Eliciting Truth from the Personality-Disordered Sex y Offender, Part 1

3/13/2013
Eliciting Truth from the
Personality-Disordered
Sex
y
Offender, Part 1
21st Annual Conference on the Management of Adults and
Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems
Tiffany Niemann, MA, LPC-I
Licensed Polygraph Examiner
Michael C. Gougler
Licensed Polygraph Examiner
The Gougler Company, LLC
“A lie would have no sense unless the truth
were felt dangerous.” –Alfred Adler
Overview…
• Part 1
– Polygraph Information
– Understanding Lying Behavior
– Indicators of Deception
• Part 2
– Characteristics of Personality Disorders
– Utilizing knowledge of PDOs to elicit truth
1
3/13/2013
Polygraph FAQ’s
•
•
•
•
How reliable are polygraphs?
How do polygraphs work?
Who uses polygraphs tests?
Why use polygraph tests if they are not
admissible in court?
• Can you beat a polygraph?
• What if I am really nervous?
• What happens when you take a
polygraph?
A Good Liar…
•
•
•
•
Includes some truth
Gives unverifiable excuses
Appeals to your emotions
Believes his own lie
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Child
h
l
d to lie
li by
b what
h
Children
have
learned
age?
(Bronson & Merryman, 2009)
Why do people lie?
• To avoid getting in trouble
• To make themselves look better
• To protect other’s feelings
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3/13/2013
li
i is
i okay
k to lie
li
40% off parents bbelieve
it
to their children about what?
(Fu, Evans, Wang & Lee, 2010)
Deception Indicators
• Emotion Expression
• Verbal Indicators
• Physical Movements
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Wh profession
f i is
i the
h most
What
dishonest?
(Wanis, 2010)
Lying and
Defense Mechanisms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Denial
Projection
Passive Aggression
Intellectualization/ Rationalization
Humor
Displacement
Undoing/ compensation
Reaction formation
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d l have
h
i
f l contact
79% off adults
given
false
information or invented a false
identity in what situation?
(White, 2000)
What can I do when I
think someone is lying?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Allow silence
Change the subject
Finish their sentences
Ask open or vague questions
Explain your perspective
Intensify the threat of being caught
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“M k the
“Make
h lie
li big,
bi make
k it
i simple,
i l
keep saying it, and eventually they
will believe it.”
-Adolf Hitler
Lying Examples
• http://www
youtube com/watch?v=iC4tH
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
iC4tH
LqJtpA
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh163
n1lJ4M&p=E9512B9772F08A55&index=2
&playnext=2
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh163
n1lJ4M&p=E9512B9772F08A55&playnext
=1&index=1
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3/13/2013
Thank you!
Contact Information
Tiffany
Niemann: Tiffmichn@yahoo.com
Tiff
Ni
Tiff i h @ h
Michael C. Gougler: gouglerm222@yahoo.com
References
•
•
•
•
•
Bronson, P. & Merryman, A. (2009). Nurtureshock. New York: Twelve
Publishing.
Fu, G., Evans, A. D., Wang, L., & Lee, K. (2008). Lying in the name of
the collective good: A developmental study. Developmental Science,
11(4), 495495-503.
Maggs, K. (2010). Mums most likely to be lied to shows new poll.
www.sciencemuseum.org.uk..
www.sciencemuseum.org.uk
Wanis, P. (2010). Spotting a liar.
http://patrickwanis.com/blog/index.php/2010/02/03/spottinghttp://patrickwanis.com/blog/index.php/2010/02/03/spotting
http://patrickwanis com/blog/index php/2010/02/03/spotting-aliar/comment--page
liar/comment
page--1/#comment
1/#comment--3609
White, J.E. (2000). You can experience an authentic life. Nashville, TN:
Word Publishing.
8
3/13/2013
Eliciting Truth from the
Personality-Disordered Sex
Offender Part 2
Offender,
21st Annual Conference on the Management of Adults and
Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems
Tiffany Niemann, MA, LPC-I
Licensed Polygraph Examiner
Michael C. Gougler
Licensed Polygraph Examiner
The Gougler Company,
Company LLC
“In most of us, by the age of thirty, the character has set
like plaster, and will never soften again.”
–William James
Overview…
• Part 1
– Polygraph Information
– Understanding Lying Behavior
– Indicators of Deception
• Part 2
– Characteristics of Personality Disorders
– Utilizing knowledge of PDOs to elicit truth
9
3/13/2013
How are PDs different from
other mental illnesses?
• Enduring
• Pervasive
• Inflexible
• Stable
• Onset in teen years or early adulthood
• Though distressful, highly unlikely to seek
professional help
• High comorbidity
Clusters of PDO’s
• Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric
– Paranoid PDO
– Schizoid PDO
– Schizotypal PDO
• Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic
– Antisocial PDO
– Borderline PDO
– Histrionic PDO
– Narcissistic PDO
• Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful
– Avoidant PDO
– Dependent PDO
– ObsessiveObsessive- Compulsive PDO
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Prevalence
• 10
10-- 13% of general population (Weismann, 1993)
• Antisocial PDO (Stout, 2005)
– 4% of general population
– 20% of prison inmates
– 80% of violent offenders
• Of female inmates (Louisiana State Penitentiary, 2011)
– 79% borderline
– 17% narcissistic
– 4% antisocial
Schizoid PD
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Detached
Limited emotional expression
Indifferent to praise/ criticism
Aloof, unaffected
Uncomfortable when questioned
Oblivious to others’ emotions
Perpetual loners
Examples (schizoid traits, not disorder)
– Batman
– Sandra Bullock in The Net
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Cues to look for:
• Lack of social skills
• Little/ no social support
• Prefer to be alone
• Non
Non--confrontational/ passive aggression
Howard Hughes
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Ted Kacsynski
Dear, sweet Joe:
You fat con man. You probably think I treated you badly
by quitting without notice, but it’s your own fault. You
gave me this big cockcock-andand-bull story about how much
money I could make selling tires and all that crap.
“The sky’s the limit” and so forth. If you had been
honest with me I would not have taken the job in the
first place; but if I hadn’t taken it I wouldn’t have quit
without giving you a couple of weeks notice. Anyhow, I
have a check coming. I am enclosing a stamped, self
selfaddressed envelope in which you can send it. I had
better get that check, because I know what authorities
to complain to if I don’t get it. If I have to complain
about the check, then while I’m at it, I might as well
complain
the
that
don’t
a proper
l i about
b
h fact
f
h you d
’ have
h
cage for putting air in splitsplit-rim tires, which, if I am
not mistaken, is illegal.
Love and kisses,
Ted Kaczynski
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Antisocial PD
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lack of empathy, lack of remorse
Impulsive, aggressive
Deceitful
Conduct DO as a child
Charismatic, charming
Psychopathy
– SelfSelf-centered
– Manipulative
• Examples
– Anthony Hopkins in Silence of the Lambs
– Michael Douglas in Wall Street
– Javier Bardem in No Country for Old Men
Cues to Look for:
• The pity play
• Lack of remorse/ empathy
• Making large, unlikely claims
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Charles Manson
Dennis Rodman
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“Monsters. Aliens.
Phantoms. None of
them are real. The
thought that an actual
person could do this is
too awful. So our
imaginations create a
way to make it easier
to take. But even the
strongest of
imaginations
can’t
i
i ti
’t
protect us once we
know the truth.”
-Dexter
Borderline PD
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intense,, chaotic,, unstable relationships
p
Extreme fear of abandonment
Manipulation
Low selfself-esteem
Alternates idealization and devaluation of others
Damaging to self, destructive to others
Examples
– Glenn Close in Fatal Attraction
– Winona Ryder in Girl, Interrupted
– Jennifer Jason Leigh in Single White Female
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Cues to Look for:
• Polarizing/ splitting
• Instability in relationships
• Attempts to manipulate (usually somewhat
obvious)
Madonna
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Marilyn Monroe
“She is an elusive
character lacking in
identity overwhelmed by
identity,
a barrage of painful
emotions, consumed by
hunger for love and
acceptance, and
careening from
relationship to
relationship and impulse
to impulse in a desperate
attempt to control these
feelings.“
-Dr. Richard A. Moskovitz
Liz Taylor
Glenn Close
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Narcissistic PD
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preoccupation with the self
Grandiose thinking
Unrealistic sense of importance
Need for admiration
Lack of empathy
Sense of entitlement
Fantasies of unlimited success and fame
Inability to handle criticism
– May
humiliation,
cooll indifference
M reactt with
ith rage, h
ili ti
i diff
• Closet Narcissist
– Omnipotent object rather than grandiose self
• Examples
– Jack Nicholson in A Few Good Men
– Saddam Hussein
Cues to look for
• Reaction to criticism
• Boredom with any topics not related to
self
• Boastful, bragging
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David Koresh
Bill Clinton
Yolanda Saldivar
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DSM--V: Changes to Anticipate
DSM
• Eliminates histrionic, paranoid, schizoid, and
•
•
dependent personality disorders.
Each PDO will be evaluated on basis of selfselffunctioning and interpersonal functioning.
New diagnosis: Personality Disorder Trait
Specified (PDTS)
– Will specify traits from a list containing terms such as
manipulative, deceitful, grandiose, attentionattention-seeking,
callous, hostile.
Thank you!
Contact Information
Tiffanyy Niemann: Tiffmichn@yahoo.com
@y
Michael C. Gougler: gouglerm222@yahoo.com
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3/13/2013
Reference
• American Psychiatric
Association. ((2000).
and
y
) Diagnostic
g
•
•
statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.).
Washington, DC.
Stout, M. (2006). The sociopath next door. Three Rivers
Press, New York.
Weismann, M.M. (1993). The epidemiology of personality
disorders: A 1990 update. Journal of Personality
Disorders, 7, 4444-62.
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