coral communities in the seychelles

Transcription

EARTHWATCH 2015
CORAL COMMUNITIES
IN THE SEYCHELLES
DEAR EARTHWATCHER,
Greetings from the golden shores of Curieuse Island! Welcome to a spectacular place. Most of the land animals here
occur nowhere else but the Seychelles, and the sea life is little studied—few marine scientists have been here.
In 2015, we will continue with our efforts to map all the major coral habitats within the marine park, assessing their
biological richness and uniqueness, and carry out surveys at key monitoring stations that were first established during
2009. The annual monitoring of these sites has enabled us to calculate the rates of change in habitat quality and,
importantly, what factors influence these rates of change. In addition we will be introducing a new angle to our research
which focuses on the variability in the carbon chemistry of the seawater in the Seychelles and the subsequent pH in the
fringing reefs and open waters and investigatin the adaptability of the corals in these areas. The Seychelles have
previously been impacted by environmental anomalies that resulted in elevated seawater temperatures, which caused
mass coral mortality. Consequently, field studies will be combined with aquarium experiments back at the field base,
where we will examine how and why some corals survive elevated temperatures while others appear to be much more
vulnerable. Therefore, throughout your stay, you will encounter many different aspects of coral reef biology: you will learn
how to identify animals, carry out in-water surveys, construct and maintain coral reef aquaria, and use scientific
equipment to assess the health of reef-building corals. You will have a busy but very rewarding time, and will need to be
fit and healthy to keep up with all the work required. Through this expedition, you will help to increase our knowledge of
how tropical reef systems will be affected by future anomalies and climate change while also having the opportunity to
carry out primary research in the spectacular marine environments of the Seychelles.
We look forward to greeting you in Curieuse.
Sincerely,
Professor David J. Smith and Dr. David Suggett
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EARTHWATCHINSTITUTE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION............................... 2
EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST................. 4
THE RESEARCH............................................. 6
YOUR DESTINATION....................................... 8
DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD.............................. 10
ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD...................... 12
TRAVEL TIPS................................................ 14
PROJECT CONDITIONS.................................. 16
SAFETY........................................................ 18
PROJECT STAFF...........................................20
RECOMMENDED READING............................ 21
PARTICIPANT RIGHTS
AND RESPONSIBILITIES ..............................22
COMMUNICATIONS........................................26
Images © Jen Alger, Sam Burgess, Earthwatch, Genevieve Pearson, Julie Rogers, Dr. David Smith
Coral Communities in the Seychelles 2015
1
GENERAL INFORMATION
CORAL COMMUNITIES IN THE SEYCHELLES
EARTHWATCH SCIENTISTS: David J. Smith, Director
of the Coral Reef Research Unit, University of Essex
EXPEDITION DATES:
Team 1: April 15–April 26, 2015
David Suggett, University of Sydney, Australia
RESEARCH SITE: Curieuse Marine Park,
Curieuse Island, Seychelles
Complete travel information is not
available in this version of the briefing.
Please contact Earthwatch
with any questions.
2
TRIP PLANNER
TO DO IMMEDIATELY
q Make sure you understand and agree to Earthwatch
policies and participant responsibilities (see pg. 24).
90 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION
q I f traveling internationally, make sure your passport
is current and obtain a visa for your destination country,
if necessary (see the Passports and Visas section,
pg. 15, for more details).
og in at earthwatch.org to complete your
qL
volunteer forms including:
ake sure you have all the necessary vaccinations
qM
for your project site (see the Health Information section,
pg. 20).
q Earthwatch Participation Form for Adults, including
Water-Based Projects and Snorkel section
ring your level of fitness up to the standards required
qB
(see the Project Conditions section).
or
qE
arthwatch Participation Form for Scuba Divers
NOTE: If you have signed up for an expedition within
90 days of the start date, you must return your fully
completed volunteer forms as soon as possible.
eview the packing list to make sure you have all the
qR
clothing, personal supplies, and equipment needed.
q Pay any outstanding balance for your expedition
(if you are a fee paying volunteer).
eave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number with
qL
a friend or relative (see the inside back cover).
q Book travel arrangements.
eave copies of your passport, visa, and airline tickets
qL
with a friend or relative.
q If you plan to purchase travel insurance, note that
some policies require purchase when your expedition
is booked (see the Insurance section, pg. 21, for
more information).
onfirm your travel arrangements.
qC
Read this expedition briefing thoroughly. It provides the most accurate information available at the time
of your Earthwatch scientist’s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you have about the
project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation, and you may need to be
flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as to unpredictable factors such as
weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your expedition to the fullest, remember to
expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and try to find humor in difficult situations. If there
are any major changes in the research plan or field logistics, Earthwatch will make every effort to keep
you well informed before you go into the field.
3
EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST
GENERAL
REQUIRED ITEMS FOR SCUBA VOLUNTEERS
hotocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and credit
qP
cards in case the originals are lost or stolen; the copies
should be packed separately from the original
documents
assport and/or visa (if necessary)
qP
ALL EQUIPMENT with the exception of of the following
three listed items MUST be brought with you on your
expedition. There is no facility to rent these on Curieuse
Island. This has the advantage of ensuring that the
equipment you are using will be familiar and comfortable.
ertification of vaccination (if necessary)
qC
•Air tanks with air refills (as needed)
CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR FIELDWORK
•Buoyancy compensator device (BCD) and regulator
(you can bring your own if you wish)
arthwatch T-shirt
qE
•Weights to fit on standard webbing belt
ightweight, quick-drying, long-sleeved shirts and
qL
pants/trousers
Please also ensure that you bring the following:
ood footwear: trainers/sneakers or sturdy sandals
qG
athing suit/swimwear (at least two suggested)
qB
ater shoes/booties
qW
lashlight or headlamp with extra batteries
qF
and extra bulb
unglasses and hat
qS
CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISURE
t least one set of clothing to keep clean for end
qA
of expedition
FIELD SUPPLIES
ive certification card and dive-log showing at least
qD
last five dives
AN Insurance card
qD
mergency whistle
qE
afety sausage / Remote SMB
qS
(not required but recommended)
ive tables
qD
ive watch (must be waterproof to a minimum of 100m)
qD
or dive computer
etsuit (we suggest a full length skin suit or 3mm wetsuit)
qW
pare batteries for dive computer and other equipment
qS
mall daypack/rucksack
qS
epair kit with extra parts for all scuba gear
qR
(O rings, fin and mask straps, BC patch kit)
rybag or plastic sealable bags (good for protecting
qD
equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and water)
esh bag to keep all of your gear together
qM
q Insect repellent spray (with 40% DEET ), e.g.,
Skin-So-Soft or Mosi-guard (environmentally friendly)
BEDDING AND BATHING
wo one-liter water bottles
qT
ed sheets will be provided, but you may wish to bring
qB
your own sheets, or a lightweight sleeping bag
ens and paper for data recording
qP
owel
qT
emory stick of 2-4GB for exchanging data and
qM
sharing photos
e strongly recommend that you bring mosquito nets
qW
for your bed.
q In addition, a personal laptop computer (or similar for
data recording and analysis), and digital camera are
highly recommended.
PLEASE NOTE: if you are bringing expensive equipment
ensure that it is covered under your own personal insurance.
You must also ensure that you store your valuable items
safely and securely at all times.)
PERSONAL SUPPLIES
ersonal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and shampoos
qP
are encouraged)
oll of toilet paper
qR
ntibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning hands
qA
while in the field)
ersonal first aid kit (e.g. anti-diarrhoea pills, antibiotics,
qP
antiseptic, itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister
covers, etc.) and personal medications
unscreen lotion with SPF 30 or higher
qS
4
MISCELLANEOUS
REQUIRED ITEMS FOR SNORKEL VOLUNTEERS
pending money
qS
ALL EQUIPMENT MUST be brought with you on your expedition.
There is no facility to rent these on Curieuse Island.
amera, film/memory card(s), extra camera battery
qC
and charger
ask
qM
lug adaptor
qP
ins
qF
OPTIONAL ITEMS
ater shoes/booties (generally required if you are using
qW
open heeled fins)
ood coffee and/or tea, dried fruit for snacks,
qG
or other goodies (appropriately sealed)
each towel
qB
nti-bacterial eye and ear drops e.g. swimear
qA
arplugs
qE
xposure protection: a long lightweight wetsuit or
qE
skinsuit will protect from both the sun and jellyfish /
other stingers.
NOTE: Required and optional items lists are accurate to the
best of Earthwatch’s knowledge at the time of publication.
ardware for sharing digital photographs at the end
qH
of the expedition
ravel guidebook
qT
ooks, games, journal, art supplies, etc. for
qB
recreational/rest time and travel
inoculars: the Seychelles are world-renowned for birds
qB
uct tape—always handy!
qD
5
THE RESEARCH
CORAL COMMUNITIES IN THE SEYCHELLES
THE STORY
Tropical coral reef systems are some of the most biodiverse
ecosystems in the world. They also serve as a buffer between
coastal land and ocean waves, and have cultural importance for
the communities around them. We also make heavy use of their
resources for food and income generation. But, though many
recognize that maintaining reef health is essential to the welfare
of hundreds of millions of people, humans continue to degrade
reefs by unsustainably exploiting their resources, polluting
coastal waters, and changes in land use (e.g. coastal
development). These threats add to the potentially devastating
impacts of rapid climate change, which could alter the physical
and biological structure of reefs to a point where they can no
longer provide us with the services we depend on—and where
the diversity of life they support no longer exists.
RESEARCH AIMS
With our research, we aim to provide managers and
policymakers with the key information they need to counteract
the threats to coral reefs. We work to determine which
environmental conditions most drive reef degradation, which
species will face the most negatively effects, and how changes
in habitat quality may impact ecosystem biodiversity.
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More specifically, we work toward the following:
•Determining the characteristics of reef and reef-associated
communities within Curieuse Marine National Park.
•Determining how environmental conditions regulate the
growth and viability of hard coral species.
•Determining the levels of variability in the carbon chemistry
of the different ecosystems within the Curieuse Marine
National Park and the areas that naturally experience the
lowest pH.
•Identifying the species of corals that have variable seawater
carbon chemistry along with a variable pH and investigate the
adaptations required to exist in these environments
•Determining the relationship between habitat quality and key
groups of animals, particularly fish, mollusks, and decapod
crustaceans like crabs and lobsters.
•Putting our data into context for management purposes, and
making it accessible to local user groups and authorities to
maximize the benefit for local conservation.
The dominant coral formations around Curieuse Island, where
we’ll focus on this expedition, are veneering, but there is a
carbonaceous reef structure on the southwest side of the island,
as well as an extensive mangrove stand in Baie Laraie. Our
research focuses on reef-building corals, the key architects of
their ecosystem. Their health and productivity largely dictate the
overall biodiversity of a reef system. We also include detailed
surveys of coral reef fish so that we can directly relate key
indicators of overall biodiversity and system health to the
characteristics of the fundamental reef builders.
We scuba dive and snorkel, often recording underwater video,
to collect data on the community and population structure of
corals and the associated fish diversity. We also use non-invasive
techniques, such as pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry and
oxygen drift sensing, to investigate how corals absorb and use
light for photosynthesis and the proportion of photosynthesis
that contributes to coral growth. We use data we collect in the
field to inform aquarium studies, in which we subject corals to
high temperatures and record their physiological response. By
combining these aquarium experiments and our intensive field
surveys, we can understand the vulnerability of key coral species
to environmental stress like climate change, and identify what
growth conditions enhance the tolerance of corals to stress.
HOW YOU WILL HELP
On this project you’ll help with the majority of tasks, from field
measurements and aquarium studies to data entry and analysis.
Specific assignments will depend on the experience and interests
of the team, as well as weather and the research demands. It
will be important to be flexible. You will also be involved with
group discussions, project development, and project planning.
You’ll learn how to help with videography, coral reef monitoring,
reef fish surveys, and aquarium studies. You may also play a role
in creating material to engage the Seychelles government, the
local community, and conservation groups. This material helps
us put our research in a meaningful context for these groups,
and helps them learn learn about the status of reefs of the
region, the combination of factors that influence reef
biodiversity, and the levels of vulnerability of reef-building
species to climate change. By arming these groups with this
information, we hope to inform policy that will preserve reefs
and protect the species that depend on them—us, for one.
7
YOUR DESTINATION
ABOUT SEYCHELLES
8
The Seychelles archipelago consists of about 115 islands
scattered across the Indian Ocean just south of the equator,
approximately 1,600 kilometers (994 miles) east of Africa.
Granite composes the central islands—the largest and most
populous is Mahé—while coral atolls make up the outlying
islands. The country has a total land area of 455 square
kilometers (176 square miles, about the size of the city of New
Orleans in the U.S.). The island had no native inhabitants; it is
now inhabited mostly by the descendents of immigrants from
Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Few have studied the Curieuse’s coral community, intertidal
environment, and mangrove habitats, despite its status as a
national marine park. Despite its small size (2.86 square
kilometers, or 1 square mile), Curieuse has an array of habitats,
including grasslands grazed by hundreds of giant tortoises, lush
woodlands with coco-de-mer (sea coconut) palms and takamaka
trees, scrubland, lowland freshwater marshes, and mangroves.
Erosion and soil impoverishment on the exposed and sun-beaten
upper slopes of the island have left craggy boulders covered only
with lichens.
Curieuse Island, your home base on this expedition, is the fifthlargest granitic island of the Seychelles. This tranquil island has
a fascinating history: it served as a leper colony until 1965, and
the doctor’s house near Anse St. Jose, now the island’s visitor’s
center, still stands. Now, many know the island for its natural
beauty. Along with its surrounding waters, it forms one of the
Seychelles’ six national marine parks, the boundaries of which
extend 200 meters offshore, all the way to the neighboring
island of Praslin in the west.
The first giant tortoises from the Indian Ocean island of Aldabra
were sent to Curieuse—which now hosts a tortoise sanctuary—
on the advice of Charles Darwin. A tortoise nursery, part of this
conservation program, is near your accommodations. The
tortoises thrive on the island, along with green geckos, Seychelles
skinks, hawksbill turtles, lizards, crabs, insects, and many
species of bird, including whimbrel, heron, and black parrot.
Praslin, the other island you’ll spend time on during this
expedition, is 44 kilometers (27 miles) northeast of Mahé, and has
a land area of about 38 square kilometers (15 square miles). Its
landscape ranges from steep, forested mountains to worldrenowned golden sand beaches like Anse Lazio and Anse
Georgette. The island is one of the most popular tourist
destinations in the Seychelles, and has many hotels and resorts.
It also has the Vallée de Mai Reserve, a beautiful area classified
as a UNESCO World Heritage site because of its abundance of
coco-de-mer palms, a species endemic to Praslin and Curieuse.
The population of around 6,500 people live in eight small coastal
villages, and most people depend in some way on the tourism
industry for income. Fishing also provides a significant source
of income and a daily source of food.
You can explore both Praslin and Curieuse at your leisure on
recreational days, perhaps by taking some of the several marked
nature trails that are available. You may also wish to visit nearby
spots such as Cousin Island, a privately run bird reserve, or La
Digue Island, which draws many visitors because of its beaches,
variety of scenery, and lack of cars.
9
DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD
PLANS AND POLICIES
When you arrive, you’ll hear a talk on the coastal ecology of the
Seychelles, coral reef ecosystems, and climate change, and an
introduction to the sorts of animals you’re likely to encounter.
We will show images of the common species and go into the field
to examine them. We’ll also introduce you to all aspects of the
research and field methods. On the second day you will attend
seminars on reef system ecology, coral biology, species
identification and survey techniques, including practice sessions
on land. You will have practice scuba dives or snorkel sessions
to provide you with the training necessary to safely deploy
scientific equipment such as measuring tapes as transect lines
and metal / plastic 1m2 quadrats, which are used to isolate a
sample for observations.
RECREATIONAL TIME:
Your time on the island will be very full, but there will be daily
opportunities to enjoy the surroundings. If time allows, the
Earthwatch scientists will lead a walk to other parts of the island
as a group excursion. You may also swim or snorkel in the
nearby lagoon (if the scientists deem the conditions safe).
Professor Smith will train the team in scuba diving and snorkeling
techniques. Those qualified to participate in the diving portion
will learn about diving regulations and associated risks. All
diving volunteers, regardless experience level, must complete
a check dive with one of the dive masters. This check dive will
include basic diving practices, buoyancy checks, and rescue skill
scenarios. Snorkellers will be introduced to best and safe
snorkeling practices and must demonstrate in-water proficiency.
On some days, we’ll only do a single dive or snorkel, rather than
two, allowing time to input data in the afternoon or work on
other projects. Diving and snorkeling will also depend on local
sea state and weather. Although every effort will be made to
ensure diving is possible, there may be times when we are not
able to conduct marine surveys for safety reasons.
EARTHWATCH RECREATIONAL TIME POLICY
Project staff will generally accompany participants from the rendezvous to the end of the expedition. For recreational days,
when no research activities are scheduled, Earthwatch scientists will offer either a team activity or a range of recreational
activities that comply with Earthwatch standards. Participants may also remain at project accommodations. Those who pursue
other options must sign a release form.
If there is a period of time during a regular research day when no research activities are scheduled, adult participants may
leave the project site on their own; they will have to sign out first. Unless contacted for help, project staff will not search for
a participant unless he or she fails to appear the following morning or for the next scheduled research activity.
Earthwatch will assess the general risks of adult participants leaving the project site, but cannot guarantee participant safety
or an awareness of all issues. In some cases, due to local conditions, adult participants may have to stay at the project site
during recreational time, a requirement that will be clearly communicated on site.
10
ITINERARY AND DAILY SCHEDULE
Weather and research needs can lead to changes in
the daily schedule. We appreciate your cooperation and
understanding.
DAYS 1 AND 2:
Arrival at Praslin Island and transfer to Curieuse;
introduction to field methods and data input; identification
skills; if appropriate, test diving supervised by an
Earthwatch scientist; planning for next day.
DAY 1
Time
Activity
1:00 to 3:00 p.m.
Arrival and introduction to the field
base, the research team and key
research aims. Lunch.
Afternoon
• Lecture: Introduction to corals reefs
• Lecture: Introduction to reef organisms
• Lecture: Introduction to survey
techniques
• In-water activity: snorkel to reef front
6:30 p.m.
Dinner
Early Evening
• Lecture: Coral reefs and climate change
• Planning for the next day and overview
of days activities
DAY 2
DAYS 3–5: Surveys of coral communities; data input;
evening discussions.
Time
Activity
7:30 a.m.
Breakfast
8:30 a.m.
Prepare equipment (if needed)
9:00 a.m.
Start science and survey,
lunch around midday
6:00 p.m.
End field or laboratory work;
clean and put away all equipment
6:30 p.m.
Dinner
8:30 p.m.
Briefing for the next day’s session
DAY 6:
Recreational day to explore the island; we’ll likely visit the
island of Praslin or the stunning beaches of Curieuse.
DAYS 7–10: Field data collection; data input;
evening discussion.
Time
Activity
7:30 a.m.
Breakfast
8:30 a.m.
Prepare equipment (if needed)
9:00 a.m.
Start science and survey,
lunch around midday
6:00 p.m.
End field or laboratory work;
clean and put away all equipment
6:30 p.m.
Dinner
8:30 p.m.
Briefing for the next day’s session
Time
Activity
7:30 a.m.
Breakfast
8:30 a.m.
Introduction to the day
9:00 a.m.
Land-based survey practice
10:00 a.m.
In-water activity: Practice scuba (check
dive) and snorkel
12 noon
Activity debrief
DAY 12:
Afternoon
In-water activity: practice survey
Debrief
Workshop: aquarium experiments
and set-up
6:30 p.m.
Dinner
Breakfast, boat ride to Praslin and ferry to Mahé for
afternoon or next-day departures. Volunteers should
consult a travel guidebook for information on local
attractions. See the Recommended Reading section for
suggested guidebooks.
Early Evening
Workshop: division of tasks and
planning for next day
DAY 11:
Wrap up field measurements; data input; clean up;
possible recreational time.
11
ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD
ABOUT YOUR HOME IN THE FIELD
SLEEPING
On Curieuse Island, you will stay in a traditional guesthouse
just 20 meters from the sea. The guesthouse has two bedrooms,
a bathroom, a kitchen, and a sitting room.
Your accommodations and food will be very simple—be prepared
for basic living conditions. As is common in tropical environments,
you’ll likely see yellow flies, ants, wasps, mosquitoes, and rats.
Please ensure that you follow advice from Earthwatch staff on
how to look after your equipment and belongings.
Participants will sleep in bunk beds (two sets of bunks in each
bedroom), and therefore you will share a room with three or
four others depending on total team size. Rooms will be split by
gender. There are no single or couples rooms. Due to the tropical
climate, you should only need bed sheets for sleeping. Sheets
will be provided, but you may wish to bring your own. We also
strongly recommend that you bring mosquito nets for your beds.
BATHROOMS
ELECTRICITY
There is 24-hour electricity. You are strongly advised to bring
a personal computer for data recording and analysis purposes.
A digital camera will also help record information. Please be
aware that all such items are carried at your own risk. Be certain
to prepare for any difference in electrical supply or plugs (local
supply is 240 volts AC, three-square-pin, as in the U.K.). Also,
you should take into consideration the possible effects of sand
and salt on any equipment you bring.
INTERNET AND COMMUNICATIONS
There is neither a phone line nor Internet access in the
guesthouse, but there is mobile coverage.
The bathroom is within the guesthouse and consists of one
shower, basin, and flush toilet. The shower provides cool to warm
water, which is most refreshing after a day spent in the sun. You
will need to bring your own towel for washing, and you may wish
to bring another for beach use.
12
FACILITIES AND AMENITIES
There are no laundry facilities available at the guest house, but
participants can hand-wash clothes in the bathroom. The kitchen
is equipped with a sink, gas stove top, and shared refrigerator, but
all cooking is done by designated staff. Food should be kept away
from bedrooms and general living areas so as not to attract rats.
DISTANCE TO FIELD SITE
The accommodations are located at the field base. There is a
100-meter walk to the boat bay.
SERVICES & RESTAURANTS IN WALKING DISTANCE
There are no services/restaurants on Curieuse. The nearest
facilities are on the island of Praslin, which can be visited for
a short time to buy snacks or supplies at the end of each day.
FOOD
At the guesthouse breakfast, lunch and dinner will be provided,
all prepared by a cook. At the guesthouse, breakfast and dinner
will be provided. Basic special diets, e.g. vegetarians, can be
accommodated, but appropriate supplements and vitamins
should be brought, as the range of vegetables can be limited.
Below are examples of the foods you might expect in the field.
Please bear in mind that variety depends on availability. This list
is intended to provide a general idea of food types, but it is very
important that volunteers be flexible.
BREAKFAST: Continental style
LUNCH: Typically rice, pasta, salad or vegetables
DINNER: Typically fish, rice, and vegetables; vegetarian meals;
occasionally beef
WATER: Drinking water will be provided
Special Dietary Requirements
Please alert Earthwatch to any special dietary requirements (e.g.
diabetes, lactose intolerance, nut or other serious food allergies)
as soon as possible, and note them in the space provided on your
volunteer forms. Accommodating special diets is not guaranteed
and can be very difficult due to availability of food, location of
field sites, and other local conditions.
SPECIAL NOTE TO VEGANS: Strict vegan diets may be difficult
to accommodate.
13
TRAVEL TIPS
SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ROAD
LUGGAGE
LOST AND DELAYED LUGGAGE: If your luggage goes astray,
please give the airline this contact information:
Seychelles National Parks Authority
Laurier Avenue
Victoria
Mahe
Republic of Seychelles
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS: Do not bring more luggage than
you can carry and handle on your own. If traveling by air and
checking your luggage, we advise you to pack an extra set of field
clothing and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in case
your luggage is lost or delayed. Many airlines have strict baggage
policies. Please check with your airline(s) on baggage weight
limits, liquid restrictions, fees for checked baggage, etc.
TRANSFERRING LUGGAGE: If you will be taking an international
flight that has one or more connections within the country of your
destination, you must collect any checked bags at the airport
where you first arrive in the destination country. After proceeding
through customs, you will have to recheck your luggage before
flying on to your final destination.
MONEY MATTERS
LOCAL CURRENCY: Seychelles rupee (SCR), U.S. Dollars and
Euros are accepted in some hotels, restaurants, and shops. See
www.xe.com/ucc for currency information and exchange rates.
PERSONAL FUNDS: On Mahé, you’ll need money to cover food
and miscellaneous costs before and after the team. Any
additional accommodation costs can be paid for by credit card. A
taxi to a hotel in Mahé will cost around 200 Seychelles rupees
(US$17) depending on the location. It is recommended to ask the
price before entering the taxi. You can pay in either local currency
or US$ but you will pay a higher price if paying in US Dollars.
Most payments in the Seychelles have to be made in foreign
exchange (typically U.S. Dollars or Euros). There are ATMs
available at the airport, in Victoria and other locations around
Mahé and on Praslin, but none on Curieuse. It is possible to
exchange money (U.S. dollars, Euros, GBP) at the airport and
at the majority of hotels in Mahe / Praslin. When staying on
Curieuse, money will only been needed to buy snacks and drinks
if/when a visit is made to Praslin. US$100 is recommended for
miscellaneous expenses.
14
DEPARTURE TAXES: Tips (restaurants, hotels, taxis, porters,
etc.) and so on are usually already included as 5–10 percent of
the bill or fare. All hotel and restaurant tariffs include a service
charge, but payment is not obligatory.
YOUR DESTINATION:
Language: English and French are the official languages,
but most Seychellois speak Creole, a derivative of French.
The project will be conducted in English, and for safety
reasons, volunteers must be fluent in English to participate.
It is recommended that all volunteers try to learn a few
phrases of Creole before joining the project. Some websites
(seychelles.travel/en/about_seychelles/language.php and
wiki.travel.com/en/Seychellois_Creole_phrasebook) provide
useful phrases and translations.
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS: Dress appropriately, avoiding
tight or revealing clothing. Please bring at least one pair of
comfortable long trousers (cotton or similar—not jeans) and a
plain long-sleeved shirt for events such as meeting government
officials. Women should note that topless sunbathing is illegal in
the Seychelles. Also, the Seychelles government prohibits the
wearing of any camouflage apparel or carrying anything
camouflage, e.g., a backpack, unless participating in a
sanctioned military activity.
ELECTRICITY: 240 volts, three-square-pin plug (as in UK).
For additional information, see kropla.com/electric2.htm.
TIME ZONE: GMT/UTC +4 hrs. For time worldwide with GMT/UTC,
see worldtimeserver.com.
TELEPHONE DIALING CODES: When calling the Seychelles
from another country, dial the country’s international dialing
code, followed by 248 and the number. When calling within the
Seychelles, omit the 248. When calling another country from the
Seychelles, dial 00, followed by the other country’s country code
and the number. Please note: you should check with your cell
phone provider to obtain any carrier-specific dialing codes you
may need; many providers have dialing procedures that
may differ in whole or in part from these directions. See
kropla.com/dialcode.htm.
PASSPORTS AND VISAS
WILL YOU NEED A PASSPORT?
Most volunteers traveling from outside the Seychelles will
require a passport valid for at least six months beyond the
dates of travel.
WILL YOU NEED A VISA?
Citizens of the U.S., EU, Canada, Australia, and Japan
DO need tourist visas for entry. Citizens of other countries
should check with their travel agent or a visa agency for
specific visa and entry requirements.
INFORMATION FOR VOLUNTEERS
REQUIRING VISAS ONLY
TYPE OF VISA TO GET: Tourist
The purpose of your visit is for vacation, holiday or travel.
Immigration officials do not always understand the concept
of a “working vacation” or “volunteering.” Words such as
“working,” “volunteering,” “research,” or “scientific
expedition” can raise questions concerning the country’s
foreign labor laws and about official scientific research
permits and credentials, etc., to which volunteers will not
be equipped to respond on their own. All required research
permits for the project are in place and have been approved
by the proper authorities.
WHERE TO GET A VISA: Contact the nearest Seychellois
embassy or consulate to find out how to apply. Please note
that this process can take weeks or even months. We
strongly recommend using a visa agency, which can both
expedite and simplify the process.
SUGGESTED AGENCIES
IN THE U.S.: Travisa; 212-613-2223; travisa.com
IN EUROPE: CIBT, Inc. (U.K.); info@uk.cibt.com;
uk.cibt.com
IN AUSTRALIA: Ask your travel agency if it can send your
visa application on your behalf.
REQUIRED INFORMATION: You will need to send your
passport (valid for at least six months beyond your stay),
a visa application and immigration form, two to four
passport-size photos, and payment to the embassy or visa
agency (if applicable). Please be sure that your passport
is valid for at least six months beyond your stay.
CONTACT INFORMATION: You may be required to list the
following contact information on your visa application and
immigration form:
Denis Matatiken
Seychelles National Park Authority,
P.O. Box 1240, Victoria, Mahé
+248 225-114
COST OF A VISA: Generally between US$40 and $100, but
varies from country to country and can cost up to US$180.
A visa agency will charge an additional fee.
VOLUNTEERS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE
In an effort to prevent international child abduction, many
governments have procedures at entry and exit points to
protect minors. Thus, if a minor will be traveling with only
one guardian or alone, he or she may need a notarized letter
from all legal guardians stating that the minor may travel
unaccompanied or in the presence of a single guardian. If
necessary, this letter must give an explanation for why only
one parent or someone other than a parent is signing the
letter. For example, if one parent is deceased, only one
parent has legal guardianship, or someone other than the
parents are legal guardians, the letter should state that.
Airlines may also have documentation requirements for
unaccompanied minors, e.g. a birth certificate or a
notarized letter like the one described above.
IMPORTANT: Requirements of specific countries and
airlines vary and change frequently. You must keep
informed of the requirements on your own to avoid
problems at immigration. If the minor is refused entry into a
country or onto a flight because of lack of documentation,
there is nothing Earthwatch can do to help.
15
PROJECT CONDITIONS
THE FIELD ENVIRONMENT
GENERAL CONDITIONS
DIVING CONDITIONS
The information that follows is as accurate as possible,
but please keep in mind that conditions may change.
A certified dive master or instructor will be present on all
Earthwatch projects that involve scuba. The dive master/
instructor is responsible for all aspects of safe diving. He/she
will also inform divers about safety procedures, environmental
rules and regulations, and safe diving limits. The dive master/
instructor has the right to exclude anyone from participating in
scuba activities if he/she fails the check dive, dives unsafely, or
places him/herself or others in a situation of undue risk. The
dive master/instructor may limit or modify the planned diving
activities if he/she determines that a volunteer does not have
suitable abilities to participate safely. If the dive master/instructor
determines that the conditions are not suitable for diving, he/she
may halt scuba or other in-water activities at any time.
The weather will be warmer than at other times of year, but
slightly less humid. The climate of this island chain is tropical
(temperature range of 27º–32ºC (80º–90ºF), with average
humidity of 70–90 percent, three meters of annual rainfall).
The islands essentially experience two seasons: from May to
October, the southeast trade winds bring cooler dry weather, and
from December to March, the northwest trade winds bring calm
but hot and rainy weather. The terrain of Curieuse around the
research base is mostly very flat, but the interior of the island
rises to 172 meters and consists of many granitic boulders.
APRIL CONDITIONS
WEATHER
HUMIDITY: 74%
TEMPERATURE RANGE: 26°–32°C (79°–90°F)
ALTITUDE: 0–172 m (562 ft)
RAINFALL: 178 mm (7 in) per month
WATER
TYPICAL WATER TEMPERATURE
AT WORKING DEPTHS: 27°C (80°F)– 32°C (90°F)
TYPICAL WATER VISIBILITY: 10m (33ft)–20m (66ft)
TYPICAL MAXIMUM
WATER DEPTH IN AREA: Over 500m (1,640ft)
SITE TYPE: Granitic and lagoon diving/snorkelling
TIMING OF ACTIVITY: Day
EGRESS INTO WATER: Ladder and/or over edge
of boat and from shore
16
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
All participants must be able, independently or with the
assistance of a companion, to:
qF
ollow verbal and or visual instructions.
qE
njoy spending several hours per day outdoors.
qT
olerate over 35°C (85°F) heat and exposure to strong sun
for up to 2 hrs at a time.
qT
raverse distances of up to 5 km per day over moderate
terrain to move between and around village residences.
This distance will be broken up, not covered all at one time.
qR
emain in one place to conduct multiple interviews and
discussions for periods that could total up to 8 hrs per day.
qH
ave a basic level of swimming for safety reasons, since the
research will involve traveling by boat between some project sites
(however, you are not required to be able to swim long distances).
qG
et oneself into and out of the boat from the beach/
shallow water.
qG
et oneself up into and down out of a car and ride, seated
with seatbelt fastened, for a total of about 20 minutes once
to twice a day.
qR
emain seated in an upright seated position in a rigid hull
inflatable boat for up to 30 minutes per day, with the
possibility of choppy seas and an unbalanced boat.
qD
ivers only: Meet all SCUBA requirements listed on the next
page, and be prepared for 2-3 shallow (less than 20 m/65 ft)
dives per day.
PLEASE NOTE: Please note that the snorkel activities may be
more intense than the SCUBA given local weather conditions
and waves.
TO PARTICIPATE AS A SCUBA DIVER ON THIS
PROJECT, A VOLUNTEER MUST:
qP
rovide proof of diving certification and DAN
(or equivalent) insurance.
qM
eet the minimum dive certification level for this project,
which is CMAS 2 star = PADI Rescue, BASC Sports or
equivalent. Or, have at least 30 dives, of which 5 were
in the past year.
qH
ave logged at least 10 dives post certification.
qH
ave completed at least five dives within a year prior to the
project, or completed a refresher course or skills check-out
from a certifying agency or instructor (divers with 100+ logged
dives may have a skills check-out, divers with under 100 dives
must take a refresher course).
qH
ave good buoyancy control and be completely comfortable
under water.
qB
e able to swim at least 200 meters unaided by buoyancy devices.
qS
end Earthwatch the most recent 10 dives from his/her dive
log (NOT the entire log), and bring the log to the field for the
project dive master to check.
qU
ndergo a medical exam and have the Earthwatch SCUBA
participation form signed by a diving doctor prior to the expedition.
qU
ndergo a check-out dive by the project dive master, who will
have the right to modify activities if needed.
qB
ring his/her own mask, snorkel, fins, BC, weight belt
(not weights), wetsuit/dive skin, regulator, computer,
booties, light, etc.
qH
ave his/her regulator serviced within a year prior to the
expedition, and dive with that equipment immediately prior
to the expedition in order to test its use.
17
POTENTIAL HAZARDS
Hazard Type
Associated Risks and Precautions
Transportation
(road and boat)
Participants will be transported from the main port of Baie St. Anne (Praslin) to Cote d’Or by taxi or minivan. You
must wear seatbelts during road transport. Some of the field sites will require transportation by boat: take care
when entering and exiting, as surfaces may be slippery and access may require a step up or down. If you suffer
from motion or seasickness, please discuss the use and side effects of medication for this condition with your
physician. Boarding and stepping out of an inflatable craft and/or sitting onboard a boat or in a vehicle when the
sea is choppy or road surfaces bumpy may result in physical threats for those with mobility or spinal problems.
Those volunteers should carefully consider participation on the project. In addition, those with back, knee, or hip
problems, or who are pregnant, may have difficulties or discomfort when boarding and exiting the boat, and
during navigation under choppy sea conditions. You will get a full safety briefing; comply with all instructions from
project staff relating to safety. You may not smoke on vessels or within vehicles to avoid the risk of fire.
Terrain
On all terrain, walk carefully and wear appropriate footwear. Watch for potholes or unstable sections of road,
which can cause falls or ankle sprains. The beach on the south side of Curiuese Island has coral sand, which can
cut feet, and walking through intertidal habitats can have risks. Never enter the water without adequate footwear
or permission from project staff.
Plants
While it’s unlikely, you may come in contact with irritating plants while working on the island. We will brief you on
identifying these plants. If you come in contact with the sap of these plants, wash it away immediately, and use an
eye bath if necessary. You may also encounter low-lying tree branches or falling coconuts, which could cause
injury. Please pay attention to your surroundings when walking.
Marine Animals/
Plants
Tropical marine environments have many potentially hazardous animals; those you may encounter include
hydroids, jellyfish, sea urchins, fire coral, grey reef sharks, whitetip reef sharks, rays, lionfish, scorpion fish,
stone fish, rabbit fish, sturgeons, barracuda, and trigger fish. You’ll receive on-site training in safe identification
and avoidance techniques. Stingrays frequent the shallows immediately adjacent to the accommodations; wear
appropriate footwear and take care even when paddling at the waters’ edge. Do not touch any animal. Most of
these potentially dangerous animals are passive and will only present a significant hazard if harassed.
Scorpions
A small species of scorpion is present on Curieuse Island, but is rarely encountered and only gives a mild sting.
Shake out footwear before putting it on, and watch where you step.
Rats
You may see rats, which present a risk of leptospirosis or rabies. To reduce the chance of rats entering the
accommodations, do not leave any food out. Store food closed containers.
Insects
Yellow wasps live in low-level vegetation on the islands. They can give a nasty sting, which should be treated with
antihistamine ointment. Other stinging and biting insects include ants, mosquitoes, bees, and wasps. If you have
an allergic reactions to stings, bring appropriate treatment. Additionally, chikungunya is currently present in
Mahé, which is spread by mosquitos and causes flu-like symptoms, joint swelling, aches, and stomach pain.
These symptoms can last from a few days to a few months. Protect yourself from bites by wearing strong insect
repellant (50% DEET) and trousers and long-sleeved shirts at dawn and dusk.
Climate/Weather
The major hazards here are climate related: heatstroke, dehydration, and sunburn. Keep out of the sun whenever
possible, wear protective clothing and high-factor sun block, and drink plenty of water (up to six liters a day).
Because of the high humidity, if you use a hearing aid, you may find it doesn’t work properly. Consider purchasing
a hearing aid dehumidifier, e.g.,
shopmash.com/AIDS_TO_DAILY_LIVING/HEARING_ASSIST_DEVICES/HEI400587/product.aspx
Swimming/
Wading/
Snorkeling
18
Swimming may be possible as a recreational activity. Two fatal shark attacks took place in the waters off Praslin
in 2011. Follow all safety instructions from the Earthwatch scientists, who will consider local guidance do decide
whether swimming will be permitted or not. Currents and swells caused by the southeast monsoon may also
happen. Should swimming be possible, be mindful of water conditions before entering the water. Do not enter the
water before talking to, and getting permission from, the Earthwatch scientists. Do not swim alone, at night, or
after consuming alcohol.
SCUBA Diving
Scuba activities have inherent risk, and qualified participants who intend to dive will receive training in safe
practices related to remote tropical diving. If you intend to dive, you must be in good physical condition and have
undergone a recent physical examination by a physician (preferably one familiar with diving). Restrictive dive
profiles will be used and checks will continually take place. As with all diving activities, there is a risk of a decompression illness (DCI). There isn’t a recompression chamber on the island; therefore, staff will impose strict
diving restrictions. You must follow the Earthwatch scientists’ instructions; failure to comply could result in not
being allowed to participate in diving activities. All volunteers undertaking scuba activities must participate in
test dives. Should the Earthwatch scientists not be satisfied with your competence, you will cannot participate
further in these activities.
Project Tasks/
Equipment
Lab work will involve sharp tools. Take care to avoid cutting yourself. Scuba participants will use heavy
equipment. Take care not to drop equipment and to avoid back strain when lifting.
Personal Security
Be careful with personal belongings, especially when staying in busy areas of Mahé. Do not walk alone along
deserted beaches.
Political/Social/
Cultural
Swimwear should only be worn on the beach; wear regular clothes in town. Topless and nude bathing are
unacceptable. Wearing camouflage is prohibited. Homosexuality is illegal in the area.
Piracy has also been a threat in recent years, though not close to or within the Seychelles Islands. Project staff
are aware of the threat, and the Seychelles government remains on high alert. Because you’ll work close to
shore, you face a (very low) piracy threat.
19
SAFETY
HEALTH INFORMATION
ROUTINE IMMUNIZATIONS
All volunteers should have the following up-to-date immunizations:
DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus), polio, MMR (measles,
mumps, rubella), and varicella (if you have not already had
chicken pox). Please be sure your tetanus shot is current.
Medical decisions are the responsibility of each volunteer and
his or her doctor, and the following are recommendations only.
Earthwatch can only provide details regarding suggested
vaccinations, and we are not a medical organization.
PROJECT VACCINATIONS
REQUIRED: If traveling from countries or region where
yellow fever is endemic, you must have a certificate
of vaccination.
RECOMMENDED FOR HEALTH REASONS:
Typhoid, hepatitis A and B, Rabies
ADVICE REGARDING DISEASES
Diseases found in tropical regions may include malaria,
dengue fever, cholera, tuberculosis, filariasis, leishmaniasis,
onchocerciasis, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis,
strongyloidiasis, hepatitis, leptospirosis, chikunguya, polio,
tick-borne encephalitis, plague, and typhoid. Traveler’s diarrhea
also affects many international travelers. Please see the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov) or the
World Health Organization (who.int/) websites for more
information on these conditions and how to avoid them.
You can decrease your risk of most diseases above by avoiding
mosquito bites (cover up at dawn and dust and wear strong
insect repellant at all times (50% DEET)), practicing good hygiene,
and drinking only bottled or filtered water when appropriate.
If you feel ill once you return from your trip, make sure you
inform your doctor that you have recently returned from a
tropical region.
20
A few notes on vaccinations and treatment:
• R ABIES: Vaccinations are generally recommended for this
expedition given the potential contact with wildlife (rats)
and the prevalence of loose and stray dogs. The rabies preexposure vaccination consists of three doses over a 28-day
period. Please be sure to consult your physician or travel
health clinic well before your expedition to ensure that you
have time for the full vaccination series. If you have previously
been vaccinated, a booster shot may be required.
Whether you have been vaccinated or not, always avoid loose and
stray dogs. The pre-exposure vaccination does not eliminate the
need for post-exposure medical attention and treatment, but it
does provide additional protection against the disease in event
of a delay in treatment. In addition, bites or scratches should be
immediately and thoroughly washed with soap, clean water, and
a topical povidone-iodine solution or ethanol.
• TUBERCULOSIS: Volunteers returning from developing
countries may wish to have a (PPD)-tuberculin skin-test to
screen for potential infection.
• Y ELLOW FEVER: A vaccination protecting against yellow fever
is available, although pregnant women and
immunocompromised individuals cannot be vaccinated.
Your home country may require a certificate of vaccination for
re-entry if you travel to an area where yellow fever is endemic.
EMERGENCIES IN THE FIELD
PHYSICIAN, NURSE, OR EMT ON STAFF:
Project staff members are not medical professionals.
STAFF CERTIFIED IN SAFETY TRAINING
CPR (CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION):
Professor Dave Smith, Dr. Dave Suggett, Pippa Mansell
FIRST AID: Dr. Dave Suggett
WILDERNESS FIRST RESPONDER:
Professor Dave Smith, Pippa Mansell
WATER SAFETY: Professor Dave Smith, Dr. Dave Suggett
NEAREST HOSPITAL AND CLINIC
Baie St. Anne, Praslin
+248 (232)333
EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR
EMERGENCY HOTLINE
About 3 mi (5 km) from the research base,
approximately 10 mins’ travel time by car.
Call Earthwatch’s 24-hour on-call duty officer in the U.S.:
Victoria Hospital, on Mahé
+248 (388)000
+1 (978) 461-0081
+1 (800) 776-0188 (toll-free for calls placed from within the U.S.)
INSURANCE
HEALIX INTERNATIONAL:
Travel insurance is included in the contribution you pay to
Earthwatch. The insurance covers your travel medical risks,
including medical expenses and emergency medical evacuation,
while you are traveling. It does not provide personal liability
insurance. Earthwatch’s insurance is applicable during travel to
and from the expedition site and the duration of the expedition,
but does not apply to detours for personal vacations made on the
same trip . This insurance policy is secondary to your existing
health insurance policy.
For more information, please see earthwatch.org/expeditions/
travel-insurance. Refer any queries regarding Earthwatch’s
travel policy to our insurance liaison at +1 (978) 450-1222 or
insurance@earthwatch.org.
If you booked through Earthwatch Australia, please contact them at
+61 (0) 9016 7590 or earth@earthwatch.org.au for any queries.
EMERGENCY MEDICAL AND
EVACUATION ASSISTANCE:
+44-20-3667-8991 (collect calls and reverse charges accepted)
U.S. TOLL FREE: +1-877-759 3917
U.K. FREE PHONE: 0-800-19-5180
EMAIL: earthwatch@healix.com
FOR VOLUNTEERS BOOKED THROUGH
THE EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA OFFICE:
EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE
+61-0-3-8508-5537
After business hours, leave a message with our live
answering service. State that you have an emergency
and give the name of your expedition, your name, the
location from which you are calling, and if possible, a
phone number where you can be reached. An Earthwatch
staff person will respond to your call within one hour.
For emergency assistance in the field, please contact Earthwatch’s
24-hour emergency hotline number highlighted in the box. You
may also contact our assistance provider, Healix International,
at the number highlighted in the event of a medical/evacuation
emergency or for routine medical and travel advice, such as
advice on visas and vaccine requirements.
21
PROJECT STAFF
YOUR RESOURCES IN THE FIELD
EARTHWATCH SCIENTISTS
PROFESSOR DAVID J. SMITH is currently a senior lecturer in marine biology at the University of Essex. He is the Director of the Coral
Reef Research Unit and is the Director of Marine Research for Operation Wallacea. He serves as a senior advisor to the Institute of
Marine Environmental Research in the Aegean Sea and is a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He has supervised more than 100
undergraduate dissertations, mostly scuba-diving based, and has also supervised 30 doctoral students and 15 masters students. He is a
PADI Dive Master and BSAC advanced diver (CMAS three-star) with over 4,500 logged dives. Professor Smith’s research interests include
spatial and temporal patterns in coral reef diversity, factors negatively impacting coral reef diversity and productivity, the role of social
capital in biodiversity management, and the use of traditional ecological knowledge in sustainable biodiversity management. David will
be present on Team 1.
Assistant Professor. DAVID SUGGETT is an ARC Future Fellow at the University of Technology Sydney where he leads the Coral
Ecophysiology Processes Group. Prior to his current post he was a senior lecturer at the University of Essex (UK) and Assistant Director
of the UK’s Coral Reef Research Unit. His research interests focus on the functional diversity of tropical marine primary producers
(notably corals but also, macroalgae and seagrasses as well as pelagic phytoplankton) and how they respond to environmental stressors,
such as local pollution, global warming and ocean acidification. He has broader interests as to how these organisms interact with Earth’s
climate and are able to adapt to living under more extreme conditions. He is a PADI Rescue Diver. David will be present on Team 1.
EARTHWATCH FIELD STAFF
PHILIPPA MANSELL, the expedition research officer, is the Manager of the Coral Reef Research Unit (CRRU, University of Essex)
co-ordinating all research expeditions and establishing networks between coral reef researchers, industry, and education-focused
organizations. She is the director of an Indonesian NGO that manages scientific expeditions at a research facility in the Wakatobi Marine
National Park, and has been site manager and Indonesian coordinator for expeditions in this area for ten years. She has also served as
CoralWatch project manager at the University of Queensland and been a research officer at Lizard Island Research Station in the Great
Barrier Reef. She is a PADI Divemaster, has attended 30 diving-based expeditions, 10 of which she has led, and has logged over 1,400
scientific dives. Her key research interests include coral reef ecology and conservation.
ADAM GOURAGUINE holds a MSci in Marine and Freshwater Biology (University of Glasgow). At present, he is undertaking a PhD at the
Coral Reef Research Unit (CRRU, University of Essex). His research focuses on the identification of the key environmental drivers of coral
reef fish community structure and function and how changes to benthic structure mediated by climate change, will influence reef fish
diversity, productivity and functionality as well as how this information can be best used to develop conservation management strategies
for the future. Last year Adam had spent 6 weeks in the Wakatobi region of Indonesia, working for Operation Wallacea, doing coral reef
research and supervising several marine biology dissertation students, and 2 weeks in the Seychelles doing his own research and working
and assisting with Earthwatch volunteer projects. Previous research experience also includes 18 month long work at the Spanish Institute of
Oceanography in Palma de Mallorca, as a member of demersals research group, doing research on deep sea ecosystems, as well as marine
reserves. Adam also spent a season in the Caribbean, promoting leatherback turtle conservation and working as a PADI dive instructor.
In addition, Adam spent 3 months in the Ecuadorian rainforest conducting Amazonian fish and amphibian surveys.
EMMA CAMP is currently undertaking a Ph.D. in coral biology supervised by Dr. David Smith and Dr. David Suggett at the Coral Reef
Research Unit (CRRU, University of Essex). Her current research investigates the threat of ocean acidification on coral reefs, and focuses
on conservation strategies and management options for preserving these globally important ecosystems for the future. Emma has diverse
field and laboratory experience from the Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos, Spain and the United States. Emma is the director of Gaia
Environmental Services LTD and has carried out a number of consultancy assignments focusing on Environmental Impact Assessments
and Management Plans. Emma is a PADI Divemaster, has 11 years’ diving experience with over 1000 logged dives. Emma will be present
on Team 1.
A STAFF MEMBER FROM THE SEYCHELLES NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY will also join the team to provide logistics support. He/she will
be confirmed closer to the expedition.
22
RECOMMENDED READING
YOUR RESOURCES AT HOME
RESOURCES
BOOKS
FIELD GUIDES AND TRAVEL BOOKS
•Gillham M.E. 2000. Islands of the Trade Winds:
An Indian Ocean Odyssey. Minerva, London.
•Lieske, E. and Myers, R. 2001. Coral reef Fishes:
Indo-Pacific and Caribbean. Collins Pocket Guide
Revised Edition. HarperCollins Publishers.
•Mair L. and Beckley L. 2001. Seychelles. Bradt,
Chalfont St. Peter
•McClanahan T.R., Sheppard C.R.C. and Obura D.O. 2000.
Coral Reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and
Conservation. Oxford University Press.
•S app J. 1999. What is Natural? Coral Reef Crisis.
Oxford University Press.
•Stoddart D.R. (Ed.) 1984. Biogeography and Ecology
of the Seychelles Islands. Junk, Hague.
•W ilkinson, C. (Ed.). 2002. Status of coral reefs
of the world. AIMS, Townsville, Australia.
JOURNAL
•Suggett, D.J. and D.J. Smith. 2010. “Interpreting the signs
of coral bleaching as friend of foe.” Global Change Biology.
•Richmond M.D. (Ed.) 1997. A Guide to the Seashores
of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands.
Sida/SAREC, Sweden.
PROJECT-RELATED WEBSITES
•Coral Aquarist Research Network (CARN): carnuk.org/
•Coral Reef Research Unit (CRRU): essex.ac.uk/bs/crru/
•Reefs at Risk: wri.org/project/reefs-at-risk
•Seychelles National Park Authority: snpa.sc
EARTHWATCH SOCIAL MEDIA
•FACEBOOK: facebook.com/Earthwatch
•YOUTUBE: youtube.com/earthwatchinstitute
•T WITTER: twitter.com/earthwatch_org
23
PARTICIPANT RIGHTS
AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Conversely, an Earthwatch scientist may give written permission
to use data and images for academic or profitable activity. Please
be sure to ask what is acceptable to the Earthwatch scientist.
Fellows or scholarship recipients are sometimes required to
submit a written report reflecting what they have learned on a
project, sometimes as a step toward developing a curriculum.
Earthwatch scientists have the right but not the obligation to
review and edit materials involving information gathered on
one of their expeditions.
DISCRIMINATION
This document contains important information concerning
Earthwatch Institute policies and participant rights and
responsibilities for inclusion in an Earthwatch expedition.
Please read this document thoroughly and sign the Liability
Release section of your Earthwatch Participation Form to
indicate that you understand and accept the risks inherent to
your expedition and the policies, rights, and responsibilities
enumerated in this document. You will not be permitted to
participate in an expedition until Earthwatch has received
the signed release form.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
It is permissible to share photos, videos, and stories of your
expedition with family, friends, local media, and in a public
forum. Sharing your new perspectives and experiences is
welcomed and encouraged.
However, please recognize that all information, data, and images
shared or gathered in the course of your expedition’s field work
become the intellectual property of the Earthwatch scientist.
Co-opting or plagiarism of data, images, or information gathered
during an expedition for use in a scientific thesis, master’s, or
PhD work, or for profit or for the academic or business use of a
third party without the permission of the Earthwatch scientist is
strictly prohibited. Please be aware that data gathered during the
interviewing of local people become the intellectual property of
the Earthwatch scientist. Earthwatch scientists have the right
to place additional restrictions on your ability to share data or
certain research-related images.
24
Earthwatch does not discriminate on the basis of race,
religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation,
or any other reason prohibited by applicable law and respects
participants’ right to privacy. However, you must be aware that
local laws in countries in which Earthwatch operates may not
be antidiscriminatory and that the possibility exists that local
residents may not have an awareness of preferred practice
regarding discrimination.
Discrimination on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, national
origin, gender, or sexual orientation will not be tolerated on
Earthwatch teams. Disruptive behavior or verbal, physical, or
any other type of abuse or harassment will also not be tolerated.
Violation of Earthwatch’s nondiscrimination policy is grounds
for expulsion from the program without a refund.
INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
Earthwatch scientists, their staff, their colleagues, and their
associates are prohibited from becoming romantically involved
with participants during the entire duration of the period that the
team is in the field. Romantic relationships that may otherwise
seem permissible may eventually create an unpleasant or
unproductive work environment and are therefore prohibited
for the duration of an Earthwatch project.
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
Please recognize that the relationship that exists between
Earthwatch scientists and staff and participants is analogous
to the student-teacher relationship. Therefore, please be
aware of the following policies.
Sexual harassment of participants by the Earthwatch scientist
or Earthwatch staff is prohibited. Likewise, sexual harassment
of other participants, Earthwatch field staff, or local people
by participants is also prohibited.
Sexual harassment infringes on an individual’s right to an
environment free from unsolicited and unwelcome sexual
overtones of conduct either verbal or physical. Sexual
harassment does not mean occasional compliments of
a socially acceptable nature.
Sexual harassment refers to conduct which is offensive,
which harms morale, or which interferes with the effectiveness
of Earthwatch expedition teams; such conduct is prohibited.
Lewd or vulgar remarks, suggestive comments, displaying
derogatory posters, cartoons, or drawings, pressure for dates
or sexual favors, and unacceptable physical contact or exposure
are examples of what can constitute harassment. No one should
be touched in areas that would be covered by a bathing suit. It
is important to realize that what may not be offensive to you
may be offensive to participants, the local population, or
Earthwatch field staff.
Any individual who feels subjected to sexual harassment or
has any knowledge of such behavior should report it at once to the
Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch
staff member. The Earthwatch scientist or Field Team Leader
will notify Earthwatch when an accusation of sexual harassment
or abuse is made or when such conduct is witnessed.
All reports of sexual harassment will be handled with discretion
and will be promptly and thoroughly investigated. Any participant
who is found to have engaged in conduct constituting sexual
harassment will be removed from the expedition at his or her
own expense. If a minor is involved in allegations of sexual
harassment, his or her parents or guardians will be contacted.
DRUGS
Laws on drug use in most countries are severe and may impose
lengthy prison terms or the death penalty. The manufacture,
possession, use, purchase, or sale of illegal drugs or other
illegal substances while on an Earthwatch expedition is strictly
prohibited. Prescription drugs may only be purchased and used
by the individual indicated on the prescription in keeping with
their intended use guidelines.
ALCOHOL
Local statutes, customs, practices, ordinances, and regulations
with regard to the use, possession, sale, or purchase of alcohol
are applicable to all participants and project staff on Earthwatch
expeditions. Participants and project staff on Earthwatch
expeditions must comply with the law of the country in which a
project is located regarding the minimum age required to consume
alcohol. In addition, restriction on the use, possession, sale, or
purchase of alcohol may be set by the Earthwatch scientist. Any
restrictions on the consumption of alcohol should be clearly
outlined by the project staff in the on-site briefing to participants
at the start of the project and in the expedition briefing.
25
Consumption or possession of alcohol or smoking is not permitted
on any Earthwatch Teen Team, regardless of local law.
Earthwatch staff and the Earthwatch scientist have the discretion
to remove individuals from the project who consume alcohol in a
time and manner that endanger the safety and/or productivity of
the expedition.
developed teams specifically for 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds
(“Teen Teams”) as well as teams specifically for families (“Family
Teams”) with children as young as 10 years. These teams focus
on the same research activities and have the same expectations
as our regular teams, but with more facilitation and support.
Exceptions for some projects may be made at the discretion
of Earthwatch and the Earthwatch scientist. Due to a more
in-depth screening process for certain programs that select
candidates based on school year rather than age, there may be
18-year-olds fielding on the same team as 15-, 16- and 17-yearolds. Please be aware that some Earthwatch projects do not
allow participation by minors in any circumstance.
MINORS
PARTICIPANTS AND DRIVING
Earthwatch considers participants less than eighteen (18) years
of age to be minors. Minors are not permitted to participate
on any of Earthwatch’s standard teams unless accompanied
by a parent or legal guardian, in which case the minimum age
is fifteen (15). Guardians accompanying minors on standard
teams must be 21 years of age or over. Minors on standard
teams do not receive additional guidance or supervision from
Earthwatch beyond what is offered to the adult participants.
The total number of minors on standard teams may be limited
on a project by project basis; this will be noted in the expedition
briefing. A maximum of two minors may accompany each parent
or guardian on a standard or Family Team. Earthwatch has
Participants are not allowed to drive project vehicles
(including motorcycles or all terrain vehicles) or aircraft
during an expedition. In select circumstances, participants may
be able to drive boats under the direct supervision by project
staff. These circumstances are predetermined by project staff
in collaboration with Earthwatch. Participants must respect
the restrictions for boat driving in place for each project.
Excessive consumption of alcohol by staff or participants is
not acceptable on any Earthwatch project. Intoxication can
jeopardize personal safety, in addition to the safety of the team.
It can also cause delay and hinder response in the event of
a crisis or emergency situation.
26
If a project environment is such that participants can drive
their own vehicles to the rendezvous, those who have driven
themselves to the project may not drive their own vehicles to,
from, or for project activities, including the transport of project
equipment after arriving at the site.
Participants who have driven themselves to the project may
choose to utilize their own vehicles during recreational time,
but project staff will brief them on any driving restrictions. All
driving during recreational time is done at your own risk.
Please be advised that the only exception to the above driving
restrictions is emergency situations.
Riding in other participants’ vehicles is not covered under the
participants’ insurance policy for the expedition. Riding in
another participant’s vehicle is done at a participant’s own risk.
IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY
In the event of emergencies, judgments must be made by
Earthwatch field staff and participants. While Earthwatch makes
an effort to ensure that qualified people make the most informed
decisions possible, occasionally first aid may be administered
and other immediate steps taken by expedition participants who
are not licensed medical providers.
Each Earthwatch expedition has safety protocols and
emergency procedures in place. Earthwatch encourages team
members (the field staff and participants) to exercise their best
judgment with regard to their own safety and the safety of other
team members. Other participants may perform “Good
Samaritan” actions, or actions taken to assist fellow participants
during emergency situations in the field. However, Earthwatch
does not encourage or expect you to jeopardize your own safety
or that of others in attempting to rescue or assist your fellow
team members.
RIGHT OF REFUSAL
Earthwatch reserves the right to refuse an applicant’s
participation in an Earthwatch project at any time and to
terminate any work being done by a participant and require the
participant to vacate the project site if the Earthwatch scientist,
Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff member in his
or her absolute discretion considers it appropriate. In this
event, the participant (and his or her parents or guardians,
if appropriate) will be responsible for arranging and paying
for any accommodation, travel, or other arrangements which
may be necessary following the termination of a participant’s
involvement in a project, for whatever reason, and will not be
eligible for a refund.
Earthwatch may not refuse an applicant’s participation in a
project for discriminatory reasons (race, religion, ethnicity,
national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or any other reason
prohibited by applicable law). However, an application may be
denied in the interest of team compatibility or due to logistical
limitations. Earthwatch will make reasonable efforts to
accommodate participants with disabilities, and the organization
endeavors to find appropriate expeditions for those participants
who have physical limitations. Refusal of an applicant is an
unusual event and is generally done either because of an
applicant’s failure to meet the essential eligibility requirements
of a particular project or in the interest of team compatibility.
In the event that an applicant is refused participation for health
reasons, Earthwatch will refund in full any deposit or payment
made toward the expedition.
Earthwatch scientists have the right to refuse special requests,
such as visits by media (film, photography, or print), special
groups, or teams (students, donors, etc.), if they conflict with
Earthwatch scientist schedules, safety, research objectives,
or general performance of the team.
Any participant found in violation of any of the policies described
in this document (“Participant Rights and Responsibilities”) is
subject to removal from the team at his or her own expense.
By signing the Liability Release section of your Earthwatch
Participation Form, you are indicating that you have read
and understand the policies in this document. Removal of a
participant from a team is at the discretion of the Earthwatch
scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff. In
addition, Earthwatch will support the right of the Earthwatch
scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff to send
a participant away from a project once in the field should his
or her behavior compromise the safety, research objectives,
or general performance of the team, or if the participant has
violated a stated policy. In the event that a minor is dismissed
from a project, Earthwatch will contact the participant’s parents
or guardians prior to his or her dismissal. Should a participant
be removed from a team, he or she is responsible for any and all
costs associated with departure from the team and will receive
neither refund of the minimum contribution for the expedition
nor any expenses incurred by participation on the expedition.
(November 2012)
27
NOTES
28
29
COMMUNICATIONS
CONTACT INFORMATION
EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
There is mobile network coverage on Curieuse Island. The
project boat is also equipped with boat-to-shore communication,
and radios can be used on land if required.
EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR
EMERGENCY HOTLINE
Call Earthwatch’s 24-hour on-call duty officer in the U.S.:
PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
Personal communication with outsiders is not always possible
while participating in an expedition. Earthwatch encourages
volunteers to minimize outgoing calls and immerse themselves
in the experience; likewise, family and friends should restrict
calls to urgent messages only.
VOLUNTEER CONTACT INFO
ADDRESS: Mr. Denis Matatiken
Seychelles National Park Authority,
P.O. Box 1240,
Victoria, Mahé
PLEASE NOTE that post is unlikely to arrive in the time
participants are in the field. If anything is sent, it should be
clearly labeled for the recipient c/o Earthwatch Teams
PHONE: Project mobile phone: +248(529)492
Please note this is for emergency use only. If families
need to contact participants they should go through
Earthwatch on the number above first. Participants will
be able to use personal mobile phones if they are connected
to a GSM roaming network.
+1 (978) 461-0081
+1 (800) 776-0188 (toll-free for calls placed from within the U.S.)
HEALIX INTERNATIONAL:
+44-20-3667-8991 (collect calls and reverse charges accepted)
U.S. TOLL FREE: +1-877-759 3917
U.K. FREE PHONE: 0-800-19-5180
EMAIL: earthwatch@healix.com
FOR VOLUNTEERS BOOKED THROUGH
THE EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA OFFICE:
EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE
+61-0-3-8508-5537
After business hours, leave a message with our live
answering service. State that you have an emergency
and give the name of your expedition, your name, the
location from which you are calling, and if possible, a
phone number where you can be reached. An Earthwatch
staff person will respond to your call within one hour.
EMAIL: Volunteers will likely be able to make use of Internet
cafés or hotel internet on Mahé before and after the expedition
only. There is no Internet communication available on Curieuse.
30
MESSAGE FROM
EARTHWATCH
DEAR EARTHWATCHER,
Thank you for joining this expedition! We greatly appreciate your decision to contribute to hands-on environmental
science and conservation.
As an Earthwatch volunteer, you have the opportunity to create positive change. And while you’re out in the field working
toward that change, we are committed to caring for your safety. Although risk is an inherent part of the environments
in which we work, we’ve been providing volunteer field experiences with careful risk management and diligent planning
for over 40 years. You’re in good hands.
We hope this expedition will inspire you to get more involved in conservation and sustainable development priorities—
not just out in the field, but also when you return home. We encourage you to share your experiences with others, and
to transfer your skills and enthusiasm to environmental conservation efforts in your workplace, community, and home.
If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, contact your Earthwatch office. Thank you for your support,
and enjoy your expedition!
Sincerely,
Larry Mason
President and CEO
Earthwatch U.S.
114 Western Ave.
Boston, MA 02134
United States
info@earthwatch.org
earthwatch.org
Phone: 1-978-461-0081
Toll-Free: 1-800-776-0188
Fax: 1-978-461-2332
Earthwatch Europe
Mayfield House
256 Banbury Rd.
Oxford, OX2 7DE
United Kingdom
Earthwatch Australia
126 Bank St.
South Melbourne,
VIC 3205
Australia
Earthwatch Japan
Food Science Bldg. 4F
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
info@earthwatch.org.uk
earthwatch.org
earth@earthwatch.org.au
earthwatch.org
info@earthwatch.jp
earthwatch.org
Phone: 44-0-1865-318-838
Fax: 44-0-1865-311-383
Phone: 61-0-3-9016-7590
Fax: 61-0-3-9686-3652
Phone: 81-0-3-6686-0300
Fax: 81-0-3-6686-0477

coral communities in the seychelles

Transcription

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