Musical Instruments
Transcription
Musical Instruments
Introduction This%booklet%is%designed%to%show%teachers%the%wide%range%of% musical%instruments%which%are%available%for%loan%in%the%CDEC% collection,%originating%from%all%around%the%world.% %Some%are% described%below%but%we%have%many%more%–%please%see%the%full% illustrated%catalogue%included%in%this%pdf.% Although%these%instruments%can%be%touched%and%held%by%the% children,%they%are%artefacts%and%may%be%too%fragile%to%play.% CDEC, Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB Tel: 015394 31602 Email: office@cdec.org.uk ! ! CDEC Musical Instruments This! booklet! is! designed! to! show! teachers! the! wide! range! of! musical! instruments! which! are! available! for! loan! in! the! CDEC! Collection,! originating!from!all!around!the!world.!!Some!are!described!below!but! we!have!many!more!>!please!see!the!full!illustrated!catalogue!included! in!this!pdf! ! Although! these! instruments! can! be! touched! and! held! by! the! children,! they!are!artefacts!and!may!be!too!fragile!to!play.! ! Rattles Used!to!stress!dancing!and!also!in!magic!rituals.! ! The! use! of! seed! pods! and! gourds! as! rattles! with! their! own! seeds! increased! the!magic!potency!of!the!instruments.! ! ! ! Juju!Seed!Rattle! ! ! ! !!!! ! Caxixi!Rattles!are!woven!with!both!straw!and!reed.!!They!are!usually! filled!with!small!stones.! ! ! Gourd Rattles Gourd!rattles!decorated!with!patterns!and!animal!drawings.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Idiophones Easily! improvised! instruments! of! percussion! made! from! naturally! resonant! materials,! from! which! sound! can! be! produced! without! the! addition!of!skin,!string!or!vibrating!a!column!of!air.! ! ! ! ! ! Scrapers These! originated! in! the! early! Stone! Age! with! bone! scrapers.! ! They! existed!on!every!continent!and!have!survived!to!modern!times.! ! ! ! ! Clappers These! include! claves! which! can! be! as! basic! as! two! sticks! struck! together.! ! ! ! ! ! Butchers! in! England! and! Scotland! traditionally! used! clappers! in! the! form! of! marrow! bones! and! cleavers! to! play! music.! ! Claves! now! feature!in!modern!Latin!–!American!orchestras.! ! ! Double! Bells! I! forged! by! blacksmiths.! ! Each! bell! has! several! pitches! depending!upon!how!you!strike!them.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Xylophones also known as Marimbas There!are!few!African!countries!where!the!xylophone!does!not!exist.!! Often! used! at! funerals,! festivals! and! celebrations,! they! can! provide! both!the!melody!and!rhythm.! ! They!can!be!made!from!bamboo,!wood!or!gourds!and!are!struck!with! wooden! mallets! with! rubber! or! leather! tips.! ! Others! are! made! over! pits!or!using!logs.! ! ! ! ! ! Drums (Membranophones) A!step!forward!in!the!development!of!music!came!with!the!covering! of!a!hollow!log!with!a!skin.! ! Drums!come!in!many!shapes!and!sizes!but!usually!fall!into!two!main! classes.! ! Open!drums:!singleIheaded! &! Closed!drums:!single!–!or! with!opening!at!one!end.! doubleIheaded!with!no! open!end.! ! Drums! are! used! for! magic! or! religious! festivals,! communication! and! fun.! ! How! did! they! first! come! into! existence?! ! Perhaps! when! hides! went! taut! as! they! were! pegged! into! the! earth! to! dry,! people! moved! to! pegging!skins!onto!wooden!vessels.! Most!common!are!the!cylindrical!or!bowl!shaped!drums!such!as!the! African!Kettledrums.! ! ! ! Shape!is!believed! ! !to!derive!from! ! !the!earlier! !clay!form.! ! ! ! ! ! ! Smaller! examples! of! closed! drums! are! the! African! hide! drums! ! and! the! leather! covered! Koboro! from! Eritrea! which! can! have! painted! designs!on!the!drum!and!ends.! !! ! ! ! Hide!drum!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Koboro! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Open Drums Djembe!type!drum! ManImade!(weatherproof)!drum! based!on!the!West!African!Djembe! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Dual!pot!drums! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Square Frame Drums ! Indian Drums In! India! the! drum! remains! the! characteristic! instrument! associated! with!all!aspects!of!life…! ! ! ! Dhol The!Dhol!is!played!with!the!hands!when!accompanying!a!singer!and! with!a!stick!when!in!concert!with!pipes.! ! ! ! Cordophones Beads,! cowrie! shells! and! animal! hair! are! commonly! used! to! decorate! musical! instruments! in! Africa,! such! as! this! eightI stringed!lyre.!! ! !Lyres! are! only! found! in!East!Africa.! ! ! ! ! ! Box!Harp! ! Harps!can!be!recognized!by!the!distinctive!upward!curved!necks.! ! Harps!and!lyres!are!usually!played!as!solo!instruments.! ! Flutes Flutes!are!used!in!many!countries!throughout!the!world.!!The!CDEC! collection! contains! examples! of! different! types! of! flute! including! wooden!flutes,!ocarinas!and!pan!pipes.! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! Musical Instrument Collection ! Instrument Country of Origin No. Cabassa India 1 Cabassa India 2 Cactus Rainstick Chile 3 Castanet Mexico 4 Caxixi Africa & S. America 5 Caxixi X 2 Africa & S. America 6 Madagascar 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Collection of Miniature Instruments Djembe West Africa 8 ! Flute ! Flute ! 9 Peru 10 11 Flute ! Flute Eritrea 12 ! ! Flute 13 ! Gourd Rattle ! Ecuador 14 Kenya 15 Hide Drum Kenya 16 Hide Drum (Small) Africa 17 Juju Seed Rattle Africa Kambaya Kenya 19 Kambaya Kenya 20 Hide Drum ! ! ! 18 ! ! ! Kirar Eritrea 21 ! Koboro (Recycled Paint Tin) Eritrea Koboro (Recycled Paint Tin) Eritrea 22 ! 23 ! Maraca Africa & S. America 24 Maracas Mexico 25 Marimba (Large) Africa 26 ! ! ! Marimba (Medium) Africa Marimba (Small) Africa Mini Maraca Peru 29 Rainstick Peru & Chile 30 27 ! 28 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Rattle (part of larger instrument?) 31 Rattle (part of larger instrument?) 32 Set of pipes 33 Set of Pipes (Circular) 34 Sistrum ! Africa 35 Skin Drum (Large) ! Thumb Piano with Tuneable Keys ! Kenya 36 Tanzania 37 Watta Eritrea 38 Double Drums Pottery & Hide Africa Dhol Drum India Box Harp E. Africa ! 39 ! 40 ! ! 41 42 Hide Drum – Round Kenya Finger Harp Kenya 43 Square Frame Drum Africa 44 Hide Drum Kenya 45 Maracas ( Pair ) Mexico 46 Ocarina Peru 47 Ocarina Peru 48 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lyre (Cordaphone) E. Africa 49 Bangladesh 50 ! Dhol Drum with Plectrum ! Hide Drum (Small) Kenya/Tanzania 51 ! Agogo Double Bells ! Mulam Thudi ( Bamboo Drum ) ! Dhol Drum ( Metal ) ! W. Africa 52 India 53 India 54 Hide Drum Round ( Large ) 55 ! Cowhide Drum Kenya 56 Hide Drum – Large Kenya 57 Hide drum – Large Kenya 58 Rattle St. Lucia 59 Castanets Mexico 60 Double Drums Pottery & Hide Africa 61 ! ! ! ! ! ! !