Professor Felice Arena

Transcription

ANNO ACCADEMICO DUEMILAUNDICI/DUEMILADODICI
NOEL, Lungomare Falcomatà, Rada delle Mura Greche, Reggio Calabria, Italy
The NOEL, Natural Ocean
Engineering Laboratory,
of Reggio Calabria (Italy)
Felice Arena
Professor of Ocean Engineering
Mediterranea University
Director of NOEL
The first ocean engineering laboratory working in the field rather than
in wave tanks equipped with wavemakers based on the successful
experience of some pionieeristic small-scale-field- experiments
directed by Professor Paolo Boccotti off the beach of Reggio Calabria
(Italy), since 1989.
NOEL, prof. Felice Arena
Reggio Calabria, www.noel.unirc.it
LOCATION
Tyrrhenian
Sea
Messina
STRAITS OF MESSINA
Ionian
Sea
NOEL
lab
Calabria
Reggio
Calabria
Messina
Reggio
Calabria
Reggio Calabria
Sicily
NOEL, professor Felice Arena
NOEL
LOCATION
Beach of Reggio Calabria on the East coast of the Strait of
Messina.
Peculiarity. A local wind from NNW often generates sea
states consisting of pure wind waves with the typical size of
a big laboratory tank (significant wave height
0.20m<Hs<0.80m, peak period 2.0s<Tp<3.6s). This local
wind is very stable, and sometimes keeps steady from
morning to evening. The tide amplitude is small (typically
within 0.10m).
The water is very clear because of the current which flows
twice in a day.
THE ORIGIN OF LABORATORY
On 1989 Professor Paolo Boccotti directed the first experiment aimed at
verifying the possibility to work in the sea as in a big wave tank.
In 1990 a small scale field experiment was carried out off the beach of Reggio
Calabria to verify the theory of Quasi-Determinism, that defines the mechanics
of three-dimensional wave groups when a very high wave occurs. The results of
the experiment gave a full confirmation of the theory (Boccotti et al. 1993) and
showed that the sea off the Reggio Calabria promenade is a natural lab for
“small scale field experiments” (Phillips et al. 1993). Here a local wind blowing
from Messina toward Reggio Calabria generates wind waves with spectra very
close to the mean JONSWAP, spectrum during most time of a year.
THE ORIGIN OF LABORATORY
…………….. After three more experiments the Mediterranea University of
Reggio Calabria decided to build a laboratory in the promenade of Reggio
Calabria.
The municipality of Reggio Calabria included the laboratory in a big project
for the city seaside. This includes an open theatre and a new promenade
with a splendid sight of the Straits of Messina and Sicily. The new laboratory
has its own beach, and its own water sheet within 50m from the shoreline. It
includes a conference room, a room with the electronic station and a P.C.
network, offices and a small workshop.
The small scale field experiments are performed in the water sheet off the
beach. The instruments are connected by cables to the electronic station.
People attending symposia held in this lab can get a real time view of the
experiments.
The new management and the N.O.E.L.
In March 2009 the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria assumed direct
management of the laboratory, and Professor Felice Arena was designated as
Director of the Lab, supported by the Scientific Supervision of Professor Paolo
Boccotti (they are both full professor of Ocean Engineering). In this new phase
of the lab, activities are run with the support of the PhD students of the ocean
engineering program, as well as graduate students, which participate to the
experiments. In the lab academic activities, as lectures for under graduate
students, are also held.
The Staff of the N.O.E.L. (2009/2010):
Professors and researchers of the Mediterranea University
(Alessandra Romolo, Giuseppe Barbaro, Paolo Boccotti, Vincenzo Fiamma, Felice Arena)
The Staff of the N.O.E.L.:
With some PhD students and PostDoc of the Mediterranea University
The Staff of the N.O.E.L.
Ph.D. Students: Ocean Engineering Program
Name
Antonino Campolo
Ciclo
XXIV
Tutor(s)
Prof. Giuseppe Barbaro
Name
Ciclo
Tutor(s)
Rosa Maria
Calaudi
XXVI
Prof. Felice Arena
Dott.ssa A. Sempreviva
Rosita Siciliano
XXIV
Prof. Felice Arena
Alessandro Richichi
XXVI
Prof. Felice Arena
Giandomenico Foti
XXIV
Anita Santoro
XXVI
Prof. C. Guedes Soares
Prof. Felice Arena
Luigi Collia
XXV
Proff. P.Boccotti, V.
Fiamma,
Domenico Ciricosta
XXVII
Prof. Felice Arena
Pasquale Pizzimenti
XXV
Prof. Felice Arena
Valentina Laface
XXVII
Proff. F. Arena, G. Barbaro
Simona Ghiretti
XXV
Giovanna Vizzari
XXVII
Proff. F. Arena, A. Romolo
Post-Doc in Ocean Engineering
Saveria Meduri (PhD – ciclo XX)
Vincenzo Nava (PhD – ciclo XXI) International Post-doc between Mediterranea
and Instituto Superior Tecnico of Lisbon, Portugal
Antonino Viviano (PhD – ciclo XXI)
Giovanni Malara (PhD – ciclo XXIII) International Post-doc between
Mediterranea and Rice University of Houston, Texas, USA
Lectures in the N.O.E.L. (2009-2010):
Prof. Pol D. Spanos
(Rice University, USA)
Prof. P. Boccotti
Prof. F. Einaudi
NASA,USA
Prof. Carlos Guedes Soares,
Instituto Superior Tecnico,
Lisbon
Professor Franco Einaudi
Goddard Space Flight Center
NASA, USA
May, June 2011
Professor Pol D. Spanos, Rice University,
Houston Texas, USA - April 2011
Professor Francesco Fedele
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
June 2011
PhD in Ocean Engineering
Final exams – cicle XXI - 2009
XXI
Committee: Professors Pol D. Spanos, Mario Di Paola,
Alessandro Mancinelli, Federico Mazzolani, Eugenio
Pugliese Caratelli
PhD in Ocean Engineering : Vincenzo Nava, Antonino
Viviano;
PhD in Structural Engineering and Materials: Carmen
Amaddeo, Francesco Marino, Massimiliano Pappatico
Final exams – cicle XXII - 2010
Final exams – cicle XXIII - 2011
Committee: Professors Paolo Blondeaux, Leonardo
Damiani, Luciano Nunziante, Giuseppe Rega.
Committee: Professors Pol D. Spanos, Eugenio Pugliese
Carratelli, Paolo Sammarco, Roberto Capozucca.
PhD in Ocean Engineering: Erminia Capodicasa, Viviana
Russo; PhD in Structural Engineering and Materials:
Olga Barrera, Concetta Tripepi
PhD in Ocean Engineering: Alfredo Ascanelli; PhD in
Structural Engineering and Materials: G. Alfredo A.C.
Cundari
XXII
XXIII
A PROTOCOL FOR JOINT SUPERVISION OF DOCTORAL RESEARCH
has between signed in 2011 between Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (Portugal) and Mediterranea
University of Reggio Calabria.
This agreement, within the “Agreement between Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal and Mediterranea
University of Reggio Calabria, Italy, on Academic and Research Exchange and Collaboration”, which has
been signed in December 2007 (the designated operational officers, for purposes of developing and
implementing the terms of the agreement are: for Instituto Superior Técnico: Prof. Carlos Guedes
Soares; for Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria: Prof. Felice Arena),
provide joint supervision for doctoral research, subject to current Portuguese and Italian legislation on
doctoral studies.
The candidate Anita Santoro will carry out the research work under the supervision of a designated
supervisor from each of the two universities:
Doctor Professor Carlos Guedes Soares of Universidade Técnica de Lisboa
Professor Felice Arena of Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria
At the viva voce examination, the candidate Anita Santoro will defend the thesis in the English language
and will give an oral summary in the English language.
In compliance with legislation in force in each country, and based on the official report drawn up after the
viva voce examination, both the degree of Doutor in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering will
be conferred by Universidade Técnica de Lisboa and the PhD (dottorato di ricerca) in “Ingegneria
Marittima dei Materiali e delle Strutture” by Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria (Italy) will
be conferred on the candidate Anita Santoro.
Early experiments of Professor Paolo Boccotti
in the natural ocean engineering laboratory
of Reggio Calabria
NOEL experiment RC1990, on mechanics of three-dimensional wave
groups in the open sea, and formation of exceptionally high waves.
There were nine vertical piles of small section on deep water, each with
instruments for measuring the free surface displacement, and pressure
transducers for measuring the fluctuating pressure head beneath the water
surface.
The experiment aimed to check the basic predictions of the quasideterminism theory: an exceptionally high wave in a wind generated sea-state
occurs because of the transit of a
characteristic wave group at the apex of
its development. The theory is based on
a closed-form solution of probabilistic
wave mechanics, and describes in details
this three dimensional wave group, giving
not only the free surface displacement
but also the velocity potential.
1990 Mechanics of three-dimensional wave groups in the open
sea, and occurrence of exceptionally high waves.
….. In particular the theory shows that, whichever the spectrum of the
sea state, the wave group has a development stage which is followed
by a decay stage. During the development stage, the envelope and the
wave crest shrink and as a consequence the height of the central wave
of the group grows up to a maximum. The opposite occurs during the
decay stage. The individual waves have a propagation speed greater
than group’s speed, so that each of them runs along the envelope from
the tail where it is born to the head where it dies. As a consequence
each individual wave experiences some great transformations during its
evolution, especially when the three dimensional wave group is close to
the apex of its development.
NOEL experiment RC1991. Mechanics of three-dimensional wave
groups interacting with a vertical breakwater, and formation of high
waves at the breakwater and in the water sheet before the breakwater.
A special vertical breakwater 12m long was built on 1.5m water depth. Thirty
wave gauges were assembled in the water sheet before the breakwater.
The experiment aimed to check the
quasi-determinism theory for what
concerns waves interacting with a
reflecting wall. In particular the
theory
predicts
that
an
exceptionally high wave at the wall,
most probably is the central wave
of a three-dimensional group
hitting the breakwater, at the apex
of its development stage.
NOEL experiment RC1991. Mechanics of three-dimensional wave
groups interacting with a vertical breakwater, and formation of high
…. The theory predicts that, an exceptionally high wave at a point far
from the breakwater, most probably, is the outcome of two wave groups
at the apex of their development, which strike each other in full at this
point.
The experiment also aimed
to verify some predictions
on the frequency spectrum
as a function of the distance
from the breakwater.
NOEL experiment RC1992. Mechanics of random wave forces on
gravity offshore platforms.
The 1:50 scale model of a gravity
offshore platform was towed and sank
on 2.5m water depth. A first set of
transducers was placed at the base
and at a column of the platform.
A second set of transducers with the
same configuration of the first set, and
on the same water depth, was placed
at some distance from the platform.
Thus it was possible to get a real time
comparison between the wave force
on the solid body and the wave force
on an equivalent water mass (Froude
Krylov force).
NOEL experiment 1993. Wave forces on large horizontal cylinders.
This experiment was similar to RC1992 with the difference that here the solid body
was the 1:30 scale model of a submerged tunnel. Like in RC1992 there were two
sets of pressure transducers, one at the solid body (tunnel) and one with the same
spatial configuration, at some distance from the solid body so as to get a real time
comparison between the wave force and the Froude-Krylov force.
Two kinds of tunnels were tested. First: a tunnel of 27m diameter for the railway and
the highway. Second: a tunnel of 13.5m diameter for the railway only. The most
typical Hs (significant wave height) of the small wind waves of Reggio Calabria is
0.30m, and we fix the model scale as equal to the quotient between this most typical
Hs and the design Hs of the prototype.
In the case of the experiment RC1992
(model of the gravity offshore platform) the
design Hs of the prototype was 15m so that
the model scale was 1:50. In the case of the
experiment RC1993 (model of a submerged
tunnel) the design Hs of the prototype was
9m so that the model scale was 1:30.
NOEL experiment 1994. Mechanics of random wave forces on vertical
breakwaters.
A small vertical breakwater 12m long was assembled like in the experiment
RC1991. This time a set of transducers was put at various elevations at the wall
centre. The aim was to analyze the wave
pressure on this kind of structure, both under
wave crests and wave troughs. The effects of
high water jets like that of the photo were
deeply investigated.
NOEL exp 2001. Submerged caisson for absorbing sea wave energy.
In autumn 2001 we assembled a 1/10 scale model of one caisson of the so called
‘invisible breakwater’ disclosed by Professor Boccotti. This breakwater consists of
caissons well beneath the water level (at full scale: 3-5m beneath the mean water
level). Hence, we are dealing with a breakwater with a very low environmental
impact. Under wave action water enters into (or exits from) the caissons, and as
a consequence an air pocket (1) in a
room inside the caisson is compressed or expands.
2
5
11
12
3
B
B
8.5
21
1.7
1
2.5
SECT A-A
NOEL exp 2001.
… On tuning the height of the air pocket, it is possible to
induce resonance. Thanks to resonance the plant can
absorb a large share of the incident wave energy. This
energy is wasted inside the caissons. The experiment
showed that, on tuning the height in the air pocket, it is
possible to get an impressive amplification of the random
pressure fluctuations inside the plant. Moreover the
experiment confirmed that the height of the waves off a
beach can be controlled on opening or closing two valves
on the beach.
Air compressor
compressore
Air
polmone
pocket
d'aria
x
NOEL exp 2005. Vertical breakwaters for converting sea wave energy into
electric power.
On spring 2005 we assembled a 1/10 scale model of a caisson breakwater with a
U-OWC embodied (size of the model: 16.2m length, 2m water depth, weight
about 300tons). The U-OWC converts the chaotic wave energy into the energy of
a high speed air current in a tube. The energy of this air current can be converted
into electric power by means of a Wells turbine. In the experiment 2005 there was
no turbine, so that there was only the first step: from the chaotic wave energy to
the energy of the air current in the tube.
NOEL exp 2005. Vertical breakwaters for converting sea wave energy into
electric power.
The aim of the experiment was not to improve the design empirically on changing
size and shape of the various part of the plant. On the contrary, the design had be
performed up to details, analytically, on exploiting a powerful tool for design which
is the Quasi Determinism of the largest sea waves (Boccotti, 2000; chaps. 9-10).
The experiment aimed to verify two things of general interest, which emerged
from the Boccotti’s solution (2007) for the interaction waves U-OWC. Specifically,
the experiment aimed to verify whether or not the plant can convert the very 100%
of the energy of the long swell, thanks to a super amplification of these swell,
amplification that cannot expand towards the open sea, since the propagation
speed of the reflected wave energy approaches zero. This time the confirmation
was really spectacular: in a number of records of long swell, nearly the 100% of
the wave energy was converted into the energy of the air current in pressure, and
this occurred thanks to some super amplifications of the waves at the breakwater
embodying the U-OWC, just as it was predicted.
NOEL exp 2005. Vertical breakwaters for converting sea wave
energy into electric power.
3
Mare
Seaward
2
1.55
Comparison: a traditional caisson
tube / turbine
Saracinesche
Blocchi zavorra
Concrete
in calcestruzzo
5
2
Terra
ballast
+3.5
8
+0.3
0.45
0.8
2
massi guardiani
1
0.4
20
0.45
1.30
-1.65
3.4
0.33
2
3
And a REWEC3 caisson
II
1
5


F
8
+3.5
1
2
5
III
larghezza media
condotto: 2.5
0.7
4.5
2.3
III
0.5
2.5
3
20
Sez. I
II
Experiments in the NOEL
with the new management
of the Mediterranea University
(Spring 2009- Spring 2011)
Director:
Professor Felice Arena
Scientific Supervisor:
Professor Paolo Boccotti
NOEL exp 2009 a. Directional spectra in coastal area
measured by two gauges
The first experiment (of May 2009) dealt with the directional spectrum
recorded by wave gauges, either ultrasonic probes measuring the free
surface elevation or the transducers, measuring the wave pressure.
NOEL exp 2009 b/c. Sea wave forces on a vertical wall
The experiment dealt with the wave pressures
and the wave forces on vertical walls at sea.
This experiment was carried out for different
relative water depths, in May (exp b) and in
October-December, (exp c) to analyze the
extreme pressures and forces on the wall when
high waves occur. The wave force was measured by means of a set of pressure transducers,
on the mid vertical section of the wall.
NOEL exp spring 2009d. Hydrodynamic forces of sea waves on
horizontal submerged cylinders
At the end of September 2009 a new experiment started, to analyze the wave
forces on cylinders. The first experiment was carried out by considering a
vertical cylinder. The wave force is measured by means of a set of pressure
transducers in a horizontal section of the cylinder
z
0.75m
ultrasonic probes
1.8m
x
wave pressures
2.0m
1.45m
1.2m
NOEL exp spring 2010. Waves and QD in space-time domain
1.20m
In the spring of 2010, an experiment was carried out on
the wave group mechanics and statistics in space time
domain. The Boccotti’s Quasi-Determinism theory
predicts that the high waves during storms are joined in
groups; all wave groups with high waves have the same
characteristics and have similar changing during they
propagation. During this experiment, 26 wave gauges
were used for recording waves simultaneously. The result
is a full and spectacular validation of the QD theory. It
has been found that wave groups, when a very 0.0
high wave occurs (very high with respect to
the mean wave height), recorded in different
days, are very close to each other! A very
important consequence in ocean
-5.0m
engineering: freak waves (or giant waves)
during a storm have all the same
characteristics and have the same
15.0m
evolution during they propagation.
2
1
4
3
6
5
15.0m
8
7
10
9
horizontal beam
12
11
14
13
18
16
15
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
-2.0m
θ
22.0m
y
wave direction
y
NOEL exp autumn 2010-spring 2011. Hydrodynamic forces of sea
waves on horizontal submerged cylinders
In October 2010 a new experiment has
started, on hydrodynamic forces of sea
waves on horizontal submerged cylinders
(tunnels of pipelines). A submerged cylinder
is supported by the structure shown in the
picture (in the Northern part of the Lab). It is
possible to see two ultrasonic probes which
record the free surface displacement (red
circles). The forces on the cylinder are
recorded by means of eight pressure
transducers in the vertical mid section of the
submerged cylinder. It is the first experiment
in the world on sea wave forces on
submerged pipelines, carried out at sea with
techniques of laboratory
NOEL exp 2011. Waves and QD
in space-time domain in front of a
vertical breakwater
New experiments in NOEL during 2012:
1. Wave group mechanics and statistics in space time domain: a
new experiment in deep water.
2. OCEAN WAVE ENERGY A new small scale field experiment on a
REWEC3 device, with a turbine to produce electrical power from
ocean waves. Project POSEIDONE supported by Italian
government department on Environment (Rome, Italy) – in
collaboration with WAVENERGY.IT limited company
3. OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: a small scale experiment on supports
(fixed or floating) for wind energy devices, offshore
Selected papers on historical experiments in the natural ocean engineering laboratory (up to 2007)
P. Boccotti, G. Barbaro, L. Mannino, A field experiment on the mechanics of irregular gravity waves, Journal of
Fluid Mechanics, 252, 173-186, 1993
P. Boccotti, G. Barbaro, L. Mannino, V. Fiamma, A. Rotta, An experiment at sea on the reflection of the wind
waves, Ocean Engng., 20, 493-507, 1993
P. Boccotti, A field experiment on the small scale model of a gravity offshore platform, Ocean Engng., 22, 615627, 1995
P. Boccotti, Inertial wave loads on horizontal cylinders: a field experiment, Ocean Engng., 23, 629-648, 1996
P. Boccotti, A general theory of three-dimensional wave groups., Ocean Engng., 24, 265-300, 1997
F. Arena, Statistics of wave forces on large horizontal cylinders, Ocean Engng, 29/4, 359-372, 2002.
Arena, F. & Fedele, F. (2002). A family of narrow-band non-linear stochastic processes for the mechanics of
sea waves. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp 125-137
Boccotti, P., On a new wave energy absorber, Ocean Engineering, 30, 1191–1200, 2003
Arena, F. (2006). Interaction between long-crested random waves and a submerged horizontal cylinder.
Physics of Fluids, Vol. 18, Issue 7, paper 076602, pp. 1-9, doi: 10.1063/1.2213867
Boccotti P., Filianoti P, Fiamma V, Arena F., 2007. Caisson breakwaters embodying an OWC with a small
opening — Part II: A small-scale field experiment. Ocean Engineering. vol. 34, pp. 820-841 ISSN: 00298018.
Arena, F. & Filianoti, P. (2007) A small-scale field experiment on a submerged breakwater for absorbing wave
energy, ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, Volume 133, Issue 2, pp. 161167, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2007)133:2(161)
Boccotti P., 2008. Quasi-determinism theory of sea waves, ASME Journal Offshore Mechanics and Arctic
Engineering JOMAE, Vol. 130, pp. 1-9. paper 005802JOM (the paper was the invited lecture given at the
2006 OMAE Congress in Hamburg).
Selected papers on historical experiments in the natural ocean engineering laboratory (up to 1994)
Books
Boccotti, P., Idraulica Marittima, UTET, 1997, 1-522.
Boccotti, P., Wave Mechanics for Ocean Engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000.
Selected papers - ISI journals and books- on experiments in NOEL (2010-present)
Boccotti, P., Arena, F., V. Fiamma & G. Barbaro (2010) Drag and inertia coefficients for the Morison
equation, being obtained from a small scale field experiment, Computational Stochastic Mechanics.
Edited by G. Deodatis and P. D. Spanos, Research Publishing :: www.rpsonline.com.sg, ISBN: 978-98108-7619-7, pp. 116-123.
Boccotti, P. (2010) field experiment on random-wave forces on vertical cylinders. part i: possibility of
simulating the random process, Computational Stochastic Mechanics. Edited by G. Deodatis and P. D.
Spanos, Research Publishing :: www.rpsonline.com.sg, ISBN: 978-981-08-7619-7.
Arena, F. (2011) Nonlinear ocean wave groups with high waves, Instituto Superior Tecnico Anniversary Book
“Marine Technology and Engineering”, CRC Press/Balkema – Taylor & Francis Group, Vol. 1, pp. 5-20.
Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V., Romolo, A. & Barbaro, G. (2011) Estimation of mean spectral directions
in random seas, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 38, Issue 2-3, pp. 509–518
Boccotti, P. (2011) Field verification of quasi-determinism theory for wind waves in the space–time domain ,
Ocean Engineering, Vol. 38, Issue 13, September 2011, Pages 1503-1507
Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V., Romolo, A. & Barbaro, G. (2012) A small scale field experiment on wave
forces on upright breakwaters, ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering,
Vol. 138, Issue 2, pp. 97-114.
Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V., Barbaro, G. (2012) Field experiment on random-wave forces on vertical
cylinders, Probabilistic engineering mechanics, Vol. 28, pp. 39-51
Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V. (2012) Distributions of wave heights in time domain in stationary sea
states, accepted for publication in ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V., Romolo, A. (2012) Two small-scale field experiments on the
effectiveness of Morison’s equation, under revision in Ocean Engineering.
Italian newspapers
about NOEL activity on wave energy
Corriere
della Sera
21 giugno
2011
Pagina 33
la Repubblica
16 giugno 2011
Il Fatto Quotidiano
26 giugno 2011
For further information, please visit
www.noel.unirc.it
or contact the Director, Professor Felice Arena
(telephone +39 3355387968, Email: arena@unirc.it)
Thank you!

Professor Felice Arena

Transcription

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