The Modern Nordic Dairy Farm

The Modern Nordic Dairy Farm
Olav Østerås
Section manager Health and Animal Welfare
TINE Advisory Service
Manager Norwegian Cattle Health Services
olav.osteras@tine.no
Milk Producers in The Nordic Countries
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Reduction of The Number of Milk Producers
• From 1993 to 2012 – 20 years (1/2 working career)
• Denmark from 15,100 to 3,800 – 75 %
• Finland from 33,700 to 10,400 – 70 %
• Norway from 26,300 to 10,600 – 60 %
• Sweden from 18,300 to 5,200 – 72 %
• Iceland from 1,388 to 662 – 52 %
• All Nordic countries from 97,500 to 30,700 – 68 %
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The Number of Dairy Cows
Reduction of The Number of Dairy Cows
• From 1993 to 2012 – 20 years (1/2 working career)
• Denmark from 717,000 to 579,000 – 20 %
• Finland from 413,000 to 280,000 – 32 %
• Norway from 344,000 to 239,000 – 31 %
• Sweden from 490,000 to 346,000 – 30 %
• Iceland from 30,000 to 26,000 – 13 %
• All Nordic countries from 1,990,000
• to 1,470,000 – 26 %
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Herd Size in The Nordic Countries
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Increased Milk Production per Cow-Year
Increased Milk Production per Cow-Year
• From 1993 to 2012 – 20 years (1/2 working career)
• Denmark from 6,891 to 9,284 – 26 %
• Finland from 6,707 to 9,066 – 26 %
• Norway from 6,313 to 7,367 – 14 %
• Sweden from 7,740 to 9,480 – 18 %
• Iceland from 4,244 to 5,501 – 23 %
• All Nordic countries from 6,379 to 8,115 – 21 %
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Total Milk Production in The Countries
5.5 mill
9.1 mill
5.4 mill
5.0 mill
0.3 mill
The Total Milk Production in million liters
• From 1993 to 2012 – 20 years (1/2 working career)
• Denmark from 4,450 to 4,929 – +10 %
• Finland from 2,264 to 2,190 – - 3 %
• Norway from 1,780 to 1,434 – - 19 %
• Sweden from 3,287 to 2,862 – -13 %
• Iceland from 100 to 124 – + 24 %
• All Nordic countries from 11,881
• to 11,540 – - 3 %
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Proportion of Milk Producers having AMS
•
•
•
•
•
Denmark – 22 %
Sweden – 22 %
Iceland – 17 %
Norway – 12 %
Finland – 7 %
• All Nordic countries 3,800 to 4,000 out of 30,800
• 12 to 13 %
Course: Vidensenteret, Jörgen Katholm
Boxes of AMS i Nordic Countries in 2012
2.4
Number = appr. Number og boxes per AMS farm
1.4
1.0
1.3
1.8
13...|
How Much Milk in Produced via AMS?
•
Figures from Norway 2011:
•
35 % of all stalls are free-stalls (increasing due to
animal welfare regulation – new tie-stalls are forbidden
since 2004)
•
50 % of cows are in free-stalls
•
40 % of free-stalls have an AMS
•
50 % of the cows in free-stalls are milked with AMS
•
Means that 25 % (soon 33 %) of all cows are milked
with AMS
The Driving Force for This Development
•
In Norway at least:
•
•
•
•
•
Pressure on Animal Welfare (new regulations)
Example: Soft bedding mandatory from 2006
New tie-stalls forbidden from 2004
All cows in free-stalls from 2024 (eventually2034)
All cows at least 8 weeks on pasture from 2013 (moved
to 2014)
•
•
•
New building are costly
Labor is expensive
Costs are oil-driven
•
Quota for sales from 2002
BUILDING COSTS (44 barns)
Næss, 2011)
305 days accumulated milk yield
Free-stalls
Simensen et al., 2010
Tie-stalls
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Cost example
• Building cost are cheaper per barn up to 1000 m2
• 1000 m2 compares to appr. 50 dairy cows, means
cheaper stalls for barns > 50 cows
• In Norway hard to find roughage to > 100 cows
(transportation costs)
• With AMS you save 300,000 NOK in building costs
• If you save one man-power each years it means 500600,000 NOK yearly
• Cost of one AMS appr. 1,000,000 NOK
• Increased milk production by 360 kg milk. With 60
cows this means 21,600 kg at NOK 2.80 = 60,500
NOK
The Importance of The Free-Stall Construction
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The Free-Stall
• Critical meassures for cleanlyness in stalls, cows, milk
quality and cell count
AMS (3,955 lactations)
• AMS increases 305 days milk yield by 360 kg
• BUT,
• Not
• in 1st parity!!
MILKING
• Animal movements very important:
– Animals in and out
– Sorting of animals to special needs sections
– Milking stall or AMS/VMS is the wheel in the free-stall
and have to be planned and placed with care
– Must have a relation to cow movements to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Calving area
Cows having calved
Drying off and dry period
Insemination
Pregnancy testing
Treatment area (disease)
Claw trimming area
Control of Transport Mechanism for Infectious Agents
•Active
Passive
•Cows and other calves
• Personal movements
•Trading live animals
• Hygiene
•Import restrictions (The Danes!!!)
•Buying Equipements
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Production impact from Corona-virus
time
Produksjonstap pga Corona-epid.
Late impact ?
diarea
24
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The importance of diagnostics!
• Is it OK to supplement Selenium or vitamin E without
knowing the cows really need it?
• Is it OK to give vaccination without have the diagnosics in
place beforehand? (BRSV, Mastitis (coli and others),)?
• Is it OK to continue to treat cows for mastitis without
knowing that you are on to a Str.agalactiae herd, or a
Mycoplasma herd?
• Etc., etc.
Are also included???:
Paratb?
Salmonella?
Mycoplasma bovis?
Etc.
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Reykjavik 13th May 2013
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28...|
29...|
30...|
31...|
Helse i små og store fjøs (2011)
12-17 årskyr (n=2265)
Melk 6832 pr årsku
Celletall 123.000
Cell_200 20,5 %
Cell nye 55,0 %
Varighet 4,48 mnd
Mastitt alv./mod 23,3
Mild mastitt 10,3
Alle mastitter 24,5
Øre pr liter 12,8
FS-tall 58,1
Ketose 3,8
Melkefeber 4,0
Repro.sjukd 7,7
Kalvesjukd. 3,2
Klauvsjd 40 %
Sjuk tot 90,8
Dyr sjuke 63,2
NKVet Symposium,
Reykjavik 13th May 2013
> 50 årskyr (n=502)
Melk 7679 pr årsku
Celletall 156.0000
Cell_200 21,2 %
Cell nye 53,6 %
Varighet 4,76 mnd
Mastitt alv./mod 14,7
Mild mastitt 4.4
Alle mastitt 15,0
Øre pr liter 11,0
FS-tall 69,2
Ketose 0.5
Melkfeber 3,6
Repro.sjuk 6,2
Kalvesjukd 8,1
Klauvsjukd 70 %
Sjuk tot 76,8
Dyr sjuke 56,5
32
Helse i AMS og ikke > 50 årskyr (2011)
Ikke AMS (n=185)
Melk 7414 pr årsku
Levert 6761 liter pr årku
Lev % 91,2 %
Uttotalt 44,5 %
Utceller 6,2%
Spenetråkk 0,42 %
Celletall 154.000
Cell_200 21,9 %
Cell nye 53,1 %
Varighet 4,96 mnd
Mastitt alv./mod 16,6
Alle mastitter 16,9
Øre pr liter 11,7
FS-tall 67,9
Ketose 0,9
Melkefeber 7,0
Repro.sjukd 6,3
Kalvesjukd. 6,4
Sjuk tot 74,5
NKVet Symposium,
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AMS (n=319)
Melk 7851 pr årsku
Levert 7125 liter pr årsku
Lev % 90,8 %
Uttotalt 45,4 %
Utceller 5,4%
Spenetråkk 0,28 %
Celletall 157.0000
Cell_200 20,9 %
Cell nye 53,7 %
Varighet 4,66 mnd
Mastitt alv./mod 13,6
Alle mastitt 13,8
Øre pr liter 10,7
FS-tall 69,9
Ketose 0.7
Melkfeber 8,0
Repro.sjuk 6,3
Kalvesjukd 9,0
Sjuk tot 78,4
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Main principle in prevention
Secundary
Tertiary
Primary
Increased diagnostics
Treatment systems
Environmental
action
Treatment during crisis
Vaccination
Production
reduction
Hidden
signals
- Modern vet
- Large herds
- Business advice
- Production management:
Mastitis, reproduction
calves, claw, culling
Disease
Death
Catastrophs
- Traditional vet
duties
- Are called to ”save
the rests” – during crisis!
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5143
5200
5201
5207
5246
5264
5272
5278
5285
30
80
20
50
90
260
20
90
100
30
90
20
50
90
390
30
160
100
40
80
50
300
170
330
40
150
100
40
80
30
110
130
260
90
90
210
40
80
40
130
130
470
50
180
310
40
90
30
130
140
50
180
80
5290
1570
70
70
100
90
90
90
5293
5296
5298
5310
5314
5315
5319
5327
60
30
50
80
70
40
100
50
40
20
30
20
120
40
110
50
90
20
20
10
80
40
200
150
50
50
490
20
100
20
200
260
80
40
70
70
130
40
150
210
180
100
100
70
80
20
160
90
120
40
150
50
60
20
5329
210
220
490
1240
5331
50
90
5337
300
170
370
5343
260
240
190
5344
90
100
5345
130
5347
20
30
20
5375
40
110
90
5377
60
20
20
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20
30
20
Reykjavik
13th
May
2013
5409
20
20
330
2460
350
240
100
40
100
110
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190
810
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3035
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430
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750
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830
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720
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800
400
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320
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60
90
150
90
40
60
40
90
210
70
60
210
30
50
30
70
40
110
20
50
30
Mastitis dynamics (example)
18 %=
28 %=
49 %=
47 %
64 %
110 %
*
*
*
5,0 months
5,7 months
3,0 months
Inflammation level = New inflamm.* Duration
Environment
Treatment or culling
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Inflammation level according to loss
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
50
100
150
200 Symposium,
250
300
350
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Reykjavik
400
450
500
180
New inflammation incidence according to
loss
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
38
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350
400
450
500
10
Duration sorted according to loss
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
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400
450
500
CMSCC > 200,000 equal 21-26 % (med low 50-75 %)
Strategic solution: correct environment
Strategic solution: Treat/cull
40
Development mastitis loss
BuskapsmiddelØrePrLiter
Grense
35,00
30,00
25,00
20,00
15,00
10,00
5,00
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201110
201107
201105
201103
201101
201011
201009
201007
201005
201003
201001
0,00
Example from a AMS herd (new inflammation)
NyinfeksjonsnivåJur
Grense
120,00
100,00
80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
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201109
201107
201105
201103
201101
201011
201009
201007
201005
0,00
Utvelgelse av kyr til selektiv sinbehandling
<100.000
OK, ingen behandling
Geometrisk middel
siste tre kucelletall,
>100.000
klinisk mastitt i laktasjonen
Bakt. prøve 1 måned før avsining
Negativ
OK, ingen
behandling
KNS, St.uberis
OK,
oppfølging?
Ny sjanse
Staph.aureus/Str.dysgalactiae
Kucelletall
<400.000700.000
Kucelletall > 400.000700.000
Sintidsterapi, kode 310
Utrangering
på helsekortet!
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Clinical mastitis in the Nordic countries
What is true mastitis incidence in 2008 ???
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Dry cow therapy - very different
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BMSCC in Nordic countries
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Str.agalactiae from subclinical mastitis
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NOR 17 %
Bakterilogy from clinical cases
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AMS vs. Convent. and bacteriology mastitis
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Subc. S.agalactiae increased OR =3.87 (2.85-5.34)
Subc. S.dysgalactiae increased OR = 1.23 (1.11-1.35)
Subc. S.uberis decreased OR = 0.47 (0.41 – 0.54)
Subc. S.aureus decreased OR = 0.66 (0.61 – 0.71)
Subc. CNS decreased OR = 0.93 (0.87 – 0.99)
Subc. Cor.bovis OR = 0.95 (0.83 – 1.09)
Subc. Cor spp. OR = 0.77 (0.68 – 0.88)
• This is reflected in the population as such
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Management key points?
3. laktasjon
40
Slaughter when?
35
Kg mjølk
30
Feeding
separation
25
20
15
10
T ie - s t a ll 2 0 c o ws
F re e - s t a ll 2 0 c o ws
T ie - s t a ll 5 0 c o ws
5
Feeding
Separate pen
F re e - s t a ll 5 0 c o ws
0
5
18
31
44
57
70
83
96
10 9 12 2
13 5 14 8
16 1 17 4
18 7 2 0 0 2 13 2 2 6 2 3 9 2 5 2 2 6 5 2 7 8 2 9 1 3 0 4
Dager i laktasjon)
Feeding
Insemination
Maternity pen
Increased feeding
Bact sample Event. DCT
Eventualy control sample
Period for sexual health control
Periode for pregnasy54
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inp
Fôr ut
Opptak
- grovf.
- kraftf
Analyser
o
u
t
p
u
t
Tekniske obs
Daglige målinger
Tekniske feil
Observasjoner
Mjølk kg og tid
Kukontrollen
Service
Hold
In-line målinger
Vann, energi individ-numre
Sjukdom
Misslykkede mj.
Reingjøring Ytelseskontroll
Brunst
Aktivitet
- celletal
Kjøling
Drektighet
Vekt
- fett, protein
Atferd
Reproduksjon
Sjukdom
Avl/ genetikk
Production managment
Alarmliste
Akutt sjukdom
Teknikk
Velferd
Rapport
Styringslister
Obs!
Lakt. kurver
Mj. interval
- jurinf.
Foroptag
- ketose
Brunst
- klauver/ bein
Sjukdomsobs. - annet
Mjølkekvalitet
Celler
Sporer
Energi
Vann
Miljø
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Økonomi
Fôr
Fôreffektivitet
Utrangering
Innkjøp
Friskhet
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Conclusion
•
The modern Nordic Dairy farm
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Free-stall with AMS or larger free-stall (DK and SE)
Animal welfare is important
High production with good quality milk
High degree of recording system (all included)
Breeding for health treats.
Restricted use of antimicrobials
High degree of disease prevention (Salmonella, paratb,
BVDV, Mycoplasma bovis, etc.)
Free of several serious diseases (Tb, IBR/IPV, BLV,
BVDV)
Next to be attacked? (Corona, BRSV, Neospora etc.)
Integrated highly sophisticated management systems
including animal recording systems
•
•
•
In larger herds you have to:
Know where you are (survey, diagnostics)
Know the landscape and the connections (epidemiology)
Know how to go through (tools, web-based information)
Gather knowledge and necessary resources (humans)
Set goals and train = and you will succeed
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