. Adverb is one of the most important parts of English Grammar. The etymology of the word 'adverb' is
75
Qafqaz University
Baku /AZERBAIJAN
veetmehgeles@mail.ru
Modal auxiliary verbs give more information about the function of
the main verb that follovs it. The verbs can, could, may, might, ought to,
must, have to, should, would, need, used to, be going to, do, dare, had
better are called English modal verbs. Modal verbs modify the meaning
main verb. Auxilary verbs are the verbs be, do, have, will when they are
followed by another verb in order to form a question, a negative sentence, a
compound tense or the passive. Modal axuliaries occupy only the first
position in averb phrase; they may not be immediately preceded by
another verb; they invert with the subject of the sentence in interrogation; and they may be negated directly by not or –n’t.
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April 22-23, 2011
Key words: Auxiliary verbs, modal verbs, functions, using, division,
means.
CELTIC LANGUAGE SPOKEN AREAS
REFERENCES
Madeline E.Ehrman- The Meaning of the Modals in Present- day American English
Brennan.M. –Modal Auxiliary Verbs(1968).
Galinskaya.M. –English Grammar for Pedagogical Instutes(1953).
A Long Beach City College E –ESL Lesson.
Qafqaz University
Leman90@box.az
1.
2.
3.
4.
PERSONAL NAMES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Nərgiz Suleymanova
Qafqaz Universiteti
nsnergiz@gmail.com
This paper presents data on the popularity of the most frequent
personal given names (first names) in the UK over the past millennium.
The popularity of a name is its frequency relative to the total name instances sampled. The data show that the popularity distribution of names,
like the popularity of other symbols and artifacts associated with the
information economy, can be helpfully viewed as a power law. It is
assumed that given names come first and family names come last.People
take their family name from their father-but girls in Iceland take their
family name from their mother. Family names are not gender-specificbut in all the Slavonic countries,led by Russia, all female family names
end in ‘-ova’. Personal names are so important. They define in large
part who we are,how we are perceived,and even how we perceive
oursel-ves. When we meet someone new, the first thing we tell that person
about ourself is our name. Conversely, the first thing we learn about that
person is his or her name.
Key words: personal names, first name and given name
1.
2.
3.
4.
REFERENCES
Family Names and Family History by D Hey(Hambledon and London,2000)
The Ooxford Names Companion by P Hanks(OUP,2002)
First NameVariants by A Bardsley(Federation of Family History Societies,2003)
Searching for Surnames by J Titford(Countryside Books,200
77
Leman Murselova
There are 5-6 thousand languages in the Earth. Many parts of the
people speak in Spanish, English, Russian and Arabian languages. This is
necessary using the language of 100 thousand persons for keeping of the
language. More than 400 languages are considered where have disappearred at present. Languages die with last inhabitant using the language.
Cause of the being lost of the language is the wrong division among
population of the language. Principal cause of the being lost of the language
is considered globalization and migration. The Celtic languages are a
language family inside of the Indo-European languages. People who
were known as Celts spoke a language which spread over a huge area,
which are still spoken and taught today in the western part.
Historians tell more about the Celts: before the Anglo-Saxon invasions, the language spoken by the native inhabitants of the British Isles
belonged to the Celtic family,introduced by a people who had come to
the islands around the middle of the first millennium BC.(1)
There are 6 Celtic languages still spoken in the world today,spoken
in north-west Europe.They are divided into 2 groups,the Goidelic and the
Brythonic.
Key words: Celts,Goidelic,Brythonic.
REFERENCES
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language Second edition.by David
Crystal. page8
2. www.bord-nagaidhlig.org.uk/english/
5. www.gov.im/mnh/heritage/about/manxlanguage.xml
4. www.bwrdd-yr-iaith.org.uk
5. www.cornish-language.org
6.. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Languuage;page9
1.
78
April 22-23, 2011
4.
5.
6.
AMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISH
Nigar Huseynova
En.wikipedia/org/American and british spelling differences
En.wikipedia/org/wiki.american and british grammar differences
En.wikipedia/org/wiki.american and british vocabulary differences
Qafqaz University
Huseynovanigar@box.az
Languages live, die, move from place to place, and change with
time. Any language that ceases to change or develop is categorized as
a dead language. Conversely, any language that is in a continuous state
of change is known as a living language or modern language. English is
the lan-guage which has held position in the world and which has got
success. It is possible to say that need is felt to this language in the most
countries in the world. British English and American English differ
according to method of spelling, tongues, pronounciation, vocabulary
and grammar. Let’s consider the differences between British and
American English in general. These two varities of English are very
similar that most American and British speakers can understand each
other without great diffuculty. There are,however,a few differences of
grammar, vocabulary, stress and spelling. The following guide is meant
to point out the principal differ-rences between American English and
British English.
I am curious about the history of linguistic change that brought
American and British English apart,mostly pronounciation wise but also
with regard to vocabulary. I assume that American colonial English was
very similar to British English. Since then,they have grown far part,
either because Modern British pronounciation has really changed since
17th and 18th centuries. Now I know that both British and United States
each have a subset of different pronounciation patterns,regional
vocabularies and expressions.
Key words: Spelling,stress,vocabulary,grammar differences
1.
2.
3.
REFERENCES:
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English language Second edition by David
Crystal
En.wikipedia/org/wiki American and british differences
En.wikipedia/org/wiki.american history
79
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH IDIOMS WITH
THEIR DEFINITIONS IN AZERBAIJANI
LANGUAGE
Dilara Shahmamedova
Qafqaz University
sh_dilare@mail.ru
In any language there would be some phrases and expressions that
determine the concept of and actuality of this language. These expressions are divided into several groups. The most known forms are- idioms,
proverbs, metaphors, slangs, etc. among these expressions idioms play
an important role in characterizing of phraseological units.
This paper is about English idioms. It is a well-known fact that
English is heavily idiomatic. The phenomenon of vast idiomatic basis of
the English language is rather explanatory. First, English is a
multicultural language, that’s why it comes under the influence of
different languages and borrows new phraseological units extensively.
Second, as new con-cepts are developed, new terms are needed for their
indication, so instead of creating new words, we simply put together
already existent words, which acquire new sense in combination.
Idiomatic expressions have long played an important role in the English
language. In fact, the use of idioms is so widespread that understanding
these expressions is essential to successful communication whether in
listening, speaking, reading or writing. The student may learn grammar
with time, acquire adequate vocabulary, but without a working
knowledge of such idioms as above all, to get along, on the whole, and
so on, even the best speech will remain awkward and ordinary.
Key words: idiom, expression, phraseological unit, multi- word items,
category, equivalent.
80
April 22-23, 2011
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
REFERENCES
Martin Walk, The Automatic Translation of idioms.
Oxford Idioms Dictionary for learners of English, 2006.
Michael McCarthy, Felicity O’Dell, English Idioms in Use, 2002.
Robert J. Dixson, Essential Idioms in English, 2004.
Louisa Buckingham, A multilingual didactic approach to idioms using a conceptual
framework.
Jenifer Seidl, W. McMordie, English idioms, 2003.
DECLENSION OF NOUNS AND DIFFERENCES
AMONG THEM IN GERMAN AZERBAIJANI AND
ENGLISH
Gunay Alizada
Qafqaz University
gunay.alizade@gmail.com
In my research paper I wanted to give some basic information about
declinasion of nouns and distinctions among them in english german
and azerbaijani. In Azerbaijan language declinasion surrounds noun,
adjective, numeral, pronoun, infinitive. However, if noun, adjective and
other parts of speech get substantivized, they can adopt declination.
In our grammer declination was explained with different ways,
quantities.
The first declinasion of nouns in Azerbaijan language was arised in
1934. In that year's books seven cases was accepted and today in our
grammer books sixth out seven cases is used. Later, the another case was
used in grammer books and it was comitative case.
Key word : declension, case, nominative, parts of speech
1.
2.
3.
4.
REFERENCE
www.english-for-students.com/Noun-Cases.html
Daf-Portal.de
R.T.Həsənova DEUTSCH.(2006)
.M.Hüseynzadə.Müasir Azərbaycan dili(2007)
AUXILIARY VERBS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
Ahmadova Khanim
Qafqaz University
ahmadova_khanim@hotmail.com
The aim of this thesis is to explain auxiliary verbs; their functions;
quasi-auxiliary and modal verbs. Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used
to assist the verb. Sometimes called “helping verbs,” auxiliaries are little
words that come before the main verb of a sentence, including forms of be,
have, do, can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would.
Auxiliary verbs are called helping verbs because they are needed to form
many of the tenses. They tend to be involved in the expression of time,
necessity, possibility, permission, and obligation, as well as such things
as negation, affirmation, and questioning. The function of the auxiliary
verbs are passive, progressive, perfect, modal, or dummy. An auxiliary
verb combines with another verb to help form the tense, mood, voice, or
condition of the verb it combines with. They are used together with a main
verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning
to a sentence, which is not given by the main verb.
Modal verbs are also auxiliary verbs, but will be treated separately.
Historically, the modals of English, derive from a special class of verbs
in Germanic (the ancestor of English and the other Germanic languages).
In English, every clause has a finite verb which consists of a full verb (a
non-auxiliary verb) and optionally one or more auxiliary verbs, each of
which is a separate word. Examples of finite verbs include write (no
auxiliary verb), have written (one auxiliary verb), and have been
written (two auxiliary verbs).
Key words: Auxiliary verbs, their functions, quasi-auxiliary verbs, and
modals
1.
2.
3.
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82
REFERENCES
Michael, L. The English Verb 'An Exploration of Structure and Meaning'. Language
Teaching Publications.
Palmer, F. R. (1965), A Linguistic Study of the English Verb. Longmans.
Warner, Anthony, R. (1993), English Auxiliaries. Cambridge University. Press.
April 22-23, 2011
4.
5.
6.
7.
Musayev, O., Haciyev, E., Huseynov, A. (2009), A Practical Grammar of Contemporary English. Baki. Qismət.
Kaushanskaya, V., Kovner, R.(1973), A Grammar of the English Language. Leningrad.
Huddleston, R., Pullum G. (2002), The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.
Cambridge University. Press.
Chomsky, N. (1957), Syntactic Structures. The Hague Paris. Mouton.
DIALECT CHANGES IN THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Narmin Veledova
Qafqaz University
v.narmin@gmail.com
Like other languages structure of English language also has been
undergone some alterations from the moment it was created till today.
People mostly used dialects as a way of communication. There are
standard and non standard dialects in English language.Mostly people
use American and England dialects.This dialects differ from each other
in some features.Various dialects are used in America, Britain, Scotland,
Canada and other regions. The article has been concentrated on dialect
variation of English language.
Key words: dialect, variation of dialect, dialects of American and
British language
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
REFERENCES
Oxford guide to british and american culture by david crystal,page 306.
The Cambridge Encyclopedia Of The English Language Editor Jnathan Crowther
en.wikipedia.org
www.uni-due.
en.wikipedia.org
webspace.ship.edu
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LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND WEBBLOGGING
Majid Rafizade
Professor: Esther Lezra
University of California, Santa Barbara
majid_rafizadeh@hotmail.com
Weblog has become a new opportunity for young people to express
their thoughts by utilizing Internet facilities. It is also obtaining universal impetus among scholars and educators. This study attempts to
examine learners involvement in commenting and reflecting on diverse
topics and ideas. It seeks to study the affect of this activity on their language proficiency. Participants are learners of English as a foreign language.There are 50 students in present study who took part in the class
program weblog at the language school of the University of Damascus.
The data was collected in a period of one academic year while observing
the class program Weblog using several means including questionnaire,
interview, observation and IELTS proficiency test.The study reveals that
blogging is a meaningful tool, which can promote the student social
interaction and language proficiency.
Key words: Weblog, EFL, Proficiency Test
IELTS AS ONE OF THE PROFICIENCY EXAMS
Gunay Poladova
Qafqaz University
poladovagunay@gmail.com
PROFICIENCY EXAM
In my research paper I tried to explain what is IELTS and methods
of studying IELTS. Also I tried to put on the front plan the benefits of
IELTS , truly why we take this exam. As we know today students try to
improve their educational level. For this they use many ways , also
proficiency exams. In my opinion between the all proficiency exams
85
86
April 22-23, 2011
IELTS is most suitable one. Because in IELTS we can improve ourselves
in several ways; such as writing , reading , listening , speaking. Generally
today IELTS is worldwide language teaching system. As I think IELTS
improves migration system between countries which speaks English
language. It is useful for students , because they are young and wants to
know about world much more things. Also it improves their general
knowledge. They learn about different cultures and customs. In their
future life the information that they gathered will help them a lot.
Key words: IELTS , proficiency exam , English language
1.
Moment correlation to investigate correlation coefficient for a sample of
329 students randomly selected out of a population of 90858 male candidates who sat for the INUEE. The results of the study identified a high
correlation between grammar and reading comprehension, vocabulary and
reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, and language functions
and reading comprehension sub-tests for male students.
Key words: Correlation Coefficient, Iranian National University
Entrance Exam (INUEE), English Sub-test, High-stakes Test
REFERENCE
The United Kingdom’s international organization for cultural relations and educational
opportunities. British Council
MODERN APPROACHES TO PROFICIENCY
EXAMSAND INTERNATIONAL TURKISH
LANGUAGE OLIMPIAD
Vahid Uzunlar
FUNCTION OF ENGLISH SUB-TESTS OF THE
INUEE FOR MALE CANDIDATES
Qafqaz University
Maryam Javadizad
Hossein Barati. PhD.
Akbar Hesabi. PhD.
Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad Branch, Isfahan, Iran
maryam_javadizad@yahoo.com
Man has always been concerned with measurement and evaluation.
Evaluating and measuring the progress of the students have always been
an obsession for educators. As the goals of education have become more
complex and the number of students has enormously increased, education
has, accordingly, become much more difficult. Moreover, educators have
always attempted to revise existing programs and develop innovative
ones. Because of the vital role that the Iranian National University Entrance
Exam (INUEE) plays in the life of Iranian students in terms of screening
applicants for higher education, the present study aimed to investigate if
there is any highly positive correlation between various English subtests
of the INUEE for male candidates. The study utilized Pearson Product
87
Nowadays, students have to take many exams to determine their
future. A variety of different tests are appearing during education process.
They are, mounthly, one in a year, in a period of every two years and so on.
Each student giving everything to be prepared these tests. They are moat
filling their hobbies, social life and even their daily sleeping time.
Neverthless many of students are loosing their social life and turning
into an asocial individual. An irregular social life decreasing performance
and achievement. Thats why international proficiency exams shoul be
reviewed by checking modern samples them, like international Turkish
language olimpiad.
Key words: proficiency, modern, approach, international, Turkish
language, olimpiad.
1.
2.
88
REFERENCES
http://www.schoolhousemagazine.co.uk/features/revision/are-modern-exams-easier
http://www.turkceolimpiyatlari.org/index.php?konu=sayfa&id=29

English - Qafqaz University

Transcription

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