Volume 8 Number 3

M O N K E Y
primate care
M A T T E R S
V O L U M E
8
N U M B E R
3,
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W E B
primate health
June / July / August 2002
V E R S I O N
primate
Vol. 8
news
Number 3
Publication of the International Primate Association
Centerfold: Two New Titi Monkeys
A Monkey’s
MiniRainforest
page 19
New
Kidz!
pages
6,10, 16
Macaque
Factoids
page 27
for people who care about primates...
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We support responsible monkey ownership and the right to be
fairly regulated in every state!
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For purposes of these terms and condiMaybe you have read or heard or have been told
tions of use, the use of any such material on
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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Editors
Diane Sage
Janein Dunn
Contributing Editors
Patricia Blancaneau
Christine Ryan
Staff Photographers
Marcia Gaunt
Board of Advisors
Scott R. King
Rick Storrs, PhD
Bill Walker, Esq.
Buck Farmer, Esq.
Horacio Rilo, M.D.
Monkey Matters is a publication of the International Primate Association and is published by ILM Graphics &
Publishing Co. Monkey Matters and the International Primate Association are not affiliated with any other
primate organizations or businesses, including brokerages or sanctuaries. Articles, photos, drawings and
advertisements do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Monkey Matters as a whole and publication
does not indicate endorsement. All information and artwork is copyrighted unless copy rights revert to
authors. Written, photo, art and video material may not be reproduced in whole or part without express
permission from Monkey Matters magazine. Articles, photos and letters are welcome.
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"Sam" The squirrel
monkey. See Monkeys
In Action, Your Photos,
page 22
In This Issue.....
Copyright / Terms Of Use.............................................2
Contents.......................................................................3
Monkey Mailbox--Letters To The Editor........................4,5,6
Belated Birthday Monkey..............................................5
New Kidz!.........................................................6, 10, 15, 16
Understanding Nutrition: Summer Fruits......................7
Your Monkey’s Amygdala............................................11
Farewell Sofie.............................................................14
The Beautiful Cat Ba Langur.......................................16
Useful Products: Colloidal Silver..................................17
VIP’s: Very Important Primates....................................17
Ask Our Veterinarians.................................................18
Body Language 101....................................................19
Monkey See, Monkey Do.............................................21
A Monkey’s Mini-Rainforest.........................................23
How Many Communication Displays?..........................24
Enrichment!.................................................................25
Macaque Factoids........................................................27
Our Anthropomorphic Best..........................................28
New Titi Monkeys........................................................29
Focus On: Two New Species.......................................30
Monkeys In Action--Your Photos..................................32
Nutrition: Monkey Chow................................................33
Parting Shots, Your Photos..........................................35
Mandatory Information, A Letter To New Readers........35
Primate Placement Service...........................................36
Monkey Matters Complete Guide To Care & Behavior..37
Centerfold: Two New
Titis”!....Page 29
Body Language 101
. . . Page 19
Nutrition:Monkey
Chow . . . Page 33
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Dear Monkey Matters,
I had subscribed to Monkey Matters and received
my first copy. Soon after you put Monkey Matters on
line. I love having it on line, but, I can’t print it. I
managed to print one issue, but couldn’t print 7 or 8.
What has changed or what am I doing wrong. I like to
keep my Monkey Matters Magazine in a binder for reference. We have a black and white capuchin, age 1 1/2
years old.
Thanks,
Louise H
Dear Louise,
When printing from Acrobat, do not use the browser print command. Instead, click on the
printer icon in the Acrobat toolbar. This should solve the problem. Editor
Dear Monkey Matters,
Do you know where to get a woolly monkey? Or do you know any breeders of woolly
monkeys??
Thanks,
Anonymous
(Editor’s note: No, I’m sorry. We don’t. Woolly monkeys are endangered, so although many
people are interested in them, that is part of the reason they are not available.)
Dear Monkey Matters,
I have enjoyed your magazine in the last few months...however this last issue I have
attempted to download and print...I have never had a problem with the others but for some
reason It doesn’t take minutes to download it takes apparently hours...I have been sitting here
waiting and waiting...is there any reason why this issue is taking so long...It used to take just
30 min to download and print...any suggestions would help...thanks...Lisa
Dear Lisa,
All the issues are about the same size and should take about the same time to download. It
Cover monkey “Jonny” is a juvenile capuchin who was handraised from an infant. Capuchins are highly intelligent primates
with semi-prehensile tails and excellent manual dexterity. Monkey mom Joie says that Jonny is very protective of her. He plays
well with several Java macaque monkey pals, old male “Sonny”
and two females, “Java” and “Sheena”. (Photo from Joie).
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(Monkey Mailbox, continued)
may be that your server was busy and your connection was slower than usual. We at Monkey
Matters have a cable internet connection. It takes less than one minute to download the
magazine. You might want to look in to getting a faster connection (for visiting Monkey Matters and enjoying all your other favorite sites as well). Editor
Hello,
My name is Carol and I am very interested in sharing our home with another monkey. At
this time we have a 6 year old male Java named Roady. He is a sweet boy but would love I am
sure a companion. We have had Roady for a little over a year and he has a home here
forever. We have also had experience with a female rhesus that we had for 10 months and 2
caps we raised for Helping Hands. Felix was with us from the time he turned 8 months old till
(Continued)
Belated Birthday Monkey
Monkey mom Judy says pretty cinnamon capuchin “Heidi” (making the capuchin open-mouthed threat face at the photographer),
turned 7 years old in April. Happy Birthday Heidi!
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(Monkey Mailbox, continued)
he was 10. Donnie came to us at 4 years old and we had him until he was 12. They both went
back to Helping Hands for training. We also have 2 very good vets.
As a young girl my family had a squirrel monkey. She was there before I was born and
died when I was in my late teens. Roady has an 8 by 10 by 4 play cage. There is a second
cage the same size hooked to it with a connecting door. He uses both sides right now but if we
were to get a second monk the door can be closed so they can groom threw the wire but can
get away from each other if they need their own space. We also have a 3 by 5 by 5 sleeping
cage and a big outdoor exercise cage.
This spring we plan to remodel a huge corn crib into a second outdoor area. I know a Java
would be our best choice since Roady is a Java but would be willing to consider any monk
who needs a permanent home. I would love a snugly little baby but would rather give a home
to an older monk who needs one. Well I have rambled enough. PLEASE keep us in mind.
Thank You again, Carol A
New
Kidz!
Called the red-tailed guenon, (AKA Schmidt’s spot-nosed guenon), this monkey with a rust colored tail is lively and engaging. Even youngsters have the rust
coloring in their tails. This baby of several months still centers his play around
mom. (Photo from Sandy)
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ke this adult
li
s
y
e
k
n
o
m
l
them
Squirre
but don’t let
it
u
r
f
e
v
lo
female
over do it!
Understanding Nutrition
Summer Fruits
If there is one type of food universal to wild living monkeys, it’s produce. From
leaves and shoots to fruits and buds, these monkeys learn to eat foods that
are less tasty than what we offer them in captivity. “jungle fruits” that are plentiful are often lowering natural sugar than cultivated fruits. Too much fruit can
cause watery stools, weight problems, “spoiled tastebuds” (lack of desire for
protein and vegetables because they get hooked on the sweet taste) and in
some cases can be part of what helps lead monkeys to metabolic problems
like Type 2 diabetes. It’s important to feed monkeys fruit in small amounts and
not feed them exclusively, such as an all fruit meal.
However, fresh fruits are valuable nutritionally and should be included in your
monkey’s diet on a daily basis. A great deal of research is under way to study
how fruits and vegetables can protect against diseases and the natural heal(Continued on next page)
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(Continued)
ing powers they offer.
In nature, purple is a colorful
clue to a powerful group. The
anthocyanins, for example,
that give grapes and plums
their purple/violet color offer
pain relief.
Adult spot-nosed guenon eating berries.
Research also has shown
that a person eating just 10
bing cherries can have the
same analgesic effect as an
aspirin, so monkeys need
fewer, according to their size.
Fruits not only taste good but
require minimal preparation
and are fat free and excellent
sources of vitamins and fiber.
Vitamin C, found in many
summer fruits, is an antioxidant that boosts your
monkey’s immune system to fight diseases and helps in the repair and growth
of cells. The fiber in fruit also is believed to reduce the risks for cancer.
Some fruits are good sources of Vitamin A, also known as beta carotene,
which helps repair the body’s tissues and improves your primate’s eyesight.
Experts say that fresh fruit offers the greatest health benefits. Fruit juices are
concentrated in calories and often lead to weight gain in monkeys who stay on
large juice bottles.
Canned fruits often are packed in sugar. If you buy them as monkeys food,
use fruits packed in natural juice and drain the juice off before feeding.
·
Apples — Apples are a good source of fiber and Vitamin C. One medium apple is about 80 calories, yet it contains about 15 percent of the
daily recommended allowance of dietary fiber.
·
Blackberries — A half-cup of blackberries is only 37 calories. But this
size serving is packed with Vitamin C and fiber.
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Strawberries — High in Vitamin C, strawberries also are a good source of
fiber.
Blueberries — At about 80 calories per cup, blueberries are an excellent
source of Vitamin C and fiber. A one-cup serving provides 30 percent of
the daily recommended allowance of Vitamin C.
·
Cantaloupe — You’ll have to look hard to find a fruit that is a better source
of Vitamins A and C. A quarter of a cantaloupe — about 56 calories —
offers 100 percent of the daily recommended allowance of vitamins A and
C. Cantaloupe is also a good source of potassium.
·
Cherries — Cherries are a good source of Vitamin C and fiber. A one-cup
serving is about 90 calories, and it offers 12 percent of the daily recommended allowance of fiber.
·
Figs — Figs are a good source of fiber. Three medium figs — about 120
calories — offer almost 20 percent of the daily recommended allowance of
fiber.
·
Peaches — Peaches are a good source of vitamins A and C and fiber. One
C a p u c h i n
Jonny looking
at his monkey
Mom Joie.
6
me
Gimme so
fruit Mom!
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raw peach has approximately 37 calories and 10
percent of the daily recommended allowance of
Vitamin
C.
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Yummm!
·
Plums — Two medium
plums are about 80 calories and offer 20 percent
of the daily recommended allowance of Vitamin
C.
·
Watermelon — Watermelon is high in Vitamin
C and a good source of
Vitamin A. Watermelon
also is an excellent source of lycopene, an antioxidant proven to help
neutralize free radicals that can damage the body’s cells.....
New
Kidz!
About 6 months old in this photo,
cocky new kid “Jake” is a
mangabey. Mangabeys have 32
teeth and are suited to a varied
diet. Like other Old World primates, they have cheek
pouches in which to store extra
food. Mangabeys need spacious housing and can easily
leap 12 to 15 feet if they have a
springy branch or a soft spot to
land on. (See more of Jake later
in this issue.)
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Your Monkey’s
Amygdala
When the primate’s amygdala ( an
area of the brain) receives nerve
signals indicating a threat, it sends
out signals that trigger defensive
behavior, autonomic arousal (usually
including rapid heartbeat and raised
blood pressure),
hypoalgesia
(a diminished capacity to feel
pain), somatic reflex
potentiation
(such as an
exaggerated
startle reflex), and
pituitaryadrenal axis
stimulation
(production
of stress
hormones).
These
physical
changes are
accompanied by the
emotion of fear.
It started out as a very rapid method
of for your monkey to detect danger
and is of high survival value.
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Another part of the amygdala, the
central nucleus, is the portion responsible for sending out the signals
to trigger the “fight or flight” response.
Your monkey’s amygdala is a part of
the brain. It’s an almond-shaped neuro
structure involved in producing and responding to nonverbal signs of anger,
avoidance, defensiveness, and fear.
This small mass
of gray matter
that inspires aversive cues, such
as the freeze reaction, sweaty
palms (which capuchins sometimes have), and
the tense-mouth
display
(Old
World monkeys
in particular display the tense
mouth).
The
amygdala is a
primeval arousal
center, originating in early fishes,
which is central to
the expression of
negative emotions in human
and nonhuman
primates..
What’s an
“amygdala”?
If you want to see the monkey’s
amygdala in action, it will be reflected
in many gestures such as turmoil over
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being taken on a car ride to the vet. Your monkey will unconsciously flex our
arms, lean away, or angle away from anyone who upsets him. Lip, neck, and
shoulder muscles may tense, as the monkey’s amygdala activates brain-stem
circuits designed to produce protective facial expressions like the tense mouth
and protective postures like the crouch. The amygdala also prompts releases of
adrenaline and other hormones into the blood
stream, thus stepping-up Young squirrel
an avoider’s response monkey “Emily”
and disrupting the control (Photo from Rob)
of rational thought.
The amygdala coordinates the actions of the
autonomic and endocrine systems and is involved in emotions.” The
amygdala may be part of
a “general-purpose defense response control
network”.
Unpleasant odors are
also found to activate the
amygdala and the cortex
in the temporal lobe of
the brain.
In Old World monkeys
and apes, tense-mouth
expressions convey
threat and dominance.
Monkeys and apes perSquirrel monkeys have amygdalas too.....
form the tense-mouth
with lips closed or nearly
closed, mouth narrowed
to a slit, and jaws tightly closed prior to an attack. In babies, lip-compression and
brow-lowering (combined in the pucker face) appear when someone persists in
playing or feeding beyond their tolerance. 6. Lip-compression (lips pressed tightly
together and rolled inward) often appears in the company of strangers, where it
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correlates with gaze avoidance, non-con- vous system mobilizes for action
tact, and distancing between individuals. (see FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT) as in, e.g.,
when we hears
The tense-mouth
the cry of a
is also an agFight or flight response: The
large bird overgressive sign in
heart beats faster, the bloodhead.
our nearest prisugar level is raised, hormones
mate relative, the
from the adrenal gland are
Primatology.: As
pygmy chimpanraised, preparing the alarmed
primates, for
zee or bonobo .
animal to chase-and-bite or to
whom facial exturn-tail-and-flee.
pressions proAnatomy: In the
tense-mouth, our lips’ orbicularis oris vide key social and emotional informuscles contract. Their rubber-band-like mation, some monkeys probe each
other’s eyes for
fibers tighten to
positive or negaproduce visible
tive mood signs.
compression, inMonkeys are
rolling, and naracutely aware of
rowing. Tension
being noticed by
may be accented
new people and
by contracting the
new animals.
muscles used in
Monkeys peribiting.
odically glance
FREEZE REACup and scan for
TION
roving
eyes
(much as do
Posture: A sudmonkeys in a
den involuntary
cage).
Eyes
cessation of body
convey unpleasmovement, usuant
feelings
ally in response to
through closed
a novel stimulus
eyelids and an
or to fear.
averted gaze.
Monkeys like this blackUsage:
The
Positive or procapped capuchin are acutely
freeze reaction is
vocative feelings
aware of being noticed by
a protective reshow in opened
new people and new animals.
flex.
The
eyelids, dilated
monkey’s body
pupils, and dimay automatically tense up as the ner- rect gaze......
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F arewell
to sweet
and
beloved Java
macaque
Sofie.....
(See more
in the next
issue )
Nutrition
Don’ts!
What monkey doesn’t like sugar, as is found in candy, baked
goods, cereals and fruit spreads and jams.....but concentrated
sugars are a leading cause of health and metabolic problems
in pet primates and need to be avoided in order to avoid future
health problems! (Photo is of a lesser spot-nosed guenon monkey “Gwen”.)
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New
Kidz!
Mangabey Jake is about six months old
in this photo. The ischial callosities or
bottom pads of the mangabey form a
continuous line rather than being separate
ovals. Like other Old World monkeys, (namely
the guenons), some mangabey species like this
red crowned mangabey, have a dramatic color
change as they mature. This species is also sometimes called the white-collared mangabey.
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New
Kidz!
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About 4 weeks old in this photo, new kid “Sami” is
very clingy and attached to his human mom Jo. It is
normal for vervet monkeys to have blue skin.
The beautiful Cat Ba langur is critically endangered. Only some
100 individuals on a single island remain of the Cat Ba Island golden-headed
langur. To avert extinction, conservationists stress, there must be active population management, including captive breeding, and above all safe, sufficiently
large safe natural habitat — a shrinking commodity throughout Indochina.
(Artwork by CC)
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Useful Products
W E B
V E R S I O N
By Christine
Colloidal Silver
loidal silver may be administered
● The product “Sovereign Silver” can be
orally via a dropper
used externally or
and monkeys don’t
internally for your
seem to mind the
monkey’s health.
taste.
This product is ad● Side effects: As
vertised as a pure
with many products
form of silver.
you must be aware of
● Colloidal silver
side effects.
can be used to help
● Should you use colfight bacterial, eye,
loidal silver as a “preear and throat infecventive medicine” on
tions, parasites and
Should you use colloidal sil- a regular basis? Befungus.
● Spray it on your ver as a “preventive medi- cause of side effects,
monkey’s skin for cine” for your monkey on a it cannot be recomcuts, burns, bites or regular basis? Because of mended.
side effects, which manufac- ● one source of colrashes.
● Whenever pos- turers don’t list, it cannot be loidal silver is NaturalImmunogenics. Call
sible administer the recommended.
toll free at 888 328silver directly on the
8840 to.....❑
problem area, e.g., right on wounds. Col○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
p
V.I.P.s
p
p
VERY IMPORTANT PRIMATES!
p
p
p
p
p
Wild Old World monkeys like the vervets
run and reproduce freely in the city of
Durban in Africa. They are treated as
pests by many, because they break and
enter, go through trash cans and leave
strewn trash messes and enter yards to
rob fruit trees that owners want to use
for themselves. Some monkey lovers get
past these behaviors and have a protective attitude toward the wild vervets. A
spay/neuter program is much needed....
p
p
p
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Suggestions presented in Monkey Matters are generalizations one may consider
in handling a primate's problems. Any injury, illness or other condition contracted
by a monkey is subject to individual complications. Therefore it is crucial that you
seek and follow your own veterinarian's advice as soon as possible.
And remember, different veterinarians may recommend different treatments for
your monkey's problem.
Vet questions can also be sent via our E-Mail:
askourvet@monkeymatters.com
Answering Vet:
Dr. R. (paraphrased)
Question:
I’m so worried about having the vet give my 8 year old capuchin anesthetic to
have his teeth cleaned. Once a monkey comes out from under anesthetic are
my worries over or is it true that they can still die?
Answer:
Here are two instances in which monkeys have died during or after coming
out of isoflourane gas anesthesia. In the first case, the monkey have vomited
bile into her lungs while under anesthetic. In more than one instance, the monkey appeared to be recovering but had heart failure and could not be revived......
(Continued on next page)
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Who’s Mad?
We’re mad!
Body Language 101
These two female bonnet macaques, complete
with slightly punk hairdos,
have both been nursing
mothers. One, the one on
the right, has taken on a
more aggressive posture
than the other. Staring directly at the photographer,
her mouth open, her arms
spread in the aggressive
open-mouthed-threat
stance, her ears slightly
back, she has taken the lead
in threatening off the human
intruder. Her right cheek
pouch is bulging with
edibles, while the more submissive monkey has no extras. Maybe the more dominant monkey has a pound or
two of extra weight through
the middle but it’s hard to tell
for sure. The more submissive bonnet girl is following
the lead of her companion.
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Her stare is not so direct or
fearless, nor is her leg
stance, but she’s ‘with the
program’. The small
wound on one arm is the
kind that would come from
a quick nip from another
monkey who wanted to
dominate her.
If the more aggressive
bonnet was now to spring (The start of an open
forward at the photogra- mouthed threat from a
pher, the other would buck white-faced capuchin)
herself up and give support in some way, either by
(A submissive look from a spotnosed guenon)
attacking from the
other side or by standing by and threatening to. This is not only
‘natural’ but instinctive behavior and, as
they mature, is found
even in macaques
who have been reared
in captivity. Such behaviors usually appear between the
ages of 3 & 5 years of
age.....
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The Human/Nonhuman Primate Connection
Monkey See, Monkey Do - The Triggering
Of Emotional Contagion
Everyone knows that a yawn can be
catching among humans. Laughter
can be contagious too.
In group situations, panic, joy, aggression and mourning have all be
known to be contagious with humans.
The contagious effects of emotions
like fear, distress and aggression
have been studied in monkeys also.
The expression of fear in one monkey (the demonstrator) elicits an anticipation of fearful or stressful
events in other monkeys (the observers) who are within sight,
sound and smell of the demonstrator.
It primes the observers to behave
as though they are in the same situation as the demonstrator.
Goofy mona guenon Sasha puts
doughnut shaped dog pillow toy
around her neck.
From experience we observe again and again that the observer does not
really know what set off the demonstrator. But that appears unimportant.
The observer believe the demonstrator and gets caught up in duplicating
or reflecting his emotional state.
The demonstrator might be responding to the brief sight of a large bird
overhead. The bird may be long gone, but the group observer the demonstrators emotional state and joins in to become a follower.
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This can cause a problem with people who
have a pair of monkeys. The demonstrator
might get mad at a caretaker over nothing
or almost nothing, but when he starts displaying aggression and fear, the observer
does not know or care about the origin of
the feelings. He usually acts without question to come to the aid of his primate friend.
Monkeys like this whitefaced capuchin tend to be
reactive to contagion at all
stages of growth and development.
Logical intervention is possible on the part
of the caretaker who knows both primates
and has been fairly well bonded to both.
Through language and bribery (positive reinforcement) the more submissive observer
needs to be separated from the demonstrator.
Start by ignoring the demonstrator, if possible and speaking to the observer. Say
something like, “Molly, don’t listen to Heidi.
Heidi is lying. I didn’t do anything to her. Be a good girl Molly and you will
get a treat. I keep reinforcing as Molly separates from Heidi by telling Molly
that she is a good girl. Then I follow through appropriately with a treat--a
nut or grape.
Monkeys also respond to emotional contagion demonstrated by humans.
If the favored caretaker shows the slightest sign of anger toward someone
else, animal or human, the monkey can be right there as an observer/reactor.
At the group level, emotional contagion often leads to more or less uniform group behavior, as during mobbing or panic reactions where all monkeys behave in a similar manner.
Contagion tends to lead to stereotypical behaviors and therefore primates
tend to behave as a cohesive unit. This is less likely in a group with widely
mixed species, but can still happen.
Other behaviors that can be contagious with monkeys include playfulness,
self-scratching and grooming......
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A Monkey’s Mini-Rainforest
Look for a new rainforest photo gallery and
some tips on creating your own indoor or outdoor rainforest on the Monkey Matters
website....
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The Human/Nonhuman Primate Connection
How Many Communication Displays does
the average primate have???
Scientific American
once published a chart
listing the numbers of
known communication
displays of some of
our favorite monkeys.
Adult Douc Langur “Jack”
Known communication displays of
the:
Night monkey 16
Sifica - 21
Patas monkey - 24
Dusky titi - 27
Rufous naped tamarin - 32
Ring-tailed lemur - 34
Rhesus macaque - 37
As we can see, even prosimians or half-monkeys are very complex in
their communication skills. And the small tamarin has almost as many
communication displays as the large Rhesus macaque.
Compare this to the shorter lists of cats and dogs, many of whom are not
well understood by their owners, and you will began to see why the odds
are stacked against the primate keeper who is not studious, patient, educated and observant!.....
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Fishing for snacks or swimming...
You can use your shallow
monkey pool for swimming,
or as monkey mom Joan
has done, for some summer snacking. Joan
sprinkles a layer of dry
snacks in the bottom and
her adult black-capped capuchins Zach, Kayla and
Benji fish for their favorites.
The nuts and popcorn are
eaten first.
(Continued on next page)
Black-capped capuchins Zach, Kayla and
Benji (Photos from monkey mom Joan).
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(Fishing For Snacks or Swimming, continued)
If you want to use your monkey pool for summer swimming, the best way
to start is with warm of hot water. You can attach a hose to your water
heater for hot water. Some people have good luck letting the filled pool sit
in the sun the warm up.
Unlike capuchins who usually insist on hot water, Javas (and sometimes
other macaques and a few guenons) will swim in cool or even cold water.
Some monkeys prefer wading in shallow water to swimming. This adult
Allen’s swamp guenon is wading at dusk in cool, very shallow water and
fishing around for water bugs. (Photo from Marcia).....
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Macaque Factoids:
In the wild, high ranking Rhesus macaque mothers are usually in good
health and rear their male and female offspring with equal success.
Low ranking Rhesus mothers are frequently in poor condition and unable
to produce much milk in a single bout of suckling.
So their infants demand and are given more frequent access to the nipple.
Since in this species, as in so many others, frequent nipple stimulation
inhibits reproduction, low ranking mothers are usually unable to reproduce the following year.
Low ranking mothers start with inferior nutritional condition and suffer
more if they have a daughter than a son.
Low ranking females with daughters are attacked more frequently.
The attacks may be so stressful that they also inhibit milk production.
This leads to even more nipple stimulation by the hungry daughter and a
further reduction of the female’s fertility......
Shena (Java/Rhesus macaque) and Java (Java macaque) hanging out together. Sheena, though younger, has always been bigger and stronger and
dominant. (Photo from monkey mom Joie)
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I could do
this all
day.....
Much to his enjoyment, mona
guenon Sasha
grooms older
white-faced
male capuchin
Filo.
"MOM!!
Zac took my
piece!!”
Adult
blackcapped capuchin brothers
Benji and Zac
(photo
from
monkey mom
Joan)
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A New Titi Monkey !
(Continued on next page)
Send submissions, stories, letters, photos,
Helpline Questions & Primate Placement Information to either
address below:
E-MAIL: CeeCee@MonkeyMatters.com
HARD MAIL: Monkey Matters
PO Box 85152 - MB181
San Diego CA 92186
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Focus on:
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Two New Species
(June 23, 2002) Rio De Janero - Scientists
working in Brazil’s central Amazon have
discovered two new monkey species that
are about the size of small cats,
Conservation International announced
today.
or Prince Bernhard’s titi monkey, is
remarkable for its dark orange
sideburns, chest and the inner sides
of its limbs, its reddish-brown back,
and a white-tipped black tail. It lives
between the
east bank of
The stephennashi is a silver
The discovery of
the
Rio
the
two
new
Madeira and
monkey with a black
species of titi
the
lower
forehead and red sideburns,
monkey in Brazil’s
reaches of its
crest
and
red
on
the
inner
Amazon rain forest
tributary, the
sides of the limbs.
is published in a
Rio Aripuaña,
just-released
south of the
special supplement
River.
to the journal Neotropical Primates. They
were described by Marc van Roosmalen, a Callicebus bernhardi is named for
primatologist at Brazil’s National Institute His Royal Highness Prince
for Amazon Research (INPA), his son, Bernhard of the Netherlands, a
Tomas van Roosmalen, and Russell noted naturalist who created the
Mittermeier, president of Conservation Order of the Golden Ark to honor
International and chair of the World conservationists internationally.
Conservation Union (IUCN) Species This prestigious award was
Survival Commission’s Primate Specialist bestowed upon coauthors Marc Van
Group.
Roosmalen and Russell Mittermeier
in recent years. Van Roosmalen will
“Even though our closest living relatives, present the discovery to the Prince
the primates, have been very well-studied at Soestdijk Palace in Holland on
for the past four decades, we are once June 25, four days before the
again surprised by the discovery of even Prince’s 91st birthday.
more species,” said Mittermeier. “It proves
how much we still need to learn about Prince Bernhard will also receive
biological diversity, especially in the tropical a special portrait of his monkey by
Stephen Nash, CI’s technical
rainforests.”
illustrator, who has made major
One of the species, Callicebus bernhardi, contributions
to
primate
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conservation worldwide through his
posters and educational materials. The
second new species, Callicebus
stephennashi, is named after Nash, who
works for Conservation International and
is based at the Department of Anatomical
Sciences at the State University of New
York at Stony Brook.
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at Conservation International, 13 of
which are from Brazil. Including these
two new monkeys, Brazil now has 95
species of primates, far more than any
other country, and 134 species and
subspecies, close to one-quarter of
the global total. Van Roosmalen and
Mittermeier have previously described
four other new
monkey species.
C a l l i c e b u s
Brazil now has 95 species
stephennashi, or
of primates, far more than
Stephen Nash’s titi
Titi monkeys are
monkey, is silver in
any other country, and 134 about the size of
color, with a black
a small cat. They
species
and
subspecies,
forehead and red
live in the dense
close to one-quarter of the understory of the
sideburns, chest
and inner sides of
South American
global total.
limbs.
Since
tropical forests in
fishermen brought
small
family
it to Van Roosmalen’s Breeding Center groups of a mated pair and their
for Endangered Wildlife in Manaus, it is offspring. Twenty-eight species, each
uncertain where it lives. Van Roosmalen with unique and colorful fur patterns,
believes it came from the eastern bank are now known to occur over a large
of the Rio Purús in Central Amazonia.
part of the Amazon basin and the
Atlantic forest of eastern Brazil.
“I am currently using my new discoveries
to convince the Brazilian government to Conservation International (CI)
create nature reserves in the areas applies innovations in science,
where I have found these species and economics, policy and community
where others, yet unknown to science, participation to protect the Earth’s
are likely to live,” says Marc van richest regions of plant and animal
Roosmalen. “The Amazon is extremely diversity in the hotspots, major tropical
rich in biodiversity, and these newly- wilderness areas and key marine
discovered creatures should be regarded ecosystems. With headquarters in
as flagship species.”
Washington, D.C., CI works in more
than 30 countries on four
Scientists have described 24 monkeys continents......
new to science since 1990, according to
Anthony Rylands, senior director at the
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science
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Monkey mom Joie
says, “This is my
capuchin “Jony”
‘playing horsey’
with my Java
macaque “Java”
outside by their
pool. The girls get
tired of Jony playing.” (Photo from
Dee)
Spying on birds, mona
guenon Sasha likes to
sit up high in her enclosed garden room.
(Photo from CC)
Send your best shot to:
Monkeys In Action
PO Box 85152 - MB 181
San Diego CA 92186
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"Nutrition" is intended for educational purposes. If your primate has a medical problem, consult your veterinarian immediately. Monkey Chow is specially manufactured to
meet the needs of New World and Old World primates. It is currently recommended as a
basic ingredient in every monkey's diet.
By J Dunn
Now Monkeys Have A New Reason To Refuse Monkey Chow
To take a bad situation (monkeys generally not preferring to eat monkey chow)
and make it considerably worse, Purina monkey chows (Mazuri) have now
gone to dogs by adding the preservative ethoxyquin (See Ethoxyquin, p---)
Monkey Chow And Monkey Chow Alternatives
When selecting a high quality food you have to learn how to distinguish between
the good and bad ingredients.
But there’s
ethoxyquin in it
Mom.....
(Young ring-tailed lemur
holding monkey chow
biscuit)
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Some pet products are not fit for human consumption and others (the ones
you want) have better quality ingredients and are considered human grade.
A few companies that make pet foods fit for human consumption are: Natura
Pet Food Products at 1-800-532-7261. Breeders Choice at 1-800-255-4286
and the website is www.breeders-choice.com. Precise at 1-800-446-7148. Natural Life Pet Products at 1-800-367-2391. Sensible Choice, Royal Canin, USA,
Inc., at 1-800-592-6687 and website at www.royalcanin.com.
Most leaf eaters like this Douc
Langur are now endangered.
Sadly, even their leaf eater chow
now contains ethoxiquin.
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Below, Java/Rhesus macaque
“Shena”, stepping out. Monkey mom
Joie says, “Shena has plentyof room
to exercise but she’s still getting
chubby”. (Photo from Joie)
A serious look from a seriously large
primate...this beautiful gorillas is endangered. (Photo from Joe C.)
(Continued on next page)
See you again
on-line
!!!
on-line!!!
http://www.monkeymatters.com
An Open Letter To New Readers:
Monkeys are social/emotional creatures with complex social/emotional needs. They are animals
that require serious, well-educated caretakers.
Monkey care can be a rewarding and positive
experience. Yet with improper understanding and precaution, some mature monkeys can be difficult
or even dangerous to humans.
A fulfilling and enriched captive life-style can be offered to all
primates. Yet receiving improper human care and precaution can be detrimental and/or life threatening to monkeys.
To an individual extent, monkeys change in their needs and behaviors at
different life stages. They are subject to their own inherent traits, the effects of the environment(s)
they have been raised in and whether or not they have a quality/bonded relationship with a human
caretaker and/or other social animal.
Keeping captive monkeys in pairs or groups as adults
requires knowledgeable and vigilant caretakers. Two or more monkeys in a social relationship can
result in social benefits and stimulation or in social challenges, tension and aggression, which can
be life threatening.
For pertinent information in addition to Monkey Matters, the Monkey Helpline
is available. For personal experience plus referencing from dozens of primate books, write or call
anytime (number inside) with your questions on behavior or care.....
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(Parting Shots, continued)
Above, “monkeys in pairs”, two Allen’s swamp monkeys facing off. One is making a
high trilling sound at the other. Below, monkey fun in a mini-rainforest, squirrel monkey Pip hopes to find some insects.....
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Are you giving up a monkey you care about?
M O N K E Y
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(Xerox this for your files)
25
Monkey Matters'
Primate Placement Service
For people who want help in placing (not selling) a cherished primate into
a desirable, new home call: (800) 796-7363 (ext. 1100146) 24 hours a day.
We have the expertise to work with you in finding the best possible new home for your cherished monkey.
Monkey Matters staff members have successfully placed a number of primates prior to officially
starting our Primate Placement Service. We will continue to work with anyone who wants to place a
primate up for adoption in deciding what type of home would best suit his or her individual primate's
needs. No money changes hands in a placement. Where appropriate, we can recommend proper
sanctuaries.
To adopt a primate, please contact us by mail
only with your name, address, phone number, your years
of experience with primates. List ages and types of primates, your vet's name (or name of one you plan to use),
address and phone number.
Wanted!
p
Your application will be kept on file.
Due to volume of correspondence, no replies will be
made to applications until a primate is available.....
Monkey Matters wants your
monkey's "Mug Shots"!
p Send your clearest ones! Original
photos reproduce the best.
p Please send extra copies that we
can keep, if possible!
Monkey Helpline Service: If behavior is the problem, and you would still like to keep your
monkey, please call our Helpline for possible solutions and problem solving skills.
Tel: (800) 796-7363, ext. 1100146
E-mail: helpline@monkeymatters.com
Due to a change in editorial policy, we are currently not accepting ads.
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Petition For Responsible Monkey Ownership
To Whom It May Concern, We, the undersigned, are directly concerned with ▲ the well-being of
primates ▲ the education of private owners ▲ the rights of owners in each state to keep primates
responsibly ▲ the rights of owners to be fairly regulated. Please keep our petition in favor of the fair
private ownership of monkeys in your file. We support the right of citizens in every state to responsibly keep primates (as pet monkeys, as aviary monkeys, exhibitor monkeys, breeder monkeys and
rescue monkeys) and our right to be fairly regulated. Where citizens have already lost their right to
own monkeys, we support restoration of such rights.
Name Printed______________________________________________________________________________
Signature_________________________________________________________________________________
Address__________________________________________________________________________________
City/State/Zip_____________________________________________________________________
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Monkey Matters Complete Guide
To Care & Behavior (Volumes 1 & 2) $95.00
To have Monkey Matters Complete Guide sent as a gift, just add a
note asking for a gift card and your order will be rushed!
▲ 900 pages with a color photo cover on each volume!
▲ Over 2000 illustrations & photographs!
▲ Includes the Monkey Matters caretaker evaluation chart (rate yourself as a monkey caretaker!)
▲ Has detailed chapter contents and an index
for easy referencing!
▲ Includes chapters on understanding behaviors and on problem behaviors.
▲ Thoroughly researched descriptions of species behaviors, including helpful illustrations.
▲ A thorough guide to primate enrichment.
▲ A complete chapter on social enrichment.
▲ Unique and inspirational housing designs!
▲ To order the Monkey Matters Complete Guide
To Care & Behavior:
The cost for both volumes is: $85.00 + $10.00
shipping & handling (insured UPS) or if you
have a PO box address, (UPS does not deliver to PO boxes) the cost is $12 for insured 3
day mail.
Send a check or money order to Monkey Matters (Book)
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(Please allow 6-12 weeks for delivery)
38