Winter 2007 - The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Transcription
Winter 2007 - The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Also in this issue: WINTER / 2007 Your BIG or small Donation will make an Impact ! The Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (RS) has been providing highquality internationally benchmarked entry-level education to occupational therapists and physiotherapists for 28 years. Our graduates are competent professionals serving clients in Hong Kong, Mainland China, and many other countries. We also offer excellent opportunities to practitioners and researchers for pursuing further education from a disciplinaryspecific or multidisciplinary perspective in rehabilitation sciences. In order to achieve its mission of providing high-quality education and mediating professional development, our Department still has a lot to do in the future. Your support is vital to facilitate this process! Please offer your support by making a donation. Your donation, no matter whether big or small, will make an impact on the future of rehabilitation in Hong Kong and throughout the world. RS department participates in the HK Int'l Medical & Health Care Fair 2007 p.8-9 Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Touching lives, making an impact RS Commencement Ceremony 2007-08 WINTER / 2007 p.11-13 Cover Story Occupational Therapy in Primary Health Care : A new elective subject in the undergraduate curriculum Dr. Kenneth Fong & Dr. Andrew Siu Assistant Professors A Donation Form Name: Prof. / Dr. / Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. / Miss Address: Contact Tel. No.: Email: Company: Position: Year of Graduation: (For RS alumni only) Donation Amount: 16 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University I wish to contribute to the development of RS; please allocate my donation for the following purpose(s). (Please add a “✓” where appropriate) ❏ Research conducted by RS ❏ RS student development ❏ At the discretion of RS ❏ Other (Please specify): Please make your cheque payable to: THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY and mail it to: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Signature: Date: ** A donation receipt will be issued by the University for tax deduction purposes The new elective t present, occupational subject "OT in Primary therapists mainly Health Care" was first provide hospital-based launched to Year 3 OT rehabilitation services students in the first under the Hospital semester of the 2007/08 Authority, or provide academic year. The aim of community-based this course is to introduce rehabilitation under the principles of primary Non-Governmental healthcare, and the roles Organisations (NGOs). and functions of Over the past five years, occupational therapists in there has been a slow but primary healthcare, using gradual increase in the local and overseas involvement of examples. We expect occupational therapists in students to apply primary healthcare, such knowledge and skills as in the areas of home learned in the subject to safety for elderly people, develop and evaluate health lifestyle redesign, healthy Field visits to the Lam Tin Elderly Health Centre, Elderly Health Services, promotion programmes at workplaces, healthy Department of Health. the primary, secondary and schools, self-management tertiary levels of prevention. In primary prevention, we discuss programmes and community mental health. Primary health care examples such as the role of OT in healthy schools, healthy is the first point of contact where individuals and their families workplaces, home safety education programmes for seniors, are subject to a continuing healthcare process, which aims at retirement planning and leisure development for elderly workers, avoiding hospitalisation and improving their health (Hong Kong and handwriting training for children. In secondary prevention, Government, 2006). Occupational Therapy (OT) contributes to the aim is to reduce the duration of disorders occurring in a primary healthcare by promoting health, preventing injury and population at risk; we discuss OT involvement in areas of health addressing occupational performance issues to promote holistic promotion intervention for adolescents with substance abuse, well-being in physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual homemakers, the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and aspects. With the increasing trend for our OT graduates to work adults with mental health problems. In tertiary prevention, we in the community, we adapted our curriculum to widen their discuss solutions designed for disabled individuals in the competencies and prepare them to work in a community setting. community, such as models and programmes of lifestyle redesign, One of the latest moves of the department was to offer a subject and self-management for people with disability or chronic illness. that tapped into the context of primary healthcare. WINTER / 2007 This course consists of lectures, tutorials and seminars, which are used to equip students with current knowledge about theories and practices of OT in primary healthcare; and three field visits, which are used to enhance students' understanding of OT practice in primary healthcare settings in Hong Kong. We arranged for students to visit the Health Promotion Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong at the Lek Yuen Health Centre, the Centre on Health & Wellness of the Hong Kong Society for Rehabilitation at Lam Tin and the Lam Tin Elderly Health Centre at Lam Tin Community Complex, one of the new centres run by the Department of Health. During these visits, there were talks by experienced occupational therapists in the field, regarding the OT service in the primary healthcare setting, the nature of clients and the roles of the occupational therapists providing the service. Students were required to submit reports of clinical visits, and design and present a primary healthcare programme to address the health promotion needs of specific target groups. Reference: Hong Kong Government (2006). Hong Kong Yearbook 2006: Hong Kong: Government Printing Department. In a different culture - SHANGHAI PLACEMENT Lau King Fung, Simon Year 2 Occupational Therapy student I Talks by Ms. Mariana Lee (middle) and Ms. Cherry Chau (right), occupational therapists, during the visit to the Elderly Health Services, Department of Health Student's Activities Special Olympics 2007 in Shanghai thank the RS department and Preferred Graduate Development Programme of Student Affair Office for giving us a precious opportunity to have a six-week placement in Shanghai. There were four occupational therapy students (Iris, Kabo, Dorothy and myself ) and two physiotherapy students (Mandy and Eric) on placement at the BoAi Children's Rehabilitation Centre. This centre is the first of its kind in Shanghai. The centre has a story behind it; the founder (who is now the principal of the centre) is an admirable mother who has a child with cerebral palsy. In terms of clinical practice, we were assigned to work in rooms where different treatment modalities were Janice Tsang Year 3 Physiotherapy student It was an honour to be selected to be in the Student Delegation of the Special Olympics 2007 in Shanghai from October 1 to 5, 2007. The Student Delegation included 31 university undergraduate or master's students from different cities in Mainland China. During the five days of our stay in Shanghai, we attended several major events at which we met athletes and other people from all over the world. First, we saw processes including screening of the athletes' health and fitness status, and health promotion in the Ribbon Cutting Ceremony at the Healthy Athletes Venue. Then we attended the opening ceremony and parade of athletes in Shanghai Stadium on the night of October 2. Almost 7,500 athletes from over 160 countries participated in the opening ceremony, and this spectacular event started the Special Olympics 2007, which then lasted for nine days. We were also invited to attend a Global Policy Summit on "The Well-being of People with Intellectual Disabilities", at which leaders in the field from around the world discussed the status of people with intellectual 2 disabilities, with a focus on sports activity as a means to advance their development and mental well-being. There were opportunities for us to exchange ideas with the leaders and athletes during the summit reception. There are 25 different Olympic-type sporting events in the Special Olympics. Due to the tight schedule, we only had the opportunity to be at the basketball competition, held at one of the 24 sports venues. I was extremely impressed by the players' performances! In addition to the memorable experiences that I had at different events of the Special Olympics 2007, the trip was fruitful and meaningful because it was a great opportunity for cultural exchange with students from Mainland China. Shanghai has been a great success as the host city for this international event. We all look forward to the Olympic Games, which are to be held in Beijing in 2008! practice and to experience a different culture. This experience has further stimulated my interest in studying occupational therapy, which is a very worthwhile profession. provided. I worked in the sensory integration room and had the chance to provide assessments and treatments for children with different kinds of developmental disabilities such as autism, Downs syndrome and mental retardation. This hands-on experience gave me a better understanding of children with disabilities. The staff treated us as their friends. I was very honoured to be invited to the home of a member of staff and enjoyed a hearty dinner. We visited every famous scenic spot; in particular, we visited the special buildings next to the Huangpu River and the Oriental Pearl TV Tower. We indulged ourselves in the renowned tasty steamed dumpling in the Yuyuan Garden and rested beside the peaceful West Lake in Hang Zhou. It was an unforgettable experience, which gave me the opportunity to transfer classroom knowledge into clinical 3 WINTER / 2007 WELCOME to our overseas friends! A journey into physiotherapy and beyond Lo Chiu Ping, Pinky; Wong Pik Yan, Jenny; Yu Shuk Yiu,Yoyo & Lau King Fung, Simon Year 2 Occupational Therapy students T his summer, three OT students, namely Shelley and Caitlin (from South Australia) and Judith (from Vienna), came to Hong Kong for their clinical placements. We were very honoured to be from Canada to Hong Kong Bo Siu Exchange student from MScPT, University of Toronto My experience of an international clinical internship at the Rehab Clinic allowed positive self-development within a The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) was a unique collective student exchange programme. As the only journey for me. final-year PT student in this group, I was able to strengthen On my arrival my critical thinking and teaching skills as well as gain from Canada, valuable insights about the similarities and differences of I had high physiotherapy and foreign cultures from the perspectives of expectations of the other students. At first, I was concerned that our student myself, as a group exceeded the standard student-to-clinical-educator final-year ratios familiar to me in Canada. However, we all developed physiotherapy the flexibility to work together as a team and manage (PT) student, in independent caseloads simultaneously. I built on my skills in demonstrating self-directed learning and integrating within a dynamic a certain working environment through this diverse student standard of environment of the Rehab Clinic. My student ambassadors helped me a lot practice In addition, various off-site activities were during my stay. (Jack Shaylor, an exchange during my arranged that enhanced my PT student experience, such as student from Leeds Metropolitan University, five-week an attachment to the MacLehose Medical Rehabilitation is on my right.) placement at Centre, on-field practice with a first division football league, the Rehabilitation Clinic. Although I set out with these in-service sessions and laboratory visits to the Department expectations, fortunately this narrow perspective was of Rehabilitation Sciences. These provided interesting widened by exposure to the clinical and cultural settings of encounters with community physiotherapists, new PT Hong Kong. My physiotherapy practice was definitely an students and faculty researchers excited to share innovative important reason for coming to Hong Kong; however, ideas and recent developments. I would soon learn that being an overseas student is filled Opportunities for learning extended beyond my with challenges that develop many different skills and offer interactions on campus. During weekends, my pursuit of special opportunities. adventure took me to Repulse Bay for relaxing, fun water Immediately, I needed my activities; Lantau Island to see the navigation skills to commute successfully spectacular big Buddha; and from where I had accommodation in exhilarating moments of night life Kennedy Town to the Rehabilitation and eating with great new (Rehab) Clinic on PolyU campus. This acquaintances and friends. commute became a daily City Bus trip via To my amazement, my trip the Cross Harbour Tunnel, filled with to Hong Kong for physiotherapy sights of lively people and experiences practice turned out to be an of Hong Kong, while I made mental notes incredible journey filled with of attractive shopping and eating areas to experiences that have influenced my visit. During clinical hours, my professional and personal growth. adaptability and communication skills The exchange programme of the Lunch with Samantha Jones and Natasha were essential to achieve effective Department of Rehabilitation patient interaction and collaboration with Thomas from Oxford Brookes University, Sciences offers a unique opportunity and Jack. other clinicians. for physiotherapy to become a Furthermore, the arrival of three students from the global practice and will have a continuing positive impact on UK and one local student to share the clinical internship at the student before and beyond graduation. 4 The authors and their overseas friends. the student ambassadors chosen to give them a warm welcome. We played badminton, table tennis and snooker, and they were really great players. Visiting Temple Street and enjoying casserole rice in the street gave them a taste of local culture. The greatest event of our gathering was the party, which was held in the student hall. It is their tradition to have a farewell party for friends. In the evening, we had a lot of sharing, with them showing us their family pictures and their collection of art. We taught them our camp dance and games, and everyone enjoyed the evening. Being a student ambassador is a great way to meet people from different cultures. We were impressed by their outgoing and passionate personalities. They love travelling, camping and making friends from different backgrounds. They told us that they had chosen this profession because they want to help clients directly. As an occupational therapist, being optimistic and cheerful has a more positive impact on clients and we saw these characteristics in them. We believe that they will be very competent occupational therapists. We wish them every success in their future careers! My unforgettable learning experience in an NGO setting Chan Ching Yan, Candy Year 3 Physiotherapy student Time flies; four weeks passed so Centre where rehabilitation classes are quickly. Though it was short, it held specially designed for people was a very valuable placement for suffering from parkinsonism or diabetes me in my final year of study as a mellitus. We were also given the chance to physiotherapy student. The staff learn Tai Chi and Ai Chi exercises with staff in Community Rehabilitation and clients. It was a very interesting Network were all nice and helpful, experience, and understanding the various especially our clinical educator, needs of the community rehabilitation Ms. Lavin Wong, who became a services has helped prepare us for our role model of showing care and future careers. The self-help group concern for clients. During this (through hydrotherapy training) that was placement, we had opportunities formed by clients with rheumatoid arthritis My respected clinical educator, Ms. Lavinia Wong, to demonstrate exercises and and systemic lupus erythematosus were and my classmate Joe Ho. conduct hydrotherapy classes, valuable too, as we could gain a deeper and participate in the organisation and delivery of the understanding of the difficulties these groups of clients were Occupational Safety & Health sessions, Cardiac facing from a biopsychosocial perspective. Rehabilitation courses and Stroke Rehabilitation Workshops. This placement not only allowed me to learn more We held various attachments throughout this placement, about the daily routine of an NGO, but also gave me a thanks to the careful planning of our clinical exposure by our wonderful chance to share the various feelings of people clinical educator. We went to the Day Care Rehabilitation with chronic diseases or illnesses. 5 WINTER / 2007 Summer Tai Chi programme in the community Joint PolyU / Harvard University Student Volunteer Programme 2007 Serving orphanages in Fuzhou, China Wincy Ng Year 3 Occupational Therapy student Cheri Yuen Year 3 Occupational Therapy student [Participant of the Sharing Session] I gained a better understanding of the Harvard China Care and PolyU collaborative project after attending the sharing session in late August. Armed with the same aspirations, students from PolyU and Harvard University served the children in an orphanage in Fuzhou in the summer of 2007. I was impressed by the students' creativity and I am sure the children had a great time doing all the fantastic activities: arts & crafts workshops, English classes, OT sessions, dance groups, and so on, not to mention the exciting games and outings! As a participant of the sharing session, I think that this project is very meaningful to the children in the orphanage, who are unfortunately deprived of social activities, interactions with society and most importantly, love and care. I also feel that students from both PolyU and Harvard University perceived this collaborative project as an invaluable opportunity to bond and work with others from different backgrounds, cultures and professions, and who used different methods of handling situations. L ast summer holiday, a group of Year 2 OT students (now Year 3 students) participated in a two-week Tai Chi course with the aim of practising Tai Chi with participants with mental handicap from the Tung Wah Group Hospital's Mok Law Sui Wah Integrated Vocational Rehabilitation Centre. This programme was supported by a grant from the SAO's Community Service Learning Programme. We were glad to see that over 30 OT students and participants from Tung Wah Group Hospital joined the class. We all had to attend the pre-class practice sessions because we would be the mentors who guided the participants with mental handicap in Tai Chi. The pre-class practice sessions attracted many OT students. Throughout the two-week course, all mentors and participants enjoyed the classes very much. The mentors did their best to facilitate the learning process, and the participants made their greatest effort to learn the Tai Chi positions. The outcome of this Tai Chi programme was surprisingly good; most of the participants had learnt almost all the Tai Chi positions. It was great to see that this programme was so successful. 6 Aki, Jenny, Jessie, Anthony and Grand (student volunteers) with the children in an outing activity. 7 WINTER / 2007 RS Activities July 11, 2007 Dr. Julian Chan from the School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering of Nanyang Technological University visited the department. Visits to the Department July 20, 2007 A group of 40 HKU SPACE students visited the department and attended an information seminar of the OT and PT programmes. Aug 24, 2007 A group of 30 S.K.H. Lui Ming Choi Secondary School students visited the department and attended an information seminar of the OT and PT programmes. Sept 25, 2007 Prof. Maureen Simmonds from the School of Physical and Occupational Therapy of McGill University visited the department. Sept 18-26, 2007 The representatives from the China Rehabilitation Research Centre (CRRC) visited the department. RS department participates in the Hong Kong International Medical and Health Care Fair 2007 The RS department took part in the Hong Kong International Medical and Health Care Fair 2007, which was held in the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre August 16-20, 2007. The theme of the RS booth was "Participation in Life", demonstrating how Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy relate to different stages of life. In the booth, RS offered free on-site health checks and seminars to the public. Five research teams of RS participated in the exhibition: the Sports Team led by Dr. Simon Yeung, the Brain Care Team led by Dr. David Man, the Handwriting Difficulties Research Team led by Dr. Cecilia Li, the Neuroscience Research Team led by Prof. Chetwyn Chan, and the Health and Exercise Research Team led by Prof. Alice Jones. The corner of the RS booth. 8 The kick-off ceremony of the booth. A woman trying the flexibility test. 9 WINTER / 2007 RS Commencement Ceremony 2007-08 (August 30, 2007) Birthday Lunch for Ms Serena Yang (September 15, 2007) Applied Electrophysiology ERP Training Programme (July 16-18, 2007) Donors and friends of RS at the commencement ceremony. Students presented with the Outstanding Academic Achievement award at the commencement ceremony 2007. Outstanding Academic Achievement MSc in Geriatric Rehabilitation Chan Ho Lam, Karen Chan Tsz Hang (Year 1) Kwan Wai Fong Chan Wai Yi Kwong Wai Hang (Year 1) Chik Shok Hang, Fanita Chan Yuk Ying Wong Cheuk Yan, Collins (Year 1) Chan Fung Ying, Doris Fong Ka Chun Chau Sui Pan (Year 1) Chow Ka Man Ko Yung Ching Ng Cheuk Chi (Year 2) Ngai King Yi MSc HC (Rehabilitation of People with Development Disabilities) Chan Mei Po MSc in HC (Physiotherapy) Wong Kam Man Chow Pui Yee BSc (Hons) in Physiotherapy Wong Kwai Lan Wong Yin Lam (Year 1) Lai Ka Man Wong Hock Wing, Winnie (Year 1) Auw-Yang Ching Ngai Cheung Hiu Chun (Year 1) Ku Siu Ting (Year 2) Chee Swee Haw (Year 2) Lam Wing Sze, Cecilia (Year 3) BSc (Hons) in Occupational Therapy Jim Chung Ho (Year 1) Yuen Miu Ching (Year 2) Lee Cheuk Ying, Cherling (Year 3) Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association All-round Outstanding Student Award 2006/07 PT Wong Hock Wing, Winnie (Year 1) 10 Cheung Hiu Chun (Year 1) Ku Siu Ting (Year 2) 11 WINTER / 2007 Cynthia Tang Memorial Scholarship 2007/08 Hong Kong Occupational Therapy Association Outstanding Academic Award 2006/07 OT OT Au Soi Sang (Year 1) Yuen Miu Ching (Year 2) Chan Pui Yee (Year 3) Zhuang Yue (Year 1) Zhang Yan (Year 1) Dr. Kong Footcare Physiotherapy Professional Promotion Scholarship Dr. Lee Sai Wing Memorial Scholarship 2007/08 PT Hong Kong Physiotherapy Concern Group (Year 3) PT OT Tsang Yui Ling, Janice (Year 2) Yuen Miu Ching (Year 2) Dr. Kong Footcare Outstanding Business Plan Scholarship Serena Yang Student Overseas Training Scholarship PT Law Yuk Yee (Year 3) Ng Man Tung (Year 3) Wong Yip Bun (Year 3) PT Leung Ka Mei (Year 3) Tang Yin Ling (Year 3) Yau King Wai (Year 3) Chan Yat Ching (Year 3) Leung Ka Mei (Year 3) Tsang Suet Wai (Year 3) Lau Benjamin Ka Ki (Year 3) Tsang Pik Kei (Year 3) Tse Wai Lan (Year 3) Dr. Kong Footcare Overseas Clinical Placement Scholarship PT Lee Wing Tat Physiotherapy Clinical Prizes 2007/08 Chan Wing Shan (Year 2) Prof. Alan S.F. Tam Memorial Scholarship PT OT Ku Siu Ting (Year 2) Chung Cheuk Yin, Anthony (Year 2) Mo Sung Yu, Chloe (Year 2) Cheng Tsz Chun (Year 3) Yuen Miu Ching (Year 2) Fung Man Lok, Ernest (Year 2) Chiu Wing Cheong (Year 3) Kwok, Natalie (Year 2) Cheung Sze Ki (Year 2) Yim Wan Chee (Year 3) Lam Kei Ying, Madeleine (Year 2) Wong Chau Ting (Year 2) Liang Bin (Year 3) Lam Wing Sze, Cecilia (Year 3) Pauline Jenks Memorial Scholarship 2006/07 OT Chung Cheuk Yin, Anthony (Year 2) Thank you for the services of class representatives 2006-2007 PT Kwok Wai Yan (Year 1) Tse Tat Fai (Year 1) Chan Wing Ting (Year 2) Liu Ka Po (Year 2) Tsang Suet Wai (Year 3) Lau Benjamin Ka Ki (Year 3) OT Ho Chiu Yeung (Year 1) Ho Hiu Ting (Year 1) Ma Tik Lun (Year 2) Tang Pik Ki (Year 2) Chan Chuk Hang, Bianca (Year 3) Mr. Samuel Chan, Chairman of the Hong Kong Occupational Therapy Association, handing over a donation of HK$100,000 to RS on behalf of the association. 12 Kwok Ying Bik, Konica (Year 3) 13 WINTER / 2007 News Clinical Specialty : Clinical Education is about LIFE Mr. Au Yeung Yiu Tung Senior Occupational Therapist Tuen Mun Hospital When I started as a clinical educator over 10 years ago, my aim was to transform OT students into competent and contributing therapists. I still have this target. However, with all these years of experience, I now believe that clinical education is about more than preparing students to be therapists. Clinical education is about life. Dr. Thomas Chiu (HK$246,750) Research Project "Neck pain in Hong Kong: A telephone survey on consequences and health service utilization". Dr. Arran Leung is one of the co-investigators on the project. extremely impressed by the high quality of Prof. Chan's teaching preparation and inspiration, research student supervision and mentoring, and the continual improvement in the quality of teaching in RS, despite his heavy engagement in administrative work. Arrival of a new baby girl Dr. Simon Yeung and Dr. Ella Yeung (HK$838,120) Research Project "In search of a novel electrical stimulation paradigm for satellite cell activation in preventing skeletal muscle atrophy". Clinical Education is a life encounter experience. Every day, there are numerous interactions among the students, the patients and the educator. There is a constant sharing of worldviews, life values and priorities, which has a far deeper impact than pure guided integration and the application of knowledge and skills. Ms. Nicola Mok gave birth to a baby girl on September 16, 2007. We would like to extend our best wishes to Nicola and her family. Dr. Dora Poon obtained a PhD Dr. Dora Poon was conferred her PhD at the 13th congregation of PolyU. FAREWELL Ms. Clara Lee, editor of the Impact and Clinical Instructor of Occupational Therapy programme, has left the Department for further study. We wish her all the best in her studies. Outstanding Teaching Award of 2006/07 Prof. Chetwyn Chan was given the Outstanding Teaching Award of 2006/07. The assessment panel was Clinical Education is a life change Welcoming our new editor Mr. Au Yeung and his students. Clinical Education is life development As a clinical educator, I am also a student. I learn from the OT students and the patients. That enables me to grow and develop. I also observe a maturity in attitude and behaviour among the students, for example in the areas of problem-solving skills, communication skills, critical-thinking skills, and their sense of responsibility and accountability. I enjoy participating in this life encounter, life change and life development process, which brings fruitful and lasting results. N.B. Clinical Education in Physiotherapy will be published in the next issue of IMPACT. 14 Health and Food Bureau Health Services Research Grant Innovation and Technology Fund Clinical Education is a life encounter Life encounters will bring about changes. Many students re-define their life goals and values during their clinical attachment. Some rekindled their internal fire for their future contribution in the OT profession. At the same time, I have also seen a few of them leave the profession and start a new chapter of their lives, not with desperation but with hope and peace. One of my treasured changes is that my previous students become my friends and colleagues. CONGRATULATIONS Wood Pui Sze Lee, Clinical Instructor, OT programme. Dear all, first I would like to thank you for your ongoing support and contributions. This is the first time I have been an editor. I hope you enjoy reading the issue as much as the authors enjoy sharing the news and other items with you. Likewise, if you have any news items, research and conference write-ups, new reports, etc., please don't forget to send them in. We look forward to receiving and sharing your contributions. Editors’ Corner Editors: Ms Sharon M H Tsang & Ms Wood P S Lee Department of Rehabilitaion Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Tel: 2766 4332 Fax: 2330 8656 Email: rsstsang@polyu.edu.hk 15