portugal 5813 - Biblioteca Digital do IPB

PORTUGAL 5813
CONTRllilUTION OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDlNG TO MEET EU 20-20-20 TARGETS
30 Oct > 1 Nov
I 2013 I Guimarães I PORTUGAL
Edltors
Luis Bragança
Manuel Pinheiro
Ricardo Maleus
tal
----._.
It11 lfs(~dÃO ~iiSBE
~
PORTUGAL
© 2013 The authors
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ISBN 978-989-96543-7-2
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I _I edition, October 20 I 3
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Contents
Forc\,",ord
Luís Bragança, Manuel Pinheiro, Ricardo Mateus
Chaptcr 1: Ncarly Zero Energy Buildings
Cost optimal building rcoovatioo with a nct zero cnergy target for the Portuguese
single-family building stock built before 1960
Mal1uela Almeida, Marco Ferreira, Micael Pereira
3
Zero-Energy-Buildings and their arrangement in Zero-Energy-Urban-Quarters in
differcnt climates: Derivation af design strategies based on c1imatic parameters,
examples for building and urban quarter typologies and comparison with the existing
11
ODes
Udo Dierriclt, Franz Kieh!, Liana S/oica
The first phase af a zero emission concept for ao office building in Norway
Torhildul" Kristjansdottir, Sofie Mellegárd, Tor Helge Dokka. Berit Time,
Matthias Haase, Jens Tonnesen
19
Assessing design practices tawards nearly zero energy buildings
Patricia Morais. Ana Tomé
27
Cast aptimality and nZES target in the renavatian af Partuguese building stack,
Rainha Dana Leanar neighborhaad case study
Manuela Almeida. Ana Rodriglles, Marco Ferreira
35
Energy Perfannance af a Galician Hastel
Ruth Domi1lgllez Sanchez, César Bedoya Fl1Itos
43
Manitaring af lndoar Climate af a Net Zero Energy Office in Flanders
Griet Verbeeck, Elke Meex
51
The qualifications and prafessianal campelencies af architects an the energy
efficiency afbuildings, Are thcy prepared ta embrace the 2020 targets?
Sílvia Fernandes, Rui Oliveira, Maria IsabelAbreu
59
Chapter 2: Policies for Sustainable Construction
Including sustainability inta partfolio decisions: The example af the University af
Vienna
Sigrid Niemeier, Harald Peterka
69
"
1
Sustainable Construction Key Indicators
Ca/arino Araújo, Luís Bragança, Manllela Almeida
505
Chaptcr 7: Rcnovation and Retrofitfing
Renovation project / sllstainable rehabilitation centre headquarters district orPartaPortugal.
Lurdes Duarte, Luís Narciso, Luis Calixto
515
StrJtegies for regeneration ofwidespread building heritage in Italy
Paola Piermattei
523
Environmental Impacts af Elementary School Building Renovation - Comparalive
Studies
Ji,.; Sed/ák, ZUZQnG Slránská, Kare/ Struhala, Pelr Jelínek
531
Regenerative Universities? The role ofUniversitics in Urban Regeneration Slralegies
Duarte Marques Nunes, Ana Tome, Malluel Duarte Pinheiro
539
The integration ofsustainable solutions in Portugucsc old building architecture
Rui Oliveira, Maria Isabel Abrell, Jorge Lopes
547
The Collective Self-Organized (eSO) housing approach: improving the quality of life
towards nearly zero energy strategics
Silvia BI1l110rO
Technologies, strategies and instruments for encrgy retrofitting of historie eities
Carola Clemente, Federica Cerroni, Paolo Civiero, Paola Piermal1ei, Mauro
COl'setti, Pielro Mencagli, Leonardo Giannini
565
The inhabitable greenhouse
]vIatlIilde Petri, Mel1e RasJ11l1ssen
573
Criteria ror thennal rehabilitation ofhatels in Oran e anaria
Maria Eugenia Armas Cabrera, Jaume Avellaneda Diaz-Grande
581
Optimization ofthe sustainability during the refurbishment operation ofa residential
building
Isabel Matel/s, Ricardo !vIatel/s, Sandra Monteiro da Silva
589
Thennal Rehabilitation for l-ligher Comfort Conditions and Energy Efficicnt
Buildings
Mihai Cinco, Diga Bancea
597
Energy efficient envelope for renovation of terraccd housing
Andrea Boeri, Jacopo Gaspari, Danila Longo
xiv
555
605
Chapler 7 • Renovalion and Relrofilling
The integration of sustainable solutions in Portuguese old
building architecture
Rui Oliveira
Pol)'lecJmic Instirlllc 01 Bragança, DepartmclII olConstrllcf;on and P10l/JIillg, Bragança, Porfllga/
rolivcira@ipb.pt
Maria Isabel Abreu
Po/yfcc/mic Illslitll1e o[Bragança, Depar/ment o[ColIs/l'flctiol1 and Plmll1;ng. Bragança, Portugal
isabrcll@ipb.pl
Jorge Lopes
PolytccJlllic IlIStillllCo[ Bragança, Depor/ment o[ColIstrucl;OI/ and Plannillg. Bragança, POl"IIIgal
lopes@ipb.pt
ABSTRACT: The lo\\' energy renovatian of hislorical buildings is always a chaUenge for pro·
fessionals. The recasl EPBD allows the member states nol to apply grcat parI ofits requiremenls
to these kind af buildings and lhis has becn nol considered fundamental in building energy·
renovarion policies. This research aim5 lo make an avervic\V of possible suslainable and low
energy so lutions for these buildings as weU as intcnd to focus on how deep (hese solutions has
bccn implemented 50 far on Portuguese building renovalion projeets. Seven ease studies, sup·
ported by lhe analysis af seven renovalion design projects, were condueted, eomplemented by
in.deep expcrt interviews. This study shed more light to lhe faet Ihat it is possible lo inlegrate
these solulions and also lhal it is nol common to adopt Ihem in old building renovations. This
study make obvious Ihat there is an increasing awareness of professionals involved about lhe
imoortance of this issue.
I lNTRODUCTION
Thcre is a growing recagnition oflhe architectural and cultural valuc ofbuildings in historie city
cenlers. Gradually govemments recognize the eontribution that built cultural heritage makes lo
lhe social well·being of different groups living in viii ages and cities (Tweed & Sutherland
2007). However, there are a great number of abandoned old buildings in many city ccnlers. Portugal, unfortunalely, has many of these examples. The historie eity eentcrs problems and lhe
barriers to its renovarion are Ihoroughly known. The visible levei af deterioratian, the dccrcase
of building indoar habitability canditions and the real estale specu lati on are cxamples. Portu·
gucsc social and urban planning policies and regulalions have been over lhe years less focuscd
on the increase of the building renovation but more directed to new buildings. So far, govcrnments did nol affer lhe suffieient poIicy 10015 to eneaurage the maintcnance af privately owned
hi storie buildings. Nevertheless, there are some signs of a growing interest on historie centers by
some specific social groups, as for example, univcrsity students and young cauples. According
to Queirós (2009) lhe hisloric city centers provide uncountable benefits and opportunities, since
they can be enjoyable living places in an historie and cultural environrnent, havc a strong pOlen·
tiaI for laurism activities, can be attractive both cammcrcial and services areas and can offer lo·
cal cmployment oppartunities, Ihus helping local economy. Teller & Bond (2002) considers that
is crucial lo fouod new socio·economic uses for heritage buildings areas, in order to mainlain
Ihem in sustainable aerivity cycles.
On the other hand, suslainablc buildings became nawadays lhe key to addressing multiple
challenges despitc much af lhe faeus 50 far has beco maioly 00 cnergy cfficient issues. Meijer ct
0.1. (2009) cansiders Ihat exisling building stock will continue to dominate for the nex! years and
ilS sustainable renovation is needed mainly for its energy·saving pOlentia!. BUI in an holi stic
painl af view, lhe rcnovalioo of old buildings should embrace energy efficiency, low carbon
emissions, hannonized relalionship with lhe surraunding enviranment, cosI effcetiveness, eco·
nomic viability, and social equity and cultural identity (Yung & Chan, 2012).
547
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Portugal 5813 - Conlribulion Df Suslainable Building to Meel EU 20-20-20 Targels
2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
The focus of Ihis paper, as a part of a wide research titled "Renovation managemenl in urban
historic centers", is to give an evidence-based image of how deeply the subjects related with
sustainability, cnergy efficiency and bioclimatic solutions are been implemented in the Porluguese old building renovation design projects. At lhe samc time, possible sustainable and low
encrgy solutions are proposed.
In order to reach the aim of this study, a Iilerature review on scientific literature, political
documents, national and intemational reports and data bases was held. Following, this research
was divided in two different phases and lwo difTerent data sources, in arder to ensure wellfounded and reliable data. An analysis of seven case studies was the lirst step. Seven different
building renovation design projects, \Vere reviewed and objecl of a comparative analysis. Only
one of the seven design projects was near to be complete and there \Vas missing data in most of
lhem due lo lhe fact that nol alI parls/spccialties of lhe design project were available. Due to the
lack of infonnation on Lhe design projects and for achieve more accurate dala, expert interviews
to a group of se1ected stakeholdcrs were held. The inlervicws involved Portuguese archiLects
and civil engineers. The interviewers work mainly in dcsign project activitics, construction
management and supervision of old building renovation. The possible answcrs 10 the questions
were "YES" or "NO" and additionally they could write some comments. It was only possible to
make lifteen interviews in a group of forty potential stakeholders because twenty five did not
reply.
Chapter 7 - Renovation and Retrofilling
sources reutilizatian; use renewuble and recycled resources; protect natural environrnent; create
health and not toxic environrncnt and develop quality comfort in lhe built environrnent.
Addressing the latest Portuguesc Law 32 (2012) lhat regulales Portuguese urban and planning rcnovatian activities it is cvidence-based lhe cancem about sustainability. This legal
framework rcfcrs that is important to: promote buildings energy efficiency; improve habitability, functionality and comfort indoor conditions; bring up lo date infrastructures and regenerate
city gardens; develop conditions to walk and increment the bicycle transport use; protect cultural historic and heritage as identity and culture value and promote Lhe environmental, social and
economic sustainability in urban arcas.
The ICOMOS (lntemational Council on Monuments and Sites) (2003) also propose technical
recommendations and guidelines to adopt particularly in old buildings and heritage protected
arcas. The most relevant are: make prelirninary studies of the building conservation levei; reduce lhe inlervention impacl to maximum and focus on the replacement of deteriorated parts;
identify lhe problems and define potential solutions; make the compatibility between new and
existing materiais; promote the reversibiliLy and maintain lhe original constructive techniques;
improve the energy perfonnance and cornfort leveis; develop water reduce consumptions and
energy efficiency solutions; respecl the building \ife cyc\e and promote maintenance and conservation policies; preserve elements with recognized cultural and historie interest; prefer deconstruction techniques in case of demolition and idcntify the problems and conslraints to reduce risks and unexpecled situations.
3.3 AlI overview of suslainabiliry stralegies on buildillg COl1serl'alioll and renovalion
3 MAIN CHARACTERlSTICS OF BUILDlNG STOCK AND RENOVA TlON CONCEPTS
3.1 Historical and old building stock doIa
European statistics reveals that 14% of European building-stock dates before 1919 and 12% between 1919 and 1945 (Euroconstruct 2013). According to lhe most rccent available data [rom
INE (2013), Portugal has 5 878 756 accommodations in a total of 3518 152 buildings. 01d
buildings, built before the year 1945, represenl 14,4% ofthe Portuguese building stock. The Table I represents a relation bctween these type ofbuildings and their repair needs.
It is estimated that 10,6% af Partuguese existing building stock built before 1945 does nol
have cQncrete struclure. From a total of305 696 old buildings built between 1919 and 1945, 135
596 have concrete structure and masonry walls with concrete slabs. There are 268 633 old
buildings (7,58%) built before 1945 with repair needs and there are 40 136 buildings (1,13%)
with a high levei of degradation. In total there are 308 769 old buildings with renovation needs,
which is 8,71% oftolal Portuguese existing building slock. On energy use matters, Meijer et aI.
(2009) found Ihat in most buildiogs statistics it is usually lo found no data available.
3.2 Sustainabilily and energy efjiciency as recommendations for buildillg renova/ion
According to the ISO 13822:20 I O (20 I O), lhe sustainable construetion principIes are applied
when existing materiais and structures can be reutilized, instead of replaced by new ones, followiog building life cycle principies. The sustainability and energy efficieney issues are inc1uded in the agenda of many European govemments and therefore it is nowadays common to
found these issues as a part of many regulations, policy documenls and several associations
documents and reports.
According to Plessis (2002) the sustainable practices could be more expressive using the following construction sustainable principies, published in lhe First World Conference About Sustainable Construction (Kibert 1994), such as: minimize resources consumption; maximize re-
548
Renovating an old and historical building is a demanding challenge for professionals. Fielden
(2003) refers seven different leveis of aclion in an old building: deterioration prevention, preservation, consolidation, restoration, rehabilitation, rcproduction and reconstruction. According
to Paiva (2006) the renovation can comprise simple tasks as paintings, small repairs, modification of indaor space functions and demolilion af some simple building parts ar be more complex, such as, reconstruction ar restoration. A well-done preliminary diagnosis is a crucial support instrument for the correct decision. The ICOMOS (2003) define historical buildings
renovation as the ''process lo brillg a buildillg to a new use orfimc/ion, withOll1 change lhe porlions oj'lhe building [hal are sigllificanl lo its historical value". These praetice represents an opportunity to make possible a contemporary use of the buildings. This activity require specific
and multidisciplinary knowledge, which success depends 00 a eoordinated and efficient management effort between conservation, technical and urban devclopment professionaIs and experts. Today, some authors use the tenn adaptive reuse ofbuildings. "!I is aj'or}1/ oj'stlslainable
lIrban regeneration, as it e:'(lends lhe buildillg 's lije and avoids demo/ilion was/e, encollrages
rel/ses of lhe embodied energy and also provides signijicanl social and economic benefits".
(Yung & Chan, 2012). Adaptive reuse ofhisloric buildings has increasingly emerged in urban
conservation, in particular in the developing countries howcver it is more difficult than lhe reuse
of ordinary buildings because need to have minimal impact on the building heritage value. Santoli (2003) refers that building maintenance and restoration are an important contribution to sustainability. This author is from the opinion Ihat "lhe productioll alld lhe I/se of energy lIsing high
ejjiciency stralegies, when approprialely developed, may represe11l an importanl tool for lhe
protection and cOllsen1ation ofthe cultural heritage". He also believes lhat this attitude makes
possible the suecessful integration of technological solutions and the improvement of the conservation conditions, considering energy efficiency as the proper tool to be used in the conservation of cultural heritage. Nevertheless, there are heritage consultants that point out that conservation principIes are lhe prime concem and that environmental performance criteria is nol lhe
most important consideraLion in the renovation ofbuilt heritage (Yung & Chan 2012).
Nonetheless, lhe recast Energy Perfonnance Building Direetive allows the member states nol
to apply the requirements to buildings and manuments officially protected ar having an architectural ar historic value ar even being part of a particular environment ir this could alter their
identity and appearance. In result af that, the predisposition of the slakeholders involved is normally not to apply low energy solutions to lhis group of buildings beca use they not feel it is
rnandatory. One important thing to underline is lhat many old buildings use vemacular arehitecture. This means lhat they make use of one or another passive principIes adapted to the local
549
Portugal 5B13 - Conlribulion of Suslainable Building lo Meel EU 20-20-20 Targets
c1imate but this is usually nol enough to gct more dose to the energy efficiency leveIs of new
buildings.
. . ,
After this considerations, the question is: it is reasonable to Invest In lhe energy renovatiOn of
historie buildings? Troi (20 11) considers that ftnding conservation-compatible solutions for the
energy renovations of historie buildings enhances long-tenn-c~nservation and sm~ta~nable management of these buildings and urban eenters. This author esttmated l?a.t old b~lidmgs energy
renovation in the EU-27 can save 180 Mt C02 within 2050. Although tt IS a major challenge to
renovate energy-inefficient old buildings to lower energy consumption attending its very specific demands it ofTers better thennal comfort and increase property value. There are some European countries \Vere this started lo be a current praetice some years ago ~n~ where some on~o­
ing projects, that include experts, industry partners and stakeholder asso:lU~iOns, are .developl~~
passive and active energy-renovation solutions for historie and old bUlldmgs (Trm & Lolhm
2011).
3.4 BOITiers to building renovatioll
As in renovation in general, the specific markct of conservation and renovation of old buildings
faces particular barriers. The complex rennvation af these buildings have, unti~ today, contributed to the building of a barricr betwecn professionals active in the field (Sanloh, 2003).
For Portugal, Caias (2007) identified the following barriers: heritage protection is not sufficiently recognized by the govemments and institutional bodie.s as an ide~tity of the count~ cu 1ture; there are reduced knowledge and practices of canservatlOn and mamtenance; there IS lack
of tailored laws and policies, mainly for financing these activities; there are insufficient competencies of project designers; there is a widespread idea that new construction is easier then renovation and that gives a better cost-benefit relation; many situations observed demonstrate a lack
of qualificd professionals to implcment sustainable solutions and .Iack of adequat~ know-how on
traditional construction techniques and finally there are not sufficlent R&D an thlS field.
At an European levei, sludies (Mcijer 2009, BPIE 2011) confinn as barriers the laek of
knowledge and experience, the nol convincing eost-benefit relation for the investor, the inappropriate produets that are geared mostly towards new construetion and few best-practice exampies.
Chapler 7 - Renovation and Retrofilling
Table 3. Possible building sustainable solutions for renovation
Solulions
Description
Land use
- Building renovalion happens in urban consolidaled arcas and uses local infraslruclures and lherefore helps lo preserve virgin soils.
\Vater consump- - It is important lo reuse waler (rain waler and grny waler) to use on gardens and lo
flush loilel wasle. Reduce the pressure leveis, re-arrange lhe piping syslem and intion
stall other efficient equipmcnts (waler reduction laps, automalic and Ihennoslatic
taps) are also good slralegies.
Energy
- The energy efflclCncy can be aehleved by applylOg: photovoltalc panels on rools
(which. if possible, should nol be visible from the street); an energy certification
process lo promote the compatibilily belwcen cxisting and ncw solutions wilh the
preservntion af cultural and historienl elements and solar collectors for DWH.
Monítoring and
- The energy and water eonsumptions should be manitored with appropriate systems
mninlenanee
following a maintennnce plano
User's guide
- Therc should bc a building user's guide.
Sustainablc ccrti- - Sustainable certihcatlOn can be done by assessing other sustainable methods (Leed,
fieation
Breeam, SbTool, LiderA, elc) were lhe sustainability leveis depcnd on lhe suSlainable solutions adopted.
With the propose of reaching similar energy perfonnanee requirements as those established
for new buildings, it is possible to adopt in old buildings a range of passive and active energyrenovation-solutions. The implementation of the solutions mentioned above in old buildings
needs interdisciplinary cooperation and supplementary effort because normalIy standard solutions eannot be used. Conslraints and building architectural character must be studied carefully
and the option for reversible solutions are a kind of important practice that helps to preserve
building identity.
The Tables 4 and 5 disdose passive solar solutions according to Stcvcn Winter Associates
(1997) which have applieability and are compatible with old buildings architecture.
architecture
4 THE INTEGRATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE SOLUTlONS IN OLO BUILDINGS
4.1 SlIstaillable and energ)'- renovatioll building solutions
It is recognizcd that the constructian teehnologies for renovation are relatively new and, unfortunately, most R&D and products development is direeted loward new construetion. The growing tendency of the building rennvalion market probably will stimulate, in a near future, lhe developrnent of ncw products, that can also be used in historic buildings. Accarding to Kibert
(2005) there are some sustainable solutions that are possible to apply (Tablcs 2 and 3).
I and olhers. Adop'ÜiOOlDtic switches, temporized
00"
MateriaIs
Constructive
technologies
550
ones.
new
reversibilily; dccanstruclion; contain
composition and other
standards d.uring life cycle (l?W waler and cner.gy
consumplion and reduced CO 2 emissions leveis m lhe manufactu~mg.' transport, mam.
tenance and recycling) and be produced ncar from the local of apphcatlOn..
_ The existing building lechnologies must be preserved and protectcd. ThlS actlOn can
promote: reduetion of materiais and construction resource.s; .reduced a~~unt of construetion and demolition waste; budget savings and more bUlldmg authentlclty preservation.
Direct
gains
Thennal
storage
wall
(Trombe
wall)
- In winler the movable insulation is open during
the day to allow heating store in noors and walls
and closed at nighl.
- With south orientation it is advisable to cover
windows and doors during summer with shading
devices or movable insulation, which sometimes
is difficult to compalible wilh the preservation of
existing building solutions.
- In summer is possible to use internai movable
insulatian, ensuring air circulalion between this
device and lhe window.
. , . : ,.,
\ 1
~
,
.... \
>1",,,·,.11,
n",no>l "'n J)
n .......huN
11<."", W~fa ' OI" " rTIK"'ul .... h>l
- During winter is possible to collect and store
heat during the day to be lransferred gradually to
the indoor space, heating the room.
- South oricntation behind a window or a door is
thc best practice. Protection wilh solar shading
systems or another insulation is important.
- Thc integration is possible in eXIsting windows
or doom that are nol usually opened, preserving
existing materiais and outside appearance.
551
•
Chapter 7 - Renovalion and Retrofllling
Portugal 5813 _ Contributlon af Sustainable Building lo Meet EU 20-20-20 Targets
Table 5. Solar passive solutions compatible with old buildings architecture
System
Descriptions
_ Good solution for the stora~e. distnbution and
control of lhennal encrgy dunng the heating seasono
_ There are some examples in vemacular architecture and it is possible to adapt contempornneous
solutions to old buildings: sunspaces, bow winAttached
dows and others.
sunspace
and "Other suslainable solutions" appears in anly aoe design project. Fivc ofthe sevcn projects
design did not use "Solar collectors DWH". The requirements 00 lhe "Energy efficiency Thennal performance" \Vere considcred in three af lhe total seven design projects. By lhe other
side, solutions related with "Energy efficiency - Complementary solutions", more in line with
equiprnents and mechanical systems, \Vere used in five design projects. One question cun be
made. Why thcre is a great number af design projects wilhout aoy type af implementation af
Figures
sustainable, bioclimatic and energy efficient solutions? Firstly, lhe sustainability issue is a relatively new cancem. Secandly, aoe af the desigo prajects is fram 2001, twa af them fram the
year 2011 and the remaining faur [Tom 2007 thus anly twa af lhe projects are relatively recent
and eveo in the mast recent design prajecls lhe rcduced allusian to sustainable solutians was
registered.
5.2 In-deep inten1iews lo slokeho/ders
_ The thennosyphon effect tmnsfers the heated air
in the channel again to the indoor space by an upper opening.
Convective _ During the night is necessary to insulate the
windows and close the openin~s.
loop
_ Easier solution for applying 10 existing windows
which preserve their original function and appearance by the outside.
Due to the lack of some important infonnation for research arter the design projeels analysis and
for aehieve more accurate data, it were made expert interviews to a group of selected stakehalders (Table 7). The interview's main rocus was in three ofthe topies.
The core questions, lhe results and the more relevant conclusians are in Tablc 8.
5 THE SUSTAINABILITY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PORTUGUESE OLD BUILDING
RENOVA TION DESIGN PROJECTS
5.1 Building renovation design projecls ona/ysis
Seven different topies were scleeted for the analysis orthe renovation design projects (Tnble 6).
Table 6. Topics- Design Project Analysis - SUSlainable solutions implementation
Topics
lndex
N.
_ Water reuse syslems
Waler reuse
SI
_ Solar co1lector systems for DHW
Solar eollectors Domestic I-Iot \Vater
S2
_ Microgeneration: photovohaic
Electrical energy production
S3
and wind turb ines
Suslainable S4
solutions
implemen- S5
tation
Energy efficiency - Thennal performance
Energy efficiency ~ Complementary solutions
S6
Bioclimatic solutions
S7
Other sustainable solutions
panels
_ Thennal regulations rcquiremenls
_ Natural day1ight. vcntilators. LED
lamps. hcating sy5tems with hiomass,
natural gas, geothcnnal
walls,
solaTrombe
riums/slInspaccs
_ Natural vcntilation, grcc n roofs, vegetation bnrricrs for wind protection
Table 7. Topics - Expcrt inlerviews
N.
Tapics
SI
\Vater reuse
Solar collectors D\VH
S2
Electric energy production
S3
Energetic efficiency - Thennal perfonnance
S4
S5 Energetic efficiency - Complemenlary solutions
Bioclimatie solulions
S6
Other sustainable solutions
S7
Data saurce
Inlerview - Question I
Thennal design praject
Electrical design project
Thennal design project
Electrical design project
Interview - Queslions 2 and 3
Interview Questions 2 and 3
Table 8. Inlerviews: Questions. resuIts and concJusions
N.
Question
Results and conclusions
_ Do you consider advantageous to im- - Answers: 93,3% YES and 6,7% NO.
plement waler reuse solulions on design - There is no doubt about the interest to implement
project, like automatic and thermoslatic waler reuse solutions which contribules lo a more
QI
taps and min water andJor gruy \Valer sustainable environmenla\ approach for the buildreuse?
ings.
_ Do you consider difficuIt to implemcnt - Answers lo Q2: 53,3% YES, 40% NO and 6,7%
in historie cenlers buildings bioclimatic without nny answer. Answers lo Q3: 100% YES.
solutions and other sustainable solutions - The majority of the interviewed consider the fact
Q2
different than conventional ones?
that being hisloric buildings represents a construint
and
to implement bioclimatic solutions (Question 2).
Q3
- Do you think is important in building - By the other side, al1 slakeholders consider unrenovalion to considerer suslainable and questionable to apply these solutions in building
renovation desig:n projects (Question 3).
bioclimatic design so\utions?
A resume ofthe results of the design projects analysis is presented in Figure 1.
6 CONCLUSIONS
l~O
'"'
..'"', "..
1";1
..»
1.1 -J,
---,
- -
]- - S1
..
- .",
-
51
- - - -
Sl
54
55
56
57
_ a) - Dcsign projccI without any reference lo sustainablc sollltions;
_ b) - Dcsign projecl with refercnces to sustaioable solulions;
Figure I: Results ofthe renovation design projecls analysis - sustainable solutions implementation
The building renovation design projeets reviewcd have not any referenee to "Eleclrical energy production" and "Bioclimatic solutions". Building solutions associated with "Water reuse"
Thc renovation of the historie centers and its buildings could be the opportunity to apply sustainable practices. Old buildings need conservation, indoor eomfort and better energy performance to reach lhe [unctionalities rcquired by lhe modem soeietics way of living. The studies
mnde so far consider that historie arehitecturc can orten be adapted to mcet modem requirements without losing heritage value and also that is one of the importanl strategies to reduce
carbon emissions. It is possibIe to implcment sustainable and energy cffieient soIutions keeping
social, historieal and cultural identity despitc this requires specifie technical knowledge from the
professionals involved.
The analysis of the building renovation dcsign projects demonslrated lhat it is not common
to adopt an energy efficient renovation approach in Portuguese historie and oId building renovation dcsign projects. The documents analyzed revealed interesting building solutions although
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Portugal 8 B13 - Conlribulion of 8ustainable Building lo Meel EU 20·20·20 Targels
mosl cammoo building soluli oos registered \Vere oot so different of conventional ones. The
analysis made shed more light to the fact that it \Vould be possible to implement even better and
more sustain able practices and therefore get more close lo lhe energy efficiency leveis of lhe
new buildings.
The study have demanstrated Ihat despite lhe majari ty af lhe professionals consider lhe historie conlext of these buildiogs as a barrier there is an evidenl awareness af architects and civil
engineers that is importaot to search for more know-haw and training to implerncnt sus tainabl e,
bioc1imatic and eoergy efficieot solutions in these type of buildings. Hawever, they are al so
[rom lhe opinion that it is possible to adapt these solutions but it is fun damental follaw a multidisciplinary approach between stakeholders, overcoming the gap between innovation and conservatioo ar rcnovation.
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