ingilizce 8 - Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Genel Müdürlüğü

Transcription

T.C.
MİLLÎ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI
AÇIK ÖĞRETİM OKULLARI
AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ – MESLEKİ AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ
İNGİLİZCE
8
DERS NOTU
YAZARLAR
İrfan BAYGÜL
Gürsel YEŞİLOĞLU
ANKARA 2013
MEB HAYAT BOYU ÖĞRENME GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ YAYINLARI
AÇIK ÖĞRETİM OKULLARI DERS NOTLARI DİZİSİ
Copyright © MEB
Her hakkı saklıdır ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına aittir. Tümü ya da bölümleri izin
alınmadan hiçbir şekilde çoğaltılamaz, basılamaz ve dağıtılamaz.
Yazar
: İrfan BAYGÜL / Gürsel YEŞİLOĞLU
Grafik
: Hatice DEMİRER
Resimleme: Sevgi MERT
Kapak
: Güler ALTUNÖZ
ATATÜRK'ÜN
GENÇL‹⁄E H‹TABES‹
Ey Türk gençli¤i! Birinci vazifen, Türk istiklâlini, Türk
cumhuriyetini, ilelebet, muhafaza ve müdafaa etmektir.
Mevcudiyetinin ve istikbalinin yegâne temeli budur. Bu
temel, senin, en k›ymetli hazinendir. ‹stikbalde dahi, seni, bu
hazineden, mahrum etmek isteyecek, dahilî ve haricî,
bedhahlar›n olacakt›r. Bir gün, istiklâl ve cumhuriyeti müdafaa
mecburiyetine düflersen, vazifeye at›lmak için, içinde
bulunaca¤›n vaziyetin imkân ve fleraitini düflünmeyeceksin!
Bu imkân ve flerait, çok nâmüsait bir mahiyette tezahür
edebilir. ‹stiklâl ve cumhuriyetine kastedecek düflmanlar,
bütün dünyada emsali görülmemifl bir galibiyetin mümessili
olabilirler. Cebren ve hile ile aziz vatan›n, bütün kaleleri zapt
edilmifl, bütün tersanelerine girilmifl, bütün ordular› da¤›t›lm›fl
ve memleketin her köflesi bilfiil iflgal edilmifl olabilir. Bütün bu
fleraitten daha elîm ve daha vahim olmak üzere, memleketin
dahilinde, iktidara sahip olanlar gaflet ve dalâlet ve hattâ
h›yanet içinde bulunabilirler. Hattâ bu iktidar sahipleri flahsî
menfaatlerini, müstevlilerin siyasî emelleriyle tevhit edebilirler.
Millet, fakr u zaruret içinde harap ve bîtap düflmüfl olabilir.
Ey Türk istikbalinin evlâd›! ‹flte, bu ahval ve flerait içinde
dahi, vazifen; Türk istiklâl ve cumhuriyetini kurtarmakt›r! Muhtaç
oldu¤un kudret, damarlar›ndaki asîl kanda, mevcuttur!
..
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK
İÇİNDEKİLER
1. ÜNİTE
EMOTIONS
Phobias (Fobiler) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11
Future Continuoust Tense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15
Future Perfect Tense_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18
Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22
2. ÜNİTE
HABBITS
Nap _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29
Conditional Sentences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33
Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42
3. ÜNİTE
SECURITY
Credit Cards (Kredi Kartları) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49
Adverbial Clauses (Zarf Cümlecikleri) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52
Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59
4. ÜNİTE
SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY
Computer and Internet (Bilgisayar ve İnternet) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67
Passive Voice (Edilgen Çatı)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71
Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78
UNIT ONE
EMOTIONS
(DUYGULAR)
ENGLISH EIGHT (İNGİLİZCE 8)
NELER ÖĞRENECEĞİZ?
Bu ünitenin sonunda;
1. Fabiler ile ilgili bir okuma parçasını okuyup anlayabilecek, konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek,
2. Gelecekte belli bir süre devam edecek olan eylemleri anlatabilecek,
3. Gelecekte belli bir zamanda yapmış olacağımız eylemleri anlatabileceksiniz.
NASIL ÇALIŞMALIYIZ
ūū Konuyu dikkatlice okuyunuz.
ūū Konuda yeni geçen kelimeleri öğreniniz.
ūū Alıştırmaları yapmadan önce örnekleri dikkatle inceleyiniz.
ūū Alıştırmaları ve testleri çözdükten sonra kontrol edip yanlış yaptığınız alıştırmaların ve testlerin konularını tekrar çalışınız.
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PART ONE
Phobias (Fobiler)
According to the psychiatrists,
a phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation.
In most cases, the phobia involves
a sense of endangerment or a fear
of harm. Phobic symptoms can occur through exposure to the fear
object or situation, or sometimes
simply thinking about the feared
object. Common symptoms associated with phobias include dizziness,
breathlessness, and nausea, a sense
of unreality and fear of dying.
There are many types of phobias. We are going to mention only some of them
which are very common. The first one is social phobias which is the fear of social
situations. The second one is agoraphobia which is the fear of being trapped in an
inescapable place or situation. The third type of phobia is a specific phobia which
comes from the fear of a specific object such as snakes, or spiders. Some people also
fears from natural environment like lightning and storm. A great deal of people fear
of blood, injections, doctor, etc. This kind of phobia is named medical phobia.
Phobias are actually quite common, affecting more than 10% of the adults.
Phobias are the most common mental disorder for human, but far more women
than men are affected by phobias. In many cases, people are able to recognize that
their fear is irrational and therefore take steps to overcome their phobia. According
to the researches only about 10 percent of reported cases become life-long phobias.
Psychiatrists are uncertain exactly what causes phobias. But certain factors
increase the phobia. These factors include genetics. For example, twins who are
raised separately, in different places, may have the same phobia.
Culture is also an important factor. Some phobias occur only in certain cultural groups. An example is taijin kyofusho, a social phobia that we can see only in
Japan. This is a fear of offending or harming others in social situations. Culture also
plays some role in phobia development.
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Many phobias are based in real-life events that may or may not be consciously
remembered. A phobia of dogs may come from being attacked as a small child. A
social phobia may develop from teenage awkwardness or childhood bullying.
It is likely that a combination of these factors must be in place for a phobia to
develop. However, more research is necessary before a definitive conclusion can be
reached.
Unknown words: (Bilinmeyen kelimeler)
psychiatrist
:psikiyatrist
phobia
:korku
irrational
:mantıksız
excessive
:aşırı
recognize
:tanımak
case
:durum
involve
:içermek
sense
:duyu
endangerment:tehlike
fear
:korku
harm
:zarar
symptom
:belirti
exposure
: maruz kalma
dizziness
: baş dönmesi
breathlessness : nefes darlığı
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nausea
:bulantı
trapped
: tuzağa düşmüş
inescapable
:kaçınılamaz
lighting
:yıldırım
affecting
:etkileme
disorder
:düzensizlik
research
:araştırma
life-long
: hayat boyu
twin
:ikiz
raise
: artmak, yükselmek
separately
: ayrı ayrı
offending
:incitici
consciously : bilinçli olarak
awkwardness :beceriksizlik
bullying
:zorbalık
1. Parçaya göre doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz.
1. According to the psychiatrists, a phobia is a rational / an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation.
2. Phobic symptoms can occur / disappear through exposure to the fear object or situation
3. The fear of spiders / blood is defined as medical phobia.
4. Researchers are certain / uncertain exactly what causes phobias.
5. Research has / hasn’t shown that certain phobias may run in families.
2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun kelimelerle doldurunuz.
1. Social phobias is the fear of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . is the fear of being trapped in an inescapable place or situation.
3. It is commonly believed that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . may
increase the likelihood that a phobia will develop.
4. Many phobias are based in .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . events.
5. It is ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . that culture plays role in phobia
development.
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3. Metni okuyunuz ve soruları cevaplandırınız.
1.
What is a phobia?
2. When can phobic symptoms occur?
3. Are there many types of phobias?
4. Are phobias quite common?
5. Is culture an important factor for phobias?
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PART TWO
Future Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense, gelecekte belli bir zamanda bir işin yapılıyor olacağını ifade etmek için kullanılır.
Olumlu
I / You / We / They
He / She / It
will be
verb-ing
I will be studying lesson.
(Ders çalışıyor olacağım.)
won’t be
verb-ing
I won’t be studying lesson.
(Ders çalışmıyor olacağım.)
I / you / we / they
he / she / it
verb-ing
Will you be studying lesson?
(Ders çalışıyor olacak mısın?)
Olumsuz
I / You / We / They
He / She / It
Soru
Will
–I will be waiting for you at the airport.
(Seni havaalanında bekliyor olacağım.)
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–We will still be driving at midnight.
(Gece yarısı hâlâ araba kullanıyor olacağız.)
–I won’t be sleeping at that time, you can call me.
(O saatte uyumuyor olacağım, beni arayabilirsin.)
–We won’t be speaking during the presentation.
(Sunum esnasında konuşmuyor olacağız.)
–What will you be doing when you finish your homework?
(Ödevini bitirdiğinde ne yapıyor olacaksın?)
–I will be watching a documentary on televisin.
(Televizyonda belgesel seyrediyor olacağım.)
–Will he still be sleeping in the afternoon?
(Öğleden sonra hâlâ uyuyor olacak mı?)
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Future Continuous Tense’te kullanılan zaman zarfları aşağıdaki verilmiştir:
–This time next year/month/tomorrow.
(Gelecek yıl/ay/yarın bu sıralar.)
–In a few minutes.
(Birkaç dakika içinde.)
–Soon.
(Yakında.)
4. Doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz.
1. The children .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (watch) TV when we
arrive home tonight.
2. He won’t go to the theatre because he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(study) for his exam.
3.I ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (work) tomorrow because it is
Sunday.
4.I . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do) my homework while you are
playing football.
5.Where ...................... you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (spend)
your next summer holiday?
6.When ...................... you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (mend)
the roof homework?
7.Where ...................... you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (stay)
in Germany?
8. I wonder what we ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) there.
9. Where do you think you ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) in
ten years ?
10.He ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (work) as a policeman.
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Future Perfect Tense
Gelecekte belli bir zamanda yapmış olacağımız işleri anlatmak için kullanılır.
Yani o zaman geldiğinde o iş bitmiş olacaktır.
–By the time we get there, they will have finished the meeting.
(Biz oraya vardığımızda onlar toplantıyı bitirmiş olacaklar.)
–By the time you read this letter, I won’t be here anymore. I will have gone far
away.
(Siz bu mektubu okuduğunuzda ben burada olmayacağım. Çok uzaklara
gitmiş olacağım.)
–I will have competed writing my new book by the end of this summer.
(Yeni kitabımı bu yazın sonunda bitirmiş olacağım.)
Olumlu
I / You / We / They
He / She / It
will have
verb 3
I will have finished my
homework.
(Ev ödevimi bitirmiş
olacağım.)
verb 3
I won’t have finished
my homework.
(Ev ödevimi bitirmemiş
olacağım.)
Olumsuz
I / You / We / They
He / She / It
will have
Soru
Will
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I / You / We / They
He / She / It
will have
verb 3
Will you have finished
your homework?
(Ev ödevimi bitirmiş
olacak mısın?)
–He will have washed the car by the time you arrive.
(Sen vardığında arabayı yıkamış olacak.)
–The police will have arrested the burglar by the time I go there.
(Oraya gittiğimde polis hırsızı tutuklamış olacak.)
–We won’t have moved to America next summer.
(Gelecek yaz Amerika’ya taşınmamış olacağız.)
–We won’t have arrived there before noon.
(Gece yarısından önce oraya ulaşmış olmayacağız.)
–Will you have finished doing your homework when I arrive home?
(Eve vardığımda ödevini bitirmiş olacak mısın?)
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–Will this jacket be old fashined by next summer.
(Gelecek yaz bu ceketin modası geçmiş olacak mı?)
5. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Future Perfect Tense kullanarak doldurunuz.
1. I ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (send) the e-mail by tomorrow
morning.
2. The holiday ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (finish) by tomorrow.
3.Ayla ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (make) the cake by the time
we arrive home.
4.They ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (build) the 8.dam by 2023.
5. Next week, all my exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (finish)
so I will get a deep breathe.
6.We .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) out. We will stay at home.
7. Will you ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (f inish) university next
year?
8.
............................. your cousin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (got)
married by the month?
9.Emre ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (repair) his motorbike by
four o ‘clock.
10. We ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (write) the report by tomorrow.
6. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “Future Continuous Tense” ya da “Future Perfect
Tense” kullanarak doldurunuz.
1. Don’t come early in the morning, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(sleep).
2. You can come in the afternoon, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(finish) working.
3. I think we ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) in the same city in the
future?
4. I’m visiting Egypt at the moment, at the end of my trip I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . ....................... (travel) more than 3000 km.
5. By the time he comes we .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (finish) the
meeting.
6. Don’t phone at 9 o’clock. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( watch )
“ Who Wants to be a Millionaire.”
7. Don’t phone grandma now, she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(sleep).
8. I promise I ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) all my homework by
the weekend.
9. This time next month she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( have)
holiday in İzmir .
10.I . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) married for ten years by October 25th.
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UNIT ONE (TEST)
1. She . . .................................... . . . . . . . . the pyramids by the end of next year.
A) will visits
B) are visit
C) will have visited
D) visit
2. Can you tell me how much I ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for this painting when I finish it?
A) got
B) gets
C) is get
D) will get
3. It . . . . . ................... probably .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when I reach New York.
A) will/ be raining
B) is/raining
C) do/rain
D) be/raining
4. My mother ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cleaning the house by 6 o’clock.
A) will has finish
B) will have finished
C) will finishes
D) does finish
5. She . . .................................... . . . . . . . . this with her mother tonight.
A) is discussed
B) will discussed
C) will have discussed
D) discussing
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6. This time tomorrow he ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to South America.
A) fly
B) will flied
C) flied
D) will be flying
7. He . . . . . . .................................... . . . . his suitcase by tomorrow.
A) will have packed
B) packing
C) pack
D) packed
8. I . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . the letter by tomorrow.
A) send
B) sending
C) will have sent
D) sends
9. We. . . . . . ..................................... . . . to the disco on Saturday.
A) goes
B) will be going
C) going
D) go
10.By 2015. .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . married for 19 years .
A) is
B) been
C) be
D) will have been
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11.Ali . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . a film when I arrive tonight.
A) is watch
B) watched
C) will be watching
D) watch
12.When I come to school, the students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for me.
A) will be waiting
B) wait
C) waits
D) waited
13.We . . . ................... already...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dinner by the time you join us.
A) will/ have eaten
B) will/eat
C) is/eat
D) does/eat
14.She . . .................................... . . . . . . . . when you telephone her.
A) sleeping
B) sleep
C) will be sleeping
D) is sleep
15.He . . .................................... . . . . . . . . in my office when you arrive.
A) is works
B) will have working
C) will working
D) work
24
16.In September, I .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from the university.
A) will graduated
B) is graduate
C) graduate
D) will have graduated
17.I . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . for four hours by the time arrive home.
A) will be working
B) will working
C) will be worked
D) will been working
18.Tomorrow at nine I .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a test.
A) will solving
B) is solve
C) will have solving
D) will be solving
19.Next year we ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . will have bought a new house.
A) have bought
B) will have bought
C) will be bought
D) will buys
20.I am afraid but I ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the project on time as I promised.
A) is finish
B) finishing
C) won’t have finished
D) finish
25
21.I . . . . . . .................................... . . . . English by the end of this year.
A) will have learnt
B) will have learns
C) will learning
D) will has learnt
22.. . . . . . . .................. you .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the weekly reports before you go on
holiday?
A) Will/completed
B) Will/completes
C) Will/ have completed
D) Will/completing
23.We will be tired when we arrive. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for a long time.
A) is sleep
B) sleeping
C) won’t have slept
D) sleep
24.Mary .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . at home when you arrive.
A) sleeps
B) won’t be sleeping
C) was sleep
D) is slept
25.How many women .............. . . . . . . . . . . . he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the time the
police catch him?
A) will/hurting
B) is/hurt
C) are/hurt
D) will/have hurt
UNIT TWO
HABBITS
(ALIŞKANLIKLAR)
1. Dünyanın değişik yerlerindeki uyku alışkanlıkları ile ilgili bir okuma parçasını
okuyup anlayabilecek, konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek,
2. Şart cümleciklerini öğreneceksiniz.
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PART ONE
Nap (Öğle Uykusu)
Do you often have a nap? When is the last time you took a nap? Is nap “a siesta” as the Mexican says or is it “a kalule” as the Muslims says or is it just a part of your
culture? Do you think naps are just for babies and very old people? Many people in
the United States think naps are a waste of time. Recently, companies are seeing the
benefits of a short afternoon nap.
In Muslim countries people take nap as it is a “sunnah” of the last prophet Mohammed (PBUH). Muslims take “kalule” because it is “sunnah”. Recent researches has
shown that after a short nap, people wake up feeling more energetic so a short nap
is beneficial for health. People who take a nap feel more alert and ready to go back
to work. In Arabian countries, Spain and Latin America, most businesses close for a
couple of hours in the afternoon. Workers go home for lunch and have a nap. In the
late afternoon, they return to their jobs. But in most countries, an afternoon nap is
very unusual. In the European countries and in the United States most people work
8 or 9 hours a day with a lunch break and one or two short coffee breaks. If you are
sleepy in the afternoon, have another cup of coffee!
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Generally, naps are not acceptable in today’s work life. Most adults are getting
much less sleep than they need. The average adult needs 9 hours of sleep per night.
However, most adults get 6 or 7 hours of sleep. Scientists report that most people
have less energy in the afternoon. During this time, workers and students think less
clearly and get less done. The problem is even worse for workers who don’t get
enough sleep.
Researches show that after a 30-45 minutes nap, workers feel more awake,
more willing, and are better at solving problems. May be this is the reason why
Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) advised Muslims to take a nap in the afternoon. Managers say that after a nap, workers work more effectively in less time. Napping is
not unusual for some employees, including airline pilots, truckers, firefighters, and
factory workers.
Some major companies are taking napping seriously. They see naps as a good
idea, not a waste of company time. After a nap, employees are more productive.
These companies are offering breaks for naps. Some companies even have nap
rooms. In the future, a nap break may be as common as a coffee break. But until
then, it’s still not a good idea to get caught “sleeping on the job.”
Unknown Words (Bilinmeyen Kelimeler)
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nap
: şekerleme, kısa uyku
Muslim
:Müslüman
waste of time
: zaman kaybı
recently
: son zamanlarda
companies
:şirketler
benefits
:faydalar
prophet
:peygamber
energetic : enerjik
beneficial
:yararlı
alert
: alarm vermek, uyarmak
business
:iş
unusual
:olağandışı
lunch break
: öğle tatili, öğle arası
acceptable
: kabul edilebilir
adults
:yetişkinler
average
:ortalama
scientist
: bilim adamları
worse
:kötü
research
:araştırma
awake
:uyanık
willing
:istekli
manager
:yönetici
effectively
: etkin biçimde
employees
:çalışanlar
trucker
:kamyoncu
firefighters
:itfaiyeciler
productive
:üretken
1. Many people in the United States think naps are / aren’t a waste of time.
2. Companies are seeing the harms / benefits of a short afternoon nap.
3. After a short nap, people sleep / wake up feeling more energetic.
4. Naps are / are not acceptable in today’s work life.
5. After a nap, employees are more productive / less productive.
1. In Arabian countries, Spain and Latin America, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
close for a couple of hours in the afternoon.
2. In the European countries and in the United States most people work
. . . ................................ with a lunch break and one or two short coffee
breaks.
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3. Most adults are getting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . than they need.
4. Managers say that after a nap, workers work more ..............................
less time.
5. ................................... even have nap rooms.
3. Sorular parçaya göre cevaplandırınız.
1. Do people who a take nap feel more alert?
2. Is an afternoon nap usual in most countries?
3. How do people feel after a 30-45 minutes nap?
4. Is napping unusual for pilots?
5. May a nap break be common in the future?
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PART TWO
Conditional Sentences (Şart Cümleleri)
Şart cümleleri iki cümlecikten oluşur. Birinci cümle “if” (eğer) kelimesiyle başlayan cümleciktir ki buna “if clause” yani şart cümleciği denir. Diğer cümlecik ise birinci cümlecikten yani if cümleciğinden etkilenen cümledir. Buna ise “main clause”
yani ana cümlecik denir.
Bir olayın olmasının başka bir olaya bağlı olması durumunda şart cümleleri
kullanılır.
Cümleye “if” li ifadeyle de başlasak, ana cümle ile de başlasak anlamda bir değişiklik olmaz. Ancak cümleye “if” ile başlarsak bu cümleden sonra virgül kullanmamız gerekir.
If kelimesinin Türkçe karşılğı “(eğer ), (şayet), veya (…se), (…sa)” şeklindedir.
Şart cümleciklerinde 3. tekil şahıslarda (he,she,it) için “was” yerine “were” kullanılır.
Şart Cümleciklerini dört grupta inceleyebiliriz:
Type “0”
Genel doğrulardan bahsederken kullanılır. Bu tip şart bildirmekten çok, sebep-sonuç ifadesi bildirir.
If + Simple Present, Simple Present
–If you heat the iron, it expands.
(Eğer demiri ısıtırsan genişler.)
–
If you heat ice, it
melts.
(Eğer buzu ısıtırsan
erir.)
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–If you boil water, it evaporates.
(Eğer suyu kaynatırsan
buharlaşır.)
–If you go round the world, you reach to the same point.
(Eğer dünyanın etrafında yürürsen aynı noktaya ulaşırsın.)
Emirler ve tavsiye için de type “0” kullanılabilir.
–If you have problems, talk to your mother.
(Eğer problemlerin varsa annenle konuş.)
–Don”t wait for us if we are late.
(Eğer geç kalırsak bizi bekleme.)
–Don’t get angry if someone shouts at you.
(Eğer biri sana bağırırsa sinirlenme.)
–If you feel sick, see the doctor. (tavsiye)
(Eğer hasta hissediyorsan doktora görün.)
–Stop smoking and take up a sport if you want to keep fit. (tavsiye)
(Formda kalmak istiyorsan sigarayı bırak ve spor yap.)
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4. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “If clause type 0” kullanarak doldurunuz.
1. Water .......................... (freeze) if the temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(fall) below zero.
2. The clock ........................ . . (not work) if the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(be) flat.
3. If the camera ................... . . . . . . . (be) on, a green light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(appear).
4. If a balloon .................... . . (be) filled with hot air, it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(rise).
5. If water .......................... (boil), it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (change) into
steam.
6. If you .......................... (have) a headache, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (take)
an aspirin.
7. If you .......................... (be) ill, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the doctor.
8. If it .......................... (rain), the grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) wet.
9. If you .......................... (not eat) for too long, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(die).
10. If ice .......................... (drop) in water, it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (float).
Type “1”
Type 1, konuşma anında ya da gelecekte gerçekleşme ihtimali yüksek bir olayı
ifade etmek için kullanılır. “If clause” ile gerçekleşme ihtimali olan bir koşul verilir.
Bu koşul gerçekleşirse, ana cümlecikteki “sonuç” eylem de gerçekleşmiş olacaktır.Bu
tipte Present ve Future Tenseler kullanılır.
If + Simple Present Tense, Simple Future Tense
Gelecekte olması muhtemel, mümkün olayları anlatır.
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–If I go to İstanbul, I will visit Sultan Ahmet Mosque.
(Eğer İstanbul gidersem Sultan Ahmet Camisi’ni ziyaret edeceğim.)
–If you do exercise, you won’t get fat.
(Eğer egzersiz yaparsan kilo almazsın.)
–If you come early, I will make you a cake.
(Eğer erken gelirsen sana kek yapacağım.)
–If they come tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.
(Eğer yarın gelirlerse pikniğe gideceğiz.)
–If you work harder, you will be successful.
(Eğer daha çok çalışırsan başarılı olursun.)
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5. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “if clause type 1” kullanarak doldurunuz.
1. I . ......................... (be) happy, if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (visit) me.
2. The teacher ..................... . . . . . (get) angry if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (forget) to do my homework.
3. If I .......................... (go) home late, my dad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get)
angry with me.
4. If you .......................... (study) hard, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (pass) the
exam.
5. If you .......................... (miss) the train, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have)
to take the bus.
6. If Ayşe .......................... (find) her cat, she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (take) it
back home.
7. We will .......................... (go) swimming if the sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(shine).
8. I . ......................... ( help) you if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) in need.
9. You .......................... (get) good marks if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(work) regularly.
10. If it .......................... (rain) tomorrow, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( stay) at
home.
Type “2”
If + Simple Past Tense, would verb 1/could verb 1/might verb 1
Type 2, gerçekleşme ihtimali çok zayıf olan veya hiç olmayan, gerçekleşmemiş
olaylar için kullanılır. Type “2” mana olarak geniş zamanda olmasına rağmen, Simple
Past Tense ile kullanılır. Ana cümlecik, olmayan bir koşuldan etkilendiği için “hayalî”
durumdadır; bu yüzden de “would” ile kurulur. Bu tip genellikle dilek ve temennileri
ifade etmek için kullanılır.
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–If I lived by the sea, I would
go fishing.
(Eğer deniz kenarında yaşasaydım balık tutmaya giderdim.)
–If I had enough money, I
would buy a new car.
(Eğer yeterli param olsaydı yeni bir araba alırdım.)
–If I were a rich, I would help the poor.
(Eğer zengin olsam fakirlere yardım ederim.)
Bu tip “if clause” tavsiye de bulunmak için de kullanılabilir.
“If I were you.....”, yani “senin yerinde olsam......” anlamına gelir.
–If I were you, I wouldn’t wait for her any more.
(Senin yerinde olsam onu daha fazla beklemezdim.)
–If I were you, I would give up that job this immediately.
(Senin yerinde olsam bu işi hemen bırakırım.)
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1. If we .......................... (have) a yacht, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (sail) all
around the world.
2. If I .......................... (be) younger, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (learn) would
learn karate.
3. If we .......................... (told) this to the teacher, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(get) very angry.
4.I . ......................... (buy) a new car if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) enough
money.
5. If she ………………… (have) a mobile phone, she …………………
(phone) all her friends.
6. The engine ..................... . . . . . . . (not start) if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not
repair) it.
7. If I .......................... (have) a lot of money, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not
stay) in this city.
8. If I ............................ (feel) better, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the
theatre with you.
9.You .......................... (not suffer) so much if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(go) to a doctor.
10. If I .......................... (have) money, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lend) it you.
Type “3”
If + Past Perfect Tense, would have verb 3
Type 3, gerçekleşmemiş olan bir olayı anlatır yani geçmişten bahseder “Eğer
gerçekleşmiş olsaydı.” şeklinde bir anlam ifade eder. Bu yapıda “if clause” Past Perfect
ile, ana cümlecik ise “would + Past Perfect” kullanılarak yapılır.
–If he hadn’t smoked, he wouldn’t have been so ill.
(Eğer sigara içmeseydi bu kadar hasta olmazdı.)
–If it had rained, we wouldn’t have gone to the stadium.
(Eğer yağmur yağsaydı stadyuma gitmezdik.)
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–If the weather had been nice, we would have played in the park.
(Eğer hava iyi olsaydı parkta oynayacaktık.)
–If we had found a better cook, we would have eaten good meals.
(Eğer daha iyi bir aşçı bulabilseydik daha iyi yemekler yerdik.)
–If we had taken a taxi, we would have arrived there on time.
(Eğer taksi ye binseydik oraya zamanında varırdık.)
1. If you ........................ . . (eat) less chocolate, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(be) healthier.
2. If we ………………….. (practice), we …………………………..(win) the
mach.
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3. If the referee .................. . . . . ............ (see) the foul, he would have
. . ............................. (give) a penalty.
4. If it ................................. . . . . . (not start) to rain, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(walk) together on the beach.
5. If we ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the cinema, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . ...................... (see) the film.
6. If you ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (take) a taxi, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . ................... (arrive) on time to the meeting.
7.Linda ............................. . . . . . . . . . (not hurt) her foot if she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .................. ( not fall) from the stairs.
8. If it ............................... (be) warmer, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (sit) in
the garden.
9.If you ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . (tell) me the way correctly,
I . ................................... . . (not arrive) so late.
10. If it ............................ (not rain) all the weekend, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(go ) trekking.
8. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “if clause type 0,1,2 ya da” kullanarak doldurunuz.
1. If I ............................ (be) stronger, I’d help you carry the piano.
2. I . ........................... (travel) abroad if I find a cheap flight.
3. If I ............................ (see) you, I would have said hello.
4. If you ............................ (drop) the plate, it will break.
5. If she............................ (study), she would not have passed the exam.
6. I would have come to your wedding ceremony if I .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(not be) on holiday.
7. I would go to work by car if I .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a driving license.
8. If we............................ (watch) the news, we would have heard it.
9. I will earn a lot of money if I .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) that job.
10. If you ............................ (heat) metal it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (expand).
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UNIT TWO (TEST)
1. If they ............................... . carefully, they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the
woodpecker.
A) listen/might hear
B) listening/hear
C) listened/ might hear
D) listens/hear
2. If I . . . ............................. down on the sofa, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . asleep.
A) had lain/ would have fallen
B) lain/have fall
C) lained/will fall
D) lains/fallen
3. Sinan ................................ as a policeman if he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . taller.
A) works/be
B) worked/was
C) will work/been
D) could have worked/ had been
4. If the cat ............................... . in the tree, the dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.
A) hides/will not find
B) hiding/find
C) hides/would find
D) hide/found
5. I . . . . . . ........................ the problem if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . their textbooks.
A) could have solved/ had used
B) have solved/ had used
C) solved/ had used
D) will solve/uses
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6. I . . . . . . . . . . ................................... the newspaper if you bought one.
A) read/bought
B) would have read/buys
C) would read/ bought
D) will read/bought
7. My brother ............................... . . in the school orchestra if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
he the drum every day.
A) had play/practise
B) could play/ practised
C) plays/will practise
D) played/practiced
8. If you . . . ................................... . more words, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a
good report.
A) learned/ have written
B) had learned/ would have written
C) learn/ would have written
D) will learned/ have written
9. If the teacher ......................... the homework better, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.
A) had explained/ solves
B) explains/ solving
C) explained/ had solved
D) had explained/ would have solved
10.If you . . ........................... for another 10 minutes, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the prime minister.
A) waited/ have seen
B) had wait/ would have seen
C) had waited/ would have seen
D) waits/ see
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11.If the police ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . earlier to the crime place they
. . . . . . . . ..................... the criminal.
A) come/arrest
B) comes/arrest
C) had come/ would have arrested
D) coming/arrests
12.If you ............................ fresh vegetable, the meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
better.
A) bought/ have tasted
B) had bought/ would have tasted
C) buy/ will have tasted
D) bought/ has tasted
13.If you ............................. me, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the documents.
A) called/ helped
B) call/will have helped
C) called/would helping
D) had called/would have helped
14.If you ............................. more slowly, Peggy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you.
A) had spoken /would have understood
B) speaks /would have understand
C) spoke /would understood
D) speak/understands
15.If I . . . . ......................... home earlier, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dinner.
A) came/ prepare
B) came/ would prepare
C) will came/ would prepare
D) do came/ prepare
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16.If it . . . . . . ......................., Nina ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an umbrella with her.
A) rain/ take
B) rains/ will take
C) rained/ would take
D) rained/ will take
17.If I . . . . . . . ...................... in Antalya, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to swim every day.
A) live/ would go
B) live/ would went
C) live/ will goes
D) lived/ would go
18.If you . . . .......................... older, you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in our hockey team.
A) are/play
B) were/ would play
C) do/played
D) were/had been plays
19.If Ali . . . . ......................... his car, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a new motorbike.
A) sold/would buy
B) sell/will bought
C) sell/had bought
D) will sell/buy
20.We . . . . . . ....................... to the meeting if it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . so late
A) had come/had started
B) will come/started
C) would come/ didn’t start
D) comes/started
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21. If they ............................. old enough, they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with us.
A) are/comes
B) were/will come
C) is/come
D) were/ could come
22.If you............................. ice, it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) had heaten/melts
B) heat/melts
C) heat/will melt
D) will heat/melted
23.If we ............................. these cans, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . money.
A) recycled/ could earn
B) recycle/earn
C) recycle/will earned
D) will recycle/ earn
24.You . . ........................... in the school team if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . better.
A) would be/ plays
B) would / played
C) will be/ played
D) would be/ played
25.If it . . . .........................., we .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skiing.
A) snow/go
B) snows/goes
C) snowed/ could go
D) is snow/going
UNIT THREE
SECURITY
(GÜVENLİK)
1. Kredi kartları ve güvenlik ile ilgili bir okuma parçası okuyup anlayabilecek,
konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek,
2. Zarf cümlecikleriyle cümleler kurabileceksiniz.
48
PART ONE
Credit Cards (Kredi Kartları)
Credit cards have become an
important part of today’s life. We all
use credit cards to make our lives
easier. Credit cards give us extra buying power when we need it. It allows
reserving plane tickets, hotel rooms,
rent cars etc. Credit cards make business or shopping transactions much
easier. Also by using a credit card you
will often find that your goods are
likely to be protected if over a certain
value. Also by having a credit card you
don’t have to carry large amounts of
cash around with you that can easily
be lost or stolen.
Shopping online has become common for many people. It’s easier as you can
do it at any time of the day anywhere if you want. You can usually get things for less
money by purchasing goods online.
In theory, credit cards are designed to help us, but they can also hurt us. They
can help us to buy anything we want, but they can also lead us down a path towards financial slavery.
Having a credit card can save you money when used properly. Using a credit
card is also safe. If your wallet is stolen, don’t worry one quick phone call to your
card issuer can cancel your cards and stop them from being used.
Many people complaint that the credit cards take them into debt. But the fact
is they get themselves into debt by not using the credit card responsibly. Try to
know the benefits that your credit card offers and take their advantage.
Credit cards can make life easier and be a great tool, but if they aren’t used
wisely they can become a huge financial burden. If you decide to use credit cards,
remember these simple rules: Keep track of all your purchases. Don’t spend outside
your budget. Pay off your balance on all of your credit cards at the end of each
month. Don’t loan your credit or give out your credit card information to anyone
but reliable companies.
49
easier
extra
buying power
reserve
rent
business
transaction
protect
value
amounts
cash
lost
stolen
common
purchasing
financial slavery
properly
safe
card issuer
cancel
complaint
debt
responsibly
benefits
advantage
wisely
huge
financial burden
track
budget
loan
reliable
companies
50
: daha kolay
:ek,ilave
: satın alma gücü
:ayırtmak
:kiralamak
: iş, işletme
:hareket
:korumak
:değer
:meblağ
:nakit
:kayıp
:çalınmış
: alışılmış, sıradan
: satın alma
: finansal kölelik
:düzenli
:güvenli
: kartı veren
:iptal
:şikâyet
:borç
: sorumlu olarak
:faydalar
:avantajlar
:akıllıca
: çok büyük, devasa
: mali yük
:izlemek
:bütçe
:borç
:güvenilir
:şirketler
1. Credit cards have become an unimportant / important part of today’s life.
2. Credit cards give us the extra / less buying power when we need it.
3. By having a credit card you have to / don’t have to carry large amounts of
cash around with you.
4. Having a credit card can spend / save you money when used properly.
5. If credit cards aren’t used wisely they can become a small / huge financial
burden.
1. Credit cards give us extra buying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when we need
it.
2. You can usually get things for less money by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods online.
3. In theory, credit cards are ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to help us.
4. Pay off your ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . on all of your credit cards at the end
of each month.
5.Don’t .............................. . . . your credit or give out your credit card information to anyone.
1. What has become an important part of our daily life?
2. How can you get things for less money?
3. Is using credit card safe?
4. Can you cancel your cards if they are stolen?
5. What happens when credit cards aren’t used wisely?
51
PART TWO
Adverbial Clauses (Zarf Cümlecikleri)
Fiilleri tarz, neden, yer, zaman, koşul, amaç, sonuç gibi ögelerle destekleyen
cümleciklere zarf cümlecikleri denir. Zarf cümlecikleri cümleyi niteler ve zarf görevinde bulunur. Zarf cümlecikleri kullanıldıkları yere ve üstlendikleri göreve göre
farklı zarflarla ve farklı yapılarda kurulur. Zarf cümlecikleri cümlenin başına ya da
sonuna gelebilir. Yan cümlecik başa yerleştirildiğinde ana cümleden virgülle ayrılır.
Adverbial Clauses of Time (Zaman Belirten Zarf Cümlecikleri)
İki cümle arasındaki zaman ilişkisini belirtir.
“When, while, as soon as, by the time, after, whenever, before, as long as, until,
as, since”
– When he came, we were eating dinner.
(O geldiğinde biz akşam yemeği yiyorduk.)
– While I was cleaning the house, the children were playing in the garden.
(Ben evi temizlerken, çocuklar bahçede oyun oynuyorlardı.)
52
– I phoned him as soon as I finished my work.
(İşimi bitirir bitirmez onu aradım.)
–By the time he came,
it was midnight.
(O geldiğinde gece
yarısı idi.)
– You can ride your bicycle out after you help me.
(Bana yardım ettikten sonra bisiklet sürebilirsin.)
– Whenever I see him, I feel happy.
(Onu her ne zaman görsem kendimi mutlu hissediyorum.)
– Before you get on your car check your tires.
(Arabana binmeden önce tekerleri kontrol et.)
– He will be successful as long as he studies regularly.
(Düzenli çalıştığı sürece başarılı olur.)
53
– You can’t go out until
you finish your homework.
(Ödevini bitirene kadar
dışarı çıkamazsın.)
– Since he left home, nobody has heard from him.
(O evi terk ettikten sonra kimse ondan haber alamadı.)
– You can’t go there by yourself as you are too young.
(Çok genç olduğun için oraya tek başına gidemezsin.)
nuz.
4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları içindeki uygun kelimeler ile dolduru-
1. I will give you this compass .............................. (as / so that) you can
find your way in the forest.
2. We keep our vegetables in the fridge .............................. (in order to /
so that) it doesn’t go bad.
3. Emin is going to an English course .............................. (so that / in order to) learn English.
4. I have to wake up early .............................. (since / after) I won’t miss
bus.
54
5. Elif is putting on thick clothes .............................. (because / in order
to) she catches a cold.
6. . . ............................ (Since / While) he was interested in books, Ayhan
went to the library regularly.
7. I will phone you .............................. (as soon as / until) I arrive there.
8. Students go to school .............................. (whenever / in order to)
learn new things.
9. Metin joined the music club .............................. (because / while) he
wanted to play the guitar.
10. The film was boring ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (because / so) some of us got
bored and went out.
Adverbial Clauses of Reason (Neden Bildiren Zarf Cümlecikleri)
İki cümle birbirine neden-sonuç anlamıyla bağlanır.
“because, since, as, for, due to the fact that”
– Because she was young, she was very active.
(Genç olduğu için çok aktifti.)
– Since it is late, you cannot go out.
(Geç olduğu için dışarı çıkamazsın.)
– She came late because she overslept.
(Geç geldi çünkü uyuyakaldı.)
– You can’t go out since it is dangerous at nights.
(Geceleri tehlikeli olduğu için dışarı çıkamazsın.)
– He must study, for it is her last chance.
(Son şansı olduğu için çalışması gerekir.)
55
– Due to the fact that he is jobless, he needs financial support from his family.
(İşsiz olduğu için ailesinin maddi desteğine ihtiyacı var.)
5. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları parantez içindeki uygun kelimeler ile
doldurunuz.
1. Meliha went shopping .............................. (in order to / so) buy a present for his husband.
2. Zeynep went to the market .............................. (because / while) she
wanted to buy some sugar.
3. It surprised us that Mine got a high mark from the exam ......................
(since / as soon as) she was a hardworking student.
4. Mehmet got a present from his teacher .............................. (because /
so that) he behaved good.
5. .............................. (Due to the fact that / To) Tom is innocent, he was
not arrested by the police.
6. The fat lady is taking exercises .............................. (because / in order
to) she wants to lose weight.
7. .............................. (Since / Until) I have not seen him, I will phone him.
8. We listened .............................. (for/ as soon as) he told very interesting things.
9. I did not buy it .............................. (because / so) it was too expensive.
10.
.............................. (Because / Where) I spent all my money, I had to
walk home.
Yer Belirten Zarf Cümlecikleri
Yer belirten zarf cümlecikleri “where, wherever, as ............. as” gibi yer ifadeleri kullanılarak kurulur.
– I have put the keys where nobody can find them.
(Anahtarları kimsenin bulamayacağı bir yere koydum.)
56
– Don’t move! Stay where you are! I will bring help.
(Hareket etme! Olduğun yerde kal! Yardım çağıracağım.)
– He cannot go wherever he wants.
(O istediği her yere gidemez.)
– I will run as fast as I can.
(Koşabildiğim kadar hızlı koşacağım.)
– We found the bicycle where I forgot it.
(Bisikleti unuttuğum yerde bulduk.)
– You should stand as near as you can.
(Olabildiğiniz kadar yakında durmalısınız.)
– I will catch you wherever you escape.
(Nereye kaçarsan kaç seni yakalarım.)
57
4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları, parantez içindeki uygun kelimeler
ile doldurunuz.
1. Put the key ................. ............. (where / because) you can find it easily
again.
2. He let his son .............................. (wherever / why) he wanted to go.
3. Let’s go to .............................. (where / until) they are waiting for us.
4. Don’t move it. It can stay .............................. (where / in order to) it is.
5. If you are jobless you have to go .............................. (where / to) you
can find a job.
6. Don’t forget to park your car .............................. (as near as / in order
to) the pavement you can.
7. The dog follows her .............................. (wherever/in order to) she
goes.
8. I try to visit ................... . . . . . . . . . . . (wherever/why) I can.
9. You don’t need to take your son with you .............................. (wherever/in order to) you go.
10.
.............................. (Wherever/For) you hide, the police will find and
arrest you because you are guilty.
58
UNIT THREE (TEST)
1. Metin joined to army ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . he wanted to do his military
sevice.
A) at
B) since
C) just
D) already
2. The lesson was boring ………………. some of the students began to fall
asleep.
A) why
B) to
C) at
D) so
3. He couldn’t pass the class ………………. he didn’t study his lesson.
A) because
B) as soon as
C) so
D) while
4. ………………………… I was a teenager; I enjoyed camping in the forest.
A) When
B) So
C) Whenever
D) To
59
5. …………………… they were feeding the birds in the park, the children were
watching them.
A) In order to
B) To
C) So
D) While
6. Ann ate an apple …………………she was hungry.
A) why
B) to
C) as
D) in
7. Take your umbrella …………………you won’t get wet in the rain.
A) as soon as
B) so that
C) because
D) until
8. The room was dark …………… we turned on the lamp.
A) in order to
B) as soon as
C) so
D) until
9. ……………….she was good at maths, she was enrolled to an advanced class.
A) Before
B) Until
C) When
D) Since
60
10.I saw Tom ………………….he was getting off the bus.
A) as
B) to
C) in order to
D) so
11.. ………………………… that I live on my own, I have to cook my own food.
A) Because
B) Since
C) Due to the fact
D) For
12.I found my umbrella ………………….I had left it.
A) why
B) where
C) so
D) to
13. I’m studying hard …………………. I want to pass my exam.
A) to
B) as hard as
C) in order to
D) because
14.Sit ……………….. you like.
A) for
B) wherever
C) since
D) by
61
15.We would like to live in a place ………………it never rains.
A) where
B) why
C) in order to
D) after
16.I did it ……………………………..my father wanted me to do it.
A) to
B) as soon
C) because
D) why
17. …………………………we have no money, we can’t buy the car.
A) Since
B) Why
C) So
D) To
18.…………………….she was 13, she had already achieved worlwide fame.
A) By the time
B) Whenever
C) To
D) In order to
19.I read ……………………..I like reading.
A) to
B) why
C) before
D) because
62
20.I feel sad………………… I remember my grandfather.
D) why
B) to
C) whenever
D) in order to
21.All the students rushed out of the school ……………………..the bell rang.
A) to
B) while
C) as soon as
D) so
22.You may visit us ………………………..you come to Istanbul.
A) where
B) for
C) as near as
D) whenever
23.I washed the dishes ……………….. I ate my meal.
A) to
B) after
C) when
D) as long as
24.He will let us know ………………. he decides.
A) as soon as
B) due to the fact
C) so
D) because
25.I have put the keys ………………. nobody find.
A) where
B) why
C) so
D) to
63
UNIT FOR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ)
1. Bilgisayar ve internet ile ilgili bir okuma parçasını okuyup anlayabilecek, konu
ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek,
2. Edilgen yapıda cümleler kurabileceksiniz.
66
PART ONE
Computer and Internet (Bilgisayar ve İnternet)
Computer and Internet is
everywhere, and it is loved and
used by everyone for everything.
Many of us get up in the morning, and before saying hello to
anyone or before having breakfast, we sit down, turn on our
computer and use the internet.
We got our news, receive our
mail, do our shopping, and review all the knowledge in the
universe. Most of us do it while
we are sitting in a chair looking
at the screen. Could life be any
better and easier?
The 21th century is the age of improvements. Mankind made many inventions
and developments in this century. Of course there were many developments made
earlier but there are some developments which we even can’t imagine. Among others there is an invention that changed our lives completely; computers. Personal
computers began to be a part of our lives in the 80’s. With the development of technology computers become smaller, cheaper and portable. Later laptops came to
our lives. They were portable. We carried them in bags. Now tablet pc’s appeared.
They are smaller than laptops. They can even be carried in your pocket.
The history of the computer goes to 1940’s. The first computer ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was so big that you can’t imagine. It
weight 30 tones. It was 167 square meters big. ENIAC needed 150 thousand watts
energy to work. This computer was used first in the population census by Americans. The name of the computer was Mark-1.
In the year 1964 Douglas Engelbart invented the first mouse. Engelbart’s
mouse could only go to one direction. The first today like computer was made in
1977. It had got a monitor and a keyboard. IBM made the first personal home computer in 1983. Its name was PX / XT.
Turkey met with computer in 1960. ENIAC was brought to Turkey by the General Directorate of Highways. In 1980 professor Abdullah Atalar made a computer
by changing a black-white television into a computer screen.
67
In 1989, the “world wide web” was presented to the world. Three “w” changed
everything in the world. People began to get connected to the world easily by clicking “www”. The “World Wide Web” also changed the way we trade. Everything became easier.
Among the years men have been investigating and developing new things
for the benefit of human kind. It is obvious that many investigations will be made
in the future which we can’t imagine. Our hope and duty is to use these inventions
truly and effectively.
breakfast
receive
shopping
review
knowledge
universe
chair
better
easier
century
improvement
mankind
invention
development
imagine
computer
portable
pocket
need
population census
direction
meet
68
:kahvaltı
:almak
:alışveriş
:tekrar
:bilgi
:kainat
:sandalye
: daha iyi
: daha kolay
:yüzyıl
:gelişme
: insanlık, insanoğlu
: icat, buluş
:gelişme
: hayal etmek
:bilgisayar
:taşınabilir
:cep
:ihtiyaç
: nüfüs sayımı
:yön
:buluşma
General Directorate of Highways
change
computer screen
presented
connected
trade
investigating
benefit
duty
effectively
: Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü
:değişme
: bilgisayar ekranı
:sunulmak
:bağlanmak
:ticaret
:araştırmak
:fayda
:görev
:etkili
1. Parçaya göre doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz.
1. Computer and internet is loved and used by no one / everyone for everything.
2. The 20th century is the year / age of inventions.
3. Computers / automobiles began to be a part of our lives in the 80’s.
4. Engelbart’s mouse could only go to one / two direction(s).
5. The first computer / laptop had got 10 mb capacities.
1. Americans used the computer widely at the ................................. in
the United States.
2. . . ............................... met with ENIAC, the first computer in the year
1960.
3. Professor Abdullah Atalar made a computer at Bilkent University by
changing ........................ . . . . . . . . . into a computer screen.
69
4. In 1989, the .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . was presented to the world.
5. Among the years man is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . new things.
1. How big was the first computer?
2. When was the first mouse invented?
3. Who invented the first mouse?
4. When was the first personal computer made?
5. Did the world wide web change the why we trade?
70
PART TWO
Passive Voice (Edilgen Çatı)
Edilgen yapı cümlede eylemi yapan bilinmiyorsa, eylemi yapan önemsizse
veya eylemi yapan çok belirginse kullanılır.
– People grow the in Rize.
(İnsanlar Rize’de çay yetiştirirler.)
Cümlesinde eylemi yapan çok önemli değildir yapılan iş yapan kişi veya kişilerden daha önemlidir. Bu yüzden bu cümleyi “Passive” olarak yazmak daha doğru
doğru olacaktır.
– Tea is grown in Rize.
(Rize’de çay yetiştirilir.)
– Someone broke the vase.
(Biri vazoyu kırmış.)
– The window is broken.
(Pencere kırık.)
–Ancient Egyptians built the
pyramids.
(Eski Mısırlılar piramitleri inşa
etti.)
71
Bu cümlede yapılan eylem daha önemli olduğu için “Passive Voice” kullanılabilir. Yapanları da belirtmek istersek cümlenin sonuna “by ancient Egyptians” getiririz.
– The pyramids were built by the ancient Egypts.
(Piramitler eski Mısırlılar tarafında inşa edildi.)
– They serve breakfast from 8 to10 in this hotel.
(Onlar bu otelde her sabah kahvaltıyı 8’den 10’a kadar servis ederler.)
Bu cümlede kahvaltıyı servis edenlerden ziyade kahvaltının servis edilmesi
önemlidir. Bu yüzden cümle edilgen yapıda kullanılması daha doğrudur. Servis edenler önemli olmadığı için yazılmazlar. Cümle aşağıdaki gibi edilgen yapıda yazılır:
– Breakfast is served from 8 to 10 every morning in this hotel.
(Bu otelde kahvaltı her sabah 8’den 10’a kadar servis edilir.)
“Active” Cümleyi “Passive” Cümleye Çevirme
“Active” cümlenin nesnesi “passive” cümlenin öznesi konumuna getirilir, “to
be” fiili uygun zamana göre yeniden yazılır.(Tabloya bakınız) Fiil 3. hâle getirilir.(Kitabın sonundaki düzensiz fiil listesine bakınız.) Etken cümlenin öznesi cümle sonuna
“by” ile birlikte eklenebilir.
– A stone breaks the glass.
(Bir taş camı kırar.)
72
Edilgen cümlede (Passive Voice) ise cümleye nesne ile başlanır.Bu durum nesnenin özneye göre daha önemli olduğunu ifade eder. Etken cümledeki özne de
önemli ise cümle sonunda “by” ile biirlikte kullanılabir.
– The glass is broken by a stone.
(Cam taş ile kırılır.)
– Workers do the cleaning.
(İşçiler temizliği yaparlar.)
– The cleaning is done by the workers.
(Temizlik işçiler tarafından yapılır.)
– Students must wear school uniforms at school.
(Öğrenciler okulda okul üniforması giymek zorundalar.)
– School uniforms must be worn by students at school.
(Öğrenciler tarafından okulda okul üniforması giyilmelidir.)
BirTENSES
cümleyi “Active voice” ACTIVITE
tan “Passive Voice” a çevirirken
PASSIVEaşağıdaki kuralları
VERB
kullanırız:
Present Continuous
am / is / are V1 ing
am / is / are being
verb 3
Tense
Past Continuous Tense
was / were V1 ing
was / were being
verb 3
Simple Present Tense
V1
am / is / are
verb 3
Simple Past Tense
V2
was / were
verb 3
Simple Future Tense
will V2
will be
verb 3
Near future
am / is / are going to V1
am / is/ are going to be
verb 3
Present perfect tense
have / has V3
have / has been
verb 3
Past perfect tenses
had V3
had been
verb 3
73
must
must V1
must be
verb 3
can
can V1
can be
verb 3
may
may
may be
verb 3
should
should
should be
verb 3
could
could
could be
verb 3
– Ali can buy a car.
(Ali bir araba satın alabilir.)
– A car can be bought by Ali.
(Bir araba Ali tarafından alınabilir.)
“Passive” bir cümleyi olumsuz yapmak istersek “to be” fiilinden sonra “not” getiririz.
– The police couldn’t catch
the thief.
(Polis hırsızı yakalayamadı.)
–The thief couldn’t be caught by the police.
(Hırsız polis tarafından
yakalanamadı.)
– Ahmet hasn’t painted the door white.
(Ahmet evi beyaza boyamadı.)
– The house hasn’t been painted white by Ahmet.
(Ev Ahmet tarafından beyaza boyanmadı.)
74
I haven’t seen such a nice garden before.
– I haven’t seen such a nice garden before.
(Daha önce böyle güzel bir bahçe görmedim.)
– Such a nice garden hasn’t been seen by me before.
(Daha önce benim tarafımdan böyle güzel bir bahçe görülmedi.)
4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerin “Active Voice” ya da “Passive Voice” olduğunu yazınız.
1. They often listen to the classical music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. The car must be cleaned ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. His toys were broken in the garden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Mr. Anderson teaches English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. The house is being cleaned by the servants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1999 in Gölcük .......
. . ........................ .
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7. The food is going to be served at 8, 00 pm ………………………….
8. The children were helped by the police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. You should study your lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Different vegetables were grown by a farmer in the south ....................
............. .
5. Aşağıdaki cümleleri “Passive Voice”a çeviriniz.
1. I have eaten döner.
2. She took my bike.
The vase ..................... . . . . . . . . . by the child.
9. Ayşe cleaned the window.
76
The car ........................ . . . . . . by the child.
8. The child has broken the vase.
She ............................ . . by us.
7. Someone had stolen the car.
The house ................... . . . . . . . . . . . by me.
6. We can help her.
The thief ...................... . . . . . . . . by Kerim.
5. I was cleaning the house.
The car ........................ . . . . . . by Ali.
4. Kerim had seen the thief.
My bike ....................... . . . . . . . by her.
3. Ali is washing the car.
Döner ......................... . . . . . by me.
The window ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by Ayşe.
10. They ate the meal.
11. The home team won the game.
The papers ....................... . . . . . . . by the teachers.
19. The principle will make the arrangements tomorrow.
İstanbul .......................... . . . . by Fatih Sultan Mehmet in 1453.
18. Teachers evaluated the papers.
Her room ........................ . . . . . . by Şule.
17. Fatih Sultan Mehmet conquered İstanbul in 1453.
The flowers ...................... . . . . . . . . by the gardener.
16. Şule had cleaned her room.
My last book .................... . . . . . . . . . . by the publishing house.
15. The gardener watered the flowers.
A good mark ................... . . . . . . . . . . . me by the teacher.
14. The publishing house hasn’t published my last book.
The whole story ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me by Rita.
13. My teacher didn’t give me a good mark.
The game ........................ . . . . . . by the home team.
12. Rita told me the whole story yesterday.
The meal ........................ . . . . . . by them.
The arrangements ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tomorrow by the principle.
20. My father takes medicine every day.
Medicine ........................ . . . . . . by my father every day.
77
UNIT FOR (TEST)
1. All of the food in the kitchen .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eaten.
A) is be
B) has been
C) have been
D) had be
2. The new worker …………………………..to a new neighborhood to work for
two months.
A) has sent
B) was send
C) was sent
D) sending
3. The car ………………………… by the mechanic now.
A) is being repaired
B) repair
C) repairs
D) was repair
4. The movie ………………… by Kerim before.
A) see
B) sew
C) had been seen
D) is saw
5. All the meal …….……. by my brother.
78
A) are eats
B) is eat
C) was eaten
D) do ate
6. Another vehicle …………………….. by us.
A) will take
B) takes
C) is take
D) should be taken
7. The money …………….by George.
A) stole
B) was stolen
C) is steal
D) steals
8. The window …………………by the child.
A) is break
B) breaks
C) break
D) was broken
9. Spanish ……………….. in Mexico.
A) is speak
B) speaks
C) is spoken
D) was speak
10.The letter ……………..by the secretary.
A) writes
B) was written
C) is write
D) was writing
79
11.My money purse………….. .
A) was stolen
B) are stolen
C) do steal
D) steals
12.The door ……………….. at nine o’clock.
A) are opened
B) opens
C) opening
D) is opened
13.Be careful. You ………………. by him.
A) can be beaten
B) can beat
C) beats
D) beaten
14-18. sorularda verilen cümlelerin “Passive Voice” a çevrilmiş şeklini bulunuz.
14.The postman delivers the letters.
A) The letters are delivered by the postman.
B) The letters is delivered by the postman.
C) The letters was deliver by the postman.
D) The letter delivered by the postman.
15.I will mail the letter tomorrow.
80
A) The letters will be mail tomorrow.
B) The letters mailed tomorrow.
C) The letters will be mailed tomorrow.
D) The letters is mailed tomorrow.
16.We sold the last computer an hour ago.
A) The last computer were sold an hour ago.
B) The last computer was sold an hour ago.
C) The last computer selling an hour ago.
D) The last computer was selled an hour ago.
17.They watered the flowers.
A) The water is the flowers.
B) The flowers is watering.
C) The house will water.
D) The flowers were flowered..
18-25. sorularda verilen cümlelerin “Active Voice” a çevrilmiş şeklini bulunuz.
18.The house is being painted now.
A) The house is painted now.
B) Paintings are at home.
C) Are the painters painting?
D) They are painting he house now.
19.The message will be sent in two hours.
A) They send the message in two hours.
B) They will sended the message.
C) They will send the message in two hours.
D) A message is being ready.
20.The ship was damaged by the storm.
A) The storm was damaged by the ship.
B) The storm will not behave well.
C) The storm damaged the ship.
D) The ship is damaged by the storm.
81
21.The room was tidied up by my mother.
A) My mother is very kind.
B) My mother tidied up the room.
C) The room tidied up my room.
D) My room needs to be tidied.
22.The dictionary is always used by me.
A) I always use the dictionary.
B) I always used to dictionary.
C) The dictionary will be used.
D) Dictionaries are widely used.
23.Litter mustn’t be dropped in the street.
A) The streets must be dropped.
B) You mustn’t drop litter in the street.
C) Nobody drops litter in this place.
D) Put litters into garbage can.
24.Less money is being spent this year.
A) Less money people spend this year.
B) People will spend less money.
C) People money less spend this year.
D) People are spending less money this year.
25.Five questions were solved so far by him.
82
A) They solving five questions so far.
B) They questions so far five solving.
C) Solving questions are easy.
D) He solved five questions so far.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.turkeyhealthtourism.org/spa.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language
http://psychology.about.com/od/phobias/p/commonphobias.htm
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders/complete-publication.shtml#pub5
Baygül, İrfan; Sentence Structures in English and Syntax1, Engin Yayınevi, Ankara
83
UNIT ONE CEVAP ANAHTARI
Part One
1. Parçaya göre doğru olan kelimeyi
işaretleyiniz.
1.According to the psychiatrists, a
phobia is a rational and excessive
fear of an object or situation.
2. Phobic symptoms can occur through
exposure to the fear object or situation.
3. The fear of blood is defined as medical phobia.
4. Researchers are uncertain exactly
what causes phobias.
5. Research has shown that certain
phobias may run in families.
tion, or sometimes simply thinking
about the feared object.
4. Yes, there are. / Yes there are many
types of phobias?
4. Yes, they are. / Yes, phobias quite
common.
5. Yes, it is. / Yes, culture is an important factor in phobias.
Part Two
4. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Future Continuous Tense kullanarak doldurunuz
1. The children will be watching TV
when we arrive home tonight.
2. He won’t go to the theatre because
he will be studying for his exam.
2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun 3. I won’t be working tomorrow because it is Sunday.
kelimelerle doldurunuz.
1. Social phobias is the fear of social 4. I will be doing my homework while
situations.
you are playing football.
2. Agoraphobia is the fear of being 5. Where will you be spending your
trapped in an inescapable place or
next summer holiday?
situation.
6. When will you be doing your home3. It is commonly believed that certain
work?
factors may increase the likelihood
7. Where will she be staying in Germathat a phobia will develop.
ny?
4. Many phobias are based in real-life
8. I wonder what we will be doing there.
events.
5. It is possible that culture plays role in 9. Where do you think you will be living
in ten years ?
phobia development.
10.He will be working as a policeman.
1. A phobia is an irrational and exces- 5. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Future Perfect
Tense kullanarak doldurunuz
sive fear of an object or situation.
2. Phobic symptoms can occur through 1. I will have sent the e-mail by tomorrow morning.
exposure to the fear object or situa-
84
2. The holiday will have finished by to- 7. Don’t phone grandma now, she will
morrow.
be sleeping.
3. Ayla will have made the cake by the 8.I promise I will have done all my
time we arrive home.
homework by the weekend.
4. They will have built the 8. dam by
2023.
5.Next week, all my exams will have
finished so I will get a deep breathe.
6. We won’t have gone out. We will stay
at home.
7. Will you have finished university next
year?
8. Will your cousin have gotton married
by the month?
9. Emre will have repaired his motorbike by four o ‘clock.
10.We will have written the report by tomorrow.
6. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “Future Continuous Tense” ya da “Future Perfect
Tense” kullanarak doldurunuz.
1.Don’t come early in the morning, I
will be sleeping.
2. You can come in the afternoon, I will
have finished working.
3. I think we will be living in the same
city in the future?
4. I’m visiting Egypt at the moment; at
the end of my trip I will have travelled
more than 3000 km.
5.By the time he comes we will have
finished the meeting.
6. Don’t phone at 9 o’clock. We will be
watching “Who Wants to be a Millionaire.”
9.This time next month she will be
having holiday in İzmir.
10.I will have been married for ten years
by October 25th.
TEST
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. C
15. B
16. D
17. A
18. D
19. B
20. C
21. A
22. C
23. C
24. B
25. D
85
UNIT TWO CEVAP ANAHTARI
Part One
1. Many people in the United States
think naps are a waste of time.
1.Yes, people who take a nap feel
more alert.
2. No, it isn’t. / No, it is unusual.
2. Companies are seeing the benefits of 3. They feel more awake, more willing,
a short afternoon nap.
and are better at solving problems.
3. After a short nap, people wake up 4. No, it isn’t. / No, napping isn’t unusual for pilots.
feeling more energetic.
4. Naps are not acceptable in today’s 5. Yes, it may. / Yes, nap break may be
common in the future.
work life.
5. After a nap, employees are more pro- Part Two
ductive.
4. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “If clause type
0” kullanarak doldurunuz.
2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki 1. Water freezes if the temperature falls
boşlukları parçada geçen uygun
below zero.
2. The clock doesn’t work if the battery
1. In Arabian countries, Spain and Latin
is flat.
America, most businesses close for a
3. If the camera is on, a green light apcouple of hours in the afternoon.
pears.
2. In the European countries and in the 4. If balloon is filled with hot air, it rises.
United States most people work 8 or
5. If a water boils, it changes into steam.
9 hours a day with a lunch break and
6. If you have a headache, take an aspione or two short coffee breaks.
rin.
3. Most adults are getting less sleep
7. If you are ill, go to the doctor.
than they need.
8. If it rains, the grass gets wet.
4. Managers say that after a nap, wor 9. If you do not eat for too long, you die.
kers work more effectively in less
10. If ice drops in water, it floats.
time.
5. Some companies even have nap ro- 5. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “If clause type
oms.
1. I will be happy, if you visit me.
2. The teacher will get angry if I forget
to do my homework.
86
3. If I go home late my dad will get
angry with me.
4. If you study hard, you will pass the
exam.
5. If you miss the train, you will have to
take the bus.
6. If Ayşe find her cat, she will take it
back home.
7. We will go swimming if the sun shine.
8. I will help you if you are in need.
9. You will get good marks if you will
work regularly.
10.If it rain tomorrow, we stay at home.
1.If we had a yacht, we would sail all
around the world.
10. If I have money, I would lend it you.
1. If you had eaten less chocolate, you
would have been healthier.
2. If we had practiced, we would have
won the mach.
3.If the referee had seen the foul, he
would have given a penalty
4. If it would start had not started to
rain, we would have walked together
on the beach.
5. If we had gone to the cinema, we would have seen the film.
6. If you had taken a taxi, you would
have arrived on time to the meeting.
2. If I were younger, I would learn kara- 7. Linda would not have hurt her foot if
she had not fallen from the stairs.
te.
3. If we told this to the teacher, he wo- 8. If it had been warmer, we would have
sat in the garden.
uld get very angry.
4. I would buy a new car if I had enough
money.
9. If you had told me the way correctly,
I would not have arrived so late.
5. If she have had a mobile phone, she 10.If it had not rained all the weekend,
we would have gone trekking
would phone all her friends.
6. The engine woold in start if I not re8. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “If clause type
pair it.
0,1,2 ya da 3” kullanarak dolduru 7. If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay
nuz.
here.
1. If I were stronger, I’d help you carry
8. If I felt better, I would go to the cinethe piano.
ma with you
2.I will travel to London if I find a cheap
9. You wouldn’t suffer so much if you
flight.
went to a doctor.
3.If I had seen you, I would have said
87
18. B
19. A
4.If you drop the plate, it will break.
20. C
5.If she had studied, she would have
21. D
passed her exam.
22. B
6.I would have come to your wedding
23. A
ceremony if I hadn’t been on holiday.
24. D
7.I would go to work by car if I had a
25. C
driving license.
hello.
8.If we had watched the news, we would have heard it.
9.I will earn a lot of money if I get that
job.
10.If you heat metal it expands.
TEST
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. C
11. C
12. B
13. D
14. A
15. B
16. C
17. D
88
UNIT THREE CEVAP ANAHTARI
2.You can usually get things for less
1. Credit cards have become an important part of today’s life.
3.Yes, it is. / Yes, using a credit card is
safe.
2. Credit cards give us the extra buying
power when we need it.
4.Yes, you can. / Yes, you cancel your
cards if they are stolen.
3.By having a credit card you don’t
have to carry large amounts of cash 5.They can become a huge financial
around with you.
burden if they aren’t used wisely.
4.Having a credit card can save you
4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları
money when used properly.
içindeki uygun kelimeler ile doldu 5. If credit cards aren’t used wisely they
runuz.
can become a huge financial burden
1.I will give you this compass so that
you can find your way in the forest.
2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun 2.We keep our vegetables in the fridge so that it doesn’t go bad.
1. Credit cards give us the extra buying 3. Emin is going to an English course in
order to learn English.
power when we need it.
2.You can usually get things for less 4. I have to wake up early since I won’t
miss bus.
3.In theory, credit cards are designed 5. Elif is putting on thick clothes because she catches a cold.
to help us.
4.Pay off your balance on all of your 6. Since he was interested in books, Ayhan went to the library regularly.
credit cards at the end of each
month.
7.I will phone you as soon as I arrive
there.
5.Don’t loan your credit or give out
your credit card information to an- 8. Students go to school in order to leyone
arn new things.
1. Credit cards have become an important part of our daily life.
9.You can’t learn English because you
study regularly.
10. The film was boring, so some of us
got bored and went out.
89
içindeki uygun kelimeler ile doldurunuz.
1.Meliha went to shopping in order to
buy a present for his husband.
2.Zeynep went to the market because
Sha wanted to buy same sugar
3.It surprised us that Mine got a high
mark from the exam since she was
not a hard working student.
4.Mehmet got a present from his teacher because he behaved good.
5. Due to the fact that Tom is innocent,
he was not arrested by the police.
6.The fat lady is taking exercises because she wants to lose weight.
7. Since I have not seen him yet, I will
phone him.
8. We listened for he told very interesting things.
9.I did not buy it because it was too expensive.
10.Because I spent all my money, I had
to walk home.
içindeki uygun kelimeler ile doldurunuz.
1. Put the key where you can find it easily again.
2. He let his son wherever he wanted to
go.
3.Let’s go to where they are waiting
for us.
4. Don’t move it. It can stay where it is.
5.If you are jobless you have to go
where you can a find.
90
6. Don’t forget to park your car as near
the pavement as you can.
7.The dog follows her wherever she
goes.
8. I try to visit wherever I can.
9. You don’t need to take your son with
you wherever you go.
10. Wherever you hide, the police will
find and arrest you because you are
guilty
TEST
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. C
12. B
13. D
14. B
15. A
16. C
17. A
18. A
19. D
20. B
21. C
22. D
23. B
24. A
25. A
UNIT FOR CEVAP ANAHTARI
1. Parçaya göre doğru olan kelimeyi
1964.
işaretleyiniz.
3. Douglas Engelbart invented the first
1.Computers and Internet is everymouse.
where, and it is loved and used by 4.The first personal computer was
everyone for everything.
made in 1983.
2. The 20th century is the age of chal- 5. Yes, the world wide web changed the
lenges.
way we trade.
3. Computers began to be a part of our
lives in the 80’s.
4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerin “active” ya da
“passive” olduğunu yazınız.
4. Engelbart’s mouse could only go to
one direction.
1.They often listen to classical music.
Active
5. The first computer had got 10 mb
capacities.
2. The car must be cleaned. Passive
2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun
3. His toys were broken in the garden.
Passive
4. Mr. Anderson teaches English. Active
5.The house is being cleaned by the
1.Americans used the computer wiservant. Passive
dely at the population census in The
6.Lots of houses were destroyed
United States.
by the earthquake in 1999 in
2. Turkey met with Eniac, the first comGölcük. Passive
puter in the year 1960
7.The food is going to be served at
3.Professor Abdullah Atalar made a
8pm. Passive
computer at Bilkent University by
8. The children were helped by the pochanging a black-white television
lice. Passive
into a computer screen.
9. You should study your lesson. Active
4. In 1989, the world wide web was pre10. Different vegetables were grown by
sented to the world.
a farmer in the south. Passive
3. Soruları, parçaya göre cevaplandı5. Aşağıdaki cümleleri “Passive Voice’ a
rınız.
çeviriniz.
1. It was 167 square meters big.
1. Döner was eaten by me.
2.The first mouse was invented in
91
2. My bike was taken by her.
3. The car is being washed by Ali.
4. The thief had been seen by Kerim.
5. The house was being cleaned by me.
6. She can be helped by us.
7. The car had been stolen by someone.
8. The vase has been broken by the
child.
9. The window was cleaned by Ayşe.
10.The meal had been eaten.
11.The game was being won by the
home team.
12.The whole story was told me by Rita.
13.A good mark wasn’t given me by the
teacher.
14.My last book hasn’t been published
by the publishing house.
15.The garden was watered by the gardener.
16.Her room had been cleaned by Şule.
17.İstanbul was conquered by Fatih Sultan Mehmet in 1453.
18.The papers were evaluated by the teachers.
19.The arrangements will be made tomorrow by the principle.
20.Medicine is taken by my father every
day.
TEST
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. D
18. D
19. C
20. C
21. B
22. A
23. B
24. D
25. D
92
GÜNEY KIBRIS
RUM YÖNET‹M‹
NÖC: Nahcivan Özerk Cumhuriyeti
(Azerbaycan)
İl merkezleri
Başkent (Ankara)
N)
(A
ZE N
RB .Ö
AY .C
CA

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