Traditional Veterinary Medicine in Indonesia

This publication is based on the work of
Dr. Sukobagyo Poedjomartono
Jakarta
INDONESIA
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not
imply the expression of any opinion whatso ever on the part of the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers of boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the
author alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of the
FAO/APHCA.
For further information write to:
APHCA Information Exchange Unit
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok, Thailand.
FOREWORD
This is one of the new FAO/APHCA publication series on Traditional Veterinary Medicine in Asian countries. The
earlier series on the same subject was brought out between 1984 and 1986 and covered such countries as India, Nepal, Pakistan
and Thailand.
Animal health is a major concern for the small farmers of most Asian countries. In general, animal health and
nutritional status are rather very poor in these countries. A large population of unproductive animals along with lack of pasture
grazing land have compounded the problems facing the basic animal health care delivery system.
Ever since the human life started in this earth, disease and death co-existed with him and with his animals. Therefore,
efforts have been made to get relief out of it using herbs in various forms as a medicine from the very beginning of the human
civilization. From the time immemorial, the traditional system of medicine was being practiced in the Region. Most of the
traditional practitioners are not trained and the practices which came down from generation to generation had, in fact, become a
culture in socio-economic life of the people in countries of the Region.
Traditional veterinary medicines are the least expensive, can be locally prepared and traditionally rooted in the
livestyle of the people. It should be decided to support them so that some positive steps be taken up into an integrated approach
with other modern veterinary services.
CONTENTS
TRADITIONAL VETERINARY MEDICINE IN INDONESIA
Page
I.
INTRODUCTION
1
II.
DISEASE SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS
2
Anorexia
2
Diarrhea
Tymphani (Bloat)
5
Antipyretica
Anthelmintic
7
Wound, Myiasis, Papilloma, Tick, etc.
7
Intoxication
9
Miscellaneous
9
ANNEXES
ANNEX A
List of Medicinal Plants/Herbs and their
veterinary uses in Indonesia
ANNEX B
Pictures of Medicine Plants/Herbs
13
22
-1-
TRADITIONAL VETERINARY MEDICINE IN INDONESIA
I,
INTROD
UCTION
Survival of the fittest is the law of the nature, in which only the strong one has the chance to survive
in the nature. But the nature also gives us all our need to live healthy. In nature, animal tends to find his own
remedy whenever something wrong happened with his health from what available in the nature. It was known
that cat is very fond of kind of a root of lalatang plant (Acalypha indica Linn.) for his tonic. There is always a
tendency for an overfed dog to eat a kind of grass (Cyperus rotundus Linn.) to be able to vomit. The people
has learnt these phenomena which were the beginning of the usage of herb for traditional medicine.
For centuries the Indonesian people used to treat their ailment/diseases with the combination of herb
(a mixture of leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, etc.), sometimes mixed with raw egg, honey or other substances. It
was reported that the practice had been used since 300 years ago. The knowledge of the remedial mixture was
inherited from generation to generation. Sometimes it was kept secret by certain families. But mostly the
knowledge was kept by the traditional healer or traditional doctor who passed it on to their children or pupils
only. Since Indonesia consists of more than 100 tribes, there are many recipes of traditional medicine. In many
occasion, it was mixed with mysticism or magic. During that period, the traditional medicine was the only
system practised among the people. The situation was changed with the coming of the western people in
Indonesia in the 15th century. They brought along western medical knowledge. Realizing that the traditional
medicine also based on. the usage of certain plants, many scientists/botanists tried to analyse some of the
plants used in the traditional medicine. However, the written report on the finding was just published in the
beginning of the middle of the 17th century, first by Jacobus Bontius (1592 - 1631) which were afterward
followed by other publications. Research on this direction was hastened when Bogor Botanical Garden was
built in 1817.
Although nowadays the western medical systems have been practised throughout Indonesia, even
they could be found in the remote places, a majority of the people, especially in the rural areas still use and
practise the traditional medicine which is called "jamu". It consists of a mixture of different herbs and
substances to be drunk with bitter taste for tonic, beauty care and special treatment for headache, fever to
chronic diseases. It also could be found as plaster used topically on the surface of certain parts of the body.
Beside for their own sake, the people in the rural areas also use to apply the traditional veterinary medicine for
their livestock.
-2-
For the dairy farmers who are mostly found in Java island, it is not so difficult to find external help
in case there is any problem with their cattle, because most of them have joined village dairy cooperatives
which provide as a part of their services, modern veterinary care to their members. But for other farmers,
especially, those who live in remote places, the veterinary services are not always easily available. In these
areas, the farmers tends to treat their livestock first with their own knowledge on traditional veterinary
medicine, especially if the disease problem is not so severe.
Since most farmers are small holding farmers who keep their livestock nearby their houses and
sometimes even under the same roof, it is not difficult for them to observe any change of the normal habit or
diseases of their livestock.
In fact, the traditional veterinary medicine, which consist of a mixture of herb, fruit, honey, eggs and
other substances, is not only used for curing illness, but also for increasing their daily weight gain (for
fattening cattle) and for increasing their condition or fighting spirit (for the racing bulls).
Based on questionaires sent to the 27 Livestock Services, 7 Disease Investigation Centres and 5
Faculties of Veterinary Medicine throughout Indonesia, about 150 formulae of traditional veterinary medicine
which were usually practised by the farmers have been received.
Although the formulae came from different places there is a similarity in using these same herbs for
curing the same disease problems with variations in combining the ingredients.
In this text, the names of most herbs are described in the Indonesian language since it is difficult to
find English name for them. But, their scientific names in Latin are always expressed in brackets.
II.
DISEASE SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS
ANOREXIA
This obvious sign of loosing appetite is easily detected by the farmers because most livestock are
hand-fed. The simple practice is by mixing salt with the grass or giving concentrates which consist of rice
bran, corn, cassava, etc. This effort is practised if the livestock are getting thin and also for the purpose of
fattening. The following are some typical examples for the treatment of anorexia practised in Indonesia:
1.
Let the shark fish rotten until the fly larva comes and feed the larva to the cattle.
-32.
3.
An edible nightshade (Solanum malangana) is barbequed and fed to the cattle.
Cook two bunches of a bananas in coconut milk, add brown sugar and salt and feed the porridge to the cattle.
4.
Crush together the following ingredients:
- temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Rox.)
- temu lawak (Curcuma xanthoriza)
- saffron (Curcuma domestica)
- lempuyang (Zingiber aromatica)
- 10- 15 mengkuda fruits (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) and
feed the mixture to the cattle once a month.
5.
Mix several native chicken eggs and a bottle of ketchup (soya bean sauce) and feed the animal once a day.
6.
Mix about 15 calladium leaves and 15 full spoons of salt and then cook. Afterward feed it to the animal once a day.
7.
Crush together the following ingredients:
- temu lawak 1 kg (Curcuma xanthoriza)
- ripe tamarind 1 handful (Tamarindus indica)
- salt
cook and feed it to the cattle twice a day.
8.
Mengkuda fruits (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) is fed to the
animal daily until the appetite is resumed.
9.
Squeeze rotten bananas trees and collect a glass of the
liquid. This is to be given to the animal everyday.
Sometimes, add a few drops of kayuputih
(Melaleuca leucadendra Linn.) oil.
10.
Mix brown sugar, ripe tamarind and eggs, and feed the
mixture to the animal.
11.
Mix extract of papaya leaves and eggs and feed it to the animal.
12.
Grind the following ingredients:
- yeast or ferment 10 g.
- garlic 50 g.
put on the grass or mix with water and give this mixture to
the cattle twice a week.
13.
Grind together lempuyang (Zingiber aromatica) with temu
lawak (Curcuma xanthoriza) and then, cook and mix with
ketchup (soya bean sauce) and give the mixture to the cattle
once a month.
14'.
Mix 200 of kencur (Kampferia galanga) with 3 eggs and feed
it to the animal twice a day every 3 days.
-4-
15.
For young qrowinct calves
-
3
1
1
3
duck eggs
young coconut meat
cup coconut water (liquid found inside the fruit)
spoonfulls of sugar
give the mixture to the calves once a week.
16.
If it is accompanied by fever
a.
b.
c.
mix extract of capok (Eriodendron anfructuosum) leaves
and eggs and feed it to the animal.
mix extract of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) leaves
and eggs and feed it to the animal.
mix coconut water and eggs and feed it to the animal.
17.
Dissolve jarak leaves (Jatropha curcas Linn.) in saline solution in a clay pot and keep it for months. Give a spoonfull
of the stuff to the cattle once a day. More water may be added, as necessary, to the clay pot.
18.
For the treatment of simple indigestion
The farmer used to treat this kind of ailment by giving coffee drink, ginger drink or kencur ( Kamferia galinga)
drink.
DIARRHEA
The traditional method of stopping diarrhea is by giving "ampet-ampet" (a Javanese term for substance that could
stop the diarrhea) which consists of the young leaves of jambu fruit (Psidium guajava Linn.), tea drink, a mixture of honey
with saffron (Curcuma domestica Val.), rasped young jack fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia).
There are some other traditional formulae used to be practised in Indonesia dealing with diarrhea:
1.
2.
3.
Barbeque cassava until it burnt and feed the animal.
Crush wood charcoal and feed to the animal.
Rasp these ingredients:
-
temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Rox.)
saffron (Curcuma domestica)
kencur (kampferia galanga)
lempuyang (Zingiber aromatica)
and then mix with rotten, fermented soya bean cake (Indonesia: tempe). Wrap it up in a plastic sheet and leave it for
a night. In the following day, press the mixture and make the cattle drink the liquid, three times a day within 2
consecutive days.
-5Crush together the following ingredients:
-
ginger
kencur (Kampferia galanga)
saffron (Curcuma domestica)
ripe tamarind
and put the mixture in a bottle and make the cattle drink it once a day.
5.
Crush the following ingredients:
- lempuyang (Zingiber aromatica)
- 250 g. of sugar
- 10 litres of clean water
and make the cattle drink the stuff.
6.
Rasp parts of banana tree which is in the ground and press.
Mix the liquid with salt, eggs and raja bananas fruit
(Musa paradisiaca). Feed to the cattle twice a day.
7.
Burnt 5 areca-palm seeds (Areca catechu Linn.) and crush it
finely, mix with 2 glasses of water and give it to the
cattle once a day.
8.
Burn ripe-seeded banana fruit (Musa Brachycarpa) and feed it
to the animal.
9.
Make the extract of the leaves of avocado, rambutan
(Nephelium lappaseum Linn.) and capok
(Ceiba patendra Gaertn.) and give it to the animal.
10.
Boil a mixture of 5 g. sirih quid (lime) and a handful
leaves of seeded jambu (Psidium guajava Linn.) in a one
litre of water so that only half litre of water left and
then filter it and give to the animal once a day for 3 days.
11.
Mix the following ingredients:
-
ripe tamarind seeds
saffron (Curcuma domestica)
extract of areca-palm seeds (Areca catechu Linn.)
eggs
and give the mixture to the animal twice a day.
TYMPHANI BLOAT
Facing this problem the farmer makes the animal drink an oily mixture of coconut with aromatic oil or rasped ginger.
In addition, the farmer warms the extended stomach by putting on it something hot such as rasped ginger. A stalk of papaya
leaf may be inserted in their anus in order to let the gas out.
-6-
There are other formulas usually practised by the farmers e.g.:
1.
Put 10 ripe tamarinds in a bucket of warm water, add brown sugar and 5 ground saffron (Curcuma domestica) and mix
together evenly. The mixture is put in a bottle or bamboo shaft and forced to be drunk by the cattle. Keep the mouth
open by inserting between the jaws a piece of wood.
2.
Mix a bucket of coconut oil and green coconut water and make the cattle drink it.
3.
Press the rotten banana tree and give 1/4 litre of the liquid to the animal.
4.
Put on the surface of the extended stomach + sign with sirih-liquid (lime).
5.
Make the cattle drink coffee with a glass of warm water.
Especially for goat and sheep
6.
Make the goat drink brown sugar in a glass of warm water and put a piece of wood in the mouth to be bitten.
7.
Crush sembukan leaves (Saprosma arboreum B1.) and then mix with used coconut oil and put it on the surface of the
extended stomach twice a day. Repeat it the following day.
ANTIPYRETICA
The usual ingredients used for this purpose are a mixture of saffron (Curcuma domestica) and honey. The animal may be
fed with papaya fruit as much as possible.
But there are some other formula for antipyretica treatment:
1.
Mix pressed capok (Eriondendron anfructuosum) leaves and
eggs, and give it to the cattle.
2.
Press 300 g of capok (Eriondendron anfructuosum) leaves
after putting water and then filter and mix with small
quantity of salt and brown sugar, and make the cattle drink
it twice a day every 2 days.
3.
Mix pressed rambutan leaves (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
and egg and give it to the cattle.
4.
Mix coconut water and eggs and make the cattle drink it.
5.
Make a homogenous solution of a mixture of crushed saffron
(Curcuma domestica), eggs and water and make the cattle
drink it.
-7ANTHELMINTIC
As has been widely'known, the young as well as ripe arecapalm seed (Areca catechu) is an effective anthelmintic
especially against ascariasis, both for human and animal. Other well-known stuff is temu hitam or black temu (Curcuma
phaeocaulis Val.) and papaya leaves. The farmers often make combination of those two stuff.
The usual practice is crushing the areca-palm seed and mix with water and make the animal drink the stuff. But there
are some other formulas used by the farmers e.g.:
1.
For treating calves: boil the green banana lontong
(a part of banana flower which is not developed into fruit) and the
rest of the water used as anthelmintic.
2.
Crush the following ingredients:
-
10 packs of yeast
2 pieces of rotten fermented soya bean (tempe)
1 handful of temu hitam (Curcuma phaeocaulis val.)
small quantity of jinten (Nigella sativa Linn.) and
brotowali (Tinospora tuberculata Beumee)
and then boil the mixture in 10 glasses of water. Filter
and use it as anthelmintic every 3 weeks up till 3 months.
3.
Garlic is also used as anthelmintic in some areas
4.
A piece of gadung root ( Dioscorea hispida Dinst.) is given
to cattle every week until the worm comes out. This usually
occurs after 4 times oftreatment.
5.
Rasp the following ingredients and mix:
- temu hitam (Curcuma pheocaulis Val.)
- ripe coconut fruit
Dry the stuff and then give it to the cattle once a day.
WOUND, MYIASIS, PAPILLOMA, TICK, SCABIES, ORP AND CASCADO
Pressed sirih leaves (piper betle) are widely used as antiseptic to treat the wound. If the case has been developed into
myiasis, a mixture of pressed tobacco leaves with water and sirih-quid (lime) is used. The practice used are:
1.
Clean the wound, drop some commercial anti-fly liquid and
put a mixture, of sirih-quid (lime) and saffron
(Curcuma domestica).
_8_
2.
Put tobacco which has been soaked in the water to the wound
which has larva on it. Change the tobacco everyday.
3.
In case there is suspected tumor or whatever enlargement in
part of the body, it will be covered by sirih-quid (lime).
4.
In case there is papilloma, it will be cut and the wound
will be treated with a mixture of crushed mangkokan leaves
(Nothophanax scutellarium Merr.) with shrimp jelly twice daily.
5.
In case of panaritium or wound in the interdigital claw in
ruminant, a mixture of alum, areca-palm (Areca catechu) and
sirih-quid (lime) is put in the wound.
6.
In case tick or scabies is found, the practice used are:
-
Wash the animal using water mix with young leaves of areca-palm (Areca catechu).
-
Put on the affected part of the body, a mixture of sulfur in a hot coconut oil.
-.
Steam the animal with burnt sulfur with shell of coconut fruit.
7.
After cleaning the wound, put on the myiasis site a mixture of a glass
of lime, tobacco, gasoline or spiritus. After
all the larvae have been out, close the wound with ash.
8.
In case of scabies put to the affected part: crushed
ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa Linn.) until it is cured.
In addition, give the animal a drink of the mixture
consisting of ginger, brown sugar and salt.
9.
Another, formula for scabies is to put to the affected part
crushed galing leaves (Mussaenda frondosa Linn.) mixed with
water or tobacco water (water after soaking tobacco in it).
10.
In the case of scabies, scrabble the affected parts with
galing leaves (Mussaenda frondosa) and then apply with used oil and sulfur.
11.
The affected part of scabies could also be scrapped by
mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) and afterward put
on the affected parts a mixture of used oil and kerosene.
12.
Scabies could also be treated by applying to the affecting
part, a mixture of crushed sulfur, camphor and used toil
which is heated and cooled. Do this treatment twice daily
within 3 days for complete healing.
-913.
In case of infestation of ticks in cattle, feed the cattle
with barbequed gecko. Also drop the used motor-car battery
acid to the ticks.
14.
Orf (ichtyma contagiosa) may be treated by applying £o the ,
affected part a mixture of ash and coconut oil.
15.
Cascado (stephanofilariasis) may be treated by applying
crushed ketapang leaves (Cassia alata Linn.). Sometimes
crushed ketapang leaves is mixed with sirih-quid (lime).
The other formula is to mix 10 camphor and heated 1 litre
of coconut oil to be applied topically to the affected parts.
INTOXICATION
In mild cases or when the case is early detected, recovery could be obtained by letting the animal drink ad libitum green
coconut water or a glass of coconut oil. Sometimes ripe tamarind and salt are also added to the green coconut water and coconut
oil. In case that insecticide is suspected as the cause of the intoxication, warm coconut milk is given.
MISCELLANEOUS
To change the colour of the skin
For Madura people who keep Madura breed cattle, it is very important that the colour of the skin of their cattle is red
especially for bull which will be trained as racing. bull (Indonesia: kerapan sapi).
Put 1/2 kg of brown sugar to 1 litre of coconut milk and boil until half litre is left. Then, cool it and let the cattle drink it
every 2 days for 1 month.
To increase the stamina of the cattle
1.
This practice is used to strengthen the muscle and to increase the stamina of the working cattle as well as the racing bull
(in Madura).
Formula I.
Prepare the following ingredients:
-
10 kg of kunci (Gastrochilus panduratum Ridl.)
2 kg of ginger-root or lengkuwas (Alpina galanga Sw.)
5 ripe coconuts for making coconut milk
10 kg brown sugar
2 litres of water
Rasp the first two ingredients and mix with the others and then
cook until the mixture becomes solid. Make balls in an
egg-size from the solid stuff.
Formula II.
Mix 25 eggs and 1 1/2 litre of soda water. Give to the
cattle 4 balls of formula I every 2 days while formula II is
given every 2 weeks.
2.
Crush temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Rox.) and piper betle
(Charica auriculata) stem, mix with water and squeeze the
water. The water then is mixed with crushed kunci
(Gastrochilus panduratum Ridl.). This mixture is given to
the bull a day before the racing competition.
Weaning calf
For weaning calf, the udder is painted by crushed sambiroto leaves (Adrographis paniculata Mees.) 2
times a day for 4 days.
To increase the bull's libido
1.
-
Mix the following ingredients:
- 4 eggs of native chicken
1/2 glass of ketchup (soya bean sauce)
2 bundles of ginger which is cut into small pieces
1 glass of water
and make the bull drink the stuff. Usually one dose is enough.
2.
Mix the following ingredients:
-
10 eggs
-
1 large bottle of ketchup (soya bean sauce)
-
sugar and make the bull drink the stuff.
POST-PARTUM MASTITIS AND RETENTIO SECUNDINARIUM
To improve calving conditions, a cow is given an feed consisting of a mixture of yellow part of eggs
(sometimes mix with local wine). The other formula (Curcuma domestica), brown sugar and eggs. Sometimes,
saffron, ripe tamarind is used.
additional and honey is saffron instead of
To avoid mastitis, a mixture of ripe tamarind and salt is put on the udder. In case mastitis has been
occured, put on the affected udder a mixture of ripe tamarind and brown sugar and milk the cow up to 6 times a
day.
- 11 -
To increase the flow of milk, the-farmers use these formulas to their calving cows:
i,
-
1 kg saffron (Curcuma domestica)
1/2 kg ripe tamarind
10 eggs
salt
water
The mixture is given 4 times in a month.
2.
Feed the cow with the end part of banana flower which is not developed into fruit (Indonesia: jantung pisang).
3.
Feed the cow with the leaves and the root of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas).
Sometimes the farmer gives a mixture of special formula to
their cows which is combination treatment for indigestion,
increasing the flow of milk, increasing appetie and as
anthelmintic. Crush together the following ingredients:
-
1/2 kg of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)
1/4 kg of kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.)
1/4 kg of temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Rox.)
100 g of bluntas leaves (Pluchea indica Less.)
5 mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia Linn.)
50 g of blimbing wuluh fruit (Averhoa bilimbi Linn.)
Then cook, and add salt and sugar. Make the cow drink the stuff and feed the rest.
In case placenta is retained (retentio secundinarium), the
top of bamboo and the young bamboo leaves are fed 1-3 times a day
until the placenta is removed out. In some cases the cow is
put outside in the sunshine.
ANN E X E S
ANNEX A .
3
LIST OF MEDICINAL PLANTS/HERBS AND THEIR VETERINARY USES IN INDONESIA
Local Name
English Name
Botanical Name
1.
Adas
Fennel
Anethum foeniculum
Linn.
2.
Alang-alang
Sedge grass
Imperata Cylendrica
3.
Angsana
Angsenna tree
Pterocarpus indica
Wild
4.
Anyang-anyang
5.
Akar wudani
6.
Asam
Tamarind
7.
Aren (Enau)
Arenga palm
Arenga pinnata
8.
Bawang merah
Red onion
Allium cepa Linn.
9.
Bawang putih
onion
10.
Bambu
Allium sativum
Linn.
Bambusa bambos
Elaeocarpus
grandiflora
J.Sm.
Quisqualis indica
Linn.
Bamboo tree
Tamarindus indica
medical use
Fruit: Used for
cough, fever, sto
machache, diarrhea
and diuretic.
Root: Diruetic.
Leaves: The withe
red young one used
to cover wounds
and inflamations.
Seed: Diuretic.
Root and fruit:
Anthelminthic.
Leaves: Used to
treat bloat.
Fruit: Skin disea
ses and a mild
laxant.
Flower: Juices
from tapped-cut
end produce brown
sugar, used as to
nic and one of the
ingredients for
many traditional
mixtures.
Rhizome: Used as
one of the ingri
dient for cough,
fever and skin
diseases.
Rhizome: Anthel
mintic.
Leaves: The top
and the young one
and the young one
used to treat
retentio secun
dinarium.
'
11.Bakung
Crinum asiaticum
Rhizome: Antiemetic
12. Besaran
Morus australis
Leaves: Antipyretic
Poir.
and skin diseases.
Averrhoa bilimbi
Flower and fruit:
Linn.
Cough.
13. Belimbing
Leaves: Antipyretic.
14. Bidara Laut
Eurycoma longi-
Leaves: Antipyretic.
folia Jack.
15. Bidara upas
Merremia mammosa
Rhizome: Used to
increase the milk
flow and treating
16.Bestru
17. Brotowali
Plectronia horida
cough.
Leaves: Used to
Schum.
treat eye problem.
Tinospora tuber-
Root and tree:
culata Beaumee
Antipyretic.
Leaves: To cover
wounds.
18. Buah nona
Anona reticulata
Tree: the shell is
Linn.
Used to treat
diarrhea.
Fruit: Anthelmintic.
19. Cengkeh
Clove tree
Syzygium aromati-
Flower bud or clove
cum Linn.
oil: Toothache and
to heat the body.
20. Daun serep
Erythrina subum-
Leaves: Antipyretic.
brans (Aassk) Merr.
21. Daun dewa
Gynura procumbens
Leaves: Used as the
Baker.
ingredient to make a
mixture to treat
skin diseases.
22. Daun sendok
23. Daun trawas
Plantago major
Leaves: Skin
Linn.
diseases.
Litsea odorifera
Leaves: Used to,
Val.
increase the milk
flow.
24. Delima Putih
Punica granatum
Tree and root: The
Linn.
shell is used as ingredient of
- 15 anthelmintic (taeniasis).
Flower: Used to treat lesion in
the mouth.
25.
Dempol lelet
Glochidion molle
Leaves: Used as an
B.I.
ingredient of a
mixture to treat skin
disease.
26. Duku
Lansium domesti-
Seed: Anthelmintic.
cum Coor.
27. Gambir
Uncaria gambir
Leaves: Prepared
(Hunter) Roxb.
into stuff with
strong astringent
properties, used as
an ingredient of a
mixture to treat sto
machache, diarrhea
and skin diseases.
28. Garut
Marantha arundi-
Rhizome: Diarrhea.
nacea Linn.
29. Jahe
30. Jambu biji
31. Jambu mete
Ginger
Guava
Cashew tree
Zingiber offi-
Rhizome: Used to
ciale Rose.
heat the body.
Psidium guajava
Root and Leaves:
Linn.
Diarrhea.
Anacadrium occi-
Root: Laxant.
dentale Linn.
Leaves: Skin
diseases.
32. Jarak
33. Jarak pagar
Castor oil
Ricinus communis
oil of the seed:
plant
Linn.
Laxant.
Jatropha curcas
leaves: Anthelmin
Linn.
tic, cleaning wounds
and skin diseases.
34. Jengkol
Pithecolibium
Leaves: Used to
lobatum Beath.
treat wounds and
skin diseases.
- 16 35.
Jeruk nipis
Lemon
Lemon
Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.)
Swingle.
Fruit: Used as an
ingredient of mix
tures to treat cough
stomachache and skin
diseases.
Leaves: To heat
body.
36.
Jeruk purut
Small aromatic lemon
Citrus hystrix
DC.
37.
Jintan hitam
Ground cumin
Nigella sativa
Linn.
Seed: Used as an
ingredient of a
mixture to treat
stomachache.
38.
Katu
Sauropus androgynus Merr.
Leaves: To increase
the milk flow.
39.
Kayu angin
Usnea misaminensis
Shrub: Used as an
(Vain.) Not.
ingredient of a mix
ture to treat cough.
40. Kayu putih
Melaleuca leuca-
Oil of the leaves:
dendra Linn.
Cough and stomach
ache.
41. Kayu ules
Helicteres isora
Fruit: Stomachache
Linn.
42. Kecubung
43. Kedawung
44.
Kelapa
45. Kelembak
46. Kelor
Datura metel
Leaves: Skin
Linn.
diseases.
Parkia roxburghii Seed: Stomachache
G. Don.
Coconut tree
Cocos nucifera
Linn.
Rheum officinale
Baill.
Sesbania sesban
Linn.
Water: Intoxication, diarrhea and
fever.
Oil: Intoxication,
laxant and
anthelmintic.
Rhizome: Laxant
Leaves: Anthelmin
tic.
47. Kemarogan
Gymnopetalum leuticum Miq.
48. Kembang
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.
Branches: Tonic,
to increase the
appetite.
Flower/leaves:
Antypyretic.
49.
Laucaena glauca
Seed: Anthelmintic.
Kem landin-
gan
Benth.
50. Kemukus
51. Kencur
Piper cubeba
Fruit: To heat the
Linn.
body.
D Kaemferia galanga
52. Kendal
Rhizome: Skin
Linn.
diseases.
Cordia dichotoma
Shell of the tree
Farst.
branches: Antipy
retic.
53. Ketepeng cina
Cassia alata Linn.
Leaves: Laxant and
skin diseases.
54.
Ketela rambat sweet potato
55. Ketumbar
Ipomoea batatas
Poir.
Leaves: To cover
wound.
Coriander
Coriandrum sati-
Seed: Stomachache,
Seed
Linn.
56. Kumiskucing
Orthosiphon sta-
Leaves: Diuretic.
mineus Benth.
57.
Kunyit
Saffron
Curcuma domestica
Rhizome:
Stomach
Val.
ache,
diarrhea,
laxant and skin
disease.
58. Labu
Lagenaria leucan-
Fruit: Antipyre
tha Rusby.
tic.
Cucurbita moscha-
Fruit: Mild laxant
Duchesne.
Seed: Anthelmintic.
Languas galanga
Rhizome: Skin
(Linn.) Merr.
diseases.
Zingiber ameri-
Rhizome: Stomach
cans B1.
ache.
Lempuyang
Zingiber zerumbet
Rhizome: Skin
gajah
J.Sm.
diseases.
Lempuyang
Zingiber aromati-
Rhizome: Stomach-
wangi
cum Val.
ache.
Raphanus sativus
Root: To increase
Linn.
milk flow and treat
59. Labu merah
60. Langkuas
61. Lempuyang
62.
63.
64. Lobak
ing cough.
65. Manis Jangan
Cinnamon
Cinnamon spec
Shell of the tree
and Young leaves:
Used as an ingre-
dient of a mixture for treating
cough.
66.
Meniran
67.
Mentimun
Cucumber
Phyllantus niruri Linn.
The whole plant:
Diuretic.
cucumis sativus
Fruit: Antipyretic.
Linn.
68.
69.
70.
71.
Merica
Melaleuca leuca-
Fruit: Used to
bolong
dendra Linn.
treat stomachache.
Nangka
Ananas comosus
Leaves: To cover
blanda
Linn.
inflammations.
Jack fruit
Antocarpus inte-
Root: Antipyretic.
tree
gra Merr.
Nangka
Desmodium pul-
Leaves: Used to
chellum Benth.
treat ulcurs.
Pouzolzia zeyla-
Leaves: Boiled to
nica Bern.
increase milk flow.
73. Oyod sowo
Vitis landuk Miq.
Shrub: Anthelmintic.
74. Pare
Momordica charan-
Leaves: Anthelmintic.
72.
Otok-otok
Orang-aring
tia Linn.
75. patikan cina
Euphorbia prostata
The whole plant:
Ait. and Euphorbia
Stomachache.
thymifolia Linn.
76. Pegagan
77. Papaya
Centella asiatica
(L.) Urban.
Papaya fruit
Carica papaya
The whole plant:
Used as an ingre
dient of mixtures
for treating cough,
fever and skin
diseases.
Root: Anthelmintic.
tree
Linn.
Sticky plant-sap:
Skin diseases.
78. Petai
Parkia speciosa
Seed: Anthelmintic.
Hassk.
79. Peundeuy
Parkia biglogosa
Seed: Stomachache
Benth.
80. Pinang
81. Pisang
Areca-palm
Areca catechu
Fruit: Skin
tree
Linn.
diseases.
Banana tree
Musa paradisiaca
Tree: The inner
part is used as an
ingredient of a mixture for
treating skin diseases.
82.
P1080
Butea monosperma
Lamk. O.K.
Leaves: Skin
diseases.
83.
'Pohon merah
Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.
Sticky plant-sap:
Skin diseases.
84.
Poko
Mentha aevenis L.var
javanica (B1.) Backer.
Leaves _or the volatile oil:
Cough, and stomachache.
Alyxia spec.
85.
Pulasari
86.
Purwaceng
87.
Randu
88.
Shell _of the tree: Cough,
fever, stomachache, diarrhea
and diuretic.
Pimpinella alpina Kds.
Root: Diuretic and
aphrodisiac.
Erodendron anfractuosum DC.
Shell _of the tree: Used to treat
wounds, and diuretic.
Remujung
(kumis kucing)
Orthosiphon gran-
Leaves: Diuretic.
89.
Saga
Abrus precatorius Linn.
Leaves: Cough
90.
Salada air
Nasturtium officinale (L.)
R.Br.
The whole plant:
Diuretic.
91.
Sambiloto
Andrograhpis paniculata
Nees.
Leaves: Antipyretic and skin
diseases.
92.
Sembukan
Paederia foetida Linn.
Leaves: Used as an ingredient
of a mixture for treating
stomachache.
93.
Sembung
Blumea balsamifera
(L.) DC:
Leaves: Stomachache.
94.
Sidaguri
Sida rhombifolia Linn.
and Sida retusa Linn.
Leaves: Skin
Diseases.
95.
Sirih
Piper betle Linn.
Leaves: Skin
Diseases.
96.
Sosor bebek
Kalnchoe pinnata
(Lamk.)Pers.
Leaves: Antipyretic.
97.
Suket
Andropogon acicu-
Root: Boiled it to
Kapook tree
Dondoman
- 20 -
dondoman
98.
Suket
jareman
grass
Jareman
grass
Retz.
treat intoxication.
Desmodium hetero-
Leaves: Used as to
phyllum DC.
pical dressing for
inflammation and ear
problem.
99.
Sumarang
100. Suri pandak
Rauwalfia javani-
Leaves: To treat
K&W
wounds.
Viola Patrinii DC
Leaves: Crushed,
used as topical
dressing for wounds.
101. Tembakau
Tobacco
Nicotiana tobacum
Leaves: As tobacco
Linn.
used to treat
wounds.
102. Tembelekan
103. Temugiring
104. Temu hitam
Lantana camara
Leaves: Skin
Linn.
diseases.
Curcuma heyneana
Rhizome: Stomach
Val & V.Zijp.
ache.
Curcuma aeruginosa Rhizome: Used as
Roxb.
ingredient of a mix
ture to increase the
appetite.
105. Temulawak
106. Trengguli
Curcuma xanthor-
Rhizome: Skin
rhiza Roxb.
diseases.
Cassia fistula
Fruit: Mild laxant
Linn.
Root: Skin diseases.
- 21 -
REFERENCES
Bimantoro, R (1977):
Tanaman obat-obatan dan khasiatnya (Medicine plants/herbs and
their speciality).
Cir, H. (1985):
Obat-obatan peninggalan nenek moyang (The inhereted traditional
medicine).
Departemen Kesehatan R.I. (1983):
Pemanfaatan tanaman obat (The usage of medicine
plants/herbs).
Lembaga Biologi Nasional (1978):
Tumbuhan obat (Medicine Plants/Herbs)
Sastroamidjojo, A. Seno (1962):
Obat asli Indonesia (The Indonesian Traditional
medicine).
Soepardi, R. (1965):
Apotik hijau (The green dispensary).
v
Adas
Anyang-anyang
Fennel
Anethum foeniculum
Linn.
Elaeocarpus
grandiflora
J.Sm.
Angsana
Akar wudani
Angsenna tree
Pterocarpus indica
Wild
Quisqualis indica
Linn.
- 23 -
Asam
Bawang putih
Tamarind
Onion
Tamarindus indica
Allium sativum
Linn.
3awang merah
Besaran
Red onion
Allium ceps Linn.
Morus australis
Poir.
Belimbing
Daun serep
Averrhoa bilimbi
Linn.
Srotowali
Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk) Herr.
Daun dewa
Tinospora tuberculata Beaumee
Gynura procumbens
Baker.
- 25 -
Daun sendok
Delima Putih
Plantago major
Linn.
Punica granatum
Linn.
Daun trawas
Dempol Islet
Litsea odorifera
Val.
Glochidion molls
B.I.
Gambir
Jahe
Ginger
Uncaria gambir
(Hunter)
Roxb.
Garut
Zingiber offi
cials Rose.
Jambu biji
Marantha arundinacea Linn.
Guava
Psidium guajava
Linn.
- 27 -
Jarak
castor oil
plant
Ricinus communis
Linn.
Jeruk nipis
Len .
Lemon
Citrus aurantifolic ( Cristm.)
Swingle.
Jatropha curcas
Linn.
Jarak pagar
Jeruk purut
Small aromatic lemon
Citrus hystrix
DC.
Jintan hitam Ground cumin
Nigella sativa
Linn.
Katu
sauropus androgynus Herr.
Kayu angin
Usnea misaminensis
(Vain.) Not.
Kayu putih
Melaleuca leucadendra Linn.
- 29
Rayu ulea
Helicterea isora
Linn.
Kecubung
Kedawung
Parkia roxburghii
G. Don.
Kelapa
Datura metel
Linn.
Coconut tree
Cocoa nucifera
Linn.
Kelembak
Rheum officinale
Baill.
Kembang
Hibiscus rosa-si-
Kemarogan
Kemuk
us
Gymnopetalum leuticum Miq.
Piper cubeba
Linn.
Kaemferia galanga
Linn.
Kencur
Kendal
Cordia dichotoma
Farst.
m
Ketepeng cina
Cassia alata Linn.
Ketela rambat sweet potato
Ipomoea batatas
Poir.
Ketumbar
Kunyit
Coriander
Seed
Saffron
Coriandrum satiLinn.
Curcuma domestica
Val.
Kumiskucing
Labu
Orthosiphon sta
mineus Benth.
Lagenaria leucan
tha Rusby.
- 33 -
Labu merah
Lempuyang
Cucurbita moschaDuchesne.
Zingiber americans B1.
Langkuas
Languas galanga
(Linn.) Merr.
Lempuyang
gajah
Zingiber zerumbet
J.Sm.
Lempuyang
wangi
Mania Jangan
Cinnamon
Zingiber aromaticum Val.
Lobak
Raphanus sativus
Linn.
Cinnamon spec
Meniran
Phyllantus niruri Linn.
- 35 -
Mentimun
cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Linn.
Merica
bolong
Momordica charantia Linn.
patikan cina
Melaleuca leucadendraLinn.
Euphorbia prostata
Ait. and Euphorbia
thymifolia Linn.
- 36 -
Centella asiatica (L.)
Urban.
Pegagan
Pinang
Areca-palm
tree
Azeca catechu
Linn.
Papaya
Pisang
Papaya fruit
tree
Banana tree
Carica papaya
Linn.
Musa paradisiaca
- 37 -
Butea monosperma
Lamk. O.K.
Poko
Mentha sevenis
L.var javanica
(B1.) Backer.
pohon merah
pulasari
Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.
Alyxia spec.
- 38 -
Saga
Abrus precatorius
Linn.
Salada air
Sambiloto
Andrograhpis paniCulata Nees.
Sembukan
Nasturtium officinale
(L.) R.Br.
Paederia foetida
Linn.
- 39 -
Sembung
Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.
Sidaguri
Sida rhombifolia
Linn. and Sida
retuea Linn.
Sirih
Piper betle Linn.
Sosor bebek
Kalnchoe pinnata
(Lamk.)Pers.
- 40 -
Temulawak
Curcuma xanthorRhiza Roxb.
Trengguli
Cassia fistula
Linn.