Challenges to Marine Functional Zoning in Xiamen

Presentation from the
2013 World Water Week in Stockholm
www.worldwaterweek.org
©The Author(s), all rights reserved
www.siwi.org
Xiamen University
Marine Functional Zoning in
Xiamen, China: Experiences and
Prospects
Fang Qinhua
qhfang@xmu.edu.cn
Coastal and Ocean Management (COMI), Xiamen University
World Water Week
9-1-2013
• Experiences of marine functional zoning in
Xiamen, China
• Challenges ahead and prospects
Facts of Xiamen (Amoy) and its waters
z Gate at the southeast of
Fujian Province, China
z Looking across the Taiwan
Strait
z Mouth of the Jiulong River
z a Special Economic Zone in
China since 1980s, annual
growth rate of GDP on average
in 30 years: 17.4%
CHINA
CHINA
z a harbor city and tourism
destination
z Land Area: 1699 km2
z Sea Area: 390 km2
z Coastline: 234 km
z Population: 3.6 million
lancelet
Chinese White Dolphin Horseshoe Crab
egret
Xiamen Port Cargo Throughput
FDUJR
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
10000TON
400
300
200
100
0
10000TEU
FRQWDLQHU
500
Tourism Development of Xiamen City
10^8Yuan
visit #
3000
350
2500
300
250
2000
200
1500
150
1000
100
500
50
0
0
WRXULVW
„Various
„Call
LQFRPH
human activities claim for more sea areas Æ inevitable conflicts
for management of sea space
„
Marine Functional Zoning is one of the key lessons learned to
…
…
Address existing conflicting sea uses: major function, compatible functions
Protect marine environment
Implementation of Xiamen Marine Functional Zoning Scheme
„
Sea use changes to a orderly sea
„
„
„
1998 mariculture Æ tourism in the Eastern Sea
1999 mariculture Æ port in Haichang
2001-2002 mariculture Æ tourism and port in the Western Sea
„
1999 Build up National MPA
„
Mangrove replanting
Reserve sea space for future uses
500 berths will be built.
Wuyuan Bay Development
Before
Yacht
After
z 2006, PEMSEA Gold Award for
Outstanding Performance in Coastal
Governance
z 2009, PEMSEA Recognition of Local
Government Excellence in
Sustainable Development of Coastal
Areas Through Integrated Coastal
Management
Xiamen: An ICM Journey (Second Edition),
PEMSEA, 2006
http://www.pemsea.org/publications/integrated-coastal-management
a Xiamen Integrated Coastal
Management (ICM) mode
(1994-)
from general concept to
concrete practice
based on the real
situation
• Legislation & Planning
• Coordinating Mechanism
• Integrated Enforcement
Mechanism
• Scientific & Technologic
Support
• Public Participation
Challenges and prospects
„
Use-Use conflicts / UseUse coordination
use sectors Æ landuse and sea use
… Sea
„
Coastal principal functional
zoning
… Crossing
administrative
boundaries
„
Use-Environment
conflicts/Pollution
pollution Æ Landbased pollution from
watershed upstream
… Local
„
„
Jiulong River-Xiamen Bay
Ecosystem Management
Strategic Action Plan
Ecological compensation /
payment for ecosystem
services in Jiulong River
Watershed (2003-): Xiamen
pays 30 m RMB to upstream
cities for water environmental
protection
„
MPA effectiveness
… VS
intensive human
activities
… VS Livelihoods of
local communities
More technical process …
„
How to make a wise zoning by strengthening the guiding principles
Characteristics of effective marine spatial planning
˄UNESCO, 2009˅
„
„
„
„
Technical closed process Æ public process with more participation
In the 2nd round rapid growth, how to avoid frequent change after
approved, e.g. changes due to coastal reclamation expansion
Enforcement
Monitoring and Evaluation – adaptive management
Sharing experiences with the world
World Ocean Week in Xiamen
•SPONSORS
•SOA, China
•UNDP China
•Xiamen Municipal Government
•PEMSEA
•Xiamen University
•China National Offshore Oil Corporation
(CNOOC)
•COMMISSION
•providing a working platform for intl
cooperation and communication among the
govts of coastal cities, natl agencies,
experts in marine sci & tech, members of intl
and inter-govtl orgs and of relevant marine
industries, enterprises and institutions
•THEME
•Development of Blue Economy-Opportunities, Cooperation and Win-Win
•
www.oceanweek.org
•DATE
•November 8 – 14, 2013
Be our guest in Xiamen this November!