CENGİZ ENERJİ SANAYİ VE TİC. A.Ş. - AGA

Transcription

CENGİZ ENERJİ SANAYİ VE TİC. A.Ş.
CENGİZ NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER
PLANT CAPACITY ADDITION
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT REPORT
Conducted By
EN-ÇEV ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY
PROJECT OWNER:
CENGİZ ENERJI SANAYİ VE TİCARET A.Ş.
PROJECT NAME:
CENGİZ NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE
POWER PLANT CAPACITY ADDITION
LOCATION:
SAMSUN / TURKİYE
REPORT PREPARED BY:
NAME
Özer Emrah Öztürk
Merve Demir
Yucel Suat Güngör
Gözde Gökçe
Efsun Ağırtas
Merve Yıldızalp
POSITION
Project Coordinator
Chemical Engineer
Environmental Engineer
Hydrogeology Engineer
Biologist
Sociologist
EN-ÇEV ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY
AUGUST 2012
CENGİZ NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT CAPACITY ADDITION
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................ v
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... viii
ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................... ix
1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1
2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................. 7
2.1 Policies ................................................................................................................................ 7
2.1.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation ............................................. 7
2.1.2 World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)..................................... 7
2.1.2.1. Requirements of Equator Principles ............................................................................ 7
2.2. Legal and Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................... 9
2.3 Institutions......................................................................................................................... 11
3.PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................... 12
3.1.General Project Activity ................................................................................................... 12
3.2. Location of the Project ..................................................................................................... 29
4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA ............................................................................ 34
4.1. Physical, Biological and Social Environment .................................................................. 34
4.1.1 Geological Characteristics ............................................................................................. 34
4.1.2 Soil Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 43
4.1.3 Land Use ........................................................................................................................ 46
4.1.4
Topography......................................................................................................... 50
4.1.5 Water Resources ............................................................................................................ 53
4.1.6 Climatology.................................................................................................................... 59
4.1.7 Water Quality ................................................................................................................. 83
4.1.8 Ambient Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 86
4.1.9 Noise .............................................................................................................................. 92
4.1.10. Archaeological and Cultural Resources ...................................................................... 93
4.2. Biological Enivronment ................................................................................................... 93
4.2.1 Flora ............................................................................................................................... 93
4.2.2. Fauna ........................................................................................................................... 100
4.2.3. Aquatic Flora and Fauna ............................................................................................. 107
4.2.4. Sensitive Zones ........................................................................................................... 118
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4.3. Social Environment ........................................................................................................ 125
4.3.1. Economy ..................................................................................................................... 125
4.3.1.1. Agricultural Production ........................................................................................... 125
4.3.1.2. Organic Farming ...................................................................................................... 126
4.3.1.3. Animal Production ................................................................................................... 126
4.3.1.4. Industrial Activities .................................................................................................. 130
4.3.1.5. Tourism .................................................................................................................... 130
4.3.2. Demography................................................................................................................ 131
4.3.3. Education .................................................................................................................... 131
4.3.4. Health .......................................................................................................................... 132
4.3.5. Cultural Services ......................................................................................................... 135
4.3.6. Urban and Rural Land Usage in the Vicinity of the Project ....................................... 137
4.3.7. Income and Unemployment ........................................................................................ 138
5. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .................................................................. 140
5.1 Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment in the Construction Phase ................ 140
5.1.1 Topography and Soils .................................................................................................. 140
5.1.2 Air Emissions ............................................................................................................... 141
5.1.3 Noise ............................................................................................................................ 145
5.1.4 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 147
5.1.5 Water Usage and Quality ............................................................................................. 147
5.1.6.Wastes ......................................................................................................................... 148
5.1.7 Flora and Fauna............................................................................................................ 151
5.1.8 Demographic ................................................................................................................ 151
5.1.9 Occupational Health and Safety ............................................................................... 152
5.2. Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment in the Operation Phase .................... 153
5.2.1 Topography and Soils .................................................................................................. 153
5.2.2 Air Emissions ............................................................................................................... 157
5.2.3 Noise ............................................................................................................................ 167
5.2.4 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 171
5.2.5 Water Usage and Quality ............................................................................................. 171
5.2.6 Wastes .......................................................................................................................... 180
5.2.7 Flora and Fauna............................................................................................................ 185
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5.2.8 Land Use ...................................................................................................................... 188
5.2.9 Social Environment ...................................................................................................... 188
5.2.10
Occupational Health and Safety ....................................................................... 190
6. MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................................................ 192
7. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ..................................................................................... 198
7.1 Site .................................................................................................................................. 198
7.2 Fuel Types ....................................................................................................................... 198
7.3 Technology ..................................................................................................................... 200
7.4. The "Do Nothing" Scenario ........................................................................................... 200
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...................................................... 201
8.1.MONITORING .................................................................................................................. 202
8.1.1.Monitoring Program During the Construction Phase .................................................. 202
8.1.2.Monitoring Program during the Operation Phase ........................................................ 204
8.1.3.Post-Operation Period .................................................................................................. 205
9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ............................................................. 207
9.1 Purpose, Structure and Content....................................................................................... 207
9.2 Public Consultation and Disclosure Meetings ................................................................ 208
9.3. Grievance Mechanism ................................................................................................... 209
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Composition of Petroleum and Natural Gas .............................................................................................. 12
Table 2. Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Surrounding Regions by Years (MWh), 2004-2009. ................ 13
Table 3. Energy Demands For 2006-2013 .............................................................................................................. 15
Table 4. Thermal Power Calculation ....................................................................................................................... 18
Table 5. Characteristics of Natural Gas to be taken from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş. .................................... 18
Table 6. NGCCPP Current Status ........................................................................................................................... 19
Table 7. Units to be added with NGCCPP Capacity addition ................................................................................. 20
Table 8. UTM Coordinates of the Project Area ...................................................................................................... 29
Table 9 Pipe line (from the Pool to the Sea) .............................................................................................................. 30
Table 10. Earthquakes Measured on the Project Area and its Vicinity and their relevant Magnitudes................... 40
Table 11. Land Distribution in the Province of Samsun ......................................................................................... 43
Table 12. Basic Information about Agriculture According to 2007 Statistical Data ............................................... 46
Table 13. Distribution of Agricultural Lands .......................................................................................................... 47
Table 14. Cereals Growing and Production ............................................................................................................ 47
Table 15. Legumes Growing and Production .......................................................................................................... 48
Table 16. Forage Crops Growing and Production ................................................................................................... 48
Table 17. Industrial Plants Growing and Production .............................................................................................. 48
Table 18. Number of Fruits and Trees and Production ........................................................................................... 48
Table 19. Area, production and yield of vegetable crops ........................................................................................ 49
Table 20. 1975-2010 Samsun Meteorology Station Pressure Values during the Years 1975-2010 ........................ 59
Table 21 Samsun Meteorology Station Temperature Values Between 1975-2010 ................................................. 60
Table 22. Samsun Weather Station Precipitation Values Between 1975-2010 ....................................................... 61
Table 23 Largest Precipitation Values Observed at Standard Times ...................................................................... 62
Table 24. Rainy, Misty, Hail and Frosty Days Between 1975-2010 ....................................................................... 65
Table 25. Cloudy, Closed and Open Days Between 1975-2010 ............................................................................. 66
Table 26. Samsun Meteorology Station Relative Humidity Values Between 1975-2010 ....................................... 67
Table 27. Samsun Meteorology Station Evaporation Values Between 1975-2010 ................................................. 68
Table 28. Total Number of Wind Blows Between 1975-2010 ................................................................................ 69
Table 29. Total Number of Seasonal Blows Between 1975-2010........................................................................... 71
Table 30 Average Wind Speed According to Directions Between 1975-2010 ....................................................... 76
Table 31. Seasonal Wind Blow Speeds Between 1975-2010 .................................................................................. 77
Table 32. Monthly Average Wind Rates Between 1975-2010 ................................................................................ 82
Table 33. Number of Stormy Days and Strong Windy Days Between 1975-2010 ................................................. 83
Table 34. Annual Quantities of Gasoline and Diesel Use ....................................................................................... 89
Table 35. Annual Vehicle Types and Numbers....................................................................................................... 89
Table 36. Main Sources of NOX .............................................................................................................................. 91
Table 37. Distances of Measurement Locations to the Project Site ........................................................................ 93
Table 38. Flora Table ............................................................................................................................................... 96
Table 39. Fauna Table / Bird Species List ............................................................................................................ 101
Table 40 .Phytoplankton Samples Taken with the Niskin Bottle .......................................................................... 111
Table 41. Samples Taken with the Phytoplankton Bucket .................................................................................... 112
Table 42. Samples taken with a Zooplankton Bucket ........................................................................................... 113
Table 43. Samples of Macrobentic Species ........................................................................................................... 114
Table 44. Black Sea Fish Species .......................................................................................................................... 116
Table 45. Reproduction Periods of Fish Species in the Black Sea ....................................................................... 117
Table 46. Distribution of Agricultural Lands ...................................................................................................... 125
Table 47. Basic Information on Agriculture according to Statistical Data , ......................................................... 126
Table 48. Animal Presence in Samsun .................................................................................................................. 127
v
Table 49. 2011Animal Presence by Districts ........................................................................................................ 127
Table 50. Activity Status of Poultry Enterprises ................................................................................................... 128
Table 51. In 2011 Beekeeping Activities ............................................................................................................. 128
Table 52. 2011 Milk Production by Districts ....................................................................................................... 128
Table 53. Wool, Hair and Angora Production with Number of Animals .............................................................. 129
Table 54. Number of Animals Slaughtered by Years ............................................................................................ 129
Table 55. Number of Samsun Industry by Sectors ................................................................................................ 130
Table 56. Tekkeköy district 2011 population data ................................................................................................ 131
Table 57. Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) by provinces and immigration, migration and
net migration rate ................................................................................................................................................... 131
Table 58. The Distribution Of Educational Status Of The Population .................................................................. 132
Table 59. Distribution of Health Institutions and Private Hospitals in 2007 by Locations ................................... 133
Table 60. Distribution of notifiable diseases districts occurred in 2008 ............................................................... 134
Table 61. Various Cultural Statistical Data , ......................................................................................................... 135
Table 62. The level of employment by kind of businesses ................................................................................... 138
Table 63.Unemployment-Population Information 2008 ....................................................................................... 138
Table 64. Labour data in the province of Samsun ................................................................................................. 139
Table 65. General Properties of the Tüpraş-404 Diesel Fuel................................................................................. 141
Table 66. Release Factors of Pollution Emitted from Vehicles (kg/t) ................................................................... 142
Table 67. Emission Factors from diesel Vehicles (kg/h)....................................................................................... 142
Table 68. Construction Machnies to be used on the Activity Area ....................................................................... 143
Table 69. Plant Area Dust Emission Factors and Emission Flows (land preparation phase)) ............................... 144
Table 70. Dust Emission Factors and Emission Pipeline Flows (land preparation phase) .................................... 145
Table 71. Values according to the distances of noise levels which will ocur in construction stage ...................... 146
Table 72. Liquid Waste Amount During the Construction Phase ......................................................................... 148
Table 73. Solid Waste to emerge during the Construction Phase of the Project .................................................. 149
Table 74. pH+ Distribution in Lands of Turkey According to Regions ............................................................... 154
Table 75. Criteria for Soil Acidification Sensitivity.............................................................................................. 156
Table 76. Properties of Natural Gas to be Taken from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş ....................................... 158
Table 77. Flue Properties of the Gas Turbine........................................................................................................ 159
Table 78. Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation -Mass debits ......................................................... 161
Table 79. Chimney Parameters ............................................................................................................................. 162
Table 80. Concentration values of the emissions that might be released from the plant ....................................... 162
Table 81. Pollutant Mass Debit Values .................................................................................................................. 162
Table 82. Regulation for evaluation and management of air pollution Table 2.2 :Long term, short term limit
values in the Facility Impact Area and Gradual Reduction Table ......................................................................... 163
Table 83. Regulation for Air quality evaluation and management Annex-1A: Gradual reduction in long term and
short term limit values during temporary period.................................................................................................... 163
Table 84. Regulation on Air quality evaluation and management Annex-1.B .................................................... 165
Table 85. Regulation for Large combustion Plants Annex- 4 Emission Limit Values For Gas Turbines ............ 166
Table 86. Air Emissions from Gas Turbines ......................................................................................................... 167
Table 87. The Equipments used within the Project and its technical specifications ............................................. 168
Table 88. Environmental noise limit levels for the Industrial plants given in Table-4, ANNEX-VII of Turkish
Assessment of Environmental Noise Regulation. .................................................................................................. 169
Table 89. The values of Noise levels to occur in actuating inaccording to the distances ...................................... 170
Table 90. Noise Level Guidelines of IFC General EHS Guideline ....................................................................... 171
Table 91. Softening, Demineralization, Regeneration, Active Carbon Washing and Regeneration Plants, Water
Pollution Control Regulation Table 20.7 ............................................................................................................... 175
Table 92. Pollutants and Average Concentrations in Domestic Qualified Wastewaters ....................................... 175
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Table 93. Qualified Domestic Wastewater Discharge Criteria, Water Pollution and Control Regulations, Table
21.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 177
Table 94. Input-Output water temperatures in the process ................................................................................... 179
Table 95. Applicable Criteria for Deep Sea Discharge ......................................................................................... 179
21.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 181
Table 97. Sector: Water Softening, Demineralization and Regeneration, Activated Carbon Washing and
Regeneration Plants, Water Pollution and Control Regulations, Table 20.7 ......................................................... 182
Table 98. Inlet-outlet water temperatures in Process ............................................................................................ 182
Table 99. Applicable Criteria for Deep Sea Discharge ......................................................................................... 183
Table 100. Samsun and the surrounding Region Yearly Electricity Consumption (MWh), 1995-2005. .............. 189
Table 101 Environmental Impacts and Planned Mitigation Activities in the Construction Phase ........................ 192
Table 102 Environmental Impacts and Planned Mitigation Activities in the Operation Phase ............................. 194
Table 103. Air Emission Values of Alternative Energy Production Plants .......................................................... 199
Table 104 Legal framework for environmental compliance ................................................................................. 201
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Surrounding Regions by Years 1995-2005.............................. 14
Figure 2. NGCCPP Work Flow Scheme ................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 3. Typical Natural Gas Combine Cycle Power Plant ................................................................................... 24
Figure 4. Flow Process Chart of Plant .................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 5. Process Representative Image ................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 6. Process Flow Diagram ............................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 7. Satellite Image of the Project Area (1) .................................................................................................... 30
Figure 8. Satellite Image of the Project Area (2) ....................................................................................................... 31
Figure 9. The photo showing the project site .......................................................................................................... 32
Figure 10. Representative Photo ............................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 11. Stratigraphic Cross-Section of the Study Area and its Vicinity ............................................................. 35
Figure 12. Earthquake Map of the Project Area...................................................................................................... 42
Figure 13. Active Fault Map of the Project Area .................................................................................................... 43
Figure 14. Land Features of the Project Area ......................................................................................................... 44
Figure 15. Topographical Status ............................................................................................................................. 51
Figure 16. Pressure Distribution Graphic Between 1975-2010............................................................................... 59
Figure 17. Graphic of the Distribution of Temperature Values Between 1975-2010 ............................................. 60
Figure 18. Rainfall Distribution Graphic Between 1975-2010 ............................................................................... 61
Figure 19. Samsun Meteorology Station Rainfall-Intensity-Time Repeat Curves .................................................. 64
Figure 20. Distribution of Rainy, Misty, Hail and Frosty Days Between 1975-2010 ............................................. 66
Figure 21. Distribution Map of Cloudy, Closed and Open Days Between 1975-2010 ........................................... 67
Figure 22. Distribution Map of Relative Humidity (%) Between 1975-2010 ......................................................... 68
Figure 23. Distribution Graphic of Evaporation (mm) Between 1975-2010 .......................................................... 69
Figure 24. Wind Diagram According to Number of Blows Between 1975-2010 .................................................. 71
Figure 25 Wind Diagram of Seasonal Number of Wind Blows Between 1975-2010............................................. 73
Figure 26. Diagram of Monthly Number of Blows Between 1975-2000 ................................................................ 75
Figure 27. Diagram of Wind Rates According to the Long Years Blowing Rates ................................................. 77
Figure 28. Diagram of Seasonal Average Wind Rates by Directions ..................................................................... 79
Figure 29. Diagram of Monthly Average Wind Rates by Directions ...................................................................... 81
Figure 30. Graphic of Monthly Average Wind Rates ............................................................................................. 82
Figure 31. Number of Stormy Days, Strong Windy Days Between 1975-2010 ..................................................... 83
Figure 32. Air Quality of Samsın (1-2) Province .................................................................................................... 87
Figure 33. Distribution by Year of the Number of Companies being issued an Emission Licence ........................ 88
Figure 34. Samsun 2010 Air Quality – Source: MoEF, www. havaizleme.gov.tr ................................................ 90
Figure 35. Tekkeköy 2010 Air Quality – Source: MoEF, www. havaizleme.gov.tr ............................................. 90
Figure 36. Regions of Turkey Phytogeography (Davis P.H, Harper P.C. and Hege, I.C. (eds.), 1971. Plant Life of
South-West Asia. The Botanical Society o f Edinburgh)......................................................................................... 94
Figure 37. Vegetation Formations of the Black Sea Phytogeography Region ........................................................ 95
Figure 38. Sampling Stations ................................................................................................................................ 109
Figure 39. Equivalent noise level impact distance ................................................................................................ 146
Figure 40. Impact Distances of equivalent noise levels ........................................................................................ 170
Figure 41. Flow Diagram Related to Water Use at Plant Units ............................................................................ 172
Figure 42. The energy demand projection between 2010 and 2019 (low demand) .............................................. 200
viii
ABBREVIATIONS
A.Ş.
INC.
ÇGDYY
Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise
DSİ
State Hydraulic Works
EHS
Environmental, Health and Safety
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP
Environmental Management Plan
EP
Equator Principles
ESIA
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
GHGs
Green House Gases
IFC
International Finance Corporation
IUCN
International Union for Conservation of Nature
MT
Monitoring Team
MTA
Mineral Research and Exploration
RCIOAP
Regulation on the Control of Industrial Origin Air Pollution
RCWP
Regulation on the Control of Water Pollution
SAN.
IND.
ŞTİ.
CO.
TİC.
TRADE
TÜİK
Turkey Statistics Corporation
g
gram
ha
hektar
Hz
hertz
kg
kilogram
km
kilometer
m
meter
ix
m2
meter square
m³
kubic meter
mm
milimeter
no.
number
PM
Particular Matter
s
second
‰
per mille
kW
kilowatt = 103 watt
MW
Megawatt = 103kW
GW
Gigawatt = 103MW
TW
Terawatt = 103 GW
kWh
kilowatt – hour (103 watt-saat)
GWh
Gigawatt – hour (106 kWh)
TWh
Terawatt – hour (109 kWh)
x
1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The proposed Project aims a capacity addition for the existing “Cengiz 240 MW Gas Fired
Combined Cycle Power Plant” located in the Province of Samsun, Tekkeköy District, Selyeri
Region which is owned by Cengiz Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş.
With an increase of 610 MW (610MWe - 628,3MWm - 1168,6MWt) the total capacity of the
plant is expected to be 850 MW (850MWe – 875,5MWm - 1628,5MWt). After capacity
addition, the power plant is expected to produce an annual electricity of approximately 6375
GWh, in which natural gas will be used as fuel like the existing/operating facility.
The Project site is determined as “Energy Generation Plant Facility Area” in the 1/5000 scale
Master Development Plan, which remains on the section of 46.000 m2 of an area of 132.862,94
m2 registered with plot number F36c05a and parcel number 3756 in the title deed.
As the amount of capacity addition to be conducted on installed power at the plant falls in to
the , Annex-I List 2.a. “Thermal Power Plants with a total thermal power of 300 MWt
(Megawatt Thermal) and greater and other Combustion Systems” of the EIA Regulation which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 26939, dated 17.07.2008,
an EIA report has been prepared and the “EIA Positive Certificate” on 17.08.2011 was issued
for the project which means the EIA report has found satisfied by the relevant authorities. “EIA
Positive Certificate” is given in Annex-1.
Moreover, regarding the supply of water that will be needed in the subsequent process for
cooling water, the “Deep Sea Discharge” Project was presented to the MoEF and the EIA
Positive Certificated was issued under the dated 12.01.2010. Project approval of “Deep Sea
Discharge” is given in Annex-2.
In connection with the project, the construction of an additional land and sea pipeline (1750 m2
land line, 2500 m2 DDD underwater line) will be realized with the deep sea discharge system
on the area registered with plot number F36c05a and parcel number 3715 in the title deed. Final
report on sea water intake and discharge pipelines design project is given in Annex-3.
The area on which the project will be established is owned by the ETİ Bakır A.Ş. Samsun
Enterprise. A rental agreement has been conducted between the mentioned company and
Cengiz Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş in respect to the usage of the parcel no. 3756. The
certificate of title and rental agreement are given in Annex-4.
Natural gas will be used as the only fuel at the facility and natural gas storage will not be
conducted. In the event that natural gas cannot be provided to the facility, any other raw
material will not be used and the facility will not continue to its activity. The fuel to be used
will be supplied from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş, which is one of the companies in the
Energy unit of Cengiz Holding and the total hourly natural gas consumption will be 170.000m3.
The aim of the Project is to increase the energy production by increasing the capacity at the
energy production facility having low cost and high efficiency. Natural gas to be used within
the scope of the project is planned to be supplied from the natural gas pipeline of BOTAŞ
(Petroleum Transportation with Pipelines Inc.) which is located to the east of the project site.
SAMGAZ Doğal Gaz Dağıtım A.Ş will actualize natural gas intake from the BOTAŞ pipeline
in order conduct the distribution of natural gas in the province of Samsun. The “Gas Fired
1
Combined Cycle Power Plant” which of the capacity is planned to be increased within the
scope of the project, will take the natural gas required for energy generation from the pipelines
of SAMGAZ Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş.
The facility at which a capacity addition is planned will be operated as combined cycle. The
combined cycle system benefits from exhaust gases emerging from the gas turbine by means of
a waste heat boiler and steam is produced. Than it is taken to steam turbines and electrical
energy generation is continued. In this way, high efficiency electric power generation is
performed at the facility.
Cengiz 240 MW Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant is designed in 2 blocks and electricity
will be produced in both blocks with one new technology LMS Gas Turbine. With the use of
the exhaust from these two gas turbines, there will be two HRSG Waste Heat Boilers (Heat
Recovery Steam Generator) that will produce steam. Steam to be obtained from these boilers
will be sent to one Steam Turbine unit. With the use of steam from this turbine electrical energy
will be produced.
With the capacity addition, another block will be added to the facility. Thus, the plant will
consist of 3 blocks.
The capacity addition of the Cengiz 240 MW Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant and the
construction period is planned to take approximately 19 months.
Within the scope of the project the operation period of the plant is determined as 7.000
hours/year and the economic life of the project will be 30 years. The facility will operate for 11
months in a year at full load and in 3 shifts. During the construction phase of the project 100 to
300 people and during the operation phase of the project 30 people are planned to be employed.
Within the scope of the project, all technical and social infrastructure needs of the personnel to
be employed will be provided from the construction site on the facility area and a dining hall,
kitchen, locker space, showers, toilets, sinks as well as administrative and technical offices will
be available. The drinking water and potable water of the personnel will be supplied from the
city network as it may also be provided from the market in case of extra need.
Electrical energy obtained with the use of natural gas at the facility will be delivered to the
national transmission line aiming to contribute to meeting the energy needs of Turkey.
Electricity to be generated in the plant will be connected to the network at two points of a
connection voltage of 380 kV. The connection of the facility at which a capacity addition will
be conducted; will be delivered to the Cengiz 380 kV switchyard center to be newly built and
from there to the Çarşamba – Altınkaya line by means of energy transmission lines to be newly
established and to the San-Sal Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant in the event that it is
constructed.
This report is implementing a Social and Environmental Management System that incorporates
with Equator Principles. It describes and priorities the actions needed to implement mitigation
measures, corrective actions and monitoring methods to manage the impacts and risks,
identified in this ESIA.
2
The Equator Principles are a financial industry benchmark for determining, assessing and
managing social & environmental risk in project financing. Key elements of Equator Principles
(EP) compliance include:
•
The categorization of an EP project based on the magnitude of its potential impacts and
risks in accordance with the environmental and social screening criteria of the
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
•
The conduct of a Social and Environmental Assessment process to address the relevant
social and environmental impacts and risks of the proposed project. The Assessment
should propose mitigation and management measures relevant and appropriate to the
nature and scale of the proposed Project.
A Project that prepared in accordance with the EP should include;
•
•
•
•
•
•
A description of the project and its social and environmental aspects
Maps and drawings of the project and a delineation or description of its area of
influence
Discussion of the Project’s compliance with the legal and regulatory framework, the
applicable IFC Performance Standards and the environmental and health and safety
performance levels established for the project
Key potential impacts and risks, including the identification of the affected communities
Planned mitigation and any areas of concern that need to be further addressed
The process of community engagement
Both the Turkish and World Bank's policies and equator principles have been considered
during the assessment. The ESIA study has been carried out according to requirements of the
current EIA Regulation of Turkish Government and the Environmental Assessment Policies
and Procedures of the World Bank OP 4.01, IFC Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS)
Guidelines. Moreover, as required by the EHS Guidelines, the stringent levels and measures
have been considered where the national regulations and the international guidelines differ.
The environmental impacts for the proposed Project are a few in number since the Project is a
capacity addition and will take place in industrial zone(Energy Generation Facility Zone).
However, the potential environmental impacts were assessed and the necessary measures were
determined. The potential impacts identified for Thermal Power Plants according to the EHS
Guidelines 1 are as follows;
1
IFC EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants
3
•
Air Emissions
As also recommended by IFC EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants, it is important to use
the cleanest fuel economically available (Natural gas preferred to oil, which is preferred to
coal) 2. In the proposed Project, natural gas will be used as fuel whose gas emissions are quite
lower compared to other thermal systems.
During the construction phase of the project, there will be formation of dust emission due to
exhaust gases and excavation works from construction machines to be used as there will be no
any other emissions caused by construction works.
Flue gas emissions at the facility in operation [carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2)
and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] will be in question. Modelling studies have been conducted for the
proposed Project and it was seen that the emissions comply with both national and international
limits. Besides, parameters those may affect air quality during the operational phase will be
monitored and the monitoring system can be viewed on-line since continuous monitoring
systems shall be installed.
•
Effluents and Water Consumption
Within the scope of the project, considering that the entire water being used will return as
wastewater, the total amount of domestic qualified wastewater from the personnel during the
construction phase will be totally 30 m3 /day.
Domestic qualified wastewater (accommodation, WC, shower, etc.) from the personnel to be
employed during the construction phase of the project will be delivered to the biological
wastewater treatment plant located in the adjacent power plant which also belongs to Cengiz
Holding and will be discharged with the deep sea discharge system after suitably treated
accordance with the discharge standards of “Wastewater Pollution Control Regulation”.
Water used in the gas turbine cooling tower will be used after being subjected to a pre-filtration
and the system will operate as closed-circuit. Water decreasing to evaporation will be
eliminated with water supplement from the pre-filtration. At this stage, there will be no
wastewater formation. Water to be used at this stage will be supplied from the sea and will be
re-discharged to the sea without undergoing any chemical alterations. There will only be a
change at temperature-related parameters of water as the limit values specified in the Water
Pollution Control Regulation will not be exceeded.
Domestic qualified wastewater emerging at the current plant is given to the biological treatment
plant. Demin and condensation water being emerged are treated at the demineralization plant
after being collected at tanks.
Based on the provision of the DSİ General Directorate Circular No. 2005/23, dated 25.07.2006
stating that “as additional water amount would force the capacity and functions of spare and
tertiary drainage channels with a task of discharge high groundwater, which are opened in
parallel with the irrigation system, discharge of wastewater shall strictly not permitted even if
2
IFC EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants
4
treated and the cancellation of previously granted conditional permissions is required”,
discharge to the Çoban Yatağı Drainage Channel will not be performed in any way during the
operation phase of the project including the existing facilities of the investor company.
For this reason, the investor company will add domestic and process based wastewater to the
deep sea discharge system from where cooling water is supplied upon having treated at the
regulation limit values. In this way, all liquid waste will have been discharged to the sea before
underground and/or channel-discharge operations are performed.
•
Solid Waste
For the amount of domestic qualified solid waste that will emerge during the construction phase
of the project; the “Solid Waste Control Regulation” will be applied. With this regard, this waste
will be separately collected and necessary measures will be taken in order to facilitate the
disposal and evaluation of this waste, to prevent environmental pollution and to contribute to the
economy.
Solid waste will not be discharged to places which would adversely affect the environment and
will be collected and stored in sealed standard garbage containers by complying “Solid Waste
Control Regulation”. The solid waste will be continued to be collected by the Tekkeköy
Municipality in a state without giving any harm to the environment in terms of odour, dust,
leakage and similar factors.
•
Hazardous Material and Oil
Flammable, explosive, hazardous and toxic substances will not be used since the operation will
be carried out only with construction machines, picks, shovels etc. equipment.
Waste oil and grease that may emerge from the maintenance and repair work of construction
machines and in order to minimize the effect of fuels harmful for human health, a waste
management in compliance with the provisions of the “Hazardous Waste Control Regulation”
will be provided.
In case of any leakage from equipment used in the facility, the “Regulation on Point-Based
Contaminated Areas and Soil Pollution Control” shall be complied and in order to minimize
any substances harmful to human health and the environment the provisions of the “Hazardous
Waste Control Regulation” as well as the provisions of the “Waste Oil Control Regulation”
shall be followed. Hazardous waste to emerge shall be stored in red colour tanks/containers
having a phrase “Waste Oil” on it and shall be transferred to disposal facilities by licensed
vehicles.
Any empty packages of chemicals to be used during operation of the power plant, which
contact chemicals, as well as used air filters upon their replacement, would pose as hazardous
wastes.
During the operation phase, any kind of hazardous waste will be sent to disposal companies
licensed by Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. Afterwards, the wastes will be
disposed in compliance with Regulation on Hazardous Wastes.
5
•
Noise
The results of prepared acoustic report have been evaluated according to “Regulation on
Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Pollution” and “IFC Environmental,
Health and Safety General Guidelines”.
In the construction phase, environmental noise value will reach to 46,0 dBA where the closest
settlement area is 1050 m distance. The daytime limit value determined in regulation and the
guideline is 70 dBA. Therefore, no negative impact is expected. It is anticipated that the
vibrations will occur by machine and equipments however, it will not affect the buildings in
settlement area considering the quite much distance.
In the operation phase, the daytime noise level to be occurred at the nearest settlement is 30.2
dBA and it is below the limit values according to national regulation and also IFC EHS
Guidelines.
6
2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
2.1 Policies
This chapter discusses the policy, legal and institutional arrangement/ framework within which
this EIA was drawn.
2.1.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation
The Turkish Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulation was enacted in view of the
national environmental policies as a result of the accepted need of identifying environmental
impacts of the defined types of plants, before they are realized.
According to the correspondence between project owner and The Ministry of Environment and
Urban Affairs; it was concluded that the project falls in to Annex 1(Projects require an
Environmental Impact Assessment) of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation with
refer to the following article;
- Article 2- Thermal power plants
a) Thermal power plants and incineration systems with a total thermal power of 300 MWt and
over.
With this regard, an “Environmental Impact Assessment Report” has been prepared and the
process has been finalised on 17.08.2011 by obtaining the EIA Positive/Affirmative
Certificate” from the Ministry of Environment And Forestry.
2.1.2 World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)
The World Bank requires EIA of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they
are environmentally sound and sustainable in order to improve decision making of the Bank on
the project. The Environment Strategy outlines the Bank’s approach to address the
environmental challenges and ensures that Bank projects and programs integrate principles of
environmental sustainability.
This study is in line with the Bank's requirements. The Bank's guideline regarding the conduct
of an EIA has been adequately followed by the EIA Team.
2.1.2.1. Requirements of Equator Principles
The project has been prepared in accordance with the frame of the Equator Principles. All
numbered principles have been evaluated in detail in the report. The principles are listed below.
Principle 1: Review and Categorisation The proposed project is categorized based on the
magnitude of its potential impacts.
7
Principle 2: Social and Environmental Assessment For each project assessed as being either
Category A or Category B, the borrower has conducted a Social and Environmental
Assessment process, appropriate to the nature and scale of the proposed project.
Principle 3: Applicable Social and Environmental Standards The project Social and
Environmental Assessment will establish the project’s compliance status with applicable IFC
Performance Standards and Industry Specific EHS Guidelines.
Principle 4: Action Plan and Management System For all Category A and Category B
projects the borrower must prepare an Action Plan to describe and prioritise the actions needed
to implement mitigation measures, corrective actions and monitoring measures necessary to
manage the impacts and risks identified in the Social and Environmental Assessment.
Principle 5: Consultation and Disclosure For all Category A and, as appropriate, Category B
projects, consultation should take place with project affected communities in a structured and
culturally appropriate manner. Materials will be made available to the public by the borrower
for a reasonable minimum period in the relevant local language and in a culturally appropriate
manner.
Principle 6: Grievance Mechanism For all Category A and, as appropriate, Category B
projects a grievance mechanism scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project will be
established. The mechanism will address concerns about the project’s social and environmental
performance promptly and transparently, in a culturally appropriate manner, and will be readily
accessible to all segments of the affected communities.
Principle 7: Independent Review For all Category A projects and, as appropriate, for
Category B projects, an independent social or environmental expert not directly associated with
the borrower will review the Assessment, Action Plan and consultation process documentation.
Principle 8: Covenants The borrower will covenant in financing documentation to comply
with applicable legislation, the Action Plan, periodic compliance reports and to decommission
facilities in accordance with an agreed decommissioning plan.
Principle 9: Independent Monitoring and Reporting For all Category A projects and, as
appropriate, for Category B projects, an independent environmental expert(s) will be appointed
to verify monitoring information.
Principle 10: Public reporting by Lenders The Equator Principles are underpinned by IFC
policies, standards and guidelines, including the IFC Performance Standards:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
PS1 Social & Environmental Assessment and Management System
PS2 Labour and Working Conditions
PS3 Pollution Prevention and Abatement
PS4 Community Health, Safety and Security
PS5 Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
PS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management
PS7 Indigenous Peoples
PS8 Cultural Heritage
8
In addition to the EP; The IFC’s Performance standards on social and environmental
sustainability and the General and Specific (for thermal power plants) Health and Safety
Guidelines has been considered during whole project.
2.2. Legal and Regulatory Framework
The relevant laws that promote environmental management in Turkey have been adequately
reviewed and applied by the EIA Team including the following:
 Regulation on the Control of Industrial Origin Air Pollution (Official Gazette Issue No
27277 of 03.07.2009 – As amended by Official Gazette Issue No 27537 of 30.03.2010)
 Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Pollution (Date:
04/06/2010, No: 27601)
 Water Pollution Control Regulation (Date: 31.12.2004, No: 25687)
 Regulation on Water for Human Consumption (Date: 17.02.2005, No: 22730)
 Solid Waste Control Regulation (Date: 14.03.1991, No: 20814)
 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (Date: 17.07 2008, No: 26939)
 Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes (Date: 14.03.2005, No: 25755)
 Regulation and Guidelines on Occupational Health and Safety (Work Law No: 4857)
 Regulation on Control of Waste Oils (Date: 30.07.2008, No: 26952)
 Regulation of Polychloride Biphenyl and Polychloride Terphenyls (PCT) (Official
Gazette Issue No 26739 of 27.12.2007)
 Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants (Official Gazette Issue No 27605 of
08.06.2010)
 Regulation on the General Principles for Waste Management (Official Gazette Issue No
26927 of 05.07.2008)
 Environmental Supervision Regulation (Official Gazette Issue No 27061 of
21.11.2008)
 Regulation on the Permissions and Licenses Required to Be Obtained As Per the
Environmental Law (Date:29.04.2009 No: 27214)
 Groundwater Law (Date: 23.12.1960, No: 10688)
 Electricity Market Law (Date: 20.2.2001, No: 4628)
 Natural Gas Market Law (Date: 18.4.2001, No: 4646)
 Environment Law (Date: 9.8.1983, No: 2872)
 Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste (Date:
18.03.2004; No: 25406)
 Related EU Directives
 Related International Conventions (as summarized below)
Bern Convention on Protection of Wildlife and Natural Habitats
This convention aims to protect the wild plant and animal species together with their natural
living environments, putting special emphasis on the endangered species. Turkey has become a
party to the Convention on 1984.
9
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
CITES Convention has developed a system which set up a condition of government permission
for the trading of endangered species of wild fauna and flora. Turkey has become a party to the
Convention on 1996.
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
The basic aim of the Convention is to emphasize the fact that ‘wetlands are important
economic, cultural, scientific and social resources and their loss is irreversible’. Turkey has
become a party to the Convention on 1994.
Biodiversity Convention (Rio Conference)
The Convention establishes three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the
sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the
use of genetic resources. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1997.
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Paris
The convention considers adoption of new provisions in the form of a convention establishing
an effective system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding
universal value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern scientific
methods. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1983.
The Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution
The Convention aims to protect the Mediterranean Sea against all sorts of pollution by the
Mediterranean countries. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1981.
Convention on Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
The convention aims to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects
resulting from the generation, management, transboundary movements and disposal of
hazardous and other wastes. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1994.
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
To create an essential framework for controlling and reducing the damage to human health and
the environment caused by transboundary air pollution. Turkey has become a party to the
Convention on 1994.
10
2.3 Institutions
The related institutions related to the installation of a new natural gas driven power plant are
listed as below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Abrogated Ministry of Environment And
Forestry)
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
Ministry of Labour and Social Security
Ministry of Science, Industry and Trade
Electricity Market Regulation Authority
State Planning Organization
General Directorate of Petroleum Works
General Directorate of Petroleum Transmission Lines Co.
Power Resources Development Administration
General Directorate of Turkish Electricity Transmission Lines Co.
General Directorate of Turkish Electricity Distribution Lines Co.
Electricity Generation Inc.
These institutions listed above are actually the stakeholders that form the framework conditions
for encouragement and support of power market.
11
3.PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1.General Project Activity
Cengiz Enerji Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. is planned to increase the capacity of “Cengiz 240 MW
Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant” to 850 MW (850MWe – 875,5MWm - 1628,5MWt)
with an increase of 610 MW (610MWe - 628,3MWm - 1168,6MWt).
After capacity addition, the power plant is expected to produce an annual electricity of
approximately 6375 GWh, in which natural gas will be used as fuel.
The Aim, Importance and Necessity of The Project
The aim of the Project is to increase energy production by increasing the capacity at the energy
production facility having low cost and high efficiency.
Particularly in electricity generation, both in the world and in our country, there is a large
increase in natural gas power plants. The most preferred source among fossil fuels is natural
gas in terms of environment. These systems highly preferred today due to advantages such as
low investment and operating costs, high efficiency, short instalment term, minimum
environmental impact, high reliability and availability began also to be quickly established in
our country since the 1980’s.
Table 1. Composition of Petroleum and Natural Gas
Component
Natural Gas Mole
Fraction
Petroleum Mole
Fraction
Methane (CH4 )
0.90
0.44
Ethane (C2H6)
0.05
0.04
Propane (C3H8)
0.03
0.04
Butane(C4H10)
0.01
0.03
Pentane (C5H12)
0.01
0.02
Hex and heavier (C6H14 and higher)
<<0.01
0.43
The approximate components of natural gas and oil are given in the table above. As it can be
seen from this table oil and natural gas consist of the combination of molecules of the same
hydrocarbon family congregated together in different compositions.
After the oil crisis experienced in 1970’s, alternative energy resources have been started to be
sought also in Turkey as in the World. In order to meet the energy needs of developing
industries and cities as a result of these searches, studies have been initiated related to the use
of natural gas in Turkey which had started rapidly to be used across the world.
12
Natural Gas Fuel Cycle Plants have been established by means of the law no. 3096 and
relevant regulations, which entered into force in 1984 and allowed private sector institutions
other than privileged companies to establish and operate electrical energy generating facilities
in order to meet the electrical heat energy of their own facilities and group members.
Natural gas is the most preferred fuel within fossil energy systems and is directly combusted in
gas turbines which have shown rapid technological movements in recent years. However, as the
efficiency obtained in gas turbines in simple cycle is maximum at a rate of %38, Combined
Cycle Systems, at which higher thermal efficiency is obtained, have become the most applied
energy technologies today to generate power from natural gas.
An intense increase in the consumption of electrical energy has been experienced in Samsun
and surrounding regions depending on years. As it can be seen in following tables and figures,
electricity is consumed at an higher amount in the province of Samsun that the total amount of
electricity consumed in the provinces of Kastamonu, Çankırı and Sinop. At the same time,
when looked at the total consumed electricity amount in the provinces of Samsun, Tokat,
Çorum and Amasya, only in the province of Samsun, we see that the amount of energy being
consumed in Samsun forms approximately the half of the total amount consumed in the 4
provinces.
Table 2. Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Surrounding Regions by Years (MWh), 2004-2009.
YEARS
KASTAMONU,
ÇANKIRI, SINOP
SAMSUN
TRABZON, ORDU,
GIRESUN, RIZE,
ARTVIN
SAMSUN, TOKAT,
ÇORUM, AMASYA
2004
683.325
1.259.763
2.139.640
2.471.800
2005
745.725
1.390.797
2.347.769
2.685.826
2006
829.667
1.674.028
2.626.438
3.107.215
2007
915.964
1.854.457
2.930.837
3.425.399
2008
1.045.334
1.959.868
3.127.603
3.662.901
2009
1.072.596
1.927.090
3.241.115
3.623.229
13
Total Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Its Vicinity
3500000
3000000
MWh
2500000
Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop
2000000
1500000
Samsun
1000000
Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize,
Artvin
500000
0
2004 2005
2006 2007
2008 2009
Years
Figure 1. Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Surrounding Regions by Years 1995-2005.
As it can be seen from the graphic provided above, intense electricity production was not
conducted in the region in proportion to the years of intense electricity consumption
encountered in the province of Samsun. On the contrary, a decline has been experienced in the
production of electricity in recent years.
Considering that, a substantial portion of electrical energy produced in Turkey is lost in lines
during the transportation routes at energy transmission lines, the need of the region in this sense
for the production of electrical energy can be clearly seen.
According to the IX. Development Plan which entered into force after being issued in the
Official Gazette No. 26215, dated 01.07.2006, an increase at an average of 6,2 percent is
expected in primary energy demand in proportion to economic and social development. It is
foreseen that the share of 28% of natural gas in energy consumption in 2005 will increase to
34% and that the share of oil products will decrease from 37% to 31%. On the other hand, it is
projected that electricity demand will show an increase of 8.1 percent per year in parallel with
the developments primarily in industry production and in the service sector.
14
Table 3. Energy Demands For 2006-2013
Energy Targets
2006
2013
2007-2013*
Primary Energy Demand (BTEP)
96.560
147.400
6,2
Electricity Energy Demand (GWH)
171.450
295.500
8,1
Turkey’s developing and growing economic structure and its fast growing young and dynamic
population raises the necessity to meet the growing energy demand at a rate of %7-8 within the
next 15 years.
In parallel with the increasing number of industrial facilities with the project, it is aimed to
meet the energy needs of these facilities in the region and to provide cost-effective and quality
energy to consumers in compliance with the energy market legislation and regulations and
within the framework of the free energy market competitive conditions.
With the realization of this planned project and other energy generation facilities, it is of great
importance in terms of reliable economy and environmental impacts to solve the power
shortage of Turkey in a clean way, which Turkey might face in the near future
With the capacity addition in the said facility, if compared with other power generation
facilities, an environmental-friendly, relatively low cost and reliable energy source will be
ensured.
Technology of the Project
Natural gas is a mixture of light molecular weight hydrocarbons such as methane (CH4), ethane
(C2H6) and propane (C3H8). They can be found alone or in conjunction with oil underground.
Like oil, natural gas is also found in the pores of rocks and reaches production wells upon
flowing through rocks. Natural gas is separated at surface and contained heavy hydrocarbons
(butane, pentane, etc.) are removed. Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel that we use in our
homes. In the event of combustion of natural gas carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen
oxides are emerging. Oil and natural gas are consisting of the same type hydrocarbon
molecules as the names are given to fluids in liquid and gas phases respectively. Natural gas
may be found alone in underground as it also might be found in oil reservoirs as gas hood and /
or as dissolved in oil. While natural gas consists mostly of C1-C5 hydrocarbons, oil contains
C1-C60 + (C60 and heavier) hydrocarbons. Dissolved gas in oil is the most important energy
source that provides oil to flow into the well.
The structure of a production block in a Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant and its
operation mechanism is briefly as following:
Each combined cycle production block contains a Gas Turbine-Engine + Gas Turbine-Motor
Generator + Waste Heat Boiler + Condenser Unit + Steam Turbine + Steam Turbine Generator.
In addition to these, Dry Type Cooling Towers or Water Cooled Wet Type Cooling Towers +
15
Water Treatment Facility + Switchgear Facility + Control and Control Systems are also
included within the scope of the project 3.
Production blocks of Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants operate independently of each
other. Electricity generation is carried out in two different stages. Natural gas mixed with air is
burned in gas turbines and turns a generator which is on the same shaft of the turbine and
electricity is produced at the first stage. At the same time, hot gases emerging from this
combustion are sent to the waste heat boiler to produce steam from this heat. The steam having
reached the necessary pressure and temperature is sent to the steam turbine and turns the
turbine. By means of the generator being on the same shaft of the turbine, second stage
electricity is produced.
The steam from the steam turbine is condensed in condensers by means of cooling water and is
converted into the water. The condensed water accumulating in the lower section of the
condenser is sent to boilers for re-boiling. The steam produced in boilers, is sent to the steam
turbine and the cycle is completed. To keep the maximum level of efficiency, boiler steam
pressure is produced in three different levels (high, medium, low). In this way, the hot gas in
boilers will be utilized as much as possible. The work flow scheme of the proposed Project is
given below.
3
Electricity Generation and Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants in Turkey (Prof. Dr. Fikret Keskinel)
16
Figure 2. NGCCPP Work Flow Scheme
Synchronously to recent technological developments, gas turbines have reached very high
efficiencies and their economy has rapidly increased. Thus, new generation industrial gas
turbines have reached high reliability allowing operation for long periods with low
maintenance. If evaluated in technical terms, gas turbine systems;
• Kinetic energy which
is created by the combustion of natural gas and air mixture (12-35 bar)
in the combustion chamber turns the generator by means of the turbine and transmission.
Electrical energy is obtained through the rotation of the generator.
• The temperature at exhaust outputs of gas turbine systems is at a temperature of about 500600 °C.
• With the help of a heat exchanger (waste heat boiler) direct saturated and/or hot water is
obtained from the gas turbine output.
Fuel To Be Used
Natural gas to be used within the scope of the project is planned to be supplied from the natural
gas pipeline of BOTAŞ (Petroleum Transportation with Pipelines Inc.) which is located to the
east of the project site. SAMGAZ Doğal Gaz Dağıtım A.Ş will actualize natural gas intake
from the BOTAŞ pipeline in order conduct the distribution of natural gas in the province of
17
Samsun. The “Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant” which of the capacity is planned to be
increased within the scope of the project, will take the natural gas required for energy
generation from the pipelines of SAMGAZ Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş. The map showing the
BOTAŞ pipeline in the region and the minute designated between BOTAŞ and SAMGAZ
Doğal Gaz Dağıtım A.Ş is provided in Annex-5.
Natural gas will be used as the only fuel at the facility and natural gas storage will not be
conducted. In the event that natural gas cannot be provided to the facility, any other raw
material will not be used and the facility will not continue its activity. The fuel to be used will
be supplied from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş, which is one of the companies in the Energy
unit of Cengiz Holding and the total hourly natural gas consumption will be 170.000 m3. The
thermal power of the facility is approximately 1628,5 MW and the thermal power calculation is
given below.
Table 4. Thermal Power Calculation
Natural Gas Thermal Power
8.250 kCal / Sm3
Amount of Natural Gas to be used in the Facility
170.000 m3/ hour
47,22 Sm3/ s
Thermal Power
8.250 kCal/Sm3 x 47,22 Sm3/s
389.583,3 kCal/s
389.583,3 kCal/s x 4,18 j/cal
1.628.458,3 kj/sn
1.628,5 MW
After the pressure of natural gas is reduced in the pressure reduction station electricity will be
generate upon being burned in the engine. Evaporation which is to emerge after exhaust gas is
passed through steam boilers will be passed through the steam turbine and additional electricity
will be produced. The characteristics of natural gas to be used is given in the following table.
Table 5. Characteristics of Natural Gas to be taken from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş.
Upper Thermal Value (kcal/m3)
9,042.93
3
Lower Thermal Power (kcal/m )
8,144.94
Specific Weight
0.56601
Standard Density
0.69360
N2
0.8468%
CO2
0.0498%
METHAN
98.0670%
ETHAN
0.7096%
PROPAN
0.2346%
I-BUT
0.0387%
N-BUT
0.0383%
I-PEN.
0.0076%
N-PEN.
0.0054%
HEXZA
0.0024%
The facility at which a capacity addition is planned will be operated as combined cycle. In the
combined cycle, it is benefited from exhaust gases emerging from the gas turbine by means of a
18
waste heat boiler and steam is produced. Steam being produced is taken to steam turbines and
electrical energy generation is continued. In this way, high efficiency electric power generation
is performed at the facility.
The Energy Production Plant which of the EIA Positive Certificated is obtained is designed in 2
blocks and electricity will be produced in both blocks with one new technology LMS 100 Gas
Turbine. With the use of the exhaust from these two gas turbines, there will be two HRSG
Waste Heat Boilers (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) that will produce steam. Steam to be
obtained from these boilers will be sent to one Steam Turbine unit. With the use of steam from
this turbine electrical energy will be produced.
With the capacity addition another block will be added to the facility. Thus, the plant will
consist of 3 blocks. The following table gives information about the current status of the facility
and about the units to be added with capacity addition.
Table 6. NGCCPP Current Status
LMS 100 GTG Gas Turbine Generator Set
1 per Unit
Flue (Bypass)
1 per Unit
Waste Heat Recovery
1 per Unit
Auxilliary Units
1 per Unit
Steam Turbine Generator Building
1
Feed Water Pumps
2 per Unit
Cooling Water Pumps with Sea Water
4 per Unit t
Gas Compressors
1
Gas Cooler
2 per Unit
Gas Filters
1 per Unit
Water Conditioning Plant
1
Pure Water Storage Tank
1
Pure Water Tanks
1 per Unit
Pure Water Filters
1 per Unit
Air Compressor
2 per Unit
Power Control Unit
1
Gas Compressor Transformer
1 per Unit
Auxiliary Transformers
1 per Unit
Motor Control Panels
1 per Unit
Switchyard
1
19
Table 7. Units to be added with NGCCPP Capacity addition
Gas turbine and Auxiliary Units
Generator
Steam turbine and Auxiliary Units
Waste Heat Boiler
Transformers and Switchyard Center
Fuel System
AG and OG Systems
Natural Gas Regulator System and Gas PreHeatment System
Instrument and Service Air Compressor System
Auxiliary Boiler System
Sea Water Cooling Water System Additional Units
Information on units to be added is given below.
Gas Turbine Unit
It is the unit where natural gas and air compressed in the compressor area is mixed and burned
and where subsequently mechanical power is obtained as a result of the move of the shaft to
which also the generator is connected. The gas turbine provides an electrical power of 390
MW. The air compression ratio is 19:1. Before air is absorbed from external environment to the
gas turbine it is filtered. Exhaust gas which emerges as a result of combustion goes to the boiler
to be evaluated in waste heat boilers.
Gas Turbine Auxiliary Units












Natural Gas Pressure and Temperature Adjustment Unit
Turbine Bearing Lubricating Unit
Shaft Rolling Gear System
Compressor Cleaning System
Air Intake Filtration and Conditioning System
Exhaust Gas System
Ventilation System
Noise Isolation System
Automatic Fire Detection System
CO2 Fire Extinguishing System
Gas Detection System
Turbine Control System
Waste Heat Boiler System
In thermal power plants, regarding the energy conversion in cycle, the release of combustion
gases to the environment which emerge as a result of burning fuel in the boiler and during and
discarded steam in the condenser being cooled and re-passed to liquid phase, a large amount of
heat is released to the environment.
20
A vast majority of the heat energy provided from fuel in order to ensure the continuity of the
cycle in thermal plants is emitted from the condenser and the fuel. As it is technically not
possible to produce electricity from this energy which has to be emitted to the atmosphere, this
heat energy is called as waste heat.
The use of flue waste heat which is one of the two waste heat sources at thermal power plants
decrease the temperature of flue gas. However, this temperature has a lower limit depending on
the content of the fuel since in the event that flue gas temperature falls below a certain value,
the acidic gas would pass to liquid phase and the flue would be damaged. As a result of this,
although having a higher temperature, waste heat energy from the flue forms only a small
portion of the total usable waste heat potential at the plant. For this reason, the priority of waste
heat evaluation at thermal power plants is the heat energy emitted from the condenser which
has a higher potential. As the heat temperature of waste heat at the condenser is at a level of 3540°C, its quality is low and it requires additional investment in housing and greenhouses using
conventional heating systems (low temperature heating system investment). For this reason, as
investment will increase although the cost of this waste heat is lower, it use in current housing
and greenhouses is usually not economical. In waste heat evaluation applications at power
plants, indirect methods like the use of intermediate steam is used instead of the use of waste
heat emitted to the environment directly from the condenser.
The use of these indirect methods are also investigated in the TSAD Project.
The Investigation of Methods of the Conversion, Development of Thermal Power Plant Waste
Heat to Benefits and Heating Application of Buildings which of the objective is to enhance
Energy Efficiency in energy production by evaluating plant waste heat potential in the most
effective way – Within the scope of the TSAD project, there are thermal power plants in our
country which operate under EÜAŞ and Subsidiaries (YEAŞ, KEAŞ, SEAŞ ve HEAŞ) 4.
Useful heat energy to be obtained at thermal power plants can be used in various fields which
are;
•
•
•
District Heating Systems
District Cooling Systems
Heating Purposes in Greenhouses
The planned power plant’s efficiency is 60%. The waste heat from gas engines will be taken to
waste heat boilers and will be used in the steam-obtaining from water process. The steam
obtained through waste heat boilers will be evaluated in the steam turbine and subsequently in
the generation of electricity. The temperature of the gas released from the flue is around 100 °C
and remains well below the emission limit values. Although that the investor company dos not
have a waste heat evaluation project in current situation, the investor company will examine
the above given waste heat assessment methods during the operation phase and will those have
projected if found appropriate.
Demineralised water steam is obtained at waste heat boilers by evaluating the exhaust gas from
gas turbines. There is steam at 3 different pressure stages at the boiler. These 3 separate steam
4
www.tsad.org.tr
21
is sent to the steam turbine after being superheated steam from particular section of the waste
heat boiler. As the thermal power plant is a combined cycle system, steam which is operated in
the turbine is resend to the boiler after being condensed and thus the system operates in a
closed loop manner. Dwindling water is approximately 46 tons/hour which is supplied from the
demineralization plant. The exhaust gas system is emitted from the flue at about 100 degree
after being used at the waste heat boiler.
Steam Turbine
It is 220 MW. 3 separate steam obtained from the waste heat boiler is sent to the superheated
steam turbine and converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. Mechanical energy rotates
the turbine shaft and the generator located on the same shaft performs electricity production.
Used steam is sent to the condenser and from here to the waste heat boiler feed water tank by
means of condensate pumps. Sub-units at the Steam Turbine system are as following:







Lubrication Oil System
Hydraulic Control System
Main Steam Lines and Instrumentation
Steam Bypass Stations
Vacuum System
Turbine Condensate System
Turbine Control System
Generator
The Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine which are located on the same shaft with a single shaft
design transfer mechanical energy to the generator on the same shaft. The generator capacity is
approximately 610 MW. The following are located on the generator;
 Sealing Lubricating System
 Bearing Lubrication System
 Cooling System with Hydrogen
Natural Gas Pressure Reducing and Gas Pre-Heatment and Filtration System
Gas pressure on the pressure values that are required for gas turbine system because it is not
considered by the gas pressure line must be regulated. A pressure of about 41 bar is required in
front of the gas turbine. The capacity of the natural gas system is around 65 tons/hour. At the
same time, the gas heating process is both increase in efficiency and condensation at low
temperatures which is required as it constitutes a risk for the machine. Gas filtration is
necessary to prevent ingress of undesirable gases. Particles above 2 µm are hold during the
filtration system.
Instrument and Service Air Compressor System
Instrument air is used in valves instruments operating with air in the system. Service air is used
in workshops for maintenance purposes. The amount of air to be used in the system is
approximately 400 Nm3/h. Air pressure is 7 bar and dew point is around -40 degree.
22
Sea Water Cooling System
The sea water system is used to cool the closed loop condensate water at the steam turbine
condenser. As the system operates completely under closed loop logic, water having cooled the
condernser is returned to the sea. Sea water is moved from pools close to the plant to the
system by means of pumps. The line pressure will be max. 4 bar as the flow rate will be
approximately 36.000 m3/hour. The use of sea water together with the current system would be
60 000 m3/hour.
Auxiliary Boiler System
The auxiliary boiler will be used to keep the steam turbine and waste heat boiler ready or for
early commissioning when units are not in operation. It is natural gas fuelled. It will produce 11
bar 190 degree 15 tons/hour steam.
Below, a Typical Natural Gas Combine Cycle Power Plant, the process flow chart of the plant
and a representative image of the process are given.
23
Figure 3. Typical Natural Gas Combine Cycle Power Plant
24
Figure 4. Flow Process Chart of Plant
25
Figure 5. Process Representative Image
26
Electrical energy obtained with the use of natural gas at the facility will be delivered to the
national transmission line aiming to contribute to meeting the energy needs of Turkey.
Electricity to be generated in the plant will be connected to the network at two points of a
connection voltage of 380 kV. The connection of the facility at which a capacity addition will
be conducted will be delivered to the Cengiz 380 kV switchyard centre to be newly built and
from here to the Çarşamba – Altınkaya line by means of energy transmission lines to be newly
established and to the San-Sal Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant in the event that it is
constructed.
Within the scope of the project the operation period of the plant is determined as 7.000
hours/year and the economic life of the project is determined as 30 years. The facility will
operate 11 months in a year at full load and in 3 shifts.
The flow charts of the project units are given in Annex-6. The Work Flow Diagram
summarizing the project phases is given in the following figure and the Time Schedule of the
project is provided in Annex-7.
27
Survey and • Site Selection and Layout Plan
• EIA Study
Project
Studies
• Basic Design and Engineering Studies
• Finalization of Design Studies
• Signing of Connection and System Use Agreements
Civil Works • Submission of Final Compliance Report
• Detailed Design
Large
Orders
• Gas Turbines
• Boilers
• Steam Turbine
• Automation and Control Systems
• Switchyard Plant and Equipment
• Transformers
• Cooling Towers
• Water Treatment Plant
• Natural Gas Compressor Plant
• Site Preparation and Construction Works
• Turbine-Generator Foundation Works
• Buildings and Auxiliary Units Foundation Works
Constructio • Equipment Erection
n/Erection • Piping
• Installation of Electrical Equipment
• Simple Cycle Preliminary Cold Tests and Controls
• First Ignition
• Unit Load Import / Synchronization
• Simple Cycle Performance Tests / Completion of the Unit
Commision • Combined Cycle Preliminary Cold Tests and Controls
ing
• Issuance of Steam to the Turbine
• Unit Load Import / Synchronization
• Combined Cycle Performance Tests / Completion of the Unit
Figure 6. Process Flow Diagram
28
3.2. Location of the Project
The Project is located in the province of Samsun, Tekkeköy District, Selyeri Region. The project
area has been identified as an Energy Production Plant on the 1/5000 scale Master Development
Plan.
At the northwest of the Project Area, there is the Samsun 2 Mobil Power Plant currently established
under the Ordinary Partnership of Cengiz İnşaat San. ve Tic. A.Ş and Cengiz Enerji San. ve Tic.
A.Ş and approximately 1,5 km northwest of the area there is Eti Bakır A.Ş. which is also a Cengiz
Holding subsidiary. Approximately 1,9 km west of the area there is the Samsun Fertilizer Industry
and 3,3 km northwest there is the Samsun Machinery Industry.
The nearest residential areas to the Project Area are the settlement units at the Selyeri Region
located approximately 1050 m south of the area and approximately 3,5 km southwest of the area
there is the Tekkeköy District Centre. Immediately east of the project area there is the drainage
channel which is located 1 km east of the Black Sea area. Access to the plant area will be provided
by the asphalt road allocating from the Samsun-Ordu highway. The site location map of the project
area is given in Annex-8.
The facility subject to the project is located on the Energy Production Plant Area on the 1/5.000
scale Master Development Plan (See Annex-9) and on the Industry Area on the 1/100.000 scale
Environmental Master Plan and 1/50.000 scale Samsun Environmental Master Plan (See Annex10, Annex-11).
The coordinates for the energy production plant capacity addition facility area are provided in the
following table. The 1/25.000 scale Topographic Map showing the facility location is provided in
Annex-12.
The ED-50 UTM 6 degree coordinates of the project area and deep sea discharge are provided in
the following table.
Table 8. UTM Coordinates of the Project Area
Point no: Y
X
288710.877
4568645.894
1
288746.721
4568644.656
2
288754.330
4568864.957
3
288827.103
4568865.071
4
288817.936
4568599.702
5
6
288996.422
4568593.537
7
288986.011
4568509.459
288706.233
4568511.432
8
29
Table 9 Pipe line (from the Pool to the Sea)
Point no:
Y
X
1
288515.138
4568530.442
2
288462.274
4568704.859
3
288408.146
4568881.825
4
288400.916
4569007.765
5
288400.073
4569142.588
6
288396.678
4569274.876
7
288392.708
4569412.219
Below, the satellite map of the proposed Project and the existing facility is shown.
CENGİZ 240 MW
NGCCPP
Project Site
Figure 7. Satellite Image of the Project Area (1)
30
Project
Figure 8. Satellite Image of the Project Area (2)
31
Figure 9. The photo showing the project site
The representative image provided from the provider of the gas and steam turbines are given below.
Figure 10. Representative Photo
Technical drawing of process units are also provided in Annex-13.
32
Within the scope of the project, the use of an area of 46.000 m2 is in question which of 38.750 m2 is
open area and 7250 m2 I closed area. Number of floors, their height and area to be included in 7250
m2 closed area is provided below. The facility general layout is seen on the Layout Plan provided in
Annex-14.








Main Building
Boiler Pump Building
OG, AG and Local Control Building
Water Preparation and Storage Building
Workshop and Storage Building
Dining Hall and Cafeteria
Auxiliary Boiler Building
Auxiliary Transformer Building
: 1 floor, 60x50 m = 3000 m2, Height: 24 m
: 2 floors, 25x16 m = 400 m2, Height: 12 m
:1 floor, 15x10 m =150 m2, Height: 18 m
33
4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA
The Equator Principles recommend an environmental and social assessment. Below the
relevant principle is given;
Principle 2: Social and Environmental Assessment
For each project assessed as being either Category A or Category B, the borrower has
conducted a Social and Environmental Assessment process, appropriate to the nature and scale
of the proposed Project.
To conduct such assessment, first the baseline conditions should be known. This chapter
provides information on the physical, biological and socio-economic elements of the
environment, which shall be used as benchmarks for future monitoring. The area considered for
assessment of baseline conditions of whole Samsun region which will be large enough in extent
to include all potential impacts from the proposed project.
4.1. Physical, Biological and Social Environment
4.1.1 Geological Characteristics
Regional Geology
The study area is located south of the mobile plant owned by Cengiz Energy within the
boundaries of the Kutlukent Municipality in the Tekkeköy District, province of Samsun. The
area has a straight topography.
Although there are alluvials in the young delta plains in the region, old alluvial is observed at
terraces separated with steep slopes. The transition area to the southern highlands sector is
covered with Neogene, clayey-calcareous sediments. Coastal mountains are composed of
Cretaceous lavas. There are clay-gravel sediments located in the inner parts of the same
mountains. Neogene sediments in the inland areas and in places covered with alluvial plains in
the south 1 and 2 Cretaceous and Eocene rocks found in the sprouts of the old and curly. In
large areas, volcanic formations are observed again. Eocene, Cretaceous, and Neogene-term
formations are frequently seen in the region. Junction of the Green river in the southern border
of the province territory Göksu spread to large areas of the Upper Cretaceous formations.
Eocene formations are encountered on the east of the Abdal River. These formations
continuoing on the east of the Yeşilırmak River are usually composed of sandstones, marls and
conglomerates. The northern half of the region is covered completely with Holocene new
alluvium. On these areas sand-gravel and blocks carried by the Yeşilırmak River are observed.
The geological map of the region from southwest to east is tapering along the Kelkit Stream,
again a large footprint in Ağvanis region being regarded as the oldest formation. However, this
series is likely to be found inside almost all found metamorphosed have destroyed or made
fossils unrecognizable. Therefore, the age of the metamorphic series is unknown. In general,
although accepted as Paleozoic, it is most likely that Mesozoic layers are also included.
The 1/25.000 scale geology map showing the project area is given in Annex-15.
34
Stratigraphic Geology
The stratigraphic cross-section outcropping on the project area and its vicinity is given in
following figure.
Figure 11. Stratigraphic Cross-Section of the Study Area and its Vicinity
35
Mesozoıc
Upper Cretaceous
• Cankurtaran Formation (Kc)
The formation is composed of tuff, tuffite, sandy limestone and marl intermediate-level
sandstone- shale. The formation, located on the fault between KAF and Erikli Fault axis and
flanks is outcropping on an area of approximately 1500 km2. The unit is alternating usually in
sandstone-shale. Formation has deposited in a deep marine environment.
• Akveren Formation (Kta)
It consists of sandy limestone, limestone and marl alternation. The formation is in the state of
sandstone, sandy limestone, marl and shale alternation at lower levels. It continuous as
limestone-marl alternation in middle and upper levels.
Cainozoic
Tertiary
Palaeocene
• Atbaşı Formation (Ta)
It consists of gray colored sandstone and burgundy colored marl. The typical cross-section of
the formation is located to the south of the Düzören village. The unit consists of thin-medium
bedded, beige-coloured limestone, red sandy limestone and marl alternation. The formation
thickness is approximately 150-450 meters.
Eocene
• Kusuri Formation (Tk)
Gray marl consists of sandstone and cream-colored limestone and calcareous sandstone
alternation. It outcrops on the west and south of Samsun. The formation is thinly bedded
sandstone, marl and thickly shaped tuffite at the base. In the upper succession in continnues in
the form of basalt, tuff, agglomerate. Agglomerates, in a matrix of tuff is formed of andasite,
basalt, dacite, gravel and blocks.
The İlyaslı member of the Samsun formation uncomfortably overlies the formation. The lower
boundary is bordered with the Erikli fault.
•
Tekkeköy Formation (Tt)
The formation consists of sandstone, marl and tuffite alternation at the base and from basalt and
anglomerate. The unit outcrops on a large area between the Erikli fault and Black Sea.
36
The formation is in the form of thinly bedded sandstone, marl and thick-layered tuffite at the
base. Towards upper succession it continues in the form of basalt, anglomerate and tuffite.
Anglomerate consists of andesite, basalt, dacite, pebbles and block within a tuffite matrix.
The İlyaslı member of the Samsun formation overlies uncomfortably the formation. The
thickness of the formation is about 1000 meters. The formation has been accepted as MiddleUpper Eocene. The unit is a volcanic and volcano sequence. Basalt lava in upper levels and the
existence of anglomerate shows that the middle part is shallowed.
• Samsun Formation
The unit consist of grey-blue marine marl gypsum and clay intermediate level including
sandstone, siltstone and conglomerate in lower levels and at the transition level and upper
section of terrestrial conglomerate (pebbles) covering siltstone, sandstone and marl lenses.
Marine marl forming the lower levels of the Samsun formation and the transition level İlyas
Member (Tsi) over it and conglomerate forming the top part are called as the Karasamsun
member (Tsk).
-İlyas Member (Tsi)
This unit starts with a base conglomerate consisting of volcanic pebbles. The upper gray-bluecolored clay with marine marl and gypsum and intermediate leveled sandstone and siltstone
and conglomerate levels. It is outcropping on the west of the Kürtün River, on an area which
also covers the residential area between the Mert and Kürtün Rivers. The thickness is about 130
meters. It has been aged as Upper Miocene – Lower Miocene based on the fossil community. It
is deposited in an lagoonal-marine environment.
-Karasamsun Member (Tsk)
It consists of terrestrial conglomerate which forms the upper level of the Samsun formation. As
the unit is resistant to erosion, it outcrops on ridges and hills. It is widely outcropping around
the Karasamsun ridge, Kalkanlı and Köydüzü ridge, Karasamsun region, Çatalarmut village
and Toroman Hill.
The base of the unit is grade-transitioned with the transition level that forms the top section of
the İlyas member and is overlaid by alluvial deposits. The unit consists of sandstone, siltstone
and marl containing lenses, tightly attached to the middle, in places, composed of wellcemented conglomerates. Type of conglomerate pebbles mostly basalt-andesite volcanic rock, a
small amount of limestone, sandstone and marl. Marl with siltstone and sandstone lenses in
places, cross-layer thickness is of 1-2 m, 5-10 mm; length varies between 1-20 meters. The
thickness of the member starts at about 70 meters. This thickness is increasing towards the
Black Sea. Due to being grade-transitioned with the İlyas member, it has been aged as lower
Pliocene. The unit is deposited in river environment.
37
Quartenary
Holocene
•Alluvium (Qal)
The largest alluvium expansions are observed around Tekkeköy, on the western part of the
Yeşilırmak Delta and at sections where the flow rate of Kızılırmak is decreasing. Quartenary
sediments observed along the Kızılırmak Valley consist of loose sand, gravel, silt and mil. The
alluvium formed by the Kürtün and Mert Rivers at Samsun center have a thickness between 2050 meters.
Tectonic
The region is outcropped by forming an anticline of the Cretaceous and Eocene strata exposed
to the Alpine orogeny. Thr Eocene flysch overlying the upper Cretaceous with discordance is in
the same direction with the Cretaceous flysch. Neogene layers covering the Eocene with
discordance forward to northeast or to the north with an inclination of 50-150. Fractured lines
which are created as a result of tectonism mainly reach the deep and thus to Cretaceous and
along fractures in the Eocene andesite, basalt and exhumation splits and sometimes participated
in stratification.
The main neotectonic period structure and earthquake source of the region is the NAFS (North
Anatolian Fault System). The NAFS has a length of about 1600 km right directed being a
dextral transform qualified active plate boundary (Şengör 1979). The research area is NAFS
linear on the eastern parts and on the western parts of the splash zone areas include the
development of a wide range of branches and leaves. NAFS on the east and from Gölova until
Niksar on the west it continues as simple and linear. It makes both a right leap in the Niksar
region and is separated to the south to branches which are concave. At the Niksar çek-ayır
basin, the main stran of NAFS which makes a right leap continues in northwest direction after
this basin. The Ezinepazarı fault which is also an important tributary of NAFS seperates from
Niksar and continues to the Çankırı Basin towards the south (Şaroğlu et al., 1992).
Throughout the history, on the 1/500.000 scale Samsun plot where also the the project area is
located NAFS sourced earthquakes have occurred. The 1939 Erzincan (M=7.9) earthquake
which formed a 350 km long surface rupture, 26 November 1943 Ladik (M = 7.2) earthquake
(Şaroğlu et al, 1992), 20 December 1942 Erbaa-Niksar (M = 7.1) earthquake (Bozkurt, 2001)
are the largest earthquakes although being far to the project area. Although tha the study area is
affected by large earthquakes, landslides triggered by earthquakes in the region are not
available.
Geomorphology
The project area is located in the central parts of the North Anatolian Mountains. Under this
heading, the geomorphologic structure of the 1/500.000 scale Samsun Plot is given on which
the project area is also located.
The middle row of the North Anatolian mountains are lower than the east and west segments.
The average height of the mountains at the Central Black Sea is between 1000-2000 m. The
38
upper sections of these mountain sequence is in the form of a plateau which corresponds to
former erosion surfaces. During the periods when this plateau was not fragmented, Yeşilırmak
which flows by forming meanders was slowly eroding this mass and formed the Ayvacık Strait
(Atalay and Mortan, 2003). In terms of general physiographic features of the geomorphology of
the region, the region is divided into three sub-relief groups as the Canik Mountains, the North
Anatolian Fault Corridor and the Central Anatolian Plateau.
Regional morphological structures in the study area formed by NAFS are separated from each
other in the form of different units as northern and southern tectonic grooves. The northern
slopes of the high relief group created by the Canik Mountains which remain in the north are
fragmented with frequent river network which drain into the Black Sea. Valleys forming this
river network are short but have a high inclination. The peak sections of the mountain ridge,
throughout the narrow areas on the north of the Kelkit Valley are in the form of plateaus
corresponding to swept plains. By means of the river system erosion developed by northern
slopes it narrows this plateau area towards the south. The south of the mountain range is
bounded by the tectonic groove created by NAFS. At the central and western sections of this
relief group, the Niksar-Erbaa depression areas are situated with a sharp morphological margin.
However, on the east, the southern boundary of this relief group shows a smoother transition by
the the separation of the Kelkit Stream from the NAFS groove. In these sections, valley system
which cause erosion at the southern slopes of the Canik Mountain Belt merge to the Kelkit
Stream.
The Kelkit Stream then forms a linear valley until Niksar along NAFS on the east-west line.
The Kelkit Valley has narrow and steep slopes which is a tectonic controlled developed valley.
Valley slopes are frequent but eroding with a network of shallow streams. In this region, the
Kelkit Valley is represented approximately in east-west direction but the side-arms, and nearvertical position perpendicular to the direction of north-south valleys are represented by
frequent and short directions. At Niksar, the tectonic valley which developes due to NAFS
subsides and there are suppression areas which also develop due to this system. At NiksarErbaa subsidence areas are areas occurred by the right leap of the NAFS. On the south of
NAFS, the northern edge sections of the Central Anatolian Plateau are situated. Yeşilırmak
which drains into this plateau is situated immediately south of the Kelkit Valley and is
positioned in parallel to this valley. There is a height difference of approximately 500 m
between these two systems which are very close to each other. On the plateau, there are the
valley systems which form the Yeşilırmak upper basin. In general, the length of the valleys to
the east side of the developing and participating in the main valley is less than the northern
slopes. The northern limit of the plateau east of the study area is bounded by NAFS. For this
reason, these parts of the plateau to the north, gained a short but steep slope Kelkit River valley
systems. On the eastern sections of the Plateau, the mountain ridge through which also
Yesilirmak is passing there is the Tokat basin situated. Further east, because of the arms
separated from NAFS, tectonically controlled and enhanced valley systems are observed. In
addition, the Yesilirmak River forms the Yeşilırmak Delta which has an area of 600 km2
bordering the Black Sea.
Hydrogeology
The region where the activity area is located starts from the Kirazlı region which is 3 km east of
the Samsun city center, includes the Tekkeköy, Çarşamba and Terme districts extending up to
39
the Akçay Creek which forms the Samsun-Ordu provincial border on the east and is called as
the “Çarşamba Delta Plain”. The plain begins at sea level in the west and extends to the east by
passing through the foothills which are rising towards the south.
The aquifer ceiling depth on the left coast of Yeşilırmak is generally between 4 to 40 meters.
The thickness of the aquifer varies between 1-20. Aquifer levels usually consist of gravel,
clayey-sandy gravel, silt-sand-shells and of gravel and silty sand. The conductivity coefficiency
of operating drilling wells opened for Toros Gübre and Eti Bakır Enterprises on the west of the
plain and for the Aksa Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises varies between 50 and 2064
m2/day and specific yield between 0.61 l / s / m and 10.86 l / s / m.
According to the “Turkey’s Groundwater Potential and Use Status Report” prepared by the
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, General Directorate of DSI,
Planning-Design Reserve Control Branch Office, the total exploitable groundwater reserves
available in the center of the province of Samsun and its vicinity where the project area is
located has been determined as 22,5hm3/year. From this depth up to 60 meters saline water was
observed.
Geology Of The Study Area
In drilling works carried out on the study area, dark gray colour, thin-medium grained,
subsequent to marine sand, soft-smelling loam Clay-Silty Clay units at a thickness of 26.5028.50m were encountered. The detailed geological and geotechnical survey report of the study
area is given in Annex-16.
Seismicity
The project area which is located in the province of Samsun, Tekkeköy District is located
within a 2nd degree seismic belt according to the Turkey’s Map of Earthquake Regions by the
Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (1996). During the final project phase, the principles
set forth in the “Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed on Disaster Zones” shall be
considered. The active fault map of Turkey on which the project area is also located is provided
in
Figure 14. The Earthquake Map on which the project area is located is given in Figure
13 . Earthquakes measured on the project area and its vicinity and their relevant magnitudes are
provided in following table.
Table 10. Earthquakes Measured on the Project Area and its Vicinity and their relevant Magnitudes.
Latitude
Date
Time
(GMT)
Longitude
Depth (km)
Magnitude
02.04.2008
10:14
40.62
34.79
5
4,1
29.03.2008
03:12
40.65
34.73
5
4,5
14.01.2008
02:06
40.56
34.76
7
4,3
29.04.2005
22:28
40.70
34.86
13
4,6
03.02.2004
11:50
40.65
36.52
5
4
27.09.2003
19:34
40.61
35.82
5
4,2
03.05.2001
06:10
40.56
36.66
5
4,1
05.04.1999
07:57
40.74
35.27
0
4
08.03.1997
23:01
40.78
35.44
5
6
28.02.1997
00:03
40.68
35.30
5
4,7
07.12.1996
23:13
40.67
35.22
5
4
40
22.11.1996
25.09.1996
12.09.1996
11.09.1996
09.09.1996
25.08.1996
25.08.1996
21.08.1996
20.08.1996
20.08.1996
19.08.1996
14.08.1996
14.08.1996
14.08.1996
14.08.1996
14.08.1996
14.08.1996
14.08.1996
14.08.1996
29.07.1996
17.03.1996
12.06.1993
03.06.1993
12.05.1992
12.02.1992
12.02.1992
31.05.1988
03.09.1985
10.06.1985
10.06.1985
07.12.1981
15.07.1975
01.08.1973
17.04.1971
17.10.1970
10.07.1970
07.08.1969
12.08.1967
24.03.1965
21.09.1964
01.04.1962
19.08.1954
04.09.1950
30.09.1944
07.12.1943
20.12.1942
11.12.1942
02.12.1942
21.11.1942
23.08.1940
04.01.1940
28.12.1939
27.12.1939
27.12.1939
05.03.1935
11:59
01:52
16:37
14:33
06:05
13:58
03:54
02:17
23:25
03:32
04:47
19:47
12:41
12:04
11:24
10:32
02:59
02:25
01:55
22:04
14:12
08:58
07:46
23:38
15:59
15:55
21:06
08:47
12:02
11:41
21:17
21:59
19:56
16:37
01:50
13:29
01:57
16:59
06:59
18:07
01:39
21:03
12:17
04:13
01:19
14:03
02:39
19:04
14:01
05:11
20:44
02:23
22:34
20:00
16:10
40.68
40.71
41.67
40.78
40.84
40.72
40.93
40.75
40.73
40.68
40.66
41.09
40.69
40.87
40.71
40.74
40.79
40.78
40.74
40.85
40.71
40.62
40.89
40.84
40.55
40.58
40.65
40.85
40.56
40.60
40.66
40.93
40.91
41.24
40.61
40.99
41.60
41.06
41.60
41.10
40.80
41.21
41.28
41.11
41.00
40.70
40.76
41.04
40.82
41.00
40.80
41.05
40.83
40.80
41.50
35.24
35.28
36.05
35.30
35.33
35.28
35.33
35.31
35.23
35.34
35.33
35.01
35.27
35.35
35.28
35.31
35.23
35.27
35.29
36.24
35.38
35.79
35.96
35.93
35.86
35.80
34.77
34.59
35.81
35.80
36.00
36.08
34.60
37.08
35.79
35.91
36.20
34.31
38.40
37.60
36.10
36.41
34.25
34.87
35.60
36.80
34.83
34.88
34.44
38.00
36.80
37.01
36.80
36.80
34.50
0
2
15
0
5
5
5
4
5
2
8
21
5
29
0
3
16
1
17
5
7
10
10
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
18
19
33
33
37
33
33
3
33
10
30
10
10
0
16
40
20
80
0
0
10
10
0
0
4,1
4,2
4
4
4,2
4,1
4
4,1
4,1
4,1
4
4
4,1
4,3
4
4
5,4
4,1
5,6
4
4,4
4,6
4,3
4,5
4,9
4,5
4,1
4
4,4
4,8
4,5
4,7
4,2
4,8
4,2
4,5
4,6
4,1
4,1
4,3
4,7
5
4,9
5,5
5,6
7
6,1
5,4
5,5
4,2
4,2
4,5
4,9
4,5
4,6
41
21.08.1929
16.08.1923
29.08.1918
21.06.1908
01:24
03:52
06:39
03:55
41.00
41.02
40.58
40.60
37.00
34.41
35.16
35.90
0
40
10
0
4,4
5,2
5,5
5,2
Figure 12. Earthquake Map of the Project Area
42
Proje Alanı
Figure 13. Active Fault Map of the Project Area
4.1.2 Soil Characteristics
Climatic and geological structure differences observed in the province as well as the diversity
in vegetation caused the formation of soils of different characteristics. Agricultural lands are
focused on I, II, III and IV. class lands. However, it is observed that forest areas and grasslandpasture areas having the largest surface area are located on VII. class lands. Agriculture being
carried out in the range I-IV on an area of 344.966 hectares and agriculture carried out in the
range V-VIII on an area of 130.549 hectares show that agro-ecological factors constitute an
important section in production in the province of Samsun.
The total surface area of the province of Samsun is 957.900 hectares and the distribution is
given in the following table.
Table 11. Land Distribution in the Province of Samsun
Parameter
Relevant Data
Surface Area (Ha)
957.900
Agricultural Land (Ha)
455.324
Forest Area (Ha)
358.107
Pasture, Meadow (Ha)
33.721
Non-Agricultural Land (Ha)
110.748
Field (Ha)
292.265
43
Vineyard-Orchard (Ha)
Exposed to Erosion (Ha)
28.654
813.384
The following Figure shows the land features of the project area:
Project Area
Figure 14. Land Features of the Project Area
Accordingly, the overall features of the land on which the site is located are as following:
A 9 F IV sw
A
: Alluvial Soil
9
: Body: Rough; Drainage: Bad drainage
F
: Heather
IV
: IV. class land property
sw
: Soil insufficiency (stoniness, salinity, alkalinity), wetness, impaired drainage or flood
damage.
The facility subject to the Project is given on the 1/5.000 scale Master Plan (in Annex-9), on
the Energy Production Plant Facility Area and on the 1/100.000 scale Environmental Master
Plan (in Annex-10) on the Industry Area. Currently, there is not any land on the project field
on which an agricultural activity is carried out.
44
Soil Pollution
Domestic and industrial qualified solid wastes, industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural
activities cause soil pollution in various ways.
In recent years, rapid urbanization and industrialization along with population growth as well as
increase in consumption by diversity, changes in living standards have increased the solid
waste amount per capita. However, the collection of solid waste collection and their disposal
have not yet reached the desired level. Waste areas generated at city environments both make
the soil unavailable for use and cause various environmental problems, particularly in health.
Waste as a result of a variety of activities are discharged to receiving environments such as soil
and water without being subjected to any processing. Waste which is a big issue especially in
the city center and the districts are randomly buried or left. Soil is polluted in microbial aspects
in this way and waters leaking from solid wastes can pollute groundwater or streams.
Soil pollution also occurs as a result of industrial activities. Regarding studies on the effects of
industrial facilities operating in the areas of Samsun on planting areas, the amount of residual
pollutants in soil were determined to be greater than the amount of pollutants especially in iron,
copper, fluoride accumulation. In addition, decrease in pH was also observed in the deep. The
analysis of samples taken from plants located in the surrounding area have shown that they are
under the influence of intensive fluoride, iron and copper emission depending on the wind
direction between 3-6 km. Accordingly, this caused an acidification effect on soil surface.
In addition, there is also soil contamination caused by pesticides and fertilizers used in
agricultural activities.
Pesticides are chemical substances used against plant diseases, insect pests and weeds which
adversely affect agricultural products. Some of these substances may remain intact in the soil
for a long time to cross some water or soil contamination in the new pose. The use of pesticides
in our country is increasing with each passing day in Samsun. Despite the positive effects on
product yield, wrong usage causes significant environmental problems depending on the type
of pesticide being selected.
It is known that plants grown in soil contaminated with pesticide residues intake some of these
pesticides and join in this way the food chain. In addition, pesticides residues partially or
completely destroy beneficial microorganisms in soil.
It is known that chemical pollution in the province of Samsun is very high caused particularly
by pesticides and fertilizers. It is also known that soil contaminated in this way is accumulating
at the same time in a variety of ways by harmful substances in soils, rivers and seas. For
example, to increase agricultural production, intensive fertilizers and pesticides are used at the
Yeşilırmak Basin (Çarşamba Plain). The average per hectare of agricultural products within the
basin in general and commercial fertilizer are taking between 3-20 kg. In addition, large and
small animals are often used in solid and liquid droppings and straw occurring substances such
as farmyard manure is used as a very intensive agricultural fertilizer. About 300-400 kg manure
per decares is used in the region.
Manure used at the Yeşilırmak Basin is about 28.000 tons per year. Approximately %25 of this
amount is Amoniumnitrate and 75% is Amoniumsulphate. High amount of pesticides are used
45
in agriculture on the Çarşamba Plain where all kinds of agriculture is performed. As a result of
this implementation having a wide variety of dosage forms and styles, Yesilirmak is mostly
polluted in this way in our province.
Discharge of untreated industrial and urban waste waters and sources such as streams, rivers
and lakes polluted by these waters cause a significant soil pollution. Due to limited resources,
these types of water resources are used for irrigation. As a result, suspended and solid
substances in contaminated water, heavy and trace elements accumulate in the soil and affect
the physical, biological, and chemical structure. The enrichment of heavy metals and trace
elements in soil at phytotoxic levels affects plant growth and yield as a part of contaminants
passes to the food chain through the plants being grown in these areas.
Fertile plains and agricultural lands are affected by wastewater and by irrigation made
especially from sources carrying sewage wastes, it is seen that fruits and vegetables are
adversely affected with a variety of parasites.
4.1.3 Land Use
Agricultural land
The surface area of the province of Samsun is 957.900 hectares and 455.324 hectares thereof is
arable agricultural land. Irrigable agricultural land constitutes 24,6% of total agricultural land
and this area is 112.098 hectares. Non-irrigable agricultural land constitute 75,4% of total
agricultural lands which is approximately 343.226 hectares.
Table 12. Basic Information about Agriculture According to 2007 Statistical Data
Parameter
Relevant Data
Surface Area (Ha)
957.900
Agricultural Land (Ha)
455.324
Irrigated (Ha)
112.098
Non-Irrigated (Ha)
343.226
Sown (Ha)
417.576
Fallow (Ha)
12.656
Forest Area (Ha)
358.107
Pasture, Meadow (Ha)
33.721
110.748
Field (Ha)
292.265
Orchards-Vineyards (Ha)
28.654
813.384
Most Important Vegetable Product
Fındık
Growing Area (Ha)
87.866
Production Amount (Tons)
107.298
Number of Plows
48.754
Number of Tractors
34.232
Number of Fishing Boats
784
Number of Fishing Families
2.484
46
Table 13. Distribution of Agricultural Lands
Type of Land
Amount (ha.)
Cereals
197.866
Industrial Crops
23.675
Edible Legumes
18.539
Edible
28.645
Fruit
91.334
Fallow
12.656
Lumpy Plants
2.370
Others
80.239
Total Agricultural Land
455.324
Rate to Agricultural Land (%)
42,45
5,20
4,07
8,43
20,06
2,77
0,52
16,50
100
Polycultural farming is carried out in the province of Samsun. Aquaculture production and
animal production, taking into account items of strategic importance in the production pattern,
yield, production volume, the weight of the products will be examined further. There is a total
of 455.324 hectares of agricultural land available in the province as the area of cereal crops
takes the I. rank with a share of 42.45%. Although it seen that fruit cultivation takes the II.
rank with a share of 20.06%, 85.532 hectares of 91.334 hectares of fruit orchards are areas
where hazelnut cultivation takes place. The most important products cultivated in our province
in terms of economical value are wheat, corn, rice and tobacco. Sunflower is cultivated as an
industrial plant. Closed-type fruit production is conducted. An important part of this is the
hazelnut area. Hazelnut production is carried out in the Merkez, Terme Çarşamba, Salıpazarı,
Ayvacık, Tekkeköy, Ondokuzmayıs, Bafra, Alacam, Yakakent and Asarcık Districts. Again, in
closed-type, peach production is conducted in the Merkez and Çarşamba Districts which forms
the most important source of income. Closed garden kiwifruit production is applied by farmers
in recent years. The most cultivated vegetables in our province are tomatoes, peppers,
cucumbers, eggplant, spinach, beans, squash, cabbage, leeks, watermelon and melon. In
addition, vegetable cultivation is made in plastic greenhouses and high tunnels which increased
in recent years.
The following table shows the amount of production yield and areas of field crops produced in
the province:
Table 14. Cereals Growing and Production
Products
CEREALS
Wheat
Barley
Rye
Oats (grain)
Spas
Corn (grain)
Rice
Values
Planting (ha)
139.825
13.328
1.628
275
380
36.521
10.090
Production (tons)
459.177
36.902
3.692
463
444
205.037
80.607
47
Table 15. Legumes Growing and Production
Products
Broad Bean (dry)
Peas (dry)
Chickpea
Beans (dry)
Lentils (green)
Vetch (grain)
LEGUMES
Values
Planting (ha)
11
100
1.338
15.340
2
1.778
4
50
1.309
9.336
2
2.895
Values
Planting (ha)
834.6
781
4.850
1.030
15.945
451
31.904
-
10.244
5.476
12.125
20.300
387.905
3.726
120.036
-
Values
Planting (ha)
12.400
11.228
47
11.930
487.365
52
Table 16. Forage Crops Growing and Production
Products
FORAGE CROPS
Alfalfa
Sainfoin
Oats (grass)
Corn (sized)
Corn (silage)
Triticale (grass)
Vetch (grass)
Clover (grass)
Table 17. Industrial Plants Growing and Production
Products
INDUSTRIAL
PLANTS
Tobacco
Sugar Beet
Hemp (fiber)
Table 18. Number of Fruits and Trees and Production
FRUITS
Number of Trees
Bearer
New World
0
POME FRUITS
STONE FRUITS
HARDSHELL
Non-Bearer
0
Production
(tons)
0
Pear
Quince
Apple
Medlar
Oleaster
Plum
202.418
52.275
324.630
28.660
0
135.550
68.727
10.133
180.379
4.185
0
34.780
8.045
787
13.063
515
0
3.245
Apricot
Cherry
Cranberry
Peach
Berry
Pistachios
260
95.250
97.810
589.672
31.452
0
75
44.686
3.965
107.335
31.895
0
6
3.178
1.055
28.146
937
0
Walnut
Almond
107.325
690
105.026
0
2.716
20
48
BERRIES
BERRIES
Hazelnut
Chestnut
Raspberry (da)
42.105,155
27.000
38
6.181,665
4.670
35
107.298
602
36
Strawberry (da)
Mulberry
Fig
Kiwi
Banana
Pomegranate
1.454
47.510
59.840
13.050
0
9.487
29
10.690
11.865
20.131
0
2.155
1.005
1.413
2.148
429
0
198
Trabzon
Persimmon
Grape
10.475
8.225
520
216.375
26.800
1.318
Table 19. Area, production and yield of vegetable crops
Cultivated Area
Name of Product
(ha)
Cabbage (White)
27.715
Cabbage (Red)
20.060
Cabbage (D.Leaves)
21.800
Lettuce (tummy)
1.440
Lettuce (curly)
8.430
Spinach
14.750
Leeks
6.305
Red Beet
1.025
Parsley
370
Green Beens
56.685
Tomato (sauceboat)
5.770
Green Peas
2.620
B.Beens
11.485
Okra
575
Pumpkin
4.745
Melon
10.175
Watermelon
26.006
Courgette
1.340
Cucumber
20.430
Eggplant
19.745
Tomato
41.771
Pepper (bell)
18.915
Pepper (sharp)
18.915
Pepper (sauceboat)
23.340
Garlic
170
Onion
2.071
Carrots
290
Radish (slope)
786
Radish (red)
385
Cauliflower
4.710
Broccoli
528
Artichoke
430
Total
383.937
Production (tons)
Yield (kg/ha)
83.029
60.296
40.723
1.375
8.397
17.078
15.623
3.075
331
85.320
26.870
2.710
11.425
485
7.091
34.350
111.406
3.233
68.221
56.822
221.108
50.682
50.682
46.693
228
2.190
870
2.284
1.087
9.420
540
764
1.061,517
2.300
2.350
1.400
1.000
850
1.000
1.950
3.000
650
900
3.500
1.000
1.000
750
2.200
2.500
3.900
2.200
2.400
2.050
3.000
1.500
1.500
2.000
1.100
1.100
3.000
2.000
2.100
2.000
1.000
1.200
scale Master Development Plan (in Annex-9) and on the Industry Area on the 1/100.000 scale
49
Environmental Master Plan and 1/50.000 scale Samsun Environmental Master Plan (in Annex-10,
Annex-11).
Forestry Area
The proposed activity is allocated as a energy production site and is within the industrial area.
For this reason, the activity area and its vicinity has largely lost its forest existence.
Again, about 600 m away from the project area, at the racecourse of the Turkey Jockey Club,
there are tree populations of the Pinus pinea (stone pine) species.
The EIA Examination and Assessment Report was obtained from the Amasya Regional
Directorate of Forestry in which it is stated that the entire area being applied is “on places
carried outside forest boundaries on behalf of the Treasury within the scope of Article 2/B of
the Forest Law No. 6831 and that a capacity addition at the plant of the relevant company is
suitable in terms of forestry activities”
4.1.4 Topography
The province of Samsun which is situated between the deltas where the Yeşilırmak and
Kızılırmak Rivers are pouring to the Black Sea at the middle part of the Black Sea coastal line
has a surface area of 9,579 km². Geographically, it is latitude 40° 50‘ - 41° 51 and longitude
east 37° 08‘ ve 34° 25. The neighbours of our province of which the Black Sea is located in the
north are Ordu on the east, Sinop on the west, Tokat and Amasya on the south and the province
of Çorum on the southwest.
The province of Samsun shows three different characteristics in terms of the earth behaves. The
first is the mountainous part on the south, the second are the plateaus remaining between the
mountainous part and the coastal strip, the third is the coastal plains between the plateaus and
the Black Sea. At the coastal plains formed at delta areas created by the Kızılırmak and
Yeşilırmak Rivers, the Bafra and Çarşamba Plains are situated which are the plains with
highest agricultural potential.
50
Figure 15. Topographical Status 5
Mountains
The lands of the province of Samsun are covered with plains at the coastal line of the Black Sea
and inner parts extending to the south are covered with mountain ranges which are not very
high. The region is located between the coastal line of the Black Sea and high mountains which
are parallel to this coastal line. These mountains follow east-west direction at the ÜnyeÇarşamba section, east-south and west-northwest direction at the Samsun-Bafra section.
There are mainly two mountain ranges which extend from east to west and which appear to be
following each other. The one in the east is called the Canik Mountains and the one on the
west is called the Çangal Mountains.
- Canik Mountains: The western ends of the Canik Mountains, which of a large part is located
in the province of Ordu, are located in the territory of Samsun. These mountain ranges having a
low height do not interfere the transportation between the Black Sea and inner parts.
- Çangal Mountains: A large part of the Çangal Mountains which enter the boundaries of the
Samsun Province from the western end are located within the boundaries of the province of
Sinop. The average height of the Çangal Mountains is 1500 meters.
5
DSI 7th Regional Directorate, 2005
51
- Sıralı Mountains: Sıralı Mountains being one of the important heights of the province of
Samsun is located on the east of the Kavak District and the height is 1300 meters.
- Kocadağ: Kocadağ which is located in the northern part of the province of Samsun near to
the KAvak District has a height of 1310 meters.
- Akdağ: Akdağ, which is the highest mountain of the Samsun province has a height of 2062
meters. Akdağ which is located between the Ladik District and Amasya has a rich forest
structure.
- Kunduz Mountains: The height of the Kunduz Mountains which are located on the lands of
the province of Samsun, Vezirköprü District is 1783 meters. The mountain which is mentioned
with famous kunduz forests has a country-wide reputation for the plentiness of its products.
- Hacılar Mountain: The height of the Hacılar Mountain which is located on the AnkaraSamsun Highway, after the Kavak District is 1150 meters. Then we see the Mahmur
Mountains.
- Nebyan Mountain: The Nebyan Mountain which is located on the west of the Kocadağ has a
height of 1224 meters.
Except these mountains there are also hills with following heights;
•
•
•
•
•
•
Akpınar in south-east with a height of 900 meters, Böğürtlen Hill 950 meters,
Büyük Mountain and Topuzlu in the east of 950 meters, Sofu area and Örencik of 800
meters,
The Saltuk Hill in the east with a height of 1150 meters,
Kocaçal Hill in Kavak of 913 meters,
Çadır Hill in the right direction of the Mert river with a height of 110 meters,
Toraman Hill which extends towards the port on the right of the Kürtün River with a
height of 125 meters.
52
Plains
Çarşamba Plain: The Yeşilırmak River which passes through the Erbaa district reaches
Çarşamba. While the Yeşilırmak River discharges to the Black Sea from the Cıva Cape it forms
behind the Çarşamba Plain with very valuable alluvial. The surface area of the Çarşamba Plain,
which starts from Kirazlık is 89.500 hectares. By virtue of water channels made by DSI, 70%
of the land has been made suitable for agriculture. The remaining 30% consists of forest, reeds
and marsh.
Bafra Plain: The Kızılırmak River which reaches the Bafra district divides into several arms at
Bafra. Kızılırmak which is tributing into the sea at the Bafra Cape leaves behind a large and
alluvial soil. The plain having a surface area of 76.000 hectares is one of the most fertile plains
of Turkey. The northern sections of the plain irrigated by irrigation canals made by DSI are
barren lands. Livestock is conducted at these placed.
Plateaus
The plateaus in the region are usually originated in the second and third time. Mountain slopes
in the Black Sea region are very eroded. In addition, rivers in the region have fragmented the
soil and have formed plateaus in the territory in places. The most important among those is the
Ladik Basin and Kavak Plateaus.
4.1.5 Water Resources
Rivers
Yeşilırmak: The Yeşilırmak River springs from the Köse Mountains. Yeşilırmak which
reaches Çarşamba after passing the Erbaa district, divides the district into two from the middle
and tributes to the Black Sea from the Cıva Cape. It joins at the Üç Taşlar region with the Ters
Akan River. Yeşilırmak having a length of 416 km, has a flow rate of 5 km and its water height
in the driest season is 9 meters and 5.5 meters in the eastern coast.
.
Kızılırmak: Kızılırmak which springs from the Kızıl Mountain in the province of Sivas is the
longest river of Turkey. The river which enters the Black Sea Region from the Osmancık
district has a length of 1151 km. Around Karkı it enters the northeast Samsun-Sinop boundary.
The river which separates into branches on the west of Bafra tributes into the Black Sea at the
Bafra Cape. Delice, Devres and the Gök River are the most important branches of Kızılırmak.
According to measurements carried out near Bafra, it width during the driest period is 46
meters and its depth is 1.30 meters. It flows 21 cubic meter of water per second. The flow rate
is between 4 and 6 km.
Terme Stream: The Terme stream springs from the Kara forest. The Terme Stream which
feeds the reed around Simenit divides the district into two and tributes into the Black Sea. The
Terme Stream which has a width of 30 meters and a depth of around 1 meter gives life to the
paddy fields.
53
Except these rivers there are small and large other rivers in the region such as the Mert River,
Kürtün Stream, Ters Akan Stream, Kara Boğaz Creek, Akçay, Uluçay, Esenli, İncesu,
Hızırilyas, Ballıca Creek and Güdedi.
Lakes and Ponds
The lakes in the region are formed from river beds which change from time to time. The lakes
of the region are gathered in the Bafra, Çarşamba and Ladik Districts.
Port Lake: It is at a distance of 20 km to Bafra. The lake at a size of 3 km is opened to the sea
through some branches The length of these branches reaches 2000 meters in some places.
Mullet and Carp fishing is performed in the lake. On the south of the Port Lake there is the Fish
Lake as the Kara Boğaz Lake is situated to its north.
Ladik Lake: The Ladik Lake which constitutes the source of the Ters Akan River is at a
distance of 10 km to Ladik. The lake contains trout and pike. Reeds collected from the Ladik
Lake which has a large reed area besides fishing are used in making reed mats. The length of
the lake is 5 km, its width is 2 km and its surface area is 10 km.
Simenit Lake: The Simenit Lake has originated as a result of the change of the Terme Stream
Bed. Fishing is conducted in the lake which is located within the boundaries of Terme. The lake
which is at a distance of 20 km to Terme has the appearance of two lakes connected to each
other through a channel. The lake which is fed with rain water in the Winter is filled up from
time to time in stormy periods by mixing sea water.
Except the lakes mentioned above there are many small and large lakes in the region. These are
the Karagöz, Dut dibi, Çernek, Uzun Lake and Tombul lakes which are formed by Kızılırmak
at Bafra.
Drinking Water Sources and Dams
Altınkaya Dam (Bafra): The Dam which is established over the Kızılırmak has a storage
capacity of 5763 hm3 and a depth of averagely 50 m and its height from the river bed is 140 m.
The surrounding of the dam is covered with wooded area. The environment is used a recreation
and icnic area as well as fishing and net fishing area. In summer, there are carp and similar fish
available. The dam water will be used for energy production.
Derbent Dam (Bafra): It is constructed over the Kızılırmak River under the Altınkaya dam.
The Derbent Dam has a height of 29 meters from the sea bed (The height of the dam filling
body measured from the river bed) and has a capacity of 213.000.000 m3. Average water depth
is 11.50 m. It is used for electricity production like the Altınkaya Dam. At the same time it is
used for irrigation purposes and it is more poor in terms of fish existence according to the
Altınkaya Dam.
Hasan Uğurlu Dam (Ayvacık): The dam over the Yeşilırmak River has a height of 135 m
from the river bed and a water storage capacity of 1.080.000.000 m3. Average water depth is 54
m. The dam was constructed for energy production purposes. It surrounding is covered with
pine forests and is used as picnic and recreation area.
54
Suat Uğurlu Dam (Ayvacık): The dam over Yeşilırmak located under the Hasan Uğurlu Dam
has a height of 38 m from the sea bed and a water storage capacity of 175.000.000 m3. Average
water depth is 13 m and it is used for energy production. The dam will be used at the same time
for the irrigation of the Çarşamba Plain.
Güven Dam (Kavak): The dam having a water storage capacity of 2.200.000 m3 has a average
water capacity of 14 m. Its height from the river bed is 30 m. It is used for irrigation purposes.
Kozansıkı Pond (Kavak): The dam has a height of 3 m from the river bed and a water storage
capacity of 373.000 m3 and a depth of 11.5 m. It is a small pond and is used for irrigation
purposes.
Divanbaşı Pond (Kavak): It has an average depth of 10 m and is used for irrigation purposes
with a water storage capacity of 1.650.000.000 m3. It height from the river bed is 23 m.
Ondokuzmayıs Pond (Merkez District): The pond having a water storage capacity of
600.000 m3 has an average depth of 11 m. It height from the river bed is 22 m. The potable
water of the university is supplied from this lake.
Çakmak Dam (Çarşamba): The dam which will serve as the storage facility of the Samsun
dirnking water project was constructed on the south of the Çarşamba Plain, 20 km southwest of
the Çarşamba District over the Abdal River.
Sea
Black Sea
The length of the coastal line of the Black Sea, which has the appearance of an inland sea, is
1.695 km. The deepest point is 2.244 and the surface area is 424.000 km2 6. As the Black Sea
shows a “longitudinal coastal line type”, the shelf area s very steep and the depth in short
distance reaches 1.500 m. As there is less evaporation and as there are many tributing rivers,
salinity rate is low in the Black Sea. Average salinity ratio is 18%, this ratio in river mouths is
around 15-16%. Salinity of the Black Sea substrate is approximately 22%. The piknoklin layer
which is in the form of a dome separates the two layers from each other. The piknoklin depth
which has a depth of 80-120 m in the middle of the east-west thresholds is more on the edges
(150-200 m). The temperature of the surface layer varies between 320˚C and 260˚C according
to the seasons. The central part of the temperature difference, is at least about 50 m. Minimum
temperature, at the edges toward the center of the shallow water, growing more and 100 m
depths.
Black Sea and Samsun Gulf Oceanography
The most distinctive feature of the Black Sea from other seas is the deep basin at the bottom
layer of oxygenated surface waters and towards the base it is constantly growing large amounts
of oxygen containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (Yılmaz, 2002). The main reason for this
formation, all the deep basin filled the salty waters of Mediterranean origin (> 22 ppt) on the
6
http://www.almula.com/turkiye.asp
55
surface less salt (18 ppt) waters are separated by a continuous haloklin (Yılmaz, 2002). Veritcal
mixtures at the Black Sea are as effective as the upper limit of haloklin. Therefore, the surface
layer of the sulfur-oxygen deep water dissolved oxygen (DO), transport is very limited.
Ambient air to meet oxygen requirements bacteria to oxygen input of organic matter
decomposition fug is collapsing and being through the reduction of SO4 consists H2S
environment. Constant of the upper depths of the oxygen-deficient Haloklin (DO <20 microM
and H2S <5 microM) with a layer of sub-oxic waters of H2S all basin boundaries of initial
densities, the difference is the same water depth (Yılmaz, 2002). The layer boundaries of suboxy Murray et al., (1995), ÇO<10μM falls and H2S <10μM layer is defined as a mutual σt =
15.65 and density of the water is provided as σt = 16:15. Today's Black Sea ecosystem H2S
initial boundary waters open waters 90-100m is dominated by cyclonic loops along the shore,
the more deep inside (160-180m). Dramatic changes were observed in the ecosystem of the
Black Sea in the last 30 years. CO and H2S findings for the years 1960 and 1980 compared
with the findings of the 90s, suboxide layer thicker and were thinner than in the past. (Murray
et al., 1989, 1995, Tugrul et al., 1992; Baştürk and et al., 1997; Konovalov and Murray, 2002,
2001). The upper limit of this time, the same intensity in anoxic layer plane (σt = 16.2)
remains. The coastal areas of the Black Sea, river inputs (Cociasu et al., 1996, 1997; Tuncer et
al., 1998 Yilmaz was taken in 2002) in parallel with the vertical and horizontal sediment
transport mechanisms, which are the source inputs of nutrients salts. Cyclonic loop systems to
be effective in deep basins surface layer of the more vertical mixing light, and nutrients are
transported from nutriklin by diffusion (Yılmaz et al., 1998 views taken 2002).
Cyclonic currents are usually observed in surface waters of the Black Sea. Structure of western
and eastern basins of the Black Sea has two different main stream. The flow of the Black Sea
were examined in many scientific modeling studies in recent years in details. As a result of this
analysis, it was found to be of a very different and complex discharge structure. Besides the
main basin cyclonic currents along the coast, the bottom edge of the structure and bathymetric
antisiklonik steering with induced flow is also available. All of these flows are composed in
connection with each other and are following each other. (Oguz, et al., 2004).
Groundwater Resources
The province of Samsun and its immediate vicinity, the area being important in terms of
groundwater along the coast, the Atakum Costal Plain is constituted by means of the alluvial
plains formed by the Mert and Kürtün Rivers which tribute into the Black Sea from the
southeast and northwest of the city.
The eastern border of the site which include also the City Center of Samsun passes about 2 km
southeast of the province and extends 28-30 km to the south. It is bounded with a line of 45-50
km in the west. The site is located between 36 °-37 circles longitude and 41°-42° latitude
circles according to the Greenwich starting point.
The basin area is 1120 km2. The topography starting with a sweet slope from the sea shore
rises towards the south and passes 100 m. The area is split by steep terrain and deep valleys.
The high points of the area reach 500-700 m in the east and southeast of the field and 1000 m in
the south. In the west, Kocadağ has a height of 1310 m (Böğürtlen). Southward along the
western edge of the field, the Ömerpaşa Peak 1158 m, and the Elik Hill 1255 m constitute the
highest points of the area.
56
The morphological structure was constituted depending on the geological character. Neogene
clays occurring in the yellow land, starts from the coast, partly smooth and continuous curved
ridges to the south in an altitude of 100-150 m. Also present in the body caused by gypsum
adosolerinin band and landslides, the essential shape of the topography has been disturbing the
bench and gave rise to a bumpy structure.
The outcropd area of cretaceous, in connection with geological structure, the plate is less than
slope of the parts, plains, where there is more inclination of the curved ridges, deep valleys and
steep draws Volcanics are more observed in high parts in the form of sharp peaks.
The river network was also formed within the control structure and is of dantritik character.
Waters of the area are emtied to the Black Sea through two rivers. One of them, the Mert River
that flows through the province of Samsun is 770 km2 and drains an area that collects water.
The other is the Kürtün River which tributes to the Black Sea from the northwest of the
province which discharges the water of an area of 350 km2.
Sources observed in the field are Upper Cretaceous flysch series volcanic series, quite a few
from the alluvium. Efficiencies of the sources varies depending on the type of rocks. Maximum
efficiency belongs to the resources from alluvium. (1 lt / s). In 90% of identified resources the
yield is below 1 lt/s. This determination reveals that the existing formations studied in the field
do not form a substantial asset in terms of groundwater.
There are 79 drilling wells within the area collected mainly in four areas. These wells opened
for research, drinking water and foundation are described below.
I-Drilling Wells opened at the Mert River Alluvion: 16 drilling wells taking water from the
alluvium were opened. One of these wells is a research well and 15 are drinking water drilling
wells..
Well depths vary between 22 m and 90 m. Flows from 4.5 to 76 l/s, this corresponds to its flow
range from 1.91 to 19.60 m. Specific flow rate, depending on the feeding status of the Mert
River, vary from 0.23 to 33.6 l/s/ m.
II-Drilling Wells opened at the Kürtün River Alluvium: There are 9 drilling wells along the
Kürtün River opened for drinking water and irrigation purposes.
Well depths vary between 13 m and 62 m. Flows from 2 to 2.5 l/s, this corresponds to its flow
range from 0.47 to 9.61 m. The specific flow rates are sequenced from 0.25 to 16.6 l / s / m.
III- Drilling Wells opened at the Atakum Coastal Plain: 10 drilling wells were opened at the
Atakum coastal plain which extends along the coast on the west of Samsun which of their depth
varies between 20 and 45 m. These wells were opened usually for drinking water and potable
water supply for beach facilities which are established along the coastal line. Their efficiencies
vary between 3-12 lt/s, flow between 1,00-5,40m and specific flow between 1,1-7,05 lt/s/m.
IV-Drilling Wells opened within the province of Samsun: Within the province 2 drilling
wells for potable water usage and 15 drilling wells for foundation purposes were opened. The
57
well opened for the States Railway among potable water wells is salty. A flow of 3,94m and
efficiency of 5 lt/s was achieved from the well opened for the Port Directorate.
The depth of foundation wells vary between 10-30 m.
The Çarşamba Delta Plain is located in the Black Sea Region, between the 36°23 and 37°07
longitude and 41°06 to 41°22 latitude circles. Within the field, there are numerous village
settlements connected to the district centers of Çarşamba, Terme and Tekkeköy.
The surface area of the plain is 1000 km2 and the surface area of the study area is 1460 km2
The plain starts from the Kirazlı region which is 3 km east of the Samsun city center, includes
the Tekkeköy, Çarşamba and Terme districts extending up to the Akçay Creek which forms the
Samsun-Ordu provincial border on the east and is called as the “Çarşamba Delta Plain”. The
plain begins at sea level in the west and extends to the east by passing through the foothills
which are rising towards the south.
Heights at the Çarşamba Delta plain vary between 0 to 40 m. It is surrounded by the Black Sea
in the North and by Black Sea coastal mountains in the south.
The morphology of the field is largely developed depending on petrographic features, tectonic
structure and geological formations. Volcanic outcrops in the west, rising suddenly from the
edge of the plains, they constitute a very rugged topography. Stretching to the south slopes and
divides them like a knife, especially in the valleys north-south direction, perpendicular to the
advanced Tekkeköy, China and around Kutlukent creates the characteristic topography. Here,
the height varies between 150-250 m.
Towards the east it is observed that height and slope inclination is decreasing. Ridges around
the Sıtmasuyu, Kışlaköy and Şehgüven extend inside the plain in the form of a half moon.
Southwest of Dikbıyık, within the alluvial area, dome-shape neogene hills are outcopping. The
elevation of these hills vary between 15 to 30 m, width between 50-250 m and length between
200-750 m.
South to the Çarşamba District Center, between the Yeşilırmak River and Abdal Creek,
Neogene hills with a height varying between 50-110 m extend into the plain in the form of a
tongue.
The river network has developed usually in parallel and in dentritic system in the south-north
direction.
The Alpine orogeny and the the rising of the Pontides by means of epirogenic movements has
provided contact with the Black Sea pit Thus, Yeşilırmak, Terme River, Abdal Creek and other
rivers reaching the sea continue to accumulate the process of material deposition in the sea into
this pit which has formed to this day the Çarşamba Delta Plain with a surface area of
approximately 1000 km2.
58
4.1.6 Climatology
In the province of Samsun usually the characteristics of the Black Sea Climate are observed.
Summers in the Black Sea climate are relatively cool as winters are mild at coastal lines and
snowy and cold at higher sections. Every season is rainy. It was benefited from the Samsun
1975-2010 meteorological bulletin in creating the meteorological data of the Project Area. (In
Annex-17)
Pressure Distribution of the Region
According to the long years bbservation records of the Samsun Meteorology Station (19752010), the average pressure in the region is annually 1016,1 hPa and the maximum annual
pressure is 1044,6 hPa and annual minimum pressure is 992,2 hPa.
Table 20. 1975-2010 Samsun Meteorology Station Pressure Values during the Years 1975-2010
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
Average
Pressure (hPa)
1019,3 1018,2 1016,9 1014,6 1014,7 1013
1011,6 1012,4 1015,6 1018,4
Maximum
Pressure (hPa)
1038,1 1037
1044,6 1033,8 1026,7 1025,8 1021,9 1022,3 1030,6 1035,2
Minimum
Pressure (hPa)
992,2 996,3 994,5 997
1000,4 1000,8 999,3 1001,3 1000,1 1002,5
XI
XII
Annual
1019,1 1019
1016,1
1034,8 1035,6 1044,6
998,2
996,4
992,2
Figure 16. Pressure Distribution Graphic Between 1975-2010
59
Temperature Distribution of the Region
According to the observation records of the Samsum Meteorology Station between 1975-2010,
the average temperature is 14,4°C. The highest temperature was measured in October with a
degree of 38,4°C and the minimum temperature was measured in March as -7 °C. In the
following table temperature values obtained from a data of 36 years are provided.
Table 21 Samsun Meteorology Station Temperature Values Between 1975-2010
I
Months
Average Temperature (°C)
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Annu
6,7
7,9
11,1
15,3
20,2
23,3
23,6
20
16
12
9
14,4
24,2
26,2
32,3
37
35,2
37,4
35,4
35,2
34,8
38,4
29,7
28,9
38,4
10,8
10,7
12,1
15,2
18,7
23,6
26,6
27,2
24
20
16,3
12,9
18,2
4,1
3,6
4,7
7,7
11,7
16,1
19,1
19,7
16,5
12,8
8,7
6,1
10,9
-6,6
-6,8
-7
-2,4
2,7
9
13,6
14
7
1,5
-2,2
-3,6
-7
7,1
Maximum Temperature (°C)
Average of Maximum Temperatures (°C)
Average of Minimum Temperatures (°C)
Minimum Temperature (°C)
45
40
35
Maximum Temprature (°C)
30
Average Temperature (°C)
25
20
Average of Maximum
Temperatures (°C)
15
10
Average of Minimum
Temperatures (°C)
5
Minimum Temperature (°C)
0
-5
-10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Months
Figure 17. Graphic of the Distribution of Temperature Values Between 1975-2010
60
Rainfall Distribution of the Region
According to the observation records of the Samsun Meteorology Station between 1975-2010,
the total annual average rainfall amount is 692,8 mm. Daily highest rainfall was measured in
August with 113,2 mm as minimum amount of rainfall was measured in March with 31,1 mm.
The average number of days when rainfall is 0.1 mm and greater is annually 139,8 in total.
Table 22. Samsun Weather Station Precipitation Values Between 1975-2010
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII VIII
Average Total
Precipitation (mm)
61,8
51,4 57,8 58
48,4 49,2 31,3 36,1
Daily Maximum
Precipitation (mm)
45,7
39,9 31,1 45,6 56,2 77,5 54,6 113,2
IX
X
XI
XII
Annual
51,7
90,9
82,2
74
692,8
58,4
63,1
66,5
39,8
113,2
120
100
80
60
Average Total Precipitation
(mm)
40
Daily Maximum
Precipitation (mm)
20
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Months
Figure 18. Rainfall Distribution Graphic Between 1975-2010
According to highest rainfall values observed in standard times of the Samsun Meteorology
Station obtained from the State Meteorology Directorate in the following table. The 24-hour
highest rainfall value which is observed once in 100 years is 184,7 mm.
61
Table 23 Largest Precipitation Values Observed at Standard Times 7
OBSERVATION MINUTE
HOUR
YEAR
5
10
15
30
1
2
3
21,2 22,4 33,1 54,8 98,1 111,8 113,0
2005
5,4
7,4
8,5
10,3 11,2 16,2 22,3
2004
19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 20,1 22,7 24,0
2003
7,3
11,6 14,2 21,4 35,7 40,4 49,0
2002
3,1
4,1
4,9
6,7
6,9
10,1 14,1
2001
10,7 20,1 27,2 45,2 59,6 77,0 77,3
2000
24,3 35,4 46,4 56,6 56,6 56,6 56,6
1999
8,5
13,0 15,8 16,2 16,7 18,6 19,2
1998
17,1 23,0 25,1 25,4 25,4 25,4 25,5
1997
10,1 14,1 20,1 30,8 35,9 38,6 38,8
1996
5,0
6,8
8,9
12,7 23,1 34,9 36,5
1995
10,0 13,5 17,3 22,2 24,4 25,0 25,5
1994
7,6
10,6 11,3 16,4 21,4 22,6 22,7
1993
6,6
9,8
12,2 23,4 35,3 44,9 46,4
1992
14,8 21,9 27,6 41,6 60,9 66,7 66,7
1991
9,1
17,2 18,2 19,0 23,8 23,8 25,1
1990
7,2
11,3 15,3 21,4 27,5 35,7 38,7
1989
3,5
6,0
7,0
9,7
14,6 15,6 25,5
1988
8,2
10,9 13,1 20,8 22,9 23,2 26,4
1987
5,0
7,2
7,6
7,9
12,6 24,0 28,2
1986
7,3
8,9
8,9
9,4
10,7 18,6 26,6
1985
7,8
9,4
11,4 19,5 24,9 33,5 36,1
1984
8,9
10,1 10,4 10,4 11,6 13,7 17,7
1983
5,5
8,8
10,4 12,9 21,3 21,9 21,9
1982
3,6
6,1
8,0
8,9
13,5 16,3 18,6
1981
5,9
8,6
9,1
9,7
13,8 18,8 21,0
1980
14,1 18,6 26,8 38,2 44,1 46,6 47,0
1979
6,8
11,7 14,8 19,7 26,9 32,4 44,3
1978
6,4
8,8
10,7 15,8 21,9 31,4 34,2
1977
6,1
8,8
10,8 13,3 14,4 15,6 15,8
1976
14,8 20,9 23,8 38,3 48,7 57,3 57,8
1975
8,4
9,4
11,6 13,2 13,5 16,3 20,6
1974
4,1
5,5
7,5
9,4
12,9 14,9 19,0
1973
8,8
12,0 16,1 22,1 44,1 57,3 78,5
1972
7,4
10,6 14,3 20,2 25,4 25,8 25,8
1971
3,2
3,6
4,4
5,9
9,1
14,8 19,3
1970
8,2
9,9
9,9
10,5 10,5 14,6 15,2
1969
14,0 15,8 16,2 24,8 38,6 64,1 64,1
1968
11,0 16,0 19,4 26,8 39,8 62,2 84,0
1967
12,3 17,2 24,3 39,0 66,3 87,1 91,9
1966
3,6
7,1
9,1
14,9 19,4 23,3 27,6
1965
7,0
9,3
10,1 13,7 14,3 14,4 14,4
1964
10,8 13,6 16,3 20,6 35,8 37,5 38,7
1963
5,9
8,1
10,1 14,3 14,8 16,1 16,5
1962
6,5
8,4
9,8
11,6 14,1 15,6 15,8
1961
3,7
5,9
7,4
10,8 13,6 22,1 27,7
1960
7,5
15,0 15,0 25,9 31,3 40,9 41,5
1959
7
4
113,0
26,1
26,4
53,0
17,5
77,4
56,6
19,7
25,5
38,8
39,2
38,9
22,9
50,4
66,7
27,9
44,7
31,6
30,5
30,2
34,9
38,2
21,7
21,9
22,7
24,1
47,0
50,3
35,8
15,9
57,8
24,2
21,9
81,7
25,8
24,1
18,5
66,8
105,3
93,5
33,6
14,4
43,1
16,7
15,8
28,8
41,7
5
113,1
30,3
31,4
53,8
20,1
77,4
56,6
19,8
25,5
38,8
43,0
40,3
26,2
52,0
68,2
29,8
48,3
36,6
30,5
32,6
43,6
38,8
25,3
21,9
27,0
24,6
47,2
59,5
36,3
16,5
57,8
27,2
24,3
81,7
25,8
25,6
18,9
66,8
124,4
93,6
39,6
16,1
60,4
17,0
18,8
30,3
48,4
6
113,1
35,1
35,7
53,8
22,3
77,4
56,6
20,0
25,5
38,8
43,1
41,3
29,1
54,8
68,2
30,4
51,2
43,0
30,5
34,3
54,0
51,0
28,3
21,9
30,0
24,7
47,2
60,0
36,9
18,8
57,8
30,1
26,2
81,7
25,8
26,9
23,4
66,8
136,6
112,7
43,8
18,6
72,5
20,4
19,8
31,0
48,7
8
113,1
39,1
40,8
53,9
27,1
77,5
56,6
20,5
25,5
38,8
44,2
51,9
29,8
54,5
68,2
37,9
54,0
49,3
30,5
35,1
58,1
54,1
30,3
23,2
33,5
25,3
47,2
61,6
41,4
19,8
57,8
32,7
28,5
81,8
29,0
30,1
29,8
66,8
164,7
114,4
49,8
22,8
84,6
24,5
21,9
34,3
68,1
12
113,1
39,2
44,2
53,9
29,1
77,5
56,6
21,0
29,4
38,8
44,3
64,4
40,3
54,8
68,2
42,6
61,0
49,7
34,2
35,7
76,5
62,1
30,9
32,4
35,5
30,8
47,4
63,8
41,4
21,6
68,7
35,8
37,2
81,8
36,7
40,5
35,8
67,5
235,4
115,2
51,7
29,4
84,6
28,6
26,2
35,4
68,4
18
113,2
39,4
45,7
76,1
34,2
77,8
56,6
21,3
40,8
39,0
44,7
66,2
43,7
54,8
68,2
45,4
63,1
52,1
39,7
60,8
80,2
64,8
36,0
32,7
41,4
40,2
51,4
67,0
53,5
29,1
69,0
37,8
46,6
81,8
38,3
42,1
48,0
67,7
238,2
115,2
54,2
34,2
85,7
35,0
34,4
45,7
68,4
DMİ
62
24
24 +
113,2
40,1
50,0
76,1
40,8
78,1
56,6
22,0
48,1
42,7
45,6
66,5
45,6
54,9
68,2
50,9
71,0
61,0
45,6
67,6
80,4
64,8
48,7
58,4 *
43,6
44,5
54,3
67,6
55,8
45,7
69,0
44,4
46,8
92,0
38,3
42,1
60,7
67,7
244,2
115,2
54,5
37,2
86,1
45,8
39,6
55,4
68,4
1958
1957
N
Y-ORT
Y-EB
Std.S
Car.K
U.D.F
2
5
10
25
50
100
PLF
PLV
5,0
3,9
48
8,69
24,3
4,77
1,46
LN2
7,62
11,74
14,71
18,71
21,85
25,13
0,15
0,15
8,0
7,7
48
12,1
35,4
6,1
1,49
G2P
10,68
16,28
20,16
25,1
28,77
32,42
0,2
0,22
8,8
9,2
48
14,74
46,4
8,09
1,71
G2P
12,62
19,99
25,31
32,24
37,47
42,73
0,25
0,26
12,1
17,7
48
20,39
56,6
12,04
1,41
LP3
17,18
27,56
35,74
47,62
57,64
68,68
0,37
0,35
12,1
18,9
48
27,04
98,1
18,24
1,77
G2P
22,12
38,71
50,79
66,63
78,62
90,69
0,51
0,45
12,5
22,7
48
32,92
111,8
21,91
1,63
LP3
26,24
44,06
59,51
83,9
106,1
132,2
0,64
0,53
13,6
23,0
48
36,2
113
22,91
1,54
LP3
29,31
48,04
64,08
89,26
112
138,7
0,68
0,58
14,7
23,6
48
39,16
113
23,58
1,53
LP3
32,44
52,03
68,25
92,85
114,5
139,2
0,72
0,63
16,0
23,9
48
41,87
124,4
24,55
1,59
LP3
35,09
55,62
72,32
97,22
118,8
143,2
0,76
0,67
16,4
23,9
48
44,55
136,6
26,09
1,72
G2P
37,67
61,46
78,62
101
117,9
134,9
0,79
0,71
18,6
24,8
48
48,01
164,7
28,14
2,07
LN2
41,42
65,44
83,11
107,3
126,4
146,6
0,84
0,77
23,4
37,7
48
53,08
235,4
34,42
3,47
LP3
43,53
67,11
87,9
121,4
152,5
189,8
0,95
0,84
35,2
38,6
48
57,55
238,2
33,24
3,7
LP3
48,43
70,94
90,7
122,3
151,4
186,2
0,97
0,93
63
46,9
39,7
48
61,33
244,2
32,74
3,98
LP3
52,46
74,25
93,33
123,7
151,6
184,7
1
1
49
61,27
244,2
32,4
4,02
LP3
52,52
74,07
92,9
122,8
150,2
182,8
0,99
1
SAMSUN METEOROLOGY STATION RAINFALL-INTENSITY-TIME REPEAT CURVES
Figure 19. Samsun Meteorology Station Rainfall-Intensity-Time Repeat Curves
64
Distribution of Numbered Days in the Region
According to observation records of the Samsun Meteorology Station between the years 19752010, the annual average of number of days when rainfall is 0,1 mm and greater was measured
as 139,8, number of days with snowfall is annually 13,4, number of days with snow coverance
is 5,4, number of foggy days is 10,6, number of days with hail is 0,6 and number of frosty days
was measured as annually 4,8.
Table 24. Rainy, Misty, Hail and Frosty Days Between 1975-2010
I
II
III
IV
V
VI VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Annual
6,3
10,2
12,8
12,5
13,3
139,8
Average Number of Days
on which Rainfall is 0,1
mm and greater
13,4
13,7
15,1 14,7
Number of Days with
Snowfall
3,9
4,9
2,1
0,2
0,4
1,9
13,4
Number of Days Covered
with Snow
1,6
2,4
0,6
0,1
0
0,7
5,4
Average Number of Misty
0,6
Days
0,7
2,3
3,3
2,4
0,4
0,3
0,5
0,1
10,6
Average Number of Haily
0
Days
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,2
0
0
0,1
0
0,6
Average Number of
Frosted Days
1,4
1,4
0,2
0,2
0,6
4,8
1
12,3
9,6
5,9
0
65
16
Average Number of Days
on which Rainfall is 0.1 mm
and greater
14
12
Number of Days with
Snowfall
10
8
Number of Days Covered
with Snow
6
4
Average Number of Misty
Days
2
Average Number of Haily
Days
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Months
Figure 20. Distribution of Rainy, Misty, Hail and Frosty Days Between 1975-2010
Cloudiness
Table 25. Cloudy, Closed and Open Days Between 1975-2010
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Annual
Average Cloudiness
6,8
6,9
6,9
6,5
5,7
4,5
4
4,1
4,9
5,8
6
6,5
5,7
Average Number of
Open Days
2,3
2,3
2,2
2,9
4
6,2
7,2
6,9
4,9
4,6
3,9
3,1
4,2
Average Number of
Cloudy Days
16,3
13,9
16,1 16,1
19,9
21,4
22,2
22,1
21
18
17
16,8
18,4
Average Number of
Closed Days
12,4
12,1
12,7 11
7,1
2,4
1,6
2
4,1
8,4
9,1
11,1
7,8
66
25
20
Average Cloudiness
15
Average Number of Open
Days
10
Average Number of Cloudy
Days
5
Average Number of Closed
Days
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Months
Figure 21. Distribution Map of Cloudy, Closed and Open Days Between 1975-2010
Relative Humidity Distribution of the Region
The annual average relative humidity according to the Samsun Meteorology Station
observation records between the years 1975-2010 is % 73,5.
Table 26. Samsun Meteorology Station Relative Humidity Values Between 1975-2010
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII VIII IX
X
XI
XII
Average
Humidity(%)
66,8
Minimum
6
Humidity (%)
Annual
69,7 75
79,4
80,3
76,3 73,5 73,8
75,3 76,1
70,1 66,1 73,5
2
14
20
31
21
10
5
20
36
5
5
2,0
67
90
80
70
60
50
Average Humidity(%)
40
Minimum Humidity (%)
30
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Months
Figure 22. Distribution Map of Relative Humidity (%) Between 1975-2010
Evaporation Status of the Region
According to observation records of the Samsun Meteorology Station between the years (19752010), the annual average total evaporation amount is 882,4 mm. The highest open surface
evaporation occurred in February and November with 11,8 mm.
Table 27. Samsun Meteorology Station Evaporation Values Between 1975-2010
Months
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Annual
Average Open Surface
Evaporation (mm)
19,5 16,3
15,9 65,2
91,2
123,1 157,5 150,2
100,3 68,7
47,3
27,2 882,4
Maximum Open
Surface Evaporation
(mm)
9,5
7,2
8,6
11
9
11,8
10
11,8
11
10
10,2
8,6
11,8
68
180
160
140
120
100
Average Open Surface
Evaporation (mm)
80
Maximum Open Surface
Evaporation (mm)
60
40
20
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Months
Figure 23. Distribution Graphic of Evaporation (mm) Between 1975-2010
Wind Distribution of the Region
Wind Data According to Blowing Numbers
According to the Samsun Meteorology Station observation records between 1975-2010, the 1st
degree prevailing wind direction is from south-southeast (SSW) to north-north-east (NNE), the
2nd degree prevailing wind direction is from southwest (SW) to northeast (NE), the 3rd degree
prevailing wind direction is from north-northwest (NNW) to south-southeast (SSE) and the 4th
prevailing wind direction is from north-northeast (NNE) to south-southwest (SSW).
According to the Samsun Meteorology Station observation records between 1975-2010, the
total numbers of wind blows are given in the following table.
Table 28. Total Number of Wind Blows Between 1975-2010
ANNUAL
MONTHS
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VII
IX
X
XI
XII
N Direction
1079 1206 1918 1938 2255 1954 2106 2177 1464 1511 1198 1067 19873
NNE Direction
866
1201 2093 2803 3773 3733 3824 3634 2610 1782 1097 753
28169
NE Direction
356
565
1089 1594 1914 1695 1497 1614 1319 1011 545
265
13464
ENE Direction
520
834
1852 2314 2785 2392 2167 2053 1982 1606 732
408
19645
TOTAL
69
E Direction
337
544
1072 1163 1131 928
666
668
846
744
491
274
8864
ESE Direction
587
730
1199 1284 972
638
447
436
763
823
632
541
9052
SE Direction
522
503
647
433
241
181
121
269
415
484
464
5036
SSE Direction
1547 1247 1166 1041 807
756
658
510
708
850
1185 1356 11831
S Direction
1853 1364 1324 1037 950
953
913
745
856
963
1546 2170 14674
SSW Direction
4455 3264 2511 2142 2503 2864 2493 2712 3318 3719 4509 4970 39460
SW Direction
4105 3167 2318 1915 2364 2518 2694 3304 3512 3777 3855 4470 37999
756
WSW Direction 3217 2315 1701 1393 1367 1727 2019 2015 1985 2434 2778 3279 26230
W Direction
1191 1049 866
617
515
622
753
746
717
1118 1183 1144 10521
WNW Direction 1881 1870 1880 1350 1058 1144 1599 1684 1637 1873 1868 1733 19577
NW Direction
1769 1974 1871 1453 1234 1162 1641 1654 1554 1755 1780 1719 19566
NNW Direction 2373 2466 3161 2989 2524 2522 3095 2674 2313 2245 1889 2029 30280
According to the Samsun Meteorology Station observation records between 1975-2010, the 1st
degree prevailing wind direction is from south-southeast (SSW) to north-north-east (NNE), the
2nd degree prevailing wind direction is from southwest (SW) to northeast (NE), the 3rd degree
prevailing wind direction is from north-northwest (NNW) to south-southeast (SSE) and the 4th
prevailing wind direction is from north-northeast (NNE) to south-southwest (SSW). The annual
wind diagram according to blowing numbers is given below.
70
N Direction
NNW Direction 40000
35000
30000
NW Direction
25000
20000
WNW Direction
15000
10000
5000
W Direction
0
NNE Direction
NE Direction
ENE Direction
E Direction
WSW Direction
ESE Direction
SW Direction
SE Direction
SSW Direction
SSE Direction
S Direction
Figure 24. Wind Diagram According to Number of Blows Between 1975-2010
According to the Samsun Meteorology Station observation records between 1975-2010, the
number of blows were seasonally calculated which are provided in the following table.
Table 29. Total Number of Seasonal Blows Between 1975-2010
SEASONAL
WINTER SPRING
SUMMER AUTUMN
N Direction
3352
6111
6237
4173
NNE Direction
2820
8669
11191
5489
NE Direction
1186
4597
4806
2875
ENE Direction
1762
6951
6612
4320
E Direction
1155
3366
2262
2081
ESE Direction
1858
3455
1521
2218
SE Direction
1489
1836
543
1168
SSE Direction
4150
3014
1924
2743
S Direction
5387
3311
2611
3365
SSW Direction
12689
7156
8069
11546
SW Direction
11742
6597
8516
11144
71
WSW Direction
8811
4461
5761
7197
W Direction
3384
1998
2121
3018
WNW Direction
5484
4288
4427
5378
NW Direction
5462
4558
4457
5089
NNW Direction
6868
8674
8291
6447
72
Figure 25 Wind Diagram of Seasonal Number of Wind Blows Between 1975-2010
73
ŞUBAT
OCAK
N…
N…
NNW5000
…
4000
NW…
3000
WNW…
2000
1000
W…
0
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
NNW3500
…
3000
NW… 2500
2000
1500
WNW…
1000
500
W…
0
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
SSE…
S…
S…
MART
NISAN
N…
NNW3500
…
3000
NW…
2500
2000
1500
WNW…
1000
500
W…
0
N…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSE…
S…
HAZIRAN
N…
N…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SE…
SSE…
S…
E…
ESE…
MAYIS
SSW…
ENE…
SSW…
SSE…
SW…
NE…
WSW…
S…
NNW4000
…
3500
3000
NW…
2500
2000
WNW…
1500
1000
500
W…
0
NNE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
NNW3000
…
2500
NW…
2000
1500
WNW…
1000
500
W…
0
NNW4000
…
3500
NW… 3000
2500
2000
WNW…
1500
1000
500
W…
0
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
S…
74
AĞUSTOS
TEMMUZ
N…
NNW4000
…
3500
3000
NW…
2500
2000
WNW…
1500
1000
500
W…
0
N…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
NNW4000
…
3500
3000
NW…
2500
2000
WNW…
1500
1000
500
W…
0
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
SSE…
S…
S…
EKIM
EYLÜL
N…
N…
NNW4000
…
3500
3000
NW…
2500
2000
WNW…
1500
1000
500
W…
0
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
NNW4000
…
3500
3000
NW…
2500
2000
WNW…
1500
1000
500
W…
0
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
SSE…
S…
S…
KASIM
ARALIK
N…
NNW5000
…
4000
NW…
N…
NNE…
NE…
3000
WNW…
ENE…
2000
1000
W…
E…
0
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
NNW5000
…
4000
NW…
3000
WNW…
2000
1000
W…
0
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
S…
SSE…
S…
Figure 26. Diagram of Monthly Number of Blows Between 1975-2000
75
Wind Speed Distribution by Directions
Based on the Samsun Meteorology Station observation records between 1975-2010, wind
speeds are given in the following table.
Table 30 Average Wind Speed According to Directions Between 1975-2010
MONTHS
N Direction (m/sn)
NNE Direction (m/sn)
NE Direction (m/sn)
ENE Direction (m/sn)
E Direction (m/sn)
ESE Direction (m/sn)
SE Direction (m/sn)
SSE Direction (m/sn)
S Direction (m/sn)
SSW Direction (m/sn)
SW Direction (m/sn)
WSW Direction (m/sn)
W Direction (m/sn)
WNW Direction (m/sn)
NW Direction (m/sn)
NNW Direction (m/sn)
I
2
1,9
1,6
1,7
2
1,9
2,2
2,6
3
3,1
3,3
2,6
2,2
2,1
2,4
2,3
II
2,1
2
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,9
2,1
2,1
2,5
2,7
2,8
2,4
2
2,1
2,4
2,4
III
2
1,9
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,8
1,6
1,9
2
2,1
2,1
1,9
1,7
2
2,2
2,3
IV
1,8
1,8
1,6
1,7
1,7
1,6
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,8
1,6
1,6
1,4
1,8
2
2,2
V
1,7
1,8
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,5
1,2
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,2
1,5
1,7
2
VI
2,2
2,2
1,9
2
2
1,8
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,5
1,3
1,3
1,5
1,8
2,1
2,3
VII
2,9
2,8
2,4
2,4
2,3
1,8
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,5
1,9
2,3
2,7
VII
2,8
2,9
2,5
2,5
2,4
2
1,3
1,4
1,3
1,6
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,8
2,3
2,8
IX
2,5
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,4
2,1
1,6
1,4
1,3
1,6
1,5
1,4
1,3
1,7
2,1
2,5
X
2
2
1,9
2
2,2
1,8
1,5
1,6
1,6
1,7
1,6
1,5
1,4
1,7
2
2,2
XI
1,9
1,7
1,7
1,6
1,8
1,8
1,8
2
2,2
2,4
2,2
1,8
1,7
1,8
2,1
2,1
XII
2
1,8
1,5
1,7
1,9
1,9
2
2,4
2,9
3,1
3,1
2,5
2
1,9
2,2
2,2
Average
Wind
Speed
2,7
2,1
1,9
1,9
2,0
1,8
1,6
1,7
1,9
2,0
2
1,8
1,6
1,8
2,2
2,3
The long years average wind diagram according to blowing speeds is given below. In this
respect, directions with highest blowing rate are from north-northwest (NNW) to southsoutheast (SSE) and from Northwest (NW) to southeast (SE).
76
Figure 27. Diagram of Wind Rates According to the Long Years Blowing Rates
Based on the Samsun Meteorology Station observation records between 1975-2010, the
seasonal wind blow rates are given in the following table.
Table 31. Seasonal Wind Blow Speeds Between 1975-2010
SEASONS
N Direction (m/sn)
NNE Direction (m/sn)
NE Direction (m/sn)
ENE Direction (m/sn)
E Direction (m/sn)
ESE Direction (m/sn)
SE Direction (m/sn)
SSE Direction (m/sn)
S Direction (m/sn)
SSW Direction (m/sn)
SW Direction (m/sn)
WSW Direction (m/sn)
W Direction (m/sn)
WNW Direction (m/sn)
NW Direction (m/sn)
NNW Direction (m/sn)
WINTER SPRING
SUMMER AUTUMN
2,0
1,9
1,6
1,7
1,9
1,9
2,1
2,4
2,8
3,0
3,1
2,5
2,1
2,0
2,3
2,3
2,6
2,6
2,3
2,3
2,2
1,9
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,5
1,8
2,2
2,6
1,8
1,8
1,7
1,7
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,8
1,7
1,6
1,4
1,8
2,0
2,2
2,1
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,1
1,9
1,6
1,7
1,7
1,9
1,8
1,6
1,5
1,7
2,1
2,3
77
78
Figure 28. Diagram of Seasonal Average Wind Rates by Directions
79
ŞUBAT
FEBRUAR
OCAK
JANUARY
N…
NNW…3.5
3
NW…
2.5
2
1.5
WNW…
1
0.5
W…
0
N…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
NNW… 3
2.5
NW…
2
1.5
WNW…
1
0.5
W…
0
SW…
SSE…
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
S…
MART
MARCH
NISAN
APRIL
N…
NNW…2.5
2
NW…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
WNW…
NE…
E…
W…
ESE…
WSW…
ENE…
1
0.5
0.5
0
WSW…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
ESE…
SW…
SSE…
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
S…
MAYIS
MAY
HAZIRAN
JUNE
N…
NNW… 2
N…
NNE…
1.5
E…
0
S…
NNW…2.5
2
NW…
NE…
NNE…
NE…
1.5
1
ENE…
WNW…
ENE…
1
0.5
W…
NNE…
1.5
1
WNW…
E…
ESE…
1.5
NW…
ENE…
WSW…
N…
W…
NE…
S…
NNW…2.5
2
NW…
WNW…
NNE…
0.5
E…
W…
ESE…
WSW…
0
WSW…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
S…
E…
0
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
S…
80
AĞUSTOS
AUGUST
TEMMUZ
JULY
N…
NNW… 3
2.5
NW…
2
1.5
WNW…
1
0.5
W…
0
N…
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
NNW… 3
2.5
NW…
2
1.5
WNW…
1
0.5
W…
0
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
S…
EKIM
OCTOBER
N…
N…
NNE…
NE…
NNW…2.5
2
NW…
1.5
ENE…
WNW…
NE…
E…
W…
ESE…
WSW…
ENE…
1
0.5
0.5
0
WSW…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
ESE…
SW…
SSE…
SE…
SSW…
ARALIK
DECEMBER
N…
N…
NNE…
NE…
1.5
ENE…
1
0.5
E…
0
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
SSE…
S…
KASIM
NOVEMBER
NNW…2.5
2
NW…
E…
0
S…
W…
NNE…
1.5
1
WNW…
E…
SW…
EYLÜL
SEPTEMBER
W…
ENE…
ESE…
S…
WNW…
NE…
WSW…
SSE…
NNW…2.5
2
NW…
NNE…
SSE…
NNW…3.5
3
NW…
2.5
2
1.5
WNW…
1
0.5
W…
0
NNE…
NE…
ENE…
E…
WSW…
ESE…
SW…
SE…
SSW…
S…
SSE…
S…
Figure 29. Diagram of Monthly Average Wind Rates by Directions
81
Monthly Average Wind Speed Distribution
According to observation records of the Samsun Meteorology Station between the years (19752010), the average wind speed is 2,4 m/s.
Table 32. Monthly Average Wind Rates Between 1975-2010
MONTHS
I
II
III IV V
VI VII VII
IX
X
XI
XII
ANNUAL
Average Wind
Speed (m/s)
2,1
2
2,4
3,1
2,4
3,3
2,9
2,4
1,9
1,7
1,9
2,3
2,3
Average Wind Speed (m/s)
3.5
3
2.5
2
Average Wind Speed (m/s)
1.5
1
0.5
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI VII VII
IX
X
XI
XII
Figure 30. Graphic of Monthly Average Wind Rates
Number of Stormy Days, Strong Windy Days
Based on the observation records of the Samsun Meteorology Station between the years (19752010, the number of total average stormy years is annually 15,3, number of strong windy days
is 61.
82
Table 33. Number of Stormy Days and Strong Windy Days Between 1975-2010
MONTHS
I
II
III
IV V
VI VII
VII IX
X
XI
XII
ANNUAL
Average Number of
4,4
Stormy Days
2,9
1,4
0,7
0,3
0,4
0,2
0,1
0,2
0,3
1,1
3,3
15,3
Average Number of
9
Strong Windy Days
7,5
7
4,8
2,6
2,8
2,8
2,4
2,4
3,4
6,6
9,7
61
10
9
8
7
6
Average Number of Stormy
Days
5
4
Average Number of Strong
Windy Days
3
2
1
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII VII
IX
X
XI
XII
Months
Figure 31. Number of Stormy Days, Strong Windy Days Between 1975-2010
4.1.7 Water Quality
The main causes of water pollution occurring in the area is due to the unconcious use of
pesticides and giving municipal waste and urban and industrial waste directly into the soil and
waste water without treatment into the environment.
Pollution factors of water resources in Samsun are given below
Water Source
Causes of Pollution
Black Sea
Domestic liquid waste, domestic solid waste, industrial wastes,
agricultural activities, marine
Kızılırmak
agricultural activities
Yeşilırmak
83
Mert River
Kürtün Stream
Yılanlı Creek
Terme Stream
Abdal Creek
Karaboğaz Creek
Marine Pollution
Sources that pollute the marine are many and varied as the sea is an receiving environment.
-Pollution from Air:
Burned petroleum derivaties for heating and energy production, coal and other fuels, factories
and exhaust fumes caused by the increasing number of vehicles not only contaminates the
atmosphere, polluting the seas as a result of meteorological events
-Pollution caused by marine vehicles;
Generally caused by ship bilge waters compressed into the sea, leakages during fuel supply,
tanker accidents as well as ship toilet, garbage and from waste food.
Residential units especially established at seafront given sewage waste without any treatment
directly to the sea via rivers and coastal zones is the most widely reason that contaminates the
sea.
There are 4 small industrial zones in Samsun including one within the boundaries of the
Metropolitan Municipality and there is one organized industrial zones within the boundaries of
Tekkeköy. Organized Industrial Zone located within the boundaries of the zoning application
area is 1,590,933 m2 and the treatment facility are is allocated a space of 12.785 m2. There are
117 industrial plots within the OIZ. The OIZ Directorate has conducted the necessary
application to submit the work schedule plan related to the treatment plant to be established
until 13.5.2007 to the Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry. They have reported
that the wastewater emerging from the 4 small industrial sites within the boundaries of the
fMetropolitan Municipality are within the AAT project 8.
8
Samsun Provincial Environment Status Report, 2008
84
Within the scope of the project environmental marine researches were carried out. Under the
scope of the research, on-site and laboratory analysis were procured and the relevant report is
given in Annex-18.
Marine researches and reporting were carried out by Derinsu Sualtı Mühendislik ve
Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti and laboratory analysis were carried out by Düzen Norwest Çevre Gıda
Ve Veteriner Sağlık Hizmetleri Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. A.Ş. which is issued an
Environmental Compliance Certificate by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry
(Certificate No. 06/053/2006).
Within the scope of marine researches, at the project site at 4 points CTD {Conductivity,
Temperature, Density was measured. According to these measurements in the region due to
temperature and salinity stratification (piknoklin) occurrences have been observed. It is
observed that seasonally available data and the literature values for the Samsun Gulf are Black
Sea are in accordance. Furthermore, in the analysis in pH dissolved oxygen (mg / l), dissolved
oxygen (%) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg / l) were analyzed in Annex-18.
Within the scope of the laboratory analysis, at the project field at 6 ponits, surface and deep
water ammonia, colour, turbidity, AKM, oil and grease, phenols, total nitrogen, total
phosphorus, lead, cadmium, aluminium, chromium, copper, silver, nickel, zinc, arsenic and
mercury measurements were performed.
On the field where the study was carried out, the Water Pollution Control Regulations Table 4,
"General Quality Criteria for Marine Water” and the parameters measured in this study from
stations number 1, 2, 3 and 6, surface water ammonia (NH3) values were measured higher than
the limit specified in the regulations. According to the Water Pollution Control Regulations in
sea water Ammonia (NH3), the highest value must be 0.02 mg / L. Analysis of the parameters,
phenols, total phosphorus, cadmium, chromium, copper, silver, copper, nickel, zinc and arsenic
values at both depths at all stations were below the method detection limits.
The analysis results (average values for the water arm) performed measurements of the
parameters examined, ammonia, color, turbidity, oil and grease, and the highest values of
mercury from the station No. 1, suspended solids and the highest values of aluminum in the
station No. 6, the total nitrogen high value were measured by the station No. 4 and 5.
For the evaluation of the physicochemical analysis of marine sediment in our country, the sea
water used in the Water Pollution Control Regulation comparison of physicochemical
measurements are not available in a similar regulation. For this reason, comparisons to Soil
Pollution Control Regulation Parameters Limit Values table in Annex I-A under the soil pH
values are greater than 6. When the analysis are evaluated in this context, copper values at
stations 3, 4 and 6, nickel values at stations 1, 2 and 6, mercury values at stations 3 and 6 were
measured higher than the limit values specified in the TKKY.
During biodiversity studies Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and adopted as indicators of
pollution, species have been identified Makrobentik creatures but these creatures living in the
area over the pollution level in the project in order to provide precise information about the
more detailed sampling is required. However, the biodiversity sampling and physico-chemical
parameters measured in the region were combined with available literature values it appears
that there is an accumulation of pollution in the region.
85
4.1.8 Ambient Air Quality
Climate and Weather
Samsun generally has a temperate climate. However, the coast inland climate shows two
different features. Along the coast (Central District, Terme, Çarşamba, Bafra, Alaçam, 19
Mayıs, Tekkeköy) effects of the Black Sea climate are observed. For this, at the coastal line,
summers are hot, winters are mild and rainy. Inner segments (Vezirköprü, Havza, Alaçam,
Kavak, Salıpazarı and Asarcık) is under the influence of Akdağ with a height 2000 m and
Canik Mountains with a height of 1500 m. Here, due to the influence of the mountains winters
are cold with rain and snow while summers are cool.
Altitude in Samsun is 4 meters. Conditioning and radiosonde observations are carrie out under
the Regional Directorate of State Meteorology Affairs. There are seven meteorlogical stations
under the Regional Directorate. Conditioning observation is carried out at the Bafra, Osmancık,
Ünye Station Directorates, Synoptic and conditioning observations are carried out at the Ordu,
Sinop and Çorum Stations and sinoptic observations are carried out the Çarşamba Field
Directorate.
The İlkadım County having the the highest density of population in the province, Department
of Obstetrics and locality measurements of SO2 and PM10, which is the region where the
industry is mostly concentrated in Tekkeköy District (PTT Directorate garden) and type of air
quality measurement station in the city of SO2, PM10, CO, NO, NO2, NOX are measured. 24
hours of continuous measurements and data taken with an interval of one hour is published to
the public via Internet.
İlkadım District Station Coordinates:
41 degrees 16 minutes 43 seconds north,
36 degrees 20 minutes 18 seconds east.
Tekkeköy District Station Coordinates:
41 degrees 13 minutes 28 seconds north,
36 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds east.
The graphic indicating the 24-hour air quality of the Samsun (1-2) Province of 2011-2012 is
given below.
86
Figure 32. Air Quality of Samsın (1-2) Province 9
Air quality data from air quality monitoring station in Samsun in 2010 with the project area and
which are more suitable to represent the district borders at Tekkeköy, air quality data by the
Tekkeköy Air Quality Monitoring Station 2010 which was established on 27.12.2007 are
presented in Annex-19.
Calculation and evaluation of air pollution levels resulting from the facility are made using a
model as the Air Quality Modelling Report is given in Annex-20.
9
www.havaizleme.gov.tr
87
Industrial Emissions
At the end of 2008, a total of 104 companies being issued an emission permits and permits
obtained over the years by the Provincial Directorate of Environmental Management are
provided in the following graphic.
Distribution by Year of the Number of Companies being issued an Emission
Years
Figure 33. Distribution by Year of the Number of Companies being issued an Emission Licence 10
Emissions caused by Traffic
As of January 2007, exhaust measurements in the province are made by authorized stations
which fulfil the requirements of TS 12047. 12 stations in the province centre, 2 in Çarşamba, 1
in Vezirköprü have been issued a license from the Ministry and a total of 19 stations throughout
the province as of now begun measurements of exhaust emissions. Vehicle exhaust
measurements of 61.306 units of vehicles were carried out by these stations in 2008
10
İl Çevre ve Orman Müdürlüğü-2008
88
Table 34. Annual Quantities of Gasoline and Diesel Use 11
MOTORİN (L)
K.B. 98 OCTANE (L)
TOTAL
Center total
Province
general total
Center
total
116.963,115
2.580.913,796
92.775
Table 35. Annual Vehicle Types and Numbers 12
VEHICLE TYPE
CITY CENTER
7925
Motorcycle
47607
Cars
3808
Minibus
704
Bus
17139
Pick-up Truck
3812
Truck
9943
Tractor
293
Tow Truck
308
Special Purpose Vehicle
211
Tanker
868
Land Vehicle
Province
general
total
140.477
L. GASOLINE (L)
Center total
4.010.455,043
Province
general
total
4.617.992
EURO
DIESEL (L)
Province
general total
1.448.041
PROVINCE GENERAL
20824
655
9598
1321
31092
6932
41116
574
402
316
1214
There are two international airports in the province. Aircraft per year landing is 1200, the
average aircraft is in transit is 2500. Annual average of 2 million liters of Jet A-1 fuel is used.
Air Pollutant Gasses and their Sources
Located within the boundaries of the province of Samsun Organized Industrial Zone in
particular Kutlukent-Tekkeköy there are large and small plants. Especially, high-polluting
plants characteristic of the condition to begin trying to be taken under the control the Ministry
of Environment and Forestry General Directorate of Environmental Management dated
27.04.2004 and 2004/4 No. Air Pollution Control Circular No. 5884-314055 and the amending
circular letter dated 16.06.2004 was provided. Samsun is a province of Intensive Air Pollution
as it was tendered that by the Ministry of Environment and Forests on 11.6.2004 that is located
in the group of first degree and a fixed-type measurement station to carry out sulphur dioxide
(SO2) and particulate matter (PM) measurements was established in the province of Samsun on
25.07.2006. The station, being one of the 25 stations established in the first place in our
country, 24 hours of continuous sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) are
measured at the Air Pollution Monitoring Network Station.
In the region where the project area is located, there are currently air pollution measurement
stations and meteorological factors in the impact zone of SO2, NO2, CO and dust
measurements can be made. However, in case of need and / or official institutions, the new air
quality monitoring stations will be set up if requested.
11
12
Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry-2008
89
In the following figures, the 2010 SO2 and PM graphics obtained from the air quality
monitoring stations in Samsun and Tekkeköy are provided.
Figure 34. Samsun 2010 Air Quality – Source: MoEF, www. havaizleme.gov.tr
Figure 35. Tekkeköy 2010 Air Quality – Source: MoEF, www. havaizleme.gov.tr
90
Carbon Monoxide
One of the most common pollutants within settlements is carbon monoxide gases. Carbon
monoxide is an odourless, colourless and poisonous gas. Gas is quite stable in the atmosphere
with a duration of 2-4 months.
This gas, the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines with a full-combustible fuels are
produced in large quantities. It is available in normal exhaust gas in an amount of 3-4% and of
7% in poor-burned fuel gas.
Long-term limit value of carbon monoxide is 10 000 mg/m3 as the term limit value is 30 000
mg/m3.
Nitrogen Oxides
Nitrogen, bringing together the seven kinds of oxides, the most important of these air emissions
are nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These together (NO + NO2) are
designated as NOX.
Table 36. Main Sources of NOX 13
Sources
tons/year
1. Natural Resources
19
2. Human Activities
a. Use of Fosil Fuels
-Energy Gain
-Transportation
11
9
b.Agircultural Activities
-Biomass Combustion
-Inorganic Fertilizers
- Organic Fertilizers
7
2
2
Considering these sources, the largest source of NOx in Samsun is known to be in energy
saving, transport and agricultural activities. Measurement of nitrogen oxides in the air could be
made in the province of Samsun. Measurements of nitrogen oxide gases in the exhaust gases
from vehicles in traffic in our city and are being inspected.
Hydrogen Carbonate and Lead Emissions
Measurements of hydrocarbon emissions in the air and lead are not performed in the province
of Samsun.
13
91
Atmospheric Pollution
Effects of Ozone Depletion
The most important feature of the ozone layer is to absorb the sun's ultraviolet rays, ultraviolet
radiation which negatively affect all living beings, natural resources and agricultural products.
This ray adsorption process, oxygen broken down into ozone and ozone again into oxygen
occur as a result of the use of ultraviolet rays.
Depletion of the ozone layer has a significant impact on human health. These effects increase in
skin cancers and cataracts, changes in the immune system, marine organisms will result in
significant changes in their life cycle and climate change.
Ozone depleting is caused more by chlorofluorocarbons used as a more-cooling factor in
refrigerators. In many developed countries and the EC countries, the less use use of this gas in
sprays and to to use from 2000 is requested. The measurement of chlorofluorocarbon gases
which cause depletion in the ozone layer cannot be performed in the province.
Effects of Acid Rain
Acid rain cause in surface water, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium sulphate, aluminium,
manganese, iron and zinc concentrations increase and causing decrease in pH value.
Acidification in water affects all living things in ecosystems. The lower the pH value, changes
in phytoplankton species composition. Acidification of waters, may increase concentrations of
some metals. Most important of these are aluminium and mercury emissions. Aluminium
toxicity, pH values and the environment depends on the substances formed. Fish is mostly
affected from acidification causing reproductive disorders. The effect of decreasing pH value
and the reproductive organs of some fish species may increase the abandoning from natural
environments. Sudden fish kills in rivers, first encountered this situation as a result of heavy
autumn rains or melting snows in spring cause low water pH.
4.1.9 Noise
In the region, there will be formation of noise due to traffic, industrial activities, construction
work, social activities carried out in residential areas and ffrom the airport. According to
conducted surveys, noise constitutes the most prevalent disturbance of environmental pollution
at a rate of 60%. In addition, people living in cities indicated that 73% of traffic-related noise
disturbance.
The project is located in the Industrial Area where the activity in the region as there is the
formation of noise pollution caused by the industry. In addition, there is formation of noise in
question from the traffic on the Samsun-Ordu Highway.
The background noise measurements have been conducted according to the relevant regulations
in order to see the baseline noise condition of the region. With this regard, the measurements
were taken from 6 determined points around the facility in the enterprise.1 and 2 numbered
measurement points were performed in Selyeri Mahallesi, 3 and 4 numbered points were
performed in Yalı Mahallesi, 5 numbered measurement point was performed in front of
92
N.Serap Ulusoy Anadolu Denizcilik Meslek Lisesi and as for 6 numbered measurement point
was performed in front of Eti Bakır A.Ş. Misafirhanesi.
The tables below show the measurement locations' distances to the project site and the
measurement results.
Table 37. Distances of Measurement Locations to the Project Site
The Distances Of Determined Points To
Measurement Points
The Project Area (M)
1
894
2
899
3
1176
4
1182
5
890
6
1555
4.1.10. Archaeological and Cultural Resources
The province of Samsun has a background rich in cultural and natural assets. Especially Ladik,
Merkez, Vezirköprü, Havza, Kavak and Bafra districts are quite intense for the presence of
archaeological sites. Tumuli and mounds of ancient times were declared as protected area with
various degrees.
The nearest archaeological site of the project area are the "Tekkeköy Caves" which are at a
distance of approximately 3.5 km. It is located within the boundaries of the Tekkeköy 14 km
south of Samsun. Along the valley watered by Fındıcak and Çınarcık streams it was understood
that shelters and caves in the rock mass in the plain with large and small settlements at the end
of the research and excavation are of 1941 and belong to Prehistoric and Protohistoric Ages. At
the junction of Fındıcak and Çinarcik valleys, a rock mass is known as the "hollow rock". It is
argued to be a Phrygian fortress. This place is I. degree archaeological area.
4.2. Biological Enivronment
4.2.1 Flora
The project area, when considered in terms of the Davis's grid system (Flora of Turkey and the
East Aegen Islands) it enters the A-6 frame, when investigated phytogeographically it is seen
that the region is under the effect of the European-Siberian Phytogeographical Region. The
regions of Turkey on the grid system and the vegetation formations of the Black Sea
Phytogeographical Region are given in following figures.
93
Proje Alanı
Figure 36. Regions of Turkey Phytogeography (Davis P.H, Harper P.C. and Hege, I.C. (eds.), 1971. Plant Life of
South-West Asia. The Botanical Society o f Edinburgh)
Abbreviations:
Eur.-SIB (EUX): Euro-Siberian Region (oxy sub-regions), Col: Colchis sector of auxin bottom.
MED. : Mediterranean Region (Eastern Mediterranean sub-region); WA : Western Anatolia
region; T. : Taurus
region; A. : Amanus region
IR.-TUR. : Iran-Turanien Area; C.A. : Central Anatolia; E.A. : Eastern Anatolia (MES:
Mesopotamia)
X. : Probably of the European-Siberian Central European / Balkan sub-region
----> Euro-Siberian penetration -------> Mediterranean penetration
94
Project Area
Figure 37. Vegetation Formations of the Black Sea Phytogeography Region
Remarks:
1 - Humid temperate deciduous beech, oak, alder, linden, chestnut forests
2 - section of the spruce forests of the eastern Black Sea
3 - mostly coniferous larch, fir and pine forests
4 - The needle and dry broad-leaved forest
5 - the dry forests of pine and oak
6 - originating from the Mediterranean shrub (maquis), and the dry forests of pinus brutia
7 – Anthropogen step
8 - Alpine Meadow
The project area is located within the power generation plant area. The area is exposed to
intense anthropogenic effects have lost property due to natural terrestrial flora. Observation of
the project site and surrounding land in order to determine the flora and the literature was
conducted. These studies were carried out by our company staff biologist Efsun AĞIRTAŞ as
identified species are given in the following lists. In these studies, species endemism status,
hazard classes and the phytogeographical region element of species were indicated. Turkish
equivalents of the plants were given by benefiting from the 'Turkish Dictionary of Plant
Names" (Baytop, 1994).
95
Table 38. Flora Table
PAPAVERACEA Fumaria officinalis
E
ROSACEAE
Crataegus monogyna
ssp monogyna
ROSACEAE
Potentilla reptans
Şahtereotu
-
-
0-700 m
-
L, A
COVERANCE
ABUNDANCY
DANGE
(BraunEND.
R
Balanquet
CLASS
Method
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 L B Y
X
X
Alıç
-
-
0-1800 m
-
L
X X
-
-
Avrupa-Sibirya
0-2300 m
-
L
LEGÜMİNOSAE Medicago orbicularis
Yonca
-
Avrupa-Sibirya
0-900 m
-
L, A
LEGÜMİNOSAE Trifolium arvense var
arvense
LEGÜMİNOSAE Vicia tetrasperma
Üçgül
Akdeniz
0-2300 m
-
L
-
-
-
20-1950 m
-
L
X
LABİATAE
Lamium amplexicaule
Ballıbaba
-
Avrupa-Sibirya
3-2770 m
-
L
X X
LABİATAE
Stachys byzantina
-
-
Avrupa-Sibirya
30-2000 m
-
L
X
X
X
LABİATAE
Teucrium polium
Acı yavşan Peryavşan
Akdeniz
0-2050 m
-
L, A
X
X X
X
COMPOSİTAE
Pulicaria dysenterica
-
Avrupa-Sibirya
0-1600 m
-
L
COMPOSİTAE
Crepis foetida
Tüylü kanak -
-
0-1300 m
-
L
COMPOSİTAE
Anthemis altissima
-
-
0-1200 m
-
L
FAMILIA
SPECIES
PLANT
PHYTOGEOG
ACORDI
TURKISH REGIONAL
LOCALIT
IDENTIF
RAPHICAL
NG TO
HABITAT
NAME
NAME
Y
ICATIO
REGION
BERN
N TYPE
-
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
96
COMPOSİTAE
Köy
göçüren
Keçe otu
Hamurkesen
İran-Turan
COMPOSİTAE
Cirsium arvense ssp
arvense
Filago eriocephala
-
COMPOSİTAE
Pallenis spinosa
-
BORAGİNACEA Buglossoides arvensis
E
BORAGİNACEA Heliotropium supinum
E
CRUCİFERAE
Alyssum desertorum
var desertorum
-
L
Avrupa-Sibirya
1152500 m
0-1200 m
-
L
-
Akdeniz
0-250 m
-
L
-
-
-
0-2500 m
-
L
X
-
-
-
0-1200 m
-
L
X
-
-
-
0-2000 m
-
L
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X
X
X
97
FAMILIA
SPECIES
CRUCİFERAE
Capsella bursa-pastoris Kuşkuş
otu
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Silene gallica
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Stellaria holostea
CYPERACEAE
Carex flacca ssp
serrulata
UMBELLİFERAE
Artedia squamata
UMBELLİFERAE
Caucalis platycarpos
Küçük
pıtrak
UMBELLİFERAE
Ammi visnaga
Diş otu
UMBELLİFERAE
Scandix pecten-veneris Kişkiş
GRAMİNEAE
GRAMİNEAE
SALİCACEAE
Poa bulbosa
Lolium rigidum var
rigidum
Salix alba
COVERANCE
DANGE
ABUNDANCY
END.
R
(BraunCLASS
Balanquet
Method
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 L B Y
X X
X
PLANT
ACORD
REGION PHYTOGEOGR
IDENTIFI
LOCALIT
TURKIS
HABITAT
ING TO
APHICAL
AL
CATION
Y
H NAME
BERN
REGION
NAME
TYPE
Karaçim
Çoban
çantası
-
Avrupa-Sibirya
0-2000 m
-
L
Avrupa-Sibirya
Akdeniz
0-400 m
50-1600
0-1600 m
-
L
L
L
X
-
-
0-1500 m
0-2200 m
-
L
L
X
X
Hilal otu
Zühre
tarağı
Akdeniz
Akdeniz
0-700 m
0-980 m
-
L, A
L
X
X X
Avrupa-Sibirya
-
0-3000 m
0-1850 m
-
L
L
Avrupa-Sibirya
0-2000 m
-
L
-
Ak söğüt Köy
söğüdü
X
X X
X X
X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
98
HABITAT CLASSES
DANGER CLASSES
OVERLAY-ABUNDANCE LEVEL
ENDEMISM
1. Forrest
Ex : -Extinct Endemic Species (Extinct)
1. Very Rare
L : Local Endemic
2. Maki
Ew : Endemic Species Extinct in Nature (Extinct in Natureş)
2. Rare
B : Regional Endemic
3. Frigana
CR : Critically Endangered Endemic Species
3. Moderately Abundant
Y : Common
Endemic
4. Cultural Areas (Vineyard, garden,etc)
EN : Non-Endemic Species under Danger (In Danger)
4. Abundant
5. Meadow
VU : Damagable Species
5. Very Abundant or Creating a Pure Population
6. Humid Meadow, March and Wetland
LR : Low Risk Plants (Under Lower Risk)
7. Steppe
cd : Plants not entered in any of the categories above but which have a Taxon-Specific or
8. Rocky
nt : Habitat-Specific Protection Program (Requiring Protection Measures)
HOW PLANT DETERMINATION IS MADE
LOCALITY: Excat address and lc : Least Concerned (that does not require any protection, and that is not under threat)
A : Field Work Results
Height of the Plant
DD: Plants requiring more information rather that the plant being under threat
L : Literature Scanning Result
NE: Not Evaluated
A, L : Field Work and Literature Scanning
99
In order to determine the endemic and endangered species from the above specified list, the
Red Data Book of Turkish Plants, Association for the Conservation of Nature, Turkey, Van
100th Year University 2000 publication was screened and any plant species being under danger
were not observed. In addition, species which are under protection according to national or
international conventions were also not determined.
4.2.2. Fauna
As our project area remains within a energy production plant facility area wild life is not in
question. Land observation and literature screening was carried out in order to determine the
fauna of the activity area. These studies were carried out by our company staff Biologist Efsun
AĞIRTAŞ and species likely to live in the region are identified in the lists below.
100
Table 39. Fauna Table / Bird Species List
Latin Name
Turkish Name
AVES
BIRDS
TAKIM : PELECANİFORMES
FAM : PHALACROCORACİDAE
Kürekayaklı kuşlar
Karabatakgiller
Sp
Karabatak
: Phalacrocorax carbo
TAKIM : ANSERİFORMES
FAM : ANATİDAE
Kazsılar
Ördekgiller
Sp
Yeşilbaş ördek
: Anas platyrynchos
TAKIM : ACCİPİTRİFORMES
FAM : ACCİPİTRİDAE
Yırtıcıkuşlar
Yırtıcıkuşlar
Sp
Saz delicesi
: Circis aeroginosus
English Name
EVRDB
IUCN
END
BERN
AVL
CONVENTION (2010-2011)
SOURCE
Pygmycormorant
A-2
LC
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste-II
L, A, G
Mallard
A-4
LC
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste-III
L
Marsh Harrier
A-4
-
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste-I
L
TAKIM : FALCONİFORMES
FAM : FALCONİDAE
Doğanlar
Doğangiller
Sp
: Falco tinnunculus
Kerkenez
Kestrel
A-4
LC
-
Ek-II
Ek Liste-I
L
Sp
: Falco peregrinus
Gezgincidoğan
Peregrine Falcon
A-4
LC
-
Ek-II
Ek Liste-I
L
Quail
A-4
LC
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste -III
L
TAKIM : GALLİFORMES
FAM : PHASİANİDAE
Tavuklar
Tavuksular
Sp
Bıldırcın
: Coturnix coturnix
101
Latin Name
Turkish Name
AVES
BIRDS
TAKIM : COLUMBİFORMES
FAM : COLUMBİDAE
Güvercinler
Güvercingiller
Sp
: Columba livia
Kaya Güvercini
Sp
:Streptopelia decaocto
Kumru
English Name
EVRDB
IUCN
END
BERN
AVL
CONVENTION (2010-2011)
SOURCE
Haustaube:
Domestis Pigeon
Türkentaube:
Collarede Dove
A-4
LC
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste-III
L, A, G
A-4
LC
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste-II
L
Ek-III
Ek Liste-III
L, A, G
TAKIM : PASSERİFORMES
FAM : CORVİDAE
Ötücü Kuşlar
Kargagiller
Sp
: Pica pica
Saksağan
Elster :Magpie
-
LC
Sp
: Corvus corax
Kara Karga
Koikraba:Roven
-
LC
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste-II
L
Sığırcıkgiller
Sığırcık
Star: Starling
-
LC
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste-II
L, A, G
FAM : STURNİDAE
Sp
: Sturnus vulgaris
EVRDB
: European Vertabrate Red Data Book
AVL (2011-2012)
: Decision of the Central Hunting Commission
END
: Endemic
KAYNAK
:
A
: Poll (Information from local people)
G
: Observation
L
: Literature
102
Reptiles, amphibians and mammals
Latin Name
Turkish Name
MAMMALİA
TAKIM
: İNSECTİVORA
FAM
: SORİCİDAE
CİNS
: Sorex
Sp
: Sorex minutus
MEMELİLER
Böcekçiller
Sivrifareler
FAM : TALPİDAE
CİNS : Talpa
Sp
: Talpa levantis levantis
Köstebekler
TAKIM
:CHİROPTERA
ALT TAKIM :MİCROCHİROPTERA
FAM
: VESPERTİLİONİDAE
CİNS : Eptesicus
Sp
: Eptesicus serotinus
TAKIM : RODENTİA
ALT TAKIM : MYOMORPHA
FAM
: SPALACİDAE
CİNS
: Spalax
Sp
: Spalax leucodon (Nannospalax
leucodon)
Cücefare
Körköstebek
ERL
END
IUCN
BERN
Convention
AVL
(2010-2011)
SOURCE
HABİTAT
Observation
Station
Nt
-
LC
Ek-III
-
L
Çayırlarda, kırlarda,
parklarda,
bataklıklarda,
ormanlarda, göl ve
deniz kıyılarında
-
Nt
-
LC
-
-
L
Kumlu, gevşek, nemli
toprakları tercih
ederler
-
V
-
LC
-
Ek Liste-I
L
Terkedilmiş
harabelerde
Nt
-
DD
-
-
L
Verimli alanlarda, bağ
ve bahçelerde
Böcek Yiyen Yarasala
Düz Burunlu Yarasalar
Genişkanatlı Yarasa
Kemiriciler
Fare Benzeri Sincaplar
Körfareler
Körfare
103
Latin Name
Turkish Name
ERL
END
IUCN
BERN
Convention
AVL
(2010-2011)
SOURCE
HABİTAT
REPTİLİA
TAKIM
: SQUAMATA
ALT TAKIM : LACERTİLİA
FAM
: LACERTİDAE
Sp
: Lacerta trilineata
SÜRÜNGENLER
Kertenkeleler
Kertenkeleler
Asıl Kertenkeleler
İri Yeşil Kertenkele
Nt
-
LC
Ek-II
Ek Liste-I
L
Kurak arazilerde, tarla
ve bağların arasında
yaşarlar
ALT TAKIM : OPHİDİA
FAM
: COLUBRİDAE
CİNS
: Elaphe
Sp
: Elaphe quartuorlineta
sauromates
CİNS
: Natrix
Sp
: Natrix natrix persa
Yılanlar
Sarı Yılan
Nt
-
-
Ek-II
Ek Liste-I
Küpeli Suyılanı
Nt
-
-
Ek-III
Ek Liste-I
L
Suya yakın taşlık ve
çayırlık yerlerde
-
AMPHIBIA
TAKIM
: ANURA
ALTTAKIM : DİPLASİOCAELA
FAM
: RANİDAE
CİNS
: Rana
Sp
: Rana dalmatina
AMFİBİLER
Kuyruksuzkurbağalar
R
-
LC
Ek-II
-
L
Yaprağı döken
ormanlarda, yüksek
boylu çayırlarla kaplı
ıslak yerlerde
-
Observation Station
HABİTAT
ERL
Sukurbağaları
Su kurbağaları
Çevik Kurbağa
Observation
Station
Taşlık yerler, bahçeler
ve tarlalarda
: Detection of Species, in which the field studies performed in and around the Field of Activity
: Feature of the Living Area where Species were detected
: European Red List
104
Related to the above-mentioned species from international trade "in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora Convention on International Trade in (CITES) was examined. The
region's flora species or subspecies included in this contract there through the list. Again, the
list of fauna in the region of the living environment of this User Agreement, and the two
species were identified in the region. These are: Columba livia (rock dove) (Annex III) and
Falco peregrinus (born wanderer) (Appendix I). Accordingly.
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
Annex I: shall include all species threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by
trade. Trade in specimens of these species must be subject to particularly strict regulation in
order not to endanger further their survival and must only be authorized in exceptional
circumstances.
Annex II: shall include all species which although not necessarily now threatened with
extinction may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict
regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.
Annex III: shall include all species which any Party identifies as being subject to regulation
within its jurisdiction for the purpose of preventing or restricting exploitation, and as needing
the co-operation of other Parties in the control of trade.
In order to determine the species taken under protection among the species above, the Turkish
Environmental Legislation “Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural
Habitats” and its annexes were examined. Species under conservation according to the Bern
Convention are specified.
In order to determine the species taken under protection among the species above, the Turkish
Environmental Legislation “Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural
Habitats” and its annexes were examined. Species under conservation according to the Bern
Convention are specified.
Fauna species under protection according to the Bern Convention are divided into two
categories.
Species being precisely under protection
III
Protected Species
Bern Convention Article 6 Provisions
Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative
measures to ensure the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix II.
ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
105
The following will in particular be prohibited for these species:
•
•
•
•
•
all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing;
the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites;
the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding,
rearing and hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant in relation to the
objectives of this Convention;
the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs even if
empty;
the possession of and internal trade in these animals, alive or dead, including stuffed
animals and any readily recognisable part or derivative thereof, where this would
contribute to the effectiveness of the provisions of this article.
Bern Convention Article 7 Provisions
Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative
measures to ensure the protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix III.
Any exploitation of wild fauna specified in Appendix III shall be regulated in order to keep the
populations out of danger, taking into account the requirements of Article 2.
Measures to be taken shall include:
closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation;
the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory
population levels;
the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or offering for sale of
live and dead wild animals.
Fauna species under protection according to IUCN are classified as following:
EX (Extınct)
Extinct Taxon (Extinct)
EW (Extinct in the Wild)
Became extinct in nature (Extinct in the Wild)
CR (Critically Endangered)
Critically Endangered) as a critical endangered taxon (Critical)
EN (Endangered)
Endangered Taxon (TEndangered)
VU(Vulnerable)
Taxon which of the species is under high risk for
extinction(Sensitive)
NT(Near Threatened)
Can be Threatened (Close to Danger)
LC(Least Concern)
Widespread taxon with high population (Low Risk)
DD (Data Deficient)
there is insufficient information for the distribution and / or the
population at risk of extinction based on the condition it is not
possible to do an evaluation of the taxa (Data Deficient)
NE (Not Evaluated)
Not Evaluated Taxon (Not Evaluated)
106
Based on the work called “Turkey birds" (Kiziroglu, 1989) Protected by national and
international legislations and some bird species described in the project area around the "Red
Data Book" (ERZ, 1977; HEINWALD et all., 1981; Bayerische STAATSMINISTEIUM 1982
a and b; GEEP 1984) are classified into categories as follows:
A.1
Endangered Species
A.2
Under Severe Threat
A.3
Under Threat
A.4
Those who signal potential danger
B Categories
Temporary-Transit Species
According to the Central Hunting Commission 2011-2012 Hunting Period decision of the
Ministry of Environment and Forestry General Directorate of Nature Protection and National
Parks which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette, the following
categories were classified.
Additional List- I
Wild animals which are protected under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Additional List -II
Hunting Animals which are under protection by the Central Hunting Commission
Additional List III
Animals for which Hunting is permitted in certain periods by the Central Hunting
Commission
The species included in the conservation lists of the 2010-2011 Hunting Period prepared
pursuant to the Republic of Turkey Hunting Period decision of the Ministry of Environment
and Forestry General Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks, the protection
measures specified in these commission decisions shall be complied. In addition, the provisions
of the BERN and CITES Convention shall also be complied.
4.2.3. Aquatic Flora and Fauna
Water intake pipelines planned to be laid at the sea section are at a length of 977 m from the
shore as longest line (4 units of water intake structures between KP0+755 and KP0+977) as the
exact route of the pipelines are identified within the scope of this repored 14 being prepared.
Under the scope of the project, the cooling water requirement of 60.000m3/hour from the sea
and the discharge to the sea of 60.000m3/hour plant cooling water has been planned (4 units of
diffuser pipes with 22 outlets at a length of 209m between KP 0+467 and KP 0+676 is planned.
14
Samsun Tekkeköy Combined Cycle Power Plant Water Intake and Discharge Pipeline Design Project Final Report,
DERİNSU SUALTI MÜHENDİSLİK VEDANIŞMANLIK LTD.ŞTİ., 11.02.2011
107
About 1 km north of the activity area the Black Sea is located and water intake to be performed
under the project and discharge processes will be performed at the Black Sea.
General Characteristics of the Black Sea
The Black Sea which is featuring to be an inland sea between Europe and Asia has a coastal
line of 8350 kilometers and a surface area of 461000km2. Widest part from east to west is 1175
km and the deepest point is is about 2210 km. Its water is cooler and less salty than other seas.
The most distinctive feature of the Black Sea is the lack of vibrant life after a depth of 200 m as
oxygen is only available at the surface of the water of 200 m. Increasing toward the bottom
layer with oxygen under the high rates of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) are available which causes
a toxic effect for living species.
Hydrogen sulphide formation at the Black Sea (H2S): oxygen input, aerobic (oxygen breathing)
bacteria in anaerobic degradation of organic matter collapsing to meet the oxygen requirement
(oxygen breathing) bacteria SO4 (sulphate) and H2S'li environment through the reduction
becomes composed.
Because of the concentration of hydrogen sulphide at the bottom part, on the surface waters less
salty waters of Mediterranean origin haloklin continuous layer (salinity varies according to
depth in the region more quickly than other parts). Vertcial mixtures at the Black Sea are
effective up to the upper limit of vertical haloklin. For this reason, sulphur in a surface layer of
oxygen in the deep sea transport of dissolved oxygen is very limited.
1. Analysis of Marine Flora and Fauna
Within the scope of the said project, the “Samsun Tekkeköy Combined Cycle Power Plant
Project Environmental Marine Research” report was prepared by DERİNSU SUALTI
MÜHNEDİSLİK & DANIŞMANLIK LTD. ŞTİ on behalf of CENGİZ ENERJİ SANAYİ ve
TİCARET A.Ş. Within this research, between 04.25.09 -29.04.09 hydrographic, oceanographic,
geophysical and geological (sediment sample intake) studies as well as a variety of sea water
and sediment samples for physico-chemical and biological analyzes were performed. The
figure below shows the sampling stations.
108
Station where biodiversitiy
analysis is performed
Figure 38. Sampling Stations
İST_1, İST_2: Stations where Sea Water and Sediment Analyses are Carried out
BIO: Station Where the Biodiversity Analysis is carried out
Biodiversity Analysis
Within the scope of biodiversity studies performed in the project area phytoplankton,
zooplankton and makrobentos sampling was carried out at one point.
Plankton: Plankton is defined as all organism living in water in a free state, even if the
organelle movement can move only a limited effect and therefore it is displaced more or less
passively and from microscopic organisms (bacteria, etc.) to jelly fish many organism are
defined as plankton.
Phytoplankton: A vegetable plankton having the ability to synthesize a portion of their own
material through photosynthesis (ototrof).
Zooplankton: Animal Plankton feeding (heterotrophic) with organic particles and/or organism
available in the environment.
109
Benthos: Benthos or benthic organism is the general name for all the organisms living in deep
sea. Depending on the bottom structure, benthic organisms live in the sea floor (infauna) or on
the sea floor (epifauna) Benthic organisms are separated according to size into 3. These are
from small to large; Mikrobentos, Meiobentos and Makrobentos
Working Method
Within the scope of biodiversity studies carried out in the project region, (see Figure 31
Sampling Stations), phytoplankton, zooplankton and makrobentos sampling was carried out at
one point. 2 methods were used for the Phytoplankton samples.
1) 15 m deep vertical upward (vertical) with a plankton net with mesh captured of 55
µm
2) mid-point of the water column (10 m deep) were made with Niskin-type water
sampling device.
For zooplankton samples 200μm mesh plankton net with a depth of 15 m were used and
sampling was carried out in vertical upward direction.
For makrobentos samples the Van Veen Grab was used and samples were put into a jar after
being filtered through a 0.5 mm mesh.
All examples of biodiversity, deterioration of the samples to be 4% formaldehyde was added to
the result. Determinations of samples were made by the Sinop University at the Faculty of
Fisheries.
Findings
Samples were brought to the laboratory to be analysed. Samples were subjected to various
processes and then counts were carried out. Accordingly, phytoplankton and zooplankton
species were detected and abundance and biomass values are given in the table below.
110
Table 40 .Phytoplankton Samples Taken with the Niskin Bottle
Species
Abundance (cell.I-1) Biomass (µg.I-1)
Kingdom (alem) :Protoctista
Phylum (şube) : Dinomastigota
Classis (sınıf)
:DINOPHYCEAE
Ceratium furca
60
0,216
Ceratium fusus
300
3,281
Ceratium tripos
110
0,568
Dinophysis fortii
15
2,053
Gyrodinium lachryma
10
0,752
Phalacroma rotundata
15
0,086
Prorocentrum micans
80
1,368
Protoperidinium bipes
95
0,199
Protoperidinium conicum
57
2,459
Protoperidinium depressum
62
1,992
Protoperidinium steinii
30
1,272
Pyrocystis elegans
20
0,196
Kingdom (alem) : Chromista
Phylum (şube) : Ochrophyta
Classis (sınıf)
: DICTYOCHOPHYCEAE
Dictyocha speculum
15
0,126
Phylum (şube) : Bacillariophyta
Classis (sınıf)
: FRAGILARIOPHYCEAE
Thalassionema nitzschioides
140
0,106
Classis (sınıf)
: COSCINODISCOPHYCEAE
Chaetoceros affinis
235
3,048
Chaetoceros curvisetus
245
12,637
Chaetoceros sociale
580
9,601
Coscinodiscus centralis
10
0,686
Leptocylindrus danicus
7500
43,354
Proboscia alata
61390
1687,546
Pseudo-solenia calcar
83490
4211,091
Skeletonema dohrnii
60000
147,262
Classis (sınıf)
: BACILLARIOPHYCEAE
Nitzschia tenuirostris
7000
6,213
Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima 935000
1195,098
111
Table 41. Samples Taken with the Phytoplankton Bucket
Species
Abundance (hücre.I-1)
Kingdom (alem) :Protoctista
Phylum (şube) : Dinomastigota
Classis (sınıf)
:DINOPHYCEAE
Ceratium furca
158,73
Ceratium fusus
1587,30
Ceratium tripos
984,13
Dinophysis fortii
380,95
Gonyaulax polyedra
190,48
Phalacroma rotundata
349,21
Prorocentrum compressum
253,97
Prorocentrum micans
444,44
Protoperidinium bipes
920,63
Biomass (µg.I-1)
0,572
17,361
5,081
52,127
2,286
1,997
4,827
7,602
1,928
Protoperidinium conicum
730,16
41,289
Protoperidinium depressum
Protoperidinium pellucidum
1142,86
698,41
82,088
9,362
Protoperidinium steinii
190,48
8,078
Classis (sınıf)
: FRAGILARIOPHYCEAE
Asterionellopsis glacialis
Licmophora ehrenbergii
31,75
63,49
0,041
1,016
Thalassionema nitzschioides
2220,00
1,673
Classis (sınıf)
: COSCINODISCOPHYCEAE
Chaetoceros affinis
Chaetoceros curvisetus
2253,97
18603,17
29,232
959,575
Chaetoceros sociale
38476,19
636,903
Chaetoceros constrictus
Coscinodiscus centralis
4000,00
12,38
66,213
0,849
Leptocylindrus danicus
5301,59
30,646
Melosira moniliformis
Proboscia alata
126,98
571428,57
0,117
15707,963
610476,19
30791,363
Skeletonema dohrnii
457142,86
1121,997
Phylum (şube)
: Bacillariophyta
Classis (sınıf)
: BACILLARIOPHYCEAE
Nitzschia tenuirostris
6949,21
6,168
Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima
852,120
666666,67
112
Table 42. Samples taken with a Zooplankton Bucket
Groups
Samples
Copepoda
Acartia clausi
Calanus euxinus
Oithona similis
Pseudocalanus elongatus
Paracalanus parvus
Copepod nauplii
Copepod (egg)
Cladocera
Pleopis polyphemoides
Abundance (cell.I-1)
3821,66
1194,27
2945,86
2707,01
6767,52
12738,85
4140,13
477,71
Biomass (µg.I-1)
35,19
57,17
13,83
78,50
56,34
12,74
3,73
4,30
Dinophyceae
Appendicularia
Chaetognatha
Meroplankton
Noctiluca scintillans
Oikopleura dioica
Parasagitta setosa
Bivalvia (larva)
70700,64
28343,95
15,92
3503,18
6221,66
206,11
107,44
17,52
Gastropod (larva)
Medusae planula
Polychaeta (larva)
Cirripedia nauplii
79,62
79,62
955,41
9235,67
0,87
0,48
9,55
58,18
113
Table 43. Samples of Macrobentic Species
GROUPS
NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS (0.01 m2)
Nemertini
Nemertini sp.
50
Nematoda
Nematoda sp.
3
Oligochaeta
Tubificoides sp.
6
Polychaeta
Heteromastus filiformis
13
Polydora sp.
33
Melinna palmata
14
Capitella capitata
31
Nereis zonata
28
Perinereis cultrifera
9
Platynereis dumerilii
5
Polyophthalmus pictus
9
Prinospia (Minuspio) multibranchiata 4
Mysta picta
2
Crustaceae
Balanus improvisus
Ampelisca pseudospinnimana
Mollusca
Hinia sp.
Pitar rudis
Bittium reticulatum
1
3
1
2
2
Productivity of marine ecosystems is more than the density of phytoplankton because of high
levels of nutrients, particularly on coastal areas where there is high density of phytoplankton.
Coastal areas and increasingly residential areas, industrial enterprises and agricultural activities,
there is increasing entry of organic matter in marine ecosystems. Increased concentrations of
nutrients needed for algae growth substance input. Presence of large amounts of nutrients leads
to overgrowth of algae in the environment. This event is called as the "red tide" and this decline
in water quality, fish kills due to toxicity problems, losses in aquaculture, adverse impact on
public health, aquatic environments due to bad odor and aesthetic problems of appearance leads
to undergo losses.
Values obtained from studies conducted in the project area in phytoplankton cell numbers per
litter higher in some species have been identified (see Table?? Phytoplankton samples taken
from the bucket). These species are:
Proboscia alata
Skeletonema dohrnii
Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima
114
These species are among the species that cause excessive reproduction in the marine. The high
rate of these species on the project site is probably as a result of agricultural activities due to the
Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak in the region. Therefore, the region should be kept under constant
control.
Zooplankton is the main consumer of phytoplankton and in the steps of the food chain is
located between the upper and lower stages of fish, birds and mammals. Changes in abundance
or species composition of zooplankton detected that perform primary production of
phytoplankton in seas and oceans indication of the important changes that are affected. At the
same time to create food for commercially important fish species in this business because of the
changes in zooplankton abundance or diversity of species is reflecting sudden changes in
nutrient conditions could be decisive in determining the future increasingly higher hunting
quotas. Many species of zooplankton are capable of growth for the short life cycle and high
stress caused by changes in environmental conditions (pressure from predators, the point
pollutants, climate change, and so on.) react as soon as possible in terms of diversity and
abundance.
As a result of the studies carried out in the Project area is abundant zooplankton species were
identified and are given below. Especially Pleopis among those, the Acartica and Noctiluca
species find living environment and pollution indicator species eutrophic regions (especially
Pleopis) species cause the region to be identified as contaminated or potentially contaminated
in the region.
Pleopis polyphemoides: Eurythermal (resistant to a wide temperature range), eutrophic
(nutrient rich) and a species as an indicator of pollution.
Acartia clausi: It is a Eutrophic kind of cosmopolitan distribution, with a wide temperature and
salinity tolerance.
Oithona similis: Although not being eutrophic it is resitant to pollution.
Oikopleure dioica: It is a typical Black Sea, in other words upper layer species.
Noctiluca scintillans: It is a eutrophic species.
Benthic invertebrate species have very limited ability to move very quickly because they are
affected by changes in the environment. Organisms that give the most quick response to
ecological degradation and stress.
As a result of studies carried out on the project site, Capitella capitata being a poliket showed
that it is represented with a high value. Such a region prone to contamination or pollution is an
indicator and gives us some clues that the environment is dirty.
In addition, Heteromastus filiformis and Prinospia (Minuspio) multibranchiata among
identified species are not accepted fully as pollution indicator organisms they are known as
species which like organic pollution. Again Melinna palmate among polikets is a species that
likes waters rich in organic matter.
115
Crustaceae species among Bentic organisms are known as species being sensitive to pollution
in the environment. As a result of studies carried out on the project field, totally 4 crustaceae
individuals were found which shows that the region is polluted or is tend to pollution.
Results
Although a more detailed sampling is required to be made on the project field, detected
phytoplankton and zooplankton and species were considered as indicators of pollution
makrobentik organisms. When biodiversity sampling and physicochemical parameters were
combined with available literature values, it is concluded that there is an accumulation of
pollution in the region.
Fish
Fish species being hunted in the Black Sea and which are economically important are given in
the following table:
Table 44. Black Sea Fish Species
Family
Species
Mullidae
Mullus barbatus
Gadidae
Merlangius merlangus
Serranidae
Dicentrarchus labrax
Carangidae
Trachurus trachurus
Engraulidae
Engraulis encrasicolus
Sadra sarda
Scombridae
Scomber scombrus
Scophthalmidae
Belonidae
Pomatomidae
Acipenseridae
Acipenseridae
Scopthalmus maeticus
Belone belone
Alosa fallax nilotica
Alosa finta
Sprattus sprattus
Umbrina cirrosa
Mugil cephalus
Mugil ramada
Mugil auratus
Mugil labeo
Mugil saliens
Pomatomus saltator
Huso huso
Acipenser stellatus
Acipenseridae
Acipenser güeldenstaedti
Clupeidae
Scianidae
Mugilidae
Turkish Name
Barbunya
Mezgit
Levrek
İstavrit
Hamsi
Palamut
Uskumru
English Name
Striped mullet
Whitting
Sea bass
Horse Mackerel
Anchovy
Atlantic bonito
Atlantik Mackerel
Kalkan
Zargana
Tirsi
Tirsi
Çaça
Minekop
Has kefal
Dudaklı kefal
Altınbaş kefal
Topanbaş
Benekli kefal
Lüfer
Mersin balığı
Marmara mersin
balığı
Rus mersini
Turbot
Gav fish
Twaite shad
Twaite shad
Sprat
Corb
Striped mullet
Thilipped mullet
Golden mullet
Prey mullet
Grey mullet
Blue fish
Beluga
Sturgeon
Russio sturgeon
116
Reproduction Periods:
Table 45. Reproduction Periods of Fish Species in the Black Sea
REPRODUCTION SPECIES
Species
Oc Şub Mar Nis May
Mullus barbatus
X
Merlangius merlangus
X
X
X
X
X
Dicentrarchus labrax
X
X
X
Trachurus trachurus
X
Engraulis encrasicolus
X
Sadra sarda
X
Scomber scombrus
X
X
X
Scopthalmus maeticus
X
X
Belone belone
X
X
Alosa fallax nilotica
X
Alosa finta
X
Sprattus sprattus
X
Umbrina cirrosa
Mugil cephalus
X
Mugil ramada
Mugil auratus
Mugil labeo
Mugil saliens
Pomatomus saltator
X
X
X
Huso huso
X
X
Acipenser stellatus
X
X
Acipenser güeldenstaedti
X
15
Haz
X
Tem
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ag
Ey
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ek
Kas
Ar
X
X
X
X
X
Among the fish species given above there are no species which are endemic for our country.
The Scale of international protection status of species endangered species under the IUCN Red
List, 2008 (http://www.iucnredlist.org) was benefitted as a source. The species sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax), Twaite (Alosa fallax) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) species according to
IUCN Red List categories, "LC (Least Concern-low-risk)", which belongs to the family
Acipenseridae Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus and Acipenser güeldenstaedti ( Mersin fish)
in the "EN (Endangered-in danger) class.
In addition, Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern
Convention), in accordance with the Huso huso (sturgeon), type in Annex II, Alosa fallax
(shad) type is covered by Annex III.
According to the IUCN Red List categories, EN (Endangered-in danger) in the classes of
Mersin fish (Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus, Acipenser güeldenstaedti) properties anadromous
fish. In other words, the growth phases of the sea, fresh water spend in the reproductive stages.
Generally, Sakarya, Kizilirmak and 4-5 km inland places pass Yesilirmak river estuary. Return
15
www.kkgm.gov.tr
117
to sea again before the end of summer, leaving their eggs in May to fresh waters. Reproductive
maturity of the Access varies between species. 16-18 For example, females of species of Huso
huso, Acipenser stellatus'un reaching sexual maturity in males in 13-14 years, females 14-18,
males 12-15, the female of the Acipenser güeldenstaedti at 10-16, male at an age of 8-12 gain
ability to survive and propagate. Although it is tasty in terms of its meat it is rather used for its
eggs. Due to impoverishment and due to being under threat, their fishing is strictly prohibited.
4.2.4. Sensitive Zones
Protected Areas
National Parks, Nature Parks, Wetlands, Natural Monuments, Protected Areas, Wildlife
Conservation Areas, Biogenetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Sites and
Monuments, Historical and Cultural Sites, Special Protection Areas, Special Protection
Regions, Tourism Areas and Centers, Areas under the Pasture Law)
1. Areas required to be protected under the legislation of our country
a) National Parks, Nature Parks, Natural Monuments and Natural Protected Areas defined in
Article 2 and determined in accordance with Article 3 of the Act on National Parks Act No.
2873, dated 09/08/1983”,
Nature Conservation Areas:
Hacıosman Forest Nature Conservation Area: It is located in the Central Black Sea region, 20
km east of Samsun province in Çarşamba District- within the boundaries of the Çınarlık
village. Forested area of 86.2 hectares, 35.3 hectares including open space area, it has a total
area of 121,5 hectares. The distance is approximately 4 km from the project area and is not
considered to be adversely affected by the project.
Within the boundaries of the province of Samsun, there are no “national parks”, “nature park”
or “natural monuments”.
b) “Wildlife Conservation Areas and Wild Animals Placement Areas” determined by the
Ministry of Forestry in accordance with the Land Hunting Act No. 4915, dated 01/07/2003”
Wildlife Conservation Areas and Wild Animals Placement Areas:
Terme Gölardı Simenlik Lake Wildlife Development Area: 20 km2 land area, 13.5 km2 water
surface and a total area of 33.5 km2. The length of the coast is about 13 500 m. West along the
north and east of the Black Sea after the Sancaklı Region, Üzümlü Region and subsequently
Aybeder Bridge, in the south the Kabalı village, followed by the District of Karabıyık, Kemer
Region and in the direction of Sivaslar Çobanyatağı entrance gate to the Black Sea. The Terme
Gölardı Simenlik Lake Wildlife Development Area remains outside the influence area of the
planned project (about 37 km away).
118
Bafra Kızılırmak Delta Wildlife Development Areaı: It spreads on an area of 5174 hectares.
Common species in the field are waterfowl species. It remains outside the influence area of the
project. It is at a distance of about 45 km to the project field (air distance).
c) Areas determined and registered in accordance with the Natural Heritage Protection Act
No. 2863, dated 21/07/1983 defined as Cultural Heritage", "Natural Heritage", "Sit" and
"Conservation Area" in sub-paragraphs 1.,2.,3. and 5 regarding “Definitions” headed
paragraph (a)of the first paragraph of Article 3 of this Act (No. 2863 Amendment of certain
Provisions of the Law on Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage on the Addition of
Certain Substances to this Act),
Although, there are no areas defined as Cultural Heritage", "Natural Heritage", "Sit" and
"Conservation Area, the nearest protected area to the project field are the Tekkeköy Caves
being 1st degree archaeological protected area and the Hacı osman Nature Protection Area. As
the Tekkeköy caves are at a distance of approximately 3,5 km and the Hacıosman Forest
Nature Conservation Area at a distance of 4 km to the project area, it is considered that they
will not be adversely affected from the project.
ç) Water Products Production and Reproduction Areas within the scope of the Fisheries Act
No. 1380, dated 22/3/1971,
As issued in the Official Gazette dated 28 March 1983 and numbered 18001, the active site
where the triangulation of the point of the Gelemen Creek into the Black Sea in the west of the
coastal strip between the triangulation points Engiz River into the Black Sea coast at 12 miles
to the section of the Fisheries Act 2 of 1380 pursuant to the "Fisheries Production Law",
respectively. For this reason, installation and operation phases of activity and the Regulation of
the Fisheries Law No. 1380 shall be complied and the parameter values in environment and
waste water pollution laws and the regulations shall be complied.
d) Areas defined in Articles 17, 18, 19 and 20 of the Water Pollution Control Regulation
which was published in the Official Gazette No. 25687, dated 31/12/2004,
There are no areas in the project field defined in Articles 17, 18, 19 and 20 of the Water
Pollution Control Regulation.
e) “Sensitive Pollution Zones” defined in Article 49 of the Regulation on the Protection of
Air Quality which was published in the Official Gazette No. 19269, dated 02/11/1986”,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity defined as “Sensitive Pollution Zones”
f) Areas determined and declared as Special Environmental Protection Areas by the
Council of Ministers in accordance with Article 9 of the Environmental Law No. 2872, dated
09/08/1983,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity determined and declared as Special
119
Environmental Protection Areas .
g) Areas under protection according to the Bosphorus Law No. 2960, dated 18/11/1983,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity under protection according to the
Bosphorus Law
ğ) Regions considered as forest area according to the Forest Law No. 6831, dated 31/8/1956
Within the activity area, there are no areas considered as forest area pursuant to the Forest Law
No. 6831. The nearest tree communities are located immediately to the Selyeri drainage
channel, pine trees located at the racecourse of the Turkey Jockey Club.
h) Areas with construction ban according to the Coastal Act No. 3621, dated 04.04.1990,
The area where the activity is to be conducted is not located within an area Areas with
construction ban according to the Coastal Act.
ı) Areas specified in the Olive Growing Rehabilitation and Grafting of Wild Varieties Act No.
3573, dated 26/01/1939,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity specified in the Olive Growing
Rehabilitation and Grafting of Wild Varieties Act.
i) Areas specified in the Pastures Law No. 4342, dated 25/2/1998,
Within the activity area there are no areas specified in the Pastures Law No. 4342.
j) Areas specified in the “Regulation on the Protection of Wetlands” which was published
in the Official Gazette No. 25818, dated 17/05/2005,
Kızılırmak Delta: It is 21700 hectares wide. Hosted bird species, with 20 large and small lakes
and marshes and reedbeds, being spread over a wide area it is very important to the ecology of
Turkey and the world. It was declared as a Ramsar Site in 1998. In addition, section 5174hectare "Wildlife Development Area" in 1994, the "water birds living space environment",
located in the eastern part of the wetlands of the delta in 1994, all "natural sites" were
determined. The Kızılırmak Delta covers the Ondokuzmayıs, Alaçam and Bafra districts.
However, the place of activity is not considered to be adversely affected because of the
distance of the Tekkeköy District.
Yeşilırmak Delta: Its area is 3000 hectares. Districts included in its boundaries are Çarşamba,
Terme and Tekkeköy. The wetland where the Yesilirmak River flows into the Black Sea is
complex. However, a large part of the delta has been converted into agricultural land.
Paritcularly the Akgöl and Simenlik Lake there are especially small lakes, marshes, salt
marshes. In addition, the Simenlik Akgöl Lake and its vicinity are declared as “wildlife
conservation area”. However, the area is not considered to be negatively affected from the
project because of the distance.
120
2. Areas required to be protected by International Conventions to which our Country is
a Party
a) The Meditteranean Monk Seal and Reproduction Areas”, I. and II. Protection Regions
stated in the “Important Sea Turtle Reproduction Areas” under protection in accordance
with the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats" (Bern
Convention) which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No.
18318, dated 20.02.1984”,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity specified in the the Meditteranean Monk
Seal and Reproduction Areas”, I. and II. Protection Regions stated in the “Important Sea Turtle
Reproduction Areas” under protection in accordance with the Convention on the Conservation
of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats" (Bern Convention)
b) Areas under protection according to the “Convention for the Protection of the
Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution" (Barcelona Convention) which entered into force after
being published in the Official Gazette No. 17368, dated 12/06/1981
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity under protection according to the
“Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution" (Barcelona
Convention)
ı) Areas identified as “Special Protection Area” in our country according to the
Protocol Concerning the Protection of the Mediterranean Specially Protected Areas” which
was published in the Official Gazette No. 19968, dated 23/10/1988,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity specified as “Special Protection Area” in
our country according to the Protocol Concerning the Protection of the Mediterranean
Specially Protected Areas”
ıı) Areas included in the “Mediterranean Joint 100 Historical Sites of International
Importance” published by the United Nations Environment Programme selected according to
the Declaration of Genoa, dated 13/09/1985,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity included in the “Mediterranean Joint 100
Historical Sites of International Importance” published by the United Nations Environment
Programme selected according to the Declaration of Genoa.
ııı) Coastal Areas being living and nutrition environments of “Mediterranean
Endangered Sea Species” included in Article 17 of the Declaration of Genoa,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity specified as Coastal Areas being living
and nutrition environments of “Mediterranean Endangered Sea Species” included in Article 17
of the Declaration of Genoa.
121
c) Cultural, historical and natural areas given the status of “Cultural Heritage” and
“Natural Heritage” taken under protection by the Ministry of Culture according to Article 1
and 2 of the "Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage" which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 17959, dated 14/02/1983,
The Kızılırmak Delta and Yeşilırmak Delta located within the provincial boundaries carry a
natural heritage feature. In addition, the “Tekkeköy Caves” located in the Tekkeköy district are
1st degree archaeological protected areas. However, these areas are not considered to be
adversely affected from the project due to their distance to the project area.
ç) Areas under protection according to the “Especially Waterfowl Habitat Convention on the
Conservation of Wetlands of International Importance" (Ramsar Convention) which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 21937, dated 17/05/1994,
According to the RAMSAR Convention Especially Waterfowl Habitat Convention on the
Conservation of Wetlands of International Importance”:
It is 21700 hectares wide. Hosted bird species, with 20 large and small lakes and marshes and
reedbeds, being spread over a wide area it is very important to the ecology of Turkey and the
world. It was declared as a Ramsar Site in 1998. In addition, section 5174-hectare "Wildlife
Development Area" in 1994, the "water birds living space environment", located in the eastern
part of the wetlands of the delta in 1994, all "natural sites" were determined. The Kızılırmak
Delta covers the Ondokuzmayıs, Alaçam and Bafra districts. However, the place of activity is
not considered to be adversely affected because of the distance of the Tekkeköy District.
d) The European Landscaping Convention which entered into force after being published in
the Official Gazette No. 25181, dated /7/2003
Within the scope of the European Landscaping Convention, there are no urban, rural, semiurban or cultural landscaping areas. Therefore, any adverse effect on the natural and cultural
landscaping by the project is not considered.
3. Areas required to be protected
a) In the Certified Environmental Master Plans, as determined in the existing features to be
protected and banned from construction areas (area of which the natural character is to be
protected, biogenetic reserve fields, geothermal areas, etc.)
scale Master Development Plan (in Annex-9) and on the Industry Area on the 1/100.000 scale
Environmental Master Plan (in Annex-10).
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity under the Certified Environmental Master
Plans, as determined in the existing features to be protected and banned from construction
areas (area of which the natural character is to be protected, biogenetic reserve fields,
geothermal areas, etc.). The nearest protected area to the project field are the Tekkeköy caves
122
at a distance of 3,5 km and the nearest nature conservation area is the Hacıosman Nature
Conservation Area at a distance of 4 km. These areas remain outside the activity area.
b) Agricultural Lands: Agricultural development areas, irrigated, irrigation, and possible
land use capability classes I, II, III and IV areas, depending on rainfall for agricultural I.
and II. with the class, all specific areas of plantation crops,
When the land properties of the project site are investigated, it is seen that it is in IV. class soil
feature. However, the facility subject to the project is located on the Energy Production Plant Area
on the 1/5.000 scale Master Development Plan (in Annex-9) and on the Industry Area on the
1/100.000 scale Environmental Master Plan (in Annex-10).
c) Wetlands: Natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, water is static or flowing, fresh,
brackish or salt, including sea depths not exceeding six meters circuit of the withdrawal
movement of the tide, especially important as habitats for waterfowl species, including all
waters, swamps, , reed beds and coastal areas with turbiyeler right sideline from the
ecological point of land, the remaining wetland areas, "(According to the Regulation
Amending the Regulation on Protection of Wetlands which entered into force after being
published in the Official Gazette No. 27684, dated 08.26.2010).,
Yeşilırmak Delta Wetland Area (Çarşamba Delta Wetland Area):The total area of the plain is
about 900 km2. It extends from the neighborhood of 3 km east of Samsun city center Kirazlık
to the the Akçay Creek forming the boundary of the Province of Ordu. While it was the largest
delta of the Black Sea in the past, a large part of the delta turned into agricultural fields. As a
result of increasingly shrinking and degradation of habitats, it contains less animals than in the
past.
Kızılırmak Delta Wetland Area: The area which is approximately 21.700 hectares has has been
declared at the same time as Ramsar site in 1998. It remains within the boundaries of the
districts of Bafra-Ondokuzmayıs-Alaçam. Existing problems at the moment are: hunting
pressure, interventions to the living environment, and domestic animals grazing on the
relations, particularly relations with agricultural activities.
Ladik gölü: The Ladik lake is located on the east of the district on the 7th km on the Erzincan
road and the coastal line is 8 km. Normal lake area is 13.04 x 106 m3. The regulator was
renewed in 1986 and restoration studies were commenced and the Ladik Lake was turned into
a lake for irrigation purposes.
Within the activity area and its vicinity there are no areas in the feature of wetlands.
ç) Lakes, rivers, ground water management areas,
Rivers:
The most important rivers of the province are the Kızılırmak River, Yeşilırmak River, Terme
Streamı, Abdal Riverı, Mert River, Kürtün River, Engiz Creek, Tersakan Stream and their side
branches.
123
Lakes:
Bafra Lakes, Cernek Lake, Liman Lake, Karaboğaz Lake, Simenit Lake, Akgöl, Ladik Lake
Ponds and Dams:
Hasan Uğurlu DAm, Suat Uğurlu Dam, Altınkaya Dam, Çakmak Dam, Derbent Dam, Güven
Pond Irrigation, Divanbaşı Pond ırrigation, Kozansıkı Pond Irrigation, Güldere Pond Irrigation,
Karabük Pond and Irrigation, Dereköy Pond Irrigation
Ground Water Management Areas:
DSI General Directorate of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Division prepared by
the Planning-Design and Control Reserve "Turkey and Use Potential of Groundwater Status
Report," according to the project area is located in Samsun province, the total exploitable
groundwater reserves in and around the Center are determined as 22.5 hm3 /year.
Within the project area there are no lakes, ponds, dam groundwater management areas.
d) Areas which are important for scientific research and / or endangered species or fall
species and habitat areas that are endemic to our country, biosphere reserves, biotopes,
biogenetic reserve areas, areas where the unique properties of geological and
geomorphological formations,
There are no areas in the project field and its vicinity which are important for scientific
research and / or endangered species or fall species and habitat areas that are endemic to our
country, biosphere reserves, biotopes, biogenetic reserve areas, areas where the unique
properties of geological and geomorphological formations.
124
4.3. Social Environment
4.3.1. Economy
One of the sectors that make up the economic structure of the province of Samsun is the
agricultural sector as industry, farming and tourism are also occupy an important place.
4.3.1.1. Agricultural Production
Polycultural farming is practiced in the province. Aquaculture production and animal
production, taking into account items of strategic importance in the production pattern, yield,
production volume, the weight of the products will be examined further. Total 455.324 hectares
of agricultural land is available in the province, the area of cereal crops is 42.45% with a share
of I. rank, II with a share of 20.06%. with an area of 91.334 hectares of fruit orchards in the
area are seen taking place hazelnuts in an cultivation area of 85.532 hectares.
The most important products grown economically in Samsun are wheat, corn, rice and tobacco.
As an industrial plant sunflower is cultivated. Closing fruit production is conducted. An
important part of this is the hazelnut area. Hazelnut production centers are Terme, Çarşamba,
Salıpazarı, Ayvacik, Tekkeköy, Ondokuzmayıs, Bafra, Alaçam, Yakakent and Asarcık
Districts.
The most widely produced vegetables in the province are tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers,
eggplant, spinach, beans, kabakan, cabbage, leeks, watermelon and melon. Plastic greenhouses
and high tunnels also increased in recent years.
City has an important place in agriculture in total 122.410 hectares of agricultural area which
has plains and of Çarşamba and Bafra. Here, vegetables (tomatoes, peppers, melons,
watermelons, etc.) The agriculture sector in this region is mainly influenced by agriculture to
the first stage the structure of employment in the province of Samsun. 67% of the labor force
works in agricultural areas.
Below the agricultural data and the statistical data of the region is provided.
Table 46. Distribution of Agricultural Lands
LAND TYPE
AMOUNT
(ha)
Cereals
197.866
Industrial Plants
23.675
Edible Legumes
18.539
Edible
28.645
Fruit
91.334
Fallow
12.656
Lumpy Plants
2.370
Others
80.239
Total Agriculural Land
455.324
16
16
RATE TO AGRICULTURAL
LAND (%)
42,45
5,20
4,07
8,43
20,06
2,77
0,52
16,50
100
125
Table 47. Basic Information on Agriculture according to Statistical Data
Parameter
RELEVANT DATA
Surface Area (Ha)
951.200
Agricultural Area (Ha)
432.718
Irrigated Agricultural Area (Ha)
119.350
Non-irrigated Agricultural Area (Ha) 313.367
Forestland & Moor (Ha)
385.654
Pasture & Meadow (Ha)
16.683
116.145
Field (Ha)
259.170
Sown Field (Ha)
243.567
Fallow (Ha)
15.603
811.684
Most important Vegetable Product
Nut Growing Area (Ha)
Nut Production Amount (Tons)
Number of Plows
Number of Tractors
Number of Fishing Boats
Number of Fishing Families
17 18
,
Nut
88.341
73.085
48.754
34.232
784
2.484
4.3.1.2. Organic Farming
Samsun is a region that has the climate, environment, land and the the human factors required
for organic farming. Organic farming in the province of Samsun in the production process on
the basis of both producer and intermediary organizations and farming organizations. In this
regard, and in 2001 founded a company called SAMSİAD within the ekosam training in
organic agriculture in the region meant to give farmers the relevant public agencies to
cooperate with everyone, now the other direction and become a pioneer for commercial
purposes, in Samsun it initiated research in organic farming through the opening to the world.
This is within the scope of the company's organic agricultural production of pulses, nuts, fresh
fruits and vegetables, honey, and there are varieties of tea. A portion of these products is
exported and a portion is sold on the market for domestic consumption.
4.3.1.3. Animal Production
Livestock data obtained from the Samsun Governorship are given in tables as follows.
17
18
Samsun Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, 2011 Data
126
Table 48. Animal Presence in Samsun 19
ANİMAL PRESENCE,
Number
2011
A-Small Ruminant
161.448
1- Sheep (Domestic)
146.861
2-Merino Sheep
586
3-Hair Goat
13.963
4-Angore Goat
38
B-Cattle
321.001
1-Culture
70.411
2-Hybrid
157.574
3-Domestic
79.864
4-Mandate
13.152
C-Equidae
10.913
1-Horse
2.469
2-Mule
3.829
3-Donkey
4.615
D- Poultry Presence
3.533.658
1-Layer Chicken
1.600.970
2-Broiler Chicken
1.858.300
3-Turkey
21.422
4-Duck
75.850
5-Goose
58.405
E- Beekeeping (Hiv No.)
72.910
Table 49. 2011Animal Presence by Districts 20
DİSTRİCTS CATTLE
SMALL
RUMİNANT
Alaçam
23.000
15.000
Asarcık
9.700
650
Ayvacık
9.619
295
Bafra
50.500
28.000
Çarşamba
40.093
9.038
Havza
27.760
11.500
Kavak
16.265
6.800
Ladik
12.700
11.478
19.Mayıs
11.251
1.550
Salıpazarı
9.000
1.000
Tekkeköy
16.134
19.608
Terme
20.800
2.250
Vezrköprü
39.400
32.500
Yakakent
5.779
10.546
19
20
EQUIDAE
POULTRY
BEEKEEPING
1.508
320
359
2.795
117
810
1.247
127
30
348
32
495
800
705
531.620
55.240
5.710
480.400
96.540
135.050
1.403.695
8.640
84.750
28.400
63.843
350.555
128.350
99.240
3.880
180
0
12.100
2.339
2.966
2.585
1.950
3.300
3.500
2.680
25.375
5.550
557
Samsun Provincial Directorate of Agriculture
127
Atakum
Canik
İlkadım
12.500
10.500
6.000
3.920
4.650
2.663
180
900
140
7.700
26.830
27.095
1.755
2.120
2.073
Poultry
Table 50. Activity Status of Poultry Enterprises 21
ENTERPRISE FIELD
NUMBER
Active
NonActive
Chick Dev.
1
1
Broiler Dev.
Layer Chicken
Integrated Facility
Total
102
14
1
118
148
16
1
155
Beekeeping
Table 51. In 2011 Beekeeping Activities
22
BEEKEEPING STATUS
YEAR
2011
Number of Hives (Number)
72.910
Honey Production (Kg)
1.192.997
Wax (Kg)
102.586
Dairy Cattle
Table 52. 2011 Milk Production by Districts
23
DISTRICT
MILKER
NO.
CAPACITY
(TONS)
Alaçam
21.121
35.177
Asarcık
2.994
9.006
Ayvacık
2.140
4.466
Bafra
37.587
67.962
Çarşamba
16.552
40.080
Havza
18.208
40.773
Kavak
10.967
24.511
Ladik
13.491
22.202
Ondokuz Mayıs
7.228
19.153
Salıpazarı
4.414
10.148
21
Provincial Directorate of Agriculture
23
22
128
Tekkeköy
17.836
15.145
Terme
11.210
28.522
Vezirköprü
25.175
39.742
Yakakent
9.400
4.549
Atakum
6.947
13.719
Canik
5.420
9.217
Ilkadım
2.424
4.130
Total
213.114
388.504
Table 53. Wool, Hair and Angora Production with Number of Animals 24
SMALL
RUMINANT
ANIMAL
NO.
PRODUCT
AMOUNT
(KG)
Merino Sheep
115
173
Sheep (Domestic)
115329
172.994
Hair Goat
11.218
13462
Angore Goat
24
48
Total
126.686
186.676
Table 54. Number of Animals Slaughtered by Years 25
YEARS
NUMBER
Slaughtered Animals
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
64.440
35.924
56.243
47.987
58.493
60.497
Animal Production by Years
Red meat production in 2002 total production is 5314 tons. 4867 thereof is cattle as 447 tons
were obtained from sheep. The total is 70.358 pieces of leather production; their number of 40.
558 bovine animals, ovine animals, the number of 29.800 tons. In 2003 total production is
5144. 4875 thereof is cattle, 269 tons were obtained from sheep. The total is 26.298 pieces of
leather production; their number of 15.916 bovine animals, ovine animals, the number obtained
is 10.382 tons. In 2004 total production is 4746. 4406 thereof is cattle as 340 tons have been
obtained from the small ruminant animals. The total is 56 243 pieces of leather production;
their number of 29 856 bovine animals, ovine animals were obtained from 26.387. In 2005 total
production is 3816. 3519 thereof is cattle as 297 tons were obtained from sheep. The total is
47.987 pieces of leather production; their number of 25.140 bovine animals, 22 847 obtained
were obtained from ovine animals
Total production in 2006 is 57.287 tons. 31.494 tons thereof is cattle and 25.793 tons was
obtained from ovine animals
24
25
129
4.3.1.4. Industrial Activities
Commercial and industrial life is alive because of population density in the province of
Samsun. Especially after 1980, the city contracted for the development of employment in
accordance with the age of industry and townships around the city have formed a small
industrial estates, employment began to slowly move towards capital-intensive small
businesses. In addition, they become contributing significantly to the Organized Industrial
Zones. The most important products produced by the manufacturing industry and the province
of Samsun are cement, fertilizer, copper, synthetic jute, auto spare parts, various sizes, pumps,
furniture, textiles, iron, clothing, medicines and medical tools. Large and medium-sized
enterprises, as well as the boiler will be a labor-intensive small-scale enterprises, plastic PVC
plants, agricultural equipment and machinery, copper products, rebar, plastic bags, various
candies, jams and commercial kitchen appliances are available in small plants.
Table 55. Number of Samsun Industry by Sectors 26
DIVISION
NUMBER OF
COMPANIES
EMPLOYMENT
Machinery, Steel Construction, Casting
67
1.750
Knitwear and Apparel Manufacturers
41
1.691
Rubber & Plastic Goods Manufacturers
53
1.336
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry
22
1.158
Food
71
1.139
Wood and Furniture Industry
54
999
Stone and Soil Industry
27
743
Copper-Brass-Aluminum-Iron Tensile
11
707
Flour and Feed Manufacturers
20
384
Auto Maintenance Services
10
368
Medical and Surgical Instrument
Manufacturers
4
196
Confectionery, Sesame Oil, Sesame Seeds,
Halva
13
194
Glass-Lamp Industry
11
186
Elevator Installation
13
134
Paper and Printing
9
116
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
38
1.201
Total
465
12.302
4.3.1.5. Tourism
Although having a little share in the economy of the province of Samsun, there are many
historical and touristic places to visit well worth seeing. It can be benefited from the sea and
sand in the summer as hunting tourism can be made in the winter.
26
130
4.3.2. Demography
Address-based population census results of 31.12.2011 and Samsun Province of Turkey's
general population data are given below.
Total
Turkey – total population:
74.724.269
Samsun – province population:
Male
37.532.954
Female
37.191.315
1.251.729
617.701
634.028
Samsun – province/district population
827.796
407.763
420.033
Samsun – town and village population:
423.933
209.938
213.995
2011 Tekkeköy District population data according to the Turkish Istatistic Corporation(TUIK),
where the project area is located is given in the table below.
Table 56. Tekkeköy district 2011 population data 27
TEKKEKÖY
TOTAL
MALE FEMALE
City
37.111
18.511 18.600
Town total
12.134
6.073
6.061
District total
49.245
24.584
24.661
Table 57. Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) by provinces and immigration, migration and
net migration rate 28
Regıon
Regıon
Adnks
Net
Net Migration Rate (Per
Immigration Migration
Year
Code
Name
Population
Migration Thousand)
2011
TR831
Samsun
1.251.729
35.103
43.408
-8.305
-6,61
4.3.3. Education
According to the results of work done for the year 2010-2011 the distribution of educational
status of the population is given below both in Samsun and Tekkeköy.
27
28
TÜİK
TÜİK
131
Table 58. The Distribution Of Educational Status Of The Population
Education Status
Tekkeköy
Samsun
Illiterate
2.190
57.629
Literate
9.130
239.517
Primary School
13.390
300.327
Elementary School
9.475
210.702
Junior High School
1.530
42.460
Senior High School
6.086
179.395
University
1.694
81.881
Master’s Degree
67
4.346
Doctor’s Degree
14
1.792
Unknown
1.274
25.879
Total
44.850
1.143.928
4.3.4. Health
While rate of the number of public hospitals in Turkey is 76%, this rate is 82% in the Black Sea
Region and 86% is in the province of Samsun. From across the Black Sea Region of Turkey is
very low ratio of private hospitals and 4% which is 14% in the Samsun province.
Looking at the number of beds in the province of Samsun and Turkey and throughout the
region as well as a higher ratio is seen that the number of beds in public hospitals.
There are 12 State Hospitals under the Ministry of Health, 4 Branch Hospitals, 1 Oral and
Dental Health Center, 125 Health Centre, and 118 health centres are available. In all these units
6121 health personnel is working. The number of health institutions in the province of Samsun
and its districts are given as following table.
132
Table 59. Distribution of Health Institutions and Private Hospitals in 2007 by Locations 29
Name Of
Hospital
Publıc
Famıly Emergency
Tuberculosis
District
Health
Helath Rescue
Dispensary
Center
Center Station
Merkez
11
4
40
8
1
Alaçam
1
1
3
1
Asarcık
1
1
1
Ayvacık
1
1
3
1
Bafra
2
1
18
1
1
Çarşamba
1
1
18
1
1
Havza
1
1
8
1
1
Kavak
1
1
3
1
Ladik
1
1
2
1
19 Mayıs
1
3
1
Salıpazarı
1
2
1
Tekkeköy
1
5
1
Terme
1
1
9
1
Vezirköprü 1
1
9
1
1
Yakakent
1
1
1
Province
21
18
125
22
5
total
Family Planning And
Maternal And Infant
Health
1
1
2
Notifiable infectious diseases occurring in the districts of the province distribution are given in
the table below.
29
133
1
Bafra
1
Çarşamba
2
Havza
1
Kavak
2
12
Ladik
1
10
80
3
32
2
33
186
1
3
45
6
17
431
3
2
4
2
4
0
2
6
Terme
1
1
7
1
52
2
74
6
66
3
2
24
4
3
25
181
4
20
2
26
89
1
5
2
8
Yakakent
0
3
1
11
5
253
52
1
55
2
2
20
2
97
1
CAMP FEVER
1
TETANUS
89
RUBEOLA
7
99
Salıpazarı
Total
1
17
5
Vezirköprü
6
1
4
4
795
2
21
19 mayıs
Tekkeköy
1
NEONATAL
TETANUS
493
MENINGOCOCCAL
320
HYDROPHOBIA
112
GERMAN MEASLES
59
CHARBON
Ayvacık
6
SYPHILIS
1
MUMPS
Asarcık
HEPATITIS C
1
HEPATITIS B
Alaçam
HEPATITIS A
7
BRUCELLOSIS
Center
WHOOPING COUGH
ACUTE BLOODY
DIARRHEA
DISTRICTS
Table 60. Distribution of notifiable diseases districts occurred in 2008
653
1
126
1
1
1
1
10
10
8
0
4
2428
0
0
134
1
4.3.5. Cultural Services
Under the property of Samsun Metropolitan,
- Motel-restaurant and cafe features Metropolitan Social Facilities located at the
Doğupark Sea Filling Area
- Mother's Park, the Tea Garden, Cafeteria, and outbuildings
- Kefeli Park
- Amisos Cafe, Rest. and Park
- Adnan Kahveci Park, Tea Garden
- City Hall Wedding Hall
- Cumhuriyet Park and Tea Garden
- Mert Park, Mert Cafe
- Sevgi Lake Sevgi Park- Sevgi Cafe landscaping area located at the coast road,
- Yalova's Ark Restaurant and Café at the Coast road
- Change Stage theater and performance hall.
There are 20 libraries in the Samsun province. There are a total of 198.594 books in these
libraries. 18 One of these libraries are public libraries and two of them are children's libraries.
In our province there is the Archaeological-Ethnographic museum and the Veterans Museum
totally 2 museums in our province. In addition, the Ministry of Culture's Directorate General of
Circulating Capital serves as the Book Store.
The Ataturk Cultural Center which of the construction is completed, exhibition halls, a library
and gallery opened by departments and administrative departments and the equipment and
furnishing, arts and cultural life of our city and our region will open new horizons and
education, as well as important contributions to the show and conference services.
Table 61. Various Cultural Statistical Data 30, 31
SUBJECT
Library
Book
NUMBER
15
211.372
Reader
256.502
Circulated book
105.841
30
31
SUBJECT
Cinema hall
Cultural and
Natural Properties
Local
Newspapers(Daily)
Local Published
NUMBER
33
417
18
7
Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, 2011
Governorship of Samsun, 2009
135
by reader
Speaking library
use
Internet use
Site Area
30
Magazines
Museum
3
76.675
68
Local TV Channel
Local Radio
4
9
Under the Ministry of Culture the following activities are carried out; Samsun State Classical
Turkish Music Choir, under the Provincial Directorate of Culture Turkish Folk Music Choir
(Adults, Youth and Children's choir has been working), Youth Choir of Turkish Art Music,
Turkish Folk Dance (Adults, Youth and Children's sections)
Travel and Camping Places:
• Atakum
• Airport
• Forest Nursery
• Kurupelit İncesu
• Kocadağ Picnic Area
• Hasköy
Beaches and Camping Places:
• Highways Facilities
• DSİ Facilities
Directorate of Public Works and Settlement Facilities
• Directorate of 12th Regional Rural Services Facility
• Provincial Directorate of Physical Education Facilities
• Regional Directorate of Meteorological Facilities
• DDY Camp
• Red Crescent Holiday Camp
136
4.3.6. Urban and Rural Land Usage in the Vicinity of the Project
In spite of Samsun city centre having an urban structure on a regular basis, due to too much
intensity, it is very congested. Also areas outside the city centre, the point was unplanned
settlements in urban areas is composed of very low standard.
Especially 100th Boulevard is totally unplanned and illegal structuring southern parts of the
year have advanced and are urbanized distorted. Completion of construction in these areas
eliminates the chances of intervention in these areas. If we would divide the central settlement
of Samsun 100th Avenue, north of the Boulevard is dominated by the use of trade, despite
having a high density of use on a regular basis the urban structure is not enough. The south of
the Boulevard is residential use, irregular construction, narrow streets, the continuity of nonnegative, such as access roads in urban areas is composed of a low standard. The city center to
reach saturation, and high-density structuring takes place irregularly.
In these areas, planning and zoning applications come before structuring prevented irregular
urbanization and urban spaces occurred in the city centre than the high standard. Metropolitan
Municipality in 1994 and sub-municipal planning and zoning practices have accelerated the
establishment of the zoning and planned development has been ensured to establish
infrastructure.
The urban development at the Metropolitan Municipality areas of across the borough is located
in the southern and western parts of the predominantly residential. Directed development of
joint studies are conducted by the Mass Housing Administration Department
Municipalities located outside the Metropolitan Municipality have reformed and completed the
work in the development plan and application. Planning Area municipalities are located in the
western area in the planning work have been completed in this sense. Future urban
development will occur in these areas than in urban centres of urban development will have a
high standard. Irregular settlements around the city centre and the subsequent complete
economic life, urban renewal and regeneration projects to these areas will also make them
become more favourable areas.
In the region within the project area and its vicinity the development is mainly related to
industry and commerce. Important large industrial organizations in Samsun (Nitrogen Factory.,
Copper Factory) have taken their place in these areas and heavily developed eastern part of the
industry and the workplace, as a residential area developed in the western region.
Municipalities in this region have created the infrastructure of urban development planning and
implementation.
Density in urban areas shows variety from the urban city bowl in south and west directions as
900, 750, 450, 350, 250, 150, 100 ki/ha.
Except the Conservation purposed development plans approved in 1992, there are not any new
studies.
137
While the pattern of rural settlement in the region of the province in 1927 was 21.26%, the
population of the district and sub-districts is 78.74%. Later in the year 2000, province and
district population advanced to 52.54% as town and village population declined to 47.46%.
4.3.7. Income and Unemployment
Nearly 65% are unemployed are unskilled, but the profession is still at high school level, 64%
of the total attendees. The need for trained personnel is at a high level.
The level of employment according to businesses is given below.
Table 62. The level of employment by kind of businesses 32
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY FIELDS
Other Social, Public and Personal Services
Wholesale and Retail Trade
Construction
Not Elsewhere Classified Productions
Transportation, Storage and Communication
Food Production, Beverage and Weed Production
Health and Social Service
Hotels and Restaurants
Textile
Financial Intermediary Company
Education
Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry
Public Administration and Defense, Forced, Social Security
Wood Product Industry
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Hot Water Production and
Distribution
2011
4.314
5.492
4.878
1.531
1.761
2.019
2.184
680
783
1.541
1.359
435
3.277
512
751
Table 63.Unemployment-Population Information 2008 33
SECTOR
Unemployment
Unknown
1.010
Office and customer services
1.137
Service and Salesperson
542
Lawmaker, senior manager, and directors
88
Non-Qualified Workers
7.627
Qualified Agriculture, Stockbreeding, Hunting,
Forestry And Aquaculture Workers
21
Professional Occupational Groups
2.199
Craftsman and Little Artisan
840
Armed Forces
0
Operators and Assembler
679
Co-Professional Occupation Groups
2.685
Total
16.828
32
Samsun Provincial Directorate of Employment Agency
33
Samsun
138
Labour force status by non-institutional population, years and sex are given by Turkish
Statistical Institute. The statistical data belongs to a province or provinces. Samsun is in a
group of provinces which is named as TR83 involving Samsun,Tokat, Çorum, Amasya.
Table 64. Labour data in the province of Samsun 34
Labour market Labour market
Year
Code
Name
Labour market
Labour market
Number of
Unemployment
Unemployment
Unemployment
unemployed
rate
rate-male
rate-female
Samsun,Tokat,
2011
TR83
56
5.3
4.9
6.1
Çorum, Amasya
34
TÜİK
139
5. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
This chapter provides information regarding the possible environmental impacts on the
parameters given in chapter 4.
5.1 Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment in the Construction Phase
5.1.1 Topography and Soils
Within the scope of the said project, the entire operations during land preparation and the
construction phase will be conducted within the project area located in the province of Samsun,
Tekkeköy District, Selyeri Region.
The Plant area covers and area of 46.000m2. During the preparation of land in this area, and
construction operations, there will be approximately 25,000 m3 of excavation process. For
extra deep sea outfall pipeline,5250 m3 of excavation process will take place on land.
After extra pipes are laid, pipeline excavation material from the site will be closed with
excavation soil. As the filling material from excavation will be is used for filling processes,
additional filling material will not be required.
After placement of the pipeline under the sea in the channel excavation will be used by the
natural soil material. Finally, the natureal sea floor elevation of 30 cm after backfilling of the
channel over to the bottom of concrete covered with wire mesh. The remaining portion of 20
cm will be filled spontaneous over time through sediment movement.
Vegetal soil to be emerged during excavation will be separately collected and stored to be used
in landscaping and similar studies. Excavation materials emerge from foundation excavations
will be used in leveling and filling operations and will be evaluated in post-construction
landscaping. As all the excavation material will be used in land leveling, any storage will not be
in question.
Actions for providing ground safety
The specialities of the ground of the Project area is as follows;
Ground Group: C2
Effective Ground Momentum: A=0.3g
Local Ground Class: Z2
Periods: TA =0.15 sc and TB=0.40 cd
The endurance, carriying capacity and settlement calculations of the areas those the sturctures
will take place are given in the Annex-16.
140
5.1.2 Air Emissions
The construction phase of the planned activity (land preparation, construction and installation
phases) will take approximately 19 months. Air emissions resulting from construction activities
would be temporary and intermittent. Business machines and related emissions are expected
during the construction stage and the majority of the excavation operations will be gas
emissions and dust emissions.
Emissions from Construction Machines:
Heavy machinery will be used on site such as excavator, dozer, roller, compressors, loader, etc.
The formation of field emission as a result of work activity will be in question. Construction
equipment used in the field will use Tüpraş-404 diesel fuel as the general characteristics of
diesel fuel are given in the table below.
Table 65. General Properties of the Tüpraş-404 Diesel Fuel 35
Property
Unit
0
kg/m3
Density (15 C’ta)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Flash Point
Cold Filter Plugging Point (SFTN)
Winter (a)
% weight
0C
0C
Value
820845
11
55
-15
5
Summer (b)
Limit
Test Management
TS 1013 EN
ISO3675
TS EN ISO 12185
En az
TS EN ISO 2719
TS EN 116
En
çok
En
çok
TS 1232 EN ISO
3405
Distillation
Achieved in 250 0C’
Achieved in 350 0C
Temperature where %95 is achieved (volume/volume)
%
volume
%
volume
0C
mg/kg
Sulphur
Carbon residue (in distillation residue % 10)
Viskosity (400C)
35
360
% weight
cst
2,0-4,5
% weight
Number of Cetane
calculate
Cetane Index
85
111000
0,3
Copper Strip Corrosion
(3 hours at 500Ct)
Ash
65
En
çok
En az
En
çok
En
çok
No.1
En
çok
0,01
51
En
çok
En az
46
En az
TS 6838 EN ISO
8754
TS 6148 EN ISO
10370
TS 1451 EN ISO
3104
TS 2741 EN ISO
2160
TS 1327 EN ISO
6245
TS 10317 EN ISO
5165
TS EN 15195
TS 2883 EN ISO
www.tupras.com.tr
141
Water
mg/kg
200
En
çok
Total Contamination
mg/kg
24
Oxidation Stability
g/m3
25
µm
460
En
çok
En
çok
En
çok
Lubricity feature, corrected wear scar diameter (wsd 1,4),
60 0C)
4264
TS 6147 EN ISO
12937
TS EN 12662
TS EN ISO 12205
TS EN ISO 12156-1
Fuel requirement of construction machines operating on site will be approximately 50 lt/hour.
Accordingly;
Q=50 lt/h x 0,835kg/lt = 41,75 kg/h (0,04 t/h)
Table 66. Release Factors of Pollution Emitted from Vehicles (kg/t) 36
POLLUTANT
DIESEL
Carbon monoxides
9.7
Hydrocarbons
29
Nitrogen oxides
36
Sulphur oxides
6.5
Dust
18
Accordingly, pollutant expected values from construction machines
Table 67. Emission Factors from diesel Vehicles (kg/h)
:9,7kg/tx0,04t/h=0,39 kg/h
Carbon monoxides
Hydrocarbons
:29kg/tx0,04/h=1,16 kg/h
Nitrogen oxides
:36kg/tx0,04t/h=1,44 kg/h
Sulphur oxides
:6,5kg/tx0,04t/h=0,26 kg/h
Dust
:18kg/tx0,04t/h=0,72 kg/h
36
Principles of Air Pollution and Control, 1991
142
On the activity area, there will be formation of emission depending on the fuel to be used by
construction machines. As the flow values calculated for construction machines are very low,
there will be no adverse effect on current air quality. The fuel system of vehicles to operate on
the project field will be continuously controlled as the “Exhaust Gas Emission Control
Regulation” which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 27190,
dated 04 April 2009, issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, will be complied.
Dust Emission:
The operation area and the cover soil which is temporarily stored shall be regularly humidified
and dusting shall be prevented to keep dust emissions at minimum level.
Construction machines to operate on site are given as following
Table 68. Construction Machnies to be used on the Activity Area
EQUIPMENT
NUMBER
Crane
3
Truck
2
Roller
1
Forklift
2
Compressor
1
Excavator
2
Within the project area operations such as crushing and grinding will not be performed.
Land preparation and construction operations are planned to continue for 6 months. Dust
emissions from excavation works are calculated as follows.
Dust emission factors used in the calculation of dust emission formation 37:
37
Disasembling emission factor
= 0.025 kg/tons
Transport (dust from roads)
= 0,7kg/km-vehicle
Material loading
= 0,01kg/tons
Material unloading
= 0,01kg/tons
www.cevreorman.gov.tr.
143
Excavation Amount to emerge at Plant Area:
Any type of soil excavation = 25.000 m3
= 1,6 ton/m3
Density
Excavation amount to emerge = 25.000 m3x1,6 ton/m3= 40.000 ton
Excavation amount at the pipeline:
Any type of soil excavation = 5.250 m3
= 1,6 ton/m3
Density
Excavation amount to emerge = 5.250 m3x1,6 ton/m3= 8.400 ton
Amount of Dust to Emerge during Mechanical Excavation at the Plant Area:
Central area of approximately 21.4 tons per hour (13.4 m3) of excavation will be held at the
area where the removed leveling uneven soil pit to ensure the filling process will take place
somewhere to unload. Studies in the field during the day, about 257 tons of material is
transported by trucks of 20 tons, 13 times a day.
Table 69. Plant Area Dust Emission Factors and Emission Flows (land preparation phase))
Dust Factors
Emission Values
Emission Flows
Disassembly
0,025 kg/tons
21,4 ton/sa x 0,025 kg/ton= 0,54 kg/sa
Transport
0,7 kg/km-vehicle
(13 times/day x 0,7 kg/km.vehicle x 0,01 km)/ 12 hour
= 0,0076 kg/hour
Unloading
0,01 kg/tons
Total Emission Amount
21,4 ton/sa x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,21 kg/sa
0,76 kg/hour
Amount of Dust to Emerge during Mechanical Excavation at the Pipeline:
Approximately 13.46 tons per hour (8.41 m3) will be excavated. During the studies in the field
about 162 tonnes of material per day will be transported by trucks of 20 tons, 9 times per day.
Material from the excavation process will be re-laid to the area when the pipeline is installed.
Therefore any storage will not be carried out on the field.
144
Table 70. Dust Emission Factors and Emission Pipeline Flows (land preparation phase)
Dust Factors
Emission Values
Emission Flows
Disassembly
0,025 kg/ton
13,46 ton/sa x 0,025 kg/ton= 0,34 kg/sa
Transport
0,7 kg/km-araç
(9 sefer/gün x 0,7 kg/km.araç x 0,01 km)/ 12 saat
= 0,0053 kg/saat
Unloading
0,01 kg/ton
Total Emission Amount
13,46 ton/sa x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,14 kg/sa
0,49 kg/hour
Within the scope of the project, in respect to the excavation works to be conducted on the plant
area and pipeline area, the dust emission flow to emerge is below the limit value of 1 kg/hour
specified in the provisions of the Regulation on Industrial Based Air Pollution” which entered
into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 27277 dated 03.07.2009 For this
reason, a modeling study was not carried out related to the dust emission to emerge at the plant
area.
Regarding dust emissions that will emerge during land preparation within the scope of the
project, the provisions of the “Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation” which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 27277, dated 03.07.2009,
the “Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation” published in the Official Gazette
No. 26898, dated 06.06.2008 and the the “Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition Waste
Control Regulation” which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No.
25406, dated 18.03.2004 shall be complied.
Vegetable soil that will emerge during excavation will be reused in landscaping and similar
works. Excavation waste from foundation excavation will be used in leveling operations, filling
operations and in post-construction landscaping. As all of the excavation material will be used
in land leveling any storage will not be in question.
5.1.3 Noise
Noise formation is expected from land preperarion phase till the completion of the construction
works Aires from the construction machines.
Necessary measurements have been conducted and an acoustic report has been prepared. The
acoustic report can be found in Annex-21.
The results of conducted acoustic report are given in following table and figure.
145
Table 71. Values according to the distances of noise levels which will ocur in construction stage
Distance (m)
5
25
50
150
500
1050
2000
3000
5000
VOICE LEVEL (dBA)
Hz
10000
Voice Level (dB)
125
89.7
75.7
69.7
60.1
49.7
43.2
37.6
34.1
29.6
23.5
250
89.7
75.7
69.7
60.1
49.7
43.2
37.5
33.9
29.4
23.0
500
89.7
75.7
69.7
60.1
49.6
43.0
37.1
33.4
28.4
21.1
1000
89.7
75.7
69.6
60.0
49.2
42.2
35.6
31.0
24.6
13.4
2000
89.7
75.6
69.5
59.5
47.6
38.9
29.4
21.8
9.1
-17.4
4000
89.6
75.3
68.9
57.7
41.5
26.0
4.8
-15.2
-52.5
-140.8
95.9
81.8
75.6
65.5
53.7
46.1
39.1
34.6
28.9
20.7
VOICE LEVEL (dBA)
Figure 39. Equivalent noise level impact distance
120.0
100.0
Leq (dBA)
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
5
25
50
150
500
1050
Distance (m)
2000
3000
5000
10000
The highest effective value of exposure has been assumed at 85 dBA according to Article 5 of
the “Noise Regulation” prepared by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, which took
force after it was issued in the Official Gazette Issue No 25325 of 23.12.2003. Accordingly, the
noise level which would generate would be higher than the limit value set forth by the
regulation and in order to eliminate any adverse effects of the noise level on the staff, it shall be
ensured that the staff would use labour clothes and gadgets such as earplugs, gloves, goggles,
146
masks, helmets, etc., and again, the provisions stipulated by Article 78 therein shall be strictly
complied with. In addition, the members of staff who would be employed shall be prevented
from being exposed to noise for extended periods. However, the construction machines shall be
kept in a well maintained condition all the time and there shall be strict compliance with the
provisions of the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise and
Labour Health and Worker Safety Ordinance which took force after it was issued in the Official
Gazette Issue No 14765 of 11.01.1974 with respect to the issue of noise.
The nearest settlement to the Project Area is the house located within the boundaries of the
Selyeri Neighborhood, which is at a distance of about 1050 m in the south of the site.
According to Table 5 of Annex VIII to the Regulation on the Assessment and Management of
Environmental Noise, the day limit value for the activity has been determined as 70 dBA.
According to the calculations made above, the noise level, which would generate at 1050
meters due to the activity, would be 46,1 dBA and this value value remains below the limit
values specified by Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise;
therefore, the project would not have any adverse effects on the settlements / residential areas.
5.1.4 Hydrology
The existing Cengiz NGCCPP has a wastewater treatment facility. The wastes will be treated in
that facility and than discharged to the sea(deep see discharge) by compliying the discharge
limits given in the Water Pollution Control Regulation. Therefore no negative impact is
expected.
5.1.5 Water Usage and Quality
During land preparation and construction phase of the planned power plant, drinking water and
potable water as well as water for spraying the area will be needed.
During the construction phase of the facility, the drinking water and potable water requirement
of the personnel will be supplied from the city network. If needed, it will be provided from the
market.
During the construction phase of the project, any other formation of wastewater except the
domestic qualified wastewater from the personnel is not in question.
Within the scope of the project, with the "Water Pollution Control Regulation No. 25687, dated
31.12.2004 (Amending Regulation on the “Water Pollution Control Regulation” published in
the Official Gazettes No. 26786 dated 13.02.2008 and No. 27537, dated 30.03.2010) shall be
complied.
147
5.1.6.Wastes
Liquid Waste
Type and Amount of Domestic Qualified Wastewater, Environments to be Discharged
The number of personnel to be employed within the project is 300 people and if the amount of
required water per person is taken as 150 lt/day 38
Table 72. Liquid Waste Amount During the Construction Phase
Construction phase
Number of employees
= 300
Amout of water to be used
= 150 lt/person-day = 0,15 m3/person-day
Total water requirement
= 0,15 m3/person-day x 300 person= 45
m3/day
A significant amount of wastewater during the prevention of dust formation is not expected.
There will only be domestic qualified wastewater from the personnel to be employed during the
construction phase. If accepted that all used water will be returned as waste water within the
scope of the project, the amount of domestic qualified waste water from the personnel during
the construction phase will be at a total of 45 m3/day.
As domestic based wastewater from the personnel requirements to be employed during the construction
phase of the facility (accommodation, WC, shower) will be given to the adjacent biological wastewater
treatment facility at the power plant which also belongs to Cengiz Holding and shall be discharged by
being delivered to the deep sea discharge system in compliance with the discharge standards of
wastewater to receiving environments pursuant to the “Water Pollution Control Regulation » which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 25687, dated 31.12.2004.
According to the provisions of the Project Approval Circular No. 2005/5, a wastewater treatment plant
project approval is not required from enterprises which evidence that they were established before
27.04.2004. The power plant of Cengiz Holding which is located adjacent was commissioned on
02.03.2004 and according to the provisions of the circular a project approval is not sought for the
biological wastewater treatment plant
Solid Waste
38
Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Practices of ITU-1998, Prof.Dr.Dinçer TOPACIK, Prof. Dr. Veysel EROĞLU
148
During the land preparation and construction phase, from the personnel working in construction, a
variety of domestic solid waste and construction debris (pieces of iron, steel, sheet metal, packing
material and so on. solid waste) will occur.
During the land preparation and construction phase 300 people from different professions will
be employed. The domestic qualified solid waste amount from , daily produced domestic
qualified solid waste is calculated as following by using the value of 1,15 kg
(source:tuik.gov.tr-municipal solid waste, 2008) is calculated as follows).
Table 73. Solid Waste to emerge during the Construction Phase of the Project
Construction Phase
Number of Employees to
beEmployed
Amount of Solid Waste to be
used
Amount of Solid Waste to
emerge
= 300
= 1.15 kg/day
= 1.15 kg/dayx300person=345
kg/day-person
Within the scope of the project, the amount of domestic qualified solid waste to emerge during
the construction phase has been calculated totally as 345 kg/day-person and the “Solid Waste
20814, dated 14.03.1991 will be applied. In accordance with Article 8 of the “Solid Waste
Control Regulation”, this waste will be separately collected and necessary measures will be taken
in order to facilitate the disposal and evaluation of this wastw, to prevent environmental pollution
and to contribute to the economy. Solid waste will not be discharged to places which would
adversely effect the environment and will be collected and stored in sealed standard garbage
containers by complying with the 18th Article in the fourth section related to solid waste
collection and handling specified in the “Solid Waste Control Regulation”. In compliance with
Article 20 of the “Solid Waste Control Regulation”, solid waste shall be continues to be collected
by the Tekkeköy Municipality for disposal by means of necessary equipment and in a state
without giving any harm to the environment in terns of odor, dust, leakage and similar factors.
As excavation to emerge during the construction phase, foundation and pit filling as well as in
landscaping, any excavation waste is not in question. In the event of formation of excavation
waste on the project area, the provisions of the “Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition
Waste Control Regulation” which entered into force after being published in the Official
Gazette No. 25406, dated 18.03.2004 shall be complied.
During the land preparation and construction phase, excavation works will be carried out for
the foundations of structures. During excavation works vegetal soil will be removed and will be
temporarily stored in accordance with standards in relevant regulations to be used in
landscaping works upon the completion of construction operations.
Excavation outside vegetable soil will be used in leveling and landscaping processes and the
reimaining portion will also be evaluated in landscaping works.
149
Flammable, explosive, hazardous and toxic substances will not be used as operation will be
carried out only with construction machines, picks, shovels etc. equipment.
No. 25755, dated 14 March 2005 and the “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils” No. 26952,
dated 30.07.2008 will be provided.
In order to ensure recycling and recovery of packaging waste which is included among
domestic origin and construction based solid waste, they will be separately collected and source
in accordance with the "Packaging Waste Control Regulation” which entered into force after
being issued in the Official Gazette No. 26562, dated 24.06.2007 and shall be given to the
relevant municipality and/or licensed collection, separation facilities.
Unusable tires that may originate from business machines will be given to licensed recycling
facilities in accordance with “Regulation on the Control of Worn-Out Tires” which enter into
force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 26357 dated 25.11.2006.
In case of any leakage from equipments used in the facility, the “Regulation on Point-Based
Contaminated Areas and Soil Pollution Control” which entered into force after being published
in the Official Gazette No. 27605, dated 08.06.2010 shall be complied and in order to minimize
any substances harmful to human health and the environment the provisions of the “Hazardous
Waste Control Regulation” which entered into force after being published in the Official
Gazette No.25755, dated 14.03.2005 as well as the provisions of the “Waste Oil Control
Regulation” published in the Official Gazette 26952, dated 30.07.2008 shall be followed.
Hazardous waste to emerge shall be stored in red color tanks/containers having a phrase “Waste
Oil” on it and shall be transferred to disposal facilities by licensed vehicles.
Worn-out batteries and accumulators in the plant, will be seperately collected from domestic
qualified solid waste and will be delivered to collection points in compliance with the 13th
article of the “Waste Batteries and Accumulators Control Regulation” which entered into force
after being published in the Official Gazette No. 25569 dated 31.08.2004 (Amendment in the
Waste Batteries and Accumulators Control Regulation published in the Official Gazette No.
27537, dated 30.03.2010) .
Medical waste that will emerge from the infirmary to be established for the workers on field
will be collecd seperately from all other waste in accordance with the "Medical Waste Control
Regulation” which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 25883
dated 22.07.2005 and will be disposed in compliance with the regulation.
Throughout the construction phase of the the provisions of the “Regulation on the General
Principles of Waste Management” which entered into force after being published in the Official
Gazette No. 26927, dated 05.07.2008 shall be complied.
150
5.1.7 Flora and Fauna
No loss of vegetation during the construction stage of the activity is expected since the
proposed project is a capacity addition and will take place in industrial zone. Moreover, since
the proposed project site is situated within the industrial zone and exposed to intensive
antropogenous effects, it has lost its natural fauna and vegetation characteristics. As a result,
the elements of fauna, which are a part of wild life, do not prefer this zone as their
reproduction, sheltering and egglaying spots. Therefore, it would be out of the question for any
plant and animal specifies to be endangered at the construction stage of the activity in terms of
their next generations.
5.1.8 Demographic
During the whole Project process the Project company will comply with the relevant
requirements of IFC Performance Standard 2 Labour and Working Conditions, to ensure
consistency with the four core labour standards (concerning the use of child labour, forced
labour, non-discrimination and freedom of association and collective bargaining).
Employment opportunities would be increased in the region as a result of employment of about
100-300 persons at the stage of construction under the said activity. The company will also be
responsible for providing social security and health insurance to their employees.
In addition to this direct affect, the region would gain further economic inputs thanks to the
income of those working in the facility and commercial services received by them regionally
(accommodation, catering and clothing, consumption, etc.). Activities would also increase in
many allied industries in connection with production thanks to the Project. Thus, the local
trading activities would pick up, leading to increases in the income brackets of local
communities.
Land Acquisition and/or Resettlement:
The IFC's Performance Standard 5 - Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
recommends;
•
•
•
To avoid or at least minimize involuntary resettlement wherever feasible by exploring
alternative project designs
To mitigate adverse social and economic impacts from land acquisition or restrictions
on affected persons’ use of land by: (i) providing compensation for loss of assets at
replacement cost; and (ii) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with
appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed participation of
those affected
To improve or at least restore the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced
persons
151
•
To improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate
housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites
The proposed project will be established in to the existing Cengiz NGCCPP boundaries.
Therefore no resettlement or any kind of expropriation will be done in the scope of the Project
and by avoiding this, the relevant PS will be complied with accordingly.
5.1.9 Occupational Health and Safety
Dust and noise are one of the most important issues for health and environment concerning the
overall project activities. In addition to this, occupational accidents are probable due to fire and
utilization of equipments and machines.
Incautiousness, not obeying security alerts or not using safety equipments may lead to accidents
during the project activities. Qualified labour will be hired and educated for work safety to
minimize occupational accidents. There will be short time breaks during the shifts to decrease
accident due to decreased concentration. Warning plates will be placed to appropriate places to
minimize danger and risks. Protection and work safety equipments will be delivered to
workers. If accident happens despite all the precautions an ambulance will be made available to
carry the patient to nearest health institution after first aid in the project site.
There will be enough hand tools (mattock, shovel, axe, bucket, etc.) as a precaution to an
incidental fire. Labour Health and Occupational Safety Charter (Official Gazette 04/11/1974,
No: 14765) Chapter 5 Section 1 “Safety Precautions against Fire in Workplaces” will be
obeyed. Workers will be educated against fire. Neighbouring institutions will be informed in
case of fire.
Labour Law (Official Gazette June 6th 2003, No.25134) and related occupational health
legislations will be complied with in the plant.
In construction phase, both the national (Turkish Regulations) and the international ( IFC
Performance Standards) requirements will be meet. In addition, to provide maximum safety; an
Emergency Action Plan has been prepared. (In Annex-22)
Considering the international requirements, the IFC Performance Standard 2 will be achieved.
Paragraph 16 of Performance Standard 2 states that ‘The client will provide the workers with a
safe and healthy work environment, taking into account inherent risks in its particular sector
and specific classes of hazards in the client’s work areas , including physical, chemical,
biological, and radiological hazards. The client will take steps to prevent accidents, injury, and
disease arising from, associated with, or occurring in the course of work by minimizing, so far
as reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards. In a manner consistent with good
international industry practice, the client will address areas, including: the identification of
potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life-threatening; provision of
preventive and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of
hazardous conditions or substances; training of workers; documentation and reporting of
152
occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents; and emergency prevention, preparedness and
response arrangements’.
In addition, the necessary mitigation measures will be taken as recommended in the section 2.0
of the IFC General EHS Guidelines(Refer to Section 6).
Incidents which are dangerous and risk full for human health and environment that may emerge
from the start of the project until the opening of units for activity and events possible to happen
nearly on any construction work such as possible injuries, internal construction traffic
accidents, material splashes, people falling, heavy construction equipment accidents, etc. Based
on this context, warning sheets will be placed on the working area and employees will be given
occupational safety training. There will be compliance with the labour law Act No 4857 that
was issued against industrial accidents in construction work and provisions of relevant articles
of "Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety and Regulation”, being issued
correspondingly to above law. Besides, a workplace safety and accident prevention plan will be
prepared and implemented according to current regulations and legislation. The staff and
workers will be equipped with relevant safety equipment required by the work and they will be
provided to work under ideal conditions in terms of health and safety rules.
The greatest potential dangers in terms of workers’ health are infectious diseases that may be
faced in the work force. The status of workers will be inspected periodically in an infirmary to
be installed in order to minimize this issue accordingly. The contact of construction workers
with local people will be kept at minimum in order to reduce the risk of disease transmission. In
the event of important diseases and injuries, facilities of a hospital located in the nearest
settlement will be utilized.
Medical wastes that will emerge from the infirmary installed for workers in the project field
will be collected separately according to all the other waste in compliance with the regulation
of “Medical Waste Control Regulation" that entered into force after being issued in Official
Gazette No. 25883, dated 22.07.2005, and their disposal will be carried out accordingly.
5.2. Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment in the Operation Phase
5.2.1 Topography and Soils
The primary impact on soil arised from a thermal power plant is the soil acidification. Soil
acidification can be defined as a general increase in soil acidity. The flue gas emissions from
industrial facilities in and around the industrial areas of intense concentration and content of
these emissions according to the state, depending on the return to earth with rain, soil
acidification is increasing acidity of the soil formed. Asitleşmesine substances that contribute
most to the soil, the soil as a result of the sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds
accumulate in the atmosphere. Nitrogen compounds, the plants when the soil is more than the
amount özümseyeceği asitleşmesinde role. SO2 and NOx in the atmosphere, combined with
water vapor as the main cause acid rain. Acid rain reacts with the soil structure breaks down in
soil minarellerle of the soil affects the chemical structure and biological conditions. Present in
the composition of the soil calcium, magnesium, elements such as washing the floor to carry
water, soil and agricultural productivity decline is caused.
153
The weighed soil pH of the Black Sea Region where province of Samsun, Tekkeköy District is
located is is varying largely between 6.0 – 7.9 as the pH distribution of Turkey by lands is
given in the following Table.
Table 74. pH+ Distribution in Lands of Turkey According to Regions 39
NUMBER OF
ANALYSED SOIL
REGION
pH
4,0-4,9
5,0-5,9
6,0-6,9
7,0-7,9
8,0-8,9
Trace and Marmara
8462
%9
%10,2
%30,7
%57,1
%1,1
Black Sea
10095
%4,7
%16,2
%25,4
%51,8
%1,9
Central Anatolia
25778
-
%0,7
%4,2
%89,7
%5,4
South East
4272
-
-
%93,3
%2,2
East Anatolia
1342
-
%0,3
%85,6
%6,7
Aegean
7404
-
%2,7
%66,7
%7,9
Lakes
3871
-
%0,6
%84,2
%8,2
Mediterranean
3367
-
-
%85,9
%8,6
Turkey
64591
%9
%4,5
%76,5
%4,7
* Determined in pH Saturation mud.
As the project area is located within an “industrial area” and as there are no agricultural lands
within the impact area, the project will not have an adverse effect on agricultural lands.
However, within the scope of the project to eliminate the negative impacts of agricultural
commodities and land acidification, the flue gas emissions that will emerge during the
operation of the plant, will be provided to remian under the limit values specified in the
"Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation” which was published in the Official Gazette No.
27277 dated 03.07.2009 and in the limit values specified in the “Regulation on Large
Combustion Facilities”. The said flue gas emissions shall be monitored on-line and it shall be
certificated that relevean limit values are provided.
Methods for the Prediction of Soil Acidification
39
Plant and Soil Chemical Analysis III: Soil Analysis, Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture. Education, Research and Development
Foundation Publications No. 3, Professor. Dr. Burhan Kaçar
154
Sensitivity level of the project area and its vicinity; Holowaychuk and Fesseden (1987) was
developed by a qualitative approach to study. Reviews are carried out taking into account soil
pH and cation exchange capacity.
155
Table 75. Criteria for Soil Acidification Sensitivity 40
CATION
EXCHANGE
CAPACITY
pH
SENSITIVITY
AGAINST BASIC
CATION LOSS
SENSITIVITY
AGAINST
ACIDIFICATIO
N
SENSITIVITY
AGAINST Al
DISSOLUTIO
N
GENERAL
SENSITIVIT
Y
<4,6
Y
D
Y
Y
4,6-5,0
Y
D
Y
Y
5,1-5,5
Y
O
Y
Y
5,6-6,0
Y
Y
O
Y
6,1-6,5
Y
Y
D
Y
>6,5
D
D
D
D
<4,6
Y
D
Y
Y
4,6-5,0
O
D
Y
O
5,1-5,5
O
D-O
O
O
5,6-6,0
O
D-O
D-O
O
>6,0
D
D
D
D
<4,6
Y
D
Y
Y
4,6-5,0
O
D
Y
O
5,1-5,5
O
D
O
O
5,6-6,0
D
D-O
D-O
D
>6,0
D
D
D
D
<6
6-15
>15
D: Low Sensitivity
O: Medium Sensitivity
Y: High Sensitivity
When compared soil properties with the overall classification accuracy, it is seen that the
sensitivity of soil against acid precipitation is at low degree in the immediate vicinity of the
project area. In this case, the soil structure is not sensitive to soil acidification and it is
envisaged that the project will not cause a negative impact on the soil. However, all
transactions made under the project shall comply with the “Regulation on Soil Pollution
40
A qualitative sensitivity analysis developed by Holowaychuk and Fesseden (1987)
156
Control and Point-Source contaminated the sites” which was published in the Official Gazette
No. 27605 dated 08.06.2010.
5.2.2 Air Emissions
As stated in the IFC Guideline for Thermal power plants, the amount and nature of air
emissions depends on factors such as the fuel (e.g., coal, fuel oil, natural gas, or biomass), the
type and design of the combustion unit (e.g., reciprocating engines, combustion turbines, or
boilers), operating practices, emission control measures (e.g., primary combustion control,
secondary flue gas treatment), and the overall system efficiency. For example, gas-fired plants
generally produce negligible quantities of particulate matter and sulfur oxides, and levels of
nitrogen oxides are about 60% of those from plants using coal (without emission reduction
measures). Natural gas-fired plants also release lower quantities of carbon dioxide, a
greenhouse gas.
Therefore, the emissions of proposed project will also be minimum and even negligible.
However even the emission are negligible the good practise is to assess them conservatively.
Exhaust gas which would be released by the gas turbine generator as a result of combustion
would be fed into the steam turbine to achieve combined cycle.
There are two factors leading to development of nitrogenous oxide emissions which would take
place as a result of the combustion operation that would be carried out at the facility to be built.
First of them is nitrogen contained by fuel used in the combustion operation. However, more
importantly, nitrogenous oxide emission stems from oxidization of free nitrogen in the air at a
high temperature during the combustion operation. Burners of a special type shall be used in
the gas turbine of the facility.
As stated in the IFC guideline for thermal power plants, gas-fired plants generally produce
negligible quantities of particulate matter and sulphur oxides, and levels of nitrogen oxides are
about 60% of those from plants using coal (without emission reduction measures). Natural gasfired plants also release lower quantities of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Nonetheless, the
emissions of the plant has been assessed separately below.
The origin of SO2 emissions is the result of oxidization of sulphur inside fuel. Control of this
emission would be the method of reducing the sulphur content in the fuel or treating SO2 gas
from the stack gas. Because natural gas containing a sulphur content at a negligible level would
be used by the facility as fuel, no note worth emission would develop in connection therewith.
Dust emissions, which comprise combustion sources, generally depends on the content of the
fuel. In this context, fuels which have lower ash contents cause lower dust emissions. In other
words, since the dust volume is lower, the stack gas values which would develop would also
remain below the limits.
CO emissions would develop as a result of inefficient combustion. It must be ensured that there
must be an appropriate period of stay and that there must be a high temperature so that
controlled combustion could be completed. These conditions would be met thanks to the
157
special burners to be used in the facility and no emission of a considerable volume would
develop.
C02 is a product, which develops as a result of full combustion and generally leads to a global
greenhouse gas effect. Therefore, local air quality and emission standards are not in place for
CO2. Combined cycle gas turbines operate at higher efficiency as compared to other fossil fuel
fired plants and produce less CO2 per MW of electricity generation. CO2 emission which would
develop in the facility would be at a negligible level.
In the facility subject to the Project, natural gas will be used as fuel in the plant, hourly natural
gas consumption will be 170 000 m3. The heating value of the natural gas to be taken from
Samgaz Natural Gas Distribution Inc. is 9.042.93 kcal/m3 and sub-heating value is 8.144,94
kcal/m3. The characteristics of natural gas to be used is given in the following table.
Table 76. Properties of Natural Gas to be Taken from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş
Upper Calorific Value (kcal/m3)
9,042.93
Lower Calorific Value (kcal/m3)
8,144.94
Specific Gravity:
0.56601
Standard Density
0.69360
N2
0.8468%
CO2
0.0498%
METHAN
98.0670%
ETHAN
0.7096%
PROPAN
0.2346%
I-BUT
0.0387%
N-BUT
0.0383%
I-PEN.
0.0076%
N-PEN.
0.0054%
HEXZA
0.0024%
Gas Turbine Unit: It is the unit where natural gas and air compressed in the compressor area
is mixed and burned and where subsequently mechanical power is obtained as a result of the
move of the shaft to which also the generator is connected. The gas turbine provides an
electrical power of 390 MW. The air compression ratio is 19:1. Before air is aborbed from
external environment to the gas turbine it is filtered. Exhaust gas which emerges as a result of
combustion goes to the boiler to be evaluated in waste heat boilers.
Steam Turbine: It is 220 MW. 3 separate steam obtained from the waste heat boiler is sent to
the superheated steam turbine and converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. Mechanical
energy rotates the turbine shaftand the generator located on the same shaft performs electricity
production. Used steam is sent to the condenser and from here to the waste heat boiler feed
water tank by means of condensate pumps.
158
At the plant, there will be a gas turbine with a capacity of 390 MW. There will be a flue gas
output unit and 1 emission point in the facility.The characteristics of the flue of the gas turbine
are given in the table below.
Table 77. Flue Properties of the Gas Turbine
Flue Height
Flue diameter
Number of Flues
Flue Gas Flow Rate
Flue Temperature
60 metre
8 metre
1
700 kg/sn
100 ºC
In order to increase natural gas conversion technologies, thermodynamic efficiency, high
combustion temperature is required. However, the high combustion temperature leads to high
NOx production. The project is one of the most important features used in the facility NOx Gas
Turbine is almost nonexistent. Within the combustion control system (O2 set) by minimizing
the unburned O2 reaction rate is reduced to minimize NOx emissions generated as a result.
Turbines will be operational during the mitigation measures will be provided with the limit
values specified in the relevant legislation.
The project facilities will be installed in the domain of air quality monitoring station and online monitoring can be made Samsun Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry.
Standards, measurement systems and methods will be accepted by the MoEF. The same will
apply in the flue gas system, the flue gas emissions monitoring measurements will be done online. Given the sensitivity of the region, giving rise to a cumulative effect, however, the present
case, the highest of the ETI Bakır A.Ş. Flue of 152-meter chimney effect taking into account
the area of 7.5 km of the emission is most intense in the region to be determined by the
Directorate of Samsun Province Environment and Forestry where air quality monitoring
stations will be established and followed on-line by the relevant department.
Systems to be Installed for the Instant Measurement and Assessment (On-Line) of Flue Gas
Emissions
 exhaust stack flue gas for emission measurement system shall be installed and
shall be CO-NOx-O2 measurement.
 Measurement shall be continuous. Conditioning units and a central control unit
and the sampling lines will be required.
 Conditioning and sample lines, will include all necessary equipment for the
measurement accuracy.
 Proven brand-models to the analyzer and all necessary equipment will be
selected.
 The central unit must be within the frame work will include all necessary
equipment.
159
 The system, central control room will be placed in one computer and shall
include one laser printer.

 Via a computer online values, alarm conditions and historical trends shall enable
being observed. In addition, daily, monthly and annual reports will be available.
 The system of gas temperature, pressure and flow to measure the amount of
critical values and be capable of generating an alarm.

 The system automatically purge the sample line to be appropriate for the
cleaning.
 The Analyzer device shall have the ability to function in temperatures between 5°C and +50 °C..
 The measurement system shall have a system to draw the humidity of the gas
from the flue.
 The emission measurement system to be installed shall comply with TSE, EPA,
DIN standards and the "TC Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Industrial Air
Pollution Control Regulation (SKHKKY) 03.07.2009-27277.
Regarding emissions from the flue of the plant as a result of operation, as the Cengiz Natural
Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant is evaluated within Article 1. Energy Industry in the list of
Annex-1 of the “Regulation on Permits and Licenses to be obtained pursuant to the
Environmental Law” which entered into force after being issued in the Official Gazette No
27214, dated 29.04.2009, stating;
“1.3 Combined Cycle, combined heat power plants, internal combustion engines and gas
turbines (including internal combustion engines and gas turbines used in mobile plants),
An Environmental Permit Certificated pursuant to the relevant regulation shall be obtained.
Within the scope of the project, related to the emissions from the facility, an air quality
modeling study was carried out. It was observed in the modeling that the limit values specified
in Annex-4 of the Regulation on Large Combustion Facilities are met. The “Air Quality
Modeling” prepared for the project is that given in Annex-20.
160
5.2.2.1. Assesment Againts National Regulations
In accordance with the annex -2 of the regulation for control of the air pollution caused by the
industry, hourly mass debits (rates) of the emissions released from the chimneys of existing or
new facilities to be established or emitted into the atmosphere from other sources outside of the
chimneys are determined by measuring emission in chimneys for existing facilities and
calculated by using emission coefficients for the emissions emitted from other parts outside of
chimneys and those of new facilities to be established as well. If the values of hourly mass
debit (kg/hour) exceed the values given in Table 2.1 contribution of the emission to air
pollution in the area affected by the facility is calculated hourly if it is possible, otherwise it is
calculated on daily, monthly and annual bases. Establishing at least two monitoring stations in
different study fields for the existing facility where the contribution value to the air pollution
calculated monthly is at the crest such that a station is assigned for each study field, air quality
measurements are conducted constantly during at least one month. Competent authority
determines measurement times at regions where pollution rates vary and accordingly increase
according to the months. If the results of measurement are higher than 60% of long term limit
values (LTLV) specified in Annex-2, duration for measuring air quality is extended and
measurement duration is determined by competent authority. Limit values specified in Annex2, Table 2-2 of this regulation should be ensured in the area affected by the facility.
g) Measurement and calculation of air quality in the facility impact area and period of
measurement:
In the facilities to be established as new, values for contribution to air pollution are determined
in accordance with the principles specified (a) through (g) paragraphs of this section in Annex2. In addition, long term value (LTV) is determined by calculation or measurement method
taking all major contaminants in the facility impact zone into accounts. Total pollution value
(TPV) for the facilities to be established new is determined by addition of the value of
contribution to air pollution calculated within facility impact area to the long term value (LTV)
found by measurement or calculation method. Depending on concentration of the pollutant
source within the area affected by the facility to be established, the competent authority may
get air quality measurements performed in the station for a period of one (one) month if it so
requires.
Table 78. Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation -Mass debits
Mass debits for operational hours during weekly workdays
under ordinary operational conditions (kg/hour)
Emissions
From chimney
From other spots except for
chimneys
Carbon monoxide
500
50
Nitrogen dioxide [NO, (NO2 type)]
40
4
161
Note: The emission values indicated in the table are the static debit values emitted by all chimneys (total of
chimneys).
Model region covers an area of 7.5 square kilometer such that all fields of study are covered
within this area.
Starting coordinate for the model has been adopted as 288625, 96; 4568534, 60 and polar grid
system has been selected with angles of 10 degrees. Since the scheduled field is mountainous
zone, mixed topography calculation has been applied.
The modelling study was cunducted according to the values given below.
Table 79. Chimney Parameters
Chimney height
Emission source
(m)
Temperature
Diameter
Rate (speed)
(°C)
(m)
(m/s)
100
8
34
60
Power plant chimney
Table 80. Concentration values of the emissions that might be released from the plant
Concentration
Pollutant
Mass debit
Concentration
Mass debit
(g/s)
(mg/m3)
(kg/h)
CO
81,023
100
291,682
NOX
60,767
75
218,761
Table 81. Pollutant Mass Debit Values
Pollutant mass debits
Emission
source
Power plant
chimney
Concentration
Pollutant mass debits
(mg/m3)
(kg/h)
(g/s)
NOX
CO
NOX
CO
NOX
CO
60,767
81,023
75
100
218,761
291,682
218,761
291,682
Total mass debit (kg/h)
162
Mass debit values for CO and NO2 emitted from the total (all) of the chimneys in the facility
are successively 291,682 and 218,761 kg/hour and the limit values specified in Table 2.1 are
given for CO while it is observed that NO2 values are above limit values. Therefore, it was
concluded that an air quality measurement to be performed in accordance with the decision of
competent authority before taking the facility into operation.
With this regard, baseline air quality measurements have been conducted between 19.12.2011
and 19.01.2012.
The assessment of the modeling result agains three relevant regulations; “Regulation for
evaluation and management of air pollution”, “Regulation for Air quality evaluation and
management(Annex 1-a and Annex 1-b)”, and “Regulation of Large Combustion Plants” are
given below respectively. The whole model sdudy is also given in Annex-20.
Table 82. Regulation for evaluation and management of air pollution Table 2.2 :Long term, short term limit
values in the Facility Impact Area and Gradual Reduction Table
YEAR
Duration
Limit value
[µg/m3]
Parameter
[CO mg/m3]
NO2
CO
[Precipitated
powder
mg/m2gün]
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
STL
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
LTL
100*
100
92
84
76
68
60
STL
30*
30
26
22
18
14
10
LTL
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Results of air quality modeling meet the limit values concerning content of NO2 and CO in the
region where the facility is to be constructed.
Table 83. Regulation for Air quality evaluation and management Annex-1A: Gradual reduction in long term and
short term limit values during temporary period
Average time
Limit Annual reduction in limit value 2009
2010
2011 2012 2013
2014
value
No reduction is foreseen
STL-Average of
winter season
400
Annual stable reduction until
Limit value is 250 µg/m3
LTL-Average of
250
370
225
340
200
310
175
280
150
250
125
First level
260
µg/m3
f i
900
Regulation for
control and
Hourly
Warning
threshold
163
2nd level
400
winter season(1
October-31
March)
PM10
µg/m3
3rd level
520
µg/m3.
Target limit
value (annual
arithmetical
average)
60
Target limit
value (Average
of winter season)
120
LTL
150
LTL
60
STL
300
LTL
100
STL
4th level
650
µg/m3.
(Given
values are
average of
24 hours)
52
44
36
28
20
92
84
76
68
60
300
260
220
180
140
100
LTL(Average of
winter season, 1
Oct. -31 March)
200
178
156
134
112
90
LTL
150
132
First level
500
µg/m3
2nd level
350
µg/m3
114
%
78
60
3rd level
1.100
µg/m3.
Given
values are
average of
24 hours
PO
LTL
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
CO
STL
30
Limit value is 10 mg/m3
26
22
18
14
10
LTL
10
Results of air quality modeling performed concerning content of NO2 and CO provide limit
values required by the respective regulation (S.K.H.K.K.Y. ) in the region where the facility is to
164
be constructed. The facility shall comply with the foreseen limit values required by CYGM for
the year of 2014 within the scope of the regulation concerned (HKDYY).
Table 84. Regulation on Air quality evaluation and management Annex-1.B
Pollutant Average
Limit
Tolerance Upper
Lower
Date to
time
value
share
assessment Assessment reach
threshold
threshold
limit
value
NO2
50 % of
January
Hourly
200
100 µg/m³ 70 % of
( 50% ) at limit value
limit value
1st
µg/m3
-For
1.1.2014
2024
(It
protection should
and it is to
of human
be reduced
not
(100 µg/m3
health
exceeded in a stable
It should
for more way in
not be
(140 µg/m3
equal rates It should
than 18
exceeded
in every
times in
more than
not be
period of
a year)
18 times in
exceeded
12 months for more
a year)
to zero
than 18
tolerance
times in a
share until year)
1.1.2024
Annual
- For
protection
of human
health -
40µg/m3
20 µg/m³ (
50% ) at
1.1.2014
and it is to
be reduced
in a stable
way
in
equal rates
in
every
period of
12 months
to
zero
tolerance
share until
1.1.2024
80 % of
limit value
(32 µg/m3 )
65% of
limit value
(26 µg/m3)
Warning
threshold
400
µg/m3 (It is
measured in
three
sequential
hours in
representative
zones of air
quality that is
a whole zone
or a subzone or an
area of 100
km,
whichever is
smaller)
January
1st
2024
165
Carbon
monoxide
Maximum
daily
average
for 8
hours
10
mg/m3
- For
protection
of human
health
NOX
Annual
– for
protection
of
vegetation
-
30
µg/m3
6 mg/m³
(60% ) at
1.1.2014
and it is to
be reduced
in a stable
way in
equal rates
in every
period of
12 months
to zero
tolerance
share until
1.1.2017
-
70 % of
limit value
50% of
limit value
(7 mg/m3)
(5 mg/m3)
80%
of
limit value,
(24 µg/m3)
65% of
limit value
(19,5
µg/m3)
January
1st,
2017
Carbon
monoxide
January
1st
2024
According to results of modeling, 20 concentration values of NO2 calculated for an hour and 10
concentration values of CO2 calculated annually and 20 concentration values of CO calculated
for 8 hours are in conformance with the limit values given in Table 2, Annex-1 of the
regulation for air pollution assessment and management.
Table 85. Regulation for Large combustion Plants Annex- 4 Emission Limit Values For Gas Turbines
Emission limit values (mg/Nm3)
NO2
Fuel type
(NO and NO2)
CO
sootiness (Bacharach)
SO2
General gas fuels
11,7
Liquefied gas
1,7
Gases with low calorie
formed in coke burning
furnace
117
Gases with low calories
formed in high furnaces
67
100
120
166
Natural gas
11,7
50
Gas fuels (except for
natural gas )
120
Liquid fuels
2 (constant operation )
120
4 (start up)
It is guaranteed that the concentrations of CO and NO2 emitted from the chimneys in the
facility would conform to limit values specified in Annex 4 of the regulation.
5.2.2.2. Assessment Against International Guidelines
To be able to assess the emissions against the international guidelines, the IFC Guidelines for
Thermal Power Plants is preferred as bencmark. Below, the limit values for all applicable
parameters are given.
Table 86. Air Emissions from Gas Turbines
Pollutant
Unit
NOx
mg/Nm3
CO
mg/Nm3
CO2
SO2
mg/Nm3
PM
Turkey 41
50
100
not specified
11,7
not specified
IFC 42
51(25ppm)
not specified
not specified
not specified
not specified
As it is seen from the table above, Turkish limit values are more stringent than the specified
IFC limits. Since the Turkish Regulation’s limits will be complied anyway, the IFC limits will
also be copmlied accordingly.
5.2.3 Noise
The IFC's General EHS Guideline recommends that the noise prevention and mitigation
measures should be applied where predicted or measured noise impacts from a project facility
or operations exceed the applicable noise level guideline at the most sensitive point of
reception. To be able to apply the necessary measures as requested, first the receptor should be
determined. Receptor is, according to the IFC Guideline, "a point of reception or receptor may
be defined as any point on the premises occupied by persons where extraneous noise and/or
vibration are received. Examples of receptor locations may include: permanent or seasonal
residences; hotels / motels; schools and daycares; hospitals and nursing homes; places of
worship; and parks and campgrounds".
41
42
Regulation on Large Combustion Plants
IFC EHS Guidelns for Thermal Power Plants
167
Since the proposed Project will be implemented near the existing facility; and since planned
area is in the industrial zone, the nearest receptor is quite far at a distance of 1050m. Therefore
no negative impact is expected in vicinity of the proposed Project.
However, an acoustic report including the baseline measurements has been prepared in order to
determine the possible impacts of noise if any.
To be able to see the backgorund noise level, measurements have been conducted by an
acreddited company(See Annex-21). According to the measurement results, the average
background noise was found as 49,1dBA.
To see the cumulative noise pollution including the plant’s noise; the noise level of the plant
was also calculated.
The average voice power of the equipments to be in the facility is calculated by using the
following formulas:
W = F*Wm
W: Approximate voice power of the device
F : Reduction coefficient according to the type of the machine
(For electric motors F:1*10-8, for pumps F:1,1*10-6)
Lw = 10 * log W/W0
Lw : Voice power level, dB
W : Average voice power of machine
W0 : 10-12 watt
Table 87. The Equipments used within the Project and its technical specifications
Equipment
Number
Engine Power (kW)
Lw
Gas Turbine Generator
2
138750
91.42
Gas Turbine
2
104210
90.18
Gas Compressor Engine
1
1400
71.46
Turbine Pumps
4
450
86.94
1
149
61.73
1
75
58.75
2
7.2
48.57
3
90
59.54
Cranking Motor
Lubrication Motor
Fans
Air Kompressor
168
Sea Water Pump
LWT
8
400
86.43
 2 ⋅10 91.4210 + 2 ⋅10 90.1810 + 1 ⋅10 71.4610 


86.94
61.73
58.75


= 10 ⋅ log + 4 ⋅10 10 + 1 ⋅10 10 + 1 ⋅10 10  = 98.8 dBA
48.57
59.54
86.43 

 + 2 ⋅10 10 + 3 ⋅10 10 + 8 ⋅10 10 


From the calculation and the measurements above, the total noise level expected in the plant is
found as 98,8000465dBA.
The assessment of the noise level with international and national limits
The facility falls in Table 4: “Industrial Areas” in Annex VII to the Regulation on Assessment
and Management of Environmental Noise which entered into force upon promulgation in
Official Gazette Issue No 27601 of 04.06.2010.
Table 88. Environmental noise limit levels for the Industrial plants given in Table-4, ANNEX-VII of Turkish
Assessment of Environmental Noise Regulation.
Ldaytime
Levening
Lnight
Areas
(dBA)
(dBA)
(dBA)
Of the noise-sensitive areas; training, culture and health
areas as well as areas where the summer resorts and camp
sites are dense
60
55
50
Of the areas where commercial structures and the usages
sensitive to the noise exist together, the areas where the
residents are dense
65
60
55
Of the areas where commercial structures and the usages
sensitive to the noise exist together, the areas where the
business offices are dense
68
63
58
Industrial areas
70
65
60
169
Table 89. The values of Noise levels to occur in actuating inaccording to the distances
Distance (m)
5
25
50
150
500
1050
2000
3000
Noise Levels (dB)
Hz
5000
10000
Sound Level (dB)
125
73.8
59.9
53.8
44.3
33.8
27.4
21.8
18.2
13.8
7.6
250
73.8
59.8
53.8
44.3
33.8
27.3
21.7
18.1
13.5
7.2
500
73.8
59.8
53.8
44.2
33.7
27.1
21.3
17.5
12.5
5.2
1000
73.8
59.8
53.8
44.1
33.3
26.3
19.7
15.2
8.7
-2.5
2000
73.8
59.7
53.6
43.7
31.8
23.1
13.6
5.9
-6.7
-33.3
4000
73.7
59.4
53.0
41.8
25.6
10.1
-11.1
-31.1
-68.4
-156.6
SOUND LEVEL
(dBA)
80.0
65.9
59.8
49.7
50
150
37.9
30.2
23.3
500
1050
Distance (m)
2000
18.8
13.0
4.8
90.0
80.0
70.0
Leq (dBA)
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
5
25
3000
5000
10000
Figure 40. Impact Distances of equivalent noise levels
The housing unit of the Residential Area closest to the project area where the facility is to be
installed, which is closest to the facility is at a distance of about 1050 m. The value of the noise
which would reach the house in question would be 30,2 dBA and this value remains below the
daytime, evening and night limit values, which are respectively Lday (dBA) 70, Levening
(dBA) 65 and Lnight (dBA) 60, set forth by the regulation.
170
When it comes to international guidelines, again IFC EHS guideline was preferred. According
to the guideline, the noise level should not exceed the limits given in the following table;
Table 90. Noise Level Guidelines of IFC General EHS Guideline
Noise Level Guidelines
Receptor
One Hour LAeq(dBA)
Daytime
Nighttime (22.00(07.00-22.00)
07.00)
Industrial,
Commercial
70
70
According to the Figure 40 and the Table 89 above the noise level at site border will remain
under the determined values.
In conclusion, the baseline (background) measurements and the acoustic report shows that the
valid noise limits will not be exceeded.
5.2.4 Hydrology
No damages shall be made to any receiving environment such as lakes, rivers, brooks etc. The
most intensive water need which is the cooling water will be provided from sea and than again
will be discharged to sea by complying with all the limits given in the “Water Pollution
Controll Regulation”.
5.2.5 Water Usage and Quality
The most important feature of gas turbines to be used at the facility is that they have an
intercooler system which cool the combustion air at intermediate level, lowers temperatures to
high compression rates at the intermediate level and which sends it to the second compression
section at lower temperatures. As this system is a heat balance system, the energy taken from
the air needs to be cooled so that the system can operate as a closed circulation. For this
purpose, dry-type of wet-type cooling towers will be used in the system. The water at the said
towers will be used after being subjected and passed through a pre-filtration and the system will
operate as a closed-cycle. Water which is decreasing due to evaporation will be eliminated with
the water supplement from the pre-filtration.
Steam will be generated by benefiting from the exhaust gas which is emerging from the gas
turbines at the waste heat boilers. Water to be used at this stage will be provided from the water
treatment plant (demineralization).
Processed waste steam from the steam turbines will be cooled at the waste steam condenser and
will be resent to the boiler. Meanwhile, water being decreased due to evaporation will be
provided from the water treatment plant (demineralized). After sea water has completed the
cooling process at the condenser it will be discharged again to the sea.
171
The flow diagram related to water use at the plant subject to the project is given below:
Figure 41. Flow Diagram Related to Water Use at Plant Units
Demineralized Water System: Demi water aims to meet the water amount which is
diminishing in the combined cycle. The amount of demi water to be used is approximately 45
tons/hour. Demi water is directly added to the boiler. Sand filtration, reverse-osmosis and
mixed bed resin sub-systems are available in the demineralized water system.
Sea Water Cooling System: The sea water system aims to cool the closed cycle condense
water at the condenser of the steam turbine. As the system operates completely under closed
cycle logic, water returns to the sea after having cooled the condenser. Sea water is transported
by means of pumps from the pool region located near to the sea water plant. The line pressure
will be maximum 4 bars and the flow rate will be approximately 36.000 m3/ hour. Use of sea
water will be 60.000 m3/ hour together with the current system.
During the operation phase of the plant, there will be formation of domestic qualified
wastewater from various processes and from the personnel to be employed at the plant and
there will be formation of industrial based wastewater from the demineralization unit.
172
Water used at the gas turbine cooling tower is to be used after being passed from pre-filtration
and the system will operate as closed cycle. Diminishing water due to evaporation will be
eliminated by means of water supplement from the pre-filtration. At this stage, formation of
wastewater is not in question. Water to be used at this stage will be supplied from the sea which
is to be returned to the sea again without being subjected to any chemical changes. There will
only be a change in the temperature parameter of water and the limit values specified in the
Regulation on Water Pollution Control, Table 23: Criteria to be Applied for Deep Sea
Discharge” shall not be exceeded.
Discharged water temperatures change with the alteration in the temperature of the sea water
which is taken seasonally from the sea for cooling purposes. According to calculations, water
which is heated approximately +10°C in the facility; the Discharge Water Criteria of the
Ministry of Environment and Forestry have been taken into consideration. Accordingly,
dilution models (Cormix Mixing Zone) have been conducted which are required to prevent that
the increase in the temperature of sea water does not have a difference more than +10°C
according to the summer season and winter season. The number of diffusers, water depths,
environment water temperatures, sea water physical parameters as well as oceanographic
effects has been taken into consideration in the model. At the Cengiz Natural Gas Combined
Cycle Power Plant, the differential temperature (temperature difference) will be maximum
10°C at all stations and all climate conditions.
The water entering the Demineralized Water Treatment Plant after passing the pre-filtration
will be demineralized and made available to be re-used in the system. The objective herein is to
remove the ions within raw process water and enable the purification of the water.
Demineralized water is taken to waste heat boilers and steam production is performed by
utilizing from the heat of the gas turbine exhaust. Finished waste steam from the steam turbine
is cooled in the condenser and is sent back to the boiler. In the meantime, the water being
reduced due to evaporation will be provided from the water treatment plant (demineralized).
Regarding the chemical treatment plant, the Wastewater Treatment Plant Project Approval has
been obtained.
The Process and Technical Data of the Approved Wastewater Treatment Plant is given as
follows;
At the demineralization unit, raw water, boiler blowdown waters and condensation waters of
gas turbines will be primarily taken into 5000 m3 raw water tanks and will be transferred to
sand filters by means of a feeding pump. There will be 3 sand filters at the plant which of 2 are
original and 1 is spare. Particulate matter in raw water given from the top section to the sand
filter and AKM’s are held by the filter. Sand filters will be subjected averagely once in 3 days
to reverse washing with 1-time filtered water. There will be formation of 60 m3 of wastewater
during this process.
Water exiting from sand filters is passed through 7 membranes (pipe type). The reverse
osmosis unit is operating with a yield of averagely 75% as the conductivity of water will vet
reduced in this unit and salt and minerals dissolved in water will be held. Salt and minerals held
at the reverse osmosis unit are discharged by the membrane. In the meantime, while the plant is
operating at full load, 80 m3/hour of pure water will be produced. Salt and minerals which were
173
unable to pass from the membranes will be sent to the neutralization pool or sand filter
discharge line of the plant. There will be formation of 37,5 m3/hour waste water if the plant will
operate at full capacity.
In addition, remaining chlorine in this water will be held with SMBS (sodiummetabisulphite)
and membranes will be protected against silica and lime with the addition of antiscalant.
Water exiting from the reverse osmosis membranes will be taken to the 150 m3 degasser tank
where air will be given to the water and the CO2 in water will be taken. Water from which the
CO2 gas is taken will be pressed to mixed beds by means of the degasser pump.
There will be 3 mixbeds at the unit which of 2 will be original and 1 spare. By virtue of the ionaltering resins, mixbeds reduce the conductivity of water to the lowest level (<0,20µs), the
silica amount in water reduces to the lowest level and the pH value of water is adjusted
between 6-7. Regarding the regeneration of this unit, resins in mixbeds will be reverse-washed
with NaOH, HCl and distilled water. Distilled water exiting from mixbeds will be taken to the
650 m3 distilled water tank to be used in gas turbines and waste heat boiler. Mixbeds will be
subjected averagely once in 3 days to a reverse-washing process and as a result of this, there
will be formation of 45 m3 wastewater which will be transferred to the wastewater
neutralization pool.
Up to this stage, distilled water required by the plant was being realized. After this stage, the
balancing of the pH value of wastewater in the neutralization pool and the provision of limit
values specified in the Regulation on Water Pollution Control will be conducted.
The pH of the water from the reverse osmosis unit will be at an average of 7.6. The backwash
process of mixbeds will be carried out first with NaOH and will be taken to the backwash
neutralization pool. The pH of this water will be at a level of 11-12 as mixbeds will be taken
subsequently to a backwash process with HCI. Acidic characterized water as a result of this
process will be taken to the neutralization pool and will be mixed with the water which of the
pH was 11-12 and the pH balance will be provided accordingly. Here, pH will be between 6-9.
An automatic pH gauge will be placed at the neutralization pool. In the event that pH remains
to be still high, HCL will be added by means of the automatic dosage pump and water will be
discharged after being adjusted at an pH level of 6-9.
Neutralized wastewater will be given to the deep sea discharge system and discharged after
being treated in accordance with the “Regulation on Water Pollution Control”, Table 20.1
“Softening, Demineralization, Regeneration, Active Carbon Washing and Regeneration Plants,
Discharge of other Industrial featured Waste Water into the Receiving Environment, which
entered into force after being issued in the Official Gazette,
The analysis results by the Samsun Directorate of Public Health Institute based on the sample
taken from the neutralization pool exit water is given Annex-23.
174
Table 91. Softening, Demineralization, Regeneration, Active Carbon Washing and Regeneration Plants, Water
Pollution Control Regulation Table 20.7
PARAMETER
UNIT
KLORÜR (Clˉ)
SÜLFAT (SO4‾2)
DEMİR (Fe)
BALIK BİYODENEYİ (ZSF)
pH
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
-
COMPOZITE
SAMPLE
24-HOURS
2000
3000
10
10
6-9
COMPOZITE
SAMPLE BY
24-HOURS
1500
2500
6-9
Water used at the steam turbine cooling tower will be used upon being passed through prefiltration and the system will operate as a closed cycle.
Water which is decreasing due to evaporation will be eliminated with the water supplement
from the pre-filtration. At this stage, formation of wastewater is not in question.
The number of personnel to be employed within the project is 30 people and if the amount of
required water per person is taken as 150 lt/day (Source: Water Supply and Sewage Disposal
Practices of ITU-1998, Prof.Dr.Dinçer TOPACIK, Prof. Dr. Veysel EROĞLU).
Number of employees
= 30 people
Amount of water to be = 150 lt/person-day
used
= 0,15 m3/person-day
Total water requirement = 0,15 m3/person-day x 30 people = 4,5 m3/day
The drinking water requirement of the personnel will be supplied from the city network. If
considered that complete water to be used by the personnel will return as wastewater there will
be formation of 4,5 m3/day wastewater during the operation phase. Pollutants in typical nontreated domestic type wastewater and their average concentrations are given as follows;
Table 92. Pollutants and Average Concentrations in Domestic Qualified Wastewaters 43
PARAMETER
CONCENTRATION
pH
6-9
AKM
200(mg/lt)
BOİ5
200(mg/lt)
KOİ
500(mg/lt)
43
Benefield, L. And Randall, C., 1980
175
Total Nitrogen
40(mg/lt)
Total Phosphorous
10(mg/lt)
According to the above table, pollutant loads to emerge in domestic qualified wastewater
during the construction phase is as follows;
AKM

4,5 m3/day x 200 mg/lt /1000
=
0,9
kg/day
BOI5

4,5 m3/day x 200 mg/lt /1000
=
0,9
kg/day
KOI

4,5 m3/day x 500 mg/lt /1000
=
2,25 kg/day
Total Nitrogen

4,5 m3/day x 40 mg/lt /1000
=
0,18 kg/day
Total
Phosphorous

4,5 m3/day x 10 mg/lt /1000
=
0,045kg/day
Domestic qualified wastewater to emerge from the personnel will be delivered to the biological
treatment plant which is located within the adjacent power plant which belongs to Cengiz
Holding.
The current capacity of the said treatment plant is 10m3/day and the capacity of the treatment
plant will also increase upon the capacity increase. Necessary permits under the scope of the
provisions of the Project Approval Circular No. 2005/5 related to treatment plant to be newly
established shall be obtained.
According to the provisions of the Project Approval Circular No. 2005/5, wastewater treatment
plant project approval will not be requested from enterprises which evidence that they were
established before 27.04.2005. The power plant located adjacent which is owned by Cengiz
Holding was commissioned on 02.03.2004 and a project approval is not sought for the
biological wastewater plant according to the provisions of the circular.
The personnel-based wastewater on the facility area will treated in accordance with the
standards specified in Table 21.1 of the Water Pollution and Control Regulation” which entered
into force after being issued in Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 No.25687 and shall be
discharged in accordance with the regulation. The exit water analysis of the biological
treatment plant is given in Annex-23.
176
21.1
PARAMETRE
BİRİM
KOMPOZİT
KOMPOZİT
NUMUNE
NUMUNE
2 SAATLİK
24 SAATLİK
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOİ5)
(mg/L)
50
45
Chemical
(KOİ)
(mg/L)
180
120
(mg/L)
70
45
-
6-9
6-9
Oxygen
Demand
Suspended Solids (AKM)
pH
Throughout the activity, the provisions of the “Water Pollution and Control Regulation” which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette no. 25687, dated 31.12.2004
shall be complied.
Regarding the discharge of wastewaters from the facility subject to the project, the provisions
of the Fisheries Law No. 1380 shall be complied. The criteria specified in Annex-5 of the
“Fisheries Regulation” which entered into force after being issued in the Official Gazette No.
22223, dated 10.03.1995 stating “Hazardous Substances Prohibited to be discharged to Inland
Waters and Reproduction Areas is Seas and List of Receiving Environment Acceptable Values”
shall be complied.
In addition, for the oily wastewater that may emerge within the facility, the oil seperatör which
serves as a oil holder located at the adjacent power plant which belongs to Cengiz Enerji shall
be used. Any type of used oil (machinery oil, turbine oil, etc) from the plant shall be given to
facilities licensed by the Ministry of Forestry and Environment and the “Regulation on Waste
Oil Control” shall be complied.
The amount of boiler and/or cooling water to be used
Within the scope of the project, cooling water will be supplied from the Black Sea. Water to be
used as cooling water in the process will be discharged again to the sea by means of a deep sea
discharge system. The “Deep Sea Discharge” Project EIA Report related to the deep sea
discharge has been submitted to the MoEF and a “CEI Positive Certificated has been issued
under the decision no. 1828, dated 12.01.2010
In addition, upon the receipt of the EIA Positive Certificate, the Deep Sea Discharge Project
was procured and the project approval from the MoEF was received on 29.12.2010 under the
number 76558.
177
The information included in the “Samsun Tekkeköy Combined Cycle Power Plant Water Intake
and Discharge Pipe Lines Design Project Final Report” prepared by Derinsu Sualtı
Mühendislik ve Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti is given below. The complete report is provided in
Annex-3.
Amount of water to be drawn from the sea is 60.000 m3/hour in total as 24.000 (current status)
+ 36.000 (capacity increase). Within the scope of the project, cooling water requirement from
the sea of 60.000 m3/ hour and the discharge of the plant cooling water to the sea has been
planned (by means of 4 diffuser pipes with 22 outlets, at a length of 209 m between KP 0+467
and KP 0+676). Water intake and discharge pipe lines are selected from 1600mm HDPE pipe
material. In order to be able to meet the capacity, totally 4 units of 1600mm HDPE water intake
pipelines (1 line as spare) and 4 units of 1600mm HDPE discharge lines have been planned. At
each of the water intake line separate water intake structures have been planned. At discharge
lines totally 22 units of (6+5+6+5 units, separate for each line) 800mm HDPE diffuser exit
chimneys are located to have at a height of 1 m from the seafloor. Dilution calculations were
calculated in a state to be compliant with the sea discharge regulations of the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry and in a manner not exceeding sea water ambient temperature
increase of +1C°.
Total flow rates planned for the water intake structure and sea discharge system are as follows:
Qwater intake = 60.000 m3/hour 16,666.67 lt/s
Qdischarge = 60.000 m3/hour 16,666.67 lt/s
Within the scope of the project, any chemical alteration in water to be used as cooling water is
not in question. There will only be an increase in the temperature parameter of water.
Discharged water temperatures change with the alteration in the temperature of the sea water
which is taken seasonally from the sea for cooling purposes. According to calculations, water
which is heated approximately +10°C in the facility; the Discharge Water Criteria of the
Ministry of Environment and Forestry have been taken into consideration. Accordingly,
dilution models (Cormix Mixing Zone) have been conducted which are required to prevent that
the increase in the temperature of sea water does not have a difference more than +10°C
according to the summer season and winter season. The number of diffusers, water depths,
environment water temperatures, sea water physical parameters as well as oceanographic
effects has been taken into consideration in the model.
For the 850 MW CCPP, temperature difference will be maximum 10°C at all climate
conditions and all sections. As a result of calculations, in the event that cooling water flow rate
is 60.000 m³/ hour, the following input-output temperature values were found.
178
Table 94. Input-Output water temperatures in the process
Sea water temperature
(°C)
Discharge water temperature
(°C)
10
20
15
25
20
30
24
34
In the following table, the criteria specified in the “Water Pollution Control Regulation” Table
23; “Criteria to be applied for Deep Sea Discharged” is provided. As it can be seen from the
table, the limit value of the discharge water temperature shall not exceed 35° and the highest
discharge water temperature under the project will be 34°.
Table 95. Applicable Criteria for Deep Sea Discharge
PARAMETER
LIMIT
Regardless of the dilution capacity of the marine environment, to be discharged to
the sea water temperature shall not exceed 35 ˚ C yi. Hot water in which the first
dilution of sea water, the physical (S1) of the diffuser 1 ˚ C in summer from June
to September, other months it can not increase more than 2 ˚ C. However, when
the sea water temperature is above 28 0 C, the discharge temperature of sea water
used for cooling the ambient temperature without imposing any restrictions that
will not increase more than 3 0 C may be allowed to discharge
Temperature
The
most
probable
number (EMS)
of total and
fecal coliform
As a result of the total dilution regarding deep sea in the protection of people,
90% of the time, as EMS TC/100 ml total coliform and fecal coliform level of
1000 level of 'should be less than 200 ml of FC/100
Solid and
Floating
Material
There shall be no visible solid and floating material at the diffuser outlet, outside
the strip equal to the sea water depth at that point.
Other
parameters
Limits given in Table-4 shall be provided.
179
Regarding deep sea discharges, the temperature of the discharge water at diffuser exit points
must be in compliance with the marine environment. For this reason, a CORMIX Dilution
Program Modeling was carried out under the project and the following results were obtained
(See Annex-3, Samsun Tekkeköy Combined Cycle Power Plant Water Intake and Discharge
Pipe Lines Design Project Final Report, page 18).
When looked at dilution values, total dilution value at the diffuser exit along X:9,00 m
horizontal and Z:1,80 m along depth (at a height of +0,80 m from diffuser exits) is S: 14,8. This
value is an acceptable dilution value. When sea water densities are taken into account, X:9,00
m horizontal and Z:1,80 m along depth (9 m ahead from the diffuser exits and at a height of
+0,80 m), amount of dilution has been calculated as S: 14,8 (Dilution effect at a rate of
S=1/14,8). In this case, the discharge water environment temperature excessive value from port
exits reduces to a level of +0.68 0C after 9m at horizontal. This value is below the level
specified in the “Regulation on Water Control Pollution”, Table 23 which is providing the
criteria for deep sea discharges.
During site studies, seabed water temperatures were measured at the discharge point.
Accordingly, seabed water temperatures were taken into account during modeling. The dilution
of approximate +10°C temperature difference in winter in a state of being below +1°C is on the
safe side. In order to achieve these values, a diffuser pipe at a length of 209 m having 22 outlets
at a diameter of 800mm has been planned.
5.2.6 Wastes
5.2.6.1. Liquid waste
Within the scope of the project, there will be formation of domestic qualified liquid waste from
the personnel to be employed during the opration phase and industrial wastewater and cooling
water from the deminieralization unit.
Wastewater to emerge from the project and the approximate amount is as follows:;
-
Domesitc qualified wastewater (4,5 m3/day)
Demi water (37,5 m3/day)
Cooling water (60.000 m3/sa)
Domestic qualified wastewater at the current facility is given to the biological treatment plant.
Emerging demi and condensation waters are collected by means of 5000-tons tanks and are
given to the Çoban Yatağı Channel after being treated at the demineralization plant.
However, pursuant to the Circular of the DSİ General Directorate, dated 25.07.2006 and
numbered 2005/23 “irrigation system and the high base in parallel to discharge water reserve
and tertiary drainage channels in the task, additional capabilities and functions of these
channels would force the amount of water treated strictly even be allowed to discharge waste
water, the cancellation of previously granted conditional permission is required.”, wastewater
discharge will not be carried out into the Çoban Yatağı Drainage Channel in any way, including
current facilities of the investor company, during the operation phase of the project.
180
For this reason, the investment firm supplying cooling water from the deep sea discharge
system, domestic and process waste water will be added to the regulatory limit values after reconditioning. Thus, underground and / or procedures performed and discharge of all liquid
wastes shall be discharged to the sea.
Domestic Qualified wastewater disposal:
If it is accepted that all used water will be returned as waste water within the scope of the
project, the amount of domestic qualified waste water from the personnel during the
construction phase will be at a total of 4,5 m3/day.
Domestic qualified wastewater will be discharged with the deep sea discharge system after
suitably treated accordance with the discharge standards of domestic qualified wastewater to
the receiving environment specified in Table 21.1 of the “Wastewater Pollution Control
Regulation” which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 25687,
dated 31.12.2004.
The biological treatment plant effluent analysis report is given in Annex-23.
21.1
PARAMETER
UNIT
COMPOSITE
SAMPLE
COMPOSITE
SAMPLE
2 -HOURS
24 -HOURS
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOİ5)
(mg/L)
50
45
Chemical
(KOİ)
(mg/L)
180
120
Suspended Solids (AKM)
(mg/L)
70
45
pH
-
6-9
6-9
Oxygen
Demand
Throughout the activity, the provisions of the “Water Pollution and Control Regulation” which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette no. 25687, dated 31.12.2004
shall be complied.
Demi water disposal:
Wastewater formation of approximately 20% of the water processed in the demineralization
unit is in question. Wastewater from the demineralization unit will be taken to the
neutralization system and will be neutralized. Wastewater to be neutralized will be treated in
accordance with the standards of Water Pollution Control Regulations" Table 20.7 Water
181
Softening, Demineralization and Regeneration, Activated Carbon and Regeneration Plant
Wash, the discharge Industrial Wastewater which entered into force after being issued in the
Official Gazette No. 25687, dated 31.12.2004.
The analysis of the water from chemical treatment was made by Samsun Institute of Public
Health and analysis results are given enclosed (In Annex-23).
Table 97. Sector: Water Softening, Demineralization and Regeneration, Activated Carbon Washing and
Regeneration Plants, Water Pollution and Control Regulations, Table 20.7
PARAMETER
UNIT
Chloride (Clˉ)
Sulfate (SO4‾2)
Iron (Fe)
FISH BIO TEST (ZSF)
pH
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
-
COMPOSITE
SAMPLE
2-HOURS
2000
3000
10
10
6-9
COMPOSITE
SAMPLE
24-HOURS
1500
2500
6-9
Cooling Water Disposal:
Calculations made for the project as a result of the deep sea discharge system, the cooling water
flow rate 60,000 m³ / h was then the following input and output temperatures were found.
Table 98. Inlet-outlet water temperatures in Process
Sea Water Temperature
(°C)
Discharge Water
Temperature (°C)
10
20
15
25
20
30
24
34
The following table provides the Deep Sea Discharge Criteria specified in Table 23 in the
Water Pollution Control Regulation. As seen from the table, the discharge limit temperature of
water is stated not to exceed 35°C as the temperature of discharge water under the project will
be 34°C
182
Table 99. Applicable Criteria for Deep Sea Discharge
PARAMETER
LIMIT
Regardless of the dilution capacity of the marine environment, to be discharged to
the sea water temperature shall not exceed 35 ˚ C . Hot water in which the first
dilution of sea water, the physical (S1) of the diffuser 1 ˚ C in summer from June
to September, other months it can not increase more than 2 ˚ C. However, when
the sea water temperature is above 28 0 C, the discharge temperature of sea water
used for cooling the ambient temperature without imposing any restrictions that
will not increase more than 3 0 C may be allowed to discharge
Temperature
The
most
probable
number (EMS)
of total and
fecal coliforms
As a result of the total dilution regarding deep sea in the protection of people,
90% of the time, as EMS TC/100 ml total coliform and fecal coliform level of
1000 level of 'should be less than200 ml of FC/100
Soild and
Floating
Material
Solid material floating on the diffuser outlet, the total width of the strip at that
point is equal to the depth of the sea water outside the eye and the floating solid
objects which can be viewed
Other
parameters
Limits given in Table-4 shall be provided.
With all treatment systems will be all kinds of activity (household, process) of all the waste
water discharge into the sea, and ground-water drainage channels and will not be any
intervention.
The Project activity will be carried out in the Central Black Sea Region, the Province of
Samsun, Tekkeköy District, Selyeri Region. Also be involved in this region, triangulation point
Gelemen creek empties into the Black Sea in the west of the coastal strip between the
triangulation points Engiz creek empties into the Black Sea extended to 12 miles up the coast
section, 28 March 1983 and 18 001 in the Official 2 to Gazette No. 1380 Fisheries Act pursuant
to the "Fisheries Production Course", respectively. For this reason, in conjunction with the
project work deep sea outfall pipe installation and operation system in addition to the Fisheries
Law of 1380 and will comply with the Regulation on the receiving environment and waste
water pollution parameter values.
Professional fishing activity in the region with the amateur fishing is still carried out by the
locals. These activities are small scale, rather than to contribute to the country's economy and
living nearby in the nature of being a source of livelihood of the people engaged in fishing. For
this reason, the project area related to the prohibition of commercial fishing have already been
made Samsun Provincial Directorate of Agriculture.
183
In addition, Intake and Discharge Structures, the final location of pipelines (offshore 460M,
680M, 765m, 848 and 977m in the open) on the area will have an underwater pipeline marker
buoy in order to understand that. This process is done in order to inform local fishermen and
other marine scientists. 3-leg floats defined as a fixing method for the three different points
along the seabed (1200 angles is preferred) connected. Marker buoy, a length of up to three
times the depth of water in the bottom three separate concrete blocks will be connected with
galvanized chain system. In this case, for example, 20m of water to the depth of each chain
length direction (3 * 20) is 60m. 19mm wall thickness of the selected chain ring chain. Buoy
chain hanging weights and calculated its own weight, its buoyancy of the pontoon system was
float. Horizontal displacements at the bottom of the sea to prevent the concrete blocks with 3
different locations and each one designed to 1m3. Marker buoys shall be at a height visible in
the night. .
5.2.6.2. Solid Wastes
Within the scope of the project, domestic qualified solid waste to emerge during the
construction phase is 34,5 kg/day-people and the “Solid Waste Control Regulation” which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 20814, dated 14.03.1991 will
be applied. In accordance with Article 8 of the “Solid Waste Control Regulation”, this waste will
be separately collected and necessary measures will be taken in order to facilitate the disposal and
evaluation of this waste, to prevent environmental pollution and to contribute to the economy.
Solid waste will not be discharged to places which would adversely affect the environment and
will be collected and stored in sealed standard garbage containers by complying with the 18th
Article in the fourth section related to solid waste collection and handling specified in the “Solid
Waste Control Regulation”. In compliance with Article 20 of the “Solid Waste Control
Regulation”, solid waste will be continued to be collected by the Tekkeköy Municipality in a
state without giving any harm to the environment in terns of odor, dust, leakage and similar
factors
Waste batteries and accumulators at the plant shall be separately collected and delivered to
collection points in compliance with Article 13 of the “Waste Batteries and Accumulators
Control Regulation” which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No
25569, dated 31.08.2004 (Amending Regulation on Waste Batteries and Accumulators Control
Regulation published in the Official Gazette No. 27537, dated 30.03.2010).
It shall be utilized from the ETİ Bakır infirmary for workers to be employed at the facility and
an agreement has been undersigned between ETİ Bakır, workplace physician and the investor
company. medical waste that will emerge from the infirmary to be established for the workers
on field is collected seperately from all other waste in accordance with the "Medical Waste
Control Regulation” No. 25883 dated 22.07.2005 and shall be disposed in compliance with the
regulation
Within the scope of the project, all regulation on waste shall be complied.
184
Hazardous wastes
Any empty packages of chemicals to be used during operation of the power plant, which
contact chemicals, as well as used air filters upon their replacement would pose as hazardous
wastes.
About 0.03 ton/day of hazardous waste would generate at the power plant. Any such wastes,
which would generate, would be sent to the disposal companies licensed by the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry with the licensed vehicles and disposed there in compliance with the
Regulation on the Control of Hazardous Wastes, which has taken force upon promulgation in
Issue No 25755 of the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005.
The provisions of the Regulation on the Control of Hazardous Wastes, which has taken force
upon promulgation in Issue No 25755 of the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 shall be duly
complied with.
5.2.7 Flora and Fauna
When biological effect on soil are in question, it is considered that generally air emissions will
mostly affect the terrestrial bioata. Fauna species themselves could give physiological
responses plants could respond to pollution, such as pollution can damage plant tissue, may
also cause the death of the plant.
Depending on the realization of the project envisaged the construction site should be cleared
during the realization of the central area of the crop patterns will be eliminated. Project of the
facility, 1/5.000 scale Master Plan (in Annex-9) Power Generation Plant Facility Master Plan
Area and 1/100.000 scale environment (see Appendix-9) is included in the Industrial Area.
Therefore there is no appropriate habitat for fauna and also not for wildlife. For this reason, the
project operation phase of the fauna will not be affected.
During the operational phase of the project NOx emissions derive from their effects on flora.
NO x 's, plant leaves, then lesions on the leaf (brown or dark brown spots) it is determined that
cause color deterioration. Reductions in the loss of carotene and chlorophyll, plants, NOX to
their main reactions when exposed. NOX 's effect on plants of the type and severity, and the
amount may vary depending on both internal and external factors. Environmental conditions,
the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere and the other the current state of the plant, the
plant NOX versus affect responses. NOx emissions will remain below the limit values as a
result of the emission calculations. Accordingly, NOx emissions resulting from the project will
not have an adverse effect on flora and fauna.
Within the scope of the project there will be no change in the chemical structure of the water
which will be used as cooling water and which is to be discharged again into the receiving
environment. Only a change in temperature of the water to be discharged to the environment
(increase) will occur. This change is indicated in the Water Pollution Control Regulation 35 º C
remains below the limit value and limit value does not exceed the temperature of the water will
be provided throughout the project. However, sprinklers and discharge pipelines, marine in the
organisms (mussels, larvae, etc.) chlorination will be changed to avoid clogging of sticking to
the grills.
185
Chlorination Application in Discharge Systems
One of the biggest problems of plants using cooling water inlet and outlet pipes, fouling the
water (decomposition) is obstruction by organisms over time. Be achieved because of the water
flow pipe blockage, and this process leads to a great loss of energy. That's why the water
supply needs of the sea, resort to various ways to prevent fouling of the industrial facilities.
This is the most common ways is the use of antifouling chemicals. This chemical is the most
preferred compounds of the hypochlorite.
Chlorine: a sharp-smelling, greenish-yellow color, irritating and toxic gas. Does not occur free
in nature. Hypochlorite is a chlorine compound. Disinfectants, deodorant and bleach industry,
pool cleaning, wastewater treatment, industrial facilities discharge and water intake structures
are extensively used in activities such as prevention of fouling.
Chlorine compounds (hypochlorite) chlorine plants to give a continuous media application or as
shocking as a discrete system can be performed continuously. In addition to being a fairly
common and easy to apply this method also may be some disadvantages. Among these
chlorinated compounds are used in the discharged water temperature and are deleterious effects
on marine organisms. However, the limit values related to the emergence of scientific research
results show that over-limit chlorine has an deadly effect on living creatures .
Çukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, M. Ziya Lugal GÖKSU, Fatma ÇEVİK and Özlem
FINDIK, between May 1999-April 2000, at the Mersin-Akkuyu Bay, "Pinctada radiata (pearl
oyster)" lethal concentration of chlorine levels were determined in their study.
In the study samples collected from the sea were brought to the laboratory environment, where
the aquarium with 12 units (six, including one control group) for 10 pieces and put them in 5
different chlorine concentration of the organism used. Been feeding during the experiment (48
hours before the feeding is stopped without the aquarium organisms), temperature 20 º C, pH
7.1-7.4, the dissolved oxygen 5.5-6.0 mg / l were measured. Sodium hypochlorite is used as a
source of chlorine in aquaria 1.35; 1.80, 2:40, 3:20, 4:20, and 0.00 (control) mg / l were
applied. A concentration of 2-stage study was conducted to determine Biyodeneylerle. In the
first stage, 24-hour LC values that were lethal effect. In the second step taking into account the
chemical behavior of the chlorine, the amount of residual chlorine was determined by means of
an iodometric method.
As a result, the first 6 hours, 2.40 mg / l chlorine concentrations in the aquarium is applied
outside the aquarium and lower mortality was observed. The reason for this stems from the way
the biological behavior Pinctada radiata. Where the organism from the moment of application
of chlorine covers quite a long time to close the cut and its relationship with the external
environment. So the deaths in the concentration of chlorine, might emerge much earlier,
perhaps, be seen in next time. Indeed, other mussel species causing fouling by the chlorine,
which is more tolerant to applications of a study of Mytilopsis leucophaeta, valve movements
were examined in the presence of chlorine, 0.0 mg / l in the control group, 0.1 mg / l residual
chlorine group observed 10-fold more than the movement of the cover and 0.75 mg / l residual
chlorine in the presence of negatively affected by movements of the valve set and increasing
the chlorine content was determined closes valves.
186
For this study, Pinctada radiata identified a 24-hour LC50 lethal concentrations of chlorine (*)
for the 1.75 mg / L, LC90 (**) for the 5:36 mg / l and LC95 (***) For the 7:58 mg / l,
respectively.
Note: * The dose that kills 50% of organisms
90% of the dose that kills organisms **
95% of the dose that kills organisms ***
Indeed, the effect of chemical substances used in the type of organism, life cycles, administered
according to the amount, type and amount of oxygen in the water, such as temperature-pH
varies according to the parameters. For example, ambient temperature effect by increasing the
intensity of chlorine arttırılabilmekte, similar results can be obtained thus lower the chlorine
application.
Another source on this subject at Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Prof. faculty. Dr.
ATAY born with the Assoc. Dr. Serap PULATSÜ who prepared the "Water Pollution and
Control (ANKARA/2000)" book. This source of chlorine in seawater in the laboratory is lethal
(potentially lethal) dose of 0.5 mg / L are given.
The entrance and discharge pipes, sprinklers and pipes the output of the project, shelled
organisms such as mussels clogging leads to degradation and chlorine will be applied so that
they are not stuck in the grid. In this context, "Fisheries Regulations" of the Annex V List:
Domestic Production Areas in the waters and the seas and the Receiving Environment Spilled
Hazardous Substances Prohibited List Of Acceptable Values that are stated in 0.01 mg / l free
chlorine will not be exceeded.
Under the project, Appendix-III of Annex II of the Bern Convention 'fauna species which are
protected under the Bern Convention for the measures specified in Article 6 and 7 and the
relevant provisions of the " Water Pollution Control Regulation which entered into force after
being published in Official Gazette No. 25687 of 31.12.2004 shall be complied.
References:
Tubives Turkey Plants Data System
CITES Convention
Ekim,T. Koyuncu, M.Vural, M.Duman, H.Aytaç, Z. Adıgüzel Red Data Book of Turkey
Davis.P.H, Flora Of Turkey And The East Aegean Islands, Vol.1-10,Edinburg(1965-1988)
BERN, Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (1984)
IUCN Red List Categories,IUCN Species Surrival Commision, 40 th Meeting of the IUCN Council, Gland, Switzerland (1994)
Baytop, T., Turkish Dictionary of Plant Names, Ankara (1997)
Demirsoy A. “"General Zoogeography Zoogeography and Turkey"”, Ankara (2002)
Demirsoy A. “Life Basic Rules-Vertabiles/Amniyota (reptiles, birds and mammals) Volume-III/Section-II”, Ankara (2003)
187
2010-2011 Hunting Period MAK Decisions
Atay, D., Pulatsü, S., Water Pollution and Control (ANKARA/2000)
Göksu, M.Z.L., Çevik, F., Fındık, Ö., Pearl oyster Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) lethal concentrations of chlorine, Turkish Journal of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences-TUBITAK
Archaeological and Cultural Resources
The area being below the limits specified in the emision values and due to the distance to the
project, any advese effect is not considered. In addition, if any structure is encountered during
construction, the construction shall be stopped and the closest Museum Directorate shall be
notified.
5.2.8 Land Use
Regarding the “Cengiz 240 MW Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant Capacity Increase
planned in the Provinceof Samsun, Tekkeköy District, Selyeri Region by Cengiz Enerji Sanayi
Ve Ticaret A.Ş on 46.000m2 portion of the registered plot No. 3756 of 132.86.94 m2 is located
in the 1/5.000 scale Master Development Plan (in Annex-9) on the Industry Area and on the
1/100.000 scale Environmental Master Plan (in Annex-10) as an industrial area. The area
remains outside a forest area. 500 m east to the project field, immediately on the right og the
Selyeri drainage channel, there is the racecourse of the Turkey Jockey Club. The shipyard area
is located north of the racecource area. The nearest forest area to the project field is the
“Hacıosman Forest Conservation Area” which is at a distance of approximately 4 km.
5.2.9 Social Environment
Industrial activities in order to realize the project site are defined as "industrial area". For this
reason, the project will not have an adverse effect on agriculture, animal husbandry,
beekeeping. During the operational phase due to flue gas emissions remain below the limit
values specified in the legislation, any adverse impact on the environment is not expected.
Personnel working at the plant in this sense an economic input to local people and the region
will be provided. Given the personnel in their families (when calculated on an average of 4
persons), the project will have positive effects in terms of employment.
As issued in the Official Gazette dated 28 March 1983 and numbered 18001, the active site
where the triangulation of the point of the Gelemen Creek into the Black Sea in the west of the
coastal strip between the triangulation points Engiz River into the Black Sea coast at 12 miles
to the section of the Fisheries Act 2 of 1380 pursuant to the "Fisheries Production Law",
respectively. For this reason, installation and operation phases of activity and the Regulation of
the Fisheries Law No. 1380 shall be complied and the parameter values in environment and
waste water pollution laws and the regulations shall be complied.
Professional fishing activity in the region with the amateur fishing is still carried out by the
locals. These activities are small scale, rather than to contribute to the country's economy and
188
living nearby in the nature of being a source of livelihood of the people engaged in fishing. For
this reason, the project area related to the prohibition of commercial fishing have already been
made Samsun Provincial Directorate of Agriculture.
In addition, Intake and Discharge Structures, the final location of pipelines (offshore 460M,
680M, 765m, 848 and 977m in the open) on the area will have an underwater pipeline marker
buoy in order to understand that. This process is done in order to inform local fishermen and
other marine scientists. 3-leg floats defined as a fixing method for the three different points
along the seabed (1200 angles is preferred) connected. Marker buoy, a length of up to three
times the depth of water in the bottom three separate concrete blocks will be connected with
galvanized chain system. In this case, for example, 20m of water to the depth of each chain
length direction (3 * 20) is 60m. 19mm wall thickness of the selected chain ring chain. Buoy
chain hanging weights and calculated its own weight, its buoyancy of the pontoon system was
float. Horizontal displacements at the bottom of the sea to prevent the concrete blocks with 3
different locations and each one designed to 1m3. Marker buoys shall be at a height visible in
the night.
An intense increase in the comsumption of electrical energy has been experienced in Samsun
and surrounding regions depending on years. As it can be seen in following tables and figures,
electricity is consumed at an higher amount in the province of Samsun that the total amount of
electricity consumed in the provinces of Kastamonu, Çankırı and Sinop. At the same time,
when looked at the total consumed electricity amount in the provinces of Samsun, Tokat,
Çorum and Amasya, only in the province of Samsun, we see that the amount of energy being
consumed in Samsun forms approximately the half of the total amount consumed in the 4
provinces.
Table 100. Samsun and the surrounding Region Yearly Electricity Consumption (MWh), 1995-2005.
YILLAR
KASTAMONU,
SAMSUN TRABZON, ORDU, GİRESUN,
SAMSUN,
ÇANKIRI, SİNOP
RİZE, ARTVİN
TOKAT, ÇORUM,
AMASYA
1995
424.239
695.219
1.444.609
1.497.855
1996
472.040
742.929
1.495.443
1.626.629
1997
526.233
796.327
1.553.754
1.758.501
1998
560.580
970.110
1.733.416
2.031.088
1999
590.506
1.015.359
1.882.861
2.128.151
2000
630.502
1.076.309
2.028.415
2.242.386
2001
615.307
1.066.574
1.913.313
2.203.526
2002
643.052
1.140.018
1.957.481
2.245.754
2003
633.382
1.194.816
2.003.550
2.339.312
189
2004
683.325
1.259.763
2.139.640
2.471.800
2005
745.725
1.390.797
2.347.769
2.685.826
Considering that a substantial portion of electrical energy produced in Turkey is lost in lines
during the transportation routes at energy transmission lines, the need of the region in this sense
for the production of electrical energy can be clearly seen.
Contribution to the country’s economy with the said project will also be of benefit in Samsun
as all other regions.
In addition, by virtue of the facility subject to the project, an increase in income level will be
experienced and accordingly there will be an increase in commercial activities.
5.2.10 Occupational Health and Safety
The national regulations and IFC EHS Guidelines ( Section 2.0) will be achieved for whole
operation phase.
The protecting measures determined in the mentioned section (Section 2)of the guideline;
•
Eliminating the hazards will be by removing the activity from the work process.
Examples include substitution with less hazardous chemicals, using different
manufacturing processes, etc;
•
Controlling the hazard at its source through use of engineering controls. Examples
include local exhaust ventilation, isolation rooms, machine guarding, acoustic
insulating, etc;
•
Minimizing the hazard through design of safe work systems and administrative or
institutional control measures. Examples include job rotation, training safe work
procedures, lock-out and tag-out, workplace monitoring, limiting exposure or work
duration, etc.
•
Providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in conjunction with
training, use, and maintenance of the PPE.
will be meet as necessary.
All kinds of waste generated in the plant will be treated in accordance with the standards
determined by related regulations and in a way that would not threaten human health.
Health and safety impacts of the project on workers and communities in the area of influence of
the project will be reasonably managed according to the national Occupational Health and
Safety Regulation (Date: 9.12.2003, No: 25311) in order to reduce the likelihood of accidents
190
and work-related illnesses on the job as well as accidents occurring between constructionrelated equipment and local vehicles.
191
6. MITIGATION MEASURES
Table 101 Environmental Impacts and Planned Mitigation Activities in the Construction Phase
Environmental Impacts
Topography and Soils
Mitigation
Excavated material which would generate during construction would be used for filling
purposes later. Vegetable soil to emerge during excavation will be separately collected
and temporarily stored to be used in landscaping and similar studies.
The topography of the Project region is not sloppoed. Therefore no landslide, rock
falling or flood is expected. To protect the plant from surface waters, water channels
and drainage systems will be established.
Air Emissions
Noise
The fuel systems of the construction machines will be controlled and their periodic
maintenance will be performed continuously to reduce exhaust emissions. Regulation
on Control of Exhaust Gas Emissions Dated 04.04.2009 No: 27190 will be applied.
There will be dust emission during planned construction activities. Calculated emission
is below the limiting values depicted in the relevant regulation. However, the places
where the work is going on and where machines are moving on and the cover soil
which is temporarily stored will regularly be watered and loading/unloading works will
be done with upmost care to minimize the dust emission. During the construction
phase, excavations, carriage, loading and unloading of materials will be made
according to the requirements of Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation
(Official Gazette June 3rd. 2009 No.27277), the “Air Quality Assessment and
Management Regulation” (Official Gazette June 6th 2008 No. 26898 and the
“Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition Waste Control Regulation” (Official
Gazette, dated March 18th .2004 No. 25406)
There will be no activity that may cause vibration during the planned construction
phase.
Utilization of trucks, bulldozers, road rollers, compressors, loaders is expected to cause
noise. The noise levels due to construction activities will be negligible since the area is
in organized industrial zone and the level remains below the limit values specified by
Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise. All noisegenerating equipment will be inspected and maintained to reduce noise emissions.
Hydrology
No mitigation needed. During the construction phase of the facility, the drinking water
and potable water requirement of the personnel will be supplied from the city network.
If needed, it will be provided from the market.
Water Quality
There will be no wastewater formation due to dust elimination since the water will
evaporate partially and remaining portion will be absorbed by the soil.
A biological treatment plant will be established in the construction phase to treat
domestic waste water.
Solid Waste
Treated wastewater shall be discharged by being delivered to the deep sea discharge
system in compliance with the discharge standards of wastewater to receiving
environments pursuant to the “Water Pollution Control Regulation” .
Solid Waste Control Regulation (Official Gazette March 14th 1991, No.20814) will be
complied with during the disposal of solid wastes. Wastes will be collected separately
and necessary precautions will be applied to prevent environmental pollution and
contribute to the national economy. In accordance with Article 18 of the above
mentioned regulation, solid wastes will not be put in places where they may cause the
environment to be negatively affected, and they will be kept in standard closed garbage
containers. In accordance with Article 20 of the same regulation, wastes will be carried
192
in closed vehicles that will prevent pollution in terms appearance, smell, dust, leakage
and other factors, and disposed to a place shown by the related (Tekkeköy)
municipality.
Part of the excavations generated during the preparation of the project site will be used
as ground fill. With regard to the disposal of debris waste generated as a result of the
excavations during the preparation of the project site, Regulation on Control of
Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste (Official Gazette March 18th 2004,
No.25406) will be applied.
In order to ensure recycling and recovery of packaging waste which is included among
domestic origin and construction based solid waste, they will be separately collected
and source in accordance with the "Packaging Waste Control Regulation” which
entered into force after being issued in the Official Gazette No. 26562, dated
24.06.2007 and shall be given to the relevant municipality and/or licensed collection,
separation facilities.
Unusable tires that may originate from business machines will be given to licensed
recycling facilities in accordance with “Regulation on the Control of Worn-Out Tires”
which enter into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 26357 dated
25.11.2006. In case of any leakage from equipment used in the facility, the
“Regulation on Point-Based Contaminated Areas and Soil Pollution Control” which
entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 27605, dated
08.06.2010 shall be complied.
Worn-out batteries and accumulators in the plant, will be seperately collected from
domestic qualified solid waste and will be delivered to collection points in compliance
with the 13th article of the “Waste Batteries and Accumulators Control Regulation”
which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 25569 dated
31.08.2004 (Amendment in the Waste Batteries and Accumulators Control Regulation
published in the Official Gazette No. 27537, dated 30.03.2010) .
Medical waste that will emerge from the infirmary to be established for the workers on
field will be collecd seperately from all other waste in accordance with the "Medical
Waste Control Regulation” which entered into force after being published in the
Official Gazette No. 25883 dated 22.07.2005 and will be disposed in compliance with
the regulation.
Throughout the construction phase of the the provisions of the “Regulation on the
General Principles of Waste Management” shall be complied.
Waste will be managed so as to reduce the negative effects of waste oil, grease and
fuel that may be generated as a result of the repair and maintenance of the equipment
used for excavation on humans and environment to the minimum in accordance with
the Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes (Official Gazette March 14th 2005,
No.25755), Regulation on Control of Waste Oils (Official Gazette 30th June 2008 No.
26952,)
No mitigation needed since the proposed project site is situated within the organized
industrial zone.
No mitigation needed.
There will be a total of 300 workers from different branches in the operation phase.
This will have positive effect on local economy.
Flora and Fauna
Land Use
Demographic
Occupational Health and Safety
Wastewater generated in the project site will be subjected to biological treatment.
193
Adequate sanitary facilities, potable water, and garbage bins will be provided.
Qualified labour will be hired and educated for work safety to minimize occupational
accidents. There will be short time breaks during the shits to decrease accident due to
decreased concentration. Warning signs will be placed to appropriate places in the site
and workers will be given safety training to minimize danger and risks. Protection and
work safety equipments will be delivered to workers. If accident happens despite all
the precautions an ambulance will be made available to carry the patient to nearest
health institution after first aid in the project site.
All precautions will be applied against the possible danger of fire. Fire extinguishers
will be placed in necessary places and fire fighting systems will be established in the
administrative area. There will be enough hand tools (mattock, shovel, axe, bucket,
etc.) as a precaution to an incidental fire. Labour Health and Occupational Safety
Charter (Official Gazette 04/11/1974, No: 14765) Chapter 5 Section 1 “Safety
Precautions Against Fire in Workplaces” will be obeyed. Workers will be educated
against fire. Neighboring institutions will be informed in case of fire.
Labour Law (Official Gazette June 6th 2003, No.25134) and related occupational
health legislations will be complied with in the plant.
In order to eliminate any adverse effects of the noise level on the staff, it shall be
ensured that the staff would use labour clothes and gadgets such as earplugs, gloves,
goggles, masks, helmets, etc., and again, the provisions stipulated by Article 78 therein
shall be strictly complied with. In addition, the members of staff who would be
employed shall be prevented from being exposed to noise for extended periods.(aynen
aldım noisedan)
The Project company will comply with the relevant requirements of IFC Performance
Standard 2 Labour and Working Conditions, to ensure consistency with the four core
labour standards (concerning the use of child labour, forced labour, non-discrimination
and freedom of association and collective bargaining).
The greatest potential dangers in terms of workers’ health are infectious diseases that
may be faced in the work force. The status of workers will be inspected periodically in
an infirmary to be installed in order to minimize this issue accordingly. The contact of
construction workers with local people will be kept at minimum in order to reduce the
risk of disease transmission. In the event of important diseases and injuries, facilities of
a hospital located in the nearest settlement will be utilized.
Table 102 Environmental Impacts and Planned Mitigation Activities in the Operation Phase
Environmental Impacts
Topography and Soils
Air Emissions
Mitigation
SO2 and NOx emissions will be kept at minimum in order to prevent soil
acidification. The flue gas emissions shall be monitored on-line and it shall be
certificated that relevant limit values are provided.
Since of the natural gas would be used as fuel, concentrations of S02, dust, CO and C02
would be expected to be low. NOx’s are the most important air pollutants in the case of
natural gas fired power plants. A special type burner would be used in order to reduce
NOx concentration in the gas turbine at the facility.
The project facilities will be installed in the domain of air quality monitoring
station and on-line monitoring can be made Samsun Provincial Directorate of
Environment and Forestry. And also, the flue gas emissions monitoring
measurements will be done on-line.
194
Instant Flue Gas Emissions On-line Measurement and Assessment System will be
installed. This system will include;
•
Measurement will be continuous. A central control unit, the sampling
lines and conditioning units will be required.
•
Online values, alarm conditions and trends for the past will be followed
with computer. In addition to this, daily, monthly and annually reports
can be formed.
•
The system will measure gas temperature, pressure and amount of flow.
It can generate alarms for critical values.
Noise
Gas engines and other noise generation machines will be carefully placed so as to
keep the noise level in the way that may affect workers at minimum.
Plant site environmental noise levels will not exceed the limits specified in the
Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Pollution
(Official Gazette June 04th 2010, No.27601).
Besides, the settlements adjacent to the facility would not be expected to adversely
affected by noise because the facility would be located inside the organized
industrial zone.
Where the noise levels indicated by the Regulation on the Assessment and
Management of Environment Noise would have to be exceeded inside the plant and
technical means for reduction of noise and vibration at source would prove
inadequate, the protective clothes and gadgets would be distributed to the works as
stipulated by Law No 4857 on Labour. Any measures and obligations in connection
with the Workers Health and Labour Safety which are based on this law shall be met
by Cengiz Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş. (Cengiz Energy Industry and Trade Inc.)
Hydrology
Water, which will be used for cooling tower of gas turbine, will be supplied from
the Black Sea and it will be discharged to sea without any chemical change. Only
water temperature will change. The determined limit values in the Regulation on
Water Pollution Control, Table 23: Deep Sea Water Discharge Criterias will be
complied.
Water Quality
The investment firm will supply cooling water from the sea and discharge the
water to the deepsea discharge system. Domestic and process wastewater will be
added to the regulatory limit values after re-conditioning. Thus, underground and /
or procedures performed and discharge of all liquid wastes shall be discharged to
the sea.
Domestic qualified wastewater will be discharged with the deep sea discharge
system after suitably treated in Biologic Water Treatment Facility accordance
with the discharge standards given in the “Water Pollution Control Regulation”
Table 21.1: The Discharge Standards to Receiving Environment For Domestic
Qualified Wastewater.
The process wastewater will be discharged with the deep sea discharge system
after suitably treated in Chemical Water Treatment Facility accordance with the
discharge standards given in the “Water Pollution Control Regulation” Table 20.7:
Discharge Standards to Receiving Environment For Water Softening,
Demineralization and Regeneration, Activated Carbon Washing and Regeneration
Facilities, Industrial Qualified Other Waste Water.
Solid Waste
In compliance with Article 20 of the “Solid Waste Control Regulation”, solid waste
will be continued to be collected by the Tekkeköy Municipality in a state without
giving any harm to the environment in terms of odor, dust, leakage and similar
factors.
Hazardous wastes (0.03 ton/day) would be sent to the disposal companies licensed
195
by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry with the licensed vehicles and
disposed there in compliance with the Regulation on the Control of Hazardous
Wastes.
Waste batteries and accumulators at the plant shall be separately collected and
delivered to collection points in compliance with Article 13 of the “Waste Batteries
and Accumulators Control Regulation” It shall be utilized from the ETİ Bakır
infirmary for workers to be employed at the facility and an agreement has been
undersigned between ETİ Bakır, workplace physician and the investor company.
Medical waste that will emerge from the infirmary to be established for the
workers on field is collected seperately from all other waste in accordance with the
"Medical Waste Control Regulation” No. 25883 dated 22.07.2005 and shall be
disposed in compliance with the regulation.
Flora and Fauna
Appendix-III of Annex II of the Bern Convention 'fauna species which are
protected under the Bern Convention for the measures specified in Article 6 and 7
and the relevant provisions of the " Water Pollution Control Regulation which
entered into force after being published in Official Gazette No. 25687 of
31.12.2004 shall be complied.
Land Use
Demographic
Personnel working at the plant in this sense an economic input to local people and
the region will be provided. Given the personnel in their families the project will
have positive effects in terms of employment.
Fire
Basic measures to be taken are as following:
-
Fire-extinguishing system shall be installed.
The system of natural gas leaks, fire, and so on. automatically shuts off
the gas valves and gas flow at the plant
-
Raw water tanks, which are used by means of fire, fire pumps and fire
water supply is prevented.
-
The facility will be located within the fire alarm detectors.
Fire extinguishers should the facility be put into place.
Personnel working in the plant so that there is a possible danger in the case of fire,
fire extinguishing systems have been designed into action automatically. The
training will be provided the necessary awareness of the personnel assigned to the
plant.
Occupational Health and Safety
The protecting measures determined in the mentioned Section 2 of the IFC EHS
Guidelines;
•
Eliminating the hazards will be by removing the activity from the work
process. Examples include substitution with less hazardous chemicals,
using different manufacturing processes, etc;
•
Controlling the hazard at its source through use of engineering controls.
Examples include local exhaust ventilation, isolation rooms, machine
guarding, acoustic
insulating, etc;
•
Minimizing the hazard through design of safe work systems and
administrative or institutional control measures. Examples include job
196
rotation, training safe work procedures, lock-out and tag-out, workplace
monitoring, limiting exposure or work duration, etc.
•
Providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) conjunction
with training, use, and maintenance of the PPE.
will be meet as necessary.
197
7. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
7.1 Site
The project covers the existing plant capacity building activities will be set up right next to the
facility to be integrated with existing facilities.
However, the project will be built in the area for the facility operates as a field of other reasons
for the selection of the plant are listed below.
- 1/5000 scaled Master Development Plan, facility location is defined as "Energy
Production Plant Area",
- Activity Area property belongs to Eti Aluminum which is one of the companies of
Cengiz Holding in the field of mining,
- Samsun Organised Industrial Zone and proximity to the most important industrial
organizations which have a regular and uninterrupted energy needs,
- Energy production of natural gas supply will be provided with the main entry Samgaz
Natural Gas Distribution Inc. 's proximity to natural gas lines,
- Possibility of the national energy transmission network,
- Topographical conditions,
- Water supply facilities,
- Soil conditions,
- Supplier of industrial companies around the same activity in the presence of the owner.
Therefore, the preferred alternative is the most feasible(environmentally and economically).
7.2 Fuel Types
Currently, any countries whether developed or developing have adopted the principle of
meeting their energy requirements through most cost effective and reliable methods out of
appropriate combinations of various energy resources. In this context, it is agreed that
dependence on a single source for energy generation would be risky. For instance, hydroelectric energy is considered risky in terms of sustainability and reliability given the fact that
dams could be used for irrigation purposes in addition to energy generation and that they could
be directly affected by drought. In addition, it could take many years to plan and build such a
type of power plants and considerable investment would be required. Therefore, many
countries agree that the most reliable energy generation must comprise hydro-electric energy
and steam power (fossil and nuclear) at the rates of 40 % and 60 % approximately on a
nationwide basis.
As an alternative to hydro-electric energy, relatively newer technologies such as nuclear power
plants, natural gas fired power plants, coal or fuel oil fired thermal power plants as well as geothermal power plants, wind farms and solar energy may be cited. An import of electric energy
is another alternative applied in the country in order to meet national electricity requirements.
Natural gas fired power plants have a number of positive features environmentally given the
fact that they have less hazardous emissions as compared to conventional thermal power plants.
The gas turbine technology, which started being developed in the 1940’s, now has an
application field in the combined cycle power plants since the late 1970’s. In the 1980’s,
198
parallel to the advancements in the material technology, considerable increases have been
achieved in energy generation efficiencies of gas turbines. Besides, the IFC Guideline for
Thermal power plants recommends; use of the cleanest fuel economically available (natural
gas is preferable to oil, which is preferable to coal) if that is consistent with the overall energy
and environmental policy of the country or the region where the plant is proposed. The major
advantages of natural gas based energy generation plants are outlined below:
* As the highest efficiency attainable by conventional thermal power plants is about 40 %, this
value is over 52 % in the case of natural gas fired power plants.
* C02 emission per unit of electric energy produced is lower in the natural gas fired power
plants due to their higher efficiency as compared to the conventional thermal power plants.
* Depending on the compounds of natural gas used, particulate substance emissions are zero as
S0x emissions are at negligibly low concentrations.
* NOx emissions may be retained well below the emission standards thanks to special type
burners used by the gas turbines.
* Depending on the simple block structure style, the land area required for the power plant is
relatively smaller.
In consideration to an efficiency of 35% reached in modern industrial gas turbines and to an
efficiency of approximately 36% at fossil-fuel based conventional plants, this value at natural
gas combined cycle power plants is over 52% due to developed combined design. Highefficiency leads to positive results in addition to economic factors as well as on behalf of
environmental impacts. Due to high efficiency, compared to conventional themal power plants,
the unit being produced per electrical energy, particular matter emissions are very low
depending on the composition of used natural gas and SOX and NOX values are at zero level.
Table 103. Air Emission Values of Alternative Energy Production Plants
Type of Plant
SO2
NO2
CO
Fuel-Oil Thermal Power Plant
(kg/m3)
19S*
6,3-12,6
0,63
Coal Thermal Power Plant
(kg/ton)
15S*
3-8,5
0,5-1
Natural Gas Combined Cycle
Power Plant (kg/m3)
Negligible
0,0112
0,000272
* S, the percentage of sulfur in fuel by weight
The technology selected within the scope of the project is a Combined Cycle System at which
higher thermal efficiencies are achived which has become one of the mostly applied energy
technologies today to produce energy from natural gas. In addition, one of the most important
features of Gas Turbines to be used at the facility subject to the project is that NOx emissions
are almost nonexistent. High pressure water will be directly sent to the combustion chamber in
order to minimize NOx emissions. The NOx Water İnjection Skid sistemi which is to provide
this is available together with the main package.
199
7.3 Technology
A technological alternative to proposed project would be a Project with gas engines. However
more engines and more equipments would be needed for the Project. In addition it would be
need to store the waste oil in the area.
Another alternative is diesel engine. This system works with diesel or fuel-oil which result to
more polluted emissions than natural gas at stack. Besides, this system need more filtration and
maintenance cost compared with proposed Project when we consider the environmental
responsibilities. Natural gas Turbine systems has much lower CO2 and NOx emission and even
ignorable SO2 and PM emissions compared to the diesel engine systems.
7.4. The "Do Nothing" Scenario
Energy demand of Turkey is expected to expand at an average of % 6.3- % 7 until 2018 44 in
addition; the figure below shows the energy demand projection (conservative scenario)
between 2010 and 2019 prepared by TEİAS.
Figure 42. The energy demand projection between 2010 and 2019 (low demand) 45
Based on this fact, the electric generation in Turkey should be increased anyway in accordance
with the expected energy demand. Therefore, no action alternative is not a plausible option and
powe plants should be constructed in order to generate energy where applicable.
44
45
E. Kavukçuoğlu, Türkiye Elektrik Enerjisi Piyasası 2010-2011, Deloitte Turkey
Retrieved from http://www.teias.gov.tr/projeksiyon/KAPASITE%20PROJEKSIYONU%202010.pdf, Page 13
200
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
Cengiz Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş is committed to minimizing any adverse impacts that
could arise from the construction and operation of the project in accordance with the Equator
Principles. The relevant principle recommends an action plan to prevent or reduce possible
impacts.( Principle 4 Action Plan And Management System) To achieve this, an environmental
management plan (EMP) was formulated to manage impacts, to adopt the best available
proven control technologies and procedures, to ensure a continuing process of review and
positive action in the light of available monitoring results, and to consult with local
communities on a continued basis. An environmental and safety officer will be hired to oversee
implementation of the EMP, the environmental monitoring program, and compliance with ECC
conditions. The officer will closely coordinate with the plant general manager, the management
staff, and the monitoring team.
The EMP will aim to achieve an exemplary environmental performance during construction
and operation. To meet this goal, the following activities, measures and programs will be
implemented in Cengiz Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş.: (i) environmental policy; (ii) application
of all mitigation and management measures; (iii) an environmental monitoring program; (iv) an
emergency and contingency plan (v) an institutional plan (vi) an environmental and safety
officer.
Environmental monitoring is an important component of the EMP. It provides the information
for periodic review and refinement modification of the EMP as necessary, ensuring that
environmental protection is optimized at all project phases. Through monitoring, unwanted
environmental impacts are detected early and remedied effectively. It will also validate the
impacts predicted in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the effectiveness of the
proposed mitigation measures. Lastly, it will also demonstrate compliance with national and
World Bank regulatory requirements.
A comprehensive monitoring program for the plant complex has been developed, covering the
measurement of relevant environmental indicators. At the plant, it will involve noise, safety
concerns, site drainage, solid waste and wastewater disposal, groundwater extraction, and
structural integrity of the tanks and buildings. The results of the monitoring program, which
will be implemented by the Monitoring Team (MT) to be created for the project, will be used to
optimize plant operations and adjust to management practices.
The monitoring of required parameters to check the environmental impacts, frequency of their
measurement, recording and reporting to related national authorities will be carried out strictly
as required by the related national regulations. The legal framework to be complied with for
environmental monitoring is provided in Table 27.
Table 104 Legal framework for environmental compliance
Monitoring of
Regulation to be complied with
Air Emissions
Regulation on Prevention and Control of Industrial Air Pollution, Regulation on
Large Combustion Plants, Regulation on Air Quality Management
201
Wastewater quality
Water Pollution Control Regulation (Official Gazette December 31st 2004,
No.25687),
Handling and disposal of solid wastes
Solid Waste Control Regulation and Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil,
Construction and Debris Waste
Handling and disposal of oil wastes
Regulation on Control of Waste Oils and Regulation on Control of Hazardous
Wastes
Handling and disposal of medical
wastes
Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes
Noise
Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Pollution
Safety concerns
Regulation and Guidelines on Occupational Health and Safety
All measurements for the required parameters will be made with methods described under
related national and international standards.
In the event that monitoring indicates that any environmental quality is deteriorating to
unacceptable levels, the proponent will correct operation procedures that are contributing to the
problem and/or undertake necessary engineering installations.
8.1.MONITORING
Regarding Article 18.3 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive which entered into force
after being published in the Official Gazette No. 26939, dated 17.07.2008, upon having received
the "Environmental Impact Assessment Positive" or "Environmental Impact Assessment Not
Required" decision are obliged to submit to the Ministry or Governorship the monitoring reports
related to investment starting, construction, operation and post-operation phase. The monitoring
reports and monitoring of the planned project will be carried out by EN-ÇEV Ltd. Şti., which has
prepard the EIA, and shall be submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Urban Affairs in 3
months periods to be determined by the Ministry of Environment and Urban Affairs.
8.1.1.Monitoring Program During the Construction Phase
Environmental effects that will emerge during the implementation of the project and the monitoring
program planned to be implemented against these effects is given as following according to the
feature of originating effects.
An Environmental Monitoring Program shall be established before the work is initiated in order to
make a more detailed questioning and determinaiton. The Environmental Monitoring Program
should include minimum the following main headings.
Monitoring of Liquid Waste
During the construction phase of the planned activity, depending on the use of water and
wastewater issues that should be taken into account include: water supply, accumulation and
202
discharge of personnel-based domestic wastewater, depending on climatic conditions of the
discharges of rain water management.
Personnel-based wastewater on the facility area will treated in accordance with the standards
specified in Table 21.1 of the Water Pollution and Control Regulation” which entered into force
after being issued in Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 No.25687 and Annex-5 provisions of the
“Water Products Manangement” and shall be discharged in accordance wth the regulation.
Monitoring of Solid Waste
Solid wastes are excessive construction wastes that will emerge during the construction phase
and personnel–based domestic qualified wastes. Whether these wastes are regularly stored and
in appropriate conditions, whether they could produce any risk to the environment during a
slide in rainfall shall be monitored as the excessive excavation waste that will emerge during
the construction phase shall be disposed in compliance with the provisions of the "Excavation
Soil, Construction and Demolition Waste Control Regulation" No. 25406, dated 18.03.2004.
Domestic solid wastes arising from the staff considered the separate collection of quality ones,
qualify for the accumulation in closed containers and solid waste storage area will be
monitored. Solid waste left in the field, considered the nature of those which are separately
collected, the solid waste storage area shall be evaluated and monitored.
Monitoring of Emissions
Dust emissions and exhaust emissions are among those to emerge during the construction work.
The measures taken not to exceed limit values and spraying activities shall be monitored.
The exhaust emissions of vehicles to be used on site and the provision of relevant certificates
shall be monitored.
Monitoring of Noise
Noise will emerge within the scope of the project from the machinery being used and
operations carried out on the field.
Necessary measurements will be carried out in order that limit values of noise are not exceeded
and the implementation of measures shall be monitored.
Monitoring of Medical Waste
During the construction phase there will be an infirmary on the project field.
It will be monitored that procedures related to the medical waste that will emerge from the
infirmary to be established for the workers on field is collected seperately from all other waste
in accordance with the "Medical Waste Control Regulation” No. 25883 dated 22.07.2005 and ,s
disposed in compliance with the regulation.
Monitoring of Hazardous Waste
203
No. 25755, dated 14 March 2005 and the “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils” No. 26952,
dated 30.07.2008 will be provided.
8.1.2.Monitoring Program during the Operation Phase
At this stage, an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan” shall be created by the
project owner company. After having received the “EIA Positive” decision for the said project,
pursuant to the relevant legislation, subjected pernits and licenses shall be obtained and shall be
submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry together with reports to be prepared in
respect to the operation and post-operation phase of the investment.
The issues to be monitored with the “Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan to be
created during the operation phase are given in general as following:
Monitoring of Liquid Waste
During the operation phase of the planned activity, depending on the use of water and
wastewater issues that should be taken into account include: water supply, accumulation and
discharge of personnel-based domestic wastewater, depending on climatic conditions of the
discharges of rain water management. .
The personnel-based wastewater on the facility area will treated in accordance with the
standards specified in Table 21.1 of the Water Pollution and Control Regulation” which entered
into force after being issued in Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 No.25687 and Annex-5
provisions of the “Water Products Manangement” and shall be discharged in accordance wth
the regulation.
Monitoring of Solid Wastes
The separately collection of personnel-based domestic qualified solid waste, their maintaining
in appropriate sealed containers and disposal shall be monitored.
Monitoring of Emissions
Exhaust emissions and emissions from the plant flue are among the emissions to emerge during
the construction phase.
The measurement of exhaust emissions of vehicles to be used during the construction and the
receipt of relevant certificated will be monitored.
Regarding emissions from the flue of the plant as a result of operation, as the Cengiz Natural
Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant is evaluated within Article 1. Energy Industry in the list of
Annex-1 of the “Regulation on Permits and Licenses to be obtained pursuant to the
Environmental Law” which entered into force after being issued in the Official Gazette No
27214, dated 29.04.2009, stating;
204
“1.3 Combined Cycle, combined heat power plants, internal combustion engines and gas
turbines (including internal combustion engines and gas turbines used in mobile plants),
An Environmental Permit Certificated pursuant to the relevant regulation shall be obtained.
In addition, “Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation” published in the Official
Gazette No. 26898, dated 06.06.2008 (Amending Regulation on the Regulation on Air Quality
Assessment and Management which entered into force after being published in the Official
Gazette No. 27219 dated 05.05.2009) and the “Regulation on Large Combustion Facilities”
which entered into force after issued in the Official Gazette No. 27605, dated 08.06.2010 shall
be complied.
Monitoring of Noise
Noise will emerge within the scope of the project from the machinery being used and
operations carried out on the field.
Necessary measurements will be carried out in order that limit values of noise are not exceeded
and the implementation of measures shall be monitored.
In the event that noise levels are exceeded in terms of employees, necessary protective
equipment and tools shall be provided and used.
Monitoring of Medical Waste
The solid waste that will emerge in the infirmary shall be collected, marked and disposed in
compliance with the “Medical Waste Control Regulation”. It shall be monitored that all
transactions related to this matter are performed in compliance with the “Medical Waste
Control Regulation.
Monitoring of Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste may emerge during oil changes of the equipment to be used during the
operation phase of the facility. These processes will be carried out within the facility on
maintenance and repair areas and it will be monitored whether the provisions of the “Waste Oil
26952, dated 30.07.2008 (Regulation on the Amendment on the Regulation on “Waste Oil
Control which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No.27537, dated
30.03.2010) and the provisions of the “Hazardous Waste Control Regulation” which entered
into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 25755, dated 14.03.2005
(Regulation on the Amendment on the Regulation on Hazardos Waste Control which entered
into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 27537, dated 30.03.2010) are
complied.
8.1.3.Post-Operation Period
After the closure of the plant there will be no impact on surface or groundwater. Similarly, after
the end of the activity, as there will be no emission source, there will also not be any adverse
205
effect on the existing air quality. Therefore, any monitoring done at this stage is not planned.
However, according to the evaluation after the activity at the plant has ended, restoration
studies will be carried out before the site is abandoned, it will be provided to be in compliance
with the surrounding topography, thus ensuring it to be convenient for use by new projects.
206
9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE
Community engagement is an on-going process involving the client’s disclosure of
information. When local communities may be affected by risks or adverse impacts from a
project, the engagement process will include consultation with them. 46 Since the project may
have several environmental and social impacts(even they are easily mitigable/removable), a
public consultation process has been started in including the grievance mechanism, in order to
inform stakeholders regarding the projects, get their comments and feedbacks. This chapter
provides information regarding the implemented physical meeting and the grievance
mechanism.
9.1 Purpose, Structure and Content
Stakeholder Engagement and Consultation have a number of purposes:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identification of stakeholders with an interest in the Project and/or who could affect
the outcome of the Project;
Ensuring that Project stakeholders are informed about the Project and its potential to
(positively or negatively) affect them;
Identifying potential Project impacts;
Giving stakeholders the opportunity to make inputs into the Project’s plans for
avoiding, mitigating or managing Project impacts;
Working with Project stakeholders to maximise the positive contribution of the project
may make to neighbouring communities;
Building a positive working relationship between Project stakeholders and the Project,
to ensure they view "The Project" as a ‘good neighbour’.
This last point is most significant in transitional and/or conflict context consultations
46
IFC Performance Standards-Community Engagement
207
9.2 Public Consultation and Disclosure Meetings
As the IFC PS recommends; "If affected communities may be subject to risks or adverse
impacts from a project, the client will undertake a process of consultation in a manner that
provides the affected communities with opportunities to express their views on project risks,
impacts, and mitigation measures, and allows the client to consider and respond to them", a
consultation process has been started by the project owner.
Preparation:
According to the IFC PS, an Effective consultation:
(i) should be based on the prior disclosure of relevant and adequate information, including
draft documents and plans;
(ii) should begin early in the Social and Environmental Assessment process;
(iii) will focus on the social and environmental risks and adverse impacts, and the proposed
measures and actions to address these; and
(iv) will be carried out on an ongoing basis as risks and impacts arise.
With this regard, the scoping study has been started even before the National EIA process. In
the scope of the scoping study, the region has been assessed with regard to the social baseline
and the stakeholders has been determined even they might get affected directly or indirectly.
Afterwards, a non technical summary (See Annex-24) has been prepared and necessary
announcements has been made via public announcements; national and local newspapers (See
Annex-25 for the Newspaper announcements) and by informing the Muhtars(head of a village)
and other local authorities by fax, mail and personally.
The meeting took place in Kutlukent
Tekkeköy,Turkey; on 21.12.2010.
Kültür
Merkezi
Wedding
Palace,Samsun
Minutes of the Meeting:
Before the meeting, the non-technical summary of the Project has been distributed to the
stakeholders.
The meeting was held by the organisation of ENCEV Energy and participation of legal
authorities, local stakeholders and officials from the project owner.
First the project has been told to the stakeholders by ENCEV stuff by a power point
presentation and the environmental and the socioeconomic impacts were told objectively and
with no comments. Then the meeting was proceeded with the Q/A.
208
The questions and comments raised by participants are given below:
Q: Will you use any extra land?
A: No, the Project it self is a capacity addition and will be established near the existing facility.
Q: Could please give details on the emissions?
A: The emission of the new plant will also comply with the limits. all the necessary measures
has already been considered in order to avoid or minimize possible emissions.
Conclusion:
According to the people reviews, the project will contribute to the region positively once the
necessary measures, in regard with the environmental issues, are taken.
9.3. Grievance Mechanism
The IFC Performance Standard 1 recommends a grievance mechanism in order to include
stakeholders in to the project. The relevant Standard recommends;
The client will respond to communities’ concerns related to the project. If the client anticipates
ongoing risks to or adverse impacts on affected communities, the client will establish a
grievance mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the affected communities’ concerns
and grievances about the client’s environmental and social performance. The grievance
mechanism should be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project. It should address
concerns promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is culturally
appropriate and readily accessible to all segments of the affected communities , and at no cost
and without retribution. The mechanism should not impede access to judicial or administrative
remedies. The client will inform the affected communities about the mechanism in the course of
its community engagement process.
In order to include the stakeholders comments in the decision making process of the project, the
ESIA report(This Report) will be made public available in Villages and other local authorities,
to get comments/feedback regarding the project. The EIA report that has been prepared and
approved was already made public avaliable during the EIA process.
209

CENGİZ ENERJİ SANAYİ VE TİC. A.Ş. - AGA

Transcription

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