Rotorcraft ASIAS - HAI Heli-Expo - Helicopter Association International

Rotorcraft ASIAS
(Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing)
Brian Haggerty - HAI
Cliff Johnson - FAA
Kipp Lau - HAI
Keith Cianfrani - FIT
Kyle Collins - GT
Presentation Outline
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Program Overview and Background
Overview of R-ASIAS system
Overview of FDM (Flight Data Monitoring)
Review of Operator Interface and Architecture
Overview Research Efforts
How to Participate
Questions
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Federal Aviation Administration
CLIFF JOHNSON
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PEGASAS Description
• PEGASAS = The Partnership to Enhance General Aviation Safety,
Accessibility and Sustainability (PEGASAS) is a Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) Center of Excellence for General Aviation.
• Established: Dec. 2012; constitutes a 10-year partnership with the
FAA.
• Mission: The mission of PEGASAS is to enhance general aviation
safety, accessibility, and sustainability by partnering the FAA with a
national network of world-class researchers, educators and industry
leaders.
• Linkage to Rotorcraft ASIAS: PEGASAS supports Rotorcraft ASIAS
research efforts by providing world-class researchers well-versed in
causal modeling, data mining, analysis, and prototype software
application development. PEGASAS is examining new ways to
analyze and implement FDM techniques within the overall
helicopter community (i.e. safety tools, policies, metrics, etc.).
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What is Rotorcraft ASIAS?
• A system for secure, confidential, and protected
safety analysis of flight data records
• Supported by the FAA in its mission to promote
and advance flight safety
• Participating Operators are the key stakeholders,
users and beneficiaries of the system
• Developed and maintained by an independent 3rd
party with strong ties to operators and industry
(HAI)
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Why Rotorcraft ASIAS
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U.S. Helicopter Fatal Accident & Fatality Rates
*CY 14,
Jan-Jul Only
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Rotorcraft ASIAS Overview
• How can we encourage and cultivate participation in this vital
R&D effort among helicopter operators, manufacturers, and
other stakeholders for safety purposes (i.e. How can you help
us help you to increase safety in your daily operations?)
– Solicit Helicopter Flight Data Monitoring (HFDM) data for ASIAS across
representative mission types
– Encourage Helicopter Subject Matter Expert Advice/Input (i.e. Pilots, Safety
Analysts, etc.) towards R&D activities and working groups
– Promote benefits of contributing data to ASIAS
Knowledge of “what you don’t know” (i.e. hidden risks/dangers) only
visible via sharing of information among parties
Ability to promote increased situational awareness and safety within
helicopter operations
Incorporate new safety analysis tools into helicopter operations
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Rotorcraft ASIAS
Research Team Members
(Lead PEGASAS school)
Cliff Johnson
Rotorcraft ASIAS Technical Monitor
FAA WJHTC Atlantic City, NJ
Prof. Dimitri Mavris – PI
Hernando Jimenez, Ph.D. – Co-PI
Kyle Collins, Ph.D.
Simon Briceno, Ph.D.
Alek Gravilovski
Prof. Karen Marais – PI
Prof. Inseok Hwang – Co-PI
Arjun Rao
Sanghyun Shin
Ed DiCampli, Chief Operating Officer– PI
Harold Summers, Director of Flight Operations
Brian Haggerty, Deputy Director of Flight Operations
Jay Clark, Manager, Information Systems
Kipp Lau, RASIAS FDM Consultant
Scott Collins, RASIAS IT Consultant
Prof. Steve Cusick – PI
Keith Cianfrani
Gabrielle Landry
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Concept of Rotorcraft ASIAS
Rotorcraft ASIAS
All Missions
Flight Training
Charter
EMS
Oil/Gas
Logging
Police
News
Cargo Lift
…
Participating Operators
Own-Access User
FAA, Sponsor
Secure
System
Database
Analysis Toolkit
Interface & Display
Aggregate
Results
De-identified Data Access User
System Developer
& Administrator
Analysis
Tools
Visualizations,
Algorithms, Event
Definitions
PEGASAS Research Team for Rotorcraft ASIAS
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Helicopter FDM Data Gathering & Analysis for
ASIAS (Rotorcraft ASIAS) Research Question
Research Requirement
Outcomes
Outputs
Implementation Plan
• Rotorcraft ASIAS methodology & integration plan
• Develop advisory materials.
• “The U.S. Helicopter Safety Team has identified a goal of an
80% reduction in the helicopter accident rate (2006-2016),
with a long-term vision of zero tolerance = zero accidents. The
#1 proposed solution in order to reach this goal is the
adoption of Rotorcraft FDM across the industry.”
• Research question: How do we develop tools, techniques,
policies, and procedures that enable the sharing and analysis
of rotorcraft FDM data within ASIAS?
• Sponsor: Mark Liptak/AVP-200
• Performer: Cliff Johnson/ANG-E272.
• Collection of FDM Data for Rotorcraft ASIAS
• Mission-Specific FDM parameters & exceedances
• Quantification of undesired rotorcraft events
• Helicopter FDM parameter portfolios
• Rotorcraft safety data mining techniques
• Contribution to the reduction of the helicopter & general
aviation fatal accident rates (FAA Destination 2025 Plan).
• Expansion of ASIAS safety initiatives to the rotorcraft
communities.
• Outreach efforts to contribute to the reduction of the
GA/rotorcraft fatal accident rate.
• Development of new Tools & Techniques for the Helicopter
Community to conduct safety analyses in accordance with
proper ASIAS Executive Board & USHST governance structures.
• Expand ASIAS to additional participants.
• Disseminate best practices/guidance material for Rotorcraft
FDM
• Revise Rotorcraft training materials.
• Support U.S. Helicopter Safety Team (USHST) initiatives.
• Rotorcraft ASIAS prototype system
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Helicopter Association International
KIPP LAU
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What is Flight Data Monitoring (FDM)
• “Snapshots” of various airborne parameters
recorded at least 1X/second
• Data is recorded by dedicated hardware that
monitors parameters and records them to
media for later access
• Parameters are recorded and can be
evaluated to indicate exceedances
• Multiple parameters can be combined to
identify events
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HFDM programs: Pre 2009
(individual “silos”)
Aircraft
ERA
Sector:
CHC
Bristo
w
Cougar
PHI
Others
Oil and Gas
S-76, S-92
SA-365/EC155, AS332/EC225,
EC135
BH412 BH212 BH206
ACH
HEMS
Aircraft
S-76C+
Others
HFDM programs: 2009-2014
(IHST HeliShare)
Aircraft
S-76, S-92
ERA
Bristo
w
PHI
Sector:
CHC
CHI
SA-365/EC155, AS332/EC225,
EC145, EC135
BH412, BH212, BH407 BH206
Cougar
Shell
Metro
Chevro
n
Oil and Gas
Etc…
PHI
HEMS
Air
Method
s
ACH
Aircraft
EC145, EC135
S-76C+
BH407
Others
HFDM programs: 2015 and beyond
(R-ASIAS conceptual)
ERA
CHC
7Bar
CHI
CalStar
Bristo
w
PHI
Sector:
Cougar
Chevro
n
Oil and Gas
Shell
MedFlt
AMG
H
Metro
PHI
HEMS
Boston
MedFlt
Air
Method
s
ACH
Others
…
Las
Vegas
PD
Fairfax
Co.
Others
Parameters, Rates & Exceedances
What events might they help diagnose?
• Loss of Control
• Loss of tail rotor
effectiveness
• Unstabilized Approach
• Autorotation
• Tailstrike
• Abnormal Runway Contact
• Ground Collision Proximity
Warning/Controlled Flight
Into Terrain
• Ground Resonance
• Flight Control System
Failures
• Instrument Failures
• Engine Failures
• Rotor Shaft Failures
• Excess Loading (G-Forces)
• Weather (Turbulence,
Winds hear, Microburst,
Thunderstorm, etc.)
• Outside of the Envelope
Flight
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How is the Data Utilized?
• Algorithms based on various combinations of
even basic recorded parameters can re-create
a flight or event in the flight
• Aggregation can be accomplished by operator,
mission segment or aircraft type to well define
“normal operations”
• Large batches of flight data can be scanned
quickly to identify operations outside of
normal parameters
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Big data is about challenges and
opportunities
Characteristics
• Growing quantity of
data
• Quickening speed of
data generation
• Increase in types of
data
• Veracity of the data
Opportunities
• Making better informed
decisions
• Discovering hidden
insights, Anomalies,
forensics, patterns and
trends
• Automation
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Operator Process
Operator
Operator
Automated
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IT Architecture of Rotorcraft ASIAS
Presentation / Web Tier
...
Web server presenting pages to end users and dispatching/scheduling workload to the application layer
Application Layer
...
Query data, provide analysis and return results to presentation layer
Data Tier
RDBMS Cluster
HADOOP MapR Cluster
File Server cluster
External
Data
Sources
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Guiding Principles
• Robust computer, network, systems, data and IT
security are paramount to a successful R-ASIAS
implementation
• Security best practices and capabilities have been
designed into the systems architecture from the
very start to assure a comprehensive approach to
this critical capability
Data Access
• Voluntary sharing of information (only within the research team
via signed non-disclosure agreements) for research purposes
• Operators sign agreements with HAI, HAI has signed agreements
with PEGASAS (university community)
• HFDM data secured and protected from unauthorized disclosure
including de-identification of data
Computer
Systems Security
• FISMA – Federal Information Security Management Act
RASIAS will follow guidelines, standards and best
practices as outlined by FISMA
• Access – Understand how data access is
granted, who it is granted to and what they
have access to
• Encryption – End to end encryption of all data
during communication as well as encryption of
sensitive “data at rest”
• Integrity – Measure and validate data integrity
Systems & Data Security is a Process
Security Toolkit
• Firewalls
• Software Updates
• User Access Rules
• Active Logging
• Log Auditing
• Encryption
• Authentication
Continuous Process
Build
Innovate
Audit
Secure
Test
Benefits to Participation
• Gain insight into how your flight practices
compare in the industry
• Potential to increase safety by examining flight
profiles
• Examine flight profiles to facilitate noise
abatement
• Provide anonymous data to increase industry
wide understanding of flight profiles
• Potential to decrease insurance costs
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Florida Institute of Technology
LTC (RET) KEITH M CIANFRANI, MAS, RSP
Georgia Institute of Technology
KYLE COLLINS, Ph.D.
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Overview of Rotorcraft ASIAS RE&D Efforts
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Examine HFDM process
Develop rotorcraft ASIAS architecture
Devise HFDM data mining techniques
Develop novel tools for safety analysis
Study HFDM events
– Minimum list SME vetted events
(parameters, rates, exceedances)
– Mission specific events
Analysis
Flight tests
• Develop data enhanced helicopter
simulation models
– New event discovery
– Performance envelope margin analysis
– Missing parameter estimates
• Secure operators
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Benchmarking the State of
the Art of Rotorcraft FDM
Literature Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rotorcraft Safety
Key Stakeholders
Lessons Learned and Success Stories
FDM Systems
Regulations, Policy, Technical Standards
Reported Benefits and Costs
• ~130 documents/ reports reviewed
• ~55 included in review
• Two SME reviews, 3 incremental revisions
Benchmarking of the FDM Process
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Background
Typical FDM Process
Planning and Preparation
Steering Committee
FDM Reporting
Challenges and Solutions for Smaller
Operators
7. HFDM Best Practices
R-ASIAS Architecting and
Development
Architecting of Rotorcraft ASIAS System
1. Development and refinement of concept of
operations
2. Requirements analysis
3. Tool mock-ups and use cases
4. Analysis prototyping and algorithm
definition
5. Visualization
Secure Operator Participation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Establish relationship with R-ASIAS users
Articulate value proposition
Facilitate execution of agreements with HAI
Develop IRB protocols and support infrastructure for
ethical research with “human data”
5. Capture the voice of participating operators in the
development of system capabilities
Although the FAA has sponsored this project, it neither endorses nor rejects the findings of this research. The presentation of
this information is in the interest of invoking technical community comment on the results and conclusions of the research."
Review and Advancement of FDM Events, Parameters,
Rates and Exceedances
Identify and Review Additional Events, Parameters, and
Exceedances
Identify FDM Data Processing Techniques
1.
2.
3.
4.
Examine and document data processing
Sparseness and aberrant entries
Correction measures
Recommendations for data processing and storage
1. SME approach – engagement with operators and experts
2. Taxonomical approach – mapping of safety space and FDM events
to discover gaps
3. Data-based approach – Data mining and new trend-discovery
algorithms
Review Current Events, Parameters, Rates and
Exceedances
1. Compiled repository of FDM event, parameter, and threshold
definitions
2. Compiled repository of FDR equipment and recording rates
3. Referenced from published HFDM studies and operator FDM
program information
Generic Event
Name
Excessive Roll
Angle
Excessive Roll
Angle
Excessive Roll
Rate
Excessive Roll
Rate
Excessive Roll
Rate
Defined Event Name
(explicitly defined thresholds)
Excessive Roll Attitude Below
500 ft AGL
Radio Height,
Absolute (Roll Angle)
Flight
Phase
OG,
HV,TR,APP
CICTT Phase of
Flight
Low
Altitude/Hover
Excessive Bank
Roll
Air
Maneuvering
High Roll Rate Above 500 ft
AGL
High Roll Rate Below 500 ft
AGL
Radio Height,
Absolute (Roll Angle)
Radio Height,
Absolute (Roll Angle)
Air
Maneuvering
OG
Low
Altitude/Hover
Excessive Roll Rate
Roll rate
Air
Maneuvering
Parameters
Category
Crew action
- Control
Crew action
- Control
Crew action
- Control
Crew action
- Control
Crew action
- Control
Analysis of FDM Voice and Video Recordings
1. Benchmark CVR state of the art
2. Develop video pattern recognition capabilities
3. Video-based attitude indicator as complement to flight data
records
Although the FAA has sponsored this project, it neither endorses nor rejects the findings of this research. The presentation of 30
this information is in the interest of invoking technical community comment on the results and conclusions of the research."
Safety Tools Survey and Opportunities for Flight Data Utilization
Safety Software
1. Survey and review of FDM, Risk Management Systems (RMS)
and Safety Management Systems (SMA) software
2. Identification and prioritization of analysis features for
enhanced FDM capabilities
3. Prototyping of enhanced FDM capabilities
Data Fusion
1. Survey and review of existing aviation databases
2. Prototyping of safety enhancements through data fusion
Safety Metrics
1. Exhaustive survey and review of aviation safety metrics
2. Prototyping of identified safety metrics based on FDM records
Data-enhanced Performance Models
1. Performance models can greatly enhance FDM programs:
• Review event definitions, identify/define new events
• Examine performance envelope, back off safety margins
• Infer parameter values when data is missing or corrupt
2. Develop rotorcraft models and capability to calibrate with
operator’s flight data records
Mapping Accident Cause to Exceedances
1. Mapping of accidents to exceedances benefits safety and risk
studies, directs attention to critical FDM events
2. Analysis of accident data, assess severity and frequency
3. Risk-mapping of accidents to occurrences with statistical
analysis
4. Mapping of FDM events to occurrences with SME input
Although the FAA has sponsored this project, it neither endorses nor rejects the findings of this research. The presentation of
this information is in the interest of invoking technical community comment on the results and conclusions of the research."
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Design and Analysis of FDM Equipment Flight
Experiments
Support Operators with Small or Partial FDM Programs
1. Support FAA in the design of flight tests to investigate
variations in equipment and installation
2. Conduct analysis of effects and from flight test data to
determine the settings with optimal results and least variability
Flight tests
Analysis
1. Produce recommendations of resources and tools for smaller
operators with small or partial FDM programs
2. Whenever possible, procure some of these resources
3. Emphasis on maximum impact and benefit
• What does a full/complete FDM program look like?
• What do FDM programs of small operators look like in reality?
What are they missing? What makes them “partial”?
• How can operators with a small or partial FDM program be
supported? What support options offer the most benefit at the
least expense?
Recorder and installation design of experiments
Study of Data Mining Techniques for FDM Applications
1. Exhaustive survey and review of data mining and current
applications to FDM
2. Prototyping of “proven” data mining approaches
3. Development and prototyping of novel data mining algorithms
4. All capabilities made available to participating operators
“New” safety conditions identified with
unsupervised machine learning algorithm
Conditions identified with event definitions
Although the FAA has sponsored this project, it neither endorses nor rejects the findings of this research. The presentation of 32
this information is in the interest of invoking technical community comment on the results and conclusions of the research."
Benefits to Participation
• Research and Development Phase
– During the formative years, industry SMEs have the
opportunity to provide feedback on program structure
and governance (ex. Qualifications of Helicopter Issue
Analysis Team members)
– Opportunity through industry working group
(PEGASAS|HAI outreach) to provide input that will
ultimately lead to HFDM system improvements:
Common recorded parameter sets
Increased number and fidelity of recorded parameters
Advanced algorithms used to analyze rotorcraft ops
Improvements in analysis tools
Benefits to Participation
•
ASIAS Implementation Phase
– Opportunity to participate in data collection activities that may lead to future
improved operational safety and efficiencies.
– Opportunity to participate in industry info sharing activities (InfoShare) that
leads to additional safety enhancements.
– Opportunity to use ASIAS info to identify threats (beyond internal reporting)
– Similar to the CAST model, a collaboration of industry and government experts
provide input on directed studies to solve issues in the NAS. Rotorcraft specific
issues could include:
Operations around oil rigs (gas discharges)
Electronic news gathering ops
Helicopter Air Ambulance ops
Tour operators (traffic conflicts)
Benefits to Participation
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ASIAS Mature Phase
– Opportunity to compare operations (metrics) to other like or dissimilar operators by
(through ASIAS portal):
Region, Aircraft Type, Mission Profile, Etc.
– Opportunity to learn from advanced studies which fuse data from multiple sources:
ATC, Weather, Other operators of similar and dissimilar aircraft (GA to airliners),
TAWS alerts, TCAS alerts, Terrain maps, Etc.
– Operators benefit from airspace improvements (examples)
NORCAL (min vectoring altitudes over Mt. Diablo)
SOCAL (improved VFR corridors near Burbank)
– Operators benefit from infrastructure and procedural improvements (examples)
Newark (rough runways)
Orlando (unstable approaches due to underlying GA airport)
Albuquerque (VFR approach procedures to avoid TAWS alerts)
Rotorcraft ASIAS Timeline
Research Prototype || Full Integration with ASIAS
Develop Rotorcraft ASIAS System
Requirements analysis, system architecting and design,
implementation, standards for data formatting/processing
prototyping, testing, incremental delivery of tools and
capabilities, integration with existing ASIAS communities
Secure Operator Participation
Develop governance, establish agreements, insure data
protection and confidentiality, test and monitor data
transfer, elicit operator feedback, ensure and monitor value
added to operators, enhance system to meet emerging
operator needs
Support Rotorcraft ASIAS Research
Establish generic event set, identify event set gaps,
video/audio processing, safety metrics, software
capabilities, data fusion, accident mapping, performance
models, FDM flight testing, data mining and knowledge
discovery with FDM data
Conduct Outreach and Community Engagement
Establish outreach efforts within the Helicopter Community,
present research topics & results at Heli-Expo, industry
forums/events, HFDM Working Groups, mitigation partner
2013
2015
2017
2019
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Summary / Next Steps
• Interact and engage with operators
• Site visits to discuss details, learn about your
needs and see how we can add value to your
operations
• Establish data agreements
• Participate
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How To Participate
This project will combine data analysis and engagement with rotorcraft
stakeholders and subject matter experts to review the state of the art of
Rotorcraft Flight Data Management (FDM)
Contact Us
General Information or to participate
Email: rasias@rotor.com
Website: https://www.pegasas.aero/projects.php?p=2
FAA Sponsoring Office:
Cliff Johnson
Email: charles.c.johnson@faa.gov
Phone: (609) 485-6181
System Safety Section, ANG-E272
Aviation Research Division
William J. Hughes Technical Center
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Questions?
Presenters
• Brian Haggerty – HAI
– Phone: (703) 683-4646
– Email: brian.haggerty@rotor.com
•
Cliff Johnson - FAA
•
Kipp Lau – HAI
•
LTC (ret) Keith M Cianfrani - FIT
•
Kyle Collins, Ph.D. - GT
– Phone: (609) 485-6181
– Email: charles.c.johnson@faa.gov
– Phone: (502) 649-3211
– Email: stuart.lau3@gmail.com
– Phone: (267) 377-5364
– Email: kcianfrani2013@my.fit.edu
– Phone: (404) 385-2786
– Email: kbc@gatech.edu
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