From the Director`s Desk Dr. Mangala Rai, the new Director

Volume 9
Number 1
From the Director’s Desk
The quest for clean food and the need to compete in
international markets have resulted into revival of
interest in alternative methods of pest management,
among which the microbial and botanical pesticides
are gaining importance. Currently about 175
biopesticide active ingredients are registered with
about 700 products available world wide. The
domestic market is overshadowed by neem and Bt
products which needs serious review, so that other
products are also brought into focus. Although a
number of botanical pesticides (735) have been
registered with CIB, they need to be incorporated as
a component of IPM in the large scale trials. This
will not only create awareness among the farmers to
utilize the biodiversity for pest management but also
generate data for use in organic farming which is
gaining momentum in the country.
Jan-Jun, 2003
Dr. Mangala Rai, the new Director
General, ICAR
Eminent agricultural scientist,
Dr. Mangala Rai took over as
the Secretary, Department of
Agricultural Research and
Education (DARE), Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of
India and Director General,
Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) on January 9,
2003. Born on June 30, 1947 in
Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, Dr. Rai graduated in
agriculture in 1967, obtained his Master’s degree in
1969 and Ph. D. in 1973 from the Banaras Hindu
University. He joined the ICAR in April, 1973 as
Junior Plant Breeder and held various positions of
importance in research, teaching and management
such as Project Coordinator (Linseed), ICAR; Director
(Oilseeds Technology); Assistant Director General
(Seeds) & (Policy and Planning), ICAR; Deputy
Director General (Crop Sciences), ICAR; National
Director (NATP); and Agriculture Commissioner.
Dr. Rai played a crucial role in bringing progressive
changes in agricultural research and management
across the disciplines by comprehending and
implementing the National Agricultural Technology
Project (NATP). He was also mainly instrumental in
formulating the Perspective Plan of ICAR. His
contributions to Oilseed Technology Mission and
National Seed Project (NSP) are too well known to
bear repetition. Through more than 200 research
papers in journals of repute and presentations in
important symposia on wide ranging areas in
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1
agriculture, genetics, seed technology, biotechnology,
bio- energy, etc., he has made significant and
commendable contributions to science and the society.
Dr. Rai was conferred D.Sc. degree (Honoris causa) in
1999 by CSAUAT, Kanpur. Subsequently, MRPC
conferred the ‘Lifetime Achievement Award’ in 2001
for research and development efforts in oilseeds, in
particular rapeseed and mustard.
Our New DDG (Crop Science)
Dr. Gautam Kalloo, a renowned
vegetable breeder joined as
Deputy
Director
General
(Horticulture) on 28.9.2001 and
was given the additional
responsibilities of Deputy
Director General (Crop Science) in
January, 2003. He did his Ph.D. from BHU and
thereafter joined HAU where he served in various
capacities before joining the ICAR as the Director,
IIVR, Varanasi. He has developed 42 vegetable
varieties and is the author of number of books
published by international publishers. He is also
recipient of ICAR team award.
Research News
ICAR Ad-hoc Scheme on IPM in
Vegetables
An Ad-hoc scheme entitled “Development and
validation of Adaptable IPM in selected Vegetable
Crops (Okra & Brinjal)” was approved by ICAR under
AP Cess Fund of the Council for a period of three years
starting from 1st April, 2003 with a total budget of
Rs.11,31,392/- (Rupees eleven lakhs thirty one
thousand three hundred ninety two only). The project
focuses on the development and validation of
ecologically sound adaptable IPM strategy based on
practices specific for the region for Okra and Brinjal
through Participatory approach with selected farmers
to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides. The
scheme will also include studies on socio-economic
constraints in adoption of IPM in vegetable crops.
Development of IPM technology for Bt
cotton
In pursuance of Government of India releasing 3
transgenic cotton hybrids MECH-184, MECH-162 and
MECH-12 with an endotoxin producing gene (cry-1
Ac) from Bacillus thuringiensis to impart resistance
against bollworm complex (American bollworm, pink
bollworm), NCIPM has taken up the endeavor in
collaboration with Cotton Research Station, Nanded
and M/s Monsanto (India) Ltd. to study the
performance of Bt crops against field insect pests,
population dynamics of natural enemies and
development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
strategies for rainfed conditions in Village Hotalla,
located approximately 60 Km away from Nanded city.
Majority of the fields are having black cotton soil with
partial provisions for protective irrigation. Majority
of the farmers are having small to marginal land
holdings. The various management components
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adopted were similar to Ashta IPM module except that
the traditional variety was replaced with Bt. The pest
scenario was recorded on weekly basis. Sucking pests
were mostly active during 30-42 standard weeks,
whereas whitefly and jassids did not cross the ETL
throughout the whole season. These also did not vary
much amongst Bt and Non-Bt cultivars. The
population of thrips was higher on Non-IPM
conventional cotton. Aphid population was
comparable in Bt-IPM and counterpart Non-Bt IPM
as compared to 20.57 aphids/3 leaves on conventional
cotton (IPM) and highest (44.34 aphids/3 leaves) on
conventional cotton Non-IPM. Helicoverpa armigera
was in moderate intensity in 2002-03 because of
comparatively dry season. The eggs laid on different
cultivars with and without IPM remained similar
ranging 0.08 to 0.17 eggs/plant over the season with
highest (0.17) being on conventional cotton Non-IPM.
The no. of larvae was lowest in Bt cotton (0.01 larvae/
plant) compared to 0.04 and 0.09 larvae/plant on
conventional cotton IPM and Non-IPM, respectively.
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E.vitella was a minor pest during the season. The
natural enemy population was less in Bt cotton
compared to conventional cotton with IPM. This could
have been mainly due to less availability of sucking
pests, food for the natural enemies, on Bt cotton
compared to conventional cotton. Population of natural
enemies was lowest in conventional Non IPM cotton,
which received maximum pesticidal sprays. The total
percent of damage fruiting bodies including squares,
flowers, green bolls and shed reproductive parts was
lower in Bt cotton (12.48%) compared to 33.34% in
counterpart Non-Bt while 28.27% in conventional
cotton IPM and highest (55.14%) in conventional
cotton Non-IPM. There was incidence of parawilt in
traces in the Bt plots. Parawilt is considered to be
genetically controlled physiological disorder which
appears when there is a long dry spell followed by
rain. Net returns were highest in Bt cotton (Rs.21974/
ha) and lowest in conventional cotton Non-IPM
(Rs.6800/ha).
Ridge sowing in Pigeonpea as cultural
practice of plant protection
In Mirzapur district, both short duration and long
duration pigeonpea were grown in large area on flat
beds. The farmers used to broadcast the seeds and
harvest at the end. The Phytophthora blight caused
heavy losses in pigeonpea crop. Under NATP-MM
project, “Validation and Promotion of IPM technology
for selected crops in different agro-ecological regions”,
an IPM package was developed and validated in 5
villages of Mirzapur district in 51 ha area out of 717
ha in collaboration with Institute of Agricultural
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The
major component of IPM package is sowing on ridges
to avoid Phytopthora blight. This was practically
demonstrated to the farmers in Mirazpur district.
During 2001-02 in IPM fields 2-3 percent of plants
were damaged by Phyophthora blight as compared to
25 per cent in non-IPM fields. Ridge sowing, coupled
with seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @
4g/kg of seed and vitavax @ 2g/kg of seed was also
used in IPM fields. The results were very encouraging
with the yield of 18.46 q/ha in IPM fields as compared
to 7.65 q/ha in Non-IPM fields. The cost benefit ratio
for IPM farmers IPM farmers was 1:5.46.
Success Story of IPM for Oilseeds
The NATP project “Development of IPM modules for
oilseeds and nutritious cereals based production
system” which was initiated in the year 2000 has
successfully developed technology for safflowergreengram sequence cropping system.
The experiments were carried out on farmers’
fields in three-watershed villages viz., Kinloha,
Takli and Zari (Parbhani: Maharashtra). Two IPM
modules (IPM & non-IPM) were formulated and
evaluated.
The IPM package comprising timely sowing under
taken during first week of October, seed treatment
with carbendazim @ 2 g/kg seed, border spraying with
dimethoate @ 0.05 % on four rows on each side and
180 cm across the plot on both sides, ETL based 1st
application of NSKE @ 5 per cent and 2 nd with
dimethoate @ 0.05 per cent for aphid, installing bird
perches and pheromone traps for Helicoverpa proved
effective and remunerative as compared to farmers’
practice.
Cost: Benefit ratio for different modules
(Treatments)
Modules/
Treatments
Cost of
plant
protection (Rs)
Yield
(q/ha)
Monetary C:B
gain
Ratio
(Rs)
IPM
3644/-
15.25
25,925/-
1:7.1
Non IPM
2694/-
8.10
13,770/-
1:5.1
Rate of crop – Rs. 1700/ q.
Impact Assessment
Because of IPM technology there is a significant
increase in yield of the crop (46.88 %) and thus the
economic status of the farmers has improved. IPM
module developed for Safflower in Marathwada region
of Maharashtra gave the net benefit of Rs. 12155/per ha. The total area in Marathwada is 2,51,700 ha.
If that IPM technology is taken to the whole area of
Marathwada, it may impart the benefit of Rs. 305.94
crores as additional income, as estimated from IPM
trials.
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3
Workshops
NATP- Interactive Workshop on IPM
An interactive workshop on Integrated Pest
Management was organized jointly by National
Centre for Integrated Pest Management and
National Agricultural Technology Project to bring all
the stakeholders of IPM at the same platform to
review the work, exchange their experiences and
address the issue as to why IPM has not yet reached
the masses. This was so important because despite
of having IPM technology for cotton, rice, vegetables
and sugarcane, it has not covered more than 1-2% of
the total area. About 100 projects were funded by
NATP on IPM. The workshop was inaugurated by
Valedictory session chaired by Sri. Mohan Kanda,
Secretary Agriculture, Govt. of India
Inaugural Session Dr. Mangala Rai, DG, ICAR &
Secretary, DARE, Govt. of India
Dr. Mangala Rai, Secretary DARE and Director
General, ICAR on 26 th February, 2003. Various
dignitaries from ICAR, SAUs, GOI participated in
the workshop. The workshop spanned for three days
(26-28 February, 2003) at NBPGR auditorium, Pusa,
New Delhi. There were 7 technical sessions namely
Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity,
biopesticides, Forecasting & Epidemiology in Pest
Management, Development and Validation of IPM,
Mission Mode and Team of Excellence, Policy issues
concluding session to finalize the recommendations
of the workshop. The summary of the issues discussed
were published during the workshop and is now
available on-line (http://www.ncipm.org.in/
Latest%20Publications/Summary.pdf). The outcome
and recommendations made during the workshop
will no doubt be the guiding force of IPM research in
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the country. 150 delegates participated in the
workshop.
Workshop on Integrated Management
of fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae ) in
India.
The ‘Scientific and Planning Workshop’ of the IndoUK collaborative Project on ‘ Integrated
Management of Fruit Flies (Diptera : Tephritidae)
in India under the ICAR –UK Department of
International Development (DFID) agreement was
held on 16-17 th Jan, 2003 at NCIPM under the
chairmanship of Dr. G. Kalloo, DDG( Hort.), ICAR.
The Project entirely funded by UKDFID with a
budget of Rs. 46.27 Lakhs for a period of 27 months
w.e.f. January 2003. This will be implemented under
the over all supervision of ICAR at eight
experimental locations in five centers viz; Central
Horticultural Experimental Station, (IIHR);
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Bhubneshwar, Central Institute for Sub Tropical
Horticulture (CISH), Lucknow; Indian Institute of
Vegetable Research, Varanasi; Gujarat Agricultural
University, Sardar Krushinagar (Three Campus at
Anand, Gurdevi and Palanpur), Kerala Agricultural
University, Trichur (Two locations at Trissur and
Thiruvananthpuram). In addition to above National
Centre for integrated Pest management (NCIPM),
LBS building, Pusa, New Delhi will work as
Knowledge Review Centre for the Project. In this
workshop the technical programme, objectives,
modalities and logistics were discussed and
finalised. Prof. Amerika Singh, Director, NCIPM
and PI of Knowledge Review Centre, while
welcoming the participants highlighted the losses
caused by fruit fly and the importance of this project
in India. Dr. G. Kalloo, the chief guest in his
remarks emphasized on the importance of studies
on biology of plant (level of resistance, biochemistry
etc.), pests, social aspects and impact analysis of
the project. Dr. John Mumford the Project Director
proposed an idea of setting a ‘South Asia Fruit Fly
Network (SAFEN)’. The work to be carried out at
various experimental locations was presented and
discussed by Principal Investigators of respective
centers.
Training and Visits abroad
Prof Amerika Singh’s visit to
Mozambique
A technical team of four experts from the Indian
Council of Agricultural Research including Prof
Amerika Singh, was deputed to visit Mozambique from
April 5-14 , 2003 The purpose of this visit was to
conduct a feasibility study for setting comprehensive
agricultural project under ITEC programme of the
Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.
The specific objectives of the project was to establish
a comprehensive and integrated model in Distt.
Mabalane, Southern Mozambican Province of Gaza.
General Observations:
The team visited the proposed farm site which
measures around 5000 ha. The team was assisted by
designated coordinator Mr. Sancho Cumbi and local
Farm Manager. The proposed project site is located in
Distt. Mabalane of Province Gaza and is about 350 kms.
away from the capital town Maputo. The following
observation of the site was recorded by the team:
The proposed project site is forest land with sandy
soil having traces of evidence of flooding during rainy
season. The entire area of project site is having mainly
bushy plant known as Chanatsi (Colophospermum
mopane), a major fuel source of poor people. This is
angiosperm plant having thick fleshy leaves and
known to be a good source of animal feed.
The water holding capacity of the soil seems to be very
low. The annual rain fall is around 461 mm. whereas
evaporation rate is 3 times higher which major constraint
for grow general crop. The team was taken to the most
productive part of the land where a small amount of
rain water was collected. This rainwater was hardly
adequate to sustain around 100 animals for entire year.
We did not find any traces of traditional agriculture
though some sporadic patches were seem with maize
stakes dried completely. We also found that this land
was earlier possessed by Purtagees, utilized for animal
keeping. This was further confirmed by the abandoned
structure of a tube-well and a big water tank having all
devices of getting drinking water for the cattles. The
construction of building structure supposed to be used
for medicinal treatment of the infected animals showed
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5
that the animal keeping and confirming their practices
in an organized manner. The team found no trace of any
other agricultural activities around this area except
grasses and bushes. However, some robust trees could
be seen which were locally known as Elephant tree. We
were informed that the fruits of the Elephant tree are
used for making some beverages. The team was also keen
to observe local flora and fauna which are good indicators
for prosperous agriculture such as honey bees, birds,
some insect flies, and butterflies. To our utter surprise
such creatures were not observed indicating thereby that
resources for such fauna are not available even in wild
form. Therefore, the team proposed the following land
use planning.
Proposed Land Use Planning
Keeping in view the availability of wild vegetation and
nutritional value of Chanatsi, the expert team felt that
raring of goats particularly for meat production would
be a feasible. Sheep keeping was also proposed but the
idea was dropped because of high temperature and lack
of sufficient surface. It was considered that over grazing
of surface vegetation would further encourage soil
erosion. The team agreed to propose for goat and cow
keeping provided infrastructure facilities available.
It was also felt that to sustain these animal assets,
additional source for supplementary feed is to be
generated through agricultural activities. Sentrus and
Elephant grasses would be ideally suited to generate a
huge pasture land for that will be needed to collect seeds
in sufficient quantity and sprinkle them though aerial
devices during the on set on rainy season so that a thick
grass coverage of these two vegetations can be created
for at least 6 months when sufficient soil moisture
through rain soil moisture is available. To supplement
food available for remaining months, cultivation of
following agricultural crops which are quite drought
tolerant and adopted to semi-ARID to ARID agro ecoclimatic condition is suggested.
Maize – This is to be cultivated during rainy season
and the most ideal variety is African which is known
for its good quality fodder value. The entire harvest
can be possessed through technology for feeding the
cattles during the periods of low natural vegetation.
Sorghum – Sorghum is another fodder crop having
dual purpose value. Sorghum production can be taken
as alternative to maize wherever possible. The grain
can be used to prepare feed concentrates and for animal
feeding.
Cowpea– The team found that cowpea of dual purpose
is the most common crop among the farmers of the project
area. A local variety which has very high resistance to
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drought situation is available. Sufficient seeds of this
variety may be made available from local resources and
taken as nutritious supplement feed for cattles.
Guar – A good number of high yielding varieties bred
by IGFRI Jhansi and HAU for fodder purposes are
available. They may be recommended to be introduced
in Mozambique to meet the nutritional need of cattles.
The fodder requirement round the year can also be made
available by plantation of species recommended for
fodder purpose by the expert institutes like IGFRI,
Jhansi (UP).
Online Database of biopesticides made
available on NCIPM website
(www.ncipm.org.in) :
12 biopesticides have been registered under the
insecticidal act 1968 by GOI and a detailed information
on these biopesticides has been included in the existing
online databases of NCIPM website and the same can
be viewed as http://www.ncipm.org.in/BioPesticides
Registered.htm
Biopesticides Registered under Insecticides Act, 1968
Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki
B. thuringiensis var. galleriae
B. sphaericus
Trichoderma viride
T. harzianum
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Beauveria bassiana
NPV of Helicoverpa armigera
NPV of Spodoptera litura
Neem based pesticides
Cymbopogan
Source: DPPQ&S, Faridabad
Training programme
Fifth National Training Course on Mass
Production Technology of Biological
Control Agents
NCIPM organized the fifth National Training
Course on ‘Mass Production Technology of Biological
Control Agents’ for resource personnel engaged in
research, training and production of bio-agents for
10 days i.e. from 10th to 19th February, 2003. The
objectives of the training were :
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●
●
To provide cutting edge technology to scientists
and research workers already engaged in
production of bio-agents or wanted to learn the
technology
To provide state of art technology to the
entrepreneurial young men who wished to set
up mass production units for biological control
agents
The Training was inaugurated by Dr. S. P. Singh,
former Director, Project Directorate of Biological
Control, Bangalore. In this training programme 22
trainees participated; 8 from Research Institutes, 4
from Agriculture Universities/Colleges, 2 from KVKs
and 8 from Industries, represented 7 states; 1 from
Kerala, 1 from Andhra Pradesh, 1 from Madhya
Pradesh, 9 from Maharashtra, 7 from Delhi, 2 from
U.P. and 2 from Uttaranchal.
production and commercialization of bio-agents are
carried out and at GB Pant Univ. of Agric. and Tech,
Pantnagar which is an advance centre for production
and formulation of antagonistic fungi and bacteria. A
visit was also arranged to Sri Ram Solvent and
Extraction Plant at Jaspur, Kashipur where the
extraction of neem seed is carried out .
During the training programme the participants
interacted with the resource persons to evolve action
plan for increasing mass production of biological
control agents.
Point to Ponder
Lemon Grass (Cymbopogan citrates) was among six
plant forming part of Biblical Herb Garden of Holy
land. As per the scripture (Exodus 30:23) the Lord
delivers the instruction to Moses for the proper ways
to make and use Holy oil. So valued was this oil
that perfume was not even to be made.
Kisan Mela
In this training programme 20 lectures and 5
practical were arranged on different aspects of mass
production and commercialization of laboratory hosts
such as Corcyra cephalonica and Helicoverpa
armigera, parasitoids mainly Trichogramma spp.,
Chelonus blackburni, Cotesia flavipes and Epiricania
melanoleuca, predators mainly Chrysoperla carnea
and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Entomopathogenic
and Antagonisti fungi such as Beauveria bassiana,
Metarrhizium anisopliae, Nomurae rileyi,,
Trichoderma spp, Bacteria mainly Bacillus
thuringiensis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, NPV and
Entopathogenic nematodes. The lectures also included
the storage, transport and field releases of bio-agents,
registration of bio pesticides and use of neem for the
management of crop pests. The resource persons
included the scientists from NCIPM, IARI,
Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine,
GBPUA&T and SVBPUA& T.
A Kisan Mela was organized at village Wazirpur, Distt.
Gurgaon (Haryana) on March 5, 2003. About 125
farmers participated in the mela. Scientists from
different fields; Pathology, Entomology, Agronomy,
Vegetables and floriculture were present as experts in
the Kisan Goshti. The farmers asked a number of
questions about the problems they faced in different
crops (mustard, vegetables and flowers). Different
biocontrol agents and posters of IPM in oilseeds and
vegetables were also exhibited in the Kisan mela to
popularize the ecofriendly Integrated Pest Management
Technology among the farmers. The different aspects
i.e. importance of IPM, IPM in mustard and vegetables,
conservation of natural enemies in the field, weed
control in the wheat crop, judicious use of chemical
pesticides and optimum use of fertilizers based upon
soil testing were dealt in detail.
During the training field visits were arranged to
Biocontrol Laboratory at Division of Entomology, IARI
where more than 30 cultures of different parasitoids
and predators are being maintained, at SVBP
University of Ag. & Tech., Modipuram where mass
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7
Women of the year 2003Award
One of the major “”and leading authorities on the
biographies of distinguished individuals worldwide,
the American Biographical Institute, USA has selected
Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Singh (Principal Scientist, Pl.
Pathology) based on her outstanding accomplishments
to date and the noble example she has set for her peers
and entire community.
Other News
Promotions
Transfer and Joining
Sh. Naved Sabir (Nematology) and Dr. Mukesh Sehgal
(Nematology) have been promoted as Scientist (SG)
and Senior Scientist, respectively.
Sh. J.P. Malik, A.O. was relieved on transfer to IARI,
New Delhi on 5.4.2003 (A/N).
Sh. Shambhu Dutt joined as A.O. at NCIPM on
5.4.2003 (A/N).
Priced Publications of NCIPM
Sr.No. Title
1.
Resource Inventory on IPM, 1997
S.N.Puri, K.S. Murthy, O.P. Sharma
2.
Distribution Maps of Insect Pests and Diseases of Rice Crop in India, 1998
S.N.Puri, Tapti Banerjee, V.K. Baranwal, Surender Kumar, K,S. Sunderasharma
3.
Hand Book on Diagnosis and Integrated Management of Cotton Pests, 1998
S.N.Puri, O.P. Sharma, K.S. Murthy and Sheo Raj
4.
Pesticide Database Information System, 1999 (Software Version 2.0 (3.5” floppy)
S.N. Puri, P.V. Verma
5.
Database on Plant Protection Recommendations for Agricultural Crops in India- Part-1, 1999
S.N.Puri, Surender Kumar, O.P. Sharma, Tapti Banerjee
6.
Database on Plant Protection Recommendations for Agricultural Crops in India- Part-II, 2001
Surender Kumar, O.P. Sharma, P. Kumar, R.N. Singh, S.N.Puri, Amerika Singh
7.
Resource Manual on validation and Promotion of IPM, 2001
Amerika Singh, T.P. Trivedi, H.R. Sardana, A. Dhandapani, Naved Sabir
8.
Resource Manual on Validation and Promotion of IPM, 2002. (Software Version 1.0 (CD).
Amerika Singh, T.P. Trivedi, H.R. Sardana, A. Dhandapani, Naved Sabir
Electronic format : A. Dhandapani, Vivek Dubey
Price*
Rs. 60.00
Rs. 75.00
Rs. 105.00
Rs. 100.00
Rs. 250.00
Rs. 250.00
Rs. 400.00
Rs. 150.00
9.
Distribution Maps of Insect Pests and Diseases of Cotton Crop in India, 2002
A.K. Kanojia, Surender Kumar, T. Promila Devi, T.P. Trivedi, Amerika Singh,
K,S. Sunderasharma, K. Natarajan, A.D. Pawar
Rs. 475.00
10.
IPM Technology for Rainfed Cotton, 2002
Amerika Singh, O.P. Sharma, R.C. Lavekar, O.M. Bambawale, K.S. Murthy,
A. Dhandapani
Rs. 150.00
* Prices are inclusive of postal charges.
The demand draft may be drawn in the favour of “ICAR Unit-NCIPM” payable at New Delhi.
The request for the above mentioned priced publications may be sent to :
The Director,
National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, LBS Building IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi-110012.
Ph. 25843935-36 Fax: 25841472 Email: ipmnet@bol.net.in.
Newsletter editorial committee : Drs. O.P. Sharma, A. Dhandapani and Sumitra Arora
Computer layout: S. Nagarajan
Published by: Prof. Amerika Singh, Director,
National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, LBS Building, IARI Campus, New Delhi 110 012.
Email: ipmnet@bol.net.in Internet: http://www.ncipm.org.in
Ph: 011-25843935/6, 25740951, 25843985. Fax: 011-25841472.
June 2003.
(500 copies).
8
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