Schlern - Südtirol
Transcription
Schlern - Südtirol
Schlern-Rosengarten/ Sciliar-Catinaccio Nature Park Ancient cultures and new perspectives © 2015 Nature, Landscape and Planning Department Nature Park Office AUTONOME PROVINZ BOZEN - SÜDTIROL Abteilung Natur, Landschaft und Raumentwicklung Photo: Nature Park Archives Office Ancient cultures and new perspectives Above the Schlern/Sciliar dolomite we firstly find the somewhat reddish limestones, dolomites, marls and sandstones of the so-called”Schlern/Sciliar plateau strata”. These are deposits left by an ancient lagoon of the upper Schlern/Sciliar reef covering a≈large area of the Schlern/Sciliar plateau. On top of this follow individual outcroppings of black clayey sediments that are attributable to Raibl strata. A final layer of Mesozoic deposits (from the Mesozoic period) of the Main Dolomite, in contrast to the other strata, has almost entirely eroded away. This nearly white, horizontally articulated rock forms, among others, Monte Pez (2,563 meters) and the Kranzer/Cranzes (2,465 meters). volcanic tuff and lava are easily eroded, the nearby meadows and fields are extremely fertile. Additionally, the Wengen and Cassian strata have a high clay content and are thus able to store large amounts of water. This has resulted in making the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow particularly rich in springs, streams and bogs. The topography of the Schlern/Sciliar region has been defined by its geological formations. The Schlern/Sciliar Dolomite that bears its name is a reefstone made up of the algae and corals incoporated into the rock faces and many crevices and chimneys found in the Western Dolomites. On the slopes of the Rosszähne/ Denti di Terrarossa one can find – as perhaps in no other place in the Dolomites – traces of volcanic activity in the reef area. The calcareous strata, named after the Tschapit-Alm/Alpe di Ciapit meadow and blocks (“Cipit blocks”) are outcroppings of the reefs that sheared off and fell into the deep ocean basins. In addition to the debris left by the marine reefs, volcanic material was also transported here by waterways. These sediments are rich in fossils and make up the Pachycardia tuff (named after the Pachycardia mollusk). The undersea volcanic activity and the contact metamorphism phenomena (transformation of the neighboring rock by rising magma) have produced many minerals in the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi region, such as the Frommerlahn/Rio Fromm analcime and the apophyllite and natrolite of the Lafreider cave that are found in many important collections. The Schlern/Sciliar mountain is one of the landmarks of South Tyrol. Pristine valleys and gorges and the Schlern/Sciliar plateau that were already familiar to man in prehistoric times, and the nearby Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi, are the characteristic features of this area. In the year 2003, the Rosengarten/Catinaccio area was added to the Nature Park. Geology Few other areas of the Dolomites display the story of their formation as readily as the Schlern/Sciliar region. These varied landscapes are the result of rock-forming reefs and massive volcanic eruptions beneath the surface of the Tethys Sea. Geological enthusiasts are encouraged to explore this area, and some areas that are particularly recommended include the trail to Bad Ratzes/Bagni di Razzes in Seis/Siusi, along the Frötschbach/Rio Freddo to the Prossliner Schwaige/Malga Prossliner (1,742 meters), the tourist trail from the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow to the slopes of the Rosszähne/Denti di Terra rossa, or a hike over on the Schlern/Sciliar plateau (and to the Schlernhaus/Rifugio Bolzano – 2,457 meters). The first altitudinal belt (from Eisacktal/Valle Isarco to upland plateau of Völs/Fiè, Seis/Siusi and Kastelruth/Castelrotto) is mostly made up of the dark red rocks of the Bolzano quarz-porphyry strata. Above these lies a strata of Grödner/Gardena sandstone, whose iron content gives the soil a bright-red appearance. After this, one finds the Permian strata (Bellerophon strata), which dates back approximately 256 to 252 million years and the Lower Triassic (Werfen strata) from about 252 to 248 million years ago. On the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow the Wengen and Cassian strata are found at their greatest area of extension. Since Habitats, animals and plants Fig. 1 White in winter, brown in summer – the stoat is always perfectly camouflaged. Photo: Maurizio Bedin Fig. 2 Chamois find the steep walls of the Tschamin/ Valle di Ciamin valley an ideal habitat. Photo: Maurizio Bedin Fig. 3 The Schlern/Sciliar plateau provides a unique view of the Rosengarten/ Catinaccio Group. Rittner Straße 4 39100 Bozen Ph. +39 0471 417 770 Fax +39 0471 417 789 naturparke.bozen@provinz.bz.it www.provinz.bz.it/naturparke PROVINCIA AUTONOMA DI BOLZANO - ALTO ADIGE Ripartizione Natura, paesaggio e sviluppo del territorio More humid areas with deeper soils provide an ideal location for spruce formations, both in the montane and the subalpine vegetation zones. These formations become increasingly sparse as the altitude rises. This change also causes the undergrowth to inversely increase in density. Typical species found here include the hairy alpenrose, cranberry and blueberry. These forest formations contain quite a large amount of dead wood and are thus ideal places for various species of woodpeckers: the gray-headed woodpecker, which, in addition to xylophagous – that is wood- eating – insects, also feeds on ants that it finds on the ground in the forest, the great spotted woodpecker, which is characterized by its distinctive black-white-red colored feathers, and the rather rare three-toed woodpecker, which – as its name suggests – in contrast to the other species of woodpeckers only has three toes instead of four. In addition to the forest formations, the Nature Park also holds remarkable and impressively steep rock walls, whose crevices are home to rare and colorful flower species, such as the Dolomite bellflower and the small flower columbine. The crevice are also the nesting sites of birds such as the Kestrel, which flies over the alpine grassland in search of insects, small reptiles and mice, and the Alpine swift, noted for its agile and impressively quick flight. The Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow is renowned for its rich flora. This largest plateau in Europe comprises the southernmost section of the Nature Park. The rich biodiversity present here has already begun to feel the effects of increased tourism and intensive agricultural use (fertilization and drainage) in some places, though the more remote areas of the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi and other areas of the Nature Park still exhibit this diversity. In the spring, flowers like the Alpine snowbell, anemones, crocuses, gentians, orchids, daphne and primroses bloom here. Birds that nest in these habitats include the melodious skylark and the ground-breeding whinchat. Their communities are, however, beginning to suffer from the effects of intensive agriculture activities. The birds are being displaced due to the fertilization that allows the meadows to be grazed earlier than in the past, thereby not allowing the birds sufficient time to raise their young. The flora of the Schlern/Sciliar high plateau is equally impressive, with the pink blooms of the Dolomite Cinquefoil that cover the limestone rocks, the edelweiss that grows among the crevices, the blue-green saxifrage and paederota bonarota. Here and there over the alpine grassland limestone one can see black redstarts and, with a little luck, one can even catch a glimpse of an ermine. This small predator feeds mostly on small rodents, which he even goes into their underground burrows to catch. The ermine has brown fur in summer which turns white in winter, except for his black tail. Alpine choughs and chaffinches are more common sights than slinky ermine. During rests from long walks around the alpine shelters like the Schlernhaus/Rifugio Roma, one can often see flocks of these birds hovering about in search of food left behind by hikers. Nature Park Schlern-Rosengarten/Sciliar-Catinaccio Schlern-Rosengarten [1] UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE DOLOMITES South Tyrol Nature Parks Cover image Schlern/Sciliar mountain 3 The Human Factor The sub-Alpine region west of the Schlern/Sciliar mountain, which includes the villages of Völs/Fiè, Seis/Siusi, and Kastelruth/ Castelrotto has many prehistoric settlements. The most valuable find in the area is the “Sword of Hauenstein”, which was found at the foot of Schlern/Sciliar in the Nature Park area. It dates to the Bronze Age and is preserved in the city museum in Bozen/Bolzano. The Schlern/Sciliar plateau was already explored by man in prehistoric times. This is attested to by finds of pottery on Burgstall/ Monte Castello and on the slopes of the Roterdspitze/Denti di Terrarossa. Experts say that the Schlern/Sciliar plateau was home to places of worship and also used for pasturing. These early ages also likely saw the origin of ancient Ladin legends. The rugged rock fortress of Hauenstein/Castelvecchio, whose ruins rise above Seis/Siusi atop a massive boulder, was once the home of the late-medieval minstrel Oswald von Wolkenstein. It is believed that the rock upon which the castle sits broke off from the north wall of the Santnerspitze/Cima Santner (2,414 meters) and fell into the forest. Hauenstein/Castelvewcchio is easily accessible by peaceful forest trails from Völs/Fiè, Seis/Siusi, or from Bad Ratzes/ Bagni di Ratzes. Photo: Nature Park Archives Office 1 2 4 5 6 Fig. 4 The peaks of Santner and Euringer wreathed in clouds. Fig. 8 The Sword of Hauenstein is a valuable relic from the Bronze Age. Photo: Renato Sascor Photo: Nature Park Archives Office Fig. 5 The Dolomites Devil’s Claw grows in limestone and Dolomite rock crevices. Fig. 9 The Alpine chough can frequently be seen around alpine shelters. Photo: Josef Hackhofer Photo: Nature Park Archives Office 10 Fig. 10 The martagon orchid is a flower of rare beauty. Fig. 6 Langkofel/Sasso Lungo and Plattkofel/Sasso Piatto, seen from the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi. 7 Photo: Nature Park Archives Office 8 Dolomites UNESCO World Heritage Site In summer 2009, due to their scenic beauty and their geo morphological and geological significance, the Dolomites were added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This carefully chosen list of sites includes the most outstanding and unique natural or cultural assets, whose protection is particularly important for the international community. The Dolomites and with them also the Schlern-Rosengarten/ Sciliar-Catinaccio Nature Park have thus been awarded the greatest recognition a natural asset may receive. Such recognition, however, also confers certain duties and responsibilities relating to the conservation and sustainable development of this extraordinary mountain region. Photo: Nature Park Archives Office Photo: Artur Kammerer Fig. 7 The Dolomites columbine is found even at the highest elevations of the Park area. Seen from the Bozen/Bolzano basin or from the Ritten/Renon plateau, the mighty cliffs of the Schlern/Sciliar tower impressively over the extensive high plateau, the foreboding peaks of Euringer and Santner give it an inaccessible appearance. It is, however, home to many varied habitats and a rich botanical diversity. Compared to other areas in the Dolomites, the Schlern-Rosen garten/Sciliar-Catinaccio Nature Park contains an extremely abundant wealth of plant species. This is due to the diversity of soils and the fact that this is the place where the eastern and western alpine plant species distribution limits overlap. An upward ascent leads one through vast forest belts, which from the border of the Nature Park slightly above the villages, extend directly up to the foot of the cliffs. The forests along the southwestern border of the Nature Park are mainly mountain pine varieties, whereas other areas are predominantly inhabited by montane and subalpine fir formations. The pine forests grow on barren, shallow, and often shifting ground surfaces. As other tree species find it difficult to grow in these locations, the pine forests here perform important functions: they stabilize the ground, protecting it from erosion and promoting the formation of humus. Typical undergrowth here includes heather, juniper, amelanchier and particularly striking flower types, such as the dark columbine, the lady’s slipper, common goldenrod and the striated daphne. The pine forests provide a habitat for abundant animal life. Attentive observers of the tree bark will be able to glimpse an extraordinary species of beetle – the Timberman beetle from longhorn family of beetles. The branches of the tree tops here also hold the white silk cocoons of the eastern pine processionary moth. The caterpillars of this nocturnal butterfly species cause immense damage to the woods through their feeding. But a chance meeting with these caterpillars may hold another unpleasant consequence for people, because the poisonous caterpillar hairs can cause serious allergic reactions. Typical bird species found in the pine forests include the crested tit with its characteristic bonnet, and the nightjar, a nocturnal species of ground-nesting birds, with exceptionally well-camouflaged plumage. 9 Schlern-Rosengarten/Sciliar-Catinaccio Nature Park (1) Area: 7,291 hectares, established in 1974, expanded in 2003 LANGKOFEL SASSO LUNGO 3181 7 PALA GRUPPE GR. PALE DI S. MARTINO 3185 6 PIZES DE CIER 3 1 4 6 30 A V h ba Se ac rB 10 Fr lm rA ise MARINZEN 1486 9 is– ne Se Gr hn öd Sesselschwaige aS i ov 8 ed BÄ R EN hb FA L h ac Naturparkhaus Schlern-Rosengarten Centro visite Sciliar-Catinaccio 1 1 6 4 7b 7 1-3 Tschaminschwaige LE 9 Tschafonhütte Rif. Monte Cavone ST. ZYPRIAN S. CIPRIANO VÖLSEGGSPITZE MONTE BALZO 1834 4 TIERS TIRES 1070 si iu iS 7 3 Tuffalm 1 2 TELFEN KASTELRUTH CASTELROTTO 1060 2 5 RWR LAR TISENS TISANA 930 ANZ ER WA 3 Salegg Rud. Castel Salego TIOSELS 1163 4 W Völser Weiher 2 Lago di Fiè SEIS SIUSI 994 7 4 6 3 10 10 2 Naturparkinfo Infoparco UMS UMES 932 6 ST. KONSTANTIN S. COSTANTINO 905 LD Schönblick 7 ST. KATHREIN S. CATERINA 6 6 6 5 VÖLS FIÉ 880 ST. ANTON S. ANTONIO 5 bac h W PRÖSELS PRESULE 878 Schloß Prösels Castel Presule lern ST. PETER S. PIETRO 905 ST. OSWALD S. OSVALDO 750 W 6 VÖLSER AICHA AICA DI FIÉ Rio Rio Nero WAIDBRUCK PONTE GARDENA 470 5 5 S ch Schwarzgriesbach 5b Trostburg Hofer Alpl Rio di Fiè 6-7 6 2a ST. VALENTIN S. VALENTINO 1160 7 1-8 1 ar 2-0 Oswald-von-Wolkenst ein-Weg Sentiero Oswald v. Wolkenstein Rio Scili ach rB lse Vö Hauenstein Rud. Castelvecchio 0 + Nigerpasshütte Rif. Passo Nigra ach p Al si– 4 ++ ++ 3 1 9 iu 0 sc ++ + + ++ N HAMMERWAND CRODA DEL MAGLIO 1985 Schlernb in ab ·C Bad Ratzes Bagni di Razzes 1212 öt Nigerpass P.sso Nigra 7 MI uf 9 2 CIA E ALL ENF BÄR 2 1 DI la 7 TAGUSENS TAGUSA 950 LE Schlernbodenhütte Rif. Schlernbode Um 12 7 Plafötschhütte VA L SCHLERN SCILIAR o Geologensteig Sentiero dei Geologi L A 1a Schafstall 9 7 3 Schlernhaus Rif. Bolzano SANTNER 2413 1a Frommer Kölner Hütte Rif. A. Fronza alle Coronelle 7 1a Prosslinerschwaige Di Baita PETZ M. PEZ 2563 1 BURGSTALL M. CASTELLO 2516 10 SPITZBICHL 1935 COMPATSCH COMPACCIO 1845 8 9 Saltner Hanigerschwaige Malga Haniger TSC HA MIN TAL dd 14 Sci lia r KOLLMANN COLMA 485 A22 VALLE ISARCO E I S A C K TA L Eisack Schlern-Rosengarten/SciliarCatinaccio Nature Park Visitor’s Center Photo: Josef Rotter Nature Park communities in Tiers/Tires at the valley entrance Open: from mid-June to early October Tuesday to Saturday, 9:30 am – 12:30 pm and 2:30 pm – 6:00 pm. Also open on Sundays in July and August. Admission free! Ph. +39 0471 642196 info.sr@provinz.bz.it www.provinz.bz.it/naturparke Fiume Isarc o Völser Weiher/Laghetto di Fiè Information Center Photo: Christian Ortner N E A G 5 10 12b 1240 3a A Gartlhütte Rif. Re Alberto I° BÄ RE NL OC H 6 Spitzbühel Pu 14 24 A Brief Overview of the Nature Park S 2 10 PUFL AT SCH BULLACCIA 14 Arnika Hütte Panider Sattel P.sso Pinei S T S C H A P I TA L P E Laurinhütte P 4 13 LADINSER MOOS Santnerpasshütte Rif. Passo Santner Grasleiten - Hütte Rif. Bergamo Sattlerschwaige 13A Panorama re Ritsch - Schwaige 7 24 R O D S I S T ZÄ E H R R N A E R O 2 Pu R D 2 SEISERALM ALPE DI SIUSI 7 PUFELS BULLA 1484 I TSCHAMINSPITZEN CRODE DI CIAMIN 2754 Tierser Alpl Rif. Alpe di Tires GRAN PALUC 6A ST. ULRICH ORTISEI URTIJËI 1260 T Mahlknechthütte Rif. Molignon Almrosenhütte Baita Rosa Alpina 12 12A 6A ST. MICHAEL S. MICHELE Kastelruth/Castelrotto: 6,483 inhabitants, Area 11,781 hectares, of which 2,313 hectares are part of the Nature Park Kastelruth/Castelrotto tourist office: Ph. +39 0471 707024, www.castelrotto.com Seis am Schlern/Siusi allo Sciliar tourist office: Ph. +39 0471 707024, www.siusi.it Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi tourist office: Ph. +39 0471 727904, www.alpedisiusi.net Tiers/Tires: 975 inhabitants, Area 4,209 hectares, of which 3,023 hectares are part of the Nature Park Tourist office: Ph. +39 0471 642127, www.tiers-rosengarten.com Völs am Schlern/Fiè allo Sciliar: 3,469 inhabitants, Area 4,438 hectares, of which 1,955 hectares are part of the Nature Park Tourist office: Ph. +39 0471 725047, www.fie.it GOLDKNOPF PUNTA D’ORO N ++ 9 12 E ROSENGARTENSPITZE CIMA CATINACCIO 2981 VAJOLETTÜRME TORRI DEL VAJOLET 2813 + ++ SALTRIA 1670 7-12 oF PIZ 2005 ALD KUHW 7a GRASLEITEN - SP. CIME DEL PRINCIPE 2695 Ri ST. CHRISTINA S. CRISTINA S. CRESTINA 1430 ALD SENW VALBONKOGEL CIMA VALBONA 2822 GR. VAL BON TAL OCH HARTL 6B The outline of the Schlern/Sciliar with the Santner and Euringer peaks is one of the landmarks of South Tyrol. Here, where the Schlern/Sciliar “shines like a lighted Grail castle in the nether depths of the Eisack/Isarco gorge”(J. Rampold), the Dolomites push furthest to the west – and as the mighty Prince among the mountains, the Schlern/Sciliar rests atop a pedestal of many steps. The basement of this mighty mountain lies at an average of a thousand meters above sea level, and includes Kastelruth/Castelrotto, Seis/Siusi, Völs/Fiè and Tiers/Tires. About a thousand meters above this, the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow stretches out on its northern slope like a green wavy cushion, atop which, another five hundred meters higher, rests the Schlern/Sciliar plateau. The mountain forests around Tiers/Tires, Völs/Fiè and Seis/Siusi and the Tschamin/Valle di Ciamin valley are also part of the Natural Park. As a starting point for tours of the Schlern/Sciliar region, the villages of Kastelruth/Castelrotto, Seis/Siusi, Völs/Fiè and Tiers/ Tures are ideal. There are roads which lead to St Ulrich/Ortisei down in the Gröden/Val Gardena valley, and into the Eisacktal/ Valle Isarco valley towards Blumau/Prato Isarco and Waidbruck/ Ponte Gardena. The Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow may be reached by bus or from Seis/Siusi by cable car. The road to the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow may only be used by private transport methods at certain times. The Schlern/Sciliar plateau may be reached from Compatsch/Compaccio or from Tiers/Tires and the Tschamin/Valle di Ciamin valley. Brenner - Brennero The Schern-Rosengarten/Sciliar-Catinaccio Nature Park was established in 1974 and expanded in 2003. It covers 7,291 hectares. The Nature Park forms a single natural land unit with the protected area of the Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow. The Seiser Alm/Alpe di Siusi meadow has been an important place for alpine farming and transhumance since ancient times. Today it is also a favorite spot for many holidaymakers and tourists. Grasleitenpasshütte Rif. Passo Principe 7 KL. VALBONTAL Williamshütte D South Tyrol Nature Parks Nature parks are of particular importance for the preservation of nature and landscapes, education and research, and providing an opportunity to experience nature. The concept is based on a few clear principles: 1. South Tyrol Nature Parks protect and preserve the diversity of the mountains with their habitats, plants and animals. 2. Information, environmental education and a special nature experience offer visitors a new understanding of nature and promote good governance. 3. The Nature Parks comprise mountains, pastures and forests; permanent settlements are not part of the area. 4. Forest and alpine farming and transhumance are PONTIVES maintained a 1110 en using sustainable methods. rd Ga o i R 5. No construction is permitted (except for the forest and alpine farming and transhumance). No overhead lines, mines, gravel mines or use of water for hydroelectric or industrial purposes is allowed. IN + PL A UNF + ++ M. PANA 1136 EC ND 7 ++ 528 625 ++ G R Ö D N E R T A N A Zallinger O NG VAL D I FASS A UR LLU Murmeltierhütte D VA WOLKENSTEIN SELVA SËLVA 1567 FASSA TAL L L 527 KESSELKOGEL CATIN. D’ANTERMOIA 3002 MOLIGNON 2595 526 VA TA AL EN NT NG O LA CRODA DEL LAGO 2806 UR MONT DE SEURA L Schlern-Rosengarten/Sciliar-Catinaccio Nature Park Texelgruppe/Gruppo di Tessa Nature Park Puez-Geisler/Puez-Odle Nature Park Fanes-Sennes-Prags/Fanes-Senes-Braies Nature Park Trudner Horn/Monte Corno Nature Park Drei Zinnen/Tre Cime Nature Park Rieserferner-Ahrn/Vedrette di Ries-Aurina Nature Park Stilfser Joch/Stelvio National Park Plattkofelhütte Rif. Sasso Piatto Langkofelhütte Rif. Vicenza D 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N CIAMPINOI Grödner Joch Passo Gardena 2121 + ++ Bozen ++ N ++ 4 ++ Meran MARMOLADA 3342 ++ Schlanders Brixen PLATTKOFEL SASSO PIATTO 2958 SELLA GRUPPE GRUPPO DEL SELLA 3152 ++ 2 Bruneck A supervised Information Point in the parking lot of Völser Weiher/Laghetto di Fiè lake. Open only during the summer. Admission free! Information: Schlern-Rosengarten/SciliarCatinaccio Visitor’s Center Boze n - Bo lzano Key Nature park boundary Access road Visitor’s Information Center Parking lot Waters Marked hiking trail Closed road Difficult path Alpine hut Tavern / rest station Castle or ruins Pass/gap Protected landscape boundary Ski lift +++++ Secured via ferrata Alpine emergency signals • Within 1 minute emit 6 audio/visual signals (at 10 second intervals) • Pause for 1 minute • Repeat the signal (until a response is received) • Response: 3 signals within 1 minute Emergency number for mountain accidents Provincial emergency call center 118 Park regulations • No motor vehicles, use public transport to access the Park. • Stay on the trails. • Avoid making noise. • Do not throw anything away, do not take anything (mushrooms, plants, minerals). • Tents? Camping? No. Please have con sideration for the facilities of the Park. • Fire hazard! No campfires, no grills. Cigarettes? • Take your time, and enjoy the experience.