COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS (CSEB)

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SUMMARY
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1. Introduction on CSEB
2. Basic data on CSEB
3. Comparison with other materials
COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS
(CSEB)
4. Examples of Eco Friendly buildings built by the
Auroville Earth Institute
For Eco-friendly Architecture
WHAT ARE CSEB?
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INTRODUCTION
CSEB are a mix of soil, sand, a stabilizer (often 5% of cement), and water.
They are compressed in a press (manual or motorised) and cured during 28 days.
CSEB are also called E’Blocks, as Eco-friendly, Economical, Earth block…
The term “block” is used to differentiate from “brick” which is usually fired.
Top soil is removed and only the deeper soil is extracted.
CSEB are used on all continents.
CSEB has been a major tool for the renaissance of earth architecture worldwide.
It is today the earth technology which is used the most worldwide and in Auroville.
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The Auroville Earth Institute became one of the world leader for the research and
development of CSEB technology.
MACHINERY FOR CSEB
MACHINERY FOR CSEB
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Many manual or motorised presses have been researched and developed worldwide.
Cinvara
m
Auram 240
Unata
The Auram press 3000 can produce about 75 blocks with 17 moulds.
Elson block
Master
Auram 3000
Altec Pact 500
Terrablock
Terstara
m
Hydrafor
m
MANUAL PROCESS
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Several series of blocks have been developed for various uses:
Hollow blocks for load bearing masonry
Solid blocks for load bearing masonry
Hollow interlocking blocks for disaster resistance
Hourdi for floors & roofs Round blocks for columns Tiles and special blocks
Variety of blocks produced by the Auram Press 3000
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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH 5% CEMENT
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BASIC DATA ON CSEB
Dry compressive strength σc
: 5 to 7.5 MPa
Wet compressive strength σc
: 3 to 4 MPa
Embodied energy per m3 of raw material : 572.58 MJ / m3
Carbon emission
: 51.53 Kg (CO2)/ m3
Thermal lag of 50 cm thick wall
: 12 hours
1 MPa = 9.81 Kg/cm2
All data with Auroville soil, after 28 days curing.
These mechanical characteristics are influenced by:
- Soil quality, manufacturing process and the quality and percentage of stabilizer.
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COST EFFECTIVE
COST EFFECTIVE
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CSEB are generally cheaper than fired bricks.
- No plaster is needed in most of cases
- Less mortar is required
- 5% of waste against 10% for fired bricks
A finished m2 of CSEB wall 240
is in Auroville
~25% cheaper than country fired
bricks
Cost comparison per m2 of CSEB and fired brick wall (Auroville, July 2011)
CSEB wall 24 cm thick = 861 Rs./m2 - Country fired brick wall 23 cm thick = 1076 Rs./m2
Cost in Rs./m2
CSEB is a very labour intensive technology
13 people per press for manual pressing
This gives job opportunities
This gives livelihood to people
This insures sustainability
Labour represents more than 40%
Cement and equipment are about 30%
Raw materials are less than 30%
INITIAL EMBODIED ENERGY
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The initial embodied energy of CSEB is in general less than other building materials.
COMPARISON WITH OTHER MATERIALS
CSEB are environmentally friendly as:
- No firing is required, but only curing (4 weeks with cement stabilization).
- Less transportation is required and production is most of the time manual.
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Value: Pondicherry area
CSEB consume 10.7 times less energy than country fired bricks
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CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
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Carbon dioxide emissions are in general less than other building materials.
They are mostly coming from cement stabilisation.
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EXAMPLES OF ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDINGS BUILT BY THE
AUROVILLE EARTH INSTITUTE
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Value: Pondicherry area
CSEB emit 12.5 times less carbon dioxide than fired country bricks !!!
50 tons of wood burnt for 100,000 country fired bricks !!!
Opportunity for Carbon Credits Revenue
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A FEW BUILDING EXAMPLES BUILT IN AUROVILLE
Visitors Centre – 1992 Hassan Fathy International Award for Architecture for the Poor
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13 apartments on 4 floors at Vikas Community
Vikas Community was a finalist for the “2000 World Habitat Award”
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Deepanam School near Matrimandir – CSEB vault 10.35 m span, 2.25 m rise
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House at the Auroville Earth Institute
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Realization Housing with 17 apartments
- CSEB and stabilised earth from foundations to roof
- Rainwater harvesting
- Wastewater biological system
- Earth tunnel for natural air conditioning
Low emission for construction and use
than conventional buildings and systems
4 times less initial embodied energy
3 times less operating energy
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Realization - 5 Apartments completed
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A FEW BUILDING EXAMPLES BUILT AROUND AUROVILLE
Realization - 8 Apartments under finishes
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Shakti Vihara School at Pondicherry, for 700 children
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Shakti Vihara School at Pondicherry, for 700 children
“Hermitage” for a priest
“Hermitage” for a priest
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Chinnakalapet near Auroville – “Hermitage” for a priest
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School and community centre at Marakkanam
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Sri Karneshwar Nataraja Temple near Auroville
Pointed cloister dome 6 m span and pyramid, built in 6 months
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Sri Karneshwar Nataraja Temple
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A FEW BUILDING EXAMPLES BUILT WORLDWIDE
1990 – Kinshasa, Zaire – School built in 2 weeks
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1996 – Istanbul, Turkey – House built in 8 days
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First prize
“2010 Award For Urban Heritage”
Al-Turath Foundation, Saudi Arabia
2008 – Jantanagar, Nepal – School built in 20 days with community participation
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AUROVILLE EARTH INSTITUTE
UNESCO Chair "Earthen Architecture"
BASIN South Asia
Auroshilpam, 605 101 Auroville, TN India
Tel.: +91 (0) 413 - 262 3064 / 262 3330
Fax: +91 (0) 413 - 262 2886
Email: earthinstitute@auroville.org.in
Website: www.earth-auroville.com
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2004 – Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – Al Medy Mosque built in 7 weeks
420 m2, 18.05 m high minaret
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