BMP Budidaya Rumput Laut Kotoni _English

Transcription

SUSTAINABLE
SEAFOOD
SUSTAINABLE
ID
SEAFOOD
2014
W W F - I N D O N E S I A N AT I O N A L C A M PA I G N
WWF- Indonesia
Graha Simatupang Building,Tower 2 unit C, 7th floor
Jalan Letjen TB Simatupang Kav. 38,
Better Management Practices
South of Jakarta 12540
WWF’s mission
To stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and to build
a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.
www.wwf.or.id
© WWF-Indonesia / Nur AHYANI
Phone +62 21 7829461
Manual for Small Scale Fishery
SEAWEED FARMING
Cottonii (Kappaphycus alvarezii), Sacol (Kappaphycus striatum),
and Spinosum (Eucheuma denticulatum)
1st Edition | June 2014
Foreword
The greatest praise to The Almighty God for allowing us to complete Better
Management Practices (BMP) of seaweed farming -Cottonii (Kappaphycus
alvarezii), Sacol (Kappaphycus striatum), and Spinosum (Eucheuma
denticulatum). This document can be applied easily in practice without
neglecting environmental aspects while at the same time emphasizing both
sustainable and responsible farming activities.
Better Management Practices
This document was developed through several steps e.g.:literature review, field
data collection, internal review of WWF-Indonesia's aquaculture team and Focus
Group Discussion (FGD) together with seaweed farmers, expert as a part of the
external expert reviewer. This BMP is a living document which will continue to
be updated and revised based on the development of aquaculture activities and
inputs from the aquaculture actors and experts.
Manual for Small Scale Fishery
SEAWEED FARMING - Cottonii (Kappaphycus alvarezii),
Sacol (Kappaphycus striatum) and Spinosum (Eucheuma denticulatum)
1st Edition | June 2014
ISBN 978-979-1461-36-8
© WWF-Indonesia
Writer and Editor
Contributor
Ilustrator
Publisher
Credit
: AquacultureTeam WWF-Indonesia
: Anne Boucard Lechat, Niko Runtuboy, Helmy J. Maro,
Donny M. Bessie, Subair, Ernes Sau Sabu, Hanawi, Fahrul, Badrudin,
Rusman, Rajuddin Syam, Asdar Marzuki, Jelamu Ardu Marius,
Hasan Abdullah, Boedi Sardjana Julianto, Nasrul Efendi,
Salnida Yuniarti L., Nunik Cokrowati, Rahmat Hidayat, Darwis,
Darmawis Nur, Asfin, M. Zainuddin, Herlambang, Akmal, Andi Suryadi,
Ardanti Y.C. Sutarto
: Dwi Indarty
: WWF-Indonesia
: WWF-Indonesia
We would like to express our gratitude for the assistance, team work, input and
correction from all participants during the preparation of this BMP document:
Directorate General of Aquaculture, Mariculture Development Center (MDC)
Lombok-NTB, Mariculture Development Center Lampung, Brackish water
Aquaculture Research and Development Center Maros-South Sulawesi,
Laboratory of Takalar Center for Brackish water Aquaculture-Takalar-Sulawesi
Selatan, Marine and Fisheries Department Alor District-NTT,Local Development
Planning Agency-NTT, Marine and Fisheries Department NTB Province, Marine
and Fisheries Department Sumbawa District-NTB, Alor Seaweed Forum-NTT,
Jasuda-Makasar, ILO-NTT, Artha Wacana Christian University-Kupang,
Mataram University-NTB, Hasanuddin University-Makasar, UD Sentosa,
Celebes Seaweed Group, and Farmers Group Juku Ejaya-South Sulawesi.
We are open for any kind of constructive input for improvement of this
document. We do apologize if there is any mistake of the preparation and content
of this document.
June 2014
Redactor and editor team
WWF-Indonesia
Better Management Practices | BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT - Kotoni, Sacol, dan Spinosum | i
© WWF-Canon / Jürgen FREUND
Contents
INDEX
Desinfectant
: Compound used to kill or hamper the growth of bacteria.
Endemic
: Organism found as native, restricted to a certain area and cannot
Eutrophication
: Excessive nutrients availability in environment which causes
be found in other area.
uncontrolled growth of aquatic plant.
Photosynthesis
: The use of light energy by plants and other organisms to convert
Pure strain
: Plants which are produced either from crossing or self
Weeds
: Any plant that crowd out cultivated plants.
Herbivorous fish
: Fishes that eat plant material.
Contaminant
: Unwanted compound or substance which makes impure the product
Tissue culture
: Growth of tissues on artificial media separate from organism.
Foreword .............................................................................................................................................. i
Contents ............................................................................................................................................... ii
Index ................................................................................................................................................... iii
Macroalgae
: Macroscopic and multicellular algae.
Nitrate
: Nitrogenous compound which is found in aquatic environment
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Ice - Ice Disease
: A disease with recognized symptom is whitening mainly on the base
Phosphate
: Essential macro nutrient for aquatic plant and phytoplankton.
Pruning
: Harvesting method of seaweed by pulling and cutting it from the
carbondioxide and water into carbohydrate (chemical energy).
fertilization and possess identical characters with parental.
and reduces the quality of seaweed product.
and plays a role as main nutrient for aquatic plant.
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1
Seaweed: Uses and Utilization ................................................................................................... 5
Seaweed Farmer Group .............................................................................................................. 6
Planning and Preparation of Seaweed Farming ........................................................................ 8
A. Planning ......................................................................................................................... 8
B. Preparation of Seaweed Farming .................................................................................. 9
V. Seaweed Farming Methods ....................................................................................................... 14
A. Off-bottom Method ...................................................................................................... 15
B. Longline and Floating Raft Method ............................................................................. 17
VI. Seaweed Seed ............................................................................................................................ 21
A. Characteristics of Good Seed ........................................................................................ 21
B. Transport and Handling .............................................................................................. 24
VII. Planting and Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 26
A. Preparation .................................................................................................................. 26
B. Tying and Planting of Seedlings ................................................................................. 26
C. Treatment/Handling of Seaweed ................................................................................ 29
D. Pest and Disease in Seaweed Farming ........................................................................ 32
VIII. Harvest and Post-harvest ......................................................................................................... 36
A. Harvesting Procedure ................................................................................................. 36
B. Post-harvest Handling ................................................................................................ 38
IX. Social Aspect of Seaweed Farming ........................................................................................... 42
X. Analysis of Seaweed Farming ................................................................................................... 43
XI. Documentation of Farming Activity ......................................................................................... 45
XII. Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 47
ii | Better Management Practices| SEAWEED FARMING - Kotoni, Sacol, and Spinosum
part of seaweed.
rope.
Variety Selection
: Seaweed selection based on the best morphology characteristics
PE rope
: Plastic rope which is commonly used in aquaculture activity.
and the fastest growth rate.
Better Management Practices | SEAWEED FARMING - Kotoni, Sacol, and Spinosum | iii
Generally, these documents more focus on
technical aspects. Corresponding to its vision
and mission, WWF-Indonesia provides this
BMP document by considering not only
farming techniques but also social,
environmental and legal aspects. The
materials used for content were obtained from
technical guidelines which were published by
several institutions and enriched with field
data and input from stakeholders. We hope
this document can be used as a reference for
farmers to maintain the sustainability of
seaweed farming through responsible
cultivation practices.
Coastal communities dominate seaweed
farming in Indonesia, either as main or side
occupation. Several advantages of seaweed
farming are: 1) no high capital is necessarily
needed, 2) simple cultivation technology is
applied thus it is easily adapted by small
farmer communities, 3) time efficiency, 4)
short cycle, harvesting can be performed after
45 days, 5) can be conducted by anyone
including housewives.
I. INTRODUCTION
In order to increase quality of seaweed
product and its productivity, several practical
aquaculture guidelines have been published as
reference for seaweed farmers.
Distribution Map of Seaweed Production in Indonesia
Seaweeds or macroalgae belong to aquatic
plant with big size and are visible by naked eye
without the aid of any instrument. They live
naturally either as benthic organism or grown
attach to substrate in marine ecosystem.
There are thousands of seaweed species in
marine ecosystem. According to FAO (2010),
33 species of seaweed are cultivated and
traded worldwide.
Seaweed production in Indonesia comes from
aquaculture both mariculture and brackish
water pond culture and wild harvest. The
production from natural harvesting is going
down and replaced by the production from
farming activity.
Some cultivated species in marine ecosystem
are Kappaphycus alvarezii (was known before
as Eucheuma cottonii), Kappaphycus
striatum and Eucheuma denticulatum.
Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus
striatum are commercially known as Cottonii,
while Eucheuma denticulatum is
commercially known as Spinosum.
Gorontalo;
64,035 tonnes (1.64%)
Central Sulawesi;
728,280 tonnes (18.64%)
Moluccas;
260,155 tonnes (6.66%)
9
2
6
Banten;
52,426 tonnes (1.34%)
South Sulawesi ;
1,245,771 tonnes (31.89%)
According to seaweed global production which
was reported by FAO in 2010, Indonesia led
production of Cottonii (63.37 % from world
total production) and was ranked as second
biggest producer of Gracilaria (30.02 % from
world total production). In national scale,
seaweed production in Indonesia is
dominated by Cottonii and Gracilaria.
4
1
10
Southeast Sulawesi;
348,981 tonnes (8.93%)
3
8
East Java;
388,952 tonnes (9.96%)
Bali;
99,481 tonnes (2.55%)
5
7
East Nusa Tenggara;
347,726 tonnes (8.90%)
West Nusa Tenggara;
162,441 tonnes (4.16%)
1. South Sulawesi (31.89%)
Production = 1,245,771 tonnes
2. Central Sulawesi (18.64%)
Production = 728,280 tonnes
3. East Java (9.96%)
4. Southeast Sulawesi (8.93%)
5.
East Nusa Tenggara (8.9%)
6. Moluccas (6.66%)
7. West Nusa Tenggara (4.16%)
8. Bali (2.55%)
9. Gorontalo (1.64%)
10. Banten (1.34%)
Source: Directorate General of Aquaculture, 2011.
1 | Better Management Practices| SEAWEED FARMING - Kotoni, Sacol, and Spinosum
Better Management Practices| SEAWEED FARMING - Kotoni, Sacol, and Spinosum | 2
Seaweed species which are commercially cultivated or harvested
Eucheuma cottonii.
Local name:
Katoni, Tambalang, Rumput
Laut Kangkung
Kappaphycus striatum
(Red algae),
Nama lokal:
Sacol (pronounced as Sakol)
Eucheuma denticulatum
It was known as
Eucheuma spinosum
Local name:
Spinosum, Safari
It was known before as
(Red algae).
Kappaphycus alvarezii
Gracilaria verrucosa
(Red algae),
Local name:
Sango-sango
Sargassum spp.
(Brown algae),
Local name:
-
Turbinaria conoides
(Brown algae),
Local name:
-
Halymenia durvillaea
Hypnea spp.
(Red algae),
(Red Algae)
Local name:
Rumput Laut Merah
© Iptek.net.id
from marine ecosystem in Indonesia are:
Local name:
-
III. SEAWEED FARMER GROUP
II. SEAWEED: USES AND UTILIZATION
Seaweed contains nutrients and compounds which are beneficial for many aspects in human life,
either for consumption or materials in industry, cosmetic, and medicine.
The uses and utilizations of seaweed related to its content are summarized in table below :
Table 1. Content and Usage of Several Seaweed Species
NO.
SEAWEED SPECIES
CONTENT
Gracilaria
Gelidium
Agars
2
Eucheuma/
Kappaphycus
Hypnea
Spinosum
Carrageenan
3
Sargassum
Turbinaria
Consumption:
Food, improves food texture, canning
industry of beef and fish, diet food.
Pharmacy/Medicines:
Tablet, pill, liquid medicine (Penicillin)
Cosmetics:
Soap, toothpaste, shampoo, lipstick,
hand body lotion, hair lotion.
Alginate
Biotechnology:
As medium for tissue culture
Non-food:
Cattle/livestock feed, feed in
aquaculture (abalone, sea cucumber,
rabbit fish and fish pellet), ceramic
coating for automotive, paint solvent
adhesive yarn, dye for thread, film
paper and its coating, etc.
The increase of world seaweed production from year to year is trigerred by the increase of
demand and more varies seaweed utilization.
1. The group/forum is legally accepted and
monitored by local Fisheries agency.
2. Consist of several farmers as member.
Ideally, each group consists of 10-25
people or even more (strong group
organization system is required). Women
are equally accepted as member.
1
USAGE/PRODUCT
In order to improve bargaining power, and
unity among farmers to be able to maintain
sustainability of seaweed farming activity, the
farmers are coordinated into certain forum or
group with following criteria:
3. Farmers are accompanied by extension
officer from local government.
4. Farmers have the same productive activity
which is seaweed farming.
7. The leader has good leadership skills
5. Conduct routine meeting, at least once
every two weeks.
6. Has organization system which is elected
democratically, with a clear membership
and administration system. It is strongly
suggested to choose leader from the group.
8. Attempt to build good relationship with
related stakeholders.
9. The group is formed based on region and
farming location (for practical
management).
GROUP LEADER
BETTER IS
FARMER
ITSELF
Early warning mechanism of
disease infection in seaweed
farming can be prepared by
the group
TO DETERMINE NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN EACH
FARMER GROUP, IT IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED TO
CONSIDER THE EASE OF MANAGEMENT OF SEAWEED
BASED ON FARMING AREA AND COORDINATION
AMONG GROUP MEMBERS
IV. PLANNING AND PREPARATION OF SEAWEED FARMING
A. Planning
Activities in farmer group:
1. Discussion of farming activities and any
Legal aspect of
farming and site
selection
Calculation of operational
cost and production
schedule
Determination of
farming/cultivation
method
problem that present, for example
finding solution to solve ice-ice disease
infection. Early warning mechanism of
disease infection in seaweed farming can
be organized in the group.
2. Sharing up to date information related to
price and recent technology available.
Develop a seedling nursery in one farming area (if
the available farming area is > 15 ha). High quality
seeds are obtained either from variety selection or
government
3. Collective sales which open possibility to
increase price in market.
4. Mediating conflict that may happen.
5. Planning seaweed farming activity in that
area.
Planting and
maintenance
Construction of
farming facilities
Preparation of
seeds
6. Management of seedling nursery.
Harvesting,
Drying, &
Packing
Evaluation and
planning for further
farming activity
THE RECOMMENDED
GROUP IN
THIS BMP IS A
FORMAL GROUP
B. Preparation of Seaweed Cultivation
b. Legal Permit
Preparation of Site Selection
According to regulation issued by Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
(MMAF) Number 49/Permen-KP/2014 related to aquaculture, any fish farming must
Several aspects that have to be considered concerning site selection are:
own lisence/permission (Surat izin Usaha Perikanan (SIUP) or Tanda Pencatatan
Usaha Pembudidayaan Ikan (TPUPI)).
1. Legal Aspect of the AquacultureActivity
Intermediate and big scale farmers are obliged to own SIUP which is issued by associated
fishery authorities.
a. Site selection is based on the regulation from the local government.
Small scale farmer is obliged to own TPUPI but not SIUP. Regulations for small scale
Site is determined according to the regulation of aquaculture which is regulated in
Coastal and Small Islands Zonation Planning and/or spatial planning for land in
city/district or province level. Suitability of farming area is aimed to avoid conflict
with other utilization planning for that area such as housing, conservation, capture
fishery, tourism, industry, sailing, etc.
farmer according to Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 49/PermenKP/2014 about fishery activity are:
 Use simple technology in farming activity
 Use less than 2 ha area
The following criterias of SIUP for fishery activity as conform to the regulation issued by
If these two mentioned documents are not available, it should be reported and
discussed with local authorities on the village, sub-district or district level thus the
area will be considered legally as farming area.
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 3/2015 about legal permission for
fishery are:
 Use capital from foreign country,
 Located in the area above 12 miles measured from coastal line to seawater body,
 Located in land on borderline of province,
 Use super intensive technology.
 Legal permit is issued with the recommendation from Ministry of Maritime Affairs
and Fisheries.
c.
Tourism site
Other regulations related to fishery activity in coastal area are:

UU Number 27/2007 and its amendment, law No. 1/2014 about Coastal Area and
Small Islands Management which does not allow land and ecosystem conversion in
farming/fishery area to maintain sustainability of ecology function of coastal and
small islands area.

UU Number 31/2004 about fishery and PP Number 60/2007 about fishery source
conservation. These regulations allow the utilization of mangrove, seagrasss, coral
reef, and other ecosystems for fishery activity.
Site for capture fishery
Transportation site
Farming site
2. Eligibility of seaweed farming location is based on water characteristics, water
quality, and access to the farming area :
Water characteristic
a. Water bottom composition should be sandy and rocky.
Muddy water bottom is less suitable because
the slow water flow will allow mud becomes
easily attached to seaweed and hamper the
growth of seaweed.
For off-bottom method, farming site has to be free from any parasites and pests such
as sea urchins, sea cucumber, starfish and turtle. Pest handling has to be conducted in
such a way that does not cause any animal death.
b. Protected from strong wave that can destruct farming construction and seaweeds. It is
recommended to do farming in bay, strait and protected shallow marine area.
Protected shallow marine area for seaweed farming
Strait for seaweed farming
Protected shallow marine area for sacol farming
© WWF-Indonesia / Candhika YUSUF
© WWF-Indonesia / Idham MALIK
9 | Better Management Practices | BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT - Kotoni, Sacol, dan Spinosum
Bay for seaweed farming
Water Quality
a. Water flow at rate of 0.5 m/s is required to distribute nutrients needed for seaweed
growth and help to clean any attached impurities on seaweed surface. Avoid too
strong water flow which may damage seaweed.
b. Water depth is determined according to farming system applied. Water depth in offbottom farming should not be less than 0.3 m, while water depth in longline farming
should not be less than 0.1 m during the lowest tide. Longline method can be
performed in deep water.
AVOID SEAWEED FARMING IN CORAL REEF
ECOSYSTEM!
If there is not any choice :
Select location with water depth more than 5 m during the lowest tide,
Use long line method and keep a wide space between seeds and between
rope spans to allow sunlight penetration,
c. Longline method requires clear water with light penetration more than 5 m.
d. The wave is not too high (less than 1.0 m) to avoid any damage of seaweed and
farming facilities.
e. Avoid location which is too close to freshwater (estuary). Low salinity is not suitable
for seaweed growth.
f. Avoid location with too high nitrate and phosphate content that exceeds optimum
range. It indicates eutrophication which may give negative effect to the seaweed
growth.
Keep minimum space between seeds at 50 cm, and space between rope
spans at 100 cm,
Put anchor carefully and keep it stable to avoid any damage of seaweed and
coral,
Maintenance of seaweed has to be performed using boat.
Stepping on coral is strictly prohibited,
Tabel 2. Optimum range of water quality parameters for seaweed farming
UNIT
NO
PARAMETER
1
Temperature
o
C
26-32
2
Salinity
ppt
27-34
3
pH
4
Nitrate
ppm
1-3
5
Phosphate
ppm
0.01 - 0.021
OPTIMUM RANGE
7- 8.5
x
SELECT FARMING SITE WHICH IS
FAR FROM POLLUTION/ WASTE
Waste from household, fish ponds or
agriculture and industry may increase
nutrient content in water and leads to
CHOOSE FARMING
SITE WHERE
SEAWEED AND
SEAGRASS GROW
NATURALLY
The presence of wild seaweed and or seagrass indicates
that location/site is suitable for seaweed farming.
uncontrolled growth of weeds/pest.
WARNING! DO NOT DAMAGE SEAGRASS AND CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM !
Accessibility
Legal Permit
a. Farm site has to be easily accessible for
maintenance and assurance of seaweed
development.
According to Regulation of the Minister of
Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Number PER
12/MEN/2007 about Fishery Legal Permit,
farmers are obliged to own Surat Ijin Usaha
Perikanan (SIUP) which can be obtained from
from DKP or local fishery office. SIUP is not
obliged owend by small scale fishery with
certain criteria:
b. There are adequate facilities and
infrastructure in the farm site to support
farming, post-harvest handling and
marketing activities.
c. Farm site is located close to high quality
seeds. Otherwise, seed can be imported
from other areas following proper
handling and transporting procedures.
V. SEAWEED FARMING METHODS
There are several applicable farming methods with different terms used,
which are developed based on water condition, capital, availability of
facilities and infrastructures, and farmer skill. This BMP document
explain some commonly known methods namely: fixed off-bottom
system and floating system (longline and floating raft).
a. Off-bottom farming: maximum 8 units,
size per unit is 100 x 5 m2
b. Floating raft farming: maximum 20 units,
1 unit=20 floating bamboo raft (size of
each raft is 5 x 2.5 m2,
ACQUIRE CBIB
CERTIFICATE FOR YOUR SEAWEED
FARMING ACTIVITY!
c. Longline farming: maximum 2 units (size
of each unit is 1 ha)..
Farmers who are not obliged to own SIUP has
to report their activity to the farmer group, for
further report to local marine and fishery
office to get TPKP (Tanda Pencatatan
Kegiatan Perikanan)
Contact local fisheries
agency for further
procedures.
Apply the best farming method Cara
Budidaya Ikan yang Baik (CBIB) according
to Directorate General of Aquaculture and
technical guidelines.
A. Off-bottom Method
Wooden peg
Plastic rope
Farming facilities can be constructed as follow:
Prepare two wooden pegs with diameter of ± 5 cm and ± length of 1 m. Drive
both wooden pegs to the bottom 15 - 25 m apart in rows, parallel to water flow
direction.
Set other wooden pegs ± 50 cm in rows. Tie and connect each wooden peg with
PE rope (diameter 6 mm or 8 mm).
PE rope with diameter of 2 mm
Set PE rope (diameter 2 mm) to tie seeds (tali coban) on rope span (diameter 4
mm) ± 20 cm apart.
Stretch out PE rope (diameter 4 mm) which is already planted with seeds on
both wooden pegs (from A to B).
Alternativeof farming facilities can be constructed as follow :
Plastic rope
Prepare two wooden pegs with diameter of ± 5 cm and ± length of 1 m. Drive
both wooden pegs to the bottom 20-40 m apart in rows, parallel to water flow
direction.
Every 3 m apart, set wooden pegs to hold 11 wooden on each side.
Connect each wooden peg with PE rope (diameter 8 mm).
Stretch out PE rope (diameter 4 mm) which is already planted with seeds on
both wooden pegs 1 m between ropes.
Height of wooden peg should not be >1 m.
The wooden peg can be made of lamtoro, tamate, or bitti
(local name in Makasar).
Do not use mangrove as material for wooden peg, except
when it fulfills the regulation issued by Forestry Department.
Water flow direction
B.Floating Method (Longline and Raft)
There are three types of floating method namely longline, bamboo raft, and
combination of these two types. This document explains longline and
bamboo raft.
The following are materials and method to install farming facilities using
longline method :
Tali PE
PE rope
8 mm
diameter
4 mm
Main ropes used are PE rope with diameter of 12 mm and 8 mm. PE rope
(diameter 12 mm) is set against water flow, while PE rope (diameter 8 mm) is set
parallel to water flow. Install these two main ropes to form rectangular shape
with size ± 25 x 50 m, or 50 x 50 m (can be adjusted according to available
materials).
Buoy
PE rope 1 mm
Tali PE
diameter 8 mm
Rope 12 mm
PE rope 4 mm
Weight
Set 3 anchors (sack containing sand or rock) at every corner (10-15 kg, 20 kg
dan 10-15 kg) using PE rope (diameter 12 mm) outward direction to stretch out
ropes. Wooden peg can be used instead of anchor in seawater with muddy
bottom.
Anchor rope minimum 3 times of water depth.
Rope Span PEWith diameter 4 mm
Anchor 5-10 kg is set on the main ropes 7 m apart.
Ro
Rope with diameter of 8 mm
pe
wi
th
di
am
et
Set buoy (ball or plastic bottle volume 50 l) at every corner and buoy (ball or
er
of
12
m
m
plastic bottle volume 20 l) on the main ropes at every 10-15 m.
Set PE rope (diameter 4 mm) 50 cm apart on the main rope following water flow
direction.
Flow direction
Set PE rope (diameter 2 mm) to tie seeds (tali coban) on rope span with ± 20 cm
apart.
Set bottle buoy 500 ml on rope span 2 m apart between buoy.
MATERIALS AND METHOD TO INSTALL FARMING FACILITIES USING
LONGLINE METHOD
PE Tali
rope
mm
PEdiameter
diameter 2 2mm
PE rope diameter 1 mm
© WWF-Indonesia / Nurdiansyah
PETali
rope
mm
PEdiameter
diameter 44mm
PE rope No.2
Plastic bottle
2m
Weight
50 cm
Materials and method to install farming facilities using floating raft method :
Install round shaped bamboo (diameter ± 10 cm) to form rectangular
with size of ± 25 x 25 m.
Set anchor or weight ± 50 kg (sack containing sand or rock) at each
corner.
Flow direction
Set bamboo bar at every corner to keep the rectangular shape.
Tie PE rope (diameter 4 mm) 50 cm apart on the raft (rope span) parallel
to water flow direction.
Set PE rope with smaller diameter of 2 mm to tie seeds (tali coban) on
rope span with ± 20 cm apart.
Set bottle buoy 500 ml on rope span with 2 m apart between buoy.
MATERIALS AND METHOD TO INSTALL FARMING
FACILITIES USING FLOATING RAFT METHOD
VI. SEAWEED SEEDS
SEAWEED FARMER GROUP WHO WHIS TO DEVELOP SEED OBTAINED FROM
TISSUE CULTURE/PURE STRAIN CAN CONTACT LOCAL DIRECTORATE OF
FISHERIES AND MARINE AFFAIRS OR MARICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER.
A. Characteristics of Good Seeds
Harvested after 25-30 days of cultivation.
Branches.
No spot and peel off found, not slimy.
Thallus of seaweed are shown by white
circle in the above picture
Use seeds which are obtained from
selection. Renewal of seeds supply is
required to maintain good quality.
Fresh and flexible
Seeds which are cultivated in seedling
nursery may be obtained from variety
selection or pure strain from research
center.
Healthy (uninfected by disease)
Smooth, no breakage or damage
Natural odor
No attached mosses or weeds/parasites
Has many thallus
SEEDS RENEWAL BY PRODUCING PURE STRAIN
Two disadvantages of seeds obtained
from field are the age is unknown and
decrease in quality (due to senescence of
seaweed cell).
Seaweed seeds with young cells can be
produced by breeding or tissue culture.
Breeding to obtain new seeds need at least
one year.
Steps of seeds breeding are:
c. After 1-3 days, Cystocarp will produce
Carpospora (microthallus) which is
only visible under microscope.
d. Carpospora will grow become young
thallus after > 3 months.
e. Young thallus with size of at least
100 g can be planted as new seed.
f. This breeding can be multiplied and
then used as parental.
a. Take thallus ± 5 cm with Cystocarp
(sporophore), which is part of
thallus that develops spores.
b. Put the thallus on petri dish or glass
plate, thallus is then put in a glass
jar containing seawater. Maintain
seawater quality in optimum range
for seaweed growth. Aeration is
provided to supply oxygen.
FARMER GROUP IN ONE FARMING AREA IS SUGGESTED TO
ORGANIZE SEDDLING NURSERY TO PROVIDE SEED SUPPLY FOR
ALL GROUP MEMBERS. SEED CAN BE CULTIVATED IN A FARM
WITH THE SIZE AROUND 10 % OF TOTAL FARMING SITE
B. Seeds Transporting and Handling
VARIETY SELECTION FOR SEEDS RENEWAL
Variety selecton is conducted by following steps :
a. Firstly, some criteria are needed to
select good quality of seeds (25 day
old): faster growth, healthy (free
from parasites and damage), strong
thallus, big and bright color. Seeds
are cut on the main branch and
cultivated at separated area. After 25
days, further selection is conducted
by selecting 20-30 % of grown
population according to the above
criteria. F2 seeds are obtained from
this selection.
b. Plant the F2 seeds from the first
selection step for 25 days, harvest
and 20-30 % of them (qualified to
the selection criteria) are used as F3
seeds.
d. F4 seeds have relatively stable
quality. They are cultivated for 25
days and will produce high quality
seeds for seaweed farming. To
provide continous supply of seeds,
seeds are consistently harvested
after 25 days and cultivated even
though there is not any farmer in
the area needs new seeds for that
period.
Use seeds from own farm or at least the closest farm.Two advantages: the
seeds are certainly suitable for that area and time efficiency for transporting
(less than 4 hours).
Avoid direct sunlight and keep the seeds wet/moist during transport. Use
cover to protect them from sunlight and provide holes for air circulaton
(long distance transport).
Avoid contact with freshwater (cancel transport when it rains).
e. Some parts of high quality seed are
cultivated to provide seeds for the
next farming period.
The variety selection (step a-d) can be
repeated if quality of seeds goes down.
c. F3 seeds obtained from the second
selection are cultivated for 25 days,
harvest and 20-30 % of them
(qualified to the selection criteria)
are used as F4 seeds.
Better to transport seeds in the morning (for short distance) and then
followed immediately by planting the seeds to the rope.
While better to do long distance transport in the night therefore planting
can be conducted in the following morning.
VII. SEAWEED PLANTATION AND MAINTENANCE
Avoid any action that can break/damage seeds.
A. Preparation
Put the seeds under shaded area to keep them moist.
For short distance transport (maximum 4 hours), allow seeds under shaded
area for 30 minutes, then spray water and soak them in seawater prior
tying.
a. Prepare farming site and facilities prior
to planting.
b. Clean rope span and tie rope from any
weeds/mosses or other parasites by drying
method. New ropes have to be soaked at
least one day prior to plantation to remove
any contaminants (impurities) which may
The seeds have to be closely packed if they are transported for >12 hours.
1. Prepare equipment for seed selection
(such as knife). Cutting the seed by hand
will leave unsmooth surface which allows
the attachment of parasite.
hamper seaweed growth.
How to pack seaweeds for transporting >12 hours
Prepare:
- Styrofoam with the size of
40 x 60 m2
- Three mineral water bottle
containing ice (volume of
500-600 ml)
- Unused paper or thin
sponge
- Seeds (after 5 minutes draining)
B. Binding of Seed and Planting
1st layer: Arrange bottle on the
bottom of syrofoam
2nd layer: Put paper or
sponge on top of the
bottle.
2. Avoid the usage of seed which is obtained
from pruning. Releasing seeds one by one
rd
3 layer: Put the seedlings
on top of the second layer
(without pressing)
4 layer: Put paper or sponge
SELECTION AND CUTTING OF SEEDS HAS TO BE HANDLED
BY DIFFERENT LABOR/FARMER TO MAINTAIN
SELECTIVITY.
th
© WWF – Indonesia / Idham MALIK
Close and seal
styrofoam box
from the rope is the best method.
3. Use PE rope 2 mm or twisted plastic rope to tie the seeds.
with ± 20 cm space.
7. Tying has to be performed in a clean place
and free from any pollution matters.
4. Provide tying rope as long as ± 25 - 30 cm, and tied the rope to rope span
8. Tie the seeds carefully, not too tight (avoid
5. The weight of each seed clump can be 50, 100, 150 or 200 g, but it is
suggested to homogenize the weight of seeds to obtain homogenous growth.
Select bud with many branches.
breakage of branches) or too loose with
enough allowance for growth.
9. Seeds should be tied at the base/middle
part.
10. Tied seeds are then stored properly under
shaded area prior to plantation.
11. Carry the tied seeds carefully to the site.
Protect them from direct sunlight,
freshwater/rain or any friction.
6. Avoid direct sunlight during tying process
12. Planting has to be performed immediately
after tying step (do not keep it overnight).
The sooner the better.
13. Tie the rope span strongly.
14. Buoy is tied to the rope.
DO NOT USE INORGANIC/ORGANIC FERTILIZER
WHICH IS NOT SPECIFIC FOR SEAWEED FARMING
TO PREVENT EUTROPHICATION, POLLUTION AND
PARASITE
C. Treatment/handling of Seaweeds
Parasite organisms which are removed from seaweeds have to be collected
and disposed to trash bin in land to avoid any re-attachment of these
parasites in the future.
1. Control seaweed condition for 2-3 times/day during the first week of
cultivation (particularly when wave is strong).
2. Check the seedlings and replace loss or broken seedlings (only performed
in the first week of cultivation to avoid heterogenous growth).
Avoid diaposal of parasite in the sea
Specific for naturally grown seaweed with high market price such as
Sargassum are better to collect and harvest.
3. Clean seedlings from any impurities such as natural seaweed Sargassum and
Ulva, mosses/weeds, sediment and mud. It can be performed by shaking the rope
span or removing the organisms directly.
© WWF – Indonesia / Idham MALIK
4. To avoid raise of seaweed to water surface, buoy position has to be set properly
and or fill only half of the bottle buoy.
5. One week after planting/cultivation, controlling can be performed once a day
or 3 times per week until harvesting.
D. Pest and Disease in Seaweed Farming
Pests
No.
© WWF Indonesia / Ade Novia PUTRI
Growth rate Measurement
Farming Facilities Maintenance
Monitoring and sampling are performed
to measure seaweed growth rate. These
activities can be routinely conducted once
a week and during harvesting. The
measurement methods are:
a. Remove dirt, weed or other organism
that attach on the rope span.
a. Measure initial weight of sample and
determine how much seaweeds will
be sampled until harvesting. For
example 1% out of total seeds in one
unit
b. After harvest, dry the moss/weed on
the rope span and remove it. The
clean rope can be reused for the next
cultivation. The rope can be used for 2
years.
c. Check wooden peg, rope, buoy and
anchor. Repair any damage.
d. Bind the sample after weighing and
tie it to the rope.
Monitoring form of growth rate
measurement is provided in attachment.
Method
Off- Floating Symptomp/effect
Bottom
raft
1.
Green
Turtle
V
V
2.
Fish :
Rabbit fish,
Red parrot
V
V
V
3.
Sea urchin
Action
Loss of seaweed
(or broken)
Bitten by turtle
- Expel/catch the pests
Move them to area which is far from
farming site
Do not kill turtle
- Routine control of all farming
units
- Mass planting simultaneously
Loss of seaweed,
or broken
Bitten by small
or big fish
- Mass planting simustaneously in
certain area.
- Hang objects which produce sound or
reflect light e.g.: empty bottle filled with
marble/stone or unused VCD pieces
- Routine control
X
Bitten broken,
shrivelled.
Catch the pests and move them
to other area
without killing them.
4.
Snail
V
X
Bitten broken,
shrivelled
discoloration.
to other area
without killing them.
5.
Sea
cucumber
V
X
Bitten broken,
shrivelled
discoloration.
to other area
without killing them
6.
Starfish
V
X
Bitten broken,
shrivelled
discoloration.
to other area
7.
Mermaid
V
V
Loss of
seaweeds
Catch the pests and move them,
to other area
b. One sample = one clump of
seaweeds
c. Take sample, weigh and keep the
record
Pest
Keterangan :
X = unaffected
V = affected
Disease and Pest
No.
1.
Disease/
Pest/weeds
Method
Off - Floating
Bottom
Disease:
ice-ice
V
V
Symptom and effect
1. Change of water condition
drastically, mainly temperature
2. Slow growth, becomes pale
(discoloration), broken
3. White spots appear on the stem
(where seaweeds are tyed)
4. The infected seaweeds will be
slimy
5. Whitening is followed by
damaged of stem
Action
Harvest immediately,
move farming location or
temporary stop farming
for a couple of months.
Factors whic trigger ice-ice
disease infection are: dirt and
contaminant on rope, drastic
weather change, bad seed
quality.
2.
Weeds: macroalgae
(Ulva spp.,Enteromorpha
spp., Cladophoraspp.)
THE BEST METHOD TO ANTICIPATE PEST/WEEDS IS BY MULTIPLYING THE
POPULATION OF CULTIVATED SEAWEEDS AND SIMULTANEOUS CULTIVATION
IN ONE FARMING AREA.
SEAWEED LOSS WILL STIMULATE THE PRESENCE OF
WEEDS/PEST, THUS IT IS SUGGESTED TO COLLECT
SEAWEEDS WHICH FALL INTO BOTTOM OF FARMING AREA.
© WWF-Indonesia / Faridz Rizal FACHRI
Keterangan : X = unaffected
V
V
- Attach and damage
seaweeds.
- Hamper growth
Avoid endemic location
of weed and clean the
seaweeds by shaking
the rope regularly.
V = affected
IF PEST, DISEASE INFECTION OF WEEDS ATTACT IN 10 DAYS,
IMMEDIATE HARVESTING IS RECCOMMENDED.
IF IT HAPPENS CONTINUOUSLY FOR 1 YEAR AND CAUSE SEED
DEATH OR SEAWEED DAMAGE, IT IS BETTER TO MOVE
FARMING LOCATION.
Ice-ice disease
VIII. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
A. Harvesting Method
a. Seaweeds are harvested after 45 days.
b. It is suggested to harvest in the morning and immediately followed by drying, or
during low tide for off-bottom method..
c. Shake off the seaweeds to remove any contaminant prior to harvesting.
Harvesting contaminated seaweeds
IF DISEASE INFECTION OR WEEDS PRESENT IN A CERTAIN FARMING AREA, IT IS
BETTER TO PROVIDE EARLY WARNING. FOR EXAMPLE BY INSTALLING RED FLAG AT
THE INFECTED AREA THUS OTHER FARMERS WILL NOTICE AND DO PREVENTIVE
ACTION IMMEDIATELY.
d. Harvest seaweeds properly to maintain good quality of seaweeds, by releasing
them one by one from rope span.
WHEN A CHANGE OF SEASON OR CHANGE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
HAPPENS IN FARMING AREA WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BY NO AIR,
WATER FLOW, HIGH TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY THAT SOFTEN THE
SEAWEEDS AND DIE ONLY IN 2 DAYS, IT IS SUGGESTED TO REGULATE
CULTIVATION TIMING AND LOCATION. THEREFORE, FARMING ACTIVITY
IN THAT AREA FINISH BEFORE ANY WORST CASE HAPPENS.
CALENDAR OF CULTIVATION SEASON IS HIGLY NEEDED.
Harvesting seaweed from rope span by pruning method
DO NOT HARVEST SEAWEEDS FROM ROPE SPANS BY PRUNING BECAUSE IT WILL DECREASE
THE QUALITY OF DRY SEAWEEDS
B. Post-harvest Handling
e. Collect the harvested seaweeds in a boat, container, sack or carry them immediately. Do not
drag them to avoid contamination and damage.
Seaweed harvesting using canoe/boat
Seaweed harvesting by carrying them directly
f. Do not harvest when it rains to avoid decrease in quality of harvested seaweeds
SPECIFIC FOR SPINOSUM, HARVEST CAN BE CONDUCTED AFTER 25-30 DAYS PLANTING, WHEN
THE MOST OPTIMUM OF QUALITY AND CARRAGEENAN CONTENT ARE OBTAINED.
a. Carrageenan content which is
determined by species/origin of the
seaweeds (genetic), farming location,
harvesting, growth stage and drying
method.
b. Water content: maximum of 35 %. It is
Factors determining seaweed are :
c. Content of other materials (impurity):< 5
%, which is determined by farming
location, harvesting and drying method.
determined by duration and drying
method. Good water content is indicated
by pricky feeling in our grasp. If it feels
sticky it means that water content is still
above 35 %.
Beside proximity to market, high quality of
seaweed also determines its price. Seaweed
quality can be controlled by conducting proper
farming, harvesting, and post-harvest
handling. The quality is adapted to National
Standard in Indonesia: SNI 2690.1:2009, SNI
2690.2:2009, and SNI 2690.3:2009.
Drying
c. Organize the depth of seaweed on the
drying platform at ± 10 cm and turn the
seaweeds at regular interval under the sun
to dry them evenly.
b. Drying can be conducted by hanging or
putting the harvested seaweeds on loft as
drying platform. It takes 2-3 days until the
required level of dryness is obtained.
a. Try not to damage/break the thallus of
seaweed before drying to avoid loss of
carrageenan content.
e. Clean seaweeds from any contaminant such as weeds, fish, small shrimp, mollusk, leaves,
rope, shell, etc.
© WWF-Indonesia / Nurdiansyah
f. Pay attention the drying platform and avoid any livestock stepping or excreting on it.
d. Always cover the harvested seaweeds on the
drying platform to protect them from rain.
During drying process, avoid contact with
freshwater.
Drying using hanging method
During drying and packing, strictly prohibited:
Stepping on seaweeds
Smoking or disposing cigarette ash on seaweeds
Spitting on the drying patform
Drying on loft as platform
THE HARVESTING AND DRYING METHODS DESCRIBED ABOVE ARE CONDUCTED TO PRODUCE
RAW MATERIALS FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE
Dry seaweeds have to be cleaned from
any contaminant prior to packing. For
small scale activity, dry seaweed can be
packed simply by putting them in a
plastic bag.
If farmers want to keep the seaweed, they
should put it in a plastic sack and cover
properly. The storage room has to be dry
and clean. For storage more than 3 days,
do not put the plastic sack directly on the
floor to avoid dampness on the sack
bottom.
Dry seaweed can also be sold and
delivered to whole saler without packing
prior to delivery.
Packing and Storage
IX. SOSIAL ASPECT OF SEAWEED FARMING ACTIVITY
It is not allowed to hire children labour as
regulated by ILO and employment rules in
Indonesia.
SEAWEED IS PACKED
SEPARATELY BASED ON
SPECIES.
The work has to be performed without any
force. Pay attention to timing according to
the rules.
Avoid labor discrimination.
Pay attention to labor safety and welfare.
Employees have right to participate in
organization such as local forum communities,
Any discipline or sanction given to
employees who violate the rules of
agreement must go through the proper
mechanism.
Pay attention to socio-cultural aspect in order
to keep a good relationship with the society.
Perform coordination with all parties who use
the water space (farmer, tourists, etc) to
determine the correct location for seaweed
farming and minimize the possibility of social
conflict.
youth organization, etc.
X. . ANALYSIS OF SEAWEED FARMING
Analysis of seaweed farming using long line method
Analysis of seaweed farming using off-bottom method
Description
Description
Description
Quantity
Price per unit (Rp)
Total (Rp)
Quantity
Price per unit (Rp)
Total (Rp)
Fixed costs
1. Anchor (unit)
20
150,000
3,000,000
80
2,000
160,000
2. PE rope 12 mm (kg)
40
35,000
1,400,000
200
500
100,000
30
35,000
1,050,000
PE rope No.2 (roll)
6
55,000
330,000
10
35,000
350,000
PE rope No.4 (roll)
5
90,000
450,000
5. Buoy (per bottle)
500
300
150,000
PE rope No.6 (kg)
1
75,000
75,000
10
100,000
1,000,000
Boat (unit)
1
500,000
500,000
7. Boat
1
1,000,000
1,000,000
Work equipment (package)
1
250,000
250,000
8. Work equipment (paket)
1
1,000,000
1,000,000
Drying platform 6 x 4 m (unit)
1
1,500,000
1,500,000
9. Drying platform 6 x 4 m (unit)
1
1,500,000
3,365,000
Sub Total
Fixed costs
Wooden peg (unit)
Buoy (piece)
Total fixed costs
Variable cost
Seeds (kg)
1,500,000
10,450,000
Variable costs
500
5,000
2,500,000
Seed tying cost
100,000
Maintenance cost
100,000
Harvesting, drying and packing costs
100,000
Total variable costs
2,800,000
Total production costs
2,800,000
Total expenses
3,070,625
10. Seeds (kg)
2000
2,500
11. Seeds tying cost
5,000,000
300,000
12. Harvesting, drying and packing costs
500,000
13. Other costs for 1 cycle
1,000,000
Sub Total
6,800,000
TOTAL
17,250,000
Revenue
Revenue
Harvest (kg dry weight)
6. Buoy (per ball)
438
Profit
Notes:
- The price of Kotoni seed used here is common price in Makassar
- The analysis is performed based on the price in 2014
10,000
4,380,000
Dry kotoni sold (kg)
1,580,000
Wet weight harvest of 16 Ton = 2 Ton
2000
11000
22,000,000
dry weight
Revenue
4,750,000
Notes: The price of Kotoni seed used here is common price in Makassar in 2014
Monitoring Table for Group
Analysis of seaweed farming using floating raft method
Month
GÑŒ
ŃǾÒŐPÒŎŌ
Uraian
Kebutuhan
Fixed costs
1. Anchor (unit)
2. PE rope12 mm (kg)
5. Buoy
6. Long raft bamboo 25 m (piece)
7. Boat
8. Work equipment
9. Drying platform 6 x 4 m (unit)
Sub Total
Variable costs
*
10. Seed cost (kg)
11. Seed tying cost
12. Harvesting, drying and packing costs
13. Other cost for 1 cycle
Sub Total
TOTAL
Revenue (4 unitsfloating raft)
Dry Kotoni sold
Wet weight harvest of 16 Ton = 2 Ton dry weight
Quantity
12
10
30
10
500
40
1
1
1
2000
2000
Price per unit (Rp)
150,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
300
35,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,500
11000
Total (Rp)
1,800,000
350,000
1,050,000
350,000
150,000
1,400,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
8,600,000
Condition
1
3
5
4
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
Efforts conducted
by farmers
Dry season
Rainy season
The east wind
The west wind
Average of daily temperature
Good growth of seaweed
Seaweed is fallen
out due to big waves
5,000,000
300,000
500,000
1,000,000
6,800,000
Discoloration of
seaweed
15,400,000
The presence of
herbivorous
22,000,000
2
Ice-ice infection
Weeds infection
Seawater becomes turbid
Current direction
Profit
6,600,000
Notes:
- The price of Kotoni seed used here is common price in Makassar
- The analysis is performed based on the price in 2014
* Please tick in the available column
Monitoring Table for Each Farmer*
XI. DOCUMENTATION OF FARMING ACTIVITIES
Type of seed
Farmer's name
Source of seed
Date of planting
Date of seed purchase
Date of harvesting
Duration of transport
Duration of drying
.......... Hours
Total dry weight
........... Kg
Total weight of tied seed
Proutine documentation of seaweed condition
and environmental condition will allow the
analysis of cause and effect between these two
factors. Then, it can be used in decision making
to solve problems which happens during seaweed
farming development.
The following table can be used as referene for
monitoring of seaweed condition can be
.............................
........... Kg
Weight (g) – Week
Growth rate measurement
Seed
conducted using table below as reference :
2
3
4
5
Harvest
RL in front of current
RL behind current
*) Please choose the unit which corresponds to the time of plantation
These two documented data have to be analysed by the fishery officer who accompany the farmers. The result
of analysis is then discussed together with the farmers to decide further action.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anggadiredja, J.T., A. Zatnika, H. Purwotodan S. Istini, 2006. Rumput laut: pembudidayaan, pengolahan,
&pemasaran komoditas perikanan potensial. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.
Aslan
L.M., 2007. Rumput Laut. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
.
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, 2012. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012. FAO
of the UN, Rome.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, 2012. Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Budidaya Air Payau dan
Laut. Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya – Direktorat Produksi, Jakarta.
Kementerian Kelautan Perikanan, 2012. Protokol Seleksi Varietas Bibit Unggul Rumput Laut. Balai Penelitian
dan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau – Balitbang KP. Jakarta.
Parenrengi, A., R. Syah dan E. Suryati, 2011. Budidaya Rumput Laut. Balitbang KP (BRPBAP Maros).
Jakarta. 54 hal.
Pusat Data, Statistik, dan Informasi – Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, 2012. Buku Statistik 2012,
Kalautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta.
SEAPlant.Net, 2008. Modul Materi Pelatihan Training of Farmer, Pemilihan Lokasi untuk Budidaya Rumput
Laut. Rangkaian Materi Pelatihan Bisnis Rumput Laut untuk Usaha Kecil Menengah. The South East Asia
Seaplant Network.
SEAPlant.Net, 2008. Modul Materi Pelatihan Training of Farmer, Penanganan Pasca Panen Budidaya
Rumput Laut. Rangkaian Materi Pelatihan Bisnis Rumput Laut untuk Usaha Kecil Menengah. The South
East Asia Seaplant Network.
SEAPlant.Net, 2008. Modul Materi Pelatihan Training of Farmer, Teknik Budidaya Rumput Laut. Rangkaian
Materi Pelatihan Bisnis Rumput Laut untuk Usaha Kecil Menengah. The South East Asia Seaplant
Network.
SNI 7579. 1: 2010. Produksi Rumput Laut Kotoni (Eucheuma Cottonii) Bagian 1: Metode Lepas Dasar. Badan
Standar Nasional Indonesia.
SNI 7579. 2 : 2010. Produksi Rumput Laut Kotoni (Eucheuma Cottonii) Bagian 2: Metode Long-line. Badan
Standar Nasional Indonesia.
SNI 7579. 3 : 2010. Produksi Rumput Laut Kotoni (Eucheuma Cottonii) Bagian 3: Metode Rakit Bambu.
Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia.
Wesite Iptek.net.id (http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_alga/?mnu=2)
Website Pusat Penyuluhan BPSDM KP. (http://pusluh.kkp.go.id/index.php/arsip/c/654/TEKNIKPENYEDIAAN-KEBUN-BIBIT-RUMPUT-LAUT/?category_id=5).
REDACTORS AND EDITORS OF BMP
FISHERY TEAM WWF- INDONESIA
Nur Ahyani, Aquaculture officer.
(nurahyani@wwf.or.id)
She joined WWF-Indonesia since February 2013. Nur is responsible in aquaculture prac ce
development based on Be er Management Prac ces (BMP) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council
(ASC) in the area of NTB, NTT and Bali. Before working in WWF-Indonesia, she ac vely par cipated
in strengthening coastal society and aquaculture in Aceh and Nias. She obtained her master degree
in Master of Science in Aquaculture, Ghent University, Belgium
M. Yusuf, Fisheries Science and Training Coordinator.
(myusuf@wwf.or.id)
He got his bachelor degree in Fishery and Environmental Management, Hasanuddin University,
Makassar. He has ac vely par cipated since 2000 in local non-governmental organiza on of fishery
sector in Makassar, university diving club, valua on of AMDAL (the Environmental Impact
Assessment), and seaweed export company. He joined WWF-Indonesia since February 2009 and
responsible for the development of all fishery guidance (BMP) and stakeholder capacity.
Wahju Subachri, Senior Fisheries Officer.
(wsubachri@wwf.or.id)
Wahju studied Aquaculture in Hang Tuah University and joined WWF-Indonesia since November
2010. His main responsibility is development and implementa on of Aquaculture Improvement
Program (AIP) in several priority areas of WWF-Indonesia. Before working in WWF-Indonesia, he
had worked in aquaculture company and aquaculture sector specialist for more than 15 years
Idham Malik, Aquaculture Officer
(imalik@wwf.or.id)
Get Other Manual Series – Aquaculture Practical Guidelines :
1. Tiger Shrimp Aquaculture (Penaeus monodon),
Traditional and Semi-Intensive Pond
2. Vannamei Shrimp Aquaculture, Semi-Intensive with
Wastewater Treatment Installation
3. Tiger Grouper Aquaculture, Floating Net Cage System
4. Tilapia Fish Aquaculture in Cage with Floating Net
System
5. Seaweed Aquaculture of Cottonii (Kappaphycus
alvarezii), Sacol (Kappaphycus striatum), and
Spinosum (Eucheuma denticulatum)
6. Seaweed Aquaculture Gracilaria sp., in the Pond
7. Milkfish Aquaculture (Chanos chanos), in
Environmental Friendly Fishpond
8. Asian Seabass Aquaculture (Lates calcarifer, Bloch)
in Floating Net
9. Abalone Culture (Haliotis sp.)
10. Green Mussel Culture (Perna viridis)
11. Mangrove Cultivation in Traditional Shrimp Pond
and Other Type of Shrimp Pond
Beside practical guideline for aquaculture and fishery, WWF-Indonesia also publishes other documents related
to Capture Fishery, Bycatch Fishery, Marine Tourism, and Aquatic Environment Conservation.
For more detail information and to get electronic version of these documents, please
visit www.wwf.or.id
He has ac vely involved in coastal environment issue since his study in Hasanuddin University, major
in Fishery. Idham joined WWF-Indonesia since May 2013 and is responsible for development and
implementa on of BMP of Aquaculture and Fishery in South Sulawesi and involving several
stakeholder; small scale farmers, industry, researcher and government.
Candhika Yusuf, Na onal Aquaculture Program Coordinator
(cyusuf@wwf.or.id)
He has involved in marine and fishery conserva on ac vity since his bachelor study major in Marine,
Diponegoro University, Semarang. He joined in WWF-Indonesia in 2009 as Fisheries Officer at Berau
and since 2011 he is func oned as Na onal Aquaculture Programme Coordinator. His responsibility is
the implementa on of Aquaculture Improvement Program (AIP) for 11 priori zed commodi es
WWF-ID in Indonesia.

BMP Budidaya Rumput Laut Kotoni _English

Transcription

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