Leader-Herald PDF

Transcription

Leader-Herald PDF

I was born June 14, 1777. I am more than just cloth shaped into a design. I am the refuge of the world’ s
oppressed people. I am the silent sentinel of freedom. I am the emblem of the greatest sovereign nation on
earth. I am the inspiration for which American patriots gave their lives and fortunes. I have led your sons
and daughters into battle from Valley Forge; to the bloody ridges of Vietnam and to the sands of the
Persian Gulf. I walk in the silence with each of your honored dead to their final resting place beneath the
silent white crosses, row upon row. I have flown through peace and war, strife and prosperity, and amidst
it all I have been respected. My red stripes symbolize the blood spilled in the defense of this glorious
nation. My white stripes signify the burning tears shed by Americans who lost their sons and daughters.
My stars clustered together, unify the 50 states as one for God and country.
“Old Glory” is my nickname and proudly I wave on high. Honor me, respect me,
defend me with your lives and your fortunes. Never let my enemies tear me down
from my lofty position, lest I never return. Keep alight the fires of
patriotism and strive earnestly for the spirit of your republic,
and I shall remain the bulwark of
peace and freedom for all mankind.
a special supplement to
Flag Book, June 2015 • THE LEADER-HERALD
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HISTORY OF THE FLAG
The flag of the United States of America is one of the oldest of the national standards of the world,
older than the Union Jack of Great Britain or the Tricolor of France.
During the early days of the Revolutionary War, a variety of flags were used by the different colonies
and military commands. Prominent among these were the “Pine Tree” and “Rattlesnake” flags with various arrangements and mottoes.
Late in 1775, a committee of Congress with Benjamin Franklin at the head, after consulting with
Washington, then in command of the army at Cambridge, decided upon the form for a new flag. This
flag consisted of 13 stripes, red and white, with the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew on a blue field
in the canton, or union.
During 1776 and 1777 a number of flags with 13 stripes came into use, and the need of a definite national emblem was realized. On June 14, 1777, Congress passed an act stating:
“That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white, that the union
be thirteen stars, white in blue field, representing a new constellation.”
This was the birthday of the flag as we now know it, and June 14 is now celebrated as “Flag Day.” This
flag remained the national standard until 1795.
The first display of the Stars and Strips by the Continental Army was when the flag was hoisted over
Fort Stanwix, New York, on Aug. 3, 1777.
In the meantime, Vermont and Kentucky had become states, and on Jan. 13, 1794, Congress voted
that the flag should have 15 stripes and 15 stars. This flag remained in use for 23 years, and it was “The
Star-Spangled Banner” of which Francis Scott Key wrote in 1814.
In April 1818, Congress passed an act providing that the flag should have the 13 horizontal stripes,
alternate red and white, and that the union should display 20 stars, representing the number of states
then in the Union. It also provided that on the admission of every new state to the Union a star should
be added on the following July 4, and this has been the regulation ever since, accounting for the number of stars now shown.
“Established 1888”
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4
RATTLESNAKE FLAG
THE GADSDEN FLAG
The Gadsden Flag: The American Revolution
period was a time of intense but controlled individualism – when self-directing responsible individuals again and again decided for themselves
what they should do and did it without needing
anyone else to give them an assignment or supervise them in carrying it out.
Such a person was the patriot Col. Christopher
Gadsden of South Carolina. He had seen and
liked a bright yellow banner with a hissing, coiled
rattlesnake rising up in the center, and beneath the
serpent the same words that appeared on the
Striped Rattlesnake Flag – “Don’t Tread On Me.”
Gadsden made a copy of this flag and submitted
the design to the Provincial Congress in South
Carolina. Commodore Esek Hopkins, commander
of the new Continental fleet, carried a similar flag
in February 1776, when his ships put to sea for the
first time. Hopkins captured large amounts of
British cannon and military supplies in the Bahamas. His cruise marked the salt-water baptism
of the American Navy, and it saw the first landing
of the Corps of Marines, on whose drums the
Gadsden symbol was painted.
The rattlesnake was the favorite animal emblem of the
Americans even before the Revolution. In 1751 Benjamin
Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette
carried a bitter article protesting
the British practice of sending
convicts to America. The author
suggested that the colonists return the favor by shipping “a
cargo of rattlesnakes”. To remind the delegates of the danger
of disunity, the serpent was
shown cut to pieces. Each segment is marked with the name
of a colony, and the motto “Join
or Die” below. Other newspapers took up the snake theme.
Senator
HUGH T. FARLEY
33-41 E. Main Street, Johnstown, NY 12095
518-762-3721 • farley@nysenate.gov
BETSY ROSS
5
AMERICAN
FLAG
AND THE
Betsy Griscom Ross would often tell her children, grandchildren, relatives and friends of
the fateful day when three members of a secret committee from the Continental Congress
came to call upon her. Those representatives,
George Washington, Robert Morris and
George Ross asked her to sew the first flag.
This meeting occurred in her home some time
late in May 1776. Washington was then the
head of the Continental Army. Robert Morris, an owner of vast amounts of land, was
perhaps the wealthiest citizen in the Colonies.
Col. George Ross was a respected Philadelphian and also the uncle of Betsy’s late husband, John Ross.
had embroidered ruffles for his shirt bosoms
and cuffs, and that it was partly owing to his
friendship for her that she was chosen to make
the flag.”
In June 1776, brave Betsy was a widow
struggling to run her own upholstery business.
Upholsterers in colonial America not only
worked on furniture but did all manner of
sewing work, which some included making
flags. According to Betsy, General Washington
showed her a rough design of the flag that included a six-pointed star. Betsy, a standout
with the scissors, demonstrated how to cut a
five-pointed star in a single snip. Impressed,
the committee entrusted Betsy with the makNaturally Betsy already knew her husband’s ing of our first flag.
uncle and was also acquainted with the great
Gen. Washington. Not only did they both worship at Christ Church in Philadelphia, but her
pew was next to George and Martha Washington’s pew. Her daughter recalled, “That she was
previously well acquainted with Washington,
and that he had often been in her house in
friendly visits, as well as on business. That she
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NATIONAL
FLAG DAY
6
In 2011, June 14 marks the 234th birthday of the United States Flag.
In 1777, the Continental Congress
adopted the Stars and Stripes pattern for
the national flag. This would follow almost one year after the Declaration of Independence and more than a decade
before the U. S. Constitution was finalized.
Betsy Ross
• Born January 1, 1752
• She was the 8th of 17 children.
• At the age of 21, she eloped across the
Delaware River to Gloucester, New
Jersey, and was married to John Ross.
• Was widowed and married sea captain
Joseph Ashburn.
• She has been buried in three different
locations: Christ Church Cemetery,
Mt. Moriah Cemetery and now on
Arch Street in the courtyard adjacent
to the Betsy Ross House.
The Stars and Stripes first flew in a Flag
Day celebration in Hartford, Conn. in
1861, during the first summer of the Civil
War. The first national observance of Flag
Day occurred June 14, 1877, the center of
the original flag resolution. By the mid
1890s, the observance of Flag Day on
June 14 was a popular event. Mayors and
governors began to issue proclamations in
their jurisdictions to celebrate the day.
In the years to follow, public sentiment
for a national Flag Day observance
greatly intensified. Numerous patriotic societies and veterans groups became identified with the Flag Day movement.
In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation calling for a nation
wide observance of Flag Day on June 14.
It was not until 1949 that Congress made
this day a permanent observance by resolving “that the 14th day of June of each
year is hereby designated as Flag Day.”
The measure was signed into law by President Harry Truman. Although Flag Day
is not celebrated as a Federal holiday,
Americans everywhere continue to hone
the history and heritage it represents.
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7
“I PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE TO THE FLAG
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
AND TO THE REPUBLIC FOR WHICH IT STANDS,
ONE NATION UNDER GOD, INDIVISIBLE,
WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR ALL”
The Pledge of Allegiance received official recognition by Congress in an Act approved
on June, 22, 1942. However, the pledge was first published in 1892 in the Youth’s Companion magazine in Boston, Mass. to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the discovery
of America and was first used in public schools to celebrate Columbus Day Oct. 12,
1892.
In its original version, the pledge read “my flag” instead of “the flag of the United
States.” The change in the wording was adopted by the National Flag Conference in
1923. The rationale for the change was that it prevented ambiguity among foreign-born
children and adults who might have the flag of their native land in mind when reciting
the pledge.
Papa
The phrase “under God” was added to the pledge by a Congressional act approved
June 14, 1954. At that time, President Eisenhower said, “ In this way we are reaffirming the transcendence of religious faith in America’s heritage and future; in this way we
shall constantly strengthen those spiritual weapons which forever will be our country’s
most powerful resource in peace and war.”
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FLAG ETIQUETTE
8
DISPLAY YOUR FLAG PROUDLY
The Flag of the United States should be flown every day when weather permits. If
made of weather resistant material it can be flown around the clock in any weather if
properly illuminated.
The Flag should be flown especially on the following days and such other days as may
be proclaimed by the President of the United States and on State holidays.
NEW YEAR’S DAY
INAUGURATION DAY
LINCOLN’S BIRTHDAY
WASHINGTON’S BIRTHDAY
PRESIDENT’S DAY
EASTER SUNDAY
MOTHER’S DAY
ARMED FORCES DAY
MEMORIAL DAY
FLAG DAY
FATHER’S DAY
INDEPENDENCE DAY
LABOR DAY
CONSTITUTION DAY
COLUMBUS DAY
DISCOVERER’S DAY
NAVY DAY
MARINE CORPS BIRTHDAY
VETERANS DAY
THANKSGIVING
CHRISTMAS DAY
DISPLAY AND USE OF THE FLAG BY CIVILIANS
DISPLAY ON OR NEAR ADMINISTRATION
BUILDING OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
The flag should be displayed daily on or near the main
administration building of every public institution.
DISPLAY IN OR NEAR POLLING PLACES
The flag should be displayed in or near every polling place on election days.
DISPLAY IN OR NEAR SCHOOLHOUSES
The flag should be displayed during school days in or near every schoolhouse.
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RAISING AND LOWERING THE FLAG
FLAG ETIQUETTE
Joy is indicated by flying the flag at full staff. You hoist it briskly in the morning, but not
earlier than sunrise. You lower it slowly in the evening but not later than sunset.
Mourning is indicated by flying the flag at half-staff. You hoist it to the peak first, hold it
there for an instant and then lower it to half-staff, one-half of the distance between the top
and the bottom of the staff. When ready to take it down, you first raise it to the peak and
then lower it slowly.
On Memorial Day the flag should be displayed at half-staff until noon, then raised to the
top of the staff.
By order of the president, the flag shall be flown at half-staff upon the death of principal
figures of the United States government and the governor of a state, territory or possession
as a mark of respect to their memory. In the event of the death of other officials or foreign
dignitaries, the flag is to be displayed at half-staff according to presidential instructions or
orders or in accordance with recognized customs or practices not inconsistent with law. In
the event of the death of a present or former official of the government of any state, territory or possession of the United States, the governor of that state, territory, or possession
may proclaim that the national flag shall be flown at half-staff. The flag shall be flown at halfstaff 30 days from the death of the president or a former president, 10 days from the day
of the death of the vice president, the chief justice or a retired chief justice of the United
States, or the speaker of the House of Representatives, from the day of death until interment, a former vice president or the governor of a state, territory or possession; and on the
day of death and following day for a member of Congress.
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9
FLAG ETIQUETTE
10
RESPECT FOR THE FLAG
No disrespect should be shown to the flag of the United States of America.
The flag should not be dipped to any person or thing.
Regimental colors, state flags and organization or institutional flags
are to be dipped as a mark of honor.
1. The flag should never be displayed with the union down, except as a signal of dire distress
in instances of extreme danger to life or property.
2. The flag should never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, the floor, water or merchandise.
3. The flag should never be carried flat or horizontally but always aloft and free.
4. The flag should never be used as wearing apparel, bedding or drapery. It should never be
festooned, drawn back, nor up, in folds but always allowed to fall free. Bunting of blue,
white and red, always arranged with the blue above, the white in the middle, and the red
below, should be used for covering a speaker’s desk, draping the front of the platform and
for decoration in general.
5. The flag should never be fastened, displayed, used or stored in such a manner as to permit it to be easily torn, soiled or damaged in any way.
6. The flag should never be used as a covering for a ceiling.
7. The flag should never have placed upon it, nor on any part of it, nor attached to it any
mark, insignia, letter, word, figure, design, picture or drawing of any nature.
8. The flag should never be used as a receptacle for receiving, holding, carrying or delivering
anything.
9. The flag should never be used for advertising purposes in any manner whatsoever. It
should not be embroidered on such articles as cushions or handkerchiefs and the like,
printed or otherwise impressed on paper napkins or boxes or anything that is designed for
temporary use and discard. Advertising signs should be fastened to a staff of halyard from
which the flag is flown.
10. No part of the flag should ever be used as costume or athletic uniform. However, a flag
patch may be affixed to the uniform of military personnel, firemen, policemen, and members of patriotic organizations. The flag represents a living country and is itself considered a living thing. Therefore, the lapel flag pin being replica, should be worn on the left
lapel near the heart.
11. The flag, when it is in such condition that it no longer is a fitting emblem for display,
should be destroyed in a dignified way, preferably by burning.
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This famous name was coined by Captain Stephen Driver, a shipmaster of Salem, Mass., in
1831. As he was leaving on one of his many voyages aboard the brig Charles Doggett and this one
would climax with the rescue of the mutineer of the Bounty. Some friends presented him with a
beautiful flag of 24 stars. As the banner opened to the ocean breeze for the first time, he exclaimed
“Old Glory!”
Driver retired to Nashville in 1837, taking his treasured flag from his sea days with him. By the
time the Civil War erupted, almost everyone in and around Nashville recognized Captain Driver’s
“Old Glory.” When Tennessee seceded from the Union, rebels were determined to destroy his
flag, but repeated searches revealed no trace of the hated banner.
Then on Feb. 25, 1862, Union forces captured Nashville and raised the American flag over the
capitol. It was a rather small ensign and immediately folks began asking Captain Driver if “Old
Glory” still existed. Happy to have soldiers with him this time, Captain Driver went home and
began ripping at the seams of his bedcover. As the stitches holding the guilt-top to the batting unraveled, the onlookers peered inside and saw the 24-starred original “Old Glory”.
Captain Driver gently gathered up the flag and returned with the soldiers to the capitol. Though
he was 60 years old, he climbed up to the tower to replace the smaller banner with his beloved flag.
The Sixth Ohio Regiment cheered and saluted and later adopted the nickname “Old Glory” as
their own, telling and re-telling the story of Captain Driver.
Captain Driver’s grave is located in the old Nashville City Cemetery and is one of three places
authorized by an act of Congress where the flag of the United States may be flown 24 hours a
day.
WASHINGTON’S
FLAG 1775
This was the personal flag of the
Commander-In-Chief during the
Revolutionary War. A reproduction of
this flag flies today at Washington’s
Headquarters, Valley Forge, Pa.
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OLD GLORY
11
THE FIRST US FLAG 1777
12
The first official U.S. flag was a 13-star flag
that became the official United States flag
on June 14, 1777, and is the result of the
congressional action that took place on that
date. Much evidence exists pointing to
Congressman Francis Hopkinson as the
person responsible for its design. The only
president to serve under this flag was
George Washington (1789-1797). This flag
was to last for a period of 18 years.
THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER,
THE 15TH FLAG
The Star Spangled Banner flag became
the official United States flag on May 1,
1795. Two stars were added for the admission of Vermont (the 14th State on March
4, 1791) and Kentucky (the 15th State on
June 1, 1792), and was to last for 23 years.
The five Presidents who served under this
flag were George Washington, John Adams,
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and
James Monroe.
during the bombardment of Fort McHenry,
Sept. 13, 1814. The image above is representative of the actual flag that flew over Fort
McHenry on that day and which is now preserved in the Smithsonian Museum. Notice
the “tilt” in some of the stars just as in the
original Star Spangled Banner.
The 15-star, 15-stripe flag was authorized
by the Flag Act of Jan. 13, 1794, adding two
stripes and two stars. The regulation went
into effect on May 1, 1795. This flag was the
only U.S. Flag to have more than 13 stripes.
It was immortalized by Francis Scott Key
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THE 1818 FLAG - 20 STAR
Realizing that the addition of a
new star and new strip for each new
State was impractical, Congress
passed the Flag Act of 1818 which
returned the flag design to 13
stripes and specified 20 stars for the
20 states. This flag became the official United States Flag on April 13,
1818.
Five stars were added for the admission of Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana and
Mississippi and was to last for just one year. The only president to serve under this flag
was James Monroe.
THE 21 STAR FLAG
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This flag became the official United
States flag on July 4, 1819. A star was
added for the admission of Illinois
and was to last for just one year. The
only president to serve under this flag
was James Monroe.
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13
14
THE 50 STAR FLAG
Executive Order of President Eisenhower dated Aug. 21, 1959 provided for
the arrangement of the stars in nine rows and stars staggered horizontally
and 11 rows of stars staggered vertically. This is the current flag of the United
States. Hawaii was admitted as the 50th state on Aug. 21, 1959. The 27th flag
of the United States became the official flag on July 4, 1960. Nine presidents
have served under this flag: Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon
B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, Gerald R. Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald W. Reagan, George Bush, William J. Clinton and George W. Bush*.
* George W. Bush is only the fourth President to lose the popular vote but
win the presidency by means of the Electoral College. Andrew Jackson and
Grover Cleveland suffered the same setback as Al Gore but went on to win
in a later election. Samuel Tilden, the people’s choice in 1876, is the only
member of this elite group who shunned a comeback.
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The following document is known as the Federal Flag
Code. It prescribes proper display of and respect for the
United States flag.
This code does not impose penalties for misuse of the
United States flag. That is left to the states and to the federal government for the District of Columbia. Each state
has its own flag law.
The Federal Flag Code is the guide for all handling and
display of the Stars and Stripes. Here is the code in its entirety:
PUBLIC LAW 94-344 94th CONGRESS, S. J. Res.
49 July 7, 1976
To amend the joint resolution entitled "Joint resolution to
codify and emphasize existing rules and customs pertaining to the display and use of the flag of the United States
of America."
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled. That
the joint resolution entitled "Joint resolution to codify and
emphasize existing rules and customs pertaining to the display and use of the flag of the United States of America,"
as amended (36 U.S.C. 171-178), is amended SEC. 1 That the following codification of existing rules
and customs pertaining to the display and use of the flag
of the United States of America be, and is hereby, established for the use of such civilians or civilian groups or organizations as may not be required to conform with
regulations promulgated by one or more executive departments of the Government of the United States. The flag
of the United States for the purpose of this chapter shall
be defined according to title 4, United States Code, Chapter 1, section 1 and section 2 and Executive Order 10834
issued pursuant thereto.
SEC. 2 (a) It is the universal custom to display the flag
only from sunrise to sunset on buildings and on stationary
flagstaffs in the open. However, when a patriotic effect is
desired, the flag may be displayed twenty-four hours a day
if properly illuminated during the hours of darkness.
(b) The flag should be hoisted briskly and lowered ceremoniously.
(c) The flag should not be displayed on days when the
weather is inclement, except when an all weather flag is
displayed.
(d) The flag should be displayed on all days, especially
on New Year's Day, January 1; Inauguration Day, January
20; Martin Luther King, Jr. Birthday, third Monday in January; Lincoln's Birthday, February 12; Washington's Birthday, third Monday in February; Easter Sunday (variable);
Mother's Day, second Sunday in May, Armed Forces Day,
third Saturday in May, Memorial Day (half-staff until
noon), the last Monday in May, Flag Day, June 14; Independence Day, July 4; Labor Day, first Monday in September; Constitution Day, September 17; Columbus Day,
second Monday in October; Navy Day, October 27; Veterans Day, November 11; Thanksgiving Day, fourth Thursday in November; Christmas Day, December 25; and such
other days as may be proclaimed by the President of the
United States; The birthdays of States (date of admission;)
and on State holidays.
ON SAME STAFF
U. S. Flag at peak, above any other flag except a flag of
another nation.
GROUPED
U.S. Flag goes to its own right. Flags of other nations are
flown at same height.
(e) The flag should be displayed daily on or near the
main administration building of every public institution.
(f) The flag should be displayed in or near every polling
place on election days.
(g) The flag should be displayed during school days in or
near every schoolhouse.
SEC. 3 That the flag, when carried in a procession with
another flag or flags, should be either on the marching
right; that is, the flag's own right, or if there is a line of
other flags, in front of the center of that line.
(a) The flag should not be displayed on a float in a parade
except from a staff, or as provided in subsection (I).
(b) The flag should not be draped over the hood, top,
sides, or back of a vehicle or of a railroad train or a boat.
When the flag is displayed on a motor car, the staff should
be fixed firmly to the chassis or clamped to the right fender.
(c) No other flag or pennant should be placed above or,
if on the same level, to the right of the flag of the United
States of America, except during church services con- continued on page 16 -
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FEDERAL FLAG CODE
- continued from page 15 -
ducted by naval chaplains at sea, when the church pennant
may be flown above the flag during church services for the
personnel of the Navy. (See Public Law 107, page 4)
(d) The flag of the United States of America, when it is
displayed with another flag against a wall from crossed
staffs, should be on the right, the flag's own right, and its
staff should be in front of the staff of the other flag.
(e) The flag of the United States of America should be
at the center and at the highest point of the group when a
number of flags of States or localities or pennants of societies are grouped and displayed from staffs.
(f) When flags of states, cities, or localities, or pennants of
societies are flown on the same halyard with the flag of the
United States, the latter should always be at the peak.
When the flags are flown from adjacent staffs, the flag of
the United States should be hoisted first and lowered last.
No such flag or pennant may be placed above the flag of
the United States or to the United States Flag's right.
(g) When flags of two or more nations are displayed, they
are to be flown from separate staffs of the same height.
The flags should be of approximately equal size. International usage forbids the display of the flag of one nation
above that of another nation in time of peace.
(h) When the flag of the United States is displayed from
a staff projecting horizontally or at an angle from the window sill, balcony, or front of a building, the union of the
flag should be placed at the peak of the staff unless the flag
is at half staff. When the flag is suspended over a sidewalk
from a rope extending from a house to a pole at the edge
of the sidewalk, the flag should be hoisted out, union first,
from the building.
(i) When displayed either horizontally or vertically
against a wall, the union should be uppermost and to the
flag's own right, that is, to the observer's left. When displayed in a window, the flag should be displayed in the
same way, with the union or blue field to the left of the observer in the street.
(j) When the flag is displayed over the middle of the
street, it should be suspended vertically with the union to
the north in an east and west street or to the east in a north
and south street.
OVER A STREET
Union (stars) face north or east depending on the direction of the street.
U.S. Flag to marcher’s right (observer's left).
(k) When used on a speaker's platform, the flag, if displayed flat, should be displayed above and behind the
speaker. When displayed from a staff in a church or public auditorium, the flag of the United States of America
should hold the position of superior prominence, in advance of the audience, and in the position of honor at the
clergyman's or speaker's right as he faces the audience. Any
other flag so displayed should be placed on the left of the
clergyman or speaker or to the right of the audience.
(l) The flag should form a distinctive feature of the ceremony of unveiling a statue or monument, but it should
never be used as the covering for the statue or monument.
(m) The flag, when flown at half-staff, should be first
hoisted to the peak for an instant and then lowered to the
half-staff position. The flag should be again raised to the
peak before it is lowered for the day. On Memorial Day
the flag should be displayed at half-staff until noon only,
then raised to the top of the staff. By order of the President, the flag shall be flown at half-staff upon the death of
principal figures of the United States Government and the
Governor of a State, territory, or possession, as a mark of
respect to their memory. In the event of the death of other
officials or foreign dignitaries, the flag is to be displayed at
halfstaff according to Presidential instructions or orders,
or in accordance with recognized customs or practices not
inconsistent with law. In the event of the death of a present or former official of the government of any State, territory, or possession of the United States, the Governor of
that State, territory, or possession may proclaim that the
National flag shall be flown at half-staff. The flag shall be
flown at half-staff thirty days from the death of the President or a former President; ten days from the day of death
of the Vice President, the Chief Justice or a retired Chief
Justice of the United States, or the Speaker of the House
of Representatives; from the day of death until interment
of an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, a Secretary
of an executive or military department, a former Vice
President, or the governor of a State, territory, or possession; and on the day of death and the following day for a
Member of Congress. The flag shall be flown at half-staff
- continued on page 17 -
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on Peace Officers Memorial Day, May 15th, unless that
day is also Armed Forces Day.
As used in this subsection-
(1) the term "half-staff" means the position of the flag
when it is one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff;
(2) the term 'executive or military department' means any
agency listed under sections 101 and 102 of title 5, United
States Code; and
(3) the term 'Member of Congress' means a Senator, a
Representative, a Delegate, or the Resident Commissioner
from Puerto Rico.
(n) When the flag is used to cover a casket, it should be
so placed that the union is at the head and over the left
shoulder. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or
allowed to touch the ground.
(o) When the flag is suspended across a corridor or lobby
in a building with only one main entrance, it should be suspended vertically with the union of the flag to the observer's left upon entering. If the building has more than
one main entrance, the flag should be suspended vertically
near the center of the corridor or lobby with the union to
the north, when entrances are to the east and west, or to
the east when entrances are to the north and south. If there
are entrances in more than two directions, the union
should be to the east.
SEC. 4 That no disrespect should be shown to the flag of
the United States of America; the flag should not be
dipped to any person or thing. Regimental colors, State
flags, and organizations or institutional flags are to be
dipped as a mark of honor.
(a) The flag should never be displayed with the union
down, except as a signal of dire distress in instances of extreme danger to life or property.
(b) The flag should never touch anything beneath it, such
as the ground, the floor, water, or merchandise.
P.M. HALF-STAFF
On special days, the Flag may be flown at half staff. On
Memorial Day it is flown at half-staff until noon, then
raised to the top of the Flag pole always aloft and free.
(c) The flag should never be carried flat or horizontally,
but always aloft and free.
FEDERAL FLAG CODE
(d) The flag should never be used as wearing apparel,
bedding, or drapery. It should never be festooned, drawn
back, nor up, in folds, but always allowed to fall free.
Bunting of blue, white, and red, always arranged with the
blue above, the white in the middle, and the red below,
should be used for covering a speaker's desk, draping the
front of the platform, and for decoration in general.
(e) The flag should never be fastened, displayed, used, or
stored in such a manner as to permit it to be easily torn,
soiled, or damaged in any way.
(f) The flag should never be used as a covering for a ceiling.
(g) The flag should never have placed upon it, nor on any
part of it, nor attached to it any mark, insignia, letter, word,
figure, design, picture, or drawing of any nature.
(h) The flag should never be used as a receptacle for receiving, holding, carrying or delivering anything.
(i) The flag should never be used for advertising purposes
in any manner whatsoever. It should not be embroidered
on such articles as cushions or handkerchiefs and the like,
printed or otherwise impressed on paper napkins or boxes
or anything that is designed for temporary use and discard.
Advertising signs should not be fastened to a staff or halyard from which the flag is flown.
(j) No part of the flag should ever be used as a costume
or athletic uniform. However, a flag patch may be affixed
to the uniform of military personnel, firemen, policemen,
and members of patriotic organizations. The flag represents a living country and is itself considered a living thing.
Therefore, the lapel flag pin being a replica, should be
worn on the left lapel near the heart.
(k) The flag, when it is in such condition that it is no
longer a fitting emblem for display, should be destroyed in
a dignified way preferably by burning.
SEC. 5 During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the
flag or when the flag is passing in a parade or in review, all
persons present except those in uniform should face the
flag and stand at attention with the right hand over the
heart. Those present in uniform should render the mili-
- continued on page 18 -
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17
18
FEDERAL FLAG CODE
tary salute. When not in uniform, men should remove their
headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Aliens should stand at
attention. The salute to the flag in a moving column should
be rendered at the moment the flag passes.
SEC. 6 During rendition of the national anthem when
the flag is displayed, all present except those in uniform
should stand at attention facing the flag with the right hand
over the heart. Men not in uniform should remove their
headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Persons in uniform
should render the military salute at the first note of the anthem and retain this position until the last note. When the
flag is not displayed, those present should face toward the
music and act in the same manner they would if the flag
were displayed there.
SEC. 7 The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, "I pledge
allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and
to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God,
indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.", should be rendered by standing at attention facing the flag with the right
hand over the heart. When not in uniform men should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold it at
the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Persons in
uniform should remain silent, face the flag and render the
military salute.
SEC. 8 Any rule or custom pertaining to the display of
the flag of the United States of America, set forth herein,
may be altered, modified, or repealed, or additional rules
with respect thereto may be prescribed, by the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the United
States, whenever he deems it to be appropriate or desirable; and any such alteration or additional rule shall be set
forth in a proclamation.
FLAG TRIVIA
Answers on Page 21
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
SALUTE
Head bare (women and military leave hats on), right
hand over heart, standing at attention.
What is the National March of the United States?
If we get a 51st State, what will the stars look like?
Which president did not have a vice-president?
Who was the first lawyer to become first lady?
Who said, “Give Me liberty, or give me death?”
What was Abraham Lincoln’s middle name?
Name of the only president born on July 4?
Who designed our current flag?
Which state was the birthplace of most presidents?
What is an expert in the history of flags called?
H EAL
w ith u s!
99 E. State St., Gloversville, NY
518.725.8621 • www.nlh.org
F O R O U R C O M M U N I T Y. F O R Y O U R H E A LT H .
FOLDING THE FLAG
1. Two people, facing each other, hold the flag waist high and horizontally between them.
2. The lower striped section is folded, lengthwise, over the blue field. Hold bottom to top
and edges together securely.
3. Fold the flag again, lengthwise, folded edge to open edge.
4. A triangular fold is started along the length of the flag, from the end to the heading by
bringing the striped corner of the folded edge to meet the open edge.
5. The outer point is turned inward parallel with the open edge, forming a second triangle.
6. Repeat the triangular folding until the entire length of the flag is folded.
7. When the flag is completely folded, only the triangular blue field should be visible.
CARE OF YOUR FLAG
The life of your flag depends on your care. Dirt can cut fabrics, dull colors and cause
wear. Most outdoor flags can be washed in mild detergent and thoroughly rinsed. Indoor
and parade flags should be dry-cleaned. Many dry cleaners offer free cleaning of U.S.
flags during the months of June and July. Damaged flags can be repaired and used as
long as the overall dimensions are not noticeably altered. American Legion Posts and
local governments often have facilities to dispose of unserviceable flags. Store your flags
in a well ventilated area away from any harsh chemicals or cleaning compounds.
FLAG PRESENTATION
Presentation of the flag during a ceremony should be preceded by a brief talk emphasizing the importance of the occasion. Following the presentation, all present should
salute the flag, recite the Pledge of Allegiance and sing the national anthem.
STEET TOYOTA - S C I O N
Route 30A, Johnstown/Gloversville
762-7222
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19
20
THE FLAGS THAT
FLY 24 HOURS A DAY
Historical note: After the addition of the new House and Senate wings in the 1850s
to the U.S. Capitol, even before the great dome was completed in 1863,
photographs of the period show flags flying over each new wing and the central east
and west fronts.
The custom of flying the flag 24 hours a day over the east and west fronts was
begun during World War I. This was done in response to requests received from all
the country urging that the flag of the United States be flown continuously over the
public buildings in Washington.
Presidential proclamations and laws since that time authorized the display of
the flag 24 hours a day at the following places:
• Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine in Maryland, since
July 2, 1948.
• Flag House Square in Maryland since March 1954.
• United States Marine Corp Memorial (Iwo Jima) in Virginia since June 1961.
• On the green of the town of Lexington in Massachusetts since
November 1965.
• The White House in Washington since September 1970. Washington
Monument since July 1971 and 50 flags of the United States are displayed
at the Washington Monument continuously.
• United States customs ports of entry since May 1972.
• Grounds of the National Memorial Arch in Valley Forge State Park in
Pennsylvania since July 1975.
R J MORRISON
AGENCY INC
HOME • AUTO • BUSINESS
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Serving Fulton, Hamilton, & Saratoga
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Any honorably discharged
veteran is entitled to a burial
flag. The funeral director, as
part of the services, will make
the necessary arrangements for
the family on behalf of the veteran. The flag may be used to
cover the casket and it is presented to the family as a keepsake. The local office of the
Department of Veterans Affairs
can also provide information on
the procedure for obtaining a
flag for a deceased veteran.
Answers to Flag Trivia
1. According to Title 36, Title 10, Section
8188, entitled National March “The composition by John Philip Sousa entitled “The Stars and
Stripes Forever” is hereby designated as the national march of the United States of America”
2. A 51-star version has six rows of stars, beginning with a row of nine and alternated by
rows of eight to achieve a 51-star total.
3. Andrew Johnson
5. Patrick Henry
6. He did not have one.
7. Calvin Coolidge, 1872
8. Robert Heft
9. Virginia, eight presidents were born in this
state.
10. Vexillologist.
4. Hillary Rodham Clinton
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21
22
FLAG GLOSSARY
BADGE
BANNER
An emblem or other device displayed on a flag, generally in the fly.
A rectangular flag used by a king, prince, duke or other noble. The
coat of arms of the owner covers the banner’s entire surface. The
term is also loosely applied to a national flag and is today
synonymous with flag.
BOW
The forward section of a ship.
CANTON
The four quarters of a flag are named cantons, especially the
upper quarter of the hoist, that is, the upper left hand corner of
the flag; the canton is sometimes also called the union.
COAT OF ARMS The armorial and/or other heraldic badges of an owner displayed
on a cloak or shield.
COLORS
The national and regimental or armorial flags carried by dismounted organizations (such as a color guard). Hence, the national
color for Army and Marine Corps regiments is the U.S. flag. The
term also applies to the national ensign flown aboard a naval vessel.
ENSIGN
A special flag based on a country’s national flag and used exclusively on naval ships or merchant ships. The civil ensign is the merchant marine’s flag. The U.S. flag serves as a national flag, naval
ensign and civil ensign. Great Britain, on the other hand, has a
white ensign for naval ships, a red ensign for merchant ships, and a
blue ensign for merchant ships commanded by an officer in the
Naval Reserve. Great Britain also has an ensign for the Royal Air
Force and one for airports.
ESTOILE
A six-pointed, usually wavy, star.
FIELD
The ground of each division of a flag.
FLY
The edge of a flag farthest from the staff.
FOREMAST
The mast nearest the bow of a sailing ship.
GARRISON
A military installation, such as a fort. Also, the troops stationed
there.
GARRISON FLAG A large U.S. flag flown at forts. During the war of 1812, garrison
flags were 20 feet by 40 feet. The Star-Spangled Banner measured
30 feet by 42 feet.
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STORM FLAG
The rope by which a flag is raised on a flagpole.
(N) The edge of a flag nearest the staff (V) to raise a flag.
The rope on which a flag is flown on a flagpole.
A flag flown at the bow of warships when anchored. Great Britain’s
jack – The British Union Jack – combines the crosses of St. George,
St. Andrew and St. Patrick on a blue field. The U.S. Union Jack
carries 50 white stars on a blue field (the canton of the Naval
Ensign). According to U.S. Navy regulations, the U.S. Union Jack
should be the same size as the canton of the Naval Ensign flown at
the ships stern.
The principal mast of a sailing ship.
A five-pointed star, representative of a knight’s spur.
An x-shaped cross.
A small pole from which a flag is flown.
A flag which is colored according to the owner’s livery and displays
the owner’s badge or badges instead of his arms. The term
“national standard” is used to describe the national and regimental
flags carried by mounted or motorized organizations.
The U.S. flag which is flown at military installations during inclement weather. It is smaller than the U.S. flag that is usually flown
at the installation.
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