Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información Geográfica y
Transcription
Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información Geográfica y
Universidad Católica Ávila de Curso Académico 2014/2015 Planes de Estudio Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Teledetección para la planificación y Ordenación Territorial por la Universidad Católica “Santa Teresa de Jesús” de Ávila y Lomonósov Moscow State University Facultad de Ciencias y Artes UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial* Descripción del Título (*Informe Favorable ANECA 30/06/2014) Facultad de Adscripción: Facultad de Ciencias y Artes Denominación del título: Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información Geográfica para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial por la Universidad Católica “Santa Teresa de Jesús” de Ávila y Lomonósov Moscow State University. Duración: 1 año. Número de créditos ECTS totales: 60 Modalidad de Estudio: Semipresencial Plazas ofertadas en primer curso: 30 Lengua utilizada en el proceso formativo: Inglés Objetivos El diseño de los objetivos del Máster parte de los principios sobre gestión medioambiental y desarrollo sostenible recogidos en numerosos documentos elaborados por organismos internacionales (PNUMA y Agencia Europea del medio ambiente, principalmente) y nacionales (Estrategia Española de Medio Ambiente). Además de estas bases, se añaden las exigencias para los títulos oficiales indicadas en la legislación vigente y desarrollada además en otros documentos de la ANECA y agencias de calidad a nivel regional. Bajo estas premisas los objetivos propuestos son los siguientes: – Proporcionar una formación adecuada en los aspectos científicos, técnicos, sociales, económicos y jurídicos medio ambiente referente a la planificación y la ordenación territorial mediante el uso de nuevas tecnologías (Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Teledetección). Esto es así porque un buen profesional, debe poseer una visión multidisciplinar y global de la problemática, enfocada desde diversos sectores del conocimiento. – Formar profesionales con una orientación específica, teniendo en cuenta todos los aspectos citados, hacia la conservación y gestión del medio y los recursos naturales, la producción sostenible de bienes y servicios, y la planificación y la gestión de la calidad ambiental en las empresas y administraciones bajo la perspectiva de la sostenibilidad. – Dotar a los futuros profesionales de los conocimientos, técnicas y herramientas prácticas necesarias para la investigación científica y la aportación de soluciones innovadoras que contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible. Perfil del alumno El perfil de ingreso al Máster es para una persona que esté en posesión de algún título universitario relacionado con las ramas de ingeniero, ingeniero técnico, licenciado o graduado en ciencias de la tierra (ingenieros forestales, ingenieros agrónomos, ingenieros civiles, ingenieros de minas, ingenieros aeronáuticos, arquitectos, topógrafos, geógrafos, geólogos, biólogos) con conocimientos de gestión y planificación del medio natural, y adecuadas bases matemáticas y científicas sobre la observación de la tierra y manejo del territorio. Los alumnos deben tener reconocido el nivel B2 de Inglés. 2 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial Requisitos Específicos de Acceso Los admitidos deberán estar en posesión de algún título universitario relacionado con las ramas de ciencias de la tierra. En concreto deberán ser ingeniero, ingeniero técnico, licenciado o graduado en: Ingeniería forestal; Ingeniería agronómica; Ingeniería civil; Ingeniería de minas; Ingeniería aeronáutica; Arquitectura; Topografía; Geografía; Geología o Biología. Dirección del Máster Director: Prof. Dr. D. Javier Velázquez Saornil Email: javier.velazquez@ucavila.es Tel. 920 251 020 – extensión: 161 Coordinación del Máster Coordinador: Prof. D. Javier Gutiérrez Velayos Email: javier.gutierrez@ucavila.es Tel. 920 251 020 – extensión: 214 Secretaría del Máster Secretaría: Dña. Belén Vaquero Romero Email: belen.vaquero@ucavila.es Tel. 920 35 20 67 Estructura del Plan de Estudios TIPO DE MATERIA Formación básica Obligatorias Optativas CRÉDITOS ECTS TOTALES CRÉDITOS ECTS --- Asignaturas Trabajo Fin de Máster --- 48 12 60 3 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial Plan de Estudios y ECTS Denominación de los Módulos y Asignaturas Código Módulo I: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND G.I.S. (15 ECTS) Créditos ECTS 10101MS Spatial data and Geo data 3 10103MS Data management and Basics of geodata handling 3 10102MS 10104MS 10105MS Analysis of spatial data and Goprocessing Geostatistics, spatial correlation and autocorrelation Operations and Statistics 3 3 Módulo II: REMOTE SENSING (14 ECTS) 3 20101MS Image Preprocessing 3 20103MS Digital Analysis in Remote Sensing 4 10106MS Código 20102MS 20104MS Código Planning and Management 3 Image Analysis Analising Multispectral Imagery 3 4 Módulo III: APPLICATIONS G.I.S. AND REMOTE SENSING FOR LANDSCAPE PLANNING (14 ECTS) 30101MS Ecological Processes in Landscape 3 30103MS G.I.S. tools fon Lanscape Metrics 4 30102MS 30104MS Código 40101MS 40102MS Assessment of Landscape natural Resources and Senitivity and Resilence Analysis of Habitat Connectivity and Fragmentation 3 Módulo IV: G.I.S. AND R. SENSING RESEARCH (14 ECTS) 4 Research Tools 2 Master’s Thesis 12 Descriptores de las Asignaturas 1. Spatial data and Geodata Idea and Components of GIS: GIS consists of Hardware, Software, data and the user. Only if everything fits to each other, the system runs optimal. A pyramid symbolizes the main importance of the data, which are the most dynamic component. Overview about the development of GIS and its fields of application: Beginning of GIS development in landscape ecology; applications in transport, energy sector, building, tourism etc. present state of GIS applications. Introduction to spatial data: What kind of spatial data exist, how can elements show a spatial dimension. Besides the classical positioning by 4 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial coordinates, elements can be positioned by street numbers, area codes or geographic areas. Geodetic principles and spatial reference of elements: Reference systems, Coordination systems, transformation methods, overview about positioning. Geo data: Geo data consists of positioning information, content and size/form. We learnt about positioning, but how can content and form coupled to the position? There are vector data and raster data, how are they organized, what are the pros and cons to these both data formats. Introduction to GIS Software: What features are available in ArcGIS, which settings must be done before start working, how can data imported into the program, how can they displayed. 2. Analysis of spatial data and Geoprocessing Analysis of spatial data: Spatial data can be analyzed in different ways, e.g.; regarding their position: what natural features occur at position x/y? where do we find soil feature x/y? regarding their content: display all biotopes, which are suitable as habitats for species x/y! regarding there form and size: select all elements with an area bigger as 100 ha. Basics in cartographic layout: Which features belong to a complete layout, how must they be arranged, what to do, if the content is too much to display properly due to the scale of the data, what is the difference between thematic and cartographic maps. Geoprocessing: Working with geodata and creating new information by manipulating data: thematically, by size and form. Working with attribute tables: Manipulating data by editing attribute tables. Metadata: Metadata (“data about data”) are most important to transfer GIS-Projects from one user to another, e.g. contractor to client.GIS application in landscape planning, introduction to different toolboxes for landscape planning tasks 3. Data Management and Basics of Geodata Handling Basics of geodata handling: Overview about the AMAP principle of geospatial data handling (acquisition, management, analysis, presentation). Practical task 1 comprises introduction to ArcGIS, ArcCatalog and toolboxes, data integration, data management and basic data visualization. Data sources and input: Overview of data sources, data acquisition and data characteristics. What are geodata and where do they come from? What do I need geodata to look like for GIS?. Practical task 2 comprises data preparation, basic data processing, data editing and data export. Reference systems: Characterization of geographical and projected reference systems, their practical application and their differences. Practical task 3 comprises reference system definition, transformation of reference systems and georeferencing of data. Basics of geometric and topologic operations: Geometric and topologic operations are fundamental to any vectorial GIS analysis. Practical task 4 comprises related geoprocessing methods like buffering, intersecting, merging, union and dissolving of geodata. 4. Geostatistics, spatial correlation and autocorrelation Data management and visualization: Vector data are characterized by geometry, topology, dynamics and topic. The lecture gives and overview how all these geoobject characteristics are stored and managed in databases. Practical task 5 comprises development of Entity-Relationship-diagrams and data handling and processing in geodatabases. Data visualization I: Overview about principles of geodata visualization and map making. Practical task 6 comprises automated data processing and map making. Data visualization II: Introduction to web mapping and HTML. Practical task 7 comprises the construction of a simple HTML-based website with integration of a web map. Geostatistics and spatial autocorrelation: Overview about the aggregation and disaggregation of geodata and about the phenomenon and measures of spatial autocorrelation. Practical task 8 comprises the integration of vector and raster data through aggregation, disaggregation and calculation of spatial autocorrelation. Interpolation: Overview about spatial interpolation methods like Inverse Distance Weighting and 5 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial Kriging. Practical task 9 comprises the integration of vector and raster data by interpolating. Web Map Services and QuantumGIS: Overview about web feature services. Differences between ArcGIS and QuantumGIS. Practical task 10 comprises an introduction to QuantumGIS and usage of web feature services. 5. Raster: Operations and Statistics The raster format: Single band and multiband raster. Raster tools introduction. Raster layers formats. Histograms and properties. Vectorial-raster tool conversion. Raster Operations and Statistics (Spatial Analyst): Raster Operations. Reclassifications. Layers and statistics summary. Digital Terrain Models Analysis (3D - Analyst): Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), creation and properties. Surface analysis: slope, aspect, insolation, hillshade, shadows, viewshed. 6. Planning and Management Planning and Management in Protected Areas: Optimization of natural resources. Calculation of distances: Euclidian distance. Planning and management of the natural resources using the optimal Euclidian distance. Hydrological Applications ( ArcGIS Hydrology ): Tools hydrology. Basin and watershed analysis. Soil loss (erosion) and flow. Continuing Map Generation Environmental Variables: Spatial interpolation. Application of statistical models . Generating maps of environmental variables.Analysis and Image Classification: Unsupervised methods, clustering method. Supervised classification methods. Generating Models and 3D views (ArcScene): Model Builder (automated processes generation). 7. Image pre-processing Introduction to remote sensing: The concept of remote sensing. Brief history of remote sensing. Advantages and limitations of remote sensing. Physical principles of remote sensing: Electromagnetic radiation principles. Electromagnetic spectrum. Energy propagation and interaction with atmosphere and matter. Concept of spectral signature. Spectral library. Home task 1: Description and analysis of the spectral signatures of water, snow, bare ground and vegetation. Remote sensing platforms: Satellite platforms. Aircrafts. Ground-based (proximal sensing). UAV. Home task 2: Advantages and disadvantages of sensor platforms. Passive and active sensors. Main remote sensing missions: Medium resolution satellites (Landsat MSS TM and ETM; SPOT, IRS, JERS, Envisat, Terra). Very high resolution sensors (QuickBird, IKONOS, WorldView, Ultracam). Radar sensors (ERS, ALOS). Hyperspectral sensors (Hyperion, AVIRIS, CASI). LiDAR sensors. Home task 3: Comparison three remote sensors. Potential applications. A closer look at remotely sensed image data: Format of remotely sensed image data. Spatial resolution. Spectral resolution. Radiometric resolution. Temporal resolution. Home task 4: Hands-on training: comparison of SPOT, IKONOS and UltraCam image data properties. Image preprocessing: Radiometric correction. Geometric correction. Home task 5: Hands-on training: Image geometric correction. Image enhancement and band transformations: False and true color views. Contrast enhancement. Spatial filtering. Texture analysis. Spectral Indices. Data fusion. Home task 6: Hands-on training: Selection of band combinations for urban and vegetation mapping. Application of Low pass, High pass and Directional filters. 8. Image Analysis Image Analysis I – Measurement of biophysical parameters: Vegetation indices. Principal Component Analysis. Data transformations (Tasseled Cap, IHS). Home task 7: Hands-on training: Using NDVI to estimate Plant Projective Cover (PPC) from remotely sensed data. Image Analysis II – Image classification based on pixels’ information: Principles of pixel-based image classification. Pixel-based 6 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial supervised and unsupervised classification techniques. Home task 8: Hands-on training: Mapping land covers from Landsat ETM data. Image Analysis III – Image classification based on objects’ information: Principles of object-based image analysis (OBIA). Image segmentation. Object-based features. Objectbased classification. Home task 9: Hands-on training: Mapping impervious surface from aerial photography. Image Analysis IV – Multi-temporal analysis: Image co-registration. Radiometric intercalibration. Change detection techniques. Home task 10: Hands-on training: Forest fires detection. Image Analysis V – Accuracy assessment: Sources of error. Validation data requisites. Accuracy assessment of a quantitative map. Accuracy assessment of a thematic map. Error matrix. Overall accuracy. Home task 11: Quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment. Remote sensing as a tool for landscape planning: Remote sensing applications (management of natural protected areas, fire risk management, urban planning, riparian forest monitoring, etc.) 9. Digital Analysis in Remote Sensing Digital Analysis in Remote Sensing in territorial planning: Theoretical and methodical foundations of remote sensing for structure and dynamics of landscape cover, plant and soil cover as well as land use. Peculiarities and limitations of using remote sensing methods. The role of remote sensing in territorial planning, forest and agriculture management etc. The most famous projects of mapping structure and dynamics of landscape cover (Global land cover, CORINE land cover, WELD etc.). Main stages of development of remote sensing application in landscape indication. Thematic web-services based on satellite data. Stages of thematic image interpretation. Software for visual and digital image interpretation: open source (GRASS, SAGA, MultiSpec etc.) and commercial (ERDAS, ENVI, IDRISI etc.) software. Sources and Characteristics of Remote Sensing Image Data: Multichannel scanner images LANDSAT, Envisat, ALOS, SPOT, IRS etc. Hyperspectral images MODIS, ASTER, HIPERION. Highresolution images Ikonos, Quickbird, WorldView etc. Opportunities provided by radar images RadarSat, LIDAR, Electronic archives and catalogues of images. Navigation systems Google Earth, NASA WorldWind etc. 10. Analysing Multispectral Imagery Preprocessing of Multispectral Imagery: Stages of image preparation for analysis. Geometrical and radiometric corrections. Synthesis of composite images. Diversity of spectral images (NDVI, LMI, EVI etc.), their physical sense and information for various purposes. Reduction of dimensionality (principal components analysis, Kauth’s Tasseled Cap). Methods of visual deciphering and landscape interpretation of remote sensing data: Principal strategies and stages of visual thematic interpretation in field and laboratory. Deciphering direct (simple and complex) and indirect attributes: their significance depending on image scale and purposes of research. Main types of landscape pattern and dynamics indicators: their application depending on purposes and scale of research. Technological schemes of landscape interpretation of remote data in GIS. Interpretation of natural, naturalanthropogenic and anthropogenic processes in various zonal landscape types. Allocation of field sample plots based on deciphering results. Peculiarities of visual interpretation of structure and dynamics of plain and mountainous landscapes. Experience of visual interpretation of landscapes patterns in various heterogeneous regions. Methods of digital deciphering and landscape interpretation of remote sensing data: Foundations of computer interpretation of remote sensing data. Supervised and unsupervised classification. Comparison of various classification algorithms using statistical and data mining methods. Grounds for optimum detail of classification and evaluation of its uncertainty. Interpretation of classes’ content. Measurement of landscape diversity based on remote sensing data: Notion of landscape diversity and principles of its measurement based on remote data. Metrics for landscape diversity. Landscapes-classes-patches in FragStats software. 7 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial 11. Ecological processes in landscape Subject and purposes of landscape planning: Natural and administrative units. Preservation of landscape ecological functions. Solution of land use conflicts. Elaboration of measures to adapt land use to landscape pattern. Territorial, regional and landscape planning. Theoretical foundations in landscape ecology and physical geography: Landscape. Landscape ecology. Hierarchy. Landscape components. Intercomponent relations. Landscape functions and processes. Landscape structure and pattern. Resilience, resistance, stability, sustainability. Co-evolution of man and nature. Landscape architecture, landscape design and landscape planning: comparison of approaches. Ecological standardization. Landscape pattern: Approaches to identification of landscape spatial pattern. Concept of landscape morphological structure. Matrix-patch-corridor model. Concept of nuclear systems. Probabilistic approach. Concept of multistructure landscape organization. Concept of epifacies. Landscape-geochemical systems. Geographical fields. Ecological processes in landscape: Significance criteria for landscape components. Landscape self-development, self-regulation and self –organization. Biological turnover. Water cycle. Matter and energy balance equations. Lateral interactions in landscape:. Matter and energy flows in a landscape. Types of matter transfer: biotic, abiotic. Information transfer (signal interactions). Hierarchy of flows. Influence zone of landscape units (forest – clearcutting, forest – field, ravine - field, streamflow – floodplain etc.). Risk of destructive geomophological processes and influence on adjusting landscape units. Migration routs. Core elements, transport elements, barrier elements of landscape structure. Barrier and buffer functions of landscape units in relation to matter flows. Landscape unit (patch) as a refuge for living nature in the context of a matrix. Assessment of landscape natural resources: Resources – significance and consumption demand. Ranging priorities for resource exploitation. Economic efficiency and ecological safety. Sustainable development principles. Present-day state of landscape components. Resource and area accessibility. Assessment of landscape sensitivity and resilience: Anthropogenic and natural disturbance factors. Vulnerability of landscape units. Stability of physical environment. Stability of ecotope. Factors of resistance in relation to destructive geomorphological processes, grazing strains, chemical loads. Self-purification capacity. Technobiogeom concept. Biota sensitivity on ecotones and areal margines. 12. Assessment of landscape natural resources and sensitivity and resilience Geographical analysis of landscape position: Concept of physical-geographical regionalization. Typology of natural landscapes. Typology of anthropogenic landscapes. Representative, typical, rare, unique landscapes. Requirements for preservation of unique and rare landscapes. Position of landscape unit in a catchment, in a river basin. Assessment of functional role of landscape unit in a river basin (matter dispersion, transit, accumulation). Land use conflicts: Multifunctionality of landscape. Ecosystem services. Geoecological, bioecological, anthropoecological, technological approaches to landscape management. Natural resource potential. Norms of resource exploitation. Concepts of allowable loads and allowable landscape changes. Types of land use conflicts. Conflicts between desired quality of environment and present-day state. Conflicts between land users. Conflicts between planners and local communities. Compensation of economic losses. Economic benefits from nature protection. Compatibility of land use types. Spatial organization of land use: Protection regimes for key linear and patch elements of a landscape: divides, slope edge, small catchment, toeslope, Water-protecting strips. Soil-protecting forests and meadows. Field-protecting forest strips. Ecotones with high biodiversity value. Distribution of anthropogenic loads in concordance with dynamic state and of landscape unit. Forest landscape mosaics – prerequisite for regulation of water flow regime. Optimal distribution of forests within river basin. Optimal forest coverage. Compensatory functions of 8 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial landscape unit. Landscape mosaics – prerequisite for habitat diversity. Fragmentation and connectivity. Measures of landscape diversity. Area/Perimeter ratio. Edge effects for living nature and agriculture. Size of habitat for viable populations. SLOSS problem (single large or several small). Landscape mosaics – protection from dust storms. Experience of windbelts design in steppes: regulation of microclimate, runoff, groundwater, snow accumulation, biodiversity, geomorphological processes. Landscape adaptive agriculture. Allowable location, size and orientation of disturbance patches and protective elements within landforms. Correspondence between requirements of runoff, biodiversity and economic activity for mosaic landscape structure. Potential for recovery. Landscape restoration. Landscape planning procedure: Objectives of regional development: conservation, limited utililization, intensive utilization, restoration, rehabilitation. Hierarchy of landscape planning procedure. Information sources: topographic and thematic maps, aerial photos, space images, forest and land inventory, population census data, chemical loads etc. Requirements for data accuracy, scale and time relevancy. Landscape program and landscape plan. Hierarchy of landscape units and hierarchy of landscape planning. Objectives of landscape management at each hierarchical level of landscape organization and administrative framework. Functional zoning. Comparison of development scenarios. Landscape planning maps. Review of landscape planning practice: Territorial integrated schemes of nature protection. Econet in the Baltic states. Landscape adaptive agriculture. Dokuchaev’s experiment. Land reclamation. Baikal region plan. Model forests in Canada, Finland, Russia. Landscape planning experience in Germany, Slovakia (LANDEP methodology), Netherlands, Denmark, USA, Spain, UK etc. Choice of the best region-specific land use practice. Legal regulations of land use: UN declarations. Nature protection regulations. Forest regulations. Water regulations. Land regulations. International conventions. Urban development regulations. Ecological expertise. Ecological audit. Environment impact assessment. 13. GIS tools for landscape metrics Introduction to the theory of landscape structure and landscape metrics: Presentation of the idea and development of landscape metrics, the importance of scale and restrictions of landscape metrics. Introduction of common landscape metrics. Introduction to simple GIS tools for landscape metrics: Overview of different possibilities to apply landscape metrics by using common GIS tools and statistics. Introduction to advanced GIS tools for landscape metrics: Introduction of the Patch analysts and further extensions for the use of landscape metrics. Discussion of landscape planning related problems to be solved with landscape metrics: What typical landscape planning related question can be answered by using landscape metrics. Overview about existing applications of landscape metrics in landscape planning. Preparatory data processing and specific tools for landscape metrics (vector data): How to prepare geodata for the application of landscape metrics, which tools are helpful to create a proper vector data set?. Preparatory data processing and specific tools for landscape metrics (raster data): How to prepare geodata for the application of landscape metrics, which tools are helpful to create a proper raster data set? 14. Analysis of habitat connectivity and fragmentation Analysis of habitat connectivity: Introduction to the concept of biotope integration and selected metrics for this task. Analysis of landscape fragmentation: Introduction of different methods to specify fragmentation of the landscape, e.g. Landscape division, splitting index, and effective mesh size. Analysis of biodiversity: Introduction to the concept of biodiversity and overview about correlation between landscape structure and biodiversity. Analysis of landscape esthetics: Introduction to landscape esthetics and methods to calculate landscape richness and characteristics. Further applications of landscape metrics in landscape planning: Overview about further existing and 9 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA Curso 2014-2015 Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial theoretical applications of landscape metrics in landscape planning. Outlook: Will landscape metrics become the standard methods to be used in landscape planning or is the use limited. 15. Research on GIS and Remote Sensing Principles of basic research´s tools:La asignatura, de orientación eminentemente práctica, se encuentra estrechamente relacionada con la elaboración, al final de los estudios de Máster, del Trabajo de Fin de Máster. 16. Master´s thesis El Trabajo Fin de Máster supone la realización por parte del estudiante de un proyecto, memoria o estudio original e individual, bajo la supervisión de un tutor, en el que se integren y desarrollen los conocimientos y las competencias definidas en el Máster. El Trabajo deberá estar orientado a la aplicación de las competencias generales asociadas a la titulación, de forma que se permita evaluar los conocimientos y las capacidades genéricas adquiridas por el estudiante en las áreas de conocimiento del Máster, teniendo en cuenta el carácter especializado del título y su orientación investigadora. 10