March - Wheat Life

Transcription

March - Wheat Life

WHEAT LIFE
The official publication of the Washington Association of Wheat Growers
MARCH 2013
The nutrition issue:
Doubling the fiber in wheat
Uncovering the truth behind
wheat breeding and nutrition
Barley’s star is rising
Address Service Requested
Washington Association of Wheat Growers
109 East First Avenue, Ritzville, WA 99169
WHEAT LIFE
Volume 56 • Number 03
www.wheatlife.org
The official publication of
WASHINGTON
ASSOCIATION OF
WHEAT GROWERS
109 East First Avenue
Ritzville, WA 99169-2394
(509) 659-0610 • (800) 598-6890
In association with:
www.washingtongrainalliance.com
WAWG MEMBERSHIP
(509) 659-0610 • (800) 598-6890
$125 per year
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Kara Rowe • kararowe@wawg.org
(509) 456-2481
EDITOR
Trista Crossley • editor@wawg.org
(435) 260-8888
AD SALES MANAGER
Kevin Gaffney • KevinGaffney@mac.com
(509) 235-2715
GRAPHIC DESIGN
Devin Taylor • Trista Crossley
AD BILLING
Michelle Hennings • michelle@wawg.org
(509) 659-0610 • (800) 598-6890
CIRCULATION
Address changes, extra copies, subscriptions
Chauna Carlson • frontdesk@wawg.org
(509) 659-0610 • (800) 598-6890
Subscriptions are $50 per year
WAWG EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
PRESIDENT
Ryan Kregger • Touchet
VICE PRESIDENT
Nicole Berg • Paterson
SECRETARY/TREASURER
Larry Cochran • Colfax
PRESIDENT EMERITUS
Eric Maier • Ritzville
APPOINTED MEMBERS
Ben Barstow • Palouse
Chris Herron • Connell
Remie DeRuwe • Connell
Wheat Life (ISSN 0043-4701) is published by the
Washington Association of Wheat Growers (WAWG):
109 E. First Avenue • Ritzville, WA 99169-2394
Eleven issues per year with a combined August/
September issue. Standard (A) postage paid at
Ritzville, Wash., and additional entry offices.
Contents of this publication may not be reprinted
without permission.
Advertising in Wheat Life does not indicate
endorsement of an organization, product or political
candidate by WAWG.
2 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2013
President’s Perspective
Education, education, education
By Ryan Kregger
It’s been a busy winter for WAWG. We just returned
from Florida after attending the Commodity Classic and
a National Association of Wheat Growers’ meeting. Days
before that, we were in Olympia, working on your behalf
to save our agricultural tax exemptions and other wheat
industry priorities. After each trip to urban America, I’ve
come to realize the vital need for agriculture to unite on
public relations and educating the masses. Those who
support labeling genetically engineered grocery store foods, for example, are
getting their information from somewhere. They are definitely not getting it from
us. Some are claiming that passing I-522 will save our wheat export markets. That
claim is flat out wrong (see more on page 6). I-522 has nothing to do with export
markets. And by the way, Japan imports and eats genetically engineered papayas.
Another example of misinformation is the public’s perception of family farms.
In 2011, WAWG conducted a statewide survey of the Washington public. The survey showed that an overwhelming majority of people like farmers, but they aren’t
sure why. They also don’t understand that family farmers are more than those
they meet at a farmers market. I’m a family farm, and so are my neighbors. In fact,
more than 90 percent of all farms in America are family owned and operated.
Many here in Washington are multigenerational farms with more than 100 years
on the land.
My friend and fellow farmer, Brad Issak of Coulee City, said we seem to have a
disconnect with the under-40 crowd. People over 40 seem to understand, in some
way, that agriculture is food. People under 40 have less of a connection. Many in
this category also don’t understand what farming is other than organic and smallproduction farming. There are many basic messages that Washington farming and
ranching groups can stand behind, such as redefining the term “family farm.”
I am pleased to tell you that your grain industry leadership has taken the first
step in funding a major education campaign in conjunction with our friends from
the Washington Potato Commission. Together, a subcommittee and staff from
both groups have designed an efficient and effective campaign targeting the
public. The goal is simple: educate the public about the food grown in Washington.
Food is the bridge between our farms and the consumer. As they learn about our
farms, hopefully they will understand better the reasons why we use certain tools
and practices. They will also understand better the economic impact the food and
farm industry has on our state.
This united approach will be different than what we are used to. It will require a
different look and feel. It will speak a different language and will require us to listen to consumers. Even though most of our wheat is exported, the decisions made
by our state consumers through elections and ballot initiatives will affect every
inch of our farms. Some call it “preserving our social license to farm.” I would add
that it is also a new step in preserving trust within our marketplace. In this case,
it is a marketplace that ensures our freedom to farm using practices that provide
safe, healthy and affordable food while being good stewards of the land.
This spring you will begin seeing the fruits of collaboration and hard work
between WAWG, the Washington Potato Commission and our PR partners. The
campaign, Washington Grown, will be introduced under the coalition named
Washington Farmers & Ranchers. We encourage other agricultural groups to join
us in this necessary education front. As this multiyear project grows, we look forward to meeting consumers, listening to their perspectives and explaining more
about how their food is grown.
Cover photo: Winter lingers on a wheat field along state Route 195 near Steptoe. All photos are
Shutterstock images or taken by Wheat Life staff unless otherwise noted.
Inside This Issue
WAWG President’s Perspective
Membership Form
WAWG at Work
Policy Matters
Double take
Research takes aim at increasing fiber in wheat
Benefitting from Barley
Grain’s star rising
Unwrapping ‘Wheat Belly’
Sorting fact from fiction
Out of the slammer
Releasing the diet prisoner
Profiles
Brian Cochrane
WGC Chairman’s Column
WGC Review
South Asia in the spotlight
WGC’s Scott Yates travels the region
Switching chairs
Q&A with Extension’s Rich Koenig
What does Douglas divine?
Looking at the PNW’s spring forecast
Nematode news
Tolerance, resistance in spring wheat
Crunching the numbers
Using bioinformatics to help wheat growers
WGC Wheat Watch
A Foundation to build on
Washington Trust for Historic Preservation
The Bottom Line
Quoteworthy
Your Wheat Life
Advertiser’s Index
2
4
6
16
24
28
36
42
44
49
50
54
60
62
63
66
68
70
76
78
80
82
Contributors
Ryan Kregger, president, Washington Association of Wheat Growers
Tom Zwainz, chairman, Washington Grain Commission
Scott A. Yates, communications director, Washington Grain Commission
Kevin Gaffney, ad sales manager, Wheat Life
Jim Jesernig, lobbyist, Washington Association of Wheat Growers
Craig T. Hunt, R.D., dietitian and nutritionist, Spokane
Richard W. Smiley, professor, Oregon State University
Dorrie Main, associate professor, Washington State University
Mike Krueger, president and founder, The Money Farm
Erica Mostek, Wheatland Bank
WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2013 3
WAWG MEMBERSHIP FORM
Thank you to our
current members
Please check level of membership
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WE NEED YOUR SUPPORT.
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WAWG’s current top priorities are:
✔ Preserve the ag tax preferences:
• Sales tax exemption on fertilizer and pesticides
• Ag wholesale B&O exemption
• Off-road fuel tax exemption
• Repair parts exemption
✔ Oppose any legislation that imposes
notice and buffer restrictions on
aerial pesticide applications.
✔ Preserve ag research funding at WSU.
Washington state continues to look for more revenue,
and farmers’ tax exemptions are on the list. If these are important
to your operation, join today and help us fight.
More member benefits:
Weekly Email correspondence
• Greensheet ALERTS • WAWG updates
• Voice to WAWG through opinion surveys
• National Wheat Grower updates
Washington Association
of Wheat Growers
109EastFirstAve.•Ritzville,WA99169
509-659-0610•800-598-6890•509-659-4302(fax)
www.wagrains.com
Call 800-598-6890 or visit www.wagrains.com
Because Washington State Crop Improvement
Association works with plant breeders from Land Grant
Universities and the Private Sector, we bring you the
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Our offices are located in the heart of the Palouse
at the Port of Whitman in Pullman, Wash.
2575 N.E. Hopkins Court Pullman WA 99163
www.washingtoncrop.com
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Washington legislature update
By Jim Jesernig
WAWG lobbyist
A person’s perception of the 2013 Legislative Session
at the end of February would largely depend on whether
that person was inside the “legislative process” or on the
outside looking in. Inside the House and Senate, committee activity and chaos accelerated to a fever pitch as the
“House of Origin-Policy Committee” cutoff deadline of
Feb. 22 came closer and closer. Frantic bill sponsors were
cornering harried committee chairmen in an effort to get
their favorite bill voted on. Frantic opponents of those
same bills cornered harried committee chairmen in their
efforts to get the bills killed.
On the other hand,
people watching the 2013
Legislature from the outside
would likely not have noticed the stressful chaos of
the coming cutoff deadline,
but would have instead
noticed the House Democrats’ transportation revenue package that was released that same week.
That package would raise approximately $10 billion over
the next decade with the help of a 10¢ increase in the gas
tax. Though there was quite a bit of news coverage of the
transportation tax package, the reality is that it will be
a while before that package begins to move. Unless the
state Supreme Court decides that the two-thirds requirement for a tax vote is unconstitutional, proponents of this
transportation package plan to send it to the voters in
November with a simple majority vote in both Chambers.
of this initiative intended to use this hearing as a platform for positive press, they also understand that the
2013 Legislature is not likely to adopt this initiative “as
is,” and it will therefore be forwarded to the voters on the
November ballot. Go to tvw.org/index.php?option=com_
tvwplayer&eventID=2013020115 to watch the hearing.
The press coverage following the hearing ended up being very balanced, with none of the splashy headlines we
had been concerned about. The Seattle Times ran the story
on page B2 and focused on the fact there wasn’t much
agreement between the proponents and opponents of that
initiative. The Times then ran an editorial telling people to
be wary of the claims made by proponents of I-522. That
editorial was quickly followed by similar editorials from
the Longview Daily News and the Wenatchee World.
Finally, SB 5041, a measure that would implement the
tax preference recommendations of the Joint Legislative
Audit Review Committee, received its first public hear-
2013 State
Legislative
Session Update
Earlier in February, Eric Maier, past president of WAWG
and state legislation committee chairman, testified against
the GM food labeling initiative, I-522, at the public hearing for that initiative in the Senate Agriculture, Water
and Rural Economic Development Committee. WAWG
was joined by all of the other major agricultural organizations, the food processors and the grocery stores in
stating their opposition to I-522. Though the supporters
Spokane County farmer Marci Green (left), Lincoln County farmer Kevin
Klein, Washington Wheat Ambassador J.D. Rosman and WAWG lobbyist
Jim Jesernig wait in the halls of the state Capitol to meet with Senators.
ing in front of the Senate Ways and Means Committee in
the middle of February. This is the bill that would repeal
much of the B&O exemption for agricultural sales at
wholesale. WAWG joined many business organizations in
opposing SB 5041. Testifying in opposition to this bill were
Dan Wood with the Washington Dairy Federation, Holy
Johnson with the State Grange and Jack Field with the
Cattleman’s Association. Though it is unlikely this bill will
move forward, a similar measure is likely to be seriously
entertained in the House.
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WAWG AT WORK
WAWG officer and Benton County farmer Nicole Berg (left) explains what farmers are proactively doing
for conservation to freshman Congresswoman Suzan DelBene (D-Bothell) and her aide, Julien Loh
(center). DelBene was placed on the U.S. House Agriculture Committee recently.
Another successful WAWG trip to Olympia
This has been an extremely successful winter for WAWG in Olympia.
Knowing that farmers need to tell their story more effectively, WAWG reached
out to as many legislators as possible in February. About a dozen farmers from
Eastern Washington trekked over the mountains to walk the halls of our state’s
capitol and strengthen old and new relationships. Together with the freshmen
that the officer team met in January, WAWG has met with more than 50 legislators this session, largely
those from outside Eastern
Washington.
In February, WAWG focused on meeting with as
many legislators, both urban and rural, Republican
and Democrat, as physically possible. The need to
have meetings primarily
with legislators from the
west side of the mountains
is critical if WAWG hopes
Since January, WAWG has met with more than 50 state
to educate Olympia about
legislators representing various eastside and westside districts
what’s happening in the
(red dots). A major focus has been to meet with as many
farm gate of the state. For
legislators as possible.
some of these urban legislators, this was their first time meeting a wheat farmer in person.
“True, our lobbyist is here working hard for us each day of the session,” explained WAWG’s State Legislation Committee Chairman, Eric Maier, who farms
near Ritzville. “But there’s no replacing the value legislators put on meeting
farmers face to face. We know our issues and can explain some things better
than anyone working on staff. We are the dirty hands and sweat behind the
stories. We are the real voices for the industry and legislators appreciate that.”
In addition to WAWG’s main priorities of saving tax exemptions, ag research,
balanced environmental laws and
opposing I-522, the group also
discussed additional funding for
the shortline rail system. Gov.
Gregoire’s new budget included
$2.5 million for maintenance on
the system. Recently, Rep. Clibborn
(D-Mercer Island) also unveiled a
statewide transportation package
with funding from a new 10¢ gas
tax. Clibborn’s package has additional funding for improvements and
maintenance of the shortline. After
discussing the package with various
legislators on both sides of the aisle,
this transportation package will
need some revisions before it can be
passed through either chamber.
The group also met with four
state agency leaders. They met with
current Director of Agriculture
Dan Newhouse, and then they met
with the newly appointed Director
of Ecology, Maia Bellon. The group
feels Bellon has the excitement and
competency to lead the agency in
a positive and balanced direction.
Most farming and ranching groups
were pleased with her selection.
Some of our group also met with
Ray Ledgerwood, who is serving
as the Washington Conservation
Commission’s interim executive
director while Mark Clark is on
sabbatical. Finally, a group also met
with the Commissioner of Public
Lands, Peter Goldmark. Discussion
with Goldmark centered around
conservation practices on state lands:
philosophy vs. reality. He was very
interested in the deep-furrow drill
program from the Lind research
station.
Washington
has representation
on House Ag
Committee
While on the west side of
the state, the officer team, Pam
Maier, Ambassador JD Rosman
and staff met with newly elected
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Congresswoman Suzan DelBene (D-Wash.) of Bothell. DelBene was placed on
the House Agricultural Committee, and she will be a critical voice in shaping
the future farm bill. DelBene shared her background and thoughts on where
the farm bill sits currently. She believes the dairy program will one of the major
hurdles initially for the bipartisan committee to work through before moving
forward.
President Obama’s budget proposal is expected to “zero out” the Food for
Peace and Food for Progress budgets and instead put that money in the disaster assistance account, which allows for more flexibility on local and regional
procurement and the use of cash. This change would have a direct impact on
supplies of wheat in the U.S. In fact, if food aid was an export market it would
be between wheat’s eighth and 11th largest market depending on the year.
WAWG urges delegates to support the Food for Peace and Food for Progress
budgets without reduction or elimination.
WAWG thanks members
CEO
Follow our journey at
VoicesAcrossThePlains.com
AG LINK
L KEVIN WHITEHALL,
CENTRAL WA GRAIN GROWERS
TANAQUIL R CLARKSON,
HERMANCE INSURANCE
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JOHN ANDERSON,
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instructions. Some crop protection products may not be
registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please
check with your local extension service to ensure registration
status. Axial,® the Alliance Frame, the Purpose Icon and the
Syngenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company.
Syngenta Customer Center: 1-866-SYNGENT(A) (796-4368).
www.FarmAssist.com
MW 17CE2047-V47 2/13
Martin|Williams Job No.
17CE2047-V47
Color: 4C
The Washington Association of Wheat Growers would like to thank
each and every member of our organization. You, the members, keep the
organization strong. The grassroots WAWG is built on keep the leadership, committees and board members moving forward in a positive way.
Without your support and activity, WAWG would not be the efficient and
effective organization it is today. Thank you all for your time and support.
Trim: 2.35" x 9.875"
JOIN US
AS WE TALK
TO GROWERS
ACROSS WHEAT
COUNTRY.
WAWG has again been working with our Congressional delegates for better
policy in 2013. This time, the specific goal is to stop a poor decision by the White
House.
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The officer team shared thoughts on crop insurance, conservation programs,
export markets, GMOs and a basic history of wheat farming in Washington.
While DelBene has some wheat growers in her district, there is a major difference in the markets of those farmers and the farmers of Eastern Washington:
niche domestic vs. commodity export. DelBene’s grasp of concepts was strong,
and the group felt she was both charismatic and inquisitive. Her background in
business, biotechnology and international affairs will be greatly appreciated.
Family
BRUCE & BARBARA ABBEY
JOHN P ARCHER JR
LYNN “PIP” & MARY AUSMAN
DARRELL & MARILYN BAFUS
PATRICK & RHONDA BARKER
MICHAEL & SANDRA BAUER
DALE & JOYCE BAUERMEISTER
DAVID & KAREN BAUMANN
REX BEAN
STEVE BERG
KEITH & SHELLEY BERGLUND
DAN & NANCY BICKELHAUPT
LARRY & CHRIS BISHOP
JAN & GAIL BLAIR
LYNN & KAREN BLAIR
TIM & LISA BLUMENSHEIN
DONALD & FAYE BODEAU
MARK & SANDRA BOOKER
LLOYD R BOURNE
MICHAEL & LAURA BOWE
DAVID & JENNIFER BRANDT
RANDY & TERRI BRANDT
RICHARD P & JESSE BRUNNER
STEVE & PATRICIA BUGHI
LINN & MARYLOIS BULEY
EMMITT & JULLIE CAIN
MERRILL & GLORIA CAMP
LINDA CLARK BARNES
BLAINE COCHRAN
EDWARD & LAURIE COCHRAN
JEFFREY COCHRAN
KELLY & REBECCA COCHRANE
ERMA COLYAR
MATTHEW B SMITH & CONNIE
L SMITH
LARRY & PAM CONOVER
DONALD & HELEN COWAN
JAY CRONK
NEIL & DONNA DAVEY
JACKSON & MINDY DAVIS
DAVID G & SHARON DAVIS JR
DEAN & BILLIE DECHENNE
DAVID & AMY DEGON
DEAN & SHARI DERBY
RUSSELL & JULIE DINGMAN
BRYAN DOBBINS
ROGER & JAN DORMAIER
IRENE DOSS
LEROY & JOANNE DRUFFEL
ROY L & CARLEY J DUBE
ROGER & MARY DYE
MICHAEL & KAREN EBERT
DENNIS & PENNY ELDER
VERN L & DOROTHY J ELDER
JAMES & SUSAN ELS
MICHAEL P & CATHERINE ENSLEY
MARY ANNE ENYEART
TRACY & KYE ERICKSEN
MATT ERWIN
STEVEN ERWIN
ROGER & JODY ETTER
ED & BETTY J FAURE JR
JACK & GLORIA FELGENHAUER
KARL & IONE FELGENHAUER
GREGORY J & TERRI FERREL
NEIL FINK
DONNA FISHER
DOUG FISHER
JENS & LOU ANN FOGED
CURT & SARAH FRANZ
RANDY & BARB FRANZ
GARY FRICKE
FRICKE FARMS
GARY & TONI GARMS
MARILYN V & WALT GEARHART
GARY GEIB
GENEVIEVE GEIB & NORMAN H
GEIB TEST TRUST
BRIAN & GAIL GERING
GORDON L & SUSAN J GERING
MARTIN & JOAN GERING
LESLIE & CAROLYN GOETZ
JAY GOLDMARK
PETER GOLDMARK
ALAN & PAT GRADWAHL
GEORGENE & MONESA GRANT
JOHN & PATRICIA GRANT
MARVIN & ANNA GRASSL
LONNIE & MARCI GREEN
STEVE & ELIZABETH HAIR
NORMAN J & MELISSA HANSEN
ROBERT L & MARJORIE HAWKINS
EVELYN HEIDER
JIM HEIDER
MARK & KIM HEIDER
RICK HEITSTUMAN
TOM & PEGGY HENNING
CURTIS R & ERIKA HENNINGS
DANA & VALERIE HERRON
IT TAKES HARD
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TO THE TOP.
IT TAKES A
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STAY THERE.
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Follow our journey as we talk with growers
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at VoicesAcrossThePlains.com.
© 2013 Syngenta. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some crop protection products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties.
Please check with your local extension service to ensure registration status. Axial,® the Alliance Frame, the Purpose Icon and the Syngenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta
Group Company. www.FarmAssist.com
MW 17CE2047-P1 1/13
WL
WAWG AT WORK
ALAN P & PAMELA
HIGGINBOTHAM
JOHN HINDERER
FLOYD C & BERTIE HONN
MERWIN & ELAINE
HOUGER
GEORGE H HOWARD
NORM HOWARD
WAYDE & KATHY
HUDLOW
JASON HUNTLEY
BOB & ANITA HUTCHENS
CHRIS HYER
JOHN HYER
MERLE & ELSIE JACOBSEN
HOBART G JENKINS
EDWARD J & SUZETTE
JOHNSON
FRANK H JOHNSON
JAMES T & HELEN
JOHNSON
JEFF H JOHNSON
EVAN JONES
GREGORY B & MURIEL
JORDAN
ANDY JURIS
RONALD JURIS
GEORGE & EILEEN KELLEY
ROBERT & JEANNETTE
KELLEY
CHARLES M & CAROL
KENO
JAMES & BARBARA KILE
RONALD & SHARON KILE
FRED J & GALE KIMBALL
KENT D KJACK
JAKE & ALISHA KLEIN
KEVIN & KAREN KLEIN
DENNIS KLEINBACH
HAROLD G KLEINBACH
JERRY KNODEL
JOSH KNODEL
ALAN & DARLENE KNOTT
ALLAN & ALICE KOCH
ROGER W & DIANE L
KOLLER
KENT KORTHUIS
ROBERT & PAULA
KRAMER
GARITH W KRAUSE
GERALD & ANN KRAUSE
RANDY KRAUSE
ROBERT B & BECKI
KRAUSE
RYAN & WENDI KREGGER
RANDALL E & DEBBIE
KULM
GARY & BART LARSEN
BRIAN LASHAW
ANNE LEGG
ROY LELAND
WARD LELAND
JAMES KENT & LISA
LUCAS
GLENN LUDEMAN
REX & JUANITA LYLE
ERIC & PAM MAIER
RON & FAYE MAINS
TOM & CINDY MAINS
ROBERT & JEAN MARBLE
MARTIN & LINDA MARLER
KEITH W MASTERSON
THOMAS W MASTERSON
MITCHEL MAYER
RAYMOND MAYER
MARILYN MCDONALD
MOON
MIKE & MARJATTA
MCGOURIN
PATRICK & DEBBIE
MCGOURIN
DON MCGREEVY
DONALD & REBECCA
MCHARGUE
DAVID & DIANNE
MCKINLEY
ALEX & BONITA MCLEAN
CHARLIE MEAD
MEILKE FARMS
WES G MELCHER
FRED MERRILL
JOHN & BARBARA MEYER
JIM MOON
DICK MOORE
SCOTT MOORE
LESTER & JOANN MOOS
12 DAVID MOREL
WALT & TONIE NEFF
CURTIS & SHERENE
NELSON
MICHAEL K & CLAUDIA
NICHOLS
NOLIN HILLS
GEORGE & GAIL O’NEAL
DAVID OSTHELLER
MARIAH OSTHELLER
LISA PATERNOSTER
PATRICK C KELLEY ESTATE
BRAD & SANDI PATTON
SAM & BARBARA
PERINGER
DONALD & KAREN
PHILLIPS
TERRY & SHEILA POE
LANCE & SUSAN POWERS
RICHARD J & SHARON
QUIRK
ELDON & MARY RABER
A JAMES REIHA
CLAIR J REIHA
AARON & AMY REIMER
GLEN A & NANCY
REINBOLD
GERALD SCHAFER
KEITH R & LEANNA
SCHAFER
MRS DORIS SCHAFER
REID & BETH SCHAFER
ARTHUR SCHICK
COLBY SCHLEE
RANDY SCHLEE
JOHN & KATHY
SCHLOMER
GERALD E & DOROTHY
SCHOESLER
HAROLD & ANNE
SCHULTHEIS
THOMAS & JOANNE
SCHULTZ
DONALD H & MARILYN
SCHULTZE
JAMES L SEIBER
GIL & SALINDA SHEFFELS
WESLEY & KELLY SIEG
PAUL G & CAROL
SIMONSON
MARK B & KATHLEEN
SMALL
ALAN SMICK
DALE SMICK
GLEN A & ADELLE SMITH
JEREMY SMITH
STACEY SMITH
TIM SMITH & MICHELLE
FODE SMITH
DAVID SNOW
SHERMAN A SNOW
RON SOLIDAY
DENNIS & DELORES
STONE
MICHAEL & TAMI STUBBS
RANDY & LAURIE SUESS
PETE & SANDI SWANNACK
THOMAS W SWANNACK
BILL & JACKIE TEE
JOSEPH M THOMAS
STEVE & TERRI THOMSEN
DON & NANCY TIMM
RONALD W & BEVERLY
TOMPKINS
TOMPKINS FAMILY FARM
JIM TRAVIS TR
MICHAEL A & ELIZABETH
TREIBER
DENNIS & LISA URBAT
RYLUND VAN LEUVEN
GLORIA M VICTOR
DOUGLAS & PHYLLIS
WAHL
RICHARD WAINSCOTT
JERRY & MOLLY WALKER
ROBERT & ANITA WALLI
BROCK WALTERS
DARREL & ALICE WALTERS
ERIC S WALTHEW
WAYNE WALTHEW
GREG & MICHELLE WARD
GENE WARREN
VAL & LEROY WATSON
DAROLD D & MARY ELLEN
WAX
EUGENE & FLORA
WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2013
WEIMERSKIRCH
KENNETH & JANINE
WEISS
DAVID WHITE
DELWIN & KAY WHITE
CHRIS WILEY
PAUL & LORRI WILLIAMS
RICHARD & REED
WISWALL
MIKE & CHERYL WOODS
Grower
A & E FARMS
PATRICIA L ADAMS
TRUSTEE
CORY AESCHLIMAN
JOHN E AESCHLIMAN
MIKE AESCHLIMAN
LESLIE AHRENS SMYTHE
GALE AKERS
FRED ALLINGTON
GEORGE ALLISON
JEANETTE D AMBROSE
JAMES AMERY
AL ANDERBERG
CARL ANDERSON
DONALD ANDERSON
LARRY ANDERSON
ROBERTA C ANDERSON
STEVE ANDERSON
DAN ANDREWS
SCOTT ANDREWS
DONNA ANDRUS
ERIC APPEL
RICHARD D APPEL
STEVEN APPEL
APPEL PRAIRIE FARM
MARK APPLEFORD
GARY ARATA
MICHAEL E ARCHER
TOM ARCHER
ARCHER FARMS
BRAD ARLT
BILL ARMSTRONG
DEAN H ARMSTRONG
JAN R ARMSTRONG
MERLE E ARMSTRONG
G W AUNE
L.G. AUNE
BRIT AUSMAN
KEITH AUSMAN
MADELYN E BAFUS
GARY BAILEY
KAYE BAILEY
MANTON BAILIE
BRENT BAIR
SALLY BAIRD
GERALD J BAKER
JAMES D BAKER
CLIFFORD V BARBRE
R EDWARD BARBRE
CLAY BARR
SCOTT & DOLLIE BARR JR
JAMES E BARRETT
RICHARD BARRY
JIM BAUER
JOHN BAUMANN
ROBERT A BAUMANN
JIM BAYE
JANET BEALE
LOREN BEALE
HAROLD BEARD
MICHAEL D BECKER
JASON BEECHINOR
JIM BEEKS
BERGERUD & BERGERUD
MARC BERGLUND
BERRYMAN
GRANDCHILDREN
RANCH
GLENN K BEST
ARTHUR L BETCHER
BETZ FARMS
VELMA C BIERMANN
RUSSELL BINGAMAN
JASON BLAIN
KEVIN L BLAIR
BILL BLESSINGER
KURT BLUME
DENNIS BLY
BRIAN BODEAU
DEAN BODEAU
BRAD K BOERSMA
SUSAN BOHM
CHERYL K BOIES
DEAN BOTHMAN
MARK A BOUCHEY
ROBERT BOYD
GALE BRAUN
ELLEN A BREWER
LINDA K BROECKEL-FRY
KAREN BROWN
LAWRENCE L BROWN
NEAL BROWN
ROSS BROWN
ELLWOOD BROWN
DAVID BROWNE
LILLIAN M BRUYA
MICHAEL D BUCKLEY
PHILIP J BUOB
WILLIAM BUOB
KEITH BURKHART
GARY BYE
SANDRA CADIEU
MRS. DWIGHT L
CALKINS JR
DALE A CAMERON
DEE CAMP
NONA CAMP
STEVE CAMP
CATHRYN CAMPBELL
ALLEN
CARL M CANFIELD
W BRUCE CARLSON
BARBARA CARMACK
NEIL CARPENTER
KURT CARSTENS
TODD CARSTENS
BRIAN CARSTENSEN
PETE CARSTENSEN
DOUG CASE
NORMAN CAVADINI
JOHN CHASE
JERRY CHATELAIN
DARYL CHESTERMAN
LYNN A CHILD
SCOTT CHRISTEN
C JOHN CHRISTENSEN
L CRAIG CHRISTENSEN
CHUCK SCHMIDT FARMS
DARREL W CLAASSEN
GENE CLAASSEN
KEITH CLAASSEN
STEVE CLAASSEN
ASA CLARK
MIKE CLAUSEN
ROBERT C CLAUSEN
CHAD CLEMENTS
ROBERT CLEMENTS
JACK CLERF
DAVID CLINTON
CRAIG CLOANINGER
J RICHARD CLOANINGER
JAMES L CLOANINGER
EVELYN COCHRAN
GLEN COCHRAN
LARRY COCHRAN
BRIAN COCHRANE
KEVIN COCHRANE
R PAUL COCKING
SCOT COCKING
TOM COCKING
JOHN COFFEY
EDITH COLE
RICHARD COLLEY
STEVE CONNORS
JAMES COORDES
LOUIS H COSNER
MARK COWEN
NELSON COX
ROBERT D COX
CARL CRIDER
CHRISTOPHER CRIDER
MARK CRONRATH
DARLENE L CROSBY
ROBERT M CUTLER
D.E. PHILLIPS FARM
REX DAINTY
TIMOTHY M DANAHER
JOHN DANAHY
KENNETH A DANIELSON
T.W. DASHIELL
GERALD R DAVIS
BERYL DAWKINS
DALE DECHENNE
LLOYD DECHENNE
JAN DEFFENBAUGH
DALLAS DEIFE
WILLIAM R DEIFE
DEVIN DEKKER
CHAD DENNY
KENNETH DEPUE
RAYMOND DERUWE
REMIE DERUWE
J L DEWITT
JAMES F DICKSON
CURT DIDIER
DON DIRKS
SUZY DIX
SAM DIXON
DAVID DOBBINS
DALLAS H DODD
SUE A DONALDSON
MICHAEL DONEEN
DANIEL DONOVAN
TOM C DONOVAN
DUANE DORMAIER
JERRY DORMAIER
JIM DOUGLAS
ARTHUR DRUFFEL
DALE DRUFFEL
JOHN DRUFFEL
NORMAN DRUFFEL
STAN DRUFFEL
JUDITH A DUBE
PETER J DUFAULT
RANDY DUNCAN
GARY DURHEIM
ALVEN L DYCK
E.L & J.H RAY FARMS
JANE EBERLE
RALPH H EBY
DORIS EFFMAN
LEE EICKMEYER
JOHANNA D ELLIS
BRAD ELY
JASON EMERSON
JEFF EMTMAN
RANDY EMTMAN
ROBERT EMTMAN
ROY EMTMAN JR
FERNANDO ENRIQUEZ
TIM ENSLEY
BRENT ERDMANN
GARY ERICKSON
MICHAEL ERWIN
PATRICK ESCURE
JAMES R ESLICK
ESTHER JOHNSON REV
LIVING TRUST
DEAN C FARRENS
CRAIG FEENAN
DON J FERREL
DENNIS FIESS
ERNIE FILAN
LOREN L FISHER
CHRIS FITZGERALD
EARL W FITZGERALD
CHRIS FITZNER
DOUG FITZSIMMONS
WAYNE FITZSIMMONS
DOUG FLANSBURG
FRED FLEMING
SHANNON FLEMING
MARCUS E FLERCHINGER
ALLEN FORD
BRAD FORGEY
KIRK FORTNER
WILLIAM D FOULKES
FRANCISCO TRUST
FRANK GROH ESTATE
MARGARET FRANZ
ROBINSON
JOE FRAZIER
BARBARA A FRIDLEY
DAVE FULFS
STEVE FULFS
TRAVIS FULFS
G & D MOON,
PARTNERSHIP
ROBERT GAFFNEY
ALMA GALBREATH
AMY JO GALBREATH
DALE GALBREATH
GARY GALBREATH
GREG GALBREATH
BART GALLANT
ERMA LOU GALT
JERRY L GARDNER,
MANAGER
E ROSALIE GARROUTTE
RICHARD GARVER
GEORGE GAULT
CHEP R GAUNTT
GREG W GEIB
CHRISTOPHER GERING
CURTIS GERING
WARREN G GERING
AARON GFELLER
GALE O GFELLER
STAN GFELLER
STEVE GFELLER
GARY GIBSON
PATRICK H GIES
RANDY GIES
HEATH GIMMESTAD
MR PAUL GLASCO
ROBERT GOLDSWORTHY
JR
GEORGIA W GORDON
JON GORDON
GREG GORHAM
SCOTT V GORHAM
GARY GORMLEY
RONALD D GRANHOLM
DAN & JERRI GRANT
MARK S GRANT
SALLY W GRANT
JASON GRAY
MARK GREENE
CURTIS GREENWALT
PAUL C GROSS
TODD GUHLKE
WILLIAM GUHLKE
DAVID GUMM
DEAN GUMM
KENNETH W GUST
MICHAEL GUST
MARK F HACKNER
CRAIG HADEN
PAT HAILEY
LAUREN HAIR
RICHARD E HAIR
JOHN E HAIR III
GREG HALL
MARGUERITE A HALL
MARK HALL
MARTY HALL
JOE HALVERSON
ROBERT HALVORSON
ROBERT HALVORSON JR
BYRON HAMILTON
DAVID HAMILTON
MICHAEL HAND
MICHAEL HAND
LEE J HANFORD
DAVE HANNAS
LARRY HANSEN
HERMAN HARDER
REX H HARDER
TERRI HARDER
WM. GEO HARDER
WILLIAM HARDER JR
LLOYD K HARDING
TERRY HARDING
TOM HARDING
TOM & TERRY HARDING
DENNIS HARDY
MERLE HARLOW
JAMES HARRI
ROBERT W HARRIS
BRUCE HART
FRANK E HART JR
JOHN M HAVLINA
JAMES L HAYES
KEVIN HAYES
JOHN HEATHMAN
CARL HEDREEN
MICHAEL R HEER
BRADLEY J HEIDER
HERSCHEL HEIMBIGNER
ROSS HEIMBIGNER
WILLIAM G HEIN
PAT HEINEN
LELAND HELLBERG
MARK H HEMINGWAY
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NONA HENGEN
NICK HENNING
STEVE HENNING
HAROLD HENNINGS
RONALD J HENNINGS
SCOTT & MICHELLE
HENNINGS
WILLARD C HENNINGS
DENNIS HERDRICK
CHRIS HERRES
BILL HIGGINBOTHAM
JAKE J HILL
DANIEL R HILLE
PAUL N HINDERER
HOCTOR RANCHES
MYRON J HODGSON
CURTIS HOFFMAN
JEFF HOLDERBY
DOUG HOLLENBACK
JOHN LESTER HOLMES
BRUCE L HONN
WILLIAM HOUCHIN
LOREN T HOUGER
GARY HOUSER
JEROME HOVRUD
TERRY HOWE
L KENNETH HOWELL
ROD HUBNER
WILLIAM HUGHES
DENNIS HULL
A DALE HUTCHENS
CLAY HUTCHENS
TODD IMESON
BRIAN ISAAK
LARRY IVERSON
HARVEY A. JACOBS
DOUG JACOBSON
CHESTER A JAHNS JR
HOLLIS JAMISON
RUSSELL L JAMISON
CARY JANSON
MELVIN K JANTZ
NEIL A JESKE
DAVID JOHNSON
NANCY JOHNSON
ORMAN W JOHNSON
ROBERT K JOHNSON
JOYCE JOLLEY
ALAN D JONES
DAVID F JONES
GREG JONES
RICK JONES
ROSS JORDAN
BETTY L JORGENSEN
CHRIS JORGENSEN
KEITH JORGENSEN
OWEN JORGENSEN
SHILOH JORGENSEN
ROBERT H JURIS
CLARK KAGELE
KAGELE ACRES
JOHN W KAMERRER
MARK KANE
KEATTS FARMS
FRED W KELLER
GEORGE KENO
KENNETH C KENO
P. ERNEST KIMBLE
VERNON L KIMBLE
JIM KINCAID
MIKE KINCAID
GORDON A KING
BERT KINMAN
TIM KINTSCHI
JEFF KINZER
WILLIAM J KINZER
DALE KISLER
BRADLEY R KJACK
ALLAN E KLEINBACH
MARGE KLOSTER
GREG KNAPP
KENNETH KNIVETON
STACY KNIVETON
RUBEN KNODEL
BRIAN J KNOPP
JAMES BRADLEY KNOTT
BRIAN KOLLER
LARRY E KOLLER
RANDY KOLLER
ROBERT KOLLER
KEITH & HEIDI KOPF
DAVID H KOSA
MARK R KRAMER
LARRY KRAUSE
CHRIS KREGGER
LARRY H KRUGER
STEVE KRUPKE
RYAN KUCH
ALLEN KUEST
FRED M KULM
MELVERN E LAIDLAW
DOUGLAS LAMBERT
MARK LAMBERT
MARJORIE LANDRETH
STEVE LANDT
CHRIS & LINDA LANEY
DAVID LANGE
MILDRED B LANSING
GARY LARGENT
MICHAEL LARGENT
BRANDON LARMER
MIKE LASHAW
ED LAWRENCE
EDWARD LEAHY
FOR SPRING CROP SEEDING,
WE’VE GOT YOUR DRILL!!
Push Your Wheat
to Higher Yields!
John Deere 1910 Air Seeder 44’
Great Plains 40’ drill
with cultivator, double disc and
with double disc and press wheels
press wheels........................$89,900 (U1770) ................................$49,999
Sunflower 20’ drill
with small seed attachment and
foam marker U627) .............$32,800
John Deere 455
double disc grain drill...........$26,000
More Drills, Tillage Equipment, Tractors & Combines Available.
PASCO, WA
MOSES LAKE, WA
888-547-9003
888-752-0430
CoRoN Provides Steady,
Reliable Nitrogen
CoRoN can give your wheat crop the nitrogen it needs
in your push for higher, more productive yields.
This unique, liquid controlled-release nitrogen product gives your crop a uniform supply of nitrogen for
weeks. After application, CoRoN is taken up by the crop
and stored. Then it is converted into a usable nitrogen
form and released to the crop–as needed–for strong,
sustained growth.
CoRoN is easy to apply and much safer to your crop
than standard foliar nitrogen applications. After
application, it remains on the plant much longer than
water-soluble nitrogen solutions, making it a perfect
tank-mix partner for many crop protection products.
CoRoN also has minimal volatility.
Ask your Helena representative how technologically
advanced CoRoN can help you push your wheat crop to
higher yields.
• Extended controlled release of nitrogen
• Uniform, enhanced plant uptake
• More crop safety than standard foliar
N products
• Minimal volatilization
• Excellent translocation within plant
• Good tank-mix partner with many crop
protection products
509-547-9003
1703 E. James St.
509-765-1257
1201 E. Yonezawa Blvd.
TWO LOCATIONS TO SERVE YOU
Financing provided by CNH Capital
©2010 CNH America LLC. All rights reserved. Case IH is
a registered trademark of CNH America LLC. CNH Capital
is a trademark of CNH America LLC. www.caseih.com
LLC
AgVentures NW
Bulk or Retail Seed Sales: In-Dirt or Clean
Treated with Dividend Extreme (custom treatments available)
Increased crop yields by 2+ bushels
in several years of field tests
Hard White Spring Wheat
Certified BR7030
Certified Otis
Certified Hartline
Soft White Spring Wheat
Certified Diva
Certified Louise
WB 1035 CL
Spring Barley
Certified Champion
Bestford Hay Barley
Certified Lenetah
Spring Club Wheat
Certified Eden
Certified JD
Dark Northern Spring
AgriPro 605 CL
AgriPro Bullseye
Others By Request
Canola
Roundup Ready
Others By Request
RoundUp Ready Alfalfa
We recommend our WSCIA Certified Seed!
Always read and follow label directions. CoRoN & People...Products...Knowledge... are registered trademarks of Helena Holding Company. © 2013 Helena Holding Company.
Helena Chemical Company • 7664 Smythe Farm Rd.
Memphis, TN 38120 • 901-752-4414 • www.helenachemical.com
For more information call:
Harrington Seed Office: 509-253-4604
Paul’s Cell: 509-348-0060
Odessa Seed Office: 509-982-2691
e-mail: seed@agventuresnw.com
website: www.agventuresnw.com
WL
WAWG AT WORK
LUKE LEDGERWOOD
SAM LEDGERWOOD
STEVEN R LEDGERWOOD
LINDSEY LEFEVRE
LESLIE W LEPERE
TRACY L LESSER
LESTER WOLF FARMS.
BILL LILJE
PHILLIP M LILLENGREEN
JON LINK
GERALD L LIPPS
JAMES M LLEWELLYN JR
JIM LLOYD
ALAN LOEBSACK
ERIK LOGEN
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GARY LUFT
PAUL LUTZENBERGER
ROGER S LYBECKER
CHRIS LYLE
KEVIN J LYLE
DAVID T LYONS
TIM LYONS
KEVIN MADER
GERALD MAGILL
CHARLES A MAIDEN
BILL MAINS
TONY L MAINS
BILL MALEY
BOB MALEY
PAUL MALONE
MANTZ MCKINNEY RANCH
MELVIN J MARSH
EDWARD F MARTIN
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MIKE D MCCARTY
GUY MCCAW
JACK MCCAW
RONALD D MCCLURE
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H E MCDONALD
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MARK MCKAY
TRAVIS MCKAY
PAT MCKEIRNAN
RON MCKINLEY
MCKINLEY & MCKINLEY
ROBERT MCKINNEY
NANCY MCKINNON
DAVID M MCNEILLY
DOUGLAS D MCRAE
SKIP MEAD
MARY MEEKER
DEAN H MELVILLE
SHIRLEY A MELVILLE
MELVIN F KAGELE ESTATE
CHUCK MERCER
MAXINE MERCER
MERRITT FARMS
GERALD W MESERVE
FRANK M MIANECKI JR
WILLIAM MIDDLETON
GEORGE W MIELKE
ROBERT MIELKE
RON MIELKE
DARRELL MILES
NILE MILLAM
DEAN MILLER
GEORGE MILLER
JACK G MILLER
JOE MILLER
LARRY MILLER
MATT MILLER
MICHAEL MILLER
MAC MILLS
LAURA MINNICK
RANDY MITTELSTAEDT
MRS PAULINE R MOECKEL
KEVIN L MOELLER
LINDA MOHR
GARY MONSON
JASON MONSON
KENT MONSON
DEVIN MOON
CARL C MOORE
COREY MOORE
STEVEN D MOORE
TOM MOORE
14 DANIEL MOORE
PHILIP E MOORE JR
RICHARD MOOS
ROBERT A MORASCH
JOHN W MORGAN
WARREN MORGAN
KEITH E MORRIS
STEVE MORRIS
D COURTNEY MORSE
ROBERT E MORTON
WALTER C MUNDT
MICKEY MURPHY
CLINT MYERS
JIM MYERS
STEPHEN NAUGHT
JAMES NEACE
WARREN NEAL
CHRIS NEILSEN
BRUCE NELSON
BRUCE NELSON
DALE F NELSON
ERIC NELSON
LENORA A NELSON
MIKE NELSON
GARY A NIBLER
RICHARD NIELSON
MARVIN H NORRIS
MARY H O’BRIEN
DON OEHLWEIN
DUANE OEHLWEIN
E W OESTREICH
HAROLD A OLIVER
JON L OLSON
RICH OLSON
JOAN MARY ORTH
P & P TRUCK & TRAILER REPAIR
ALICE PARKER
WM M PARKER
KEVIN J PAULSON
DAVID PEARSON
ROBERT O PENCE
JAY PENNER
DAVID W PETERSCHICK
THOMAS M PETERSEN
HELEN A PETERSON
JERRY W PETERSON
KELLY PETERSON
BRUCE H PETTY
TOM PETTY
STEWART PFAFF
ALICE PHILLIPS
REID M PHILLIPS
CLAUDE PIERRET
MARTIN PIERRET
CORLEEN PITTMAN
LYNN PITTMAN
ROBERT G PLUCKER
STEVE C PLUCKER
RYAN POE
H THOMAS POOLE
DENNIS W POTTRATZ
FEVREL W PRATT
DAVID L PRESTON
CAROLYN PRIEST
PAUL PROUDFOOT
CECELIA J QUIRK
DONALD L QUIST
JERRY RADACH
SARAH RAHLFS
CHRIS E RAMSEY
NANCY RAMSTEDT
RHON RASCHKO
LANCE RASMUSSEN
KIRK RATHBUN
DENNIS REA
ROBERT REA
JIM REDMAN
VICTOR REEVE
RICH REMINGTON
BILL RENNEWANZ
RANDY REPP
PHILIP F RESER
BECKY RETTKOWSKI
RICHARD S RICE
RICHARD HAIR
LORNA RICHMOND
WILLIAM RIECKMANN
VERLA RIGSBY
MAXINE RING
PATRICK RINGWOOD
DARRELL ROBERTS
DON W ROBERTS
VIC ROBERTS
PETER E ROBISON
JACK RODRIGUES
STEVE ROSBACH
DAVID ROSEBERRY
DAN ROSEBURG
FRED ROSMAN
GARRY ROSMAN
JEFF ROSMAN
DALE ROSS
DAVID RUARK
KIM RUNKEL
BOB RUPAR
TRACY RUSH
ANDY RUSTEMEYER
JACK RYAN
ALBERT SACKMANN
GLORIA H SACKMANN
SID SACKMANN
WARREN SACKMANN
SCOTT SAMPLE
DIANNE SAMS
BRENDA SANCHEZ
ANTHONY SARSFIELD
JUDITH SAUER
TERRY L SCHAEFFER
FRED SCHARFF
TOM SCHARFF
DAN SCHARPENBERG
PAUL SCHELLER
MONTE SCHILPEROOT
ROLAND SCHIRMAN
DAN SCHLEE
JASON SCHLEE
B GERALD SCHMICK
JOE SCHMICK
CHARLES J SCHMIDT
MICHAEL SCHMITT
ALBERT SCHMITZ
JOE A SCHMITZ
DAN SCHNEIDER
JOHN M SCHOESSLER
ERNEST H SCHOLZ
KEVIN SCHOLZ
TODD SCHOLZ
MICHAEL P SCHRAG
SCHREINER-TUTTLE FARMS
RICHARD SCHU
JEFF SCHULKE
ART SCHULTHEIS
CHRIS SCHULTHEIS
KAREN D SCHULTHEIS
TOM SCHULTHEIS
GREG SCHULTZ
CHARLES SCHWAB
STANLEY J SCHWARTZ
MAX O SCOGGIN
ALLAN R SCOTT
ROGER L SCOTT
LORUS W SCRUPPS
PHILIP M SEALOCK
MATTHEW SEIBLY
MARTHA SELANDER
SALLY SEMLER
JEFF SHAWVER
TOM SHEER
STEVE SHEFFELS
RON SHERWOOD
SHIRL MOON RANCH
STEVEN SHOUN
ROBERT J SIEG
FAYE SIEGFRIED
BILL SIEVERKROPP
DONALD SIEVERKROPP
ROBERT R SIEVERS
WILLIAM SIEVERS
MIKE SILER
DENNIS SIMMELINK
CLYDE L SIMMONS
DAVID E SIMPSON
RICHARD D SIMPSON
THOMAS A SIMPSON
BEN W SITTON
GARY SLAYBAUGH
SLR FARMS
D NEAL SMICK
CHAD W SMITH
DARREL K SMITH
DUANE SMITH
HOWARD P SMITH
J READ SMITH
MARJORIE G SMITH
NICK T SMITH
SHARON C SMITH
STEPHEN W SMITH
HOWARD P SMITH JR
JERRY L SNYDER
MIKE SODORFF
TOM SORENSEN
ROGER C SPARKS
JOE ST JOHN
ARCHIE D STALEY
FRANCES M STEEL
TARRI STEIGER
MICHAEL STELZER
WILLIAM R STODDARD
ALAN D STONE
LINDA STONECIPHER
WM D STONECIPHER
STONECIPHER RANCHES
JOHN F STRATTON
ALAN STROMBERGER
GEORGE STRUTHERS
TIFFANY STRUTHERS
TOM STRYCULA
JEFF STUHLMILLER
ARTHUR D SWANNACK
DAVID L SWANNACK
STEVE SWANNACK
NANCY LEE SWEARENGEN
CHET SWIFT
DENNIS SWINGER JR
ED TALBOTT
MIKE TALBOTT
GLEN TANKE
DOUGLAS TANNEBERG
LARRY TANNEBERG
DALE TAYLOR
STEVE TAYLOR
MIKE TEE
RONALD G TEE
JAMES R TEEL
CHESTER TEMPLIN
WAYNE TETRICK
THE CRAIG BURDINE
IRREVOCABLE PART
CHARITABLE REMAINDER
TRUST
GUY THERRIEN
PATRICK A THIEL
DEAN J THOMPSON
JOHN THOREN
ERIC THORN
BRIAN K TIEGS
GILBERT TOMLINSON
ELIZABETH F TONER
TOWNLEY BROTHERS
TED TSCHIRKY
DONALD E TSCHRITTER
JAMES R TUPLING
LARRY TUPLING
JOANNE TURK
RICK TURNER
LEONARD R VAN BUREN
DARRELL VAN DYKE
MURRAY VAN DYKE
JERRY VAN HOLLEBEKE
WADE VAN HOLLEBEKE
MANETTA VAN LEUVEN
NEIL B VAN TINE
AARON VIEBROCK
ANTHONY VIEBROCK
KAREN VIEBROCK
JIM VINTI
ALAN VOISE
RYAN VOLD
ROD VON LEHE
JACOB VOWELS
GREG WAGNER
JEFF WAGNER
KEN WAGNER
LES WAGNER
KERRY D WAHL
DEAN WAKE
NICK WALDHER
REGIE WALDHER
DONALD E WALKER
TIMOTHY WALSH
WALLY WALTER
DOUGLAS WALTERS
JON WALTERS
WALTERS AG
J L WANDLING
WAVERLY WARWICK
ROGER WATKINS
BARRY A WATSON
BILL WATSON
DENNIS WATSON
JOHN C WATSON
NAT WEBB
DAVID WEBER
DAVID A WEBER
MARTIN WEBER
DENNIS L WELLSANDT
ROGER WESSELMAN
BART WHITAKER
DENNIS T WHITE
KAREN WHITE
CAROL WHITE-KIRKMAN
LANSE WHITEHALL
JON WHITMAN
MARK WHITMORE
RYAN WIATER
DUANE WIDMAN
LES WIGEN
PETER WIGEN
FRED J WILCOX
LARRY D WILCOX
LARRY WILKERSON
FRED A WILKINS
DAN WILLIAMS
DELBERT WILLIAMS
WILLIAMSON FARMS
CRAIG WILLSON
LUCILLE WILLSON
BEVERLY WILSON
GENE WIRTH
EDWARD J WOLF
JAMES E WOLF
RAY WOLF
SAM WOLF
GARY A WOLLWEBER
JUSTIN WOLLWEBER
JASPER WOMACH
ERIC WYBORNEY
REX WYBORNEY
JAMES WYLIE
GARY PAUL ZAGELOW
ALLAN ZECCHINO
Industry
Supporter
Abajian Toyota Scion
CHRIS HOLT,
ADAMS COUNTY FSA
AG ENTERPRISE SUPPLY
AG FORESTRY LEADERSHIP
AGRI SPRAY
AGRIBUSINESS COUNCIL
ALMIRA FARMERS WHSE CO
AMERICANWEST BANK
ANDERSON+COMPANY, PLLC
ARROW MACHINERY
ASSOCIATED INDEPENDENT
AGENCIES
ASSOCIATION OF WA AERIAL
APPLICATORS
B & R AERIAL CROP CARE
BAKER BOYER BANK
BURBANK, WA BANNER BANK
BLUE MOUNTAIN AVIATION
BUCK & AFFILIATES
INSURANCE WEST
Capital Press Newspaper
CARPENTER, MCGUIRE &
DEWULF, P.S.
CENTURY PUBLISHING
CF INDUSTRIES
CHIPMAN & TAYLOR
CHEVROLET-OLDSMOBILE
CHRIS ARNBERG INSURANCE
AGENCY
COBANK NATIONAL BANK
COLUMBIA AGRICULTURE
CONSULTANTS
COLUMBIA COUNTY GRAIN
GROWERS
CLARKSTON, WA COLUMBIA
GRAIN
PULLMAN, WA COLUMBIA
GRAIN INTERNATIONAL
CONOVER INSURANCE
DR R JAMES COOK
COUNTRY FINANCIAL
CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES,
ALMIRA, WA
COULEE CITY, WA
POMEROY, WA
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DAVE’S AUTO BODY & GLASS
DAVENPORT UNION
WAREHOUSE
WILLIAM D DOOR
DOUGLAS E HILLE DDS
MARK PEDERSON, DOW
AGROSCIENCES
DOW AGROSCIENCES
DOYLE ELECTRIC
DUPONT CROP PROTECTION
DUSTY FARM CO-OP
ED POE AGENCY INSURANCE
EPHRATA AUTO PARTS
FARM & HOME SUPPLY
FARM CREDIT SERVICES
FARMINGTON STATE BANK
GALLATIN PUBLIC AFFAIRS
DIRK A GLESSNER
GREAT PLAINS MFG
GUINN ENTERPRISES
HAGER SEED PROCESSING
HANSEN HARVESTER
DAVID HERRON
HILLE SPRAY SERVICE
HORSE HEAVEN GRAIN
HUB INTERNATIONAL
INLAND EMPIRE MILLING CO.
JESS FORD OF PULLMAN
JOHNSON SEED
KD INVESTORS
KIRKPATRICK, UTGARD &
PERRY P.S.
L & G RANCH SUPPLY.
LAMONT GRAIN GROWERS
BRIAN MADISON, LEFFEL OTIS
& WARWICK
JIM LEFFEL, LEFFEL OTIS &
WARWICK
LANCE TOWER, LEFFEL OTIS &
WARWICK
TODD OTIS, LEFFEL OTIS &
WARWICK
LEWIS CLARK TERMINAL
LIND DRYLAND EXPERIMENT
STATION
LLOYDS & BLUE MOUNTAIN
INSURANCE
M K COMMODITIES
MACHINERY LINK
HELEN J MALBY
MCDONALD ZARING
INSURANCE
MEL HENKLE CPA
MICHAEL JAY’S RESTAURANT
MICRO-AG
MID-COLUMBIA INSURANCE
MINNICK - HAYNER
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
DENNIS W MORGAN
NELSON IRRIGATION
CORPORATION
NORTHWEST FARM CREDIT INS
SERVICES
NORTHWEST FARM CREDIT
SERVICES, LEWISTON, ID
SERVICES, MOSES LAKE, WA
SERVICES, SPOKANE, WA
SERVICES, SPOKANE, WA
SERVICES, WALLA WALLA,
WA
SERVICES
NOVOZYMES BIOLOGICALS
NU CHEM
OREGON STATE
UNIVERSITY-CBARC
PALOUSE GRAIN GROWERS
PASSMORE AVIATION
PERIPHERAL VISION
POMEROY GRAIN GROWERS
PORT OF DOUGLAS COUNTY
PRIMELAND COOPERATIVES
PUGET SOUND ENERGY,
DAYTON, WA
PUGET SOUND ENERGY ,
POMEROY, WA
QUALLS AGRICULTURAL
LABORATORY
REESE, BAFFNEY, FROL &
GROSSMAN, P.S.
RITZVILLE PARTS HOUSE
JERRY ROBINSON,
WASHINGTON STATE
CROP IMPROVEMENT
ASSOCIATION
RURAL COMMUNITY
INSURANCE SERVICE
S C COMMUNICATIONS
SCAFCO GRAIN SYSTEMS
SCHAEFER REFRIGERATION
SNIDER TRUCKING SERVICE
SPENCE TIRE FACTORY
SS EQUIPMENT
STOESS MFG
DON MCQUARY, STONEBRAKER
MCQUARY INSURANCE
KENT R MEACHAM,
STONEBRAKER MCQUARY
INSURANCE
SUNSHINE SALES &
MARKETING
SYNGENTA
T & S SALES
THE MCGREGOR COMPANY,
RETAIL STORE, COLFAX, WA
COLFAX, WA
CONNELL, WA
CRESTON, WA
DAVENPORT, WA
DAYTON, WA
ELTOPIA, WA
ENDICOTT, WA
GARFIELD, WA
HORSE HEAVEN HILLS, WA
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LEWISTON, ID
LIND, WA
OAKESDALE, WA
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POMEROY, WA
PULLMAN, WA
QUINCY, WA
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SPRAGUE, WA
THE MCGREGOR COMPANY, ST.
JOHN, WA
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TOUCHET, WA
UNIONTOWN, WA
WAITSBURG, WA
WALLA WALLA, WA
WASHTUCNA, WA
WILBUR, WA
THE MCGREGOR COMPANY/
COLUMBIA SEED,
HARRINGTON, WA
COLUMBIA SEED, WALLA
WALLA, WA
COLUMBIA SEED, WARDEN,
WA
THOMSEN INSURANCE
TOWNSEND SEEDS
TRI-CITIES GRAIN
TRI-STATE SEED COMPANY
UNION ELEVATOR &
WAREHOUSE CO
US BANK
DAVID PAUL USDA-RISK
MANAGEMENT AGENCY
MARK SAAM WA ST CROP
IMPROVEMENT ASSN
WAGNER SEED COMPANY
WALLA WALLA FARMERS
COOP
WATERVILLE FAMILY GROCERY
WHITGRO
WHITMAN COLLEGE
WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY
WILHELM SEED
BRIAN A WINSLOW
WAWG AT WORK
R DENNIS ROE WSU
RALPH CAVALIERI,
WSU -DIRECTOR OF
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
CTR
AARON ESSER WSU CO-OP
EXTENSION
BILL SCHILLINGER WSU CROP
& SOIL SCIENCES
JIMMY YAMAMOTO
Landlord
JANET ABRAMS
L. CLIFFORD ADAMS
LENORE ADAMS
PAMELA ADLAND
FRED ALDERSON
PAULA W ALDRICH
ROBERT E ALLAN
DOUG ANDERSON
MARSHALL ANDERSON
ETHEL C ANDERSON TRUSTEE
DEAN ANGELL
SYLVIA ARBELBIDE
ROSIE ARCHER
C MICHAEL ARLAND
ROBERT E AUVIL
C DARYLL BAHR
GERALDINE BALDWIN
SHIRLEY BALDWIN
BILL BARTON
MIDGE BASHAW
MARY B BAYNE
RALPH BEATTIE
BECKLEY-SHELMAN FARM
AUDREY C BENNER
CLIFFORD D BERGERON
SHANE BERQUIST
LELAND R BESEL
ANNIE H BICKFORD
MAXINE BISHOP
JOANNE BOLICK
TERESA BOWMAN
GENEVA BRANNAN
ROY BREILER
JACQUE BROCK
JANINE BRODINE
DALE BROECKEL
LAEL BROOKS
INEZ BROWELEIT
TERRY J BROWN DVM
CHARLES BUCH
LYNN BUCKLEY
SUSAN E. BULLOCK
E DALE BUOB
BARBARA BURT
LAWRENCE L BUSE
LARRY BUSSELL
BARRY BUTH
DICK CAMP
DONNA L CAMP
MRS. LUELLA CANNON
BARBARA CARLTON
CECILE L CARPENTER
GEORGE W CARPY
MAY Y CARRELL
MARVIN D CARSTENS
DAVID B CASPER
BARRY CHABRE
DEANNA L CHAPPELL
RUTH CHRISTIANSON
BRENDA CLARK
LAURIE CLARK
ALICE L CLAUSEN
AGNES A CLEM
ROBERT CLINE
MERILYN G CLIZER
EILEEN CLOUSE
PAUL D CLUSTER
DOLORES A COLE
REV. ERNEST W. COLLARD
LANCE J COLYAR
ELLEN A CONKLIN
ELLSWORTH CONOVER
CAROL CORNEHL TIEGS
SUSAN COX
VICKY CRAMPTON
G M CROSS
MAC CROW
MARCIA CULVER
JOANN CVENGROS
SHIRLEY DALING
ROBERT DANFORTH
HARRY E DAVIS
JESSE T DAVIS
MARY LILLIAN DAVIS
MICHAEL A DAVIS
ROBERT DEIFE
WANDA K DIRKS
DWYLA DONOHUE
DONNA J DOUGLASS
GEORGIA R DOVER
LEONARD DOWD
MR. ROBERT F DRUFFEL
PATTY DRUFFEL
ADELE G DRUMMOND
DAVID E ECCLES
EM-BREN FARMS
JEAN ENGLISH
FERN ENOS NAFZIGER
JACK P ENSLEY
DAVID ENSOR
GARY ESKELSON
EVAN & SONS JV
GREG P FARRENS
DONALD FELGENHAUER
NEIL FELGENHAUER
DORIS L FILAN
MAURICE FINK
NADINE FINLEY
LAURA FISHER SMITH
JAMES FITZGERALD
H. DEAN FITZSIMMONS
MARSTON FITZSIMMONS
TODD FLACK
CHARLENE FLANIGAN
BETTY ANN FLETCHER
WILLIAM J FOSTER JR
G LOUISE FOX
MINNIE FRANZ
NANCY FRANZ
VICTOR R FRANZ
JACK FREDRICKSON
MONA M FRERIKS
G. A. REESE FARM
KEVIN GAFFNEY
MARY F GANGUET
ECHO E GEISSLER
GENE GERKEY
MARY GEY-MCCULLOCH
CAROLYN GILES
LARRY E GLESSNER
GILBERT N GOODWATER
DAVID B GORDON
JOHN A GOSE
PHELPS R GOSE
JOSEPH E GRANT
NANCY GRANT
WALTER J GRAY
BARBARA GRIFFITH
ROBERT GROGAN
RONALD R GROOM
RUTH GUST
RICHARD HAGWELL
HALF CIRCLE R ENTERPRISES
CLAUDIA HALSEY
KATHY HAMBELTON
MICHAEL W HARDIN
GERALD W HARDY
JOHN HART
RICHARD HART
LAWANA HARTING
RONALD HAWKINS
LETIA HAYWARD
ELEANOR HEINEMANN
ROBERT M HEINEMANN
ALAN HEITSTUMAN
GENE HENNING
JOAN E HERR
PHYLLIS J HETER
JOHN HIGGINBOTHAM
RONALD HIGGINBOTHAM
ALICE E HILL
MARCIA HINMAN
AARON A HIRSCHEL
HIT
JAMES J HODGEN
ROBERTA C HODGSON
BRENDA HOEFNER
GINGER HOFER
H.J HOLLIDAY
MARGARET HOLLOWAY
LOUIS J HOPKINS
PAUL HORAK
VALERIE HUGHES
NECIA B HUNTLEY
VONNA K HUSBY
JIM IMESON
BRAD ISAAK
MERLE D JACKSON
ELIZABETH JACKY
MARY JACOBSEN
MRS JOSEPH JAEGER
JOANNE G JAMES
LYNDA JAMISON
DON L JANS
CHARLOTTE J JOHNSON
KIM JOHNSON
VELMA J JOHNSON
VERA JOHNSON
OLIVE JONES
RAY E JONES
PETER A JOSS
PHYLLIS KAISER
LUCILLE M KEANE
QUEST KEATTS
PATRICIA KEENEY FROKE
JOANNE KELLER
GENE A KELLEY
GREGORY A KELLY
IRENE R KENNEY
LUCIELLE KENOYER
MARGARET KIBLER
LAWRENCE L KIESZ
NANCY E M KILLMER
MARILLYN L KILPATRICK
M. JAMES KINTSCHI
ERNA KISLER
MARLYS KISSLER
VERAL L KLEIN
MILT KLETTKE
NILS W KNAPP
J B KNOPP
WESLEY W KNOPP
JOHN KOCH
LAUREL KOCH BEALE
MIKE KOENIG
FRANKLIN J KOTH
BETH L KRAUSE
DICK KRIEBEL
KEN KRUEGER
BETTY J KULM
NORMADINE L KULM
DELMAR LAIB
KURT LANDKAMMER
CYNTHIA LANGENHEDER
RICHARD A LAWTON
RICHARD L LEHN
GEORGIE LEINWEBER
MICHAEL J LEINWEBER
RONALD W LESSER
ALLEN LEWIS
THELMA LEWIS
MARION LIGHTWOOD
SUSAN S LITTLE
LOGAN FARM
COLLEEN LONG
RON LONG
VIVIAN LOOMIS
WILLIAM F LOSKOT
LOUISE JAUSSAUD
WASHINGTON TRUST
DONALD K LUST
CONNIE LUX
ELIZABETH A LYLE
MICHAEL J LYONS
MATT LYONS JR
ELSIE R MACINTYRE
V E MAHRT
GARY MARSHALL
JIM MASON
KRISTINE MATIJASCIC
CARL F MATTHIES
ANDREW J MCCULLOCH
ELAINE B MCDANIEL
JIM MCGOUGH
ALAN MCKAY
HELEN P MCKAY
L A MCKAY
MRS JAMES P MCKAY
PAUL MCKAY
MCKINLEY FARMS
EVAN MEHLENBACHER
STAN MEYER
ANDREW MICHELS
PAMELA MILDON
EILEEN MILLER
MARY MILLER
GEOFFREY W MILLS
GERALD MITCHELL
ROBERT W MIX
WILLIAM MONNETTE,
MANAGER
DEANNA MONTGOMERY
JOHN M MOON
DELBERT L MOORE
MARK MOORE
DAVID W MORGAN
LLOYD MORGAN
DENISE MORRIS
VIRGINIA J MORRISON
RICHARD A MOSER
JIM MOYER
DAN MYERS
JAMES F NEFF
BEVERLY J NEILSEN
GAILORD NELSON JR
NORBERT NIEHENKE
WILLIAM NOLLMEYER
MARK O’BRIEN
BARBARA O’DONNELL
TODD B OESTREICH
ANNE L OGLE
ROBERT OLIN
DAVE OLSON
RAYMOND OLSON
ROBERT N OLSON
ROBERT O OSBORN
FANNIE OTT
THELMA M OTT SUTHERLAND
MARY OUSLEY
JUDITH V PACE
BOBYE M PARKES
KATHLEEN PAYNE
WILLIAM PAYNE
FRANCES M PEEK
TED PENNER
S KAYE PETERSEN
JIM PETERSON
LINDA PETERSON
PHILLIPS FAMILY FARMS
HOWARD PLATTER
JUDITH K POLENSKE
ROBERT PORTER
TRAVIS PREWITT
CAROLYN PRICE
HOWARD S PRICE
VANCE PRICE
JIM QUANN
KENNETH RADACH
GERALD RAY
RODNEY REINBOLD
LORENE REMMERS
EDWARD A RING
ROSELLEN RING-EASTON
GERRY RINGWOOD
JIM RINGWOOD
MILLIE RINKER
RITZVILLE MOTOR CO
ROBERT F KIBLER FAMILY
TRUST
CONNIE J ROBERTSON
ROBERTSON
JIM ROLOFF
JUNE M ROLOFF
JOHN ROSMAN
WILLIAM ED ROSMAN
FRAN ROTH
KARA ROWE
DR STEPHEN A RUARK
MATT RUDOLF
LOREN J RUX
TOM RUX
JOHN RYLAARSDAM
SAF/KFI
GALE E SALO
GEORGE H SCHARFF
DON SCHIBEL
RONALD C SCHICK
JAKE J SCHLEE
ROBERT D SCHLIMMER
DOROTHY SCHLOMER
DICK SCHMIDT
DOLLIE SCHMIDT
MARY LOUISE SCHNEIDER
GORDON R SCHOEDEL
NORMA SCHOESSLER
CARROLL A SCHULTHEIS
JOHN F SCHULTZ
JOSEPH SCHULTZ
PAUL SCHWAGER
BARB SCHWISOW
DEL SCHWISOW
DONALD SCHWISOW
DAVID SCOTT
POLLY SCOTT
LINDA SEAGLE
MONTE SHAFFER
LEROY SHARPE
JERRY SHELLER
JAMES SHEPHERD
FLORENCE SHERFEY
ELINOR SHERRY
WILLIAM K SHILLING III
JULIA D SHOEMAKER
MARY C SIEG
ADDIE MAE SIENKNECHT
WAYNE W SILZEL
ALTHA M SIMMELINK
ORVILLE E SIMONS
CLARK SIMPSON
TIM SINCLAIR
LAUREL SKAUG
ALBERT SKOGLUND
BARBARA C SLATER
JEFF SMICK
DEAN H SMITH
ERMA SMITH
JAY C SMITH
LEA SMITH
WAYNE H SMITH
SMITH DRESSELL HUTCHISON
FARM
IRVIN SOBEK
MARILYN SORENSEN
DERAL SPRINGER
DONNA ST JOHN
SHIRLEY ST JOHN
K C STACK
SHIRLEY STAIB
WYNN STALLCOP
RALPH STALSBERG
EUGENE STARTUP
ALAN STEIGER
MARILYN M STELZER LOPEZ
JANE STEPHAN
DOUG STEWART
BOB STOLL
DEAN L STOLP
RAY STORY
ALICE STOVER
RICHARD STRAIN
AL STROHMAIER
JARVIS A STRONG JR
BONNY R STRUTHERS
RICHARD P STUCKY
CAROL A STURMAN
DAN SULLIVAN
JAY R TAKEMURA
TALBOTT
JUDY TANKE
LAWRENCE J TEE
STEPHEN TEEL
JUANITA THERRELL
J W THOMAS
PAULA M THOMAS
RITA THOMAS LARKIN
DUANE TIMM
JAY TIMM
ROBERT TIMM
GORDON TOMASKE
MARY GRANT TOMPKINS
DAVID TUCK
JOHN TURNER
RICHARD J UHRICH
DONNA R UNDEBERG
V & E CARSTENS
VAN HOLLEBEKE FARMS
JEANNIE KAY VEA
VERNON & SALLY ROBINSON
TRUST
W C / CORALIE SMITH FAMILY
TRUST
AUDREY WAGNER
VICTOR V WAKEFIELD
EARL WALKER
KAY WALKER
R L WALLACE
JEANNE WALSER
JANET WALTHEW
KATY WAMBLE
BONITA T WARD ROBERTS
LUCILE WAYMAN
LUCILLE WEBER
NATHAN WEISHAAR
ROBERT WELLER
TOM WELLS
ED WESSELMAN
TOM WEST
FRANCES WEST
FLORENCE WESTON
ROBIN S WHITE
JOANNE WHITEHALL-ALLEN
ANTHONY & TESSA WICKS
FRED WIDMAN
LILA LEE WIEGARDT
CATHLEEN WILLIAMS
HARVEY WILLIAMS
BILL WOLF
SCOTT WOODSIDE
CONSTANCE WRIGHT
GAIL H WRIGHT
ROBIN WYLIE LINDQUIST
VIVIAN ZAGELOW
ZAGELOW FARM TRUST
ZEIMANTZ FAMILY
ARTHUR K ZELLMER
RICHARD ZELLMER
ALICE F ZONES
GLENNA ZWAINZ
Lifetime
KAREN ALLYN
PAMELA AUSMAN
BEN BARSTOW
RICHARD BAUMANN
KENNETH BEALE
MARILYN BURG
DENNIE L BYRAM
BRIAN & CONNY CROW
PAUL DASHIELL
TIM W DONEEN
EDWARD ENSOR
LAURENCE ENSOR
MARIE FERYN
JON D FINK
THOMAS FRICK
LARRY GADY
GAYLE GERING
DAVID HARLOW
MARYANN HARLOW
SUSAN HEGNEY
CHRIS HERRON
BRIAN HOMBERG
GAYE VERREE HUNT
CATHY L INOUYE
PHILIP ISAAK
RON JIRAVA
HAL R JOHNSON
NANCY JOY JOHNSON
WILLIAM B JOHNSON
RICHARD JURIS
TOM JURIS
J P KENT
RANDY KIESZ
WAYNE & LOIS KLINDWORTH
TERRY KRUPKE
MIKE KUEST
KARL KUPERS
MICHAEL MAHN
ELIZABETH MCFARLAND
TOM MCPHERSON
KENNETH & BERNICE MELCHER
GRANT MILLER
JAMES & ANN MOORE
CASEY NONNEMACHER
NORMA PAGE
MRS SUE PALMER
SARAH LESLEY PALMER
SYDNEY LAUREN PALMER
KERMIT J PETERSON
LES PETERSON
CAROL ANN QUIGG
DALE QUIGG
MARK & KATHLEEN RICHTER
A JOSEPH & CANDI MOORE
ROACH
JACK H ROBERTS
DEREK SCHAFER
JERRY SCHAFER
JEFF SCHIBEL
DICK SCHLUTER
GINGER SCHOESLER
MARK SCHOESLER
DAVID W & JENAE SHEFFELS
JERALD SHEFFELS
MARK M SHEFFELS
JACK M SILZEL
J R SIMPLOT
GREGORY J SMITH
TRAVEN SMITH
DONALD W STEIGER
JOHN STRUTHERS
JAMES SWANNACK
RANDY UHRICH
JAMES R WALESBY
JAMES E WALTERS
DOUG WELLSANDT
JAMES WHITE
JARED J WOLLWEBER
ROBERT ZORB
THOMAS G ZWAINZ
Partnership
BEN & JENNY ADAMS
DAVID & JOYCE ADAMS
DAN & JOAN BAUERMEISTER
FRANK BERG
WL
MATT BERG
NICOLE BERG
NICOLE BERG-TOBIN
BRETT & LEEANN
BLANKENSHIP
DAN & DOLLY BLANKENSHIP
DAVID BROCK
JAY BROUGHTON
DAVID W CARLTON
DAN CARTER
ROGER CARTER
EDWARD F CHVATAL
ASA CLARK
GAVIN CLARK
GIRARD CLARK
JOHN B CLARK
MARK CLARK
WILLIAM A CLARK
ERIC & MELISSA COCHRAN
HAROLD & VALERIE COCHRAN
D.W. CORNWALL FARMS
PERRY & DARLEEN DOZIER
LICIA DUNCAN
BILL EDWARDS
JOHN EDWARDS
MIKE EDWARDS
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MARK & JANICE TOLLETT
PAUL & TAMARA WALKER
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STRUCTURES
POLICY MATTERS
Senate hearing on ag disasters
highlights breadth of drought
Nearly 60 percent of the U.S. winter wheat growing area
is under drought conditions, with 43 percent located in
areas of extreme or exceptional
drought, U.S. Department of
Agriculture Chief Economist
Joe Glauber testified recently
before the Senate Agriculture,
Nutrition and Forestry
Committee. Glauber spoke at
a hearing called to examine
drought conditions facing
much of the country, expanding on both the impacts of
agricultural disasters to farmers and the efficacy of government programs during this
time of crisis. Committee Chairwoman Debbie Stabenow
(D-Mich.) said at the hearing that last year’s drought af-
fected more square miles than any since the end of the
Dust Bowl era in 1939. She called on Congress to pass disaster assistance and a new, five-year farm bill. A webcast
of the hearing and full written testimony are at
ag.senate.gov.
Study: folic acid supplements
reduce risk of autism
A study recently published by the Journal of the
American Medical Association showed mothers who
took folic acid supplements prior to and early on during
pregnancy had up to a 40 percent lower risk of having a
child who developed autism. The study was conducted
in Norway and looked at more than 85,000 children. The
findings provide further support for folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age who should
consume at least 400 micrograms of folic acid daily. In the
U.S., grain millers fortify grains with folic acid specifically
to help prevent neural-tube defects. Since the Food and
Bill introduced to place hard caps on farm payments
Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), Tim Johnson (D-S.D.), Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.) and Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) introduced
a bill recently that would place a hard cap on the amount of farm payments an individual can receive in a year. The
Farm Program Integrity Act of 2013 is similar to provisions included in the Senate-passed farm bill in 2012. The legislation would establish a per-farm cap of $50,000 on all commodity program benefits, except those associated with the
marketing loan program, which would be capped at $75,000. The combined payment limit would be $125,000 for an
individual and $250,000 for married couples. The legislation also includes language to apply a cap of $50,000 in payments to whatever type of program is developed in a new farm bill this Congress. The full bill text is at
grassley.senate.gov/issues/upload/Agriculture-02-12-13-Payment-Limits-bill-text.pdf.
Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa)
Tim Johnson (D-S.D.)
Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.)
Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio)
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POLICY MATTERS
Drug Administration first required folic acid fortification
of enriched grains in 1998, the number of babies born in
the U.S. with neural-tube birth defects has declined by
approximately a third. More about folic acid enrichment is
available from the Grain Foods Foundation at
gowiththegrain.org/nutrition/enriched-grains.php. The
study is available at
jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1570279.
NAWG looking for new CEO
Last month, National Association of Wheat Grower’s
CEO, Dana Peterson, announced her resignation. Since
then, a search committee was formed to find her replacement. In the meantime, the NAWG officer team has been
filling the role of leadership for
staff. Newly elected President,
Bing Von Bergen of Montana,
now serves as the interim CEO
role until a new staff lead is
selected.
In her resignation letter,
Peterson thanked the NAWG
board for the opportunity
to serve the nation’s wheat
growers and wheat industry
and described her time at the
Association working with the NAWG staff, board and
state staff as “one of my life’s greatest pleasures.”
“Dana served us well for the three years she was in
the CEO position,” said former NAWG President Erik
Younggren of Minnesota. “...We thank her for her tireless,
passionate work for the Association and the nation’s wheat
growers on Capitol Hill and beyond.”
House committee to review
NOAA’s ‘situation assessment’
of salmon recovery planning From the Columbia Basin Bulletin
Congressman Doc Hastings in a Feb. 4 letter to the head
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Jane Lubchenco, expressed concerns over a contract the
agency has signed with entities to conduct “closed interviews” with individuals about their opinions of ongoing
salmon recovery activities in the Columbia River Basin.
“NOAA has provided no clear explanation of the timing, need for or defined scope of the planning exercise,”
which the Eastern Washington Republican says would be
funded by taxpayer money.
Hastings is chairman of the House Natural Resources
Committee. His letter can be found at hastings.house.gov/
uploadedfiles/hastingsltrresalmonassessment02-04-13.pdf
“As a result of the committee’s oversight responsibilities
over the ESA (Endangered Species Act) and Northwest
salmon programs, please be advised that the committee
will seek review of NOAA’s
process for pursuing and
carrying out the ‘situation
assessment’ contracts with the
university-based institutions,”
Hastings’ letter says. The situation assessment was triggered
through NOAA’s Fisheries
Service.
“With data showing several
years of near-record Columbia
Basin salmon runs, I request
that NOAA postpone this
U.S. Rep. Doc Hastings (R-Pasco)
effort and instead redouble
this administration’s commitment and focus to defend the
Federal Columbia River Power
System biological opinion
(BiOp) crafted with the support of three Northwest states,
numerous tribes and other
stakeholders, rather than create another distractive process
that could engender divisive
proposals, such as dam removal, and provide fodder for
Jane Lubchenco, NOAA
new costly and unproductive
administrator
litigation, all to the detriment
of the listed stocks and the region’s economy,” Hastings
says in his letter.
He said the assessments could “undermine the successful and unprecedented collaboration” ongoing between
those states and tribes and the federal government to
develop a legally sound BiOp governing the continued
operation of the Northwest’s federal hydro system.
“The hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars NOAA
plans to use for this ‘assessment’ to solicit likely recycled
opinions will add little, if any, benefit, and worse, could
potentially undo years of progress made to bring diverse
Northwest entities together on these complex issues,”
Hastings wrote.
A spokesman for Hastings said Natural Resources
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POLICY MATTERS
Committee policy staff were told by NOAA Fisheries that the cost for the assessment would be between $200,000 and $300,000.
The federal government is amidst litigation challenging NOAA Fisheries
Service’s 2008 FCRPS BiOp, a plan built under ESA auspices to assess the impact
of Columbia-Snake River hydro projects on listed salmon and steelhead species.
The 10-year strategy, which was updated in 2010, outlines research and on-theground actions aimed at mitigating for hydro system impacts on salmon, and
assuring those species’ future existence is not jeopardized.
A total of 13 Columbia-Snake River Basin salmon and steelhead stocks are
listed as either threatened or endangered under the ESA.
Last December, NOAA negotiated a contract with two university-based entities, the Oregon Consensus Program and the Ruckelshaus Center, to interview
individuals, including a number of environmental groups that favor dam
removal, to conduct situation assessments on how chinook salmon should be
recovered in the Columbia Basin, Hastings said.
NOAA Fisheries says the assessment is aimed at collecting regional views
about salmon recovery planning in the Columbia Basin in the long term. The
agency has assembled an assessment team including academic expertise from
Washington, Oregon and Idaho to conduct interviews with interested parties.
(See Columbia Basin Bulletin, Dec. 14, 2012, “NOAA Launches ‘Situation
Assessment’ Of Columbia River Basin Salmon, Steelhead Recovery” at
cbbulletin.com/424217.aspx)
Hastings says he is “concerned that this NOAA-led assessment could interfere
with or impose new requirements on federally approved and currently ongoing
local salmon recovery plans and activities, as well as state and tribal hatchery
programs that are currently contributing positively to record and near-record
salmon returns.
“Further, it could delay or undermine congressionally directed, independent
scientific review of highly questionable salmon biological opinion directives,
which as written, would adversely impact the Columbia and Snake basin agriculture and use of crop protection products,” Hastings’ letter says.
The “scientific review” is one in progress by the National Academy of
Sciences—a “peer review” of NOAA-released biological opinions relating to the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s registration of pesticides and herbicides, Hastings says.
“As evidenced in the letter, the chairman and
the Committee are reviewing this NOAA-led
assessment and raised several concerns they feel
should be addressed first, before NOAA moves
forward with the assessment,” said Neal Kirby of
Hastings’ office.
Save Our Wild Salmon Executive Director Pat
Ford said Hastings is wrong to seek an end to
NOAA’s stakeholder process.
“Other Northwest elected leaders support it as a worthwhile effort to end the
deadlock on Columbia-Snake salmon that is harming people and economies.
We urge Congressman Hastings to give NOAA a chance to break the pattern
of failure and heal regional divisions,” according to a statement from Save Our
Wild Salmon (SOS).
PNWA invited
to participate
in NMFS
recovery effort
From the Pacific Northwest
Waterways Association
NOAA’s National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) has
announced the agency’s intention to convene a new effort to
gather the region’s views about
long-term salmon recovery
planning in the Columbia
River Basin. This effort is being
convened by NMFS outside the
existing efforts related to complying with the FCRPS BiOp.
The Inland Ports & Navigation
Group (managed by the
Pacific Northwest Waterways
Association (PNWA)) is an
intervenor in the BiOp, representing navigation interests
and supporting the work of
the federal agencies. PNWA
has also been invited to participate in this new recovery
conversation with NMFS. The
Washington Association of
Wheat Growers is a member of
PNWA.
NMFS will be working with
two public policy groups to
conduct interviews in the coming months: Oregon Consensus
at Portland State University
and the Ruckelshaus Center at
the University of Washington.
NMFS intends to have the
assessment report available to
the public by late summer 2013
and plans to use the report to
inform their next steps in 2014
and beyond.
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WL
POLICY MATTERS
The assessment process is aimed
at ESA recovery planning. NOAA
Fisheries is charged under the ESA
with safeguarding listed salmon and
steelhead and developing recovery
plans for conservation and survival
of listed species.
necessary. “...According to publicly
available data, for each of the past
five years, chinook salmon runs have
ranged between 480,000 to 850,000,
and steelhead have numbered between 235,000 to 600,000,” Hastings
said
The BiOp was developed under
ESA provisions that require NOAA
to assess whether specific federal
actions, such as the construction
and operation of the hydro projects, threaten the existence of listed
species.
The coalition of fishing and conservation groups takes a different
view of the fish statistics.
Ford also stressed that the “collaboration” mentioned by Hastings
is not complete, that the state of
Oregon, the Nez Perce Tribe, salmon
fishermen and conservation groups
have been sidelined in the federal
BiOp development process.
“NOAA’s stakeholder process
offers an opportunity to repair that
regional division. One thing is clear:
perpetuating regional division will
not work. The federal salmon plan
Congressman Hastings supports has
been ruled illegal three times,” Ford
said of successive BiOps, including
the 2008/2010 version, that has been
invalidated in U.S. District Court.
That court has ordered NOAA to
deliver a legal version by the first of
the year.
SOS “supports stakeholder collaboration as our best opportunity to
restore Columbia Basin salmon and
salmon jobs and provide certainty
for communities and users,” Ford
said. “Our fishing, conservation
and business constituencies want
NOAA’s process to succeed and
will work hard to help it do so. We
respectfully urge Congressman
Hastings to join other Northwest
leaders to support this process and
help it succeed.”
Hastings says the efforts on both
fronts have already been fruitful,
and the assessment costs are un22 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2013
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“Congressman Hastings says
salmon populations are increasing,” Ford said. “This is incorrect.
In fact, official projections for 2013
returns of endangered salmon in the
Columbia-Snake are very low for
most species. This follows low returns in 2012. Further, none of the 13
Columbia-Snake stocks listed under
the Endangered Species Act are anywhere near levels considered necessary for
recovery.”
In announcing the initiative in December, Barry Thom, NOAA Fisheries
Northwest Region deputy administrator, said the assessment process is intended to “build on the momentum of our positive collaborations with local
watershed councils, recovery boards and other local groups over the last few
years and take another step forward. We want to ensure our existing and future
recovery plans are comprehensive and integrated.”
An email notice of the planned process was sent out to about 150 entities and/
or persons that have long been involved in salmon restoration/recovery issues.
The mailing list includes entities representing federal, state and tribal governments, as well as power, agriculture, navigation, recreation, environmental and
other interests. Any other interested
parties were invited to join in.
The scope of the assessment is
fairly broad, seeking views on recovery planning processes that would
be used to address habitat, hatchery,
harvest and hydro strategies, according NOAA Fisheries. At the conclusion of interviews with interested
parties, the centers will provide a
summary report that identifies key
issues, themes and options that
might be useful in the long term.
Thom said he expects the assessment report will be available in late
summer 2013.
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FEATURE
By Trista Crossley
Fiber regularly shows up as an important part of a healthy diet, so it’s no
surprise that learning to breed wheat for
fiber content is the subject of research
being done at the Western Wheat Quality
Laboratory in Pullman.
Five years ago, Craig F. Morris, director of the laboratory, started working to
identify and measure the fiber content in
wheat. What he found was a huge range
in the amounts of fiber in the varieties of wheat being grown in the Pacific
Northwest. Being able to control the
amount of that fiber, called arabinoxylan,
has potential benefits for both the consumer and the food industry.
One of the first things Morris did, when
he began researching arabinoxylans,
was to survey the wheat being grown in
Washington and document the amounts
of arabinoxylans in different varieties.
“Wheat grain, just naturally, has a huge
range in arabinoxylan content,” Morris
said. “There’s about a two-fold range that
we’ve seen, and that’s with no prior selection. There’s been no intentional, direct
selection for high fiber or low fiber. That’s
just what’s out there.”
Arabinoxylans have only recently appeared on scientists’ radar. Until recently,
these molecules haven’t been studied in
wheat, and Morris says there is still a lot
of mystery surrounding them.
“When we are evaluating those 4,000 to
5,000 breeding lines every year, we naturally see a huge range in quality. We don’t
really understand where all that variation
is coming from,” he explained. “So if we
can identify that a lot of these lines are
bad because they have bad arabinoxylan
composition or quantity, that would actually help us with routine breeding. Or,
when we send wheat to Japan and they
say this cargo is variable from this cargo,
etc., it is probably because our varieties
vary and arabinoxylans are probably
playing a role. We don’t really control it
because we don’t fully understand it.”
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FEATURE
The next step was to figure out the best way to measure the amount of arabinoxylans and then to develop
the instrumentation needed to take those measurements. Washington State University Ph.D. student Alecia
Kiszonas, part of Morris’ “quality team,” was instrumental in advancing this work. Along the way, Morris said
“As much as we enjoy learning about
arabinoxylans, we endeavor to transfer our
knowledge and genetic learnings to practical,
applied wheat breeding. That’s the big picture,
to improve the composition and quality of the
wheat grain we are growing in Washington.”
—Craig Morris, director
Western Wheat Quality Laboratory
they’ve also studied where the arabinoxylans end up after
being milled. Now the team wants to identify the underlying wheat genes that produce the arabinoxylans so that
wheat breeders can start using that information in their
breeding programs.
“As much as we enjoy learning about arabinoxylans,”
Morris said, “we endeavor to transfer our knowledge
and genetic learnings to practical, applied wheat breeding. That’s the big picture, to improve the composition and quality of the wheat grain we are growing in
Washington.”
The wheat plant uses arabinoxylans to help build cell
walls in the kernel, and those molecules come in both
water soluble and insoluble forms, meaning either the
molecules can be dissolved in water or not. Insoluble fiber
is most often found in the outside—or bran—of the wheat
kernel, while the soluble fiber is mostly in the interior—or
endosperm—of the kernel. Both types of fiber are essential to maintaining good health, and according to the
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), most of the U.S.
population doesn’t get enough fiber in their diet.
Soluble fiber absorbs water, slowing down digestion
which can influence blood sugar levels and helps you feel
fuller, longer. Soluble fiber also helps maintain lower cholesterol levels. Insoluble fiber, on the other hand, is passed
through the digestive system mostly intact and helps to
move food and waste through the gut.
So from a consumer standpoint, a wheat with a higher
fiber content could mean getting more fiber from the same
amount of food.
From an industry perspective, being able to control the
fiber content of wheat could help companies fine tune
the ingredients that go into their products as well as the
process of making those products. Morris sees industry
advantages in both high fiber wheat as well as low fiber
wheat.
“In addition to human health, these arabinoxylans also
act much like hydrophilic gums,” Morris explained. “They
can actually form gels. Say we are making a pancake batter; that sort of gelling property can be advantageous for
the viscosity of your batter. Other times, if you are trying
to make a very low moisture product like saltine crackers,
you don’t want a bunch of hydrophilic gums in your flour
because they suck up a lot of water. It is hard to bake the
water back out. They also impart an undesirable texture in
soft wheat products.”
Another advantage of having low levels of arabinoxylans from a food industry standpoint is that lower moisture food keeps better, longer. A product that starts out
with less water before baking means it doesn’t need to be
baked as long to get rid of unwanted moisture.
As far as the export market goes, Morris sees a possible
advantage in having a flour that has an increased water
absorption level.
“If we got some varieties out there and we could document how our wheats had inherently higher water absorption, that would be something that could sell wheat and
drive sales,” he said.
But the process of studying the impact of arabinoxylans
is no cakewalk.
As Morris explained, testing for end-use qualities is
extremely expensive. Not only does the wheat have to be
grown, it then must be milled, the product(s) baked and
the end product measured for the phenotype, or the quality desired. Compared with DNA testing, end-use quality
testing is much more difficult and almost cost prohibitive.
“The DNA testing just keeps getting cheaper,” he said.
“There have not been any fundamental advances in phenotyping—measuring, assessing, evaluating—end-use
quality. You still bake bread.”
Using a USDA Competitive Grant, Morris has been able
to fund the research, along with hiring Kiszonas who
used the project as part of her dissertation.
Kiszonas started her work on arabinoxylans in 2010
by concentrating on developing a method for getting the
wheat flour into a form where the molecules could be
detected and accurately measured. She has also worked
on tracking arabinoxylans through the baking process for
pancakes and bread. She said the structure of the molecules has turned out to be more important than the content of them, and some of those structural qualities seem
to impact end-use qualities more than others.
“I think this has developed into
the idea of why do some (molecules)
react differently than others, and
how can we use that information to
improve end-use quality and have
the industry look more favorably on
arabinoxylans,” she said.
One of the projects Kiszonas
hopes to work on in the future is
what role the arabinoxylans play in
the wheat plant’s physiology.
“Clearly, the wheat plant is producing them for a reason,” she said.
“The wheat plant doesn’t care if it’s
going for bread or cookies. So what
is it that they are doing for the wheat
plant, and how can we use that?”
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WL
FEATURE
THE
ENEFITS
OF
AR LEY
By Trista Crossley
In Eastern Washington, wheat might get all the glory,
but after years of decreasing acreage, barley’s star seems to
be rising.
In 2012, barley’s harvested acreage in Washington state
was estimated at 175,000 acres, a 50 percent increase over
2011’s 115,000 acres. In
2010, about 81,000 acres of
barley were harvested.
According to Kevin
Murphy, Washington
State University assistant
professor and the resident barley and alternative crops breeder, barley
has a lot going for it. Not
only is it good for growing wheat, but it’s good
nutrition as well.
There are three kinds
of barley: feed, food and
Kevin Murphy is the resident barley
malting. In Washington
and alternative crops breeder at
Washington State University.
state, Murphy said that
approximately 90 percent
of the barley grown is feed barley. Most of the rest, just
under 10 percent, is malting barley, and the remainder
is food barley. While all three types of barley are edible,
the primary difference between them is the amounts of
protein and beta-glucan, a water-soluble dietary fiber that
is responsible for lowering cholesterol, that they contain.
Murphy, who is collaborating with Pat Hayes, a barley
breeder at Oregon State University, on a food barley grant
proposal, said that ramping up the production of food
barley in the state is a high priority. Unfortunately, those
higher nutritional values often mean a lower yield.
“We are testing every single line for beta-glucan,” he
said, explaining that most varieties average around 4 percent. “We are hoping to increase that up to 7 to 10 percent.
Our goal is to double the beta-glucan without decreasing
yield.”
Besides being high in protein and fiber, barley is also
helpful in keeping blood sugar levels low and is one of the
few cereal grains to contain lysine, an essential amino acid
that can’t be produced by the body.
“We are trying to take the feed barley, which doesn’t
have too many quality traits, and improve it to make it
more nutritious to eat,” Murphy said.
Another major focus of Murphy’s research is producing
a hulless variety of barley that yields well. In order to be
edible, barley’s hull must be removed, a process that also
strips the barley kernel of some of its nutrients.
“Pearling barley is a very abrasive process, and it takes
off a good amount of the seed kernel,” Murphy said.
“Similar to beta-glucan, hulless varieties don’t yield very
well. We have four or five hulless lines in the variety testing programs, but we are still two or three years out from
releasing a hulless variety.”
The most common form of barley found in the grocery
store is pearl barley, the grains used in beef barley soup.
But Murphy said flaked barley and barley grits are other
forms of the grain that are gaining in popularity. And
then there is barley flour, which is often mixed with wheat
FEATURE
flour. Murphy said that mixes containing 15 to 20 percent
barley flour are enough to improve nutritional value without impacting flavor or loaf volume.
straw and make it easier
to get through, it is a positive for us.”
“People are only going to eat so much beef barley soup,”
Murphy said. “Breakfast foods are where we are hoping to
see barley included, as well as mixing it with other flours.
“Another primary
benefit is that barley is
very good at suppressing
weeds,” Murphy said.
“The barley grown here
is mostly spring barley, so
farmers are able to have
open-tilled fields over the
winter, so they can till the
weeds before planting the
barley.”
While high levels of protein and beta-glucan are desirable in feed and food barleys, malting barley is just the
opposite, containing lesser amounts of both. In addition,
Murphy said malting barley needs to have certain
end-use characteristics
that make it more suitable
for malting. Traditionally,
malting barley has paid
a little more than feed or
food barley, but growers
must be located in an area
that has facilities set up
for processing and shipping malting barley.
Steve Claassen, a grower from
Clarkston and a Washington Grain
Commissioner, has used barley as a
rotational crop for more than 30 years.
Besides being good
for human consumption, barley is also good
as part of a wheat rotation. According to Murphy, barley
has a different suite of diseases and insect tolerances than
wheat does, so it tends to break up those cycles that could
harm wheat.
Steve Claassen, a grower from Clarkston and a
Washington Grain Commissioner, has used barley as a rotational crop for more than
30 years. He said that most of his
barley ends up in feed channels,
regardless of variety.
“It breaks up the
cycles of the herbicides you use,” he
said. “How ever it
works, it changes
the soil a little bit,
and we usually end
up with a bit of a
yield boost with wheat
behind barley. The (barley) straw decomposes
a little bit quicker which
lends itself to direct seeding. Anytime we can lessen the
WL
Larry Cochran, a grower from Colfax
and the current WAWG secretary/
treasurer, grows approximately 200
acres of malting and feed barley each
year.
Larry Cochran is another farmer who has found advantages in growing barley. Cochran, a grower from Colfax
and the current WAWG secretary/treasurer, said he grows
approximately 200 acres of mostly malting barley with a
little feed barley thrown in for his cows.
“I have trouble raising spring wheat and getting it to
yield,” he said, explaining that barley loves growing in
wheat stubble. “I’m direct seeding into wheat stubble, and
barley does really well. I’m raising peas behind that. It is
a way for me to use different chemicals to make sure the
weed resistance doesn’t get away from me.”
Barley is also known for being easy to grow in less-thanideal conditions. It generally requires less nitrogen than
wheat and tends to mature a little earlier than wheat.
“You basically plant it in the spring, fertilize it a little,
spray for a few weeds and then harvest it,” Cochran
said. “Most of the time it stands the hot summers better than spring wheat.”
So for all those advantages, why
has barley acreage been decreasing? Murphy pointed
out a couple of reasons,
including crop insurance not being as good
as it is for wheat and the
fact that, until recently,
prices for wheat were higher
than barley. Another reason,
Murphy said, was the prevalence of Clearfield-tolerant
wheat. The herbicides used on
that wheat remain in the soil for
many months, causing damage to
the barley plants and making barley
WL
FEATURE
unsuitable as a wheat rotation.
“Developing a barley variety that
can withstand that residual herbicide will be important in increasing
barley acreage,” Murphy said. “We
are really close. We have one line
that will go into variety testing this
year, and we’ll see how it does in
multiple locations.”
Claassen also pointed to the crop
insurance situation as one of the
main culprits behind decreased
barley acreage.
“The crop insurance guarantees
have not been as good as wheat by
quite a bit,” he said. When you are in
marginal areas like we are, you have
to play the insurance game a little
bit.” Claassen said that the herbicidetolerant barley varieties that both
private and public breeders are
working on will make barley easier
to include as a wheat rotation.
OUR
HANDS
ARE
DIRTY
“It is an alternative crop for some
of us that don’t have a lot of alternatives,” he explained. “It is a good,
heart-healthy grain, and as that is
marketed, it is going to put a better
light back on barley.”
Cochran said everything he does
on his farm is aimed at raising a better wheat crop.
Karen Schott - Board Member
But that comes with the territory when you’re a farmer or a rancher.
“My crops following barley yield
better and are healthier,” he said.
“It’s become part of my rotation. I
make a little money out of it, and it
makes my wheat better.”
You work hard all day with crops and animals. Equipment and
Barley, he said, has a lot of
advantages.
govern the cooperative. These leaders understand ag because they
machines. You’re on the ground, in the thick of things.
At customer-owned Northwest Farm Credit Services, actual farmers
and ranchers make up the board and advisory committees that
work in it every day.
“You can eat it. You can drink it.
You can feed it.”
northwestfcs.com | 800.743.2125
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Umatilla County, Pilot Rock, OR
1998 (+/-) acres of mountain, pasture and timberland. Has cabin with
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$985,000 #WL01511
Union County, Elgin, OR
SOLD
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Gilliam County, Arlington,OR
Located in Gilliam County, the Blalock Canyon Farm contains 195
total acres of which 140 acres are irrigated. Contains 3 Zimmatic
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horse/livestock barn, shop and hay barn. Water is provided from
agricultural well with 250 HP motor.
$685,000 #WL00912
www.whitneylandcompany.com
Also in stock: Degelman Harrows
© 2012 CNH America LLC. New Holland is a registered trademark of CNH America LLC.
S.S. Equipment
1491 Dell Ave.
Walla Walla, WA 99263
(509) 522-9800
www.sseqinc.com
SEED AVAILABLE:
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© 2012 CNH America LLC. New Holland is a registered trademark of CNH America LLC.
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Contact at 509-528-4851
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Contact at 509-546-1300
Connell, WA Office: 509-234-2500
www.TriStateSeed.com
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WL
FEATURE
Food for thought
From barleyfoods.org
Whole grain barley is a healthy,
high-fiber, high-protein whole
grain boasting numerous health
benefits. When cooked, barley has
a chewy texture and nutty flavor,
similar to brown rice. Although
soup is the most popular way to
eat barley, you can use it like any
other grain such as couscous or
rice. Serve a curry or stir-fry over
barley instead of rice or make a
barley pilaf.
Cooking barley is similar to
cooking rice. Cover 1 cup of pearl
barley with 2 cups of water or vegetable broth and simmer for 30-40
minutes before fluffing with a fork.
Or, try using a rice cooker. Add 2
1/2 cups water per cup of barley.
While pearl barley is the most
common barley product, other
types of barley are becoming more
available. Barley flour and rolled
barley flakes may be found in the
flour and hot cereal sections of
some supermarkets. These products may also be found in the bulk
foods sections of some supermarkets. Barley flour and rolled barley
flakes may also be purchased from
small grain suppliers online.
Barley grits, while in more
limited supply, may be found in
the bulk foods sections of some
supermarkets. They may also be
purchased from small grain suppliers online.
Raw/uncooked barley (pearl
barley, whole grain barley kernels,
barley flour, barley flakes and
barley grits) should be stored in an
airtight container in a cool place,
preferably in the refrigerator or
freezer. If refrigerated or frozen
in an airtight container, raw/uncooked barley may be stored for
about 6 months.
All recipes are courtesy of
barleyfoods.org.
Barley Antipasto Salad
Ingredients
3/4 cup chopped red bell pepper
1 cup pearl barley or whole grain
barley
8 medium white button mushrooms,
sliced
3 cups water
1/2 cup chopped Kalamata or ripe
black olives
1/2 pound Provolone cheese, cut into
¼-inch cubes
1/4 cup shredded Parmesan cheese
1/2 pound Italian salami, cut into
¼-inch cubes
3 tablespoons chopped fresh basil
leaves
1 can (16 ounces) artichoke hearts,
drained and quartered
3 tablespoons chopped fresh Italian
parsley leaves
1 cup pepperoncini rings, drained (or
2/3 cup whole pepperoncini, sliced
into rings)
1/3 to 1/2 cup prepared Italian salad
dressing
Directions
In medium saucepan with lid bring water to a boil. Add barley and return to boil. Reduce heat to low, cover and cook 45 minutes or until barley
is tender and liquid is absorbed. If using whole grain barley, increase cooking time to 50-55 minutes and pour off any unabsorbed liquid after cooking. Cool. In large bowl, combine cooked and cooled barley, Provolone
cheese, salami, artichokes, pepperoncini, bell pepper, mushrooms, olives,
Parmesan cheese, basil and parsley. Drizzle with salad dressing and toss
to coat. Cover and chill for 2 hours. Just before serving, toss again, adding
more dressing if necessary. Makes 12 servings.
Per serving: calories 269, protein 13g, carbohydrates 21g, fiber 5g, fat 16g, cholesterol
32mg, sodium 724mg.
Barley-Stuffed
Squash
Ingredients
1 cup pearl barley
1/2 cup chopped onion
1/2 cup chopped celery
1 cup shredded carrot
4 tablespoons butter, divided
3 cups chicken broth
1/2 teaspoon dried thyme
2 medium acorn squash
(about 1 pound each),
halved and seeds removed
Salt
Directions
In large saucepan over
medium heat, sauté barley,
onion, celery and carrot in 2
tablespoons butter until barley
is lightly browned. Add chicken
broth and thyme. Bring to boil.
Reduce heat, cover and simmer
45 minutes or until barley is
tender and liquid is absorbed.
In the meantime, place squash
halves in greased baking dish,
cut-side down. Bake at 400° F
for 30 minutes or until squash
is tender. Remove squash from
oven and turn, cut-side up.
Sprinkle lightly with salt. Spoon
equal portions of cooked barley
mixture into centers of squash.
Drizzle with 2 tablespoons
melted butter. Return filled
squash halves to oven. Bake at
350° F for 20 minutes longer.
Makes 4 generous side dish or
entrée servings.
Per serving: calories 408, protein 12g, fat 13g, carbohydrates 67g,
cholesterol 32mg, fiber 9g, sodium
731mg. NOTE: May cut baked
squash halves in half again for 8
side dish servings.
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Osceola, Iowa
1-866-442-1293
DIESEL & MACHINE, INC.
227 20th St. North, Lewiston, ID 83501
Call Today! 208-743-7171
WL
FEATURE
Barley Fruit Scones
Scone Ingredients
1 cup barley flour
1 cup all-purpose wheat flour
1/4 cup granulated sugar
1 tablespoon baking powder
1/2 teaspoon salt
Microwaved Hot Barley Flakes
Ingredients
2/3 cup water
1/3 cup barley flakes
Directions
In 4-cup, microwave-proof container, combine water, barley, salt and fruit
of choice. Microwave on HIGH power for 3 minutes. Stir. Microwave on HIGH
power for 3 minutes longer. Cool slightly and serve. Makes 1 serving.
1/2 cup dried cranberries (may
substitute currants, raisins or
dried cherries)
1 cup nonfat milk
1/4 cup butter, melted
1 large egg, beaten
1 teaspoon grated fresh lemon
peel
Lemon Glaze Ingredients
1/2 cup confectioners sugar,
sifted
1 teaspoon grated fresh lemon
peel
1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
Directions
In large bowl, mix together
flours, sugar, baking powder
and salt. Stir in cranberries.
Mix in milk, butter, egg and
grated lemon peel. Spray a
baking sheet with non-stick
cooking spray. Drop batter
by spoonfuls onto baking
sheet, creating 12 equal
portions. Bake at 375° F for
15 to 17 minutes or until
lightly browned. Cool scones
slightly. Combine Lemon
Glaze ingredients; stir until
smooth. Use pastry brush to
glaze tops of cooled scones.
Makes 12 scones.
Per scone: calories 178, protein
4g, carbohydrates 31g, fat 5g, fiber
2g, cholesterol 28mg, sodium
276mg.
pinch salt, optional
Optional fruit additions: 1/2
chopped banana, 2 tablespoons
raisins or other dried fruit
Half-Time Barley Stew
Ingredients
1 tablespoon olive oil
1/2 pound small white mushrooms,
cut in half, divided
1 medium onion, chopped
3 cloves garlic, finely chopped
2 teaspoon dried leaf oregano,
crushed
2 teaspoon dried leaf basil, crushed
6 cups fat-free chicken broth
1 cup pearl barley
2 bay leaves
3 medium carrots, peeled and
sliced 1/4-inch thick
1/2 cup Pinot Noir wine or chicken
broth
1 pound fat-reduced Kielbasa sausage, cut into 1/2-inch thick slices
Directions
In large pot with lid, heat oil over medium-high heat. Add onion, garlic and
half of mushrooms. Sauté 3 to 4 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add oregano
and basil; sauté 2 more minutes. Stir in chicken broth, barley and bay leaves.
Bring to a boil. Reduce heat, cover and cook 25 minutes. Mix in carrots, wine
or broth and remaining mushrooms. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer
20 minutes. Add sausage and cook 5 minutes longer. Remove bay leaves and
serve. Makes 8 servings.
Per serving: calories 249, protein 17g, carbohydrates 28g, fat 7g, fiber 6g, cholesterol 37mg, sodium 642mg.
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2013
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Spring Wheat Seed Varieties
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ye
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Unwrapping the truth about
By The National Wheat Improvement Committee
From wheat farmers to wheat scientists, we know consumers are yearning for more transparency and trust within their food “system.” We understand those concerns as consumers
ourselves. In an effort to give consumers full scientific knowledge of how wheat has been
improved over the years, we have worked together to publish a concise response to recent
claims made by Dr. William Davis. The National Wheat Improvement Committee (NWIC)
has compiled the following responses to Davis’ slander attack on wheat’s breeding and science improvements. Responses were developed with a scientific and historical perspective,
utilizing references from peer-reviewed research and input from U.S. and international wheat
scientists.
Wheat breeding
The wheat grown around the world today came from three grassy weed species that naturally hybridized about 10,000 years ago. The past 70 years of
wheat breeding have essentially capitalized on the variation provided
by wheat’s hybridization thousands of years ago and the natural
mutations which occurred over the millennia as the wheat
plant spread around the globe. There is no crop plant in
the modern, developed world—from grass and garden
flowers, to wheat and rice—that is the same as it
first existed when the Earth was formed, nor
is the environment the same.
There is no mystery to wheat
breeding. To breed new varieties, breeders employ
two basic methods:
FEATURE
• Conventional crossing involves combining genes from
complementary wheat plant parents to produce new
genetic combinations (not new genes) in the offspring.
This may account for slightly higher yield potential or
disease and insect resistance relative to the parents.
• The second method is to introduce genes indigenous
to ancestral or related species of modern-day wheat
and gradually incorporate these genes into a new
wheat variety with minimal contribution of DNA
(typically less than 5 percent) from the ancestral species. This method still employs crossing, not genetic
engineering.
It is very important to realize that either method capitalizes on variations already found in wheat’s lineage.
In the 1960s, developmental efforts, experimental lines
and varieties were shared with researchers around the
world. In subsequent years, wheat production in Mexico,
India and Pakistan increased tremendously, and millions
of people who otherwise would have likely died of starvation or malnutrition were able to live and have food. This
remains the primary goal of today’s wheat breeders—to
make this ancient plant meet the demands of a rapidly
growing human population. All farmers, including wheat
farmers, also rely on plant breeders to develop varieties
of seeds that are able to combat constantly evolving pests,
diseases and shifting climatic conditions.
In the U.S., scientists working at universities, private
companies and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are
all committed to research that will help us understand
the full breadth of the wheat genome, much like we now
have a map of the human genome. This forward motion
is desperately needed to find beneficial traits critical to
keeping wheat available and affordable. Wheat is not
alone; research and breeding are absolutely essential in all
food crops because agricultural production must increase
by about 66 percent by 2040 to match population growth.
Developing healthy plants is necessary to meet the nutritional needs of a growing society.
Wheat breeding utilizes genetic resources previously
or currently consumed by the public. New wheat varieties must meet stringent quality standards because wheat
is used in such a wide range of products, from breakfast
foods like whole grain cereals, to everyday staples such
as bread, pizza and noodles, to treats like beer, cake and
cookies.
Myths vs. facts
Here’s a look at the inaccuracies of Dr. Davis’ claims.
MYTH: All wheat is the same.
WL
FACT: Wheat can be grown in diverse production
environments for many uses because of its natural genetic
diversity. Wheat can be taller or shorter depending on its
growing conditions. From an agronomic perspective, taller
wheat varieties have been bred in areas with minimal
rainfall or low soil fertility and where harvested straw is
important. In contrast, shorter wheat varieties have been
bred for higher-fertility, higher-moisture or irrigated
conditions.1
FACT: Some wheat varieties are higher in protein, while
others are lower in protein. The broad range of protein
functionality is what makes wheat flour unique. In the
U.S., there are six primary wheat classes. In certain classes
of wheat, such as those used in cakes and Asian noodles,
weak gluten and low protein content are desired. Other
wheat classes have strong gluten that is essential for making certain breads and pasta. Protein content in wheat varies by wheat class, individual variety, fertility levels of the
soil and from year-to-year based on the weather.2 In the
U.S., variation in protein content is minimal within each
class in a given year.3
MYTH: The increase in celiac disease is due to wheat
breeding.
FACT: It is true that celiac disease has increased in the
past 50 years, as have other autoimmune diseases and the
prevalence of allergies. The relationship between celiac
disease and wheat was not clearly established until the
late 1940s.4 There continues to be research aimed at determining why the incidence of celiac disease is increasing.
The 2004 National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) Consensus
Development Conference on Celiac Disease theorized
that one cause could be the increasing use of serologic
screening, leading to diagnosis in milder cases. Other
theories suggest that increases in celiac disease, as well
as food allergies and sensitivities, are tied to the human
environment.5,6,7 Gluten-free diets are only appropriate for
individuals in a small subset of the population that suffers
from celiac disease or has diagnosed gluten sensitivity.
MYTH: There is a new protein in wheat called gliadin.
FACT: Gliadins are not new. Gliadin is the name of a
protein stored in the seed found in not only wheat, but
other cereals like rye and barley. They have always been a
component of wheat protein and were even present in ancient wheat and the wild species that gave rise to modern
wheat. Wheat seed storage proteins are made up of about
100 different protein components.4 Gliadin was actually
purified from wheat and described in a journal more than
100 years ago.8
FACT: Much variation naturally exists in wheat gluten
WL
FEATURE
proteins. Protein content also varies due to the environment, including fertility of the soil and weather patterns.
Generally, modern wheat possesses less gluten protein but
improved gluten function than historical wheat. A lower
gliadin to glutenin ratio is a wheat protein characteristic
that some wheat breeders may seek to improve the finished product performance.9
MYTH: “Everybody...is susceptible to the gliadin
protein that is an opiate. This thing binds into the opiate
receptors in your brain, and in most people, stimulates
appetite, such that we consume 440 more calories per day,
365 days per year.”
FACT: Gliadin is present in modern wheat as well as an-
cient wheat including emmer and einkorn. In contrast, an
opiate is an alkaloid found in the sap of
the opium poppy plant. Gliadin is not
an opiate. There is no clinical evidence
that gliadin stimulates appetite.
FACT: In “Wheat Belly,” Davis refer-
ences an National Institutes of Health
study to bolster this claim, but omits
that the study was a lab analysis of
peptides and did not include actual
feeding studies of any foods. Other
foods in the study that have these peptides include milk and spinach.10
FACT: If someone ate 440 more calo-
ries per day, as Davis claimed, he or she
would gain about 46 pounds per year.
MYTH: Wheat has been genetically
modified.
FACT: Today’s wheat is the product
of the painstaking process of crossing
parents and selecting offspring, a process called conventional breeding.
FACT: Wheat breeding has always
involved crossing two or more parents
followed by selection for improved and
recombined traits that improve yield,
increase resistance to diseases or improve baking characteristics. The wheat
varieties that have been developed
through breeding have taken advantage of the natural variation that exists
in wheat and wheat ancestors and
relatives. There are no commercially
available wheat varieties in the world
today that were genetically engineered
with genes from unrelated species.
MYTH: Wheat causes obesity.
FACT: The composition of modern wheat is not the
main cause of the overweight/obesity problem in humans.
A combination of factors (genetics, diet, lifestyle, environment) are all, in combination, what triggers weight gain.
FACT: Wheat is one component in the diverse diet of
U.S. consumers. Per capita wheat consumption in the
U.S. has declined in recent years, while obesity rates have
increased.11
Wheat is consumed in 118 countries and the European
Union, as measured by the USDA. In many other countries
with lower levels of obesity, wheat plays a larger role in the
diet than in the U.S. For example, the Japanese population
has a relatively high daily consumption of wheat (131 g/
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per capita), yet not a very high prevalence of overweightobesity (3.2 percent).12 According to the World Health
Organization 2010 data, there is no correlation between a
country’s per capita wheat production and its obesity rate.
MYTH: Wheat is bad for you.
FACT: Wheat has been a staple of the human diet for
thousands of years. Wheat grain is an important source of
starch and protein, both of which provide energy for the
human body. Wheat also provides dietary fiber, resistant
starch, antioxidants and other phytochemicals. All of
these factors contribute positively to health by preventing
cardiovascular disease, diabetes and colon cancer. Wheat
flour is a vehicle for micronutrients (inherent or added
vitamins and minerals) that prevent nutritional and health
problems, particularly in infants and women.13,18
“
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effects.
FACT: Wheat is one of the main reasons humans
evolved from living as nomads to forming communities
and eventually cities. Wheat foods have been a healthy
part of the human diet for thousands of years. Currently,
wheat provides 21 percent of all food calories in the world.
For 4.5 billion people in 94 developing countries wheat
provides 20 percent of their protein intake.2,9,14
FACT: Testing of ALL conventionally bred crops is not
required because the components and composition of the
plant are unchanged in this process. However, food companies have a multitude of processes in place to ensure the
safety and wholesomeness of their products.
MYTH: In Davis’ book, he references a study claiming
“Wheat gluten proteins, in particular, undergo considerable structural change with hybridization. In one hybridization experiment, 14 new gluten proteins were identified
in the offspring that were not present in either parent
wheat plant”.15
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MYTH: Modern wheat has not been tested for health
Cory Brown,
Lewiston, ID
Your Local Miller Dealer
Farm Journal Jan_Miller_2.indd 1
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FACT: None of the wheat cultivars grown in the U.S.
were developed via the somatic cell fusion hybridization
process referenced in “Wheat Belly.”
The variation in high-molecular-weight glutenin-subunit
(HMW-GS) sequences reported in this article was induced
by somatic cell fusion hybridization, which was performed
by isolation of protoplasts of somatic cells, treatment of
protoplasts with UV light, fusion of protoplasts, induction
of callus and regeneration of plants from the callus tissue.16
Both cell culture and UV radiation are procedures used
experimentally in a laboratory and can cause genome variation. However, somatic cell hybridization is not a conventional hybridization approach used by wheat breeders.17
FACT: Conventional breeding produces gluten pro-
teins in the progeny that are present in one of the parents.
“Plants can only express proteins they have the DNA code
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WL
FEATURE
to produce. Environmental conditions can cause or inhibit
the expression of certain proteins, but they cannot code for
proteins that aren’t in the genome.”10
FACT: Many variations naturally exist in wheat gluten proteins. The different combinations of these proteins can have
many different effects on how the proteins are expressed.
This is another example of the great genetic diversity that has
existed in wheat over the millennia.
MYTH: Wheat is the grain most tied to agribusiness.
FACT: Because wheat is so important to the global diet, it
is grown throughout the world and is traded like many other
crop commodities. The wheat supply chain involves businesses as well as federal and state public entities.
FACT: Not-for-profit public universities and the USDA have
worked together to develop varieties planted on more than
70 percent of U.S. acres. The 55 million planted wheat acres
in the U.S. use hundreds of different varieties. Agribusiness
investment in wheat breeding in the U.S. is a very small fraction of that devoted to corn and soybean breeding, and most
of the private company investment in wheat breeding has
emerged in just the past three years.
Conclusion
Overall, wheat is an essential, safe, healthy and wholesome
source of energy and essential nutrients. Globally, 21 percent
of the world’s calories come from foods made with wheat.
Wheat provides an estimated 4.5 billion people in 94 developing countries 20 percent of their protein intake. In the future,
wheat consumption is expected to rise worldwide due to
global income growth and urbanization.
The science behind wheat breeding is not a mystery. For
decades, wheat breeders have been working to improve the
integrity and sustainability of the crop. This science has
saved millions of lives throughout the world. We encourage
consumers to continue learning more about the food they eat
and the peer-reviewed science behind the stories and books
written. We encourage a constructive dialogue that is based
on truth rather than fiction.
The National Wheat Improvement Committee is comprised
of 24 members representing regional public and private sector
researchers, growers and the food processing industry. The goals
of the NWIC are to identify and advocate for research priorities
of national significance to the wheat community and to provide
science-based education on issues which connect wheat improvement with wheat utilization and consumption. Brett Carver, Ph.D.,
regents professor, Wheat Genetics Chair in Agriculture, Wheat
Breeding and Genetics, Oklahoma State University Department of
Plant and Soil Sciences, serves as the current chair of the NWIC. To
learn more about the NWIC, visit wheatworld.org/research
Sources
Stephen Baenziger, Ph.D., Small Grains Breeding and
Genetics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of
Agronomy
1
David Marshall, Ph.D., Plant Science Research Leader, USDAAgricultural Research Service
2
3
U.S. Wheat Associates
“Wheat,” Shewry, P.R., Journal of Experimental Botany, 60,
1537-1553. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp058 (2009)
4
“Mortality in celiac disease, intestinal inflammation, and
gluten sensitivity,” Green, P., Journal of American Medical
Association, 302, 1225-1226. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1366 (2009)
5
“Celiac disease in the developing countries: A new and challenging public health problem,” Cataldo, F., and Montalto, G.,
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 13, 2153-2159 (2007)
6
Wheat Foods Council (Oct. 14, 2011). Gluten and the Diet.
Wheat Foods Council. Retrieved from http://wheatfoods.org/
resources/gluten-and-diet
7
8
“The Proteins of the Wheat Kernel,” Osborne, T.B. , Carnegie
Inst. of Washington Publication, 84, 5-119 (1907)
Roberto Javier Pena, Ph.D., Wheat Grain Quality Specialist,
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
9
10
“Wheat Belly—An analysis of selected statements and basic
theses from the book,” Jones, J.M., Cereal Foods World, 57, 177189. doi: 10.1094/cfw-57-4-0177 (2012)
U.S. Department of Agriculture
11
12
World Health Organization (WHO), 2010
European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products,
Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2011). Scientific Opinion on
the substantiation of health claims related to arabinoxylan
produced from wheat endosperm and reduction of postprandial glycaemic responses (ID 830) pursuant to Article 13(1)
of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal, 9, 2205. doi:
10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2205
13
Hans Braun, Ph.D., Director of Global Wheat Program,
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
14
15
“High frequency of HMW-GS sequence variation through
somatic hybridization between Agropyron elongatum and
common wheat,” Xin, Gao et al., Planta, 231, 245-250. doi:
10.1007/s00425-009-1040-1 (2009)
“Asymmetric somatic hybridization between wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) and Agropyron elongatum (Host) Nevishi,”
Xia, Guangmin et al., Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107,
299–305. doi:10.1007/s00122-003-1247-7 (2003)
16
Steven Xu, Ph.D., geneticist, USDA-Agricultural Research
Service
17
18
“An overview of the role of bread in the U.K. diet,”
JO’Connor, A., Nutrition Bulletin, 37, 193-212. doi:
10.1111/j.1467-3010.2012.01975.x
Other published resources used
“Immunogenicity characterization of two ancient wheat
α-gliadin peptides related to coeliac disease,” Gregorini, A. et
al., Nutrients, 1, 276-290. doi:10.3390/nu1020276 (2009)
“Genotypic and environmental modification of wheat
flour protein composition in relation to end-use Quality,”
Graybosch, R.A., et al., Crop Science, 36, 296-300 (1996)
“Whole- and refined-grain intakes are differentially associated
with abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in healthy
adults: the Framingham Heart Study,” McKeown, N.M., et al.,
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 92, 1165-71 (2010)
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WL
FEATURE
v.1
Craig Hunt
Nutritionist
Releasing
the diet prisoner
Daily, we are bombarded with headlines about losing
weight, so much so, that losing weight is losing traction.
To keep it interesting the media makes it into a contest,
like the “Biggest Loser,” which has many positive aspects,
yet for many people, sets an unrealistic expectation for
losing weight. Contests are exciting, as they can help motivate a person—unfortunately, this is often a short-lived
motivation.
When a person has attempted to lose weight and is
successful, research shows that the majority of people
gain the weight back—often referred to as the yo-yo
Want more advice on
syndrome. In headlines, we
living a healthy, active
also see information regardlifestyle? Craig Hunt
ing “permanent” changes, and
will be blogging regusomehow the word permanent
larly at wagrown.com
may sway some us toward a
when the site goes live
certain diet or supplement.
later this month.
With words like losing and
permanent floating around, it’s
easy to get snagged by the allure and dream of what that
really means for you, and beckons the question, “What are
we really gaining in this process, and are we just becoming another prisoner to a diet or supplement?”
In my private practice, I’ve seen intelligent people make
not-so-smart decisions about speeding up their weight
loss. A patient recently confided to me that she was
swayed by advertising to try a supplement that promised to “naturally” boost her metabolism and speed up
weight loss. A couple hours after taking the product, she
landed in the hospital with an irregular heartbeat. What
she “gained” from this excursion was an understanding
that taking shortcuts to lose weight more rapidly can have
dire consequences. Slower weight loss requires patience
and helps develop life-long, healthy skills, like how to eat
when traveling or how to manage the holidays.
Another patient “cleaned” up her diet so much that
she was losing more than two pounds a week for several weeks. I discussed with her that losing a half to two
pounds per week is a healthful range, but she was taking
an unrealistic shortcut by eating “too cleanly.” I’m not advocating people devour junk food, but totally eliminating
all treats is not a sustainable approach.
After she had lost
nearly 30 pounds in
five weeks, she felt deprived of her favorite
foods and predictably struggled with
managing moderation
of her favorite foods.
By Craig T. Hunt
Research shows that
Registered dietitian,
when people are
nutritionist and food coach
deprived of calories,
their brains strongly
begin craving and obsessing about food. This is well documented with anorexic
patients and prisoners of war—and it’s also true for cutting out too many calories and becoming a diet prisoner.
Each time a person takes a shortcut to losing weight
then regains the weight, there is a feeling of failure. But in
each one of the failures a hard lesson “may” be learned:
we cannot take drastic shortcuts to weight loss, be it six
hours of intense exercise per day or repeatedly consuming small meals and snacks of tasteless and boring foods.
Pleasure needs to be part of the equation, and we have to
learn how to work with it, not blot it out.
By taking time to develop “mindfulness” about eating
and lifestyle habits, we begin to gain an important understanding of our body’s needs. Mindfulness includes having nonfood responses to stress and developing a network
of support people to help when life tests our willpower.
Lastly, I want to give you a helpful tip about how to
include a favorite food, and examples of favorite foods
run the gamut. Let’s look at chocolate since it’s high on
many peoples’ list of favorite foods. Barbara Rolls, Ph.D.,
professor of Nutritional Sciences at Penn State University,
and author of “The Volumetrics Eating Plan,” has some
excellent advice. She says, “...by eating chocolate as a
snack, you may be continually reinforcing your craving
for it. To break that cycle, have chocolate at the end of the
meal when you are not very hungry. You are less likely to
overindulge at that time, and you can savor and enjoy its
delicious flavor.”
You can try this approach with any treat and help avoid
becoming a diet prisoner.
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WL PROFILES
Brian Cochrane
Leaving USAF jets behind to return to the family farm in Franklin County
By Kevin Gaffney
Maneuvering tractors and combines over steep slopes
of wheat fields might seem like a letdown from 17 years of
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for Brian Cochrane of Kahlotus.
Cochrane continues to be upbeat and enthusiastic about
farming since his retirement in 2007. He retired as a major
after 23 years as an officer in the USAF.
“I came back home to work with my brother, Dr. Kelly
Cochrane, and his wife, Rebecca, on the farm while I
looked for some gainful employment. I haven’t found it, so
I’m still farming,” quipped Cochrane.
Cochrane logged more than 4,400 flying hours, including more than 2,000 combat support hours.
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Brian Cochrane with his split-packer HZ drills in picturesque Franklin County.
travel, responsibility and leadership. I have an excellent
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Gertrude Cochrane, his great-grandparents. He is looking
forward to celebrating the 100th year of their farm operation.
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Cochrane and his siblings grew up in the home built by
his great-grandparents and were the third generation to
graduate from Kahlotus High School.
“I’ve done some research, and Washington state is one
of the few states that doesn’t have an interactive online site
to look up centennial farms. I’m hoping to help organize
getting our state active on the Internet,” he said.
Cochrane’s experience with government paperwork and
bureaucracy was useful during the process of certifying
their family farm as an educational facility for veterans to
come and work in their operation. Theirs is the only farm
in Washington state certified to train veterans. He is currently looking to hire a vet to help on their farm.
The Cochrane operation harvests about 3,500 total acres
annually, counting land they own, lease and custom cut
for other farmers. With all land owned or leased, including acreages that are in crop, CRP and pasture, they operate close to 15,000 acres.
Cochrane is optimistic about wheat farming. “With
many acres likely to come out of the CRP program soon, it
is an opportune time for expansion,” said Cochrane. “We
hope to add significant crop acreages over the next few
years.”
They raise mostly wheat and barley with some camelina. Like most farmers in dry areas, they operate with a
minimum amount of tillage and use mostly split packer
deep furrow drills for seeding their winter crops.
Their operation is somewhat widespread, with farms
stretching from Eltopia to near Lind at the north end and
over by Palouse Falls to the east.
“We have six combines strategically located around
north Franklin County, but it’s a rare harvest day when all
of them are running at the same time,” noted Cochrane.
“I have an extensive network of friends all over the
world, and many of them are envious of my farming lifestyle and heritage. I truly feel fortunate.
“I believe dryland farming is the most economical,
efficient method of producing food in the world,” stated
Cochrane. “No other farming practice is more effective
or environmentally friendly. Yes, there are concerns with
wind and water erosion, but our modern conservation
practices have severely reduced those problems. Dryland
farmers are the best stewards of the soil on earth.”
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By Tom Zwainz
I’d commend their perseverance if I wasn’t so opposed
to their objective.
A Lewiston-area resident, Linwood Laughy, appears
to be leading the effort to halt dredging. He’s the same
individual who helped force an oil company to switch
the routing of giant pieces of equipment heading to the
tar sands region of Canada away from North Idaho. The
testimony Laughy submitted to the Corps on its dredging proposal didn’t mention anything about the environment. It was all about dollars and cents.
Using numbers he came up with, Laughy said maintaining the navigation channel for 10 years will cost between $30 million to $40 million, or an average of $15,000
per barge leaving the Port of Lewiston. Of course, as is so
often the case when someone is trying to make a point,
he overstated costs and left out various economic drivers
like the tour boats that come up the river. He also didn’t
include the Port of Clarkston or the Port of Wilma in his
calculations. And he most certainly didn’t include the
road damage and added diesel particulates in the air that
would have occurred if 25,000 trucks had been put on
the road—the number shipping by barge from the Port
of Lewiston eliminated.
The Columbia-Snake River System is part of our national infrastructure, not unlike the Interstate Highway
System. And just like all federally operated systems,
maintenance is part of the package. Dredging is simply
the river system’s equivalent of repaving.
Some might argue that what’s happening in Lewiston
doesn’t have anything to do with us here in Washington.
That’s just what those who support dam breaching
would like you to believe. Like most issues we deal with
in agriculture nowadays, there’s nothing straight forward about the latest assault to the multiuse nature of
our federally operated river system. Activists may say it’s
about dredging, but really, it’s only the latest gambit by
those who would like to see all of the Snake River’s four
dams breached, along with the power generation, flood
Earlier on in the debate over breaching, the environmentalists pointed to fish survival as the reason the
dams had to be breached. Then, thanks in part to the
Corps’ effective fish mortality mitigation strategies,
fish survival past the dams has been nearing records
not seen before they were built. Since it’s hard to argue
against success, what’s the next best way to shut down
the 400-mile-long transportation corridor to the ocean?
Oppose dredging.
And it’s so easy. Dredging hasn’t had real good PR
over the last century. People immediately associate it
with environmental degradation or perhaps something
done to the people on Pandora in the movie “Avatar.”
But you know what? The dredging practiced a hundred
years ago is no more the same today than farming is.
Have you heard the Arabian adage about letting a
camel’s nose in the tent? The parable is about preventing
the smallest incursion from the beginning at the risk that
a seemingly harmless act will open the door to a larger
undesirable action. Although economics is being used
to justify opposition to dredging, those who understand
the nature of the battle over the river system, view it as
the camel’s nose. Which is why we must regard an attack
on any piece of the river system as an attack on its entirety. It is, after all, only another way for dam breaching
activists to achieve the same outcome.
Farmers or landlords whose grain goes by train to
market may read this and think it’s no skin off their
nose what happens on the river. But let me tell you what
they call farmers in North Dakota and Montana who
have only one transportation alternative. They call them
captive. And that is the primary reason to ensure our
corridor to the sea remains viable its entire length. We
do not want to become captive shippers, at the mercy of
what the market will bear when only a single mode of
transportation is available.
WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION
If you haven’t heard, there’s a group around Lewiston,
Idaho, who opposes dredging the river above Lower
Granite Dam where sediment threatens barge traffic,
most of which is wheat headed downriver. The Army
Corps of Engineers is doing everything they’re supposed
to. They investigated where the sediment originated
(from burned over forest land) and conducted a $16 million Environmental Impact Statement to figure out what
and how best to address the problem. Then, like good
government agencies everywhere, they put their report
and the solution—dredging—out for public hearing.
control, irrigation, recreation and navigation that goes
along with them. Not to mention reducing the overall
transportation capacity to move products to market.
Don’t get me wrong. I’m grateful for our railroad
infrastructure, and I’m happy that we will soon have two
shuttle loaders dedicated to wheat in the state. But it is
important even for those who don’t barge not to overlook
the advantages of our nearby barge system. Anytime
we have someone chipping away at our river system,
we must look closely at their motivations and respond
accordingly. You should too. Testimony on the Corps’
dredging plan can still be submitted until March 25.
Calm waters,
cloudy weather
50 Unlike meetings in the past where
some of the varieties under review
got a big fat raspberry from the millers and bakers who put
their performance
under a
microscope,
this year’s
Pacific
Northwest
Wheat
Quality
meeting in
Scottsdale, Ariz., did not make waves.
However, Mike Miller, who sits on
the Washington Grain Commission
and the Washington State Crop
Improvement Association, noted that
more varieties appear to be differentiating between end-use product
uses. For instance, a particular soft
white wheat variety may be good
for cookies, but not cakes, or vice
versa. On one hand, Miller said, this
is positive for domestic companies
that can identity-preserve production
into their facilities. But on the export
side, there is no such segregation of
varieties. Will amassing a single cargo
of multiple varieties still maintain the
end-use performance overseas millers and bakers depend upon, or will
newer varieties with specific end-use
attributes have a detrimental effect
on the cargo? Because wheat farmers
change their variety selection slowly,
Miller believes overseas customers
will have plenty of time to adjust to
the new varieties as they are put into
production.
On second thought
After contributing $7 million to the effort to defeat California’s Prop. 37, requiring
labeling on all food made with GMO ingredients, the CEO of Monsanto recently
said he is open to labeling. “I’d be up for a dialog around labeling. Maybe we’ll look
back and say (Prop. 37) was the start of a more reasonable debate,” Hugh Grant
said in an interview with the Wall St. Journal. Nevertheless, Grant maintains that as
the “most tested food product the world has ever seen,” transgenic technologies
are safe. The wheat industry continues to monitor the issue. At the Joint Biotech
Committee meeting of U.S. Wheat Associates and the National Association of
Wheat Growers held in Washington, D.C., in January, it was revealed that more than
half of the states in the nation have some labeling legislation in the works, including Washington state.
The nonherbicide herbicide
As good as Eastern Washington wheat and barley farmers are at keeping weed
populations in their fields down to reasonable levels, there are ryegrass seeds,
downy brome seeds, wild oat seeds, goatgrass seeds, etc., that germinate, grow
along with the crop and are spewed out of the back of
the combine with other residue during harvest. Many
of the weed seeds in the residue go on to sprout, and,
even with a good herbicide program, the weed cycle
continues. But what if you could kill the weed seeds
coming out of the back of the combine? A farmer
in Australia had that thought and came up with the
Harrington Seed Destructor. Touted as a nonchemical weed control tool for global grain crops, the seed
destructor is pulled on a trailer behind the combine
where the chaff from harvest is directed. The key to the
machine is a high capacity cage mill engineered as a crushing device with counter
rotating cages. Tested under various conditions, the seed destructor resulted in
more than 90 percent destruction of ryegrass, wild radish, wild oat and brome
grass seeds. Brome and wild oat had the highest seed destruction at 99 percent,
ryegrass destruction was 95 percent. Drew Lyon, who holds the endowed chair in
small grains extension and research, weed science, said the weed destructor is a
great example of thinking outside the box. Lyon believes other approaches to dealing with weed pressure in fields have yet to be discovered, and it is up to farmers
to bring them to the attention of scientists. “Farmers are great innovators, and we
will need them to continue innovating to deal with issues like herbicide resistance
in weeds, which many believe is going to become a major issue in the next 10 to 20
years,” Lyon said.
WGC REVIEW
WL
Eat donuts, lose weight!
Women who focus on a hearty, filling breakfast without worrying about morning calories can lose three times more weight than those devoted to healthy choices like bran
flakes. The research at Virginia Commonwealth University said that even eating sweets
are okay because a hearty breakfast with a treat prods the brain into producing more
mood-boosting serotonin. And serotonin dampens hunger pangs, cuts carb cravings
and speeds fat burning by 25 percent for 11 hours or more.
Thunder dome
Everybody knows that direct payments,
which are paid to farmers regardless of external factors, were sacrificed on the altar of
fiscal responsibility in the farm bill that was
written but not passed by the last Congress.
That glitch meant the 2008 farm bill was
extended for a year—and it still includes
provisions for direct payments. So, should
farmers sign up for them anyway, even
though they remain on the chopping block?
An Iowa State University professor says
producers who do sign up might have an
argument that the government must honor
the payment provision even if the program
ends. The reason is a 1996 Supreme Court
case, U.S. v. Winstar Corp. Rules the government created and later repealed for failing
thrift institutions during the savings and loan
crisis in the 1980s saw three savings and loan
thrifts win damages for breach of contract.
Australian weather sounds
almost Biblical, what with
sky-rocketing temperatures
followed by flooding followed
by even higher temperatures.
In 2009, 173 people died in the
state of Victoria as a result of the
heat. Then, in 2011, flooding allowed the government
to declare a decade-long drought was officially over. But again, in 2013,
the hot temperatures are back. In fact, the temperatures are so hot the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology added new colors to its weather maps
to denote temperatures once considered off the scale. Purple is used when
the temperature is between 122 to 125 degrees Fahrenheit, pink when the
temperature is between 125 to 129 degrees. The weather Down Under is
important to Pacific Northwest wheat farmers because Australia is located
in South Asia’s backyard, an area that is expected to see wheat consumption
boom. Transportation to many of the emerging economies in the region is
$10 to $15 less per ton from Australia than from the PNW, but if Australian
crops are damaged by rain or heat, the U.S., as the world’s reliable supplier,
stands to benefit.
Three cheers for Mary!
Cleaning up the climate
Mary Palmer Sullivan, vice president of the Washington Grain
Commission, is being honored by
the U.S. Grains Council as an excellent resource and longtime friend
within the barley industry. Tom
Sleight, USGC president and CEO,
said Sullivan, who began work with
what was then the Washington
Barley Commission in 1988, “has
given direction to our food uses
and barley malt programs, hosted teams and represented U.S.
growers and the U.S. barley sector on critically important efforts
like the 2000 and 2002 Japan Barley Producer Missions and the
2007 Feed and Food Barley Market Assessment Team to Japan.
“Mary has always been there for exports,” Sleight said.
Known scientifically as black carbon, soot has not been
high on the list of scientists’ climate change priorities
because it stays in the atmosphere for a relative short
time. Carbon dioxide, however, once produced tends to
remain there. But a new four-year study has found soot
is the second-most damaging greenhouse agent after
CO2, or about twice as bad for the climate as had been
thought. The soot is especially bad in frozen regions
when it falls on snow and ice, increasing the amount of
light and heat that’s absorbed. The good news is because
soot drops out of the atmosphere quickly, it will go away
quickly if the world stops putting it there. About 70
percent of sooty emissions in Europe and the Americas
come from diesel engines. With new Tier 2 diesel engines
in tractors and combines, agriculture is doing its part in
cutting back on the very element in question.
WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2013 WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION
Direct disorder
51
WL
WGC REVIEW
North Dakota nitrogen
China, China, China
52 Ask a wheat farmer which country he believes will have the largest influence on global agricultural commodity demand over the
next 10 years and he’ll likely respond China.
A poll of 350 executives from leading companies in the food, beverage and agribusiness industry concurs. The Rabobank poll
saw 61 percent of the respondents name
China as the biggest influence, far exceeding
India (14 percent); Africa (10 percent); Latin
America (9 percent); and Southeast Asia (6
percent.) In fact, 40 percent of the respondents felt China would remain the primary
driver of world economic growth for the
next 50 years.
If CHS goes ahead with its plans to build a new fertilizer manufacturing
plant in North Dakota, it will be the first time a nitrogen-specific plant has
been built in the U.S. since Jimmy Carter was president. In the late 1990s, the
U.S. lost 50 percent of its nitrogen production capacity due to the high cost
of natural gas. Many of the closed plants or pieces of them went overseas,
many to China, making the U.S. dependent on foreign sources. Today,
thanks to fracking, the U.S. is one of the lowest cost natural gas sources
in the world, and CHS is looking at investing $1.4 billion to build a plant
that could produce 2,200 metric tons of ammonia daily by as early as 2016.
Currently, much of the natural gas in North Dakota’s rich Bakken oil fields is
being flared off.
The sound of sinking infrastructure
“America’s infrastructure, its ports, locks, dams and inland waterways, are
old, underinvested in and too often ignored—to the cost of the businesses that depend on them and the consumers both in America and abroad
who buy things that pass through them. Some 70 percent of America’s
imports and 75 percent of its exports go through its ports.” From an article
in the Economist on how America’s waterway competitiveness is imperiled
because of under investment.
Putting a country to work
Unemployed youth are a magnet for dissension in any country, even if
the country is one of the world’s richest: Saudi Arabia. It should come as
no surprise then that in a recent report from
Peter Lloyd, U.S. Wheat Associates’ (USW) regional technical director, a milling company he
visited in the desert kingdom was promoting
the employment of Saudi citizens among its
operations staff. Under a process Lloyd called
“Saudization,” that means the milling experience of individuals from the Philippines and
the Subcontinent (India largely) will disappear
“with a commensurate skill shortage in the
short term.” Lloyd said this places an additional demand on training, a mission USW can assist with in the interest
of long term market development. Such training could expand the use
of soft white which has largely been absent from Saudi Arabia during the
country’s attempt (abandoned three years ago) to become self-sufficient
in wheat production. As a result, most Saudi milling staff only know Saudi
wheat, an extremely hard wheat, and are reluctant to mill soft white. To
bridge the knowledge gap, the Washington Grain Commission has budgeted to send two containers of soft white to Saudi Arabia within the next
six months.
Meow, Meow, Me-OW!
According to a new study, those who oppose wind turbines because they are associated with bird mortality should actually look at their cats as
the larger problem.
The Smithsonian
Conservation Biology
Institute study found
wind turbines kill far fewer birds than the average
house cat. It’s estimated
that cats kill about 12.3 billion mammals every year
and about 2.4 billion birds.
Wind turbines, on the other
hand, kill just 440,000 birds.
“Free-ranging cats...are likely
the single greatest source
of anthropogenic (human
caused) mortality for birds
and mammals.”
WGC REVIEW
WL
Biotech net thrown wide
Anyone involved in agriculture who watched the Super
Bowl was talking about the Chrysler commercial that
aired during the fourth quarter. The ad, which featured an essay radio broadcaster Paul Harvey wrote,
begins, “And on the eighth day, God looked down on
his planned paradise and said, ‘I need a caretaker.’ So
God made a farmer.” The automaker commissioned
10 photographers to create farming images, a few of
which include the vehicle the company was promoting, the 2013 Dodge Ram pickup. Case IH, which was
also a partner in the commercial, had photographs of
its equipment included too. Chrysler is designating
2013 as the year of the farmer. As part of the promotion, the company will contribute up to $1 million to
the National FFA Foundation depending on how many
people watch the advertisement. For those who missed
the Superbowl or who want to watch the commercial
again or who simply want to ensure FFA gets its million
bucks, go to ramtrucks.com/en/keepplowing.
The future of wheat
Reliable data is lacking, but it’s possible that
instant noodles, not bread, are now the world’s
top user of wheat flour. Whatever product is in
first place, the rise of instant noodles since they
were invented in Japan a little more than 50
years ago is phenomenal. Annual sales of the
product are in the range of 100 billion packets,
with half of those sold in China where consumers can buy instant noodles in 280 different
flavors. Indonesia is in second place followed
by Japan. The U.S. is missing out on much of
the noodle market because it has never gotten
around to growing much hard white wheat,
the preferred class for instant noodles.
Crafting wheat for the West side
There are craft breweries, but now Washington State
University’s Agricultural Research Center in Mt. Vernon, Wash.,
has a craft bakery. Stephen Jones, director of the center,
recently spoke at the Cascadia Grains Conference encouraging
farmers to grow red wheat for the artisan baking industry on
land idled as dairies have left the area. Since the WGC marketing order does not extend to counties west of the Cascades,
there is no good estimate of the acreage devoted to wheat
in the region. The best estimate is between 25,000 to 45,000
acres.
Peacing it together
Click to feel proud
What do salmon and wheat have in common? Not much, unless
you consider a letter to the commissioner of the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) that was signed by both U.S. Wheat
Associates and the National Association of Wheat Growers. The
Feb. 5 letter commends the FDA’s environmental assessment
on a long-pending salmon application. The Atlantic salmon
in question have been modified by the addition of a growthhormone regulating gene from a Pacific Chinook salmon and
a promoter gene from an ocean pout. This permits the fish to
grow year round and shortens by half the time it takes to raise
the farmed salmon to market size. The letter, which was signed
by 28 other organizations, said it is essential farmers have access to the best technology, and governments need to aggressively support agricultural innovation and science-based regulation. “Now that the science review is finished on the salmon
application, we look forward to a final decision and to working
with the administration on this and other valuable food security
initiatives that can only be achieved through strong leadership,
global collaboration and utilizing animal and plant science,
including biotechnology.”
Farmers might argue that farming is
“the toughest job you’ll ever love,” but
the Peace Corps coined the phrase
first. Washington state, meanwhile, is
ground zero for Peace Corps sign-ups
among the three categories of schools
that are measured by the organization,
which sends volunteers to emerging nations
around the world. For the first time ever, the
large, medium and small division schools sending the most volunteers
overseas were all in Washington. The University of Washington topped
the large school list with 107 volunteers, Western Washington University
topped the list for medium-size schools with 73 volunteers, and Gonzaga
University in Spokane topped the small school list with 24.
REPORTS
WA S H I N G TO N G R A I N CO M M I S SION
Pivoting
toward
South Asia
Wheat growers investigate
“ground zero for milling”
By Scott A. Yates
When Nick Hool, manager of finance and procurement
at the Cerestar flour mill, described the small town of
Cilegon on the island of Java as “ground zero for milling,” it was difficult to know whether he was referring
to Southeast Asia or the world. The more I learned about
the Indonesian milling industry, I’d suggest his description applies to both.
The visit to the Cerestar mill was the high point of my
two-week trip traveling to Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia
and Korea during January. In the company of four farmers from around the U.S. and a staff member from U.S.
Wheat Associates (USW), we saw firsthand the challenges and opportunities that face U.S. exports to the region.
Taiwan and Korea, markets best referred to as mature,
will be addressed by an article in the April edition of
Wheat Life. Indonesia, which was anything but settled
and predictable, is the focus here.
We’ve all seen calves frolic in a field, kicking up their
heels around their watchful, cud-chewing mothers. As
a metaphor, the comparison is not perfect, but it helps
portray the difference between an emerging market like
Indonesia and developed markets. The mills we visited in Indonesia, as well as their staff, were calves, full
of youthful vigor and spirit, while those we visited in
Korea and Taiwan were older and wiser with the experience of time. The reason for the difference boils down to
one word: time. A Dutch-controlled country until 1945,
Indonesia had no milling facilities at all before 1970. In
1971, the country’s rulers allowed Bogasari to open, and
for 37 years under a sort of regulated monopoly, it was
54 One of the perks of traveling overseas is that at the hotels where the Asia
Board Team stayed, there is always a greeter to open doors and ensure
a pleasant visit. In Jakarta, the greeters were young women, like this
diminutive young woman posing with Bob Newtson of Helix, Ore.
Tim Anderson of Wyoming (left) and Greg Svenningsen of North Dakota,
listen as Tan Boon Hock, division manager for Cerestar’s Cilegon-based
flour mill, talks about the thousands of tons of wheat storage available to
the mill. Note that the storage is built on stilts so conveyers don’t have to
be dug underground.
WGC REPORTS
Singapore
Cilegon,
Indonesia
Portland
8,000 miles
WL
the only company allowed to mill grain into flour.
This head start allowed Bogasari to become the
country’s biggest flour miller by far, but since
1998, when the milling industry was opened up
to competition, free-market entrepreneurs have
been straining to catch up. There are now 17
flour mills in Indonesia with a total capacity of
seven million tons annually.
With a population of around 250 million,
Indonesia is not only the world’s most populous
majority Muslim nation, it is the planet’s fourth
largest country overall. Furthermore, another 50
million people are expected to be added by 2040.
(Above) Four people were killed in the flooding that inundated Jakarta
during the Asia Board Team visit, but for most people, life went on, just
a little wetter. (Below) Before electricity and the advent of speakers to
call the Muslim faithful to prayer, the giant drum behind the Asia Board
Team was used as the signal to come pray. From left to right are David
Radenberg, Tyler Jameson, Tim Anderson, Bob Newtson, Scott Yates
and Greg Svenningsen. The drum is located in the world’s third biggest
mosque, directly across the street from a Catholic Church in Jakarta. Note
the bare feet, a requirement of entering a mosque. Jameson, who was
wearing shorts, was required to wear a robe.
In the last five years, five new mills have been built
with a 1,000-metric-ton-per-day or greater capacity. Per
capita consumption of wheat is currently pegged at 55
pounds per person compared to 134 pounds in the U.S.
and 396 pounds in Egypt. The opportunity for growth
is phenomenal. One mill official predicted that within
five years, Indonesia will be the largest wheat importer
in the world. Considering that Egypt currently imports
around nine million metric tons annually, that’s saying
something.
Looking at a map of the world, it’s easy to assume,
based on the distances involved, that Indonesia should
be in Australia’s hip pocket. From a freight perspective
alone, it costs $10 to $15 a ton more to ship wheat from
the Pacific Northwest than from Australia. But erratic
weather in the wheat-growing regions Down Under,
veering from too hot to too wet, not to mention disarray
in the wheat industry caused by the elimination of the
AWB, has made it a less-than-reliable supplier.
Rice is the grain of choice for Indonesians and eating
it is deeply entrenched in the society. Asking someone
if they have eaten is really asking if they have eaten rice.
The driver of one of the cars we traveled in said that he
didn’t feel he had eaten if he didn’t have rice. But wheat
consumption is rising an average of 7 percent a year as
people climb out of poverty and into the middle class,
a status that is reached in Indonesia by earning about
$3,000 a year.
As a result, in the 2011/12 crop year, Indonesia purchased 830,000 metric tons of U.S. wheat worth $270
million, ranking it among America’s top 10 importers. Its
purchases of soft white wheat came in at 280,000 metric
tons, making it the sixth largest importer of the grain
grown in the Northwest. It ranks fourth in terms of hard
red spring purchases at 410,000 metric tons.
The influx of bread products in Indonesia can be seen
in high-end malls that have multiple, bakery-oriented
outlets with everything from cinnamon buns to cookies and loaves of bread. There is a problem with this
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rosy picture, however, and that is
the fact most Indonesian wheat
consumption is heavily weighted
toward a more modest meal: instant
noodles. In fact, most of the consumption of wheat in Southeast
Asia in general is in instant noodles, a product Japan introduced
a little more than 50 years ago. At
the Cerestar mill, for example, 60
percent of its production goes for
noodles, 30 percent for cookies and
just 10 percent for bread.
Australia has almost all the noodle market owing to the fact that
America produces very little hard
white wheat. A class that was introduced in the early 1990s to replace
hard red winter wheat, farmers
have been extremely slow to switch
their production, a frustrating situation for overseas customers.
“If you had hard white,” said
Tan Boon Hock, Cerestar’s plant
division manager, “you could give
Australian farmers a run for their
money.”
The Cerestar mill, which opened
in October 2009, is immaculate.
Dozens of Buhler mills manufactured in China go about their
24-hour-a-day business of grinding
grain with hardly an employee in
sight. And it’s not just about grinding individual classes of grain. The
state-of-the-art facility can blend
both different streams of wheat and
different streams of flour. Although
it has a bulk loading facility, it’s not
being used yet. Today, the 15 different flour products Cerestar sells
are put in 48-pound bags for their
journey around Indonesia and for
export to places like Korea.
Cerestar is just down the road
from two other mills, and a fourth
is soon to be built in the same
neighborhood. Actually, thanks
to its two ports, Cilegon is a major
industrial area. From the roof of the
mill, it was possible to see a giant
steel factory, several sugar cane
processing facilities, two ports, a
56 (Above) Flooding kept the number of people in a Jakarta park down during the Asia Board Team’s
one free day in Indonesia, but those who make their living catering to local tourists were out
in force, even with temperatures in the 90s and high humidity. A person dressed as figure from
Indonesian history makes his living by having photos taken with tourists. Note the container for
people to place change in the figure’s right hand. (Below) Opened in 2009, the Cerestar Mill in
Cilegon is kept in pristine condition as Tim Anderson (left) and David Radenberg can attest.
Tan Boon Hock
(left), division
plant manager
of the Cerestar
mill, and Nick Ool
Eng Hool, finance
and procurement
division manager,
are enthusiastic
about the future of
wheat in Indonesia,
an enthusiasm that
is easy to catch
listening to them.
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coal-fired power station and a cement factory.
(Left) For now, bread products like the cinnamon buns and muffins seen in a display case in a highend Jakarta mall are out of reach of most Indonesians whose primary experience with wheat is in
the form of inexpensive instant noodles. (Right) In a single mall there were more than three stores
selling their specialty products made from wheat. This packaged cake product was made from soft
white wheat.
Mill management is very aware
that not all wheat is created equal.
As Hock said, Indian wheat appears to have perfect protein and
the gluten is okay, but for making
noodles, breads, cookies and cakes,
it is useless.
That quality comment is just the
sort of thing Mike Spier, regional
vice president for USW’s Southeast
Asia operations, likes for farmers
to hear. Although bushels pay the
bills, quality ensures U.S. market
share and should never be taken for
granted.
Northwest farmers who grow
soft white wheat might have had
burning ears as Cerestar plant officials talked glowingly about the
wheat class.
(Above) No matter where you are, you have to eat. Following an authentic Indonesian meal, Asia
Board Team members pose for a photo. Clockwise around the table are Scott Yates, Tyler Jameson,
Bob Newtson, David Radenberg, Greg Svenningsen and Tim Anderson. (Below) Multicourse meals
are part of the culture of entertainment in much of Asia. This one, held in Jakarta for the Asia Board
Team, was hosted by Cerestar mill owner Hondro Widjaja.
“Customers are very happy with
its consistency and quality,” Hool
said, adding that Cerestar expects
to use more of the class to satisfy
demand from companies like Kraft
Foods that use the mill’s flour to
produce cookies and cakes.
“I hope that U.S. soft white will
continue to maintain its quality and
consistency,” he said.
“We don’t buy rubbish wheat,” he
said, explaining that his company’s
penetration of the market is dependent upon providing superior flour
at an affordable price. ”With U.S.
wheat, we can do wonders.”
Those words, “quality and consistency,” were heard repeatedly
as we toured the Cerestar facility,
so it was gratifying and also a little
amusing when I finally had the
opportunity to present a framed
photo of Washington wheat land
to the mill officials. You see, there,
under the words “Pacific Northwest
Soft White Wheat” was a message
farmers in Eastern Washington
also believe in. “Quality and
Consistency.” We all had a good
laugh.
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Don’t call them junkets!
Visiting overseas markets is an eye-opening experience
By Scott A. Yates
Don’t let anyone tell you
that overseas trips taken by
members of the U.S. Wheat
Associates’ board of directors
are junkets.
A junket is an excursion
taken at someone else’s expense which usually involves
entertainment. Politicians are
famous for taking junkets.
The journey I took, along
with four wheat farmers,
could best be described as
a business trip—or forced
march, take your pick.
There is nothing glamorous
about checking in and out of
five hotels in two weeks, flying 14 hours at a stretch and
eating exotic food which may
or may not agree with you.
At the same time, that doesn’t
mean the experience wasn’t
interesting, eye opening and
even occasionally exciting.
In addition to Tyler
Jameson, assistant director of policy at U.S. Wheat
Associates (USW), my traveling companions included
hard red spring grower Greg
Svenningsen from North
Dakota; hard red winter
growers David Radenberg
from Kansas and Tim
Anderson from Wyoming;
and soft white grower Bob
Newtson from Oregon. If
ever there were a bunch of
whiners, this group was not
it. No one complained, no one
got on the others’ nerves and
everyone was open to learning something from their
companions.
The purpose of the Asia
David Radenberg (left) of Kansas makes a point during a briefing at the U.S. Wheat Associates’ office in
Singapore, while Tim Anderson, Mike Spier, USW’s regional vice president for South Asia, and Joe Sowers,
assistant regional director for South Asia, listen.
Board Team trip to Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia and Korea was straight forward: to
promote U.S. wheat while evaluating USW wheat offices and staff. Thrown together
in Portland, the five of us formed a team that did just that. And as a byproduct of
that responsibility, we received an education that will stay with us the rest of our
lives.
As part of maintaining my South Asia focus in this issue of Wheat Life, our
doorway to the emerging countries of the region led through the USW office in
Singapore. Located in a modern high-rise surrounded by a forest of other high-rises,
six people work in the office, making it USW’s second largest overseas presence.
Egypt’s USW office is the first.
With a U.S. wheat presence in Singapore for 30 years, the fieldwork has been accomplished, and it now appears we are ready to harvest the crop. Today, the USW
employee most responsible for maximizing yields is Mike Spier, regional vice president for South Asia, a position he has held since 2009.
In his early 40s, Spier has a wife and two children. Like many of those involved
in modern agriculture, Spier came to his position circuitously. He grew up in
urban western Oregon and was initially a number cruncher with United Grain
Corporation. When an opportunity arose for him to be involved in sales, he jumped
at the chance. That ultimately led to his being hired as assistant director of USW’s
Portland office in 1997. He has also served USW in Egypt and the Philippines.
Joe Sowers, USW’s assistant regional director for South Asia, traveled from his
base in the Philippines to accompany the Asia Board Team on its swing through
Indonesia. Also in his early 40s, he too has a wife and two children. His background
includes a master’s degree in agricultural economics. Following work as an econo-
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mist with Global Insights Inc, he took a job as senior
market analyst for USW in its Arlington office in 2005.
He was subsequently posted to Mexico City and in
2011, accepted a transfer to his current position based in
Manila.
Young and energetic, Spier and Sowers reflect the vibrancy of the markets they are most directly responsible
for. My teammates and I couldn’t help but be excited by
their excitement in the potential of the region.
Six countries are the main importers of wheat in the
region: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand and Vietnam. A couple factors appear to be
driving the increase in wheat consumption. A rising
middle class fueled by economies growing at an average
pace of 5.5 percent over the last 10 years and a youthful
population exposed to the internet (and its influences)
via ubiquitous cell phones has made products that were
once luxuries, staples.
landed basis, the ace up America’s sleeve is the ongoing
ability to service customers. USW baking technologists
Roy Chung and Phua Lock Yang of USW’s Singapore
office are on the road constantly, conducting baking
courses and problem solving throughout the region. Or
as Spier put it, there may be six people in the office, but
there’s only two or three times each year that everyone
is in the same place. Anyone who knows the history of
USW in North Asia understands the importance of early
technical servicing work in markets such as Japan and
South Korea, now firmly among the rank of America’s
best wheat customers.
South Asia’s market potential is one thing, but coupling it with a system that allows importers peace of
mind that what they tendered for will be delivered, is
something else again. Australia, due to the country’s upheaval in its wheat trade, lacks that sort of transparency.
Spier said the Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS)
with its impartial grading of U.S. wheat is an important
piece of the overseas formula for success. Customers
know they can count on the U.S. grain-grading system to
provide them a product that will be the same from cargo
to cargo. And if there are problems, they know there are
mechanisms that don’t leave them holding the bag.
“The FGIS is a big advantage for the U.S.” Spier said.
While U.S. wheat can’t compete with Australia on a
So, too, are USW employees who dedicate years of
their and their families’ lives to living overseas. Not to
mention the boardmember/farmers who are willing to
take the business trips necessary to monitor USW’s foreign trade activities and return home to tell the story.
There may be rules of the road, but they are not obvious on the drive
from the Jakarta airport into the city.
The brand new mills of Indonesia have a lot of wall space that could
do with a few photos like the one Scott Yates of the Washington Grain
Commission presented to Tan Boon Hock (left) and Nick Hool.
WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2013 WASHINGTON GRAIN COMMISSION
There are 30 countries in the South Asia region which
has a population of 2.2 billion or about a third of the
world’s population. While some of the countries in the
region, like India and Pakistan, are wheat producers,
most are not. Currently, an estimated 100 million metric
tons of rice is consumed throughout the region annually—an amount growing at a rate of 1 percent a year.
Compared to the 18 million metric tons of wheat consumed, it might be easy to become disenchanted. But
wheat consumption is increasing at a much, much faster
pace.
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59
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Assuming the helm
Department of Crop and Soils’ loss is Extension’s gain.
You might have heard a collective groan of disappointment among wheat industry veterans when Rich
Koenig, then chair of the Department of Crop and Soils,
announced he would accept the position as associate
dean and director of Extension at Washington State
University (WSU).
Koenig, who served as Crop and Soils chair for a little
more than four years, not only helped tame interdepartmental squabbling, he ushered in a new era of cooperation and consensus between the College of Agriculture
and Human and Natural Resource Sciences (CAHNRS)
and the Washington Grain Commission (WGC). In fact, it
was in part the leadership qualities he exhibited as chair
that earned him the opportunity to take the helm of
Extension, a much larger, more complex entity than any
single department.
Once an integral part of agriculture in the region with
multiple educators in every Eastern Washington county,
Extension has lost its farming focus as budget cut upon
budget cut first forced it to contract its offerings and
then to explore how to be relevant to all the citizens of
the state, the largest proportion of which lives on the
West side. It has been a thankless task. During the last 10
years, there have been 3 directors of Extension, and the
organization has been reorganized countless times.
At the same time Extension was treading water, private companies saw the opportunity to provide services
no longer offered by the organization. Today’s Eastern
Washington wheat farmers are far more likely to depend
upon a Certified Crop Advisor (CCA) for the information
to help him grow his crop than Extension personnel.
Koenig believes there is an opportunity for Extension
to return to its roots of providing farmers unbiased
answers to the never-ending litany of agriculture’s mysteries. It won’t look like your father’s (or grandfather’s)
Extension, but for farmers willing to update their computer and communication skills, it will provide an alternative, or perhaps just an adjunct, to private industry.
To get a sense of Koenig’s vision for the future, he recently answered a series of questions put to him by Scott
Yates, director of communications for the WGC.
WGC: Am I right in assuming that you plan on raising
the profile of Extension among traditional agricultural
fields?
KOENIG: Yes, this is one of my primary goals. We can’t
do everything, but when we try, we can do a few things
very well. Going forward, we will focus on industries
and sectors that align well with our faculty expertise and
strengths and that are capable of providing resources
to support or enhance faculty research and Extension
programs. Cereals and dryland cropping systems will
certainly be in our portfolio of priority areas, as well as
tree fruit, potatoes, wine and cattle, among others.
WGC: In the past, Extension has experimented with a
variety of approaches to make themselves meaningful.
That has included going to the West side to access youth
through various programs. Will you change the emphasis of Extension back to something agriculture is more
familiar with?
KOENIG: The political reality of receiving public
funding in a divided state like Washington is the need
to address the wishes of the voting population. We will
continue to address Western Washington and nonagriculture needs, but the way in which we do this will
evolve and include more focus on regional programs,
better use of technology and a different approach. We’ll
focus attention in Western Washington on food systems.
Although a low percentage of people farm on the West
side, everyone eats, and it’s my belief that we can aid
their understanding and appreciation of farming by a
focus on food.
WGC: In the vacuum that Extension left as it attempted
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to staunch its bleeding, private agricultural companies
have made inroads into what was Extension’s turf. Do
you perceive Extension’s research/education as being
more objective than private companies?
My goal is to position Extension to deliver information
to growers in new ways and to increase the quality and
utility of the information. That plan does not exclude
private companies. In fact, one of my goals is to position Extension to support and train industry personnel.
We have many highly qualified and respected scientists
here, and industry could benefit from their expertise as
much as growers. In fact, a case could be made that we
get a better multiplier effect if we train industry consultants since they each reach dozens if not hundreds of
growers. The responsibility is ours to develop high quality information.
WGC: Now that privates have planted their flags, can
you bring farmers back to the Extension model?
KOENIG: I am not sure we would want to bring
farmers back to the old Extension model, or that they
want this either. Information is available everywhere,
from many different sources. In addition to translating
research into practice, our role is to add value to information already available. For example, we are moving
to something I have called value-added approaches to
information.
WGC: What does that mean?
KOENIG: I am not ready to completely reveal my hand
here yet, but some examples include the formation of an
Extension dryland cropping systems. Drew Lyon, who
was recently hired as Extension weed scientist at WSU,
was a member of a very successful cropping systems
team in Nebraska. He has agreed to take the lead in the
formation of a similar project here. The team will be
made up of scientists in each major dryland/wheat-based
area: agronomy, weeds, soils, pathology, entomology
and cropping systems. This group will be the clearing
house for research-based information from across WSU
and programs of the Agricultural Research Service of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Part of this effort means
making the information available in new and highly efficient forms that allow growers to digest and make better
decisions with it.
One example will be a wheat variety selection tool in
an online database in which growers can enter criteria
for a variety (location, pest pressures, market class,
production goals, etc.) and the database will search the
variety testing program data and provide a short list of
recommended varieties (public and private) that match
the search criteria.
This is just the beginning. We are also discussing virtual diagnosis tools for weeds, diseases, insects and nutrient
deficiencies. Fertilizer recommendation databases will be
a part of the product. All a grower will need to do is enter
key information and the program returns recommendations as well as indicators of nutrient-use efficiency by the
crop. Linking pest models to real-time weather data from
AgWeatherNet is also in the plans so farmers can more
accurately forecast pest outbreaks and severity.
I would also like to see us link sensing instruments
to existing weather stations in order to make things like
soil moisture data available in real time. Imagine the
power of accessing the web to check in on soil moisture
recharge in the crop-fallow area after a rain or thaw. This
would be an extremely powerful tool to forecast wheat
yields and make planting and fertilization decisions.
WGC: These is all pretty high tech for Extension. Do
you have anything planned that is more traditional?
KOENIG: I also have plans to establish a Wheat
University within Extension where we will pursue a
more in-depth approach to educating wheat growers.
This model would involve a two- to three-day seminar
once a year during the winter to cover basic and advanced wheat production practices. Many of the existing
Extension and even industry programs currently involve
a series of short snippets that are good at informing, but
not educating. This Wheat University concept would
permit more time to delve into education and learning.
KOENIG: Extension has always been recognized as
a source of unbiased information, though in my experience industry often, but perhaps not always, also
disseminates unbiased information. I believe our real
advantage is that Extension is uniquely positioned to
translate the most recent and cutting-edge research from
the university into practices the industry can use. This is
our comparative advantage and one of the main reasons
land grant institutions like WSU were created. There is
no doubt Extension has lost some of its strong connections to research in certain areas, but we are rebuilding
this connection in deliberate and focused ways.
WL
WGC: Any other plans to bring Extension back to relevance for wheat farmers?
KOENIG: We are aggressively hiring the best people in
the country, if not the world, to fill key positions in cereal
research and Extension. Together with our resources
and those provided by growers through the Washington
Grain Commission, we are actively working to retain
them and give them the tools necessary to be successful.
We are world class in wheat. Our goal is to be recognized
worldwide as the center for cereal variety development
and management research and education, including
Extension.
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Forecast calls for good, not great, Northwest weather
Douglas predicts drought will continue in Midwest
By Scott A. Yates
Not a lot of rain, but cool. In a nutshell,
that’s the spring forecast Art Douglas gave
those who attended the long-range meteorologist’s Washington Grain Commissionsponsored presentation at Farm
Forum in Spokane
recently.
When it comes
to weather within
other farming
regions of the
U.S., however,
Douglas’ prediction for Eastern
Washington is a lot better than most places.
For instance, he said that as long as there is
a cold body of water off the West coast of
the U.S. extending toward Hawaii, drought
will continue in the Midwest. That’s because the cold creates a high pressure ridge
which prevents storms from entering the
central U.S. farming region.
Long-range forecaster Art Douglas is not one of those who worries about the climate getting
too warm. In fact, he believes, based on sunspot activity, that the earth will be cooler in 30
years.
Douglas, professor emeritus of the Atmospheric
Science Department at Creighton University, has been
delivering his long-range forecasts at Farm Forum for
more than 30 years. In fact, during this year’s presentation, he said the event helped give him his start in the
field.
One of the first things Douglas does during any appearance is to review how well he did on his previous
one. Thanks to an El Niño he predicted would develop
and didn’t, he had some explaining to do. Of course, he
wasn’t alone. The meteorological community throughout the world had predicted an El Niño, which refers
to the development of a warm body of water off the
coast of South America, a phenomenon which peaks
in December and appears to control weather patterns
throughout much of the world.
Although El Niño’s opposite, La Niña, is ordinarily
positive for Australia, the continent-sized nation continues to be “as dry as dry can be.” He believes Australia
hasn’t broken free of the short lasting El Niño which
reached its zenith in the April-June time frame. India,
meanwhile, is sitting pretty, and Douglas forecasts the
sub-continent to have one of the better wheat harvests in
the world. He is also cautiously optimistic about South
America’s forecast as well as Europe and the Black Sea
region.
The midwest U.S. is another matter entirely. Besides
the ridge of high pressure on the West Coast, Douglas
said a warm Atlantic is preventing storms from coming
into the U.S. from that direction.
“These double barrel highs are protecting the U.S.
from getting much moisture,” he said, adding that unless
these patterns change, it will be hard for the Midwest
to break out of drought. One note of optimism is that
he doesn’t believe the high temperatures which fried
Midwest crops last year will return with as much intensity this summer.
Despite his dire predictions elsewhere, Douglas said
there is hope for the Northwest as opportunities exist
for low pressure to dip into British Columbia bringing
storms into the region and “adequate” moisture combined with cool temperatures. That weather will not extend far south however, and he predicts southern Oregon
will be “bone dry.”
Concerning global warming, Douglas continues to
believe the climate is changing, only it’s his belief, based
on declining sunspot activity, the earth will actually
become cooler over the next 30 years. As for evidence the
planet is warming, including the retreat of sea ice in the
Arctic, Douglas reminded his listeners that such measurements have only occurred since 1979, hardly enough
time to extrapolate planetary trends.
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Investigating WL
cereal cyst nematode tolerance and resistance in spring wheat
By Richard W. Smiley
Professor of Plant Pathology,
OSU Columbia Basin Agricultural Research
Center
Management of this nematode is currently limited to
long rotations that include bare fallow or broadleaf crops
which are immune. Damage can be masked somewhat
by applying extra fertilizer and water, if it is available.
Effective nematicides are not registered for commercial
use on cereal crops. An economical approach to control
will require varieties that are both tolerant and resistant.
Each of these traits is required for optimal performance,
and they are genetically independent.
Tolerant varieties have the ability to withstand or
recover from nematode invasion and to yield well in
comparison with non-invaded plants. Yields of intolerant varieties are reduced substantially by the nematode.
Since grain yield is used to determine tolerance, this
research is conducted in infested fields. Plants are grown
in plots that are either left untreated, to measure what
the farmer would experience, or are treated with nematicides to reduce the impact of the nematode.
Resistant varieties suppress or prevent reproduction
of the nematode. Susceptible varieties allow the nematode to multiply, thereby increasing the level of risk to
subsequent cereal crops. These tests require counting the
number of egg-filled females on roots when plants are in
the heading stage.
We had evaluated resistance of some varieties in the
METHODS
Spring wheat trials were conducted over a two-year
period on five commercial fields at four locations in
Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Trials were near St.
Anthony, Idaho, Cove, Ore., and Steptoe, Wash., during
2011. Trials were near St. Anthony, Idaho, and Cashup,
Wash., during 2012. All trials were replicated. Alternate
drill strips were treated with nematicides so that each
variety was grown side-by-side either with or without
nematicide. Grain yields from treated and untreated
plots were compared to determine tolerance. Three varieties were evaluated during 2011: Alpowa, Louise and
Ouyen. Alpowa and Louise were known to be susceptible to CCN. Ouyen is an Australian variety that has
an effective resistance gene (Cre1), as was demonstrated
in our greenhouse tests. During 2012, we re-evaluated
these varieties plus 17 other PNW varieties selected by
Drs. Juliet Marshall (UI), Mike Flowers (OSU) and Mike
Pumphrey (WSU).
Two nematicides used in these tests are not registered
for commercial use, meaning that all grain produced in
the trials had to be destroyed. Temik 15G was banded
with the seed in alternate drill strips. Later, Movento was
applied to foliage of drill strips that had been treated
with Temik.
The cereal cyst nematode (CCN),
Heterodera avenae, reduces yields
of wheat, barley and oats in localized areas throughout the Pacific Northwest (PNW).
Root injury by this nematode consists of a shallow root
system that is less able to extract water and nutrients.
Female nematodes mature on the roots, and each female
can contain hundreds of eggs. After the plant dies, the
female body transforms into a leathery cyst that protects
eggs between susceptible crops. Eggs hatch over a period
of several years. This occurs during the spring, when
a juvenile stage of the nematode emerges from the cyst
and migrates through soil and invades young roots of
wheat, barley or oat.
greenhouse but had not done this in commercial fields.
We demonstrated that it is possible to identify tolerant
and resistant varieties that could improve wheat productivity in the PNW.
We evaluated the severity of root injury, the number
of maturing females on roots, the grain yield and the
number of nematode eggs in soil after harvest. A variety
was rated resistant if there were fewer than three white
females per root system. Tolerance was measured as the
percentage increase in grain yield due to application
of nematicides, as compared to the untreated control.
Varieties were rated as very tolerant (less than 5 percent
yield response), tolerant (5 to 10 percent), moderately
tolerant (10 to 15 percent), moderately intolerant (15 to 30
percent), intolerant (30 to 50 percent) or very intolerant
(greater than 50 percent).
FINDINGS
Nematicide treatment often improved seedling growth
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Figure 1. Growth of Louise when treated with nematicide (right) or what the farmer would experience (left) in a field infested with cereal cyst
nematode at Steptoe, Wash. (2011).
64 Figure 2. Yield increase from nematicides in
CCN-infested fields during 2012.
very
tolerant
UI Stone
Buck Pronto
WB-Rockland
Louise
Babe
Jefferson
Glee
Jedd
Kelse
JD
Cabernet
UI Pettit
Ouyen
WB 1035C1+
Alturas
Westbred 936
Otis
Klasic
Bullseye
Alpowa
0
tolerant
moderately moderately
tolerant intolerant
5
10
15
20
% yield increase from nematicide applications
(Figure 1) and yield, but this varied from year to year and site to
site. When averaged across varieties, the average yield increase in
response to nematicides during 2011 was 47 percent at Cove (16
bu/a), 93 percent at Steptoe (27 bu/a) and 25 percent at St. Anthony
(10 bu/a). During 2012, the average increase was 9 percent at St.
Anthony (2 bu/a) and 10 percent at Cashup (7 bu/a). Nematicides
increased the yield by less than 5 percent for Buck Pronto, UI Stone
(ID0599) and WB-Rockland, indicating tolerance to CCN (Figure
2), and by more than 15 percent for Alpowa, Bullseye, Klasic and
Otis, indicating intolerance. This provides important guidance for
varietal selection. For instance, the average increase in yield was
9.1 and 1.8 bu/a for Alpowa and UI Stone, respectively. At a wheat
price of $8.70 per bushel, the nematode injury averaged across two
fields during 2012 created a $63 per acre difference in profitability, depending on whether one had planted UI Stone or Alpowa.
This demonstrated that commercial spring wheat varieties differ
in tolerance and profitability on soil infested by CCN. Ouyen was
resistant, but was also intolerant. We also demonstrated that tolerance is not necessarily related to absolute yield potential. Highest
yielding varieties in the control drill strips during 2012 included
Alturas, Babe, Otis, UI Pettit and UI Stone, a group that spanned
the range from tolerant to intolerant.
Nearly all plants of all varieties in the control drill strips exhibit-
WGC REPORTS
ed moderately severe root injury. The nematicide slightly reduced the
amount of injury and improved yield. This demonstrated that even
resistant varieties are injured by this nematode. Invasive CCN juveniles penetrate cells behind the root cap and move toward the growth
zone. This occurs equally well in resistant and susceptible varieties.
The females then reprogram root cells to induce the formation of
specialized feeding cells. These cells develop initially but then quickly
deteriorate in resistant varieties, reducing or stopping reproduction
of the female. Resistance is therefore unrelated to the ability of the
nematode to cause initial injury to the root, which typically reduces
grain yield. Resistant varieties in our tests reduced the number of
CCN in soil but didn’t assure productivity of that crop.
Each year, the number of egg-bearing females was about 20-times
greater in the control than in the nematicide-treated plots. Ouyen
and WB-Rockland reduced the number of nematode eggs following
harvest (Figure 4) to a level that was comparable to that which was
Figure 4.
Number of CCN eggs in soil following harvests of untreated
checks in three states (2011) or two states (2012).
8,000
2011
CCN/lb of soil
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Alpowa
Louise
Ouyen
8,000
2012
CCN/lb of soil
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Alpowa
Louise
Ouyen
UI Stone
Figure 3.
Number of egg-bearing CCN
females on roots of untreated checks during 2012.
WB-Rockland
Ouyen
Klasic
JD
Cabernet
Alturas
Louise
Bullseye
Jedd
UI Pettit
Alpowa
Buck Pronto
Otis
WB 1035C1+
Westbred 936
Kelse
Babe
Glee
UI Stone
Jefferson
0
R=resistant (<3 females)
S=susceptible (>3 females)
5 10 15 20 25
White females/root system
30
achieved with application of nematicides.
The resistant varieties and the nematicides
each prevented multiplication, resulting in
a reduced number of nematodes remaining
from cysts produced by previous crops. CCN
juveniles emerge from cysts over a period
of two or more years. About 40 to 90 percent
of the eggs hatch during a single season. A
single cyst can initially contain as many as
600 eggs. Hatching from individual cysts is
therefore spread over many years. Multiple
years of planting a resistant variety or a nonhost (broadleaf) crop or of fallowing the field
are required to reduce the CCN number to a
nondamaging level.
Alpowa, Louise and many other varieties allowed the nematode
to multiply very effectively. WB-Rockland was the only commercial
variety that was resistant (Figure 3). This is the first report of a commercial spring wheat known to be resistant to CCN in North America.
Ouyen was also resistant, which was the first field research that
demonstrated the value of Cre1 resistance in naturally-infested fields
in the PNW. These results were confirmed by additional research in
Washington, where resistance in four advanced breeding lines was
also identified.
WL
In conclusion, sources of CCN tolerance
and resistance were identified under field
conditions. These traits could be combined
to develop more profitable varieties for use
on infested soils. For example, a resistant
plus tolerant soft white spring wheat should
be possible by crossing Ouyen with either
Louise or UI Stone. Likewise, a resistant plus
tolerant hard red spring wheat should be
possible by crossing varieties such as Buck
Pronto and WB-Rockland.
WB-Rockland
WL
WGC REPORTS
Crunching the figures
Why bioinformatics is important to wheat growers
By Dorrie Main
Associate Professor of Bioinformatics
A relatively new science, bioinformatics blends computation, statistics and biology with the goal of helping
scientists address key life sciences questions.
Although the term was initially coined in the 1970s
as a subdiscipline of computational biology, it really got
traction as part of the Human Genome Project of the
1990s. That’s when progress in DNA technology went
hand in hand with major advances in software and hardware development, enabling scientists to identify the 3.2
billion letters of DNA that comprise the human genome.
Identifying the key features that make us human and
explain diversity and predilection for diseases such as
cancer, is now a multibillion dollar industry that relies
heavily on bioinformatics to “mine” the relevant information from trillions of data points.
In terms of complexity, however, the human genome
doesn’t compare to the mighty wheat genome. Human
beings may want to think we are nature’s most complicated construction, but the wheat genome is more than
five times more complicated in terms of size, not to mention its very repetitive DNA sequences and six copies of
each chromosome.
It was, therefore, a terrific accomplishment in 2012
when an international consortium of wheat researchers published the bread wheat genome. They identified
between 94,000 to 96,000 genes and other useful DNArelated information which has subsequently been made
freely available to the scientific community for use in
their research.
Bioinformatics can specifically help us answer important questions related to wheat breeding at WSU. A good
example might be, “What genes are associated with resistance to stripe rust, and how can we use that knowledge
to produce stripe rust resistant cultivars?” Bioinformatics
can help us answer this question by comparing cultivars
that have resistance with those that don’t and by quantifying the expression of genes and identifying genes with
significant differences in expression.
Once we know which genes are involved in a particular trait, we can computationally identify DNA tags or
markers which will uniquely identify that gene whenever we test for it in potential parents or offspring. This
“marker-assisted breeding” approach allows us to be
much more efficient in breeding by using only those
parents that we know—at the DNA level—have the traits
we want. By retaining only those seedlings for further
evaluation, we can definitively say they have inherited
the traits in the combinations we want.
WGC REPORTS
WL
grated with DNA information (“genotype” data) as well
as other publicly available information on traits.
Dorrie Main, associate professor of Bioinformatics
Thanks to funding from the Washington Grain
Commission, WSU has hired bioinformatics researcher
Dr. Ping Zheng who has worked in my lab for six years.
She will provide the same support for wheat research
and breeding as we have been able to put in place for
tree fruit. Dr. Zheng will dedicate her time to analysis
of wheat data and development of databases and other
online tools as needed by wheat researchers at WSU and
associated USDA-ARS scientists.
A website, cereals.bioinfo.wsu.edu/, has already
been developed for the wheat group which contains
useful tools. Gene/trait identification is ongoing, and
breeding database construction is under discussion. To
further enhance our capabilities, WSU recently initiated
the process of hiring an assistant or associate professor in Quantitative Genetics who will be based in the
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences.
Bioinformatics Researcher Dr. Ping Zheng
While much more work is needed to fully identify the
genes that control all the important agricultural traits in
wheat, the markers we have for a few traits already result
in much more cost efficient breeding. The laboratories
of Washington State University (WSU) Vogel Chair Dr.
Kulvinder Gill and USDA-ARS Scientist Dr. Deven See
are generating gene expression and marker data on a
large scale. Dedicated access to bioinformatics support
will help both of them mine and analyze this data more
efficiently.
Bioinformatics can play a further role in enhancing
breeding efficiency through the development of databases that store and integrate all the data of use to breeding
programs. This includes all the evaluation data breeders
collect on their selections (called “phenotype” data) inte-
This faculty member will develop a program at WSU
with a focus on novel approaches to trait improvement
and plant breeding, with applications to improving biotic and abiotic (plant and environmental) stress tolerance,
enhanced nutrient use efficiencies, nutrition and endproduct quality. The position will facilitate integration
of statistical genetics and bioinformatics with rapidly
improving genotyping and phenotyping technologies to
improve crop and farm profitability.
By providing WSU/USDA-ARS scientists Mike
Pumphrey, Arron Carter, Camille Steber and Kim
Campbell with web interfaces that allow them to easily query data to identify their most promising crosses,
means parent and seedling selections are only a click
away. This concept is already being proven at WSU
through the Washington apple and cherry breeding programs. Through my program, Mainlab Bioinformatics,
we have been able to leverage $186,000 worth of funding
from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission
over four years, into $3 million from the U.S. Department
of Agriculture to support tree fruit bioinformatics.
With access to impressive high performance computing facilities through mine and Dr. See’s laboratories,
WSU and ARS wheat researchers are well equipped
with the high-end computational and database servers
needed to meet wheat bioinformatics needs. The ability
to crunch literally trillions of data points makes bioinformatics an invaluable tool that will help wheat breeders
and other WSU scientists to advance their contributions
significantly to the next generation of Washington wheat
varieties.
WHEAT WATCH
World watches U.S. weather
By Mike Krueger
The combination of the “fiscal cliff”
in December and the possibility that
“sequestration” might happen in
March caused a major flight of speculative capital from the commodities
markets in general and pushed prices
back to their lowest levels in many months.
Volatility has continued to be extremely high. The soy
complex has attracted most of the market’s attention because of ongoing, very strong demand for soybeans and
soybean products from China. In addition, weather in
Argentina has been somewhat uncooperative with very
dry conditions cutting into the forecast for record crops.
The February U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
report reduced U.S. wheat-ending supplies because of an
increase in the fed consumption category. Crop conditions across the U.S. hard red winter wheat region have
continued to deteriorate as there has been no relief to
the severe drought across the southern plains. A major
winter storm in the forecast for the end of February
promised to be the best chance for beneficial moisture in
the last six months.
The wheat market is convinced that late winter and
spring precipitation can still result in a normal hard red
winter wheat yield. That is where the argument lies.
Agronomists say the crop has already been irreparably
damaged and that moisture will, at best, stabilize an
already poor yield potential.
With that in mind, Table 1 is a very preliminary look at
how the U.S. wheat situation might appear in the 2013/14
marketing year.
The problem lies completely on the production side
and specifically with hard red winter wheat (HRW).
Last year’s U.S. HRW crop was slightly above one billion
bushels. Our estimate of the 2013 HRW crop today is
about 750 million bushels. This is significantly below other estimates we’ve seen. Our total production estimate
is based on an overall yield reduction of about 8 percent
from last year. These are some of the issues facing the
wheat crop:
•S
maller planted hard red winter wheat acres than
the trade expected;
• Poor weekly crop condition ratings (worst ever);
• The lack of rainfall throughout this winter;
Table 1. Potential 2013/14 U.S. Wheat Outlook
2010/11 2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
USDAUSDAUSDA
Harvested Acres
47.6
45.7
49
47.4
Yield
46.3 43.746.3
42.5
Production
2.207 1.9992.269
2.124
Imports
97 112130
110
Carry In 976
862
743
716
Supply
3.2792.9743.142
2.950
Total Use
2.417
2.231
2.425
2.300
Carry Out
862
743
716
650
Six Year Average Wheat Yields 44.3 bushels per acre
Record Wheat Yield 46.3 in 2010 and 2012
WHEAT WATCH
• The crop has already broken
dormancy from southern
Kansas south;
•W
e believe northern plains durum acres will be down at least
20 percent from 2012 because
of the steep price discount to
spring wheat;
•S
oft red winter wheat production should increase with more
acres and generally good crop
conditions; and
•W
hite wheat acres were
slightly below expectations, but
crop conditions in the Pacific
Northwest are generally good
today.
Old crop wheat basis for all
classes has been strengthening.
Export demand has improved, but
not as quickly as we had expected.
The EU continues to be an aggressive seller even as their stocks
decline to levels not seen in more
than 50 years. Their continued sales
activity has been a bearish surprise.
India has also been talking about
exporting up to 200 million bushels
of wheat. Much of this would be
poor quality, but wheat is wheat, at
least in some markets.
The world’s 2013 wheat crop
should rebound significantly from
last year’s significant production
problems in Russia, Argentina, the
EU and Australia. In fact, the U.S.
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12
Crop Year Beginning
Most Recent: 96.25 as of 02/08/13
The Hightower Report
is the only country today where the possibility exists for a major reduction.
There are still some potential problems around the world, but it is too early
to slash production in these areas. The Volga region in Russia remains very
dry. The Ukraine has seen very cold temperatures with little snow cover. It
is impossible to know the extent of crop damage until these regions break
dormancy. Much of Australia is also very dry, and it has been very hot as well,
but their wheat isn’t even planted until the May/June time period and conditions can certainly improve by then.
Market prices heading into the next marketing year have already started
to reflect expectations for very good U.S. and world crop yields. The USDA
is expected to use very high corn, soybean and wheat yield estimates at their
annual Outlook Conference in late February. Remember, they did the same
thing a year ago and actually increased the corn and soybean yield estimates
in May. The U.S. drought monitor maps have shown only slight improvements
in the last 30 days.
•W
e believe hard red spring
wheat acres will be smaller
than in 2012 because northern
plains farmers will plant more
corn and soybeans;
World wheat - days of supply
Days
• Actual crop observations from
crop scouts we trust indicate
widespread poor emergence
or no emergence and sharply
reduced yield potential regardless of how the spring season
unfolds;
WL
It will again be all about weather heading into the 2013 Northern
Hemisphere growing season. The world will end this marketing year with the
smallest supplies of corn and feed grains ever. A return to a trend line, or even
more normal corn yield, will quadruple U.S. corn-ending supplies in the next
year. Another production shortfall will push corn prices to new highs. World
wheat ending supplies, in my opinion, will be stable or slightly smaller even
with a potential rebound in world production. It will be another very volatile
six months in the markets.
Mike Krueger is president and founder of The Money Farm, a grain advisory service
located in Fargo, N.D. A licensed commodity broker, Krueger is a past director of
the Minneapolis Grain Exchange and a senior analyst for World Perspectives, a
Washington, D.C., agricultural consulting group.
WL
FEATURE
Photo courtesy of
the Washington Trust for Historic Preservation
The Smith Hollow School in Dayton. The Blue
Mountain Heritage Society received a small
grant to assist with window rehab.
A foundation to build on
From barns to bridges to courthouses,
Washington Trust for Historic Preservation
is dedicated to saving Washington’s old places
By Trista Crossley
Chris Moore, field director for the Washington Trust
for Historic Preservation, says saving old buildings and
preserving historic resources is more than just having a
touchstone to history. It is also about the stories that those
places can convey.
“It is another form of storytelling,” Moore explained.
“We work statewide to help save and preserve historic resources. Everything from barns to courthouses to historic
schools to bridges. We also work on structures that aren’t
necessarily buildings. Anything of historic value.”
The Washington Trust was established in 1976 and
is a member-supported, private nonprofit organization
dedicated to helping communities preserve their historic
places through support, advocacy and education. Moore
said the organization spends a lot of time working with
people to identify historic resources and educating them
on the different programs and incentives available that
can help with rehabilitation costs.
“Sometime’s we’ll provide support, if there’s people
who want to see a specific building put on a local register
of historic places,” he said. “We’ll do letter-writing campaigns to support designation of historic places.”
The Washington Trust also has a small grant program.
Moore said they give away about $10,000 annually, typically to local historical groups or nonprofits that operate out
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WL
FEATURE
publishes a “most
endangered list” that
highlights some of
the historic properties
in the state that are
most threatened. The
nominations for the list
can come from anybody, and Moore said
the intent of the list is
to highlight and raise
attention to challenges
that a historic building
might face.
of a historic building.
That money is generally used for small
repair projects, such as
having work done on
ornamental trim or to
help with stabilizing a
foundation.
“Even though it is
a modest amount, we
are quite proud of the
fact that we can give
money to local organizations that are trying
to do the right thing
with their building,”
he said.
“At times, there are
certainly those that
don’t love it when
we come to town.
The organization
Photo courtesy of the Washington Trust for Historic Preservation
Sometimes it will be an
The Walla Walla County Courthouse. The county received a $220,000 grant to assist with
has a presence on
window
rehabilitation.
owner whose building
the policy side of the
was nominated to the
matter as well. Moore said that when
list
because
they
aren’t taking care of
the legislature is in session, they go to
it.
But
we
always
try to remain positive
Olympia weekly to advocate for funds
when
we
approach
someone. We want
for historic preservation projects and
to engage them.” Moore explained
programs, several of which are housed
that they’ll discuss alternative actions
in the Department of Archeology and
From the Washington Trust for
to demolition and try to find other
Historic Preservation (DAHP), the state
Historic Preservation:
avenues or resources to save the buildagency that handles regulatory and
ing. “In some cases, owners appreciate
• Bureau of Reclamation
preservation issues for Washington for
that. In other cases, I get people who
Headquarters
both state and federal law.
scream at me and hang up. I think it is
Sunnyside, Yakima County
In the current state budget environimportant for us to stay positive in how
• BNSF Depot
ment, Moore said funding for certain
we approach things. We aren’t here to
Blaine, Whatcom County
statewide preservation programs is
point the finger and lay blame. There
threatened, and his organization is
• First Hill Apartments
are hundreds of reasons why a buildworking to make sure those funds are
Seattle, King County
ing may be in danger.”
kept safe.
• Morgan Middle School
Most Eastern Washington residents
“In supporting the Washington
Ellensburg, Kittitas County
have probably seen the results of the
Trust,” he said, “You are supporting
• Post Hospital
Washington Trust’s work sitting by the
pro-preservation policy in Olympia.”
Fort Vancouver National Historic
side of the road. One of the most sucWhile the Washington Trust is based
Reserve, Vancouver, Clark County
cessful preservation programs in the
in Seattle, Moore said it is the people
state is the Heritage Barn Preservation
• Harborview Hall
in the community who usually drive
Initiative. Housed within DAHP, the
Seattle, King County
preservation activity.
program acknowledges historic barns
• Jensen-Byrd Building
and provides matching grants for
“We don’t want the impression to be
Spokane, Spokane County
stabilization and rehabilitation. The
that our organization comes marching
• Historic Buildings within
Washington Trust assists DAHP in
into town telling folks what is imporWashington’s
State
Parks
administering the grant portion of the
tant and what is not. We want locals to
statewide
program.
be the ones acting as lead advocates,
The 2013 list will be announced in
and that’s what happens.”
Moore said that there are 497 desigMay.
nated heritage barns across the state,
Every year, the Washington Trust
2012 Most
Endangered
Buildings list
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WL
FEATURE
with every county having at least
one designated barn in it. Since the
program started in 2007, there have
been 46 grants made, totaling almost
$1 million in matching dollars.
“Barns are not used the way they
used to be. Unless farm owners can
keep them in use, there isn’t enough
to keep the barn standing. The grant
money is meant to do repairs and to
keep the barn standing and make it
useful.” Moore said that the barns
remaining in agricultural use get
priority for the grants.
Another successful DAHP
program administered by the
Washington Trust is the Historic
County Courthouse Rehabilitation
Program, which like the heritage
barn program, makes matching
grants for the rehabilitation of courthouses around the state. To date,
DAHP has awarded almost $13 million to projects such as the Franklin
County courthouse in Pasco and
the Garfield County courthouse in
Pomeroy. Overall, 41 grants have
been awarded statewide for the purpose of courthouse rehabilitation.
Looking ahead, Moore said the
organization wants to continue
growing the education programming that they do, including doing
more outreach with school-aged
kids. “We want to continue to foster
in younger folks an appreciation of
history,” he said. “We just started
an educational program where we
bring 35 to 40 high school students
to a historic place or area and teach
them about cultural resources. We
try to engage them as consultants by
giving them an issue to grapple with
that we deal with on a regular basis
in the work we do.”
Moore said the Washington Trust
also wants to continue building on
the idea that rehabilitating an old
building is one of the most sustainable projects out there. “When you
are talking about reducing our foot74 WHEAT LIFE MARCH 2013
Photo courtesy of the Washington Trust for Historic Preservation
(Above) The Krause Barn, owned by Charles Krause, before any work was done on it. (Below) Located
just out side of Ritzville, the barn was rehabilitated with help from a matching grant from the Heritage
Barn Preservation Initiative.
print on the planet, what better way than to use the structures that already exist,
instead of knocking them down and rebuilding?”
For more information and to become a member of Washington Trust, visit
their website at preservewa.org.
For more information on the Heritage Barn Preservation Initiative, visit
DAHP’s website at dahp.wa.gov/heritage-barn-register.
For more information on the Historic County Courthouse Rehabilitation
Program, visit dahp.wa.gov/courthouse-preservation.
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888-545-8126
Brian E. Bailey AAMS®
Financial Advisor
303 Bridge Street Suite 3
Clarkston, WA 99403
509-758-8731
866-758-9595
to 20,000 acre
For Farmland, Pasture,–20
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and Recreational properties, 20 to 20,000 Acres!
Call Greg Schuster
Spokane WA
509-993-2545
realtordad@aol.com
Call Greg Schuster
Spokane WA
509-993-2545
realtordad@aol.com
THE
BOTTOM LINE
Technology in the banking, financial industry
By Erica Mostek
Wheatland Bank
As in every profession, today’s farmers are continuously
looking for ways to maximize efficiencies and identify
opportunities which will allow them to not only more
effectively manage their business, but also their time. The
ever-changing world of technology is playing a key role in
helping farmers to achieve those goals, including allowing
them to continue to enjoy the rural lifestyle that is important to them and their families while also maintaining a
level of connectivity that has never before been possible.
Through the use of smartphone, tablet and GPS technologies, today’s farmers have an unprecedented level of
information available to them at their fingertips and, most
importantly, when it’s convenient for them to use it.
While there has been a lot of talk in the news about the
management of your farming operation, little has been
said about the technology available to help you with the
financial aspects of your farm. From managing the day-today finances to paying your employees, gone are the days
when you needed to schedule time during your week to
make a trip into town to visit the bank and conduct the
transactions necessary to properly manage your business’s
finances.
and tablets are finding a home on the family farm. This
same technology can be used to monitor and manage
your business’ finances. With the introduction of online
banking in the 1990s and the expansion into mobile banking in recent years, you now have the ability to view your
account balances, monitor account activity and transfer
funds between accounts. With a smartphone or tablet, this
convenience is really an extension of your local branch in
the palm of your hand.
Another commonly used functionality of online banking is the ability to pay bills 24 hours a day, seven days a
week. With online bill pay, you will not only find yourself
saving money by not having to issue paper checks and
pay for postage, but you will also minimize check fraud
and save a considerable amount of time. Once you have
a payee set up in the system, it’s as simple as “point and
click” in order to schedule the next month’s payment or
recurring payments. Another advantage of online bill pay
is that your financial institution will guarantee on-time
delivery of payments. No more worrying about a delay
in the mail system or irritating late charges. Take things
a step further by downloading your online banking data
into QuickBooks or another accounting system and save
time and money at tax time.
Another popular way to save on clutter and prevent
Don’t get me wrong, the introduction of banking techidentity theft is by taking advantage of free E-Statements,
nology will never replace working with a trusted local
where the bank will securely store statements for you,
banker that understands and cares about your business
including check images, and give you immediate access to
and can provide counsel on how to achieve your busiyour records from anywhere.
ness goals and strategic plans. It’s just
Many banks also offer their business
that in today’s world of technology,
Sponsored by the
customers an enhanced version of onthat personal relationship can now be
line banking widely recognized in the
complimented by the flexibility and
Agricultural Marketing
industry as cash management. With
convenience of using automated bank&
Management
cash management services, you will
ing tools and services from your home
Organization.
still have access to the same account
or office, even if it is from the cab of a
data as you do with online banking
combine on a hot, dusty summer day
For more information and
and the capability of managing your
or the beaches in Hawaii while on
a schedule of classes visit
funds, but that is just the tip of the
vacation.
www.lcammo.org.
iceberg. Cash management will allow
The use of smartphone or tablet
you to perform a number of additional,
technology on the family farm has afhigh-level transactions that will save
forded today’s farmers with the ability
you time and money including: the
to stay connected even while on the
generation of outgoing wire transfers,
go. Whether it is to check crop prices
the processing of Automatic Clearing
or to stay updated on the latest farm
House (ACH) transfers and the ability
news, more and more smartphones
THE BOTTOM LINE
to perform direct deposit payroll
for your employees. As with all of
the previously mentioned functionalities, all of this is done within a
secure environment which help to
protect you and your business from
fraud.
Another product available to
business owners, at most institutions under the cash management
umbrella, is remote deposit capture.
With remote deposit capture, businesses have the ability to scan and
electronically deposit checks into
their account, eliminating the need
to complete a deposit slip or drive to
the bank in order to make their deposits. With remote deposit capture,
business owners will, in most cases,
have access to the funds deposited
on the next business day.
WL
Technology is a fast-paced industry and, as a business owner, it is often difficult to stay up to date on everything that may be available to you and how it
really can impact your bottom line or allow you to better manage your time and
resources. The next time you talk with your local agricultural banker, ask them
about the products and services that they have available to you.
By taking a little time to get the technology and automated banking services
set up, you will find yourself saving precious time and money in the long run,
freeing you to do what you enjoy most in life.
Wheatland Bank is a locally-owned, independent community bank serving the
eastern and central Washington agricultural and small business markets. Wheatland
Bank has 13 branches throughout Adams, Chelan, Grant, Kittitas, Lincoln, Spokane and
Yakima counties. In recent years, Wheatland Bank has been awarded distinct recognition with a 5-Star Superior rating by BauerFinancial and has been named one of the
strongest banks in the nation. For more information visit wheatlandbank.com.
Just as online bill payment is
replacing check transactions, credit
and debit cards are quickly replacing cash. By obtaining and carrying
business debit and credit cards for
you and your key employees, point
of sale transactions and cash withdrawals will be easy from anywhere
in the world. While you are experiencing this convenience, your
rewards points will be adding up to
towards your next trip or vacation.
J&M Fabrication
• Custom Welding • Tool Boxes
• Fuel Tanks • Equipment Repairs
• Custom-made Combine Parts
• Custom Truck Bodies & Flatbeds
• On-Site Millwright work
• All types of Custom Design Work
J&M Fabrication
Call Justin Miller Today!
509-235-5711 or 509-993-2890 (cell)
Cheney, WA
Clean Grain &
Return Elevators
12 gauge construction, 2.5
times stronger than EOM.
For newer model Case IH
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QUOTEWORTHY
“Even after two years of
sustained drought in the
plains and facing a third
year, Kansas producers
once again put seeds in
the ground. Many will
once again fire up their
tractor and planter in
another six weeks. This
is not due to some daylate or dollar-short ad hoc
disaster package, but because they managed their
risk and protected their operations from Mother
Nature’s destruction through the purchase of crop
insurance.”
—Sen. Pat Roberts (R-Kan.) at a Senate Ag Committee hearing on the
disasters facing the nation’s farmers and producers in the upcoming year,
including a continuation of last year’s drought. (www.agri-pulse.com)
“Farmers are trying to provide for their families
and others. They are passionate about what they
do, work tirelessly and carry more risk than most
business would be willing to carry. It is a great life,
but not always a great living.”
—Jerry McReynolds, wheat farmer and stockman from Kansas, on the USDA’s
attempt to define what a “farm” is. (farmpolicyfacts.org)
“The choice facing
Congress is to allow
drastically irresponsible
cuts to hit every part
of our budget and cost
750,000 jobs or to make
smart, targeted cuts.”
Senate Committee on Agriculture,
Nutrition and Forestry Chairwoman
Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.) on a
Senate Democratic proposal to avoid
sequestration. Part of the proposal
calls for eliminating direct farm
payments. (www.agri-pulse.com)
“I think the case has
enormous implications. If
Monsanto were to lose, many
companies would have a
reduced incentive for research
in an area where we really
need it right now. The world
needs more food.”
—Dermot Hayes, an Iowa State University
agribusiness and economics professor who
believes Monsanto should prevail in its
lawsuit against an Indiana soybean farmer
who is accused of infringing on Monsanto’s
patents by planting second-generation seed
that contained the Roundup Ready trait.
(Reuters)
“Through a patenting system
that favors the rights of
corporations over the rights of
farmers and citizens, our food
and farming system is being
held hostage by a handful of
companies. Nothing less than
the future of food is at stake.”
—Andrew Kimbrell, executive director of the
Center for Food Safety, one of the groups
supporting Vernon Bowman, the Indiana
farmer sued by Monsanto. (Reuters)
“This is a solid step forward for the
Yakima Valley, and I’m pleased that
we have such bipartisan agreement
on this proposal. More than 5,500
jobs are associated with Yakima’s
agricultural and food industries
and hundreds of thousands of
salmon depend on the region’s
waterways. This is a plan that’s
good for jobs and for fish.”
—Gov. Jay Inslee on legislation he requested that
spends $23.6 million to boost the water supply to the Yakima River Basin.
It’s never
too early
No matter what stage of life you’re in, it’s
never too early to start planning for
retirement. Let us help you balance your
need to protect what you have with your
desire to build for the future.
Contact your local COUNTRY
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- Since 1980 -
32 Years
Years ofof Service
30
Service
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Crop Protection
Protection
Seed
Seed &
& Feed
Feed
Fertilizer
Fertilizer Products
Products &
& Applicators
Applicators
Expanded
Expanded Parts
Parts Inventory
Inventory
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Plastic Storage
Storage Tanks
Tanks
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Meridian Bins
Bins Storage
Storage Tanks
Tanks
Pumps,
Pumps, Fittings,
Fittings, Hoses
Hoses &
& More
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locations toto better serve
22locations
serve you!
you!
James Penning, LUTCF
Yakima, Washington
Cheney,
Wilbur,
Washington
Cheney,Washington
Wash.
Wilbur,
Wash.
17005W.
W.SR
SR904
904 555 N.E.
555
N.E.
17005
Main
St.Main St.
509-235-2006
509-647-5365
509-235-2006
509-647-5365
(800) 741-6135
Laurie Mooney
Wenatchee, Washington
1-800-782-7786
www.AgEnterprise.com
(509) 663-3800
Joe Shannon
Ellensburg, Washington
(509) 933-3000
Paul Koethke, LUTCF
Moses Lake, Washington
(800) 659-9259
Wayne Larson
Walla Walla, Washington
(509) 525-9106
0311-540HO
Direct seeding Diva soft
white spring wheat south of
Colton in April 2012.
Photo by Art Schultheis
Tim Pryor of Moses Lake is just a little too big to hide in the wheat. Pryor
and friends were on a motorcycle ride on SR-21 about 10 miles south of
Odessa when they stopped to take this photo.
Photo by Ben Getz
Your wheat life...
Send us photos of your wheat life! Email pictures to
editor@wawg.org. Please include location of picture,
names of all people in the picture and ages of all children.
(Top) Cash, 7, and Caige, 4, Colbert
during harvest near Davenport.
(Middle) Have you hugged a farmer
today? Nick Colbert (left) and Mike
Kunz. (Bottom) Nick and Christine
Colbert.
Photos by Christine Colbert
Doug Grabner holds his nine-month-old grandson, Henry Grabner, while they watch the harvest happening
at Grabner Farms south of Bickleton.
Photo by Lindsey Grabner
(Above and right) Henry Grabner, nine
months, helps out at harvest on Grabner
Farms south of Bickleton.
Photo by Lindsey Grabner
Advertiser Index
Ag Enterprise Supply Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
AGPRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
AgriPro Seed-Syngenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
AgVentures NW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ATI (Formerly AG-TEQ INC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
BASF-Twinline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Barber Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Booker Auction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Byrnes Oil Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Central Life Sciences-Diacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Central Machinery Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Central Washington Grain Growers Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Class 8 Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Connell Grain Growers Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Connell Grange Supply Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Connell Oil Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Cooperative Ag Producers Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Country Financial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Custom Seed Conditioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Diesel & Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 38
Edina Realty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Edward Jones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Evergreen Implement Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Farm & Home Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Frieling’s Ag Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Helena Chemical-CoRoN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Inland Oil & Propane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
J & M Fabrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Jess Ford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Jones Truck & Implement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 71
Landmark Native Seed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Lange Supply Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Les Schwab Tire Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Limagrain Cereal Seeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
MachineryLink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
McKay Seed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Meridian Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Micro-Ag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Morrow Co Grain Growers Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
North Pine Ag Equipment Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Northwest Farm Credit Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Northwest Outdoor Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
NU-CHEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
OXARC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
PNW Farmers Cooperative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Pioneer West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Pomeroy Grain Growers Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
ProGene LLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
RH Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Rain & Hail Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Reardan Seed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Rock Steel Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Scales NW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Seedmaster Drills-Kevin Klein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Spectrum Crop Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Spray Center Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
SS Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 47
Syngenta-Axial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 11
T & S Sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 34
The Concrete Doctor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
The Whitney Land Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Tri-State Seed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Washington State Crop Improvement Association . . . . 5
Western Reclamation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
WestBred-Monsanto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Wilbur-Ellis-Micronutrients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Windermere Blue Mountain Realtors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Windermere Coeur d’Alene Realty Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Mark your calendars!
The Washington Association of Wheat Growers is
hosting in cooperation with Washington State University a
WHEAT UNIVERSITY
May 8, 2013,
from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
at the WSU Lind Dryland
Research Station in Lind, Wash.
Admission is free!
Featuring Agri-Trend, a company offering some of the
nation’s finest agronomy professionals and services,
and Washington State University, bringing world-class
research in agronomy and plant sciences to you.
Sponsored by the Washington Grain Alliance
Topics will
include:
Nutrient Management
Plant Physiology
Water Use Efficiencies
Disease/Weed Control
RSVP to the
WAWG office at
(509) 659-0610 to
reserve your space.
Lunch is included
with RSVP and will be
catered by Longhorn
Barbecue
Do not need to be
a WAWG member to attend.
Grain, seed, fertilizer, fuel - for everything you store or handle on your farm there is a Meridian
product to fit your needs. We design and build our equipment with you in mind. Protect your
investment and be field ready with products from Meridian Manufacturing. Insist on a Meridian Built
product. To learn more, visit your local Meridian Dealer or www.MeridianMFG.com.
© 2013 Meridian Manufacturing, Inc. Registered Trademarks Used Under License.
Look to the Future with Growing Confidence.
The WestBred® brand focuses on bringing
locally-adapted wheat varieties to the
marketplace with high performance potential
through the use of traditional and advanced
breeding technologies. By striving for
increased productivity and sustainability,
we help farmers conserve resources with
advancement in agronomic traits. When you
purchase and plant WestBred varieties, you
partner with a trusted industry leader and gain
access to our extensive and knowledgeable
network of seed associates and dealers.
A Trusted Leader in the SMALL GRAINS INDUSTRY
Visit WestBred.com to try our FREE Customizable
Wheat Seed Calculator. For more information,
contact your local WestBred Associate or Dealer.
WestBred.com • (800) 705-2309
Improving Nature’s Grains®, Monsanto and Vine Design®, WestBred and Design®, and WestBred® are trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ©2013 Monsanto Company.

March - Wheat Life

Transcription

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