Metodologia GORE(KAOS) para Engenharia de Requisitos

Transcription

Metodologia GORE(KAOS) para Engenharia de
Requisitos. Redes de Petri
August 20, 2014
Javier Martínez Silva
javsilva@usp.br
Departamento de Engenharia Mecatrônica
Universidade de São Paulo
São Paulo
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Agenda
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Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Requisitos. Redes de
Petri
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement Engineering
RE in planning problems
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Formal Representation
Refinements
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
Proposal of translation
to GHENeSys
Proposal over cyclelife of
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Proposal of translation to GHENeSys
Proposal over cyclelife of planning problem
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Introduction
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Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
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ENGENHARIA DO CONHECIMENTO
Introduction
2
Eliciação
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Problema,
Requisitos Inform,
Conhecimento do
domínio
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Especificação
Design
Sistema de
Informação
Validação
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Verificação
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
DOMÍNIO FORMAL
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
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Motivation...
L I
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Introduction
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Introduction
3
Eliciação
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Problema,
Requisitos Inform,
Conhecimento do
domínio
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Especificação
Design
Sistema de
Informação
Validação
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Verificação
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
DOMÍNIO FORMAL
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
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P
Motivation (cont)
L I
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Introduction
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Problemático
Fracasso
Bem sucedido
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Introduction
Motivation
4
Requirement
Engineering
53
50
46
KAOS
40
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
30
Agents
Operations in KAOS
31
20
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
10
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53
46
16
35
34
33
27
to GHENeSys
planning problem
51
44
40
Goals
49
28
26
29
28
37
15
18
19
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32
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1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
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Motivation (cont)
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Introduction
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Chaos Resolution by large and small projects
(2012)
Small Project
Large Project
Introduction
Motivation
5
Requirement
Engineering
20%
52%
KAOS
Goals
38%
76%
Refinements
4%
Roadef (2005)
Objects
10%
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Successful
Failed
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Challenged
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Small projects are defined as projects with less
than $1 million in labor content and large pojects
are considered projects with more than $10 million
in labor content
P
Motivation (cont).
L I
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Introduction
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failure
(%)
Introduction
Motivation
6
100
other causes
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
50
requirements - related
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
2003
1994
planning problem
2000
0
to GHENeSys
years
[J. Maresco, IBM developersWork, 2007]
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Motivation.
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Introduction
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failure
(%)
Introduction
Motivation
7
100
other causes
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
50
requirements - related
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
Dept. de Engenharia
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2003
1994
planning problem
2000
0
to GHENeSys
years
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What is it?
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Requirement Engineering
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Identify objectives & opportunities for new system
(system-to-be).
I
Define functionalities of, constraints on, responsibilities in
system-to-be.
I
Specify all of these in a requirements document.
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
8
KAOS
Goals
Software
Environment
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
+
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
(people, devices, other
softwares)
System
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What is RE about?
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Why?
domain
knowledge
Objectives
[rationale]
Introduction
Motivation
Operationalization
Requirement
Engineering
9
KAOS
Requirements
Goals
What?
Refinements
Assumptions
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
Responsability
assignment
planning problem
Who?
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Requirements in the planning-system
lifecycle
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
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Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
10
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
*Tiago S Vaquero, J Christopher Beck, Lee McCluskey, and
Reinaldo Silva. "KnowledgeEngineering for Planning &
Scheduling:Tools and Methods",2013.
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Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
11
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
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Metodologia
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Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
12
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
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Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
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Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
13
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
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Metodologia
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Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
14
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
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Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
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Petri
Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
15
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
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Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
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Petri
Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
16
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
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Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
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Petri
Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
17
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
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Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
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Petri
Modelagem
Text
do
Conhecimento
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Análise
do
Modelo
Preparação
do
Modelo
18
KAOS
Goals
Especificação
Text
de
Requisitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Análise e
Pós-Design
Text
do Plano/
Escalonador
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Síntese do
Text
Plano/
Escalonador
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How main planning tools implement
knowledge acquisition?
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
Ferramentas
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
19
KAOS
Goals
Modelo do domínio
DISCOPLAN
PDDL
EUROPA
Action Notation Modeling Language
GIPO
PDDL
FlowOpt
Work-Flow Modeling
itSIMPLE
UML
JABBAH
Business Process Management Notation
ModPlan
PDDL
VIZ
Non-Standard graphical diagrams
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
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How main planning tools implement
knowledge acquisition?
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
Ferramentas
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
20
KAOS
Goals
Modelo do domínio
DISCOPLAN
PDDL
EUROPA
Action Notation Modeling Language
GIPO
PDDL
FlowOpt
Work-Flow Modeling
itSIMPLE
UML
JABBAH
Business Process Management Notation
ModPlan
PDDL
VIZ
Non-Standard graphical diagrams
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
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São Paulo
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KAOS father
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Google acadêmico
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
21
Goals
Professor of Computing Science, ICTEAM
Institute, EPL, Université catholique de Louvain
Software engineering - requirements
rengineering - system modeling - high
Axel Van
assurance systems - formal methods
Lamsweerde
Todos
Desde 2009
Citações
Índice h
10431
36
4872
29
Índice i10
51
39
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
928
planning problem
0
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1993
1996
2002
2008
2014
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KAOS:goal-oriented, model-driven RE
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Introduction
Interviews
Motivation
existing
systems
Requirement
Engineering
Keep
KAOS
Documents
All
Objectives
Satisfied
22
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
modeling
analysis
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
ObjetivER
StarUML
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
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".html"
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Generation of
RE deliverables
".rtf"
".pdf"
".mif"
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Goals categories
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Goal
Introduction
Motivation
functional
Requirement
Engineering
not-functional
KAOS
Goals
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quality
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
safety
Objects
Agents
accuracy
performance
Operations in KAOS
desenvolvimento
to GHENeSys
planning problem
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deadline
maintenance
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Goal types
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Achieve
1
...
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Current
Condition
...
Target
Condition
...
KAOS
Goals
24
2
...
Refinements
Maintain
Current
Condition
Good
Condition
Good
Condition
Good
Condition
...
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Time
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Achieve [TargetCondition]
Maintain [GoodCondition]
[if CurrentCondition then]
[if CurrentCondition then]
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sooner_or_later TargetCondition
always GoodCondition
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KAOS Diagrams
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WHY
HOW
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
WHO
25
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
ON WHAT
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WHAT
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KAOS as modeling language
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Modeling
Language
Modeling
Language
Formal
Language
LTL
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
KAOS
26
Graphical
Language
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
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Goal
Objects
Operations
Agents
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The goals take the general formal form:
C ⇒ ΘT
Introduction
where:
• C is the current condition
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
•
Goals
27
•
Refinements
T is the target condition
Θ represents a LTL operator such as:
Roadef (2005)
–
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
–
to GHENeSys
planning problem
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: In the next state.
♦: Sometimes in the future. [♦≤d: Some-
times in the future before deadline d].
: Always in the future. [≤d: Always in
the future up to deadline d]
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KAOS formally (cont)
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Goal BehaviorType GoalName
Def Informal textual definition
Introduction
Motivation
of the goal
Requirement
Engineering
[ FormalSpec : LTL sentences]
KAOS
Goals
28
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Example:
Objects
Agents
Goal Achieve CarPaintedWhenTransported
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
Def
A car must be painted at any time when is on
painting area.
planning problem
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FormalSpec ∀c : Car, pa : P aintingArea
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On(c, pa) ⇒ ♦c.painted = 0true0
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Main elements of Goal diagram
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R, E, D ` G
“In view of properties D of the domain, the
requirements R will achieve goals G under
expectations E”
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
29
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
Requirement: Goal assigned to single agente in
software-to-be.
Expectation: Goal assigned to single agente in
environment.
Domain properties: Descriptive statements about
environment(physical laws,
organizational policies)
planning problem
Requirement
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Expectation
Domain
properties
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An AND-refinement of goal G into subgoals
G1, . . . , Gn states that G can be satisfied by
satisfying G1, . . . , Gn
Metodologia
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• the set is called refinement of
Introduction
Motivation
• the subgoal
Requirement
Engineering
An OR-refinement of goal G into refinements
R1, . . . , Rm m states that G can be satisfied by
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
G
Gi is said to contribute positively to G
30
Roadef (2005)
satisfying all subgoals in any of the alternative
refinements Ri
• the refinement
Objects
Agents
Ri is called alternative for G
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
G
planning problem
AND
G1
G2
G3
OR
Ag
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G6
G5
...
G7
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Refinements. Example
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G1,G2,G3 refinement of G.
G
G6,G7 alternatives of G3.
Introduction
Motivation
G1
G2
G3
Requirement
Engineering
Ag1
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
31
G4
G6
G5
G7
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Ag2
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
G2,G4 expectations of
agents Ag1 and Ag2.
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
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São Paulo
Ag3
G5,G6,G7 requirements
of agents Ag3.
60
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AND-refinement patterns. Example
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Milestone-Driven
CÞàT
Introduction
T:Cars painted.
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
M:Cars transported.
KAOS
CÞàM
Goals
Refinements
Example:
C:Request was received.
MÞàT
32
Cars painted when a
request was received
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Cars transported when
a request was received
60
Cars painted when
were transported
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OR-refinement of goals. Patterns.
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Case-Driven
CÞàT
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
K1ÚK2ÞàC: K1ÞàC,
ÚK2ÞàC.Then:
K1ÞàT, K2ÞàT.
Rule generalization
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
33
CÞàK1
CÞàK2
K1ÚK2Ú...ÚKnÞàT.
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
T:Ambullance mobilized
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
C:Ambullance allocated
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
K1ÚK2Ú...ÚKnÞàC:
Ambulance mobilized
when allocated
K1: Ambullance on road
60
K2: Ambullance at Allocated ambullance
movilized when is on
station.
road
Allocated ambullance
movilized when is
at station
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P
Goal links
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I
Introduction
Links relate goals to
I
Other goals
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
I
AND/OR refinement ⇒ goal contributions
I
conflict ⇒ resolutions
KAOS
Goals
I
Refinements
Other sumodels ⇒ traceability
34
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
I
reference → objects
I
responsibility → agents
I
operationalization → operations
I
coverage → scenarios
I
obstruction → obstacles
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
60
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Conceptual Objects
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Structural view of the system being modeled
I
Object = set of instances of system-specific concept
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
I
Can be distinctly identified & enumerated
I
Share similar features (attributes, associations)
I
Have specific behaviors from state to state
Goals
Refinements
35
I
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Object specializations (at meta level):
I
Entity: autonomous object
I
Association: object dependent on objects it links
I
Event: instantaneous object
I
Agent: active object, controls behaviors
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
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Example of Goal Diagram.
(2005)
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
Roadef
Ach [Pedido pronto pra
entrega quando uma
ordem foi recebida]
Introduction
Motivation
KAOS
Ach [Carros
agrupados segundo
caract. espec]
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Ach [Carros montados
na área de montagem
uma vez foram pintados]
Ach [Carros pintados
quando uma ordem foi
recebida]
Requirement
Engineering
Ach [Carros
montados uma vez
agrupados]
36
Operário
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
Ach [Carros
transportados qdo
ordem foi recebida]
Ach [Carros
pintados uma vez
na área de pintura]
Assembler
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Ach [Carros foram
agrupados segundo
limite pistola]
Ach [Carros
transportados qdo
foram agrupados]
Ach [A pistola de
spray lavada com
solvente]
Transporter
60
Mtn [A pistola de
spray com pintura
uma vez lavada]
Spray Gun
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The object model is derivable from the
goal model
Ach [Car assambled on assembly area when
it is painted]
FormalDef:"c:Cars, as:Assembly Area
Painted(c)ÙOn(c,as)Þàcar.assembled='true'
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
37
Objects
Agents
Car
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
Assembly Area
painted: Boolean
planning problem
assembled: Boolean
Dept. de Engenharia
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São Paulo
On
60
countCars: Integer
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goal mode (cont)
Ach [Car painted on when one request was
received in the factory]
FormalDef:"c:Cars, r:Request, f:factory
ReceiveReq(r,f)Þàcar.painted='true'
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
38
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
Request
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Factory
countCar:Integer
specialCar: SpecialCarUnit
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Receive
60
plan:PlanUnit
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Engenharia de
Petri
Request
Factory
1
Receive
plan:PlanUnit
1
count_car:Integer
espec_feat:Espec_Feat
1
1
Introduction
Motivation
1
Has
Goals
Refinements
39
1
1
1
Agents
Assembler
Operations in KAOS
follow
At Has
id:Integer
60
1
id:Integer
Car
planning problem
Transporter
1
has
1
SprayGun
1
id:Integer
limit:Integer
has_paint:Boolean
state:StateUnit
1
*
to GHENeSys
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
1
At
Objects
1 Has1
count_car:Integer
count_car:Integer
1
Gun
Painted Area
Assembly Area
KAOS
Roadef (2005)
Has
Has
Requirement
Engineering
1
painted:Boolean
anssembled:Boolean
1
Satisfies
*
Special Features
special_features:Spec_FeatUnit
*
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Conceptual objects & current instances
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I
Built-in semantic relation:
I
Introduction
InstanceOf (o, Ob) iff o is currently an instance of Ob.
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
I
Every concept must be defined by a Def annotation
making it precise the conditions for an individual to satisfy
InstanceOf (o, Ob).
I
Other object features:
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
40
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
60
I
attributes, associations ⇒ state of object instance.
I
domain invariants = domain properties.
I
inititial state when InstanceOf (o, Ob) becomes true.
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Agent = role (rather than individual), responsible for goal
achievement
I
Introduction
safe plane transportation: pilot, passanger, on-board
plane controller, tracking system, station computer,...
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
I
Agent Types:
I
KAOS
I
Goals
I
software (software-to-be, legacy software)
devices
humans
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
41
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
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(people, devices, other
softwares)
60
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Goal realizability by an agent
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A goal G is realizable by agent ag iff ...
I
given ag’s monitoring & control capabilities it is possible
for ag alone to satisfy G without more restrictions than
required by G.
I
there exists a transition system TSag = (Init, Next) on
variables monitored & controlled by ag such that
RUN(TSag ) = HISTORIES(G)
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
monitored var:
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
42
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
measuredLimit
controlled var:
SprayGun
count_car_painted
Ach [A pistola de spray lavada com
solvente]
planning problem
Spray Gun
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Mecatrônica
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Goal realizability by an agent (cont)
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An agent is modeled & specified by its features ...
I
Name, Def
I
(Attributes/associations, DomInvar/Init → object model)
I
Type: software or environment agent
I
Responsibility: links to goal model
I
Monitoring, Control: links to object model
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
I
43
state variables = attributes, associations from object model
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
60
I
Performs: links to operation model
I
Dependency links to other agents for goal achievement or
successful operation performance
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AccurateEstimate
OfSpeed&Position
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
SafeCommand
Message
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
44
Tracking
System
Dependency
Speed&Accel
Controller
CommandSent
InTime
Operations in KAOS
Train
MeasuredSpeed
MeasuredLoc
CommandSpeed
CommandAccel
Command
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
CurrentSpeed
CurrentLoc
Responsability
60
SentCommand
Performance
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Introduction
I
Functional view of the system being modeled: what
services are to be provided? (statics).
I
Operation Op:
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
I
relation Op ⊆ InputState × OutputState.
I
Op must operationalize underlying goals (proof obligation).
I
Op applications define state transitions (events)
I
concurrent with others.
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
45
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
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Mecatrônica
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60
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Specifying operations in KAOS
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Name,Def
I
DomPre: condition characterizing the class of input states
in the domain.
I
DomPost: condition characterizing the class of output
states in the domain
I
Links to other models: Operationalization (goals),
Input/Output (objects), Performance (agent).
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
46
Pistola de Spray
lavada com solvente
Carros transportados
qdo foram agrupados
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Lavar pistola
Dept. de Engenharia
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São Paulo
60
Pintar
Transportar
Carros
Agrupar
Carros
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Example of Goal Diagram.
(2005)
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
Roadef
Ach [Pedido pronto pra
entrega quando uma
ordem foi recebida]
Introduction
Motivation
Ach [Carros montados
na área de montagem
uma vez foram pintados]
Ach [Carros pintados
quando uma ordem foi
recebida]
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Ach [Carros
agrupados segundo
caract. espec]
Goals
Refinements
Ach [Carros
montados uma vez
agrupados]
Roadef (2005)
Operário
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
Ach [Carros
transportados qdo
ordem foi recebida]
Ach [Carros
pintados uma vez
na área de pintura]
Assembler
Proposal of translation 47
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Ach [Carros foram
agrupados segundo
limite pistola]
Ach [Carros
transportados qdo
foram agrupados]
Ach [A pistola de
spray lavada com
solvente]
Transporter
60
Mtn [A pistola de
spray com pintura
uma vez lavada]
Spray Gun
d-l @ b
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Translation from Goal
GHENeSys structures
Model
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
Agente
Introduction
Pseudo lugar&arco
habilitador
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Objetivo
KAOS
Goals
Lugar
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objetivo de
comportamento
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
Macro lugar
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Propriedade do
domínio
60
Pseudo lugar&arco
habilitador
to
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Translation from Goal Model
GHENeSys structures (cont)
Refinamento-and
Obj1
Obj
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Obj2
Obj1
KAOS
Goals
Obj
Obj2
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Refinamento-or
Objects
Agents
Obj1
Obj
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Obj2
Obj1
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60
Obj2
Obj
to
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to
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
Milestone-Drive
Ag1
Introduction
Motivation
CÞàM
CÞàT
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
CÞàM
Roadef (2005)
Objects
MÞàT
CÞàT
Agents
Operations in KAOS
MÞàT
to GHENeSys
Ag1
planning problem
Ag2
Ag2
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GHENeSys structures.Example
Transporter
Carros prontos para
serem transportados
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Carros
Agrupados
Operario
KAOS
Goals
Carros
Transportados qdo
ordem recebida
Pistola lavada
con solvente
Refinements
SprayGun
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Pistola enchida com
pintura qdo lavada
Operations in KAOS
Carros prontos para
serem pintados
Carros
pintados
to GHENeSys
Carros agrupados
segundo caract_espec
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Assembler
60
Carros prontos para
serem montados
Pedido pronto
para ser entregue
Carros
Montados
to
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Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
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Place/Transition Petri Net.Pipe v2.5
to
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Proposal of use of KAOS in lifecycle
planning problem
itSIMPLE
Especificação
do problema
Introduction
Passo 1: Criar e desenvolver o
modelo do domínio de planejamento.
Modelos em
KAOS
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Passo 2: Traduzir os modelos KAOS
numa rede de Petri.
KAOS
Goals
Rede de
Petri
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Passo 3: Exportar a rede de Petri a
ser analisada.
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Passo 5: Obter o modelo do domínio
traduzido em pnml.
53
Sentença
PDDL
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Planos
resultantes
60
Passo 6: Gerar os planos
GHENeSys
Modelo pnml da
rede importado
Passo 4: Análise da
rede de Petri
Reporte da
análise da rede
de Petri
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Proposal of use of KAOS in lifecycle
planning problem.Perspective
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
KAOS
XML
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
Redes de Petri
KAOS
PDDL
Goals
60
S
o/Es íntese d
o
calo
nado
r
Anál
do P ise e pó
s
lano
/Esc -design
alon
ador
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
54
Plan
planning problem
Prep
ar
do m ação
odel
o
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
An
do m álise
odel
o
Agents
Mod
e
Con lagem do
heci
men
to
Objects
Espe
c
de R ificação
equi
sitos
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
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Proposal of Method for Requirement Engineering
1. Domain analysis: define and refine goals with two goals
diagrams (functional and not-functional)
1.1 Boundary between system planning and problem domain.
1.2 Responsibility analysis: agent assignment.
1.3 Risk & conflict analysis
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
2. To derive structure objects
KAOS
2.1 Planning system: enriched objects from behaviour goals
link with it.
2.2 Resulting in whole class diagram of the system.
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
3. Operationalization & behavior analysis of goals.
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
55
3.1 How alter objects (IN/OUT)
3.2 For each operation to define constraints.
4. Behavior model synthesis
Dept. de Engenharia
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60
4.1 To define a petri Net for each operation.
4.2 To create positive scenario.
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KAOS lies in a Requirement Engineering methodology.
I
Graphical and formal mechanism with representations for
all elements.
I
Possibility of manage conflicts between goals.
I
Traceability → A noticeable mechanism to produce a
Class diagram
I
Completeness → Class diagram
I
Temporal constraints.
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
I
56
I
Cover objectives more than a simple class.
Using a formal representation from early phase.
Article: A UML profile to support requirements engineering with
KAOS.
60
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And now.. what about the specification?
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Introduction
Motivation
Eliciação
Requirement
Engineering
Problema,
Requisitos Inform,
Conhecimento do
domínio
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Validação
Roadef (2005)
Especificação:
Design
KAOS!
Objects
Agents
Verificação
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Sistema de
Informação
DOMÍNIO FORMAL
57
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What a requirement engineering need to
know?
Search for intentional & prescriptive keywords in
documents available, interview transcripts, etc
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
I
in order to, so as to, so that, ...
I
has to, must, to be, must be, shall, ensure, want, motivate,
expected to,...
I
purpose, objective, aim, concern, ...
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
I
Refinement links: “in order to X the system has to Y “
I
Lógica temporal knowledges.
I
Refinement patterns.
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
58
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Tool and key reference
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Requirements Engineering:
From System Goals to UML Models to
Software Specifications
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
REquirements & SPECification
KAOS
Goals
Techniques for Information Technology
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Spin out of UCL (University of Louvain-Belgium).
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
Scientific Advisor: Prof. Axel Van Lamswerde.
to GHENeSys
planning problem
59
Main activities:
Consultancy service in GORE.
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
Tool Editor
60
d-l @ b
P
P
L I
- U
S
O
AB
DE
S
I GN - L
Metodologia
GORE(KAOS) para
Engenharia de
Petri
Introduction
Motivation
Requirement
Engineering
KAOS
Goals
Refinements
Roadef (2005)
Objects
Agents
Operations in KAOS
to GHENeSys
planning problem
Dept. de Engenharia
Mecatrônica
São Paulo
60
60
Tool and key reference (cont)
Thanks for your attention!

Metodologia GORE(KAOS) para Engenharia de Requisitos

Transcription

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