2012_Ilfov county, Romania_Waste Prevention Program in

Transcription

Transferability Study for the
implementation of the “Let’s
Do It with Ferda” Good
Practice in the Ilfov County
A Pre-waste INTERREG IVC Study (code 0694R2)
Ilfov County’s Cooperation Department
Author: P.F.A. ARDELEAN MOŢOC Flavius Mihai
8/28/2012
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Table of contents
Table of contents ............................................................................................................................ 1
Abbreviation list .............................................................................................................................. 2
Waste Prevention Policies at EU level ............................................................................................ 3
Waste prevention policies at national and regional level .............................................................. 6
National and regional waste management objectives and targets ............................................ 7
Regional waste management plans ............................................................................................ 9
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) ................................................................. 11
Presentation of the Ilfov county ................................................................................................... 13
The current situation ................................................................................................................ 13
Ilfov’s Waste Management System .......................................................................................... 14
Figure 1.1: Map of the Ilfov county .............................................................................................. 16
The Pre-waste Project (Code 0694R2) .......................................................................................... 17
The "Let's Do It with Ferda" Good Practice .................................................................................. 21
Presentation of the school cluster ............................................................................................ 21
The "Let's Do It with Ferda" Action........................................................................................... 22
Ilfov county’s potential for transferring the good practice .......................................................... 27
The geographical location of the Ilfov county .......................................................................... 27
The region’s sustainable development ..................................................................................... 27
Target groups ............................................................................................................................ 28
Indicators used for assessing the impact of waste prevention actions........................................ 46
Proposed indicators for the assessment of the pilot action’s impact .......................................... 53
Recommendations for the adaptation of the good practice ........................................................ 56
Proposal for the creation of a new mascot .............................................................................. 56
Proposal for the adaptation of the teaching materials ............................................................ 58
Proposals for adapting the way in which the information is presented in schools ................. 83
Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 84
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Abbreviation list
CF
= Cohesion Fund
EIC
= Environment Investments Center
ELV
= End-of-Life Vehicle
ERDF
= European Regional Development Fund
ESF
= European Social Fund
EWWR
= European Week for Waste Reduction
NAPCC
= National Action Plan for Climate Change
NDP
= National Development Plan
NEAP
= National Environmental Action Plan
NWMP
= National Waste Management Plan
NWMS
= National Waste Management Strategy
RWMP
= Regional Waste Management Plan
SOP Environment
= Sectorial Operational Program for the Environment
SPCII
= Ilfov County’s Cooperation Department
WEEE
= Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
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Waste Prevention Policies at EU level
The environment field is one of the most important sectors in a society, which aims to promote
sustainable development and to protect the environment for both present and future
generations. The acquis communitaire regarding the environment includes over 200 legal
documents that regulate this field. Compliance, enforcement and implementation of the acquis
require a strong and effective administrative apparatus which should be developed at national,
regional and local level.
Waste generation has been identified as a major environmental pressure, which results from
daily human activities. All human activities produce waste under the form of obsolete products,
which generate the consumption of energy and natural resources. However, the end of a
product’s life cycle means that it has lost its value in its current form, but the natural resources,
energy and effort of its production are still present.
Waste management policy can be defined as a coherent ensemble of measures aimed at
effectively reducing the impact that waste has on the environment and on the quality of life,
and minimizing the costs induced by them.
At EU level, the traditional approach to waste management activities has been replaced
gradually and effectively with its integrated approach. Integrated waste management principles
have been the source of the Waste Framework Directive.

The Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC);
The 2008/98/EC DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL, from
November 19, 2008, regarding waste and repealing certain Directives, was adopted by Romania
through Law no. 211/15.11.2011, which was published in the Official Journal on November 25,
2011, and includes a number of key objectives that relate to environmental protection and
human health based on the essential principles of prevention, producer responsibility,
proximity, self-sufficiency and the "polluter pays" , and also on the five-levels-waste
management hierarchy (prevention, preparation for reuse, recycling, other recovery operations
(e.g. energy), and disposal (including storage).
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In accordance with Article 17, Chapter 10 of this law, manufacturers of waste
and local authorities have the duty to achieve, by 2020, a level of preparation for the reuse and
recycling of at least 50% of the total quantity of waste such as paper, metal, plastic and glass
included in household waste and, where appropriate, from other sources, to the extent that
these waste streams are similar to the waste produced by households.
The Directive encourages waste prevention and the minimization of the negative effects
generated by waste by promoting and using clean technologies and effective treatment and
storage techniques. It also focuses on the recovery of waste as a source of energy and prohibits
unauthorized waste storage.
The goal of the European environmental policy is to respect the principles of sustainable
development through environmental protection, including sectorial policies.
The EU policy on waste management requires the observation of three principles:
 Waste prevention - disposing of waste at its source and breaking the link between waste
generation and increased production. This is one of the key aspects of the waste
management strategy, occupying the first place in the hierarchy of waste management.
It involves reducing the amount of waste generated, and reducing their hazardous
contents to simplify the process of disposal. Waste prevention is closely related to
production methods and changing consumer behavior regarding green products and
reducing packaging.
 Encouraging recycling and reuse - especially for special waste streams. The waste
streams that require special attention are: packaging waste, vehicles that are no longer
used (ELV), batteries and accumulators, waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE), and biodegradable municipal waste.
 Improving final disposal solutions – and using final waste storage only as a last resort.
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PREVENTION
REUSE
PREPARATION FOR
REUSE
Non-waste
RECYCLING
OTHER
RECOVERY
OPERATIONS
FINAL
DISPOSAL
Lack of sustainable solutions
Waste flows
Fig 1.1: The Waste Management Hierarchy
Sustainable
solutions
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Waste prevention policies at national and regional level
Waste prevention is provided in the national waste legislation, where they mention that the
authorities have the obligation to adopt waste prevention programs by the December 12, 2013
(Law no. 221/2011 regarding Waste, art. 42).
In Romania, waste management planning at national, regional and local levels is done through
waste management plans. The National Waste Management Strategy and Plan deal with the
management of all types of waste, while regional plans and county waste management plans
deal only with municipal waste and specific waste streams (WEEE construction and demolition
waste, sludge results from municipal wastewater and ELV).
In preparing the planning documents on waste management and in setting the goals and
targets, the waste objectives and targets laid by other environmental planning documents (e.g.
NDP, NEAP , NAPCC and so on) were taken into account.
The sustainability objective in waste management is mainly to use the waste prevention at
source, followed by reuse of goods, raw materials and energy recovery and finally to deposit
the remaining waste in landfills. By implementing such a strategy, the amount of landfilled
waste will be significantly reduced and with it, the costs of this operation.
Waste prevention policy should include all stakeholders starting from the product
manufacturer who generated the waste and ending with the population and local and central
public authorities. The success of such a policy is based on the coordinated actions of all the
stakeholders.
Within the waste prevention policy the following activities should be taken into consideration:
 Avoiding and eliminating hazardous components, not purchasing goods that are not
strictly necessary, purchasing services rather than goods, the use of recharge systems
and preventing junk mail.
 Reducing waste by purchasing goods that do not contain hazardous substances,
purchasing goods with less packaging which are more compact and durable.
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 Reusing certain products, donations to charity, domestic systems for
biodegradable waste composting, etc..
Waste prevention policy should include:
Practical tools for changing the public’s attitude towards waste prevention:
 Providing information and raising public awareness in relation to the purchase of
durable goods (products made out of reused materials, re-usable products that can be
repaired, improved organic products, products that require less packaging, etc.).
 Discouraging the single use of reusable products;
 Replacing products with services (where possible);
 Introducing waste prevention measures at public authority level and in the educational
system.
Strategic measures:
 Increasing the accountability of producers;
 Increasing consumer responsibility;
 Creating strong links between local authorities, manufacturers, retailers and consumers
in order to create and implement waste prevention measures;
 Experience exchanges with other EU countries.
National and regional waste management objectives and targets
The National Waste Management Strategy and Plan constitute the basic instruments that
ensure the implementation of the EU waste management policy in Romania.
At national level, the first National Waste Management Strategy was developed in 2002 by the
Ministry of Environment and Water Management – through the Directorate for the
Management of Waste and Chemicals.
Subsequently, the first county waste management plans were developed based on the plans
that had been drawn up by the local councils and by economic operators.
The National Waste Management Plan – a phase plan - was developed based on the existing
county plans, and was approved by GD no. 123/30.01.2003.
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Subsequently, the plan and the strategy were reviewed in a twinning project
between Romania and Germany and were approved by GD no. 1470/09.09.2004. Subsequently,
GD. 1470/2004 was amended by GD no. 358/2007, changing the form of reduced minimum
capacity incineration of hazardous waste from 10,000 tons / year to 3,500 tons / year.
In 2008, the authorities began the process of reviewing these documents, which are currently in
the environmental assessment stage.
The National Waste Management Plan and Strategy cover all the types of waste (municipal and
production) and establish four groups of objectives:

overall strategic objectives for waste management;

strategic objectives for specific waste streams (agricultural waste, waste from the
production of heat and electricity, incineration and co-incineration, construction and
demolition waste, waste from treatment plants, biodegradable waste; packaging waste, used
tires; end of life vehicles (ELV), waste electrical and electronic equipment (DEEE));

overall strategic objectives for the management of hazardous waste;

strategic objectives for specific hazardous waste streams.
With regard to municipal waste management, the general strategic objectives for waste
management are applied, in addition to the specific objectives for biodegradable waste and
packaging waste. These objectives are:
 The harmonization of national legislation and policy on waste management with the EU
legislation and policies and with the provisions of international agreements and conventions in
which Romania is a party;
 The integration of waste management issues into sectorial and company policies;
 Increasing the efficiency of the enforcement of the legislation regarding waste
management;
 The adaptation and development of the institutional and organizational framework in
order to meet national requirements and be compatible with European structures;
 To ensure the availability of human resources (number and training);
 Creating and using economic and financial systems and mechanisms for waste management in
compliance with the general principles, especially the “polluter pays” principle;
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 Promoting a system for informing, awareness raising and motivating all the
parties involved;
 Obtaining complete and accurate data and information to meet reporting requirements at
national and European level;
 Maximizing waste prevention;
 Exploiting all technical and economic possibilities in the field of waste recovery;
 Developing activities in the field of material and energy recovery;
 Providing waste collection and transport services to a larger number of waste generators;
 Providing the best options for waste collection and transport, in order to ensure a more efficient
use;
 Promote waste treatment to ensure environmentally sound management;
 Disposal of waste in accordance with the requirements from the legislation on waste
management in order to protect human health and the environment;
 Encourage and support Romanian research activities regarding integrated waste management;
 Reduce the amount of biodegradable waste by recycling and processing (minimizing organic
matter in order to reduce pollutants emitted by leachate and landfill gas);
 Increase the reuse and recyclability of packaging;
 Optimizing the amount of packaging used for products (through redesign);
 Reducing the amount of packaging waste through recovery;
 Increasing the quantities of packaging waste collected and the efficiency of their
separate collection;
 Create and optimize material recovery schemes;
 Create and optimize energy recovery schemes for packaging waste ("inappropriate" for material
recovery).
Each objective has subsidiary objectives, targets and deadlines.
Regional waste management plans
The Regional Waste Management Plans developed in 2006 and approved by the Order of the
Ministry of Environment and Water and the Minister of European Integration no.
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1364/14.12.2006 respectively 1499/21.12.2006 for the approval of regional
waste management plans, also provide targets for municipal waste management and specific
flows for the 2007-2013 period. Each objective has subsidiary objectives, targets and deadlines
that have to be met.
The Sectorial Operational Program for the Environment (SOP ENV) continues the infrastructure
development programs initiated through the pre-accession assistance (PHARE and ISPA) and
covers the 2007-2013 period.
The overall objective of SOP ENV is to "protect and improve the environment and quality of life
in Romania, focusing in particular on observing the environmental acquis".
A specific goal is the "development of sustainable waste management systems by improving
waste management and reducing the number of historically contaminated sites" in at least 30
counties by 2015.
In order to achieve the specific objectives, 6 priority axes were identified, namely:
 Priority Axis 1 - Extension and modernization of water and wastewater systems;
 Priority Axis 2 - Development of integrated waste management and rehabilitation of
historically contaminated sites;
 Priority Axis 3 - Reducing pollution and climate change efects by restructuring and
renovating urban heating systems in order to reach the energy efficiency targets in the localities
most affected by pollution;
 Priority Axis 4 - Implementation of adequate management systems for nature
protection;
 Priority Axis 5 - Implementation of adequate infrastructure for natural risk prevention in
the most vulnerable areas;
 Priority Axis 6 - Technical Assistance.
The objectives for the Priority Axis 2 are:
 increasing the population coverage for the people who benefit from municipal waste
collection and from appropriate management services at acceptable rates;
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 reducing the amount of waste that is deposited in landfills;
 increasing the amount of waste that is recycled and recovered;
 setting up effective waste management structures;
 reducing the number of historically contaminated sites.
The objectives set for Priority Axis 1 - Extension and modernization of water and wastewater
systems include the one related to improving the management of sludge from wastewater
treatment plants.
Thus, it is expected that by 2015 the number of localities that will benefit from drinking water
systems will increase from 60 (in 2006) to 300 and that the number of treatment plants to be
developed / rehabilitated will increase from 30 (in 2006) to 200. It is expected that in 2015, 60%
of the population will have access to wastewater treatment services.
The differences that appear between some targets set out in the national planning document
and those in the RWMP were generated by:

The current National Waste Management Plan was developed (in 2004) before signing the
Accession Treaty (2005);

Romania's accession to the European Union has led to changes in the waste management
legislation (the modification of some of the existing normative acts and the emergence of new
legislation) so that it would meet the obligations of the Accession Protocol;

There is a new legislation regarding waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).
The priority objectives which are found in all these normative acts are:

the prevention or reduction of waste production and of the degree of their danger;

the reuse and recovery of waste through recycling, recovery or any other process in order to
obtain secondary raw materials, or the use of waste as an energy source.
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
At the EU level, Directive 2002/96/EC establishes the management for DEEE.
The main objectives of this Directive are:
● prevention of DEEEs and the reuse, recycling and other forms of benefiting from these
types of waste in order to diminish their quantities;
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● improving the environmental performance of all operators involved in the
life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment (manufacturers, retailers and consumers) and
especially the operators directly involved in the treatment of WEEE;
The main requirements of the Directive are:
● creating systems that will allow end-holders and distributors to deliver, without charge or
for a fee, WEEEs to collection points;
According to the WEEE Directive, among other obligations, manufacturers must:

provide consumers with information about the requirement to not dispose of WEEE as
unsorted municipal waste and to perform their separate collection and about the
collection systems and their role in the WEEE management;

establish a free of charge retrieval system for WEEE from consumers;

finance the collection of WEEEs from collection points including their treatment,
recovery and disposal;
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Presentation of the Ilfov county
Ilfov County is located in Region 8 Bucharest - Ilfov, situated in the southern part of Romania,
the geographical center of the county being at 44 ° 24'49'' N and 26 ° 05'48'' E longitude. The
county is located at 60 km north of the Danube, 100 km south of the eastern Carpathians and
250 km west of the Black Sea, surrounding the Municipality of Bucharest. The territory has a
height between + 49 m + 119 m from the Black Sea level. The area was covered in the past by a
very famous forest called Vlasiei, which became a plain that is now crossed by the Ialomita
Arges, Sabar and Dâmboviţa rivers.
The county has an area of 158 328 ha (i.e. 1583 km2, representing 5.7% of the country’s
surface).
The current situation
The Ilfov county is situated in the South-Eastern part of the country comprising, like a ring
around Bucharest, and is neighbored by the following counties: the Prahova county in the
North, Ialomiţa and Calaraşi counties in the East, Giurgiu county in the South and by the
Dâmboviţa county in the West.
lfov county’s headquarters are located in Bucharest. In all the older administrative forms,
Bucharest was considered to be located in the central part of Ilfov county, being incorporated
in its territory. During the last major administrative and territorial modification that took place
on February 17, 1968, the city was declared a municipality and became an independent unit
with the rank of county, existing outside the limits of Ilfov.
From an administrative point of view, the Ilfov county is structured, according to the
information offered by the Ilfov County’s Department from the National Institute of Statistics,
in:

8 cities - Bragadiru, Buftea Chitila, Măgurele, Otopeni, Panteleimon, Popeşti Leordeni,
Voluntari; out of these 8 cities, 1 (one) – Buftea - is older, the rest are new and
developing.
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
32 communes – 1st December, Afumaţi, Baloteşti, Berceni, Brănesti,
Cernica, Chiajna Ciolpani, Ciorogârla, Clinceni, Copăceni, Corbeanca, Cornetu, DăraştiIlfov, Dascălu, Dobroieşti, Domneşti, Dragomireşti-Vale, Găneasa, Glina, Grădiştea,
Gruiu, Jilava, Moara Vlasiei, Mogoşoaia, Nuci, Periş, Petrăchioaia, Snagov, Stefăneştii de
Jos, Tunari, Vidra.
Ilfov’s Waste Management System
The current waste management system in the Ilfov County, like in most Romanian counties, is
an integrated system that meets the legislative requirements and aims to achieve the
objectives and targets set by the waste management plans.
The main objectives in the field of waste management for the Ilfov county are the following:
 Collection of household waste from the entire population of the county;
 Implementation of separate collection of recyclable waste in urban and in rural areas;
 Creating a larger degree of recovery of municipal waste and ensuring that the
performance targets for packaging waste are met;
 Reduce the amount of biodegradable waste from landfills by composting and through
other methods of treatment in order to achieve the legislative targets;
 Proper management of specific waste streams (hazardous municipal waste, bulky
waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment, sludge from urban wastewater treatment
plants);
 Collection and recovery of the useful potential from construction and demolition
waste;
Although the separate collection of waste is a legislative requirement, in the Ilfov county the
separate collection of recyclable waste is not yet implemented. There are several exceptions:
Otopeni, Buftea, Bragadiru, Pantelimon, Chitila, Măgurele, Snagov, Dragomireşti Vale,
Mogoşoaia, Ciorogârla, Corbeanca, Jilava, Afumaţi where waste collection operators have
implemented the separate collection of plastic, paper and glass waste.
Waste collection in the Ilfov county is done by 10 waste collection operators, and in 6 cities the
services are supplied by the municipalities.
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In the Ilfov county there are currently four waste sorting stations (3 of them
belonging to the Mogoşoaia, Vidra and Copăceni municipalities, while the fourth one belongs to
a private operator (ROSAL) located in the city Pantelimon), but there is no biodegradable waste
treatment facility. Also, there is currently no operating transfer station.
In the Ilfov county, waste is stored in 3 landfills: Vidra-ECO SUD, Glina-ECOREC and Chiajna Rudeni-IRIDEX. The three landfills receive household waste collected in Bucharest in accordance
with the commercial contracts signed between the waste collection operators who collect or
transport waste and the landfill operator. Irregular deposits had been closed and rehabilitated
by July 16, 2009.
At the present moment, there are 3 waste management projects that are underway in the
county (projects financed by PHARE ESC 2004, 2005). The beneficiaries of these projects are the
Mogoşoaia, Copăceni and Vidra communes.
Illfov county is bordered by five other counties - the Prahova (N), Dâmboviţa (V), Giurgiu (SV)
and Ialomiţa and Calaraşi (E) counties. The major rivers are Dâmboviţa and Colentina (which
supply water to the city Buftea) and the major lakes are Cernica, Snagov and Căldăruşani in the
northern part of the county. The county is crossed by the Ialomiţa river and its tributary river Gruiu.
On July 1, 2008 the Ilfov county had a population of 304,045 inhabitants, out of which 175,198
people lived in rural areas and 128,847 people in urban areas.
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Figure 1.1: Map of the Ilfov county
Waste collection in Ilfov is done as follows:
- based on a service contract between the private operator and the town hall;
- based on a local council decision that awards waste management to a specific administrative
structure (department, compartment, etc.) of the municipality.
Until the present moment, no prevention actions have taken place in the Ilfov county.
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The Pre-waste Project (Code 0694R2)
The Pre-waste1 project has been launched in the beginning of 2010 and will last 3 years, with a
total budget of EUR 1.866.230, with the support of the INTERREG IV C programme of the
European Commission.
Hence, the Pre-waste project has developed a consistent and comprehensive approach to help
local and regional authorities to prevent waste generation.
In particular, Pre-waste has delivered:

guidelines for planning, implementing and monitoring regional waste prevention
policies;

20 best examples of waste prevention actions implemented in the European Union by
local or regional authorities, along with other good practices;

a web tool allowing the assessment of waste prevention actions’ efficiency and
monitoring.
Pre-waste’s objectives include the definition of a common methodology for efficient regional
waste prevention policies, the exchange of good practices, the assessment of waste prevention
actions efficiency and monitoring.
Good Practices
All Pre-waste partners are engaged in the selection of waste prevention good practices and in
the identification of a shared methodology that enables regional or local authorities to employ
an effective waste prevention policy in terms of planning and implementation. The partners
identified some 100 cases and selected fifty good practices, on which they gathered more
information. Out of these good practices, twenty have been picked as the best waste
prevention initiatives.
In order to assess the transferability of one or more good practices in its own territory, each
partner carried out a feasibility study. Besides, common indicators and a web tool aimed at
assessing the effectiveness of waste prevention actions and politics have been defined.
1
According to www.pre-waste.eu.
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All in all, the gathered good practices in waste prevention had to be diverse,
taking into account parameters such as: diversity in the actions and actors involved, diversity in
waste fraction, diversity in the scale of the actions, diversity in the territories characteristics
(size, density, types of housing), but also anteriority and sufficient hindsight (assessment of the
results available), sufficiency of data and monitoring, etc. Regarding composting, it was agreed
that home and neighborhood composting initiatives fall within the scope of this project, as the
compostable material is not collected by the municipality.
The good practices should enable regional/local authorities to implement an effective waste
prevention policy in terms of planning and implementation, while a variety of actors – public or
private – may be involved in the initiation and/or implementation of the good practices. Even
good practices initiated and implemented by NGOs and citizens could have been included if
they were transferrable and could have been integrated into waste prevention policies by
public entities elsewhere.
Waste prevention monitoring
Independently of the good practices identification process, Pre-waste partners also carried out
waste prevention monitoring actions. The final goal was to set up a shared web tool and a
common methodology that would enable local authorities to assess the impact of their waste
prevention policies thanks to a set of indicators.
Waste prevention observation consists of setting up indicators in order to monitor the
resources allocated to the action or policy, the results of this action or policy, and to assess its
efficiency regarding sustainable development.
In practical terms, observation consists of setting up indicators using available data and
monitoring them. An indicator is an instrument used to monitor the state or the evolution of a
system in order to understand it. They are set up for a certain goal and are addressed to a
specific audience; this is important, since one given indicator cannot give the “complete
picture” on the element it is monitoring: it only shows a partial and often subjective view of it.
Setting up indicators for a given subject or on a given system consists in a synthesis between
the goals of the observation and the data available on that subject.
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At the same time, partners have worked on developing guidelines for planning,
implementing and monitoring regional waste prevention policies.
The Pre-waste project has been divided in two halves, with the following task calendar:
First half of the project:

Mapping: each partner gathered information on waste prevention policies (minifactsheets) in its territory, in other territories in its country and/or in other countries (to
cover EU27).

Identification of 50 good practices from this mapping and completing more detailed
factsheets on each good practice. These focused on strengths and weaknesses, as well as
local characteristics and specificities.

Events: Besides the regular expert group meetings, information on the 50 good
practices was presented and exchanged at an EU conference in Brussels and during the Joint
Interregional Training Session in Bucharest.
The second half of the project, based on the 50 good practices:

Feasibility study: Among the 50 good practices, each partner identified one or several
practices it wished to implement in its territory and carried out a feasibility study.

The array of indicators developed in was tested and used to identify 20 best practices.

Key parameters for effective transfer from one territory to another were analyzed.

Finally a shared methodology was published and disseminated at a closing conference
in Brussels.
The result
As a final result, public entities, directly or indirectly involved in the project, had a deeper
knowledge about good practices initiatives/policies experimented in Europe, and competence
on the evaluation of waste prevention policies effectiveness, as to influence the design of local
strategies for waste prevention.
To support this, two joint interregional training sessions had been foreseen. The organization of
a European workshop on 28 March 2011 and of 9 national events, plus the use of ACR+’
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network as well as the partners’ networks, ensured that Pre-waste results were
spread throughout European targeted audience.
The expected outputs of the project were the following:

a common methodology for developing efficient regional waste prevention policies, in
terms of planning, implementation and monitoring,

20 best examples of waste prevention actions implemented in the European Union by
local or regional authorities,

a web tool allowing the assessment of waste prevention actions’ efficiency and
monitoring.
21
The "Let's Do It with Ferda" Good Practice
Presentation of the school cluster
In the Pre-waste project, the good practices identified by the partners in the first phase were
divided into groups, called clusters, according to target groups.
The school cluster refers to waste prevention programs taking place in schools. It consists of
two main components: waste prevention programs that took place in schools in Belgium since
1999, and a prevention program called "Let's Do It with Ferda", which has been conducted in
Estonian schools since 2010. A number of similarities and differences have been identified,
covering aspects such as context, implementation strategy, resource requirements and the
indicators used to assess the action’s impact.
While the educational programs for schools in Brussels focused on training students in primary
and secondary schools on ways to reduce paper consumption, thus avoiding the generation of
paper waste, the Let's Do It with Ferda program targeted children aged 5 to 15 years, with the
aim to educate them on the prevention of all forms of waste generation.
The procedure to implement educational activities was different for the two projects. In the
educational programs in Brussels subcontractors were hired to provide educational material to
help schools organize various types of projects related to the educational program. On the
other hand, the courses within the "Let's Do It with Ferda" program were developed by an
expert from the Environmental Department and schools had the opportunity to book courses
held by a specialist for free. They used mascots, educational materials for teachers and
students, and in some regions signed partnerships with youth centers to organize competitions.
Regarding financial resources, the Belgian educational programs had direct costs consisting of
the staff cost, approximately 0.2 of a full-time salary and the cost of employing consultants,
1,500 EUR for a class project and 6,000 EUR for projects implemented in the school. In Estonia,
the program was funded in 2009 with 2,110 EURO by the Education Department of the
Environment Committee, and in 2010 it obtained a grant of 21,090 euros from the EIC
foundation.
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The two programs used different communication tools to inform the public
about the results. The Belgian programs used posters, brochures, interactive games, CDs, DVDs
and a whole section has been developed for schools on the environmental authority’s site in
Brussels. On the other hand, in the "Let's Do It with Ferda" program they used mainly press
releases in national and local newspapers, through which interested parties were directed to
the website Environmental Department’s website, where they posted detailed information
about the program.
Indicators used in both programs focused on the number of participants in the program. Thus,
in Brussels, approximately 650 primary and secondary schools (up to 54 schools per year) were
involved, totaling about 200,000 students throughout the implementation period. In Estonia,
the annual participation was of approximately 500 students.
Given the financial resources that the Cooperation Department has budgeted for the
implementation of a Pre-waste pilot action, the available communication tools, and taking into
account the considerations related to the number of students who could participate in the pilot
action, SPCII chose to transfer within its territory the Estonian GP (identified by the Pre-waste
Finnish partner) "Let's Do It with Ferda". This will be presented in the next section of the study.
The "Let's Do It with Ferda" Action
The "Let's Do It with Ferda" educational program has been implemented in Estonia since 2010,
as a pilot action which was then extended at national level. The information about this program
was provided by the Finnish Pre-waste partner– the Municipality of Tampere.
According to the available data, the "Let's Do It with Ferda" initiative focused on the prevention
of all types of waste, targeting an audience made up from pupils aged 5 to 15 years and their
teachers. The initial pilot action took place in the Pärnu Kuninga school and had a participation
of 50 students. In the next phase, the project was extended at national level - in 2010 it
recorded about 500 participants, which must be summed up with the 600 students who took
part in this initiative during the European Week for Waste Reduction (EWWR).
23
For a better understanding of how this good practice can be transferred and
adapted to the conditions of Ilfov County, the geographical and legal context in which it was
originally implemented must be
Figura 1.2: “Let’s Do It with Ferda” mascot – the ant Ferda
presented.
The Republic of Estonia is a state
in the Baltic Region of Northern
Europe. It is bordered to the
north by the Gulf of Finland, to
the west by the Baltic Sea, to the
south by Latvia, and to the east
by the Russian Federation. The
territory
of
Estonia
covers
45,227 km2.
Estonia’s legal framework in
waste management is targeted
following
the
sustainable
consumption.
principles
production
The
of
and
waste
hierarchy is the following: waste
generation should be prevented,
waste needs to be recovered as
Source:
http://boardgamegeek.com/boardgameversion/142757/first-edition-
2011
much as possible, including by
reusing and recycling. Estonia’s policy is to bring the smallest quantities of waste to landfills.
The first national waste prevention program will be adopted in 2013.
The Estonian government set up different programs to support waste prevention actions in the
production sector and in other sectors. Actions on raising awareness on waste reduction/
prevention are mainly set up at local level, by municipalities. Different foundations, and
companies, including waste sector enterprises, carry out environmental awareness actions.
24
The implementation strategy has as a main objective diffusing the new
educational program -"Let's do it with Ferda" for kids with ages between 5 and 15 years. The
program aims to raise awareness on waste reduction.
"Let's Do with Ferda" was a pilot action that took place within a broader educational program
related to environmental protection and it consisted of editing a book entitled "Ferda Reduces
Waste" for students and teachers, teaching 2-hour courses in schools and creating games in
order to educate children on how to prevent the generation of waste at home and in schools.
The educational course (which has a theoretical part and a practical one) has been set up by the
specialist from the Environmental Educational Board. All the Estonian schools and the
kindergartens can book the course and ask for a specialist contribution at the school (free of
charge).
The first edition (set up during the 2009 European Week for Waste Reduction), required 3
months of planning. Due to limited budget reasons, the mascot was created in 2010. No special
time schedule for implementing the program (courses) was planned. The program is available
all year by booking the appointment with the educational specialist.
The mascot used was the ant called Ferda, which is present on the leaflets children receive. The
original character - "Ferda Mravenec" was created by Ondrej Sekora, a Czech illustrator in 1935,
and children are very fond of it. The cover of a leaflet with Ferda, about selective waste
collection, is shown in Figure 1.2.
The types of resources involved were: financial resources, human resources and equipment.
The program was funded by the Estonian Ministry of Environment, but additional resources
were obtained from the Environment Investments Center Foundation - EIC. The main activities
of the EIC are to redirect funds from environmental exploitation to environmental projects,
implement environmental projects financed by the European Regional Development Fund
(ERDF), European Social Fund (ESF) and the Cohesion Fund (CF). Also, EIC borrows money to
finance environmental projects, and since 2010 the agency is implementing the Green
Investment Scheme by selling additional shares of CO2 and overseeing the investments.
25
The financial resources involved in the initial pilot action were 2110 euro,
obtained from the Education Department of the Environment Commission of Estonia, and were
used for the creation of 1,000 games and 1,000 "Ferda reduce waste" booklets. In 2010, 21,090
euros were obtained from EIC for the "Waste Reduction campaign for general education
schools", which were used for the printing of 3,000 games and brochures in Estonian, 2000
games and leaflets in Russian and for making mascots and puppets.
Regarding human resources, 15 experts from the Environmental Commission were involved, for
different regions of Estonia.
The equipment used consisted of the "Race to Reduce" game, brochures entitled "Ferda
reduces waste ", printed in Estonian and Russian, mascots and hand puppets.
The communication tools that were used by the Estonian authorities were limited to the
publication of information about the program on its website and the publication of press
releases through which people were encouraged to access the website for more information on
the "Let's Do It with Ferda" action.
Initially, the authorities didn’t make an allocation of resources over time, as the project was
developed for EWWR, at a time when the budget was very limited. In the first year, 2009, they
scheduled printing and distributing brochures and games in a limited number of regions in
Estonia, but still expected to include the program in the list of educational programs, which
meant that it would continue in the future.
The educational program for reducing the amount of waste that is generated has become very
popular in schools and kindergartens, which meant that organizers could obtain an external
sponsorship from EIC for the "Campaign for waste reduction for public schools" which was
derived from the Ferda project. This project provides educational visits to factories and
companies (e.g. textile factories), that use waste as resources or that made changes in their
production lines in order to minimize the amount of waste produced. Visits include
presentations about reducing the amount of generated waste, questionnaires, workshops
(transforming old clothes, painting old ceramic objects etc.). The gratuity of the program covers
both transport and the costs for the materials used during presentations and workshops. The
26
project was scheduled to begin in February 2011 with 3 * 35 students from each
of the 15 counties.
The assessment of the project’s results was based on indicators related to participation – the
target audience consisted of over 600 students who participated in the EWWR action. The total
annual participation was of about 500 students (excluding the participants in the EWWR). The
degree of participation is assessed by educational experts who hold the course, based on
appointments made during the year.
Quantities of avoided waste from this educational program were not estimated because the
impact of that this action has on waste is an indirect one. In the workshops, they found that
approximately 1-2 kg of waste are avoided after each course, by reusing T-shirts, glass, other
textiles, packaging and paper. The long-term indirect impact depends on how involved those
who participated in the project are, since further actions in schools or organizing workshops in
kindergartens and schools are necessary.
One of the main results of the "Let's Do It with Ferda" project has been the increasing interest
among students with regard to environmental issues and their mitigation by avoiding waste. A
very important factor was the fact that teachers and students were open to the new concepts
that were presented during the program.
Currently, the "Let's Do It with Ferda" project takes place at national level without involving
municipalities, since they are encouraged to find partners and volunteers.
27
Ilfov county’s potential for transferring the good practice
Given the choice of the Cooperation Department to transfer the "Let's Do It with Ferda" good
practice in its county, it is necessary to analyze the potential for transferability posed by the
territory. The analysis will focus on three key aspects: location, future development and target
groups.
The geographical location of the Ilfov county
The location of the Ilfov county around Bucharest confers both advantages and disadvantages.
Due to its proximity to the capital, the number of residents in the Ilfov county increased, some
residents choosing to move from Bucharest to Ilfov and commute to jobs in the city. Although
this implies higher revenues for the local authorities, at the same time there is also an increase
in the amount of generated waste.
As it was mentioned in the presentation of the Ilfov county, on its territory there are three
landfills (Glina, Chiajna, Vidra), which store the waste collected from Ilfov and Bucharest. Thus,
a reduction in the amount of waste that is deposited in landfills would be beneficial for the
population, by reducing pollution, and for facilitating the sustainable development of the
region, since it is planned that in the future, Bucharest and the Ilfov county will form a
metropolitan area.
The region’s sustainable development
The sustainable development of the Bucharest-Ilfov region must be encouraged and stimulated,
as it is currently the largest industrial cluster in Romania. Thus, the region hosts all types of
industrial activities, ranging from trading activities, storage, distribution, municipal services, to
construction.
Currently, in the Ilfov county agriculture has a dominant presence in the economy (29.1% of
total employment in 2005), but there are also other sectors that are beginning to develop due
to its proximity to the capital. Bucharest’s economy is dominated by the service sector,
28
accounting for 79.3% of the employed population (in 2005), with 19.6% of the
population involved in the industry.
There is a high population growth and concentration of services and economic activity in the
region, which has turned it into one of the largest markets in Romania. These data, combined
with the development of the SME sector, which has represented a potential source of economic
growth, reveals the pressure put on public authorities for supplying public services.
For this reason, an increase in the cost of public services for individuals and businesses is
expected.
Thus, if we consider the issues mentioned above, it appears that a change in public attitudes
about waste is becoming increasingly necessary in the Ilfov county. By raising awareness of the
seriousness of environmental problems that may occur, and by presenting the material benefits
that can be obtained (e.g. cost reduction through reuse) this change in mentality could be
produced.
Target groups
According to the characteristics of the good practice, the target group consists of young people
aged 5 to 15 years.
To facilitate the development of teaching materials and in order to obtain their heterogeneity,
this study will focus on the age group corresponding to primary school education, respectively
7-11 years.
The potential for transferring the good practice in the Ilfov county is reflected by the data on
the number of children enrolled in primary schools in the territory, presented in Table 1.1.
In 2012, in the Ilfov county, the total number of children enrolled in primary schools was
14,496, a figure that is not expected to change dramatically for the 2012-2013 school year.
The lowest number of pupils was registered in the Petrăchioaia, Găneasa, Domneşti and
Ciolpani communes. Thus, in the Petrăchioaia commune, the Maineasca Preschool and I-IV
Grades Teaching Facility had 19 children, aged between 7 and 11 years, enrolled, while the Surlari
Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility and the Vânători Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching
Facility had 20 or 22 children enrolled in primary school. The situation is similar for the Găneasa
29
commune, where 21 children were enrolled in Moara Domnească Preschool and IIV Grades Teaching Facility. The Tegheş Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility had 20 students in
primary school, similar to the Ţigăneşti Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility from the
Ciolpani commune.
The largest number of students enrolled in primary school was recorded in the Voluntari
commune where 971 students attended primary school in the Voluntari School No 1 with I-VIII
grades. In Pantelimon, in the Pantelimon School No. 1 with I-VIII grades, the number of pupils
enrolled in primary school was of 820 children.
The situation regarding schools and communes is important in order to choose the schools that
should be included in the transfer of the educational program, also taking into account the
need to cover a large area of the territory, to ensure the dissemination of the concepts
presented in the project and increase its visibility .
30
Table 1.1: Pupils enrolled in primary school in Ilfov County
No. of
No.
LOCALITY
UNIT’S NAME
ADDRESS
1
BRAGADIRU
Bragadiru School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Sos. Alexandriei nr. 243
2
BRAGADIRU
Bragadiru no. 1 Kindergarten
Str. Grivitei nr. 41
3
BUFTEA
Buftea School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Aleea Scolii nr.1
4
BUFTEA
Buftea no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Scolii nr.1
5
BUFTEA
Buftea no. 3 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
Str. Independentei nr. 52
57
6
BUFTEA
Buftea no. 4 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
Str. Agricultori nr. 116
83
7
BUFTEA
Str. Agricultori nr. 108
8
BUFTEA
Buftea School no. 2 with I-VIII grades
Str. Stirbey Vodă nr.22
9
BUFTEA
Str. Barbu Stirbey nr.20
10
CHITILA
Chitila "Prof. Ion Vişoiu" School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Sos. Banatului nr. 75
369
11
CHITILA
Rudeni Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Panduri nr. 4
59
pupils
473
422
384
31
Chitila "Eleonora Iliescu" Preschool and I-IV Grades
12
CHITILA
13
CHITILA
14
MAGURELE
Magurele "Horia Hulubei" Highschool with I-XII Grades
15
MAGURELE
Virteju Teaching facility with I-IV grades
Str. Chirca nr. 2
29
16
MAGURELE
Dumitrana Teaching facility with I-IV grades
Str. Duzilor nr. 129
46
17
MAGURELE
Magurele no. 1 Kindergarten
Str. Fizicienilor nr. 28
18
MAGURELE
Preschool Educational Facility Măgurele
Str. Calugareni nr. 8
19
MAGURELE
Preschool Educational Facility Vîrteju
Str. Bucuresti nr. 2
20
MAGURELE
Preschool Educational FacilityDumitrana
Str. Duzilor nr. 129
21
OTOPENI
Otopeni "Ioan Petrus" Highschool with I-XII Grades
Str. 23 August nr. 4
22
OTOPENI
Otopeni no. 1 Kindergarten
Str. Argeş nr. 70
23
OTOPENI
Otopeni no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. 1 Mai nr. 16
24
OTOPENI
Otopeni no. 2 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. 23 August nr. 99
Teaching Facility
Chitila "Ion Olteanu" Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching
Facility
Str. Scolii nr. 36
124
Str. Ion Olteanu nr.2
118
Str. Fizicienilor nr.42 (Corp
A)
360
701
32
25
PANTELIMON
Pantelimon School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Str. Mioritei nr. 24 A
26
PANTELIMON
Pantelimon no. 1 Kindergarten
B-dul Biruintei nr. 36
Popesti Leordeni Highschool with I-XII Grades
Str. Leordeni nr. 52
264
Popesti Leordeni School no. 2 with I-VIII grades
Str. Scolii nr. 6
263
Popeşti Leordeni no. 2 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Scolii nr. 2
Popesti Leordeni School no. 3 with I-VIII grades
Str. Domnita Balasa nr. 13
Popeşti Leordeni no. 3 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. C-tin Vacarescu nr. 8
27
28
29
30
31
POPESTI
LEORDENI
POPESTI
LEORDENI
POPESTI
LEORDENI
POPESTI
LEORDENI
POPESTI
LEORDENI
820
99
32
VOLUNTARI
Voluntari School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Str. Anton Pann nr. 7
971
33
VOLUNTARI
Voluntari School no. 2 with I-VIII grades
B-dul Dunarii nr. 51
281
34
VOLUNTARI
Pipera School no. 3 with I-VIII grades
Str. Erou Serban Ion nr. 1
177
35
VOLUNTARI
Voluntari no. 1 Kindergarten
Str. Buzias nr . 5 - 7
36
VOLUNTARI
Voluntari no. 1 Kindergarten with Afterschool
B-dul Dunarii nr. 71
33
37
AFUMATI
Afumati School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Sos. Petrachioaia nr. 10
118
38
AFUMATI
Afumaţi no. 2 Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Scolii nr. 35
123
39
AFUMATI
Afumaţi no. 3 Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Sos. Fagului nr. 1
112
40
AFUMATI
Afumaţi no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
41
BALOTESTI
Balotesti School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
42
BALOTESTI
Săftica Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
43
BALOTESTI
Baloteşti Teaching facility with I-IV grades
Şos. Unirii nr. 224
44
BALOTESTI
Baloteşti no. 2 Preschool Educational Facility
45
BALOTESTI
Dumbrăveni Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Lahovari nr. 20
46
BERCENI
Berceni School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Str. 1 Mai
107
47
BERCENI
Berceni no.2 Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. 1 Mai
106
48
BRANESTI
Branesti “Traian Lalescu“ Highschool with I-XII Grades
Str. Slt. Petre Ionel nr. 2
112
49
BRANESTI
Branesti School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Str. Slt. Petre Ionel nr.147 A
241
Sos. Bucuresti - Urziceni nr.
123
Sos. Unirii nr. 6
Calea Bucureşti-Ploieşti nr.
72
118
29
141
34
50
BRANESTI
Islaz Teaching facility with I-IV grades
51
BRANESTI
52
BRANESTI
Islaz Preschool Educational Facility
Sat Islaz, str. 24 Ianuarie
53
BRANESTI
Pasărea Preschool Educational Facility
Sat Pasarea, str. N.Bălcescu
54
CERNICA
Cernica School no. 1 with I-VIII grades
Str. Traian nr. 19
55
CERNICA
Cernica Preschool Educational Facility
Cernica
56
CERNICA
Tânganu – Cernica no. 2 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Burebista nr. 35
57
CERNICA
Tanganu Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Burebista nr. 25
58
CERNICA
Bălăceanca – Cernica no. 3 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Gării nr. 5 - 7
59
CERNICA
Poşta Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Poştei
60
CERNICA
Bălăceanca Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Eroilor nr. 14
61
CERNICA
Căldăraru Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Bisericii nr. 18
62
CIOLPANI
Ciolpani no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Şcolii nr. 79
161
63
CIOLPANI
Ţigăneşti Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Tiganesti nr. 2
20
Branesti "Rita Gargarita" nr. 1 Kindergarten with
Afterschool
Sat Islaz, str. 24 Ianuarie
90
Str. Slt. Petre Ionel nr.147 A
229
222
131
35
64
CIOLPANI
Ciolpani Preschool Educational Facility
Str. M. Eminescu nr. 3
65
CIOLPANI
Piscu Preschool Educational Facility
66
CIOLPANI
Izvorani Preschool Educational Facility
Str. V. Bratianu nr. 10
67
CIOROGARLA
Ciorogarla no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Sos. Bucuresti nr. 110
68
CIOROGARLA
Ciorogarla no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Băii nr. 19
69
CIOROGARLA
70
CIOROGARLA
Dârvari Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Adunati nr. 71
71
ROŞU - CHIAJNA
Rosu – Chiajna " Doamna Chiajna" Teaching Facility
Str. 1 Decembrie 1918 nr. 90
145
72
CHIAJNA
Str.Păcii nr. 72
175
73
CLINCENI
Clinceni Sports Highschool with I-XII Grades
Str. Principala nr. 107
159
74
CLINCENI
Clinceni Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
75
CLINCENI
Olteni Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Ciorogarlei nr. 10
76
CLINCENI
Clinceni nr. 1 Preschool oEducational Facility
77
COPACENI
Copăceni no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Dârvari - Ciorogarla no. 2 Teaching facility with I-VIII
grades
Chiajna "Alexandru Odobescu" no. 1 School with I-VIII
grades
Str. Adunati nr. 31
Str. Monumentul Eroilor nr.
120
168
157
74
59
109
36
78
COPACENI
Copăceni no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
79
COPACENI
Copăceni no. 2 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Principala nr. 623 A
80
CORBEANCA
Tamaşi no. 2 School with I-VIII grades
81
CORBEANCA
Petreşti Preschool Educational Facility
Şos. Unirii nr. 24
82
CORBEANCA
83
CORNETU
84
Corbeanca no. 1 Preschool and I-VIII Grades Teaching
85
Str. Independentei nr. 15
74
Cornetu no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Sos. Alexandriei nr.179
229
CORNETU
Cornetu no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Crinului nr. 51
85
CORNETU
Cornetu no. 2 Preschool Educational Facility
86
DASCALU
Dascălu no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Victoriei nr. 99
87
DASCALU
Gagu Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Putna nr. 12
88
DASCALU
Dascălu no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
Str.1 Mai nr. 2
89
DARASTI
Dărăşti no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
94
90
DOBROESTI
Dobroeşti no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Str. N. Balcescu nr. 16
145
Facility
Str. Crizantemelor nr. 4, bl.
P15, parter
140
37
Fundeni – Dobroeşti no. 2 Teaching facility with I-VIII
91
DOBROESTI
92
DOBROESTI
Dobroeşti no. 1 Kindergarten
Str. N. Balcescu nr. 16
93
DOBROESTI
Fundeni no. 2 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Spicului nr. 10
94
DOMNESTI
Domneşti no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Com. Domnesti nr. 1228
183
95
DOMNESTI
Domneşti Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Com.Domnesti nr. 1201
80
96
DOMNESTI
Ţegheş Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Sat Teghes
20
97
DOMNESTI
Domnesti no.1 Preschool Educational Facility
Com.Domnesti nr. 1237
Dragomiresti Vale "Vintila Bratianu" Teaching Facility
Str. Micsunelelor nr. 166
98
99
100
101
102
DRAGOMIREŞTI
VALE
grades
DRAGOMIREŞTI
Dragomireşti Vale no. 1 Preschool and I-VIII Grades
VALE
Teaching Facility
DRAGOMIREŞTI
VALE
DRAGOMIREŞTI
VALE
Sos. Fundeni nr. 134
91
Str. Micsunelelor nr. 328
43
Zurbaua Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Ghioceilor nr. 42
39
Dragomiresti Deal no. 2 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
Str. Republicii nr. 142
125
DRAGOMIREŞTI
Dragomiresti Deal - Dragomiresti Vale no. 1 Preschool
VALE
Educational Facility
Str. Păcii nr. 41
38
Sos. Giurgiului nr. 220
103
1 DECEMBRIE
1 Decembrie no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
(corp A - clasele V - VIII)
Str. 8 Martie nr. 12
330
(corp B - clasele I - IV)
104
1 DECEMBRIE
1 Decembrie no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. 8 Martie nr. 12
105
GANEASA
Găneasa no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Stefan cel Mare nr. 27
30
106
GANEASA
Str. Kontzebuie nr. 8
21
107
GANEASA
Cozieni Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Manastirii nr. 2
46
108
GANEASA
Găneasa Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Stefan cel Mare nr. 36
109
GANEASA
110
GANEASA
111
GANEASA
Şindriliţa Preschool Educational Facility
112
GLINA
Glina no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Parcului nr. 1
156
113
GLINA
Căţelu - Glina no. 2 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Libertatii nr. 128
66
Moara Domnească Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching
Facility
Piteasca - Găneasa no. 2 Preschool and I-VIII Grades
Teaching Facility
Str. Revolutiei nr. 43
Şindriliţa - Găneasa no. 3Teaching facility with I-VIII
grades
8
73
79
5
39
114
GLINA
115
GLINA
116
GRADISTEA
117
Căţelu Preschool Educational Facility
Bobesti - Glina no. 3 Preschool and I-VIII Grades Teaching
Str. Libertatii nr.130
Str. Libertatii nr. 202
82
Gradistea no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Libertăţii nr. 116
94
GRADISTEA
Sitaru Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Teiului
35
118
GRUIU
Gruiu no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Sos. Gruiu - Snagov nr. 136
114
119
GRUIU
Gruiu Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Ungureni
120
GRUIU
Lipia – Gruiu no. 2 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
121
GRUIU
Lipia Preschool Educational Facility
122
GRUIU
123
GRUIU
C oadele Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Pescarilor
124
JILAVA
Jilava no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Sos. Giurgiului nr. 266
274
125
JILAVA
Jilava no. 2 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
Str. Verii nr. 33
126
126
JILAVA
Jilava no. 2 Kindergarten
Str. Ungureni nr.12
Facility
Silistea Snagovului – Gruiu no. 3 Preschool and I-VIII
Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Manastirea Caldarusani
nr. 46
101
Sos. Lipia - Nuci nr. 102
Str. Antim Ivireanu nr. 53
115
40
127
JILAVA
Jilava no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Odaii nr. 142
128
MOARA VLASIEI
Moara Vlasiei no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Sos. Eroilor nr. 127
129
MOARA VLASIEI
Moara Vlasiei no. 1 Preschool Educational Facility
130
MOARA VLASIEI
Moara Vlasiei no. 2 Preschool Educational Facility
131
MOARA VLASIEI
Moara Vlasiei no. 2 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
121
132
MOARA VLASIEI
73
133
MOARA VLASIEI
Caciulati no. 3 Preschool Educational Facility
134
MOGOSOAIA
Mogosoaia no. 1School with I-VIII grades
135
NUCI
Nuci Micsunesti Moara no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Viitorului nr. 2
83
136
NUCI
Merii Petchii Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Crinilor nr. 26
39
137
NUCI
Micsunestii Mari Teaching facility with I-IV grades
Str. Orhideelor nr. 82
24
138
NUCI
Netezesti Preschool Educational Facility
Calea Bucureşti nr. 238
Moara Vlasiei– Caciulati "Alexandru Dimitrie Ghica" no. 3
Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
83
Sos. Bucuresti -Targoviste
nr. 107
202
41
139
NUCI
Micsunesti Moara Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Morii nr. 11
140
NUCI
Micsunestii Mari Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Orhideelor nr. 84
141
PERIS
Peris Highschool with I-XII Grades
Str. Principală nr. 580
142
PERIS
Cocioc Preschool Educational Facility
143
PERIS
Bălteni Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Balteni nr. 15
144
PERIS
Bratulesti – Peris no. 2 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
Str. Şcolii nr. 3
145
PERIS
Brătuleşti Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Zaharia Stancu nr. 1
146
PERIS
Burias – Peris "Prof. ION IONITA" no. 3 Preschool and I-VIII
Str. Inv. Gheorghe Petre nr.
Grades Teaching Facility
109
147
PETRACHIOAIA
Petrachioaia no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Str. Vânători nr. 312
148
PETRACHIOAIA
Petrachioaia Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Vânători nr. 360
149
PETRACHIOAIA
Maineasca Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Sos. Sinesti nr. 13
19
150
PETRACHIOAIA
Surlari Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Str. Crisului nr. 193
20
139
152
71
119
42
151
PETRACHIOAIA
Vânători Preschool and I-IV Grades Teaching Facility
Sos. Gagu nr. 69
22
152
SNAGOV
Snagov "Mihail Kogalniceanu" Highschool with I-XII Grades
Intr. Narciselor nr. 8
69
153
SNAGOV
Snagov Preschool Educational Facility
Soseaua Snagov
154
SNAGOV
155
SNAGOV
156
SNAGOV
157
158
STEFANESTII DE
JOS
STEFANESTII DE
JOS
Ghermanesti – Snagov "Mihai Eminescu" no. 2 School
with I-VIII grades
Ciofliceni Preschool Educational Facility
Tâncăbeşti "Constantin Băicoianu" no. 1 Preschool and I-
Şos. Ghermăneşti nr. 67
112
Str. Mircea cel Bătrân
Str. C. Baicoianu nr. 10
74
Stefanestii de Jos no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
Şos. Stefanesti nr. 147
211
Ştefăneştii de Jos Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Zorilor nr. 260
VIII Grades Teaching Facility
159
TUNARI
Tunari no. 1 School with I-VIII grades
210
160
TUNARI
Tunari Preschool Educational Facility
Str. 1 Decembrie nr. 6
161
VIDRA
Vidra "Alexandru Rosetti" Highschool with I-XII Grades
Str. Gării nr. 65
68
162
VIDRA
Vidra (Bragadiru)Teaching facility with I-IV grades
Sos. Principala nr. 190
86
43
163
VIDRA
Vidra Preschool Educational Facility
Str. Principala nr.
164
VIDRA
Vidra (Bragadiru) Preschool Educational Facility
Com.Vidra
165
VIDRA
Cretesti – Vidra no. 2 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
166
VIDRA
Cretesti Preschool Educational Facility
167
VIDRA
Sintesti – Vidra no. 3 Teaching facility with I-VIII grades
Şos. Principala nr. 169
168
VIDRA
Sintesti Preschool Educational Facility
Şos. Principala nr. 207
Total number of pupils
94
109
14496
44
Choosing children enrolled in primary school as the target group for the
implementation of the good practice is motivated by the psychological characteristics of this
age group. According to C. Barbour and P.A. Scully (2009), the influence of the community,
which appears at an early stage in a child's life and its influence on mental development, affects
all areas of psychological development. The most important factors are traditions, cultural
values, community mores, recreation opportunities and cultural and social activities, which play
an important role in the child’s development. Of course, they start to be more exposed to these
factors when they start school, which means that an environmental education program that is
age-appropriate and provided in schools will have more chances to form a correct image about
environmental responsibility.
Another psychological characteristic of pre-school and primary school children is the tendency
to imitate. According to Henri Wallon (1965), this action is not random, the child being very
selective in choosing the behaviors he mimics. The tendency is to imitate the people they
appreciate and who produce positive feelings.
This feature of the age is important because, by providing environmentally beneficial behaviors
(e.g. waste reduction through reuse) through attractive characters, for whom children develop
an emotional attachment, they will accept more easily the proposed behavior.
The importance of well-structured educational programs that have long term effects on the
development of children's behavior has been studied by Campbell and Ramey (1995) and by
Weikart (2004). They believed that the entire academic development, skill development and
defining character traits are closely related to the quality of educational programs to which
children have been exposed.
Another aspect to be taken into account in determining the target group to be made out of
children aged 7 to 11 years is the influence that children have on their parents’ behavior.
Marketing studies identified children in this age group as having a high potential to change the
structure of adult consumption by changing their parents’ attitudes toward certain products
and persuading them to buy other products. A similar effect can be achieved in the field of
45
waste prevention because children will return home and try to persuade their
parents to implement what they have learned in the educational program.
Therefore, it is recommended to implement a version of "Let's Do It with Ferda" adapted to the
identified features of the target group and to the local characteristics of the county. It is
proposed to maintain the emphasis on waste prevention by educating children in this respect,
making preventive measures possible among adults, due to the influence that children have on
parental behavior.
46
Indicators used for assessing the impact of waste prevention
actions
The purpose of the indicators used in the Pre-waste project is to facilitate the creation of a
system for monitoring the progress of the implementation of waste prevention activities and
assessing their effectiveness. Through these indicators the degree of participation in the action,
avoided waste and efficiency of resource allocation are measured, the goal being to improve
these issues.
Indicators can be divided into three categories: resource indicators, indicators for results and
impact indicators. Resource indicators enable the comparison of the results of financial costs
and the assessment of resource efficiency (staff, communication tools, specific equipment,
etc.). In order to enable their calculation and monitoring, an operating reporting system is
required from the beginning of the implementation of the action, that should include the
reporting of specific cost, time sheets etc.
Results indicators are designed to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures by
measuring participation and quantities of wastes that were avoided. To be relevant, there must
be an initial assessment of quantities and target audiences, in order to facilitate subsequent
comparisons. Some types of results cannot be measured - for example, it is very difficult to
measure the raising awareness among the target group, or indirect effects of an educational
program on waste streams. In these situations, the best solution is to use indicators that
measure participation.
Indicators that measure the quantity of avoided waste are useful for measuring the
effectiveness of waste prevention actions and are generally calculated by multiplying the
number of participants in the action with the average avoided amount per capita.
Regarding "quality" indicators, they vary depending on the action and cannot establish a
formula that can be applied to a universal indicator for the quality of the prevention action.
47
Impact indicators focus on three aspects of sustainable development: economic,
environmental and social issues. Economic indicators may refer to economic growth, costbenefit analysis, etc. and are useful to estimate the avoided costs due to waste prevention, by
correlating revenue and costs defined in the resources indicators.
The environmental field includes many categories, from local pollution to global warming and
biodiversity, but in order to make calculations possible, indicators generally focus on
greenhouse gas emissions.
Like in the case of the environment, social issues cover many topics, including social inequalities
and unemployment. In general, the indicators focus on job creation through the
implementation of the waste prevention action and on the support of existing jobs in the local
economy, for example in repair shops, rental agencies etc.
The different types of indicators, their definitions and method of calculation are included in
Table 1.2
48
Table 1.2: Types of indicators
Category
Indicators
Direct costs
Direct incomes
Costs borne by the project
leader
Incomes directly linked to the
project
Calculation
Sum of the different reported costs
Sum of the different incomes
Costs not specifically
Financial
Indirect costs
Resource indicators
Definition
allocated to the prevention
Assessment of the part of the fixed charges allocated to
project and borne by the
waste prevention
project leader
External costs
Internal staff
Staff
Costs borne by external
partners
Sum of the different costs, possibly sorted by partners
Hours of work of internal
Sum of the hours of work on the project, by assessing the
staff dedicated to the project
part of the hours dedicated to the project
Hours of work of external
External staff
staff and partners dedicated
Sum of the hours of work from partners
to the project
Technical
Number of
Total number of a specific
technical/ergonomic tools
technical tool given to
given for the prevention
participants
Sum of distributed tools
49
project
Communication
tools
Number of communication
Number of communication
tools set up for the project
tools by type
Number of people affected by
the different communication
tools
Sum of communication tools, by type
Number of people receiving
communication tool or
attending a communication
Number of people affected, by type of tool
event
Poll on a representative panel
Number of people aware of
Participation
Awareness
the project and ready to take
Survey with questionnaire to a representative panel
part
Interview of participants at a waste prevention event
Indicators for results
Poll on a representative panel
Active participation
Number of people taking
actively part to the action
Survey with questionnaire to a representative panel
Direct counting
Avoided quantities
Waste quantities avoided by
Assessment of the quantity
(Number of participants) X (avoided quantities per
the project
of waste that were avoided
participant)
50
thanks to the action/project
Direct counting if waste prevention occurs in a limited space
Evolution of sales of toxic
Avoided toxicity
products and replacement by
less hazardous ones
products
Evolution of domestic use of
Evolution of use hazardous
hazardous product
products
Evolution of sales of ecoOther
Evolution of sales hazardous
friendly products in regard of
waste prevention
Comparison of sales before
and after the project
Evolution of consumption for a
Monitoring of the evolution
given product concerned by
of consumption of a given
the waste prevention action
product
Evolution of rentals
of rentals for several
products
Evolution of reparation
Satisfaction of participants
Comparison of sales figures
Keeping track of the quantities of consumption goods
Keeping track of the rental figures from concerned rental
stores
Keeping track of the amount of products brought to repair
of repaired goods
shops on the concerned territory
After active participation to a
given waste prevention
Survey with participants / representative panel
51
action, assessment of
satisfaction
Economy
Avoided costs on waste
management
Costs avoided thanks to the
reduced quantity of waste to
be collected and treated
(avoided quantity of waste) X (cost of waste management
per ton)
Impact indicators
If the waste prevention
Avoided costs thanks to the
action allow to avoid
substitution of the waste
purchase of goods or
prevention action to a product
services, it allows saving their
costs
Economical balance of the
Balance between costs,
action
avoided costs and incomes
Calculation of total costs
Calculation of total incomes
Calculation of total avoided costs
Sum of the impact linked to
Environment
Impact linked to the waste
the waste prevention action
Inventory of every emission linked to the action
prevention action
(energy and material/good
Calculation and sum
consumption, processes…)
Avoided impacts linked to less
waste to be managed
Impact that would be
produced by the avoided
waste quantities if it was sent
Calculation of the impact of waste collection and treatment
of the considered avoided waste
52
to waste management
The waste prevention action
Avoided impact due to the
substitution induced by the
waste prevention action
might take the place of a
Calculation of the impact if the waste prevention action did
product, a process or any
not occur:
other activity that would
have had an impact on the
- Assessment of the avoidance
environment; this indicator is
about assessing this avoided
- Assessment of its impact
impact
Number and type of job
Social issues
Creation of local job
created by the waste
Sum of local job created, by category
prevention action
Assess the interest of a waste
Support to local jobs
prevention action in regard
with local jobs
Creation of social bonding
Source: ORDIF – State of waste prevention monitoring.
Assessment of social bonding
entailed
Monitor the activity of jobs related to waste prevention
(repair shops, composting training centers…)
Depend on the action
53
Proposed indicators for the assessment of the pilot action’s impact
The process of transferring the good practice in the Ilfov county through a pilot action requires
the adaptation of the indicators to the selected good practice and to the characteristics of the
local environment.
Thus, since the Cooperation Department chose to adapt and transfer the "Let's Do It with
Ferda" educational program (Estonia), for the reasons mentioned above, in the following part
of the study will propose the indicators considered most appropriate for this pilot action.
The assessment of the efficiency of the pilot action should be done through result indicators,
especially those on participation. Specifically, the indicator for active participation should be
calculated in two forms - participation of schools and number of students participating in the
action. The calculation method will consist of directly counting the number of participants.
Indicators to measure awareness regarding the issues presented by the project are difficult to
calculate because they require conducting a survey among Ilfov county’s population,
establishing a representative sample, and then among the pupils from the participating schools.
Given the time and financial constraints - in Romania school starts on September 15 and the
Pre-waste project will be completed in October 2012, it is not advisable to rely on the
calculation of this indicator for awareness.
Other result indicators are difficult to apply in order to measure the effectiveness of
educational programs, especially when taking into account Ilfov county’s characteristics. Thus,
the indicator for prevented waste quantities cannot be calculated because in the case of
educational programs, the effects on waste streams are not direct or immediate. Since the
program aims to change the mentality of future generations, the impact will be a long term
one. The same reasoning applies to indicators that measure avoided toxicity.
54
Optionally, for a better management of the pilot action and taking into account a possible
future extension at the level of the entire county, it is advisable to calculate the indicators
concerning resources, since they facilitate a future cost-benefit analysis.
Thus, during the implementation of the pilot action, the financial indicators for direct costs
should be calculated, since the basic idea of the program is not intended to generate direct
revenue and costs for third parties. Staff costs should also be calculated, for the internal staff
involved in the action, as well as for the contracted external staff. For this pilot action, it is the
equivalent of the salary received for the hours worked for the project, according to the salary
stipulated in the employment contract, and the remuneration of actors involved in presenting
the prevention concepts for children.
It will also be necessary to calculate the cost for developing and producing promotional and
informational materials that will be distributed in schools (Pre-waste leaflets, flyers related to
actions, mascots).
The indicator that measures the costs that arise from the use of communication tools will be
calculated based on the number of press releases published in local and regional newspapers. It
is estimated that there will be additional costs generated by the use of other communication
tools.
Given the small size of the pilot action and the characteristics of the educational program that
will be adapted, impact indicators will not apply because the action will not produce major
economic effects. It will also have no major impact on the unemployment rate because it will
involve hiring a small number of actors for the presentations that will take place in schools. The
impact on the environment, as mentioned before, will be an indirect one and can only be
observed on the long term.
55
In conclusion, the following indicators are proposed in order to measure the costs and results of
the pilot action:
•
•
Results indicators:
-
number of schools involved;
-
number of participating pupils.
Resource indicators:
-
direct costs;
-
staff costs (internal and external staff);
-
equipment costs;
-
costs generated by the use of communication tools.
56
Recommendations for the adaptation of the good practice
To have a high impact on the target group, the Pre-waste good practice must be adapted
according to the preferences of the target group and to the characteristics of the local
environmental.
The proposed changes concern three major aspects of the good practice: the mascot, the
teaching materials distributed in schools and the ways in which the information related to
waste prevention is presented.
Proposal for the creation of a new mascot
Taking into account the evolution of Romanian children’s preferences and the products
designed for the 7-11 years age group, the Ferda ant should be replaced by another character,
the spirit of the lamp (jinni) called Fixit, whose proposed design is shown in Figure 1.2.
A colored version of the mascot will be used as the logo for the action, along with the
mandatory project logos that will be printed on all distributed promotional materials.
A simplified black and white version of the mascot will be used to create toys that will be
distributed in schools. They will be made out of a washable fabric that can be colored with
washable markers, and then washed and reused. Thus, the concept of reuse will be more easily
understood by children and it will become more attractive.
The estimated costs for producing the toys are presented in Table 1.3, but they could be
lowered by signing a partnership with a textile manufacturer. Such a partnership would entail
additional information on the label of the puppets (e.g. name or logo of the manufacturer).
The puppets will be made in accordance with the current European and Romanian legislation,
with labels stating the age group to which they are addressed, and other mandatory
57
information. The project logos and information will be printed on the back of toys, while the
logos of potential partners will be printed on labels.
Figure 1.2: Possible design of the mascot –the Fixit jinni
Source: Consultant’s own creation
The puppets will be accompanied by washable markers, engraved with the Pre-waste logo and
the banner of European Union.
58
Proposal for the adaptation of the teaching materials
The educational materials distributed in schools as part of the good practice consisted of
leaflets, brochures and a board game that facilitated the understanding of waste prevention
concepts.
Adapting these materials will consist mainly in replacing the board game with a coloring book
and a book with games. IBGE, as a Pre-waste partner, supplied a coloring book and a book with
games that they use in schools, which could be adapted and used for this purpose.
The two books will be distributed with crayons engraved with the Pre-waste logo.
These materials will come with two types of fliers: a leaflet with details about the Pre-waste
project, used in the project, and a leaflet with tips for waste prevention, which will bear the
logo of the action (the Fixit Jinni) and the mandatory Pre-waste logos (Pre-waste logo, EU logo
and the INTERREG IVC European Regional Development Fund logo).
The two books that could be used, in the original version and a modified version that can be
adapted for Romanian childen, are presented in Tables 1.3. and 1.4.
59
Coloring book
Table 1.3: Coloring book and educational book with games – original versions
60
61
62
63
64
Book with games
65
66
67
68
69
70
Sursă: Materiale furnizate de către IBGE
71
Coloring book
Table 1.3: Coloring book and educational book with games – adaptable versions
72
73
74
75
76
Book with games
77
78
79
80
81
82
Proposals for adapting the way in which the information is presented in
schools
In the good practice, courses were held with a hand puppet and with the help of the
Ferda mascot.
In order to facilitate the implementation of the pilot action the puppet theater to be
replaced should be replaced with actors dressed up as jinni. In this way, costs arising
from renting props could be avoided and those generated by hiring external staff
(actors) could be reduced. This adaptation will require presence of a single actor to play
Fixit jinni.
The estimated costs for the implementation of the pilot action are presented in Table
1.4.
Table1.4: The estimated costs for the implementation of the pilot action
Activities
Estimated costs
Mascot (500 pieces)
2000 euro
Creation of the logo
500 euro
Printing the Pre-waste flyers (500 pieces)
500 euro
Printing the coloring books (500 pieces)
800 euro
Printing the books with games (500 pieces)
600 euro
Washable coloring sets (500 pieces)
1200 euro
Hiring actors (2 actors)
800 euro
Renting costumes (2 costumes)
500 euro
TOTAL
6900 euro
84
Conclusions
Following the research undertaken, this study reached three main conclusions:
1. The adaptation of the "Let's Do It with Ferda" good practice to the socioeconomic conditions in Ilfov county is necessary, as well as the adaptation
according to Romanian waste prevention policies and procedures. The
suggestion for ways of adapting the good practice can be found in Chapter 9
("Recommendations for the adaptation of the good practice") of this study.
2. The target group identified as most suitable for the transfer and adaptation of
the good practice are the pupils enrolled in public primary schools in the Ilfov
county. For a better visibility of the project in the Ilfov county, and in order to
increase awareness of waste prevention issues, we recommend selecting a larger
number of schools, while also taking into account the restrictions imposed by the
budget.
3. It is important to create a mascot for the implementation of pilot actions that
will represent the principles of Pre-waste project. The proposal of this study,
which is found in the subchapter entitled "Proposals for the creation of a new
mascot" is that the mascot should be made out of washable fabric that can be
colored, washed and then recolored with washable markers. Thus, children will
understand more easily the concepts of reuse and waste prevention.

2012_Ilfov county, Romania_Waste Prevention Program in

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