Annotierte Bibliographie und

Transcription

Annotierte Bibliographie und
Link-Sammlung zur
Kindersoldaten Thematik
Herausgeber:
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)
Postfach 5180, 65726 Eschborn
www.gtz.de
Abteilung 43
Gesundheit, Bildung, Soziale Sicherheit
Sektorprojekt „Bildung und Konfliktbearbeitung“
Autor:
Christoph Kohl
Verantwortlich: Dr. Rüdiger Blumör
Erscheinungsdatum: 2005
Im Auftrag des:
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
1. VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN
4
1.1 Allgemein
4
1.2 Regionalstudien
14
1.2.1 Afrika
Äthiopien
Angola
Burundi
Kongo, Demokratische Republik
Liberia
Mosambik
Rwanda
Sierra Leone
Sudan
Uganda
14
18
18
19
19
20
22
23
23
25
26
1.2.2. Amerika
Kolumbien
28
28
1.2.3 Asien
Afghanistan
Irak
Myanmar
Philippinen
Sri Lanka
Timor Leste
29
29
30
31
31
32
32
1.2.4 Europa
Deutschland
Vereinigtes Königreich
33
33
33
1.3 Recht und Politik: Dokumente und Deklarationen
34
1.3.1 International
34
1.3.2 Regional
38
1.4 Bildung
41
1.5 Psychologische Betreuung
43
1.6 Praktische Leitfäden
43
1.7 Sonstige Materialien
45
2
1.8 Bibliographien
46
1.9 Belletristik
47
2. LINKS
49
3
...........................
1. VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN
..........................................
Inhalt
Ahotsa (Thema: Niños en conflictos armados), (2003), 35.
Casi 300.000 niños y niñas (menores de 18 años) participan actualmente en conflictos armados en más de 35 países como Sudán, Colombia, Angola, Sri Lanka, Afganistán, Liberia,
Sierra Leona, Uganda y Líbano. El UNICEF calcula que desde 1990 más de 2 millones de
niños y niñas han sido asesinados, 6 millones han sido mutilados y 20 millones se han visto
obligados a abandonar sus hogares en conflictos armados. Estos niños y niñas participan en
conflictos donde los adultos distribuyen armas pequeñas y ligeras entre los menores, por ser
baratas y fáciles de manejar, y les obligan a luchar en una guerra que no les corresponde.
Muchos de ellos han sido obligados a alistarse en las fuerzas armadas (gubernamentales o
no gubernamentales) mediante intimidaciones, secuestro u otras formas de violencia. Otros y
otras lo hacen voluntariamente, pero casi siempre para conseguir alimentos, un refugio y seguridad.
Bezug
Titel
1.1 Allgemein
Elektronisch: http://www.ongdseuskadi.org/images/documentos/revista_Ahotsa_35.pdf
Hardcopy: Coordinadora de ONGD de Euskadi / Euskal Herriko GGKEen Koordinaakundea,
C/ Bailén, 1 - 5º Dpto. 10, 48003 Bilbao, Spanien, E-Mail: coordongd-eus@arrakis.es
Die Zeitschrift ist zweisprachig (Spanisch und Baskisch).
Titel
The purpose of the seminar was to help raise awareness of the Child Soldier Phenomenon
throughout the U.S. Marine Corps to better prepare Marines for when they encounter child
soldiers in the future. This report is intended to enhance professional development, facilitate
thought and discussion, and impact doctrine, training, and operations as appropriate
throughout the Marine Corps.
Bezug
Borchini, Charles:
Child soldiers: Implications for U.S. forces (Cultural Intelligence Seminar series). Seminar
Report, November 2002. Quantico (2002): Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities,
Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory (30 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.ceto.quantico.usmc.mil/studies/ChildSoldiersFinal.pdf
Hardcopy: Buchhandel
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
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Brett, Rachel; McCallin, Margaret:
Kinder, die unsichtbaren Soldaten. Hrsg. von Save the Children Sweden. Norderstedt
(2001): Book on Demand GmbH (272 Seiten).
Überblicksdarstellung über die Problematik der Kindersoldaten.
......................
4
Titel
Brett, Rachel; Specht, Irma:
Young Soldiers: Why They Choose to Fight. Genf, Boulder (2004): International Labour
Organization, Lynne Rienner (192 Seiten).
Inhalt
In den letzten Jahren wurde immer deutlicher, dass Lebensrealität und Motivation der Heranwachsenden, die nicht mehr Kind, aber auch noch nicht vollverantwortliche Erwachsene
sind, bisher nur unzureichend wahrgenommen werden. Aus dieser Erkenntnis wuchs die Idee, Jugendliche zu befragen, warum sie sich den bewaffneten Gruppen oder regulären Armeen „freiwillig“ angeschlossen haben. Die Untersuchung wurde in den Jahren 2002/2003
durchgeführt. Als Partner konnte die Internationale Arbeitsorganisation (ILO) gewonnen werden.
Bezug
Hardcopy: ILO Publications, 4 route des Morillons, 1211 Genf 22, Schweiz, E-Mail:
pubvente@ilo.org, www.ilo.org./publns oder Buchhandel
Eine autorisierte, deutschsprachige Kurzfassung der Publikation (Jugendliche. Warum sie
Soldat werden, 32 Seiten) ist ebenfalls erhältlich:
Hardcopy: Quäker-Hilfe Stiftung, Geschäftsstelle, Am Wellenkotten 8, 33617 Bielefeld, EMail: info@quaker-stiftung.de
Elektronisch: http://www.tdh.de/content/materialien/download/download_wrapper.php?id=93
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
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Children and Armed Conflict Newsletter, (2004), 1.
Newsletter des International Research Network on Children and Armed Conflict, erstmals
herausgegeben im August 2004: “This newsletter, a new upgraded website and a working
paper series that we hope to start soon will certainly contribute towards bringing our network
closer together.”
Elektronisch: http://www.ssrc.org/programs/children/publications/CAC.pdf
Hardvopy: International Research Network on Children & Armed Conflict, Social Science
Research Council, 810 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, Vereingte Staaten, E-Mail:
info@ssrc.org
Titel
Chitalia, Ami; Odeh, Michael:
Children in Armed Conflict. How Girl Soldiers are Punished by Their Past. Washington
(2004): Youth Advocate Program International (10 Seiten).
Inhalt
The purpose of this paper is to educate the public about the prevalence of girl soldiers in
armed conflicts throughout the world and the consideration of uniquely female issues concerning disarmament and social reintegration.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.yapi.org/rpgirlsoldiers.pdf
Hardcopy: Youth Advocate Program International, 4545 42nd Street, NW, Suite 209, Washington, DC 20016, Vereinigte Staaten, E-Mail: yapi@yapi.org
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers:
Child Soldiers Global Report 2004. London (2004): Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (360 Seiten).
A global analysis of the situation and magnitude of the use of children in armed forces around
the world.
5
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.child-soldiers.org/document_get.php?id=966
Hardcopy: Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, International Secretariat, 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor, London N1 9HF, Vereingtes Königreich, E-Mail: info@childsoldiers.org
Titel
A global analysis of the situation and magnitude of the use of children in armed forces around
the world.
Bezug
Child Soldiers Global Report 2001. London (2001): Central Books.
Inhalt
......................
Titel
Child Soldier Use 2003. A Briefing for the 4th UN Security Council Open Debate on
Children and Armed Conflict. London (2004): Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers
(47 Seiten).
Inhalt
Throughout 2003 thousands of children were deployed as combatants, to commit abuses
against civilians, as sex slaves, forced labourers, messengers, informants and servants in
continuing and newly erupting conflicts. Children were usually used to perform multiple roles,
and girls in particular often acted as combatants as well as being sexually exploited. Featured
Countries: Afghanistan, Angola, Burundi, Congo (DR), Ivory Coast, Istrael/Palestine, Liberia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uganda.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://hrw.org/reports/2004/childsoldiers0104/childsoldiers.pdf
Hardcopy: Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, International Secretariat, 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor, London N1 9HF, Vereingtes Königreich, E-Mail: info@childsoldiers.org
Titel
Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR):
Child soldiers. Genf (2003): Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (15 Seiten).
Inhalt
This brochure provides detailed information about the problem of child soldiers and outlines
what should be done to prevent their recruitment, protect them and help them rebuild their
lives after their demobilization. It is an ideal introduction to the provisions of international law
that apply specifically to the participation of children in hostilities.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/p0824/$File/
ICRC_002_0824.PDF!Open
Hardcopy: Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR), Département de la Communication, unité 'Production, Marketing, Distribution', 19 avenue de la Paix, 1202 Genf, Schweiz, EMail: cid.gva@icrc.org
Auch erhältlich in Französisch und Spanisch.
Titel
......................
Children in war information kit. Genf (2003): Comité international de la Croix-Rouge.
6
Inhalt
The kit describes those activities carried out by the ICRC to restore family links, provide care
and protect unaccompanied children and child soldiers, among others. As both a work tool
and a source of information, it covers the legal protection of children in situations of armed
conflict and contains a summary of those provisions of international humanitarian law that
apply specifically to children.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.icrc.org/WEB/ENG/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/p0577K?OpenDocument
&style=Custo_Final.4&View=defaultBody2
Auch erhältlich in Französisch, Spanisch und Arabisch.
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Croix-Rouge de Belgique / Communauté francophone:
Thématique: Enfants-soldats. Brüssel: Croix-Rouge de Belgique / Communauté francophone (4 Seiten).
Kleines Themen-Übersichtsblatt.
Elektronisch: http://www.croixrouge.be/img/db/enfants_soldats.pdf
Titel
Mehr als 300.000 Kinder und Jugendliche auf der ganzen Welt führen zur Zeit Kriege der Erwachsenen – freiwillig oder zwangsrekrutiert von Regierungstruppen oder bewaffneten Oppositionsgruppen. Sie betätigen sich als Laufburschen oder Kundschafter, werden als lebende Minenräumer eingesetzt, sie plündern, foltern, vergewaltigen und töten. Was geschieht mit
diesen Kindern, wenn der Krieg zu Ende ist? Gibt es ein Zuhause, in das sie zurückkehren
können? Wie sollen sie lernen, wieder Kind zu sein? Das Heft informiert über mehr als 30
Konflikte der letzten Jahre, an denen Kinder beteiligt sind und waren; Motive der Kinder und
ihrer Befehlshaber; Anstrengungen zur Wiedereingliederung von Kindersoldaten in die Gesellschaft; internationale Vereinbarungen zum Schutz von Kindern in bewaffneten Konflikten;
Hilfestellung der Kirchen; Initiativen und weitere Informationsmöglichkeiten.
Bezug
Deutsches Nationalkomitee des Lutherischen Weltbundes:
Krieg ist kein Kinderspiel - Kindersoldaten. Stuttgart (1997): Deutsches Nationalkomitee
des Lutherischen Weltbundes.
Inhalt
......................
Hardcopy: Deutsches Nationalkomitee des Lutherischen Weltbundes, Zentraler Vertrieb,
Postfach 101142, 70010 Stuttgart, E-Mail: LWB@diakonie.de
Titel
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES):
Kinder in Kriegs- und Krisengebieten. Dokumentation der Veranstaltung am 13. und 14.
März 2003 in Bonn. Bonn (2003): Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (90 Seiten).
Inhalt
Die Dokumentation enthält u.a. drei Abhandlungen zur Kindersoldatenproblematik in Kolumbien, Westafrika, Afghanistan und Sri Lanka. Projekte zur Reintegration von Kindersoldat/innen werden in den Beiträgen ebenfalls skizziert.
Bezug
......................
Hardcopy: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Bonner Haus, Godesberger Allee 149, 53170 Bonn,
http://www.fes.de
Auch erhältlich in Englisch (Children in Areas of War and Crisis, 90 Seiten).
......................
7
Titel
Inhalt
Bezug
Generaldirektor der ILO:
Eine Zukunft ohne Kinderarbeit. Gesamtbericht im Rahmen der Folgemaßnahmen zur Erklärung der IAO über grundlegende Prinzipien und Rechte bei der Arbeit. Genf (2002): Internationale Arbeitsorganisation (168 Seiten).
Explizit greift der Bericht (Teil II, 4) das Thema Kindersoldaten auf, das die ILO in ihrer Resolution Nr. 182 aus dem Jahr 1999 als schlimmste Form der Kinderarbeit gebrandmarkt hatte.
Elektronisch: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc90/pdf/rep-i-b-ge.pdf
pubvente@ilo.org, www.ilo.org./publns oder Buchhandel
Titel
Groupe de recherche “’Faire la Paix’: Du Crime de Masse au Peacebuilding”:
Enfants-soldats: Bourreaux / Victimes. Trajectoires individuelles, reconversions, réparations. Compte-rendu de la réunion du 7 mars 2002. Paris (2002): Cente d’Études et de
Recherches Internationales (20 Seiten).
Inhalt
Réproduction du compte-rendu d’une réunion le 7 mars 2002. La discussion a été introduite
par Michel Grappe, psychiatre; Gaëtan Mootoo, chercheur à Amnesty International; Bernard
Doray, psychiatre, Centre de recherches et d’actions sur les traumatismes et l’exclusion
(CEDRATE).
Bezug
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Elektronisch: http://www.ceri-sciences-po.org/themes/pouligny/pdf/c07032002.pdf
Hardcopy: Cente d’Études et de Recherches Internationales (CERI), 56, rue Jacob, 75006
Paris, Frankreich, E-Mail: pouligny@ceri-sciences-po.org und jsemelin@magic.fr
Titel
Many of the world’s worst human rights and humanitarian crises take place in combat zones.
Despite pledges of protection by combatants, the United Nations, and powerful states, armed
conflict continues to devastate civilian populations. This fourteenth annual World Report features fifteen essays, each devoted to the human rights consequences of a different aspect of
armed conflict. From the Congo to Iraq, from terrorism to arms trafficking, from child soldiers
to justice, this volume assesses current developments and suggests ways forward. This 407page report reflects intensive investigative and advocacy work conducted in 2003 by Human
Rights Watch staff, often in close partnership with human rights colleagues from around the
world.
Bezug
Human Rights Watch:
Human Rights Watch World Report 2004. Human Rights and Armed Conflict. New York
(2004): Human Rights Watch (407 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
Hardcopy: Human Rights Watch, 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor, New York, NY 10118-3299,
Vereinigte Staaten, E-Mail: hrwnyc@hrw.org
Titel
......................
Institute for Security Studies (ISS):
Interact - Children in Armed Conflict. Review and Evaluation Workshop. Workshop Report, 22. Juni 2004. Pretoria (2004): Institute for Security Studies (12 Seiten).
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Inhalt
After a successful three-year implementation, the ISS project ‘Children in Armed Conflict’ (Interact) is in its concluding phase. The ISS is proud of the work undertaken and the significant
achievements of the project. During the past three years, international attention has shifted
away from children only as combatants as it has become more apparent that children and
youth play a much more complex and important role before, during and after the outbreak of
conflict. It is hoped that the work done by Interact has contributed to this understanding. The
objective of this workshop was to conduct an informal evaluation of Interact’s work with some
of our stakeholders. The agenda included discussions of challenges and achievements,
methodology, new discourses on children and youth in armed conflict and the current state of
advocacy. Towards the end of the day-long workshop, the participants, who came from different governments, non-governmental and academic institutions, were asked to make recommendations on the way forward for advocacy and research on behalf of children and youth
and armed conflicts.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/CReports/2004/interactjun.pdf
Hardcopy: Institute for Security Studies, P.O. Box 1787, Brooklyn Square, Pretoria 0075,
Südafrika, E-Mail: iss@iss.org.za
Titel
International Bureau for Children's Right:
The Protection of War-Affected Children: Securing Children’s Rights in the Context of
Armed Conflict. Report of the First Hearings, Colchester, U.K., April 3-6, 2000. Montréal
(2000): IBCR (70 Seiten)..
Inhalt
The Bureau has developed the International Tribunal for Children’s Rights, a unique intervention mechanism for conducting enquiries and proposing practical solutions to specific violations of children’s rights. The Tribunal is best described as a moral court rather than a formal,
judicial institution. Although it is concerned with investigating situations in which children’s
rights are violated, the Tribunal cannot formally incriminate, prosecute or punish those responsible. The judges have no powers beyond those of persuasion on the basis of the conclusions and recommendations they make in their reports. The Hearings offer an opportunity
for public testimony, for sharing experiences and views, in both oral and written form and for
monitoring important issues about the rights of children around the world. They aim to: Raise
the awareness of citizens, governments, organisations and corporations about their responsibilities in light of the principles set forth in the CRC; Recommend measures that will insure
the well-being and protection of children; Encourage co-operation between all members of
the international community. The Hearings have a flexible format within overall guidelines.
The Tribunal consists of judges chosen by the Selection Committee of the International Bureau for Children’s Rights.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.ibcr.org/Colchester_Hearings.pdf
Hardcopy: International Bureau for Children's Right, 1185 Saint Mathieu Street, Montréal,
QC H3H 2P7, Kanada, E-Mail: info@ibcr.org
Titel
Keairns, Yvonne E.:
The voices of girl child soldiers. Genf (2002/2003): Quaker United Nations Office (36/87
Seiten).
Inhalt
Violence against children is unacceptable. Addressing this problem requires the work of governments, UN agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector and individual men and women. It also requires that we listen to the voices of child soldiers to understand their story. This is an important aspect of our work on prevention, demobilization
and reintegration. This study is an effort in listening to the voice of girl soldiers from four conflict areas around the world.
Bezug
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Elektronisch: http://www.geneva.quno.info/pdf/QUNO%
20Child%20soldiers%20report.pdf
Hardcopy: Quaker United Nations Office, Quaker House, 13 Avenue du Mervelet, 1209
Genf, Schweiz, E-Mail: quno@quno.ch
9
Titel
Kemper, Yvonne:
Youth in War-To-Peace Transitions. Approaches by International Organisations. Berlin
(2005): Berghof Forschungszentrum für konstruktive Konfliktbearbeitung (72 Seiten).
Inhalt
This study deals with youth in war-to-peace transitions and the response of international organizations to them. While youth’s relevance for societal transformation is a longacknowledged fact, their large numbers and potential roles in conflict have recently caused
organizations to consider them a target group for peace and development programs. Reflecting on this process, this study thus assesses the difficulties in conceptualizing the role of
youth in peace-building processes on the one hand and the concrete efforts of international
organizations to integrate them into their policies and programs on the other. For this purpose, it explores four guiding questions: First, what approaches have international organizations developed regarding youth? Second, on which assumptions about youth and their role
in violent conflicts are they based? Third, how do the different approaches affect program development, and, fourth, are they are compatible? Also focuses on former child soldiers.
Bezug
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Elektronisch: http://www.berghof-center.org/publications/reports/complete/BR10e.pdf
Hardcopy: Berghof Forschungszentrum für konstruktive Konfliktbearbeitung, Altensteinstraße 48a, 14195 Berlin, E-Mail: info@berghof-center.org
Titel
During recent armed conflicts – such as those in Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda –
public attention was repeatedly caught by images of children, both as civilians and as soldiers. Those conflicts, like so many others, were vivid reminders that where there is armed
conflict there are also, almost always, children. Soldiers and officers fulfil many roles in relation to such children – sometimes as combatants, sometimes as humanitarian workers,
sometimes as protectors, and/or sometimes as enemies and abusers. This book aims to address three main questions: what are the obligations of officers of national armed forces in relation to children, either civilians or combatants, whom they or those under their command
may encounter while participating in situations of armed conflict? How realistic and achievable are these obligations? How can compliance with them be encouraged, monitored, and/or
enforced? The book examines these questions in the context of military training. In doing so,
it has another inextricably linked aim: to see if there are ways in which the training of officers
can improve the protection of children in armed conflict situations, in accordance with international law and policy. It is intended for use particularly by those involved in training of national
armed forces, including officers themselves, and members of governments, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and inter-governmental organisations. It is hoped that it
will also be of interest to lawyers, academics and others concerned with ‘child rights’ and related law and policy. It contains examples of actual training materials that can be modified for
use in different countries and contexts.
Bezug
Kuper, Jenny:
Military Training and Children in Armed Conflict. Law, Policy and Practice. Leiden, Boston (i.E.): Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (330 Seiten).
Inhalt
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Inhalt
Titel
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Lakhdar-Hamina, Mounia :
Forgotten children of war, in: Courier ACP-EU (2003), 196, S. 24-25.
Mention the ‘child soldier’ and we immediately think of a small boy brandishing a rifle almost
as big as he is. But what of the other children unwittingly caught up in armed conflicts? Girls
in particular are largely overlooked and, consequently, reintegration and demobilisation programmes fail to address their specific needs and often exclude them altogether.
10
Bezug
Elektronisch:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/development/body/publications/courier/courier196/en/en_024.pdf
Hardcopy: http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/development/organisation/contact_form_en.cfm
oder E-Mail: development@cec.eu.int
Auch in Französisch erhältlich.
Titel
McIntyre, Angela; Weiss, Taya:
Exploring Small Arms Demand - A Youth Perspective (ISS Paper Nr. 67). Pretoria (2003):
Institute for Security Studies.
Inhalt
The purpose of this paper is to begin exploring the complex relationships between arms proliferation, youth and security in the African context. While all three elements in the relationship stand alone as research, policy and advocacy issues, all can benefit from cross cutting
analysis. The aim here is not to attempt to establish ‘youth and small arms’ as yet another
niche. It is to lend a youth-centred perspective to small arms demand, taking into account
enabling social, economic and political factors in arms proliferation, specifically on the demand side. There is a profound need for youth and child centred perspectives on human security issues if the term “human security” is to have any real meaning. The state of child and
youth rights must be treated as more than just an indicator of government performance in
traditional sectors such as health, education and social services. This paper will attempt to
demonstrate the relationships between child an youth participation in armed violence, the
failure to protect of children’s and youth’s rights and the demand for small arms.
Bezug
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Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Papers/67/Paper67.html
Titel
In November 1998, the Norwegian Refugee Council and Redd Barna (Save the Children
Norway) hosted a conference on protection of children and adolescents in complex emergencies, in co-operation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The
conference was supported financially by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The aim of
the event was to increase the common understanding of the meaning of international protection of children and adolescents, and to address the main problems and principles and give
some recommendations to concrete action.
Bezug
Norwegian Refugee Council:
Protection of Children and Adolescents in Complex Emergencies. Conference Report,
Oslo/Hadeland 9. bis 11. November 1998. Oslo (1999): Norwegian Refugee Council.
Inhalt
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.nrc.no/pub/protection/index.htm
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
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Odeh, Michael; Sullivan, Colin:
Children in Armed Conflict. Recent Developments in International Rehabilitation of
Child Soldiers. Washington (2004): Youth Advocate Program International (7 Seiten).
This paper is designed to give a brief overview of recent Disarmament, Demobilization, and
Reintegration programs for child soldiers.
Elektronisch: http://www.yapi.org/rpchildsoldierrehab.pdf
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11
Titel
Russmann, Paul:
Kindersoldaten als Akteure der neuen Kriege, in: Der Bürger im Staat (Thema: Die neuen
Kriege), 54 (2004), 4, S. 204 – 209.
Inhalt
Der Autor schildert in dem Beitrag die Lebensbedingungen und den Kriegsalltag der oftmals
zwangsrekrutierten Kinder und Jugendlichen. Gerade die körperlichen und seelischen Auswirkungen erschweren die Rehabilitation dieser Kinder in befriedeten Gesellschaften. Aufgezeigt wird auch, wie schwierig es auf internationaler Ebene ist, den Einsatz von Kindersoldaten zu ächten.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.friedenspaedagogik.de/themen/neue_kriege/kindersoldaten.pdf
Hardcopy: Redaktion „Der Bürger im Staat“, Stafflenbergstr. 38, 70184 Stuttgart, E-Mail:
siegfried.frech@lpb.bwl.de und barbara.bollinger@lpb.bwl.de
Titel
Commission on the Status of Women
The Voice of Girl Child Soldiers. Report No. 8. Dublin (2004): Mercy International Association (11 Seiten).
Inhalt
Why listen to the voices of the girl soldier? Many documents have been and are being developed to address the concern of violence against children. These are necessary actions to
gain understanding and agreement among international parties to prevent the use of children
as soldiers and for rehabilitation. The characteristics of many of these actions are to call for
“providing resources” or “establishing mechanisms to facilitate activities for children” or “ensuring provisions for demobilization and reintegration are spelled out.” To accomplish these
objectives, we must understand what resources to provide, what activities will meet the
child’s need or what provisions need to be spelled out. We can rely on theories, typically
Western concepts of treatment, and we can also listen to the child and try to gain an understanding of what may be most effective in meeting their needs.
Bezug
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Elektronisch: http://www.mercyworld.org/projects/mgc/2004/pdfs/report8.pdf
Hardcopy: Mercy International Association, 71 Senior House, All Hallows College, Grace
Park Road, Drumcondra, Dublin 9, Irland, E-Mail: miaexec@eircom.net
Titel
UNICEF:
The State of the World's Children 2005. New York (2004): UNICEF (152 Seiten).
Inhalt
The State of the World’s Children 2005 focuses on childhood, defined as the state and condition of a child’s life. The Convention of the Rights of the Child, adopted in 1989, offers a new
definition of childhood based on human rights. Yet for hundred of millions of children the
promise of childhood that undergirds the Convention already appears broken as poverty,
armed conflict and HIV/AIDS threaten their survival and development. The report examines
these three key threats in detail, and offers a comprehensive agenda of action to combat
them. It concludes by calling on all stakeholders – governments, donors, international agencies, as well as communities, families, business and individuals – to reaffirm and recommit to
their moral and legal responsibilities to children.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/SOWC_2005_(English).pdf
Hardcopy: UNICEF House, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, Vereinigte
Staaten, E-Mail: pubdoc@unicef.org
Auch erhältlich in Englisch und Französisch.
......................
12
Titel
Weltreport Kindersoldaten 2004. Mit einem Grußwort von Graça Machel. Deutsche Fassung des „Global Report 2004“, übersetzt von Rister, Andreas; Hachmann, Annette; Golombeck, Marja. Hrsg. von amnesty international, Deutsches Komitee für UNICEF, Kindernothilfe
e.V., medico international, missio, terre des hommes Deutschland e.V., Netzwerk Afrika,
World Vision Deutschland. Osnabrück (2004): terres des hommes (36 Seiten).
Inhalt
Der Kindersoldaten-Weltreport 2004 der Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers dokumentiert die Rekrutierungspraktiken von Kindern in 196 Ländern und Gebieten. Er beschäftigt
sich zudem mit den seit der Veröffentlichung des letzten Berichts 2001 zu Tage getretenen
Trends und Entwicklungen beim Einsatz von Kindersoldaten und benennt die Versäumnisse
der internationalen Gemeinschaft, der Regierungen und der bewaffneten Gruppen beim
Schutz der fundamentalen Menschen-rechte der Kinder.
Bezug
Elektronisch:
http://www.tdh.de/content/materialien/download/download_wrapper.php?id=129
Hardcopy: terre des hommes Deutschland e.V., Referat Logistik, Postfach 4126, 49031 Osnabrück, E-Mail: Logistik@tdh.de
Titel
Too often children are the victims of violent conflict. In recent years they have been deliberately targeted as victims and forced to fight as soldiers. But many children are also standing
firm in their commitment to peace. Children are building partnerships and bridges of peace in their families, communities, nationally and globally. This publication tells stories from
around the world of children as powerful peace makers. In Colombia, Uganda, Indonesia,
Montenegro, children are forces for peace.
Bezug
World Vision Australia:
Children and Peacebuilding: Experiences and Perspectives. Melbourne (2001): World
Vision Australia.
Inhalt
......................
Hardcopy: World Vision Australia, GPO Box 399C, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australien
Inhalt
Zeitschrift für Friedenspolitik (Thema: Kindersoldaten), (2004), 3.
Der Einsatz von Kindern in Konflikten ist keineswegs ein neuer Trend, der erst in den letzten
Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts begonnen hätte. Ein Blick in die Geschichte zeigt, dass es
auch in den Konflikten früherer Jahrhunderte "Kindersoldaten" gab. Von einem Beispiel berichtet Alcinda Honwana, wenn sie beschreibt, dass der Kinder-Kreuzzug von 1212 tatsächlich aus vielen Kinder bestand. Auch zu Napoleons Armee gehörten zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts schon zwölfjährige Knaben, die an den Kämpfen teilnahmen. Rachel Brett und Margaret McCallin ergänzen in ihrem Standardwerk zum Thema: "Wenn im Mittelalter [in Europa]
ein Junge Ritter werden wollte, konnte er ab dem 14. Lebensjahr als Knappe dienen. Er säuberte die Rüstung seines Herrn und hielt Wache, wenn er schlief." Trotz aller historischen
Beispiels gilt bei uns allgemein die Zeit seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg als "Ära der Kindersoldaten". Grund dafür ist der radikale Wandel, den bewaffnete Konflikte seither erfahren haben.
Dies hat nicht nur die Zahl der in bewaffnete Konflikte verwickelte Kinder ansteigen lassen,
sondern auch die Art und Weise verändert, wie sie daran teilnehmen.
Bezug
Titel
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.efriz.ch/
Hardcopy: Schweizerischer Friedensrat (SFR), Postfach 6386, 8023 Zürich, Schweiz, EMail: info@friedensrat.ch
13
......................................
1.2 Regionalstudien
.................................................
Titel
The main aim of this book is to highlight the worsening situation of children on the African
continent, where the number of street children is increasing from day to day. Besides, this
book discusses the issue of HIV/AIDS and how it affects the lives of African children. It offers
useful suggestions and valuable proposals on how to deal with these problems. Based on the
research the author made, he decided on Sudan, Kenya, Uganda as well as Zambia as countries of case studies. About 70 percent of the adults are living with HIV/AIDS disease. 80 percent of the children in Africa live with HIV/AIDS. In recent years, 2.2 million Africans died as a
result of HIV/AIDS infections. This indicates that the disease is one of the major threats to the
economic and social development in Africa. This book investigates the causes and recommends possible solutions to the problem of children and child soldiers in the world and in Africa in particular.
Bezug
Biel, Melha Rout:
African Kids: Between Warlords, Child Soldiers, And Living On The Street The cases of
Sudan, Uganda, Zambia and Kenya. New York u.a. (2004): Peter Lang (95 Seiten).
Inhalt
1.2.1 Afrika
Titel
Focus on Arms in Africa, 3 (2004), 2.
Focus on Arms in Africa, (2003), 5.
Focus on Arms in Africa, (2002), 4.
Inhalt
Content (3, 2): Youth in Organised Armed Violence; Liberia's DDR Programme. An unfinished
story;
Content (5): Southern Sudan: Child Soldiers or Armed Civilians?;
Content (4): Banning the Use of child soldiers.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch:
http://www.iss.org.za/pubs/Newsletters/Focus/Vol3No2_04/Vol3No2.pdf
http://www.smallarmsnet.org/pubs/focus5.pdf
http://www.smallarmsnet.org/pubs/focus4.pdf
Titel
......................
Institute for Security Studies (ISS):
Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: Humanitarian Challenges in West Africa. Report of the converence held 19 – 21 May 2003 in Accra, Ghana. Pretoria (2003): Institute for
Security Studies.
14
Inhalt
Bezug
The conference aimed to familiarise and inform participants of humanitarian challenges, protection tools and the ‘Aide-Memoire’ checklist and to identify strategies for mainstreaming acquired knowledge within domestic and regional decision-making structures. The workshop
provided a unique opportunity to identify and discuss protection challenges in Sierra Leone,
Côte d’Ivoire and Liberia, as well as the effects of these conflicts in the region. The workshop
also provided a forum where existing initiatives, domestic, national and regional, were examined and considered with the aim of improving civilian protection in the region. In order to
achieve this, participants were tasked with analyzing a crisis scenario exercise and applying
protection measures. They were also encouraged to approach all discussions with a view to
identify actors that are responsible for protecting civilians, examine who is responsible for
what, promote and develop a sense of what protection entails and isolate practical next steps
in the implementation of these objectives. The conference also set priorities for follow-up action and developed regional recommendations, which will ultimately feed into the SecretaryGeneral’s next report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (June 2004).
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/CReports/Ghana03/Report.html
Auch erhältlich in Französisch (La Protection des Civils dans le Conflits Armés: les Enjeux Humanitaires en Afrique de l’Ouest):
http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/CReports/Ghana03/French.pdf
Titel
Institute for Security Studies (ISS); UNICEF:
Disarming Children and Youth: Raising Awareness and Addressing the Impact of
Small Arms. Workshop held for UNICEF offices in Africa from 8-12 September 2002 in Accra, Ghana. Pretoria (2002): Institute for Security Studies.
Inhalt
Three background presentations related to children, youth and small arms were given at the
workshop, addressing the involvement of youth in violence, the technical and legal aspects of
small arms and light weapons and the impact of war on children.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/CReports/DisarmChildSep02/Index.html
Auch erhältlich in Französisch (Désarmer les enfants et la Jeunesse Projet de Stratégie
Régionale pour l’Afrique, 20 Seiten):
http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/CReports/DisarmChildSep02/SmallArmsFrench.pdf
und Portugiesisch (Desarmar as Crianças e os Jovens Projecto da Estratégia Regional
para África, 22 Seiten):
http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/CReports/DisarmChildSep02/Small%20ArmsPort.pdf
Titel
......................
Institute for Security Studies (ISS); UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
(OCHA):
Report on OCHA/ISS Humanitarian Policy Workshop: The Protection Of Civilians In
Armed Conflict: Humanitarian Challenges In Southern Africa. Report of the conference
held 15 – 17 October 2002 in Pretoria, South Africa. Pretoria (2002): Institute for Security
Studies.
15
Inhalt
The workshop brought together 65 representatives from government ministries of foreign affairs, defence, interior or home affairs, and refugee affairs, academic institutions and key nongovernmental organisations within the Southern Africa region, as well as a cross-section of
UN agencies working on these issues. It was the first of six regional workshops coordinated
by OCHA, arising from its mandate to develop a policy framework on the protection of civilians in armed conflict in close collaboration with its humanitarian partner agencies and interested Member States. The workshop had three primary objectives: To familiarize participants
with humanitarian challenges that arise during armed conflicts;To provide an opportunity for
participants to work through a regionally-tailored crisis scenario exercise and apply potential
protection measures; and to identify strategies for mainstreaming acquired knowledge within
domestic decision-making structures, set priorities for follow-up action, and develop regional
recommendations to feed into the Secretary-General’s third report to the Security Council on
the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (presented on December 10, 2002).
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/CReports/OchaReport.html
Titel
McKay, Susan; Mazurana, Dyan:
Where Are The Girls? Girls in fighting forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and
Mozambique: Their lives during and after war. Montréal (2004): International Centre for
Human Rights and Democratic Development.
Inhalt
Dyan Mazurana and Susan McKay's study, Where are the Girls?, raises our awareness of
the militarization of the lives of girls in fighting forces and the role they play. The authors use
data gleaned from their research in Northern Uganda, Mozambique and Sierra Leone to reveal that girls in fighting forces are not, and never have been, simply "camp followers."
This study is addressed to all those who work in countries that are in conflict or ravaged by
war, whether they are community groups or multilateral, governmental, or non-governmental
organizations. Where are the girls, if they are not counted as part of the military when the
time comes for disarmament, demobilization and rebuilding of societies?
Bezug
......................
Hardcopy: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development (ICHRDD),
1001 de Maisonneuve Blvd. East, Suite 1100, Montréal, QC H2L 4P9, Kanada,
E-Mail: dd-rd@dd-rd.ca bzw. http://www.ichrdd.ca
Inhalt
Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program (MDRP):
Progress Reports (Quartalsschrift). New York (2002ff.): MRDP.
The reports provide an update of activities carried out under the Multi-Country
Demobilization and Reintegration Program (MDRP). The reports are organized by the four
main components of the MDRP, namely: (i) national demobilization and reintegration programs; (ii) special projects; (iii) regional activities; and (iv) overall program management. Tables providing updates on the status of national programs and special projects, an unaudited
financial statement of the MDRP Trust Fund. Information on the demobilization of child soldiers may be included as well.
Bezug
Titel
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.mdrp.org/report.htm
Hardcopy: Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program (MDRP) Secretariat,
Great Lakes Africa Region, MSN J6–603, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20433, Vereinigte Staaten, E-Mail: info@mdrp.org
Erhältlich in Englisch und Französisch.
Titel
......................
Rosen, David M.:
Armies Of The Young: Child Soldiers In War And Terrorism (The Rutgers Series in
Childhood Studies). Piscataway (2005): Rutgers University Press (199 Seiten).
16
Inhalt
Bezug
Children have served as soldiers throughout history. They fought in the American Revolution,
the Civil War, and in both world wars. They served as uniformed soldiers, camouflaged insurgents, and even suicide bombers. Indeed, the first U.S. soldier to be killed by hostile fire in
the Afghanistan war was shot in ambush by a fourteen-year-old boy. Does this mean that
child soldiers are aggressors? Or are they victims? It is a difficult question with no obvious
answer, yet in recent years the acceptable answer among humanitarian organizations and
contemporary scholars has been resoundingly the latter. These children are most often seen
as especially hideous examples of adult criminal exploitation. In this provocative book, David
M. Rosen argues that this response vastly oversimplifies the child soldier problem. Drawing
on three dramatic examples-from Sierra Leone, Palestine, and Eastern Europe during the
Holocaust-Rosen vividly illustrates this controversial view. In each case, he shows that children are not always passive victims, but often make the rational decision that not fighting is
worse than fighting. With a critical eye to international law, Armies of the Young urges readers to reconsider the situation of child combatants in light of circumstance and history before
adopting uninformed child protectionist views. In the process, Rosen paints a memorable and
unsettling picture of the role of children in international conflicts.
Titel
Der Beitrag nennt Gründe für die Existenz von Kindersoldaten, beschreibt die Rekrutierungsund Ausbildungspraxis sowie die Auswirkungen für die Kinder und die Gesellschaft. Darüber
hinaus bietet der Autor einen Überblick über die internationale juristische Aufarbeitung des
Kindersoldatenproblems. Projektbeispiele aus Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mosambik und Uganda
verdeutlichen die schwierige Rehabilitierung von Kindersoldaten.
Bezug
Schonecke, Wolfgang:
Wenn aus Kindern Killer werden, in: Internationales Afrikaforum, 39 (2003), 1, S. 69 – 75.
Inhalt
......................
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Twum-Danso, Afua:
Africa’s young soldiers.The Co-option of Childhood (ISS Monograph Nr. 82). Pretoria
(2003): Institute for Security Studies.
Content: An Overview of Child Soldiering; Child Combatants and Adult Wars in Africa; Girl
Soldiers.
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Monographs/No82/Content.html
Inhalt
Titel
......................
UNICEF:
Cape Town principles and best practices. Adopted at the symposium on the prevention of
recruitment of children into the armed forces and on demobilization and social reintegration of
child soldiers in Africa. 27. bis 30. April 1997, Kapstadt/Südafrika. New York (1997): UNICEF
(8 Seiten).
Including a child soldiers-definition, they recommend actions to be taken by governments and
communities in affected countries to end this violation of children's rights.
17
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/Cape_Town_Principles.pdf
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
► Äthiopien
Veale, Angela:
From child soldiers to ex-fighter. Female Fighters, Demobilisation and Reintegration in
Ethiopia (ISS Monograph Nr. 85). Pretoria (2003): Institute for Security Studies.
Content: Introduction; Background and context; Methodology; Ethiopian female excombatants: Recruitment, demobilisation and reintegration.
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Monographs/No85/Contents.html
Titel
Content: Beyond ‘Normalization’: the Momentous Challenges of Resettlement and Return;
Angola’s Institutional Capabilities for DD&R: Experiences and Lessons Learned from Previous Processes; DD&R in Angola, Current State of Play; A Moving Target in 2002? Initial
DD&R Policies and Practice; Final DD&R Programs and What’s To Come – contains information on child soldiers.
Bezug
Gomes Porto, João; Parsons, Imogen:
Sustaining the Peace in Angola: An Overview of Current Demobilisation, Disarmament
and Reintegration (BICC paper 27). Bonn (2003): Internationales Konversionszentrum Bonn
(91 Seiten).
Inhalt
► Angola
Elektronisch: http://www.bicc.de/publications/papers/paper27/paper27.pdf
Titel
Human Rights Watch:
Short Report – Angola: Forgotten Fighters: Child Soldiers in Angola. New York (2003):
Human Rights Watch (26 Seiten).
Inhalt
No official figures exist for how many children fought with UNITA and the government in the
last resumption of the war from the period 1998 to 2002. The Coalition to Stop the Use of
Child Soldiers estimates that 7,000 children served with UNITA and government forces, Angola Armed Forces (Forças Armadas Angolanas, FAA).2 Child protection workers in Angola
have suggested that as many as 11,000 from the two sides may have lived and worked in
combat conditions. Some children received weapons and arms training and were active in the
fighting. Many others acted as porters, cooks, spies, and wives to UNITA soldiers. Whatever
their duties, the work they performed was hazardous and has had an emotional impact on
many of them.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/angola0403/Angola0403.pdf
Auch erhältlich in Portugiesisch (Angola: O contingente esquecido. Crianças-soldados de
Angola, 32 Seiten):
http://www.hrw.org/portuguese/reports/angola2003/angolaport0503.pdf
18
Titel
Alusala, Nelson:
Disarmament and the Transition in Burundi: How Soon? (ISS Paper Nr. 97). Pretoria
Inhalt
Burundi is moving through a period of political transition that is being closely observed by
those within and outside the country. In October 2004 the three-year transitional government
in Burundi was extended for a further six months by a summit of regional leaders in Nairobi.
The value of this extension depends entirely on how it is used by the current leaders in Burundi. Whether it will heighten or reduce tensions depends largely on whether the political
parties in Burundi have the will to implement the various agreements that underpin the peace
process. Activities leading to the end of the six-month extension period will have a direct
bearing on the future of the country. The key question therefore is: what should be the priorities for stakeholders in the Burundian peace process to ensure a peaceful transition? This
paper assesses the situation in Burundi with the focus on disarmament initiatives in the period to the end of 2004. In order to elucidate the complexities involved in the disarmament
process, which mirror those of the entire peace process, it first reviews the current situation in
Burundi. Contains also information on the involvement of child soldiers.
Bezug
► Burundi
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/papers/97/Paper97.htm
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children:
Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict: Burundi. New York (2002): Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (21 Seiten)
Die Studie beschreibt die Situation von Kindersoldaten und in den Krieg involvierten Heranwachsenden im burundischen Bürgerkrieg.
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/wl_bi.pdf
Hardcopy: Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, 122 East 42nd Street,
12th Floor, New York, NY 10168-1289, Vereinigte Staaten, E-Mail:
info@womenscommission.org
Titel
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES):
Verlorene Kindheit - Kindersoldaten in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo: völkerrechtliche und politische Strategien zur Beendigung des Einsatzes von Kindern als
Soldaten. Dokumentation einer Tagung am 23. Oktober 2003. Bonn (2004): Friedrich-EbertStiftung (44 Seiten).
Inhalt
Inhalt: Problem Kindersoldaten; Politische Entwicklungen; Völkerrechtliche Entwicklungen;
Der Konflikt in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo; Kindersoldaten im Kontext des Konflikts
in der DR Kongo; Völkerrechtliche Ahndung des Einsatzes von Kindersoldaten; Kleinwaffen
und der Einsatz von Kindersoldaten; Kindersoldaten in der DR Kongo aus nationaler Sicht;
Podiumsdiskussion – Herausforderungen an die nationale und internationale Politik.
Bezug
► Kongo, Demokratische Republik
Elektronisch: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/kinder/02123.pdf
Hardcopy: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Bonner Haus, Godesberger Allee 149, 53170 Bonn,
http://www.fes.de
......................
19
Titel
Verhey, Beth:
Going Home. Demobilising and reintegrating child soldiers in the Democratic Republic
of Congo. London (2003): Save The Children (83 Seiten).
Inhalt
More than 1,200 child soldiers have been demobilised in the North and South Kivu Provinces
of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since 1999. The process has been gradual but
consistent. Save the Children UK has led the majority of the work; the number of operational
actors increasing during 2002. The programme in North and South Kivu does not claim to be
completely successful. The myriad groups in the region continue to recruit and use children in
the conflict. However, the experience demonstrates that, with many remaining constraints,
the demobilisation and reintegration of children during ongoing conflict can be achieved. Lessons learned in this experience are especially important for working with child soldiers in
situations of ongoing conflict and with non-state actors. Indeed one of the lessons is the importance of engaging non-state actors in tandem to work with the community. Save the Children has found its child protection training project with military officers and ‘community child
protection networks’ to have an important impact.
Bezug
Elektronisch:
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/932_GoingHome.pdf
Hardcopy: Save the Children, 17 Grove Lane, London SE5 8RD, Vereinigtes Königreich, EMail: publications@savethechildren.org.uk
Titel
Aboagye, Festus B.; Bah, Alhaji M. S:
Liberia at a Crossroads: A preliminary look at the United Nations Mission in Liberia
(UNMIL) and the protection of civilians (ISS Paper Nr. 95). Pretoria (2004): Institute for
Security Studies.
Inhalt
This paper is a preliminary attempt to look at the role of the United Nations Mission in Liberia
(UNMIL) in the protection of civilians.1 In this vein, the paper will briefly explore the political
and diplomatic developments leading to the deployment of the Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS) Mission in Liberia (ECOMIL), its mandate and its impact on the Liberian peace process. The paper then focuses on the UNMIL, particularly its broad mandate,
deployment and the implementation of critical peacekeeping and peace-building tasks, notably disarmament, demobilisation, rehabilitation and reintegration (DDRR), reform of the security sector, issues of human rights as well as the rule of law and transitional justice. These issues will be analysed with the aim of highlighting their crucial importance to the overall peace
process in general and the protection of civilians in particular. The paper does not make policy recommendations or draw doctrinal principles and statements, as these would be undertaken in the final book/monograph. Also contains information on child soldiers.
Bezug
► Liberia
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/papers/95/Paper95.htm
Titel
Human Rights Watch:
How to Fight, How to Kill. Child Soldiers in Liberia. New York (2004): Human Rights
Watch (44 Seiten).
Inhalt
This 43-page report documents how more than 15,000 child soldiers fought on all sides of the
Liberian civil war, and that many units were composed primarily of children. The report argues that establishing a firm peace in the West African nation will depend on the successful
reintegration of child soldiers into civil society.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://hrw.org/reports/2004/liberia0204/liberia0204.pdf
......................
20
Titel
Utas, Mats:
Sweet Battlefields: Youth and the Liberian Civil War. Ph.D. Dissertation. Stockholm
(2003): Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology, Uppsala University (292 Seiten).
Inhalt
This dissertation presents an ethnography of youth in Liberia and of how their lives became
affected by a civil war which raged in the country between 1990 and 1997. The focus is on
the experiences, motivations, and reflections of young combatants who fought for a variety of
rebel factions. For these young people, the daily prospect of poverty, joblessness and marginalisation effectively blocked the paths to a normal adulthood; drawing them instead into a
subculture of liminality, characterised by abjection, resentment and rootlessness. As opportunity came, their voluntary enlistment into one of the several rebel armies of the civil war therefore became an attractive option for many. Based upon one year of fieldwork during 1998,
conducted among groups of ex-combatant youths in both the capital Monrovia and in a provincial town in the rural hinterland, I describe and analyse the young people’s own accounts
of their involvement in the civil war; their complicity in atrocities, their coping strategies in the
context of armed conflict, their position as ex-combatants in a post-war environment, and
their outlook on their past, present and future.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.antro.uu.se/forskning/antropologi/Hela%20boken.pdf
Hardcopy: Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology, Cultural Anthropology, Box
631, 75126 Uppsala, Schweden, E-Mail: Peter.Kohlm@ub.uu.se
Titel
Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict: Nothing Left to Lose: the Legacy of Armed
Conflict and Liberia's Children. New York (2004): Women's Commission for Refugee
Women and Children (50 Seiten)
Inhalt
Liberia has been in a nearly constant state of civil war for 14 years. This has taken an enormous toll on the lives of Liberian children, adolescents and all civilians. Throughout the years
of civil war and especially during the 2003 War, thousands of Liberian children have been victims of killings, rape and sexual assault, abduction, torture, forced labour, forced recruitment
into fighting forces and displacement and other violations by warring factions, including the
government of Liberia under Charles Taylor, Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) and the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL). A complex web of crossborder activities helped to fuel war in Liberia and to feed instability and fragility throughout the
region. Since the National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) assumed power and
the United Nations (UN) deployed the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), post-conflict in Liberia
has seen slight improvements in the humanitarian, human rights and political situations. Yet,
widespread human rights violations, including abuses against children, continue to be committed with impunity, particularly in areas where peacekeepers have been late to deploy. This
report compiles information from a variety of sources to document ongoing violations of Liberian children’s security and rights. It also makes urgent recommendations to all parties that
participated in armed conflict, the UN Security Council, UNMIL, international donors, the
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and others to take immediate action to protect Liberian children from further abuse and devastation as reconstruction in Liberia moves forward.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/wl_li.pdf
21
Titel
Aird, Sarah; Efraime Junior, Boia; Errante, Antoinette:
Case Study on the Impact of Small Arms on War-affected Children Mozambique: The
Battle Continues for Former Child Soldiers. Washington (2001): Youth Advocate Program
International (11 Seiten).
Inhalt
The negative impacts caused by the pervasive availability of small arms and light weapons
and the consequent participation of children in the Mozambican war did not end with the 1992
peace agreement. Former child soldiers in Mozambique not only continue to experience severe physical and emotional trauma as a result of their combat experiences, but also are
negatively impacted by the instability that continues to hamper the country’s development.
These children’s experiences have devastating, long-term implications for Mozambican society, as their experiences inform their choices, opinions and perspectives as they grow into
adulthood.
Bezug
► Mosambik
Elektronisch: http://www.yapi.org/old/publications/resourcepapers/MozCS.pdf
Titel
Faltas, Sami; Paes, Wolf-Christian:
Exchanging Guns for Tools. The TAE Approach to Practical Disarmament—An Assessment of the TAE Project in Mozambique (BICC brief 29). Bonn (2004): Internationales
Konversionszentrum Bonn (40 Seiten).
Inhalt
Inhalt: History; Assessing the Scope of the Problem; Aims and Objectives of the TAE Project;
Output and Impact (Weapons Collection and destruction; Provision of Tools and Other Incentives; Civic Education; Guns into Art); Resources Available to the Project; Mode of Operation
(Information Retrieval; Provision of Incentives; Storage and Destruction); Government and
Civil Society; Costs and Benefits; Lessons Learned and Replication (Motivation of GunHolders; Program Goals; Government Relations; Provision of Incentives).
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.bicc.de/publications/briefs/brief29/brief29.pdf
Auch erhältlich in Portugiesisch (Transformação de armas em enxadas, 61 Seiten):
http://www.bicc.de/publications/briefs/brief29/brief29_port.pdf
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Pittwald, Michael:
Kindersoldaten, neue Kriege und Gewaltmärkte. Osnabrück (2004): Edition SozioPublishing (120 Seiten).
Thematisiert den Zusammenhang von Gewaltmärkten und der Rekrutierung von Kindersoldaten am Beispiel Mosambik.
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Steudtner, Peter:
Demobilisierung und Reintegration: Die soziale Eingliederung von Kindersoldatinnen
und –soldaten in Südmosambik, in: Büttner, Christian (Hrsg.): Kinder aus Kriegs- und Krisengebieten: Lebensumstände und Bewältigungsstrategien (Studien der Hessischen Stiftung
Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sonderband). Frankfurt am Main (2004): Campus, S. 69-86.
Der Beitrag behandelt die soziale Wiedereingliederung von Kindersoldatinnen und –soldaten
in der Region Maputo, im Süden Mosambiks.
22
Bezug
Titel
Steudtner, Peter:
Die soziale Eingliederung von Kindersoldaten: Konzepte und Erfahrungen aus Mosambik. Berlin (2001): Berghof Forschungszentrum für konstruktive Konfliktbearbeitung (92
Seiten).
Inhalt
Aufbauend auf der allgemeinen Diskussion über die Demobilisierung und Integration von
Kindersoldaten in Mosambik und in anderen Ländern Afrikas stellten sich die folgenden Fragen: In welcher Weise integrierten und integrieren interne Akteure Kindersoldaten? Lassen
sich externe Integrationsstrategien durch die Wahrnehmung und Kooperation mit internen
Akteuren verbessern? Um diese Fragen im Zeitraum 1992 – 1998 zu erörtern, wurden für
das Untersuchungsgebiet (Region Maputo) Interviews mit internen Akteuren geführt und qualitativ ausgewertet.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.berghof-center.org/publications/reports/complete/br6d.pdf
Hardcopy: Berghof Forschungszentrum für konstruktive Konfliktbearbeitung, Altensteinstraße 48a, 14195 Berlin, E-Mail: info@berghof-center.org
Titel
This report looks at the Disarmament, Demobilisation, Repatriation, Rehabilitation and Reintegration process (DDRRR) of Rwandan boys and girls formerly associated with armed
groups in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It investigates their experiences are investigated, in the armed groups and during the complex process of cross-border DDRRR. The
study will contribute not only in raising wider advocacy and policy issues related to DDRRR in
the context of Rwanda but also for programmes that focus on a cross-border demobilisation
and reintegration of child ex-combatants.
Bezug
Save The Children:
Crossing the Border. London (2004): Save the Children (89 Seiten).
Inhalt
► Rwanda
Elektronisch:
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/1964_DDRRR_RwandaDRC_SCUK_Jul04.pdf
Titel
Ginifer, Jeremy:
Reintegration of ex-combatants, in: Malan, Mark et al. (Hrsg.): Sierra Leone: Building the
Road to Recovery (Monograph No 80). Pretoria (2003): Institute for Security Studies.
Inhalt
Reintegrating ex-combatants (also former child soldiers) into society is one of the major challenges confronting Sierra Leone. During the war, combatants committed widespread atrocities against civilians, including those in their own communities. These acts of violence created suspicion and fear about the prospect of ex-combatants returning to their communities in
Sierra Leone.
Bezug
► Sierra Leone
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Monographs/No80/Chap2.html
......................
23
Titel
Inhalt
Bezug
Mahone, Djanabou:
Demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants – Experiences from Sierra Leone,
in: Gleichmann, Colin; Rosenbrock, Christine (Hrsg.): Brothers in Arms – Sisters of Mercy?
Gender Perspectives on Small Arms Control. Eschborn (2005): Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, S. 59-69.
Erfahrungsbericht zur Demobilisierung und Reintegration von ehemaligen Soldat/innen in
Sierra Leone, darunter auch Kindersoldaten.
Hardcopy: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Postfach
5180, 65726 Eschborn, E-Mail: Colin.Gleichmann@gtz.de
Titel
In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the particular needs of child soldiers
and other girls and boys separated as a result of conflict. This has led to significant progress
in agreeing good practice on children’s protection during, and immediately after, conflict.
Much work has also been done to determine effective strategies for ensuring children’s safe
return to families and communities. However, less attention has been paid to children’s
well-being once back in their villages or towns of origin. To help fill this knowledge gap, Save
the Children UK conducted group discussions and in-depth interviews on the reintegration
process with 211 girls and boys from the Kailahun district of Sierra Leone. Both ex-child soldiers and other separated children were included in the research, which suggests ten principles for good practice that could be used in a range of contexts: 1) Don’t focus all resources
on ex-combatants, 2) Recognise that both boys and girls are affected by conflict and that
different groups of children have particular needs that must be addressed in the reintegration
process, 3) Engage a range of stakeholders in shaping and supporting children’s reintegration, including the children themselves, community leaders and teachers, 4) Protect children
from abuse or neglect in the family or other relationships, 5) Establish and provide support to
community child protection mechanisms for on-going efforts to reduce discrimination, neglect
and abuse, 6)Take special measures to protect the rights of young single mothers and their
children, 7) Prioritise the provision of free, good quality education for all, 8) Ensure that skills
training can be used to improve household livelihoods, 9) Focus infrastructure repair on the
areas that need it most, rather than those that are most accessible, to promote livelihoods rehabilitation, 10) Provide accurate and honest information about the reintegration process to
avoid disillusionment and ensure that children receive the benefits they are eligible for.
Bezug
Save The Children:
No Place Like Home? New research by Save the Children into children’s experiences
of reintegration, in the Kailahun District of Sierra Leone. London (2004): Save the Children (29 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/1958_
No%20Place%20Like%20Home_Oct04.pdf
Titel
......................
Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, and Gender-based Violence in Sierra
Leone. Excerpts from precious resources: Adolescents in the Reconstruction of Sierra
Leone. Participatory Research Study with Adolescents and Youth in Sierra Leone. April –
July 2002. New York (2003): Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (23
Seiten)
24
Inhalt
The DDR program in Sierra Leone is touted as one of the most successful demobilization efforts in history — it accomplished its principal goals of disarming and demobilizing thousands
of ex-combatants on all sides of the conflict, including children. It quickly increased security in
Sierra Leone, an essential prerequisite for peace. In the face of limited resources, a fluctuating security situation and destroyed infrastructure, UNICEF, Child Protection Agencies
(CPAs) and the government of Sierra Leone provided demobilization services, including reunification, to approximately 6,900 children and adolescents. These are just first steps, however, toward significantly raising the bar of success in such efforts. Interviews with more than
300 adolescents, youth, women and men formerly associated with fighting groups in Sierra
Leone reveal very serious gaps in the program and provide strong lessons learned.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/sl_ddr03.pdf
Titel
Robertson, Chris; McCauley, Una:
The Return and Reintegration of ‘Child Soldiers’ in Sudan: The Challenges Ahead, in:
Forced Migration Review (Thema: Home for good? Challenges of return and integration),
(2004), 21, S. 30 – 32.
Inhalt
An evaluation of recent UNICEF support to child disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) in southern Sudan analyses the impact of different ways of addressing demobilisation, care, return and reintegration of “children formerly associated with the fighting forces’
(CAFF).
Bezug
► Sudan
Elektronisch: http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR21/FMR21full.pdf
Hardcopy: Subscriptions Assistant, Forced Migration Review, RSP, QEH, 21 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LA, Vereinigtes Königreich, E-Mail: fmr@qeh.ox.ac.uk
Auch erhältlich in Französisch, Spanisch und Arabisch.
Titel
Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict: Sudan. New York (2003): Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (34 Seiten)
Inhalt
This report is a call for the security and rights of young people to be included as a high priority in the ongoing peace process. The UN Security Council consistently highlights the harmful
impact of armed conflict on children and the long-term consequences this has for durable
peace, security and development. Priority attention to young people’s security, rights and
place in society as future leaders is essential to the sustainability of Sudan’s encouraging
peace process.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/wl_sd.pdf
25
Titel
Dolan, Chris:
Which children count? The politics of children’s rights in northern Uganda, in: Accord
(2002), 11.
Inhalt
In international eyes the forcible abduction of children and adults by the Lord’s Resistance
Army (LRA) is probably the defining characteristic of the war in northern Uganda, and there is
little doubt that it has done much to draw international attention and intervention to the area.
According to the Abducted Child Registration and Information System (ACRIS) set up by
UNICEF and the government of Uganda, some 9,818 children under the age of 18 have been
abducted since the LRA war began, or about one third of the total of 28,217 recorded abductionsi. Of these 9,818 about one third, or 3,300, were under the age of 12 when abducted.
Bezug
► Uganda
Elektronisch: http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/children.shtml
Hardcopy: Accord Marketing, Conciliation Resources, 173 Upper Street, London N1 1RG,
Vereingtes Königreich, E-Mail: accord@c-r.org
Titel
Human Rights Watch:
Abducted and Abused. Renewed War in Northern Uganda. New York (2003): Human
Rights Watch (73 Seiten).
Inhalt
Abductions, torture, recruitment of child soldiers, and other abuses have sharply increased in
the past year in northern Uganda due to renewed fighting between Ugandan government
forces and rebels, a coalition of national and international organizations. This 73-page report
details how a slew of human rights abuses have resulted in a humanitarian crisis. Since June
2002, the rebel Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) has abducted nearly 8,400 children and thousands more adults, a sharp rise from 2001. The LRA has also escalated the seventeenyear
war against northern Uganda's civilians by targeting religious leaders, aid providers, and
those living in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps. The report draws on interviews with
recently abducted children who escaped from the LRA. It gives voice to internally displaced
persons living in the IDP camps that have been attacked by the LRA, and the aid workers attempting to reach these victims despite frequent LRA ambushes on relief convoys.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/uganda0703/uganda0703.pdf
Titel
Lomo, Zachary; Hovil, Lucy:
Behind the violence.The War in Northern Uganda (ISS Monograph Nr. 99). Pretoria
Inhalt
Content: Background to the war; Root causes of the conflict; Anatomy of the Lord’s Resistance Army; Consequences as causes: the impact of the LRA; The spread of the war; Beyond conflict; Conclusion and recommendations – also contains information on the involvement of child soldiers.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/Monographs/No99/Contents.html
Titel
......................
Against all Odds: Surviving the war on adolescents. Promoting the Protection of
Ugandan and Sudanese Adolescents in Northern Uganda. Participatory research study
with Adolescents in Northern Uganda, May – July 2001. New York (2001): Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (85 Seiten)
26
Inhalt
Dozens of Ugandan and Sudanese adolescents interviewed more than 2,000 adolescents
and adults in a Women’s Commission-sponsored project in the Acholi Districts of Gulu, Kitgum and Pader in northern Uganda from May to July 2001. They reveal that the insecurity of
armed conflict, where adolescents are principal targets for murder, abduction, forced recruitment and sexual enslavement, is their top concern. Adolescents say that a combination of
war, massive displacement, HIV/AIDS, lack of development and poverty has created a world
of unimaginable misery for young people. Without protection from violence and with little support from adults who do not recognize or respect their rapidly changing role in society, adolescents are shouldering enormous responsibilities for themselves, their families and the
community as a whole. Thousands are orphaned and heading households, and few – especially girls – are able to attend school or find sufficient means to support or protect themselves, as humanitarian assistance falls well short of their needs, and they suffer ongoing abduction and increased domestic and sexual violence. Adolescents are struggling to survive
against all odds and too often without even recognizing their own strengths and abilities.
They are urgently calling on the international community – especially the Governments of
Uganda and Sudan – to act swiftly to lift their burdens and for all combatants to commit to
peace.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/ug.pdf
Titel
No Safe Place to Call Home: Children and Adolescent Night Commuters in Northern
Uganda. New York (2004): Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (33
Seiten)
Inhalt
Amongst the growing number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in northern Uganda are
an estimated 50,000 people known as “night commuters” – most of them children, adolescents and women – who flee their homes or IDP camps each night for town centers seeking
safety from attack by the rebel Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). IDPs say the government of
Uganda (GOU) and its military, the Uganda People’s Defense Forces (UPDF) could and
should be doing more to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance and provide IDPs
basic physical security. Additionally, many members of Ugandan civil society believe the
GOU and the LRA should be taking stronger measures to facilitate a peaceful end to the conflict. In the absence of adequate protection by the government of Uganda, IDPs have increasingly turned to the use of government-supported local defense units (LDUs) to protect their
communities. However, the GOU is doing too little to monitor its LDU recruitment, training
and activity. Despite the GOU’s claims that it does not use child soldiers, IDP camp leaders
and humanitarian agencies report the active recruitment of children and adolescents into
LDUs.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/ug_nightcom.pdf
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Veale, Angela, Stavrou, Aki:
Violence, Reconciliation and identity.The Reintegration of the Lord's Resistance Army
Child Abductees in Northern Uganda (ISS Monograph Nr. 92). Pretoria (2003): Institute for
Security Studies.
Content: Involvement of Children in Conflict in Africa; Child soldiers in Northern Uganda: Experience and Identity; Reintegration, and Reconciliation; A politico-economic analysis.
27
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/Monographs/No92/Contents.html
...............................................
Titel
The report brings together research done by World Vision and others across 12 countries in
the Latin American region on different forms of violence. From violence inflicted on street
children, to domestic violence, violence against children in the juvenile justice system and
armed conflict. The report is the result of many interviews with children and their communities, the findings are deeply disturbing. More positively, the report makes concrete recommendations for action and change.
Bezug
World Vision International:
Rostros De Violencia En America Latina Y El Caribe. San José (2001): World Vision International.
Inhalt
1.2.2 Amerika
Hardcopy: World Vision International, 800 West Chestnut Avenue, Monrovia, CA 910163198, Vereinigte Staaten
Titel
Briggs, Jimmie; Smyth, Frank; Barnitz, Laura; Stohl, Rachel:
Case Study on the Impact of Small Arms on War-affected Children Colombia: No Safe
Haven from War. Washington (2001): Youth Advocate Program International (9 Seiten).
Inhalt
Small arms are devastating the lives of children in Colombia. Throughout the country,
children find themselves at both ends of the weapon – some as perpetrators of conflict, crime
and violence, and many more as the victims of constant brutality. Raging conflict between
government forces, paramilitary groups, leftist guerrillas, and ordinary civilians have created
an environment where no child is safe. Conditions of conflict and violence have perpetuated
the use of children in conflict, and the perception that any child could be an actor in the
armed violence.
Bezug
► Kolumbien
Elektronisch: http://www.yapi.org/old/publications/resourcepapers/ColHaven.pdf
Titel
Keairns, Yvonne E. :
Voces de jovenes excombatientes. Colombia. Bogotá (2004): Comité Andino de Servicios
(114 Seiten).
Inhalt
El presente documento brinda la oportunidad de escuchar las voces de jóvenes excombatientes en Colombia, además de entender plenamente por qué esta frase del secretario
general de las Naciones Unidas, Kofi Annan, de mayo de 2002, merece nuestra atención.
Este informe sobre niñas y jóvenes combatientes en Colombia hace parte de un estudio más
amplio, en el que se llevaron a cabo entrevistas en profundidad con veintitrés jóvenes excombatientes de cuatro áreas diferentes con conflicto armado en el mundo. Las opiniones de
estas jóvenes ofrecen una oportunidad importante de ver el proceso que siguieron para
convertirse en combatientes, sus experiencias y sus visiones del futuro.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: geneva.quno.info/pdf/SpanishVoicesComplete.pdf
Hardcopy: Comité Andino de Servicios, A.A. 2461111, Bogotá D.C., Kolumbien, E-Mail :
comiteandino@cable.net.co
......................
28
Titel
Millones no Vistos: La Catástrofe del Desplazamiento Interno en Colombia. New York
(2002): Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (56 Seiten).
Inhalt
En los últimos quince años, más de dos millones de Colombianos ha n sido forzosamente
desplazados de sus hogares en comunidades rurales, como resultado al conflicto armado en
el país. Las fuerzas armadas colombianas y la guerrilla, financiada por el narcotráfico, han
estado en guerra desde hace mucho tiempo. Recientemente, las fuerzas paramilitares, financiadas por el narcotráfico, y con la ayuda o el consentimiento de la policía colombiana y
de los militares, también han emprendido una guerra brutal en la que han abrasado las tierras argumentando que estos ataques son ne cesarios para defender al Estado. Las vidas de
niños y adolescentes –alrededor de la mitad de la población desplazada – han sufrido un
cambio drástico luego de haber sido forzosamente desplazados de sus hogares. Ellos sufren
y son testigos de la violencia y son víctimas de la explotación y de violaciones sexuales. Estos niños pierden la certeza de un lugar para vivir, acceso a la educación y son privados de
alimento para comer causa por la que muchos sufren de la desnutrición.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/co2_es.pdf
Auch erhältlich in Englisch (Unseen Millions: The Catastrophe of Displacement in Colombia. Children and Adolescents at Risk, 52 Seiten):
http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/co2.pdf
.................................................
Titel
UNICEF:
Adult Wars, Child Soldiers. Voices of Youth Involved in Armed Conflict in the East Asia
and Pacific Region. New York (2002): UNICEF (82 Seiten).
Inhalt
This report is an effort to draw attention to the reality of child soldiers in this region, to demonstrate the need for our urgent response. In these pages, current and former child soldiers
express their ideas, thoughts, feelings and fears. It is a record of their voices, rather than a
search for numbers. With this report, UNICEF, seeks to raise awareness and shed light on
the specific nature of child soldiering in the East Asia and Pacific region. By placing the issue
on the agenda, the report will ultimately identify ways to reduce and end the involvement of
children in these conflicts. Above all, it attempts to let the child soldiers "talk" to decision
makers, child rights advocates, the media, youth leaders, military personnel and the general
public.
Bezug
1.2.3 Asien
Elektronisch: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/AdultWarsChildSoldiers.pdf
http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/pub_adultwars_en.pdf
Titel
Rights, Reconstruction and Enduring Peace: Afghan Women & Children after the Taliban. New York (2001): Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (21 Seiten).
Inhalt
► Afghanistan
The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children has monitored the situation of
Afghan refugee and displaced women and children for the past decade. The purpose of this
paper is to identify issues of concern for Afghan women and children in the return and reconstruction phases, and to make recommendations to the international community on how it can
and should respond to these new challenges. Child soldiers are in need of demobilization and
reintegration assistance.
29
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/af.pdf
Titel
Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict: Afghanistan. New York (2001): Women's
Commission for Refugee Women and Children (10 Seiten).
Inhalt
Through two decades of violence and war in Afghanistan all parties to the conflict have violated children’s rights. Today Afghan children and adolescents face dire circumstances. Approximately 1 in 4 Afghan children die of preventable causes before the age of five. Approximately 1 in 2 children suffer from malnutrition. The maternal mortality rate is the second highest in the world at 1,700/100,000. Approximately 2 million Afghan children are refugees or internally displaced. Approximately half of all landmine victims in Afghanistan are children (an
estimated 5-10 people died everyday in 1999 from landmine injuries). Children and adolescents are reported to be forcibly recruited as soldiers. Many have no access to education or
basic healthcare. Afghan girls suffer from institutionalized discrimination, sexual and genderbased violence, and trafficking for sexual purposes. Severe physical, emotional and mental
repercussions have taken an enormous toll on several generations of Afghan children, who
continue to suffer from the ongoing violence.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/wl_af.pdf
Titel
Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict: Afghanistan Update. New York (2001):
Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (5 Seiten).
Inhalt
Recent UN Security Council resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan have not addressed
the critical concerns of Afghan children and adolescents. The protection of these children,
which transcends ethnic and political divides, should be used as a unifying force in broad social reconstruction efforts. Now that the UN Security Council has unanimously adopted a
resolution affirming the central role it will play in setting up a new transitional authority in Afghanistan, we urge the Security Council to call for any UN mandated authority to include the
following provisions to protect Afghan children’s rights.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.watchlist.org/reports/afghanistan.report_update.pdf
Inhalt
Titel
► Irak
Singer, P.W:
Lutando contra crianças-soldados, in: Military Review, (2004), 3, S. 17 – 20.
No campo de batalha de hoje, os soldados americanos freqüentemente encontram civis de
posições sociais ambíguas — refugiados, membros de organizações de socorro, soldados
disfarçados de não-combatentes e crianças. Entretanto, com maior freqüência, essas crianças são combatentes e as tropas americanas têm de enfrentar os efeitos psicológicos resultantes de lutar contra elas
30
Bezug
Elektronisch:
http://www.leavenworth.army.mil/milrev/download/portuguese/3rdQtr04/singer.pdf
Hardcopy: E-Mail: milrevweb@leavenworth.army.mil
Titel
Human Rights Watch:
“My Gun Was as Tall as Me”: Child Soldiers in Burma. New York (2002): Human Rights
Watch (225 Seiten).
Inhalt
Myanmar is believed to have more child soldiers than any other country in the world. The
overwhelming majority of Myanmar’s child soldiers are found in Myanmar’s national army, the
Tatmadaw Kyi, which forcibly recruits children as young as eleven. These children are subject
to beatings and systematic humiliation during training. Once deployed, they must engage in
combat, participate in human rights abuses against civilians, and are frequently beaten and
abused by their commanders and cheated of their wages. Refused contact with their families
and facing severe reprisals if they try to escape, these children endure a harsh and isolated
existence.
Bezug
► Myanmar
Elektronisch: http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/burma/Burma0902.pdf
Vereinigte Staaten, E-Mail: hrwnyc@hrw.org oder Buchhandel.
Titel
Cagoco-Guiam, Rufa:
Philippines. Child Soldiers in Central and Western Mindanao: A Rapid Assessment.
Genf (2002): Internationale Arbeitsorganisation (128 Seiten).
Inhalt
Three major insurgent groups have waged armed struggle against the forces of the Philippine
military since the 1960s. These are the Communist-oriented New People’s Army, the Moro
National Liberation Front (MNLF) and its breakaway faction, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
(MILF). The latter two groups were organized by Muslim revolutionary leaders, convinced that
armed struggle is the only way to express the right to self-determination for the Bangsamoro
Muslims in Mindanao. In 1996, the Philippine government signed a Peace Agreement with
the MNLF leadership, thus ending more than two decades of armed struggle. But the Philippine government is still engaged in armed conflict with the MNLF’s breakaway faction, the
MILF. The fertile river valleys of Central Mindanao are acknowledged to be the location of
major MILF camps where children as young as 11 years old receive training in how to handle
both long and short firearms in battle. Late in the 1980s, a group of ragtag armed youth,
mostly from the Yakan and Sama ethnic groups based on the island province of Basilan
emerged to become the country’s foremost bandit and kidnap-for-ransom group. The group,
known as the Abu Sayyaf (“Bearer of the Sword”) has lately been reported to have recruited
several minors into their fold. This first ever Rapid Assessment on the phenomenon of child
soldiers in some parts of South, Central and Western Mindanao attempted to scratch the surface, so to speak, of the magnitude, causes
Bezug
► Philippinen
Elektronisch:
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/simpoc/philippines/ra/soldiers.pdf
pubvente@ilo.org, www.ilo.org./publns
31
Titel
Human Rights Watch:
Living in Fear. Child Soldiers and the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka. New York (2004): Human Rights Watch (84 Seiten).
Inhalt
This 80 page report includes firsthand testimonies from dozens of children from northeastern
Sri Lanka who have been recruited by the Tamil Tigers since the ceasefire came into effect.
Children described rigorous and sometimes brutal military training, including training with
heavy weapons, bombs and landmines. Children who try to escape are typically beaten in
front of their entire unit as a warning to others.
Bezug
► Sri Lanka
Elektronisch: http://hrw.org/reports/2004/srilanka1104/srilanka1104.pdf
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
UNICEF:
Sri Lanka: Action plan for children affected by war: Progress Report 2003. New York
(2003): UNICEF (10 Seiten).
Fortschrittsbericht über die Situation bzw. Demobilisierungs- und Reintegrationsbemühungen
von Kindersoldaten in Sri Lanka.
Elektronisch: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/Progress_Report_2003.pdf
Titel
Programa de Monitoramento do Sistema Judicial (JSMP):
O caso de X: Uma criança acusada de crimes contra a humanidade. Díli (2005): JSMP
(21 Seiten); Kap. 6.
Inhalt
► Timor Leste
O processo de X foi o primeiro, e até hoje o único, em que um menor foi acusado de crimes
contra a humanidade, perante o Colectivo Especial para os Crimes Graves (SPSC). X, com
catorze anos à data da prática dos crimes, foi acusado de Crimes Contra a Humanidade, extermínio e tentativa de extermínio, pelo homicídio de três jovens no massacre de Passabe
em Oecusse, Timor-Leste. O arguido acabaria por confessar e ser condenado por homicídio
segundo a lei Indonésia, durante a audiência de julgamento. O processo levanta diversas
questões quanto aos procedimentos anteriores ao julgamento, assim como quanto à possibilidade de acusação de menores, por crimes contra a humanidade.
Bezug
Elektronisch:
http://www.jsmp.minihub.org/Reports/jsmpreports/The%20Case%20of%20X/case_of_x_final_p.pdf
Hardcopy: Programa de Monitoramento do Sistema Judicial, Caixa Postal 275, Díli, TimorLeste, E-Mail: info@jsmp.minihub.org
................................................
32
1.2.4 Europa
Titel
Ludwig, Michaela:
Ehemalige Kindersoldaten als Flüchtlinge in Deutschland. “I’m living like somebody that’s
lost in the war.” Lebenssituation und Forderungen. Eine Projektstudie. Mit einem Vorwort von
China Keitetsi. Osnabrück (2003): terre des hommes e.V. (50 Seiten).
Inhalt
► Deutschland
Neben einer Begriffsdefinition umfasst die Studie einen Überblick über die juristische
Behandlung ehemaliger Kindersoldaten als unbegleitete minderjährige Flüchtlinge in der
Bundesrepublik. Darüber hinaus enthält die Studie eine Darstellung der Grundlagen
psychosozialer Versorgung einstiger Kindersoldaten in Deutschland. Den Hauptteil der
Studie nehmen die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung bzw. Befragung (Interviews)
von Kindersoldaten ein.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.tdh.de/content/materialien/download/download_wrapper.php?id=72
Hardcopy: terre des hommes Deutschland e.V., Referat Logistik, Postfach 4126, 49031 Osnabrück, E-Mail: Logistik@tdh.de
Auch erhältlich in Englisch (Former Child Soldiers as Refugees in Germany, 39 Seiten):
Elektronisch: http://www.geneva.quno.info/pdf/TdH&QUNO.pdf
Hardcopy: The Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO), Quaker House, 13 Avenue du
Mervelet, 1209 Genf, Schweiz, E-Mail: quno@quno.ch
Titel
Harvey, Rachel:
Child soldiers in the UK: Analysis of recruitment and deployment practices of under18s and the CRC (Children Rights Convention). Colchester (2002): The Children and
Armed Conflict Unit (37 Seiten).
Inhalt
Juristische Analyse der Rekrutierungspraxis von Minderjährigen durch die Armee des Vereinigten Königreiches unter Berücksichtigung des Übereinkommens über die Rechte des Kindes.
Bezug
► Vereinigtes Königreich
Elektronisch: http://www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/story_id/000029.pdf
Hardcopy: The Children and Armed Conflict Unit, The Children's Legal Centre, University of
Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, Vereinigtes Königreich, E-Mail:
armedcon@essex.ac.uk
33
.................
1.3 Recht und Politik: Dokumente und Deklarationen
.............................................
Titel
The report provides information on developments covering the period from the issuance of
my last report, on 10 November 2003, through December 2004. The report indicates that the
efforts deployed over the last several years have yielded significant advances and created a
strong momentum for the protection of children. These include: greatly increased global
awareness of and advocacy for child protection; an impressive and comprehensive body of
protection instruments and norms; the protection of war-affected children has been firmly
placed on the international peace-and-security agenda; the protection and well-being of children is increasingly reflected in the mandates of peacekeeping missions and the deployment
of Child Protection Advisers; and children’s concerns are being incorporated in peace negotiations, peace accords, and in post-conflict programmes for rehabilitation and rebuilding.
And, the situation for children has improved considerably in several situations, including in
Afghanistan, Angola, the Balkans, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Timor
Leste. The report systematically names and lists all offending parties, both insurgents and
governments, which are responsible for committing the following five grave violations: killing
or maiming of children; recruiting or using child soldiers; attacks against schools or hospitals;
rape and other grave sexual violence against children; abduction of children.
Bezug
Annan, Kofi:
Children and armed conflict. Report of the Secretary-General, 9 February 2005. New
York (2005): UN (39 Seiten).
Inhalt
1.3.1 International
Elektronisch: http://www.un.org/special-rep/children-armed-conflict/English/
Auch erhältlich in Arabisch, Chinesisch, Französisch, Spanisch und Russisch.
Titel
Text der ILO-Konvention, der auch das Verbot der Rekrutierung von Kindersoldaten einschließt. Sie definiert die Zwangsrekrutierung oder die Wehrpflicht von Kindern unter 18 Jahren zum Einsatz im Krieg als eine der schlimmsten Formen der Kinderarbeit.
Bezug
Convention concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the
worst forms of child labour (No. 182). (Übereinkommen über das Verbot und unverzügliche Maßnahmen zur Beseitigung der schlimmsten Formen der Kinderarbeit (Nr. 182)) Adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) conference at its eighty-seventh session,
17 June 1999. Genf (1999).
Inhalt
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc87/com-chic.htm
Deutsche Übersetzung: http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/german/docs/gc182.htm
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). (Übereinkommen über die Rechte des
Kindes / Kinderrechtskonvention) Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989, entry into force 2 September 1990. New York (1989).
Text des Übereinkommens, in dem auch die Rechte von Kindern im Zusammenhang mit bewaffneten Konflikten und Kriegen sowie deren Rekrutierung angesprochen werden.
Elektronisch: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm
Deutsche Übersetzung:
http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c0_107.html
34
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Declaration of the Rights of the Child, proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 1386
(XIV) of 20 November 1959. New York (1959).
Text der Deklaration, mit Bezug zu Kindern in bewaffneten Konflikten bzw. Kindersoldaten.
Elektronisch: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/25.htm
Titel
Harvey, Rachel:
Children and Armed Conflict: A Guide to International Humanitarian and Human Rights
Law. Montréal (2003): International Bureau for Children's Right (92 Seiten).
Inhalt
This publication is an outcome of the training sessions by the International Bureau for Children’s Rights (IBRC) fort he members of the International Tribunal for Children Rights (ITCR)
in September 2001 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina. The training materials compiled
and presented by Ms. Rachel Harvey from the Children and Armed Conflict Unit (a joint project of the Children’s Legal Centre, an independent charity, and the Human Rights Centre of
the University of Essex) were updated later on to reflect upon major aspects of international
humanitarian and human rights law relating to children affected by armed conflict. This publication aims at serving as a quick reference manual for those involved in researching, promoting and protecting the rights of children affected by armed conflict. It contains – among other
things – the major parts of international conventions and declarations.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.ibcr.org/ChildrenandArmedConflictGuide.pdf
http://www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/story_id/000044.pdf
Hardcopy: International Bureau for Children's Right, 1185 Saint Mathieu Street, Montréal,
QC H3H 2P7, Kanada, E-Mail: info@ibcr.org
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Machel, Graça:
Impact of armed conflict on children. Report of the expert of the Secretary-General, Ms.
Graça Machel, submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 48/157. New York (1996)
(78 Seiten)
Erster bahnbrechender Bericht im Auftrag der Vereinten Nationen („Machel-Report“) zur Kinderrechtsproblematik aus den Jahren 1994/96.
Elektronisch:
http://www.unicef.org/graca/ und http://www.unicef.org/graca/a51-306_en.pdf
Titel
......................
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement
of children in armed conflicts. (Fakultativprotokoll zum Übereinkommen über die Rechte
des Kindes betreffend die Beteiligung von Kindern an bewaffneten Konflikten) Adopted and
opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution
A/RES/54/263 of 25 May 2000, entry into force 12 February 2002. New York (2002).
35
Inhalt
Bezug
Das Fakultativprotokoll zur UN-Kinderrechtskonvention über die Beteiligung von Kindern an
bewaffneten Konflikten trat im Jahre 2002 in Kraft. Es setzt eine Altersgrenze von 18 Jahren
für die direkte Beteiligung an Kampfhandlungen, für die Wehrpflicht von Regierungsstreitkräften und für jede Form der Rekrutierung durch bewaffnete Gruppen fest. Staaten können die
Bewerbungen von 16-Jährigen als Freiwillige akzeptieren, müssen sich aber der Vertragsratifikation bindend zur Einhaltung verschiedener Sicherungsmaßnahmen bei der Rekrutierung
verpflichten.
Elektronisch: http://www.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/crc-conflict.pdf
Deutsche Übersetzung: http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/as/2002/3579.pdf
Titel
The report seeks to assess the progress that has been made in mainstreaming the concerns
of war-affected children in the United Nations system and the gaps that still exist in this regard. Mainstreaming of the concerns of children affected by armed conflict within key United
Nations entities and in system-wide activities is a critical element in the institution of the “era
of application” for the protection of war-affected children and ultimately the safeguarding and
improvement of their lives. Notable progress has been made, particularly in mainstreaming
this issue in the peace and security sector. This includes the systematic and concerted engagement of the Security Council and the integration of children’s issues in the context of
United Nations peacekeeping and into relevant thematic activities across the United Nations
system. Yet, the gains that have been made remain fragile and may dissipate if not consolidated and institutionalized. And, at the same time, conspicuous gaps exist in the United Nations system response that must be addressed. The report concludes that in order for the issue of children affected by armed conflict to emerge as a consistent cross-cutting issue in
United Nations policies and programmes there must be system-wide commitment and action
on this agenda. Translation into reality and practice requires the strong commitment of the
leaders of the key United Nations entities, together with mobilization and allocation of the
requisite financial and human resources as a matter of priority.
Bezug
Otunnu, Olara A.:
Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed
Conflict, 8 October 2004. New York (2004): UN (22 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
Elektronisch:
http://www.un.org/special-rep/children-armed-conflict/Download/A-59-426e.pdf
......................
Titel
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the
Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I). (Zusatzprotokoll zu
den Genfer Abkommen vom 12. August 1949 über den Schutz der Opfer internationaler bewaffneter Konflikte (Protokoll I)) Adopted on 8 June 1977 by the Diplomatic Conference on
the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed
Conflicts entry into force 7 December 1979, in accordance with Article 95.
Inhalt
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the
Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II). (Zusatzprotokoll
zu den Genfer Abkommen vom 12. August 1949 über den Schutz der Opfer nicht internationaler bewaffneter Konflikte (Protokoll II)) Adopted on 8 June 1977 by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in
Armed Conflicts entry into force 7 December 1978, in accordance with Article 23.
Texte der Zusatzprotokolle, mit Bezug zu Kindersoldaten.
36
Bezug
Elektronisch:
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/93.htm
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/94.htm
Deutsche Übersetzung:
http://www.jura.uni-sb.de/BGBl/TEIL2/1990/19901551.A20.HTML
http://www.jura.uni-sb.de/BGBl/TEIL2/1990/19901637.A20.HTML
Titel
Vom 11. – 17. September 2000 fand in Winnipeg/Kanada die bisher größte internationale
Konferenz zum Thema „Kinder und Krieg“ (International Conference on War-Affected
Children) statt. Insgesamt mehr als 500 StaatenvertreterInnen und ExpertInnen, darunter eine große Gruppe von mehr als 50 Jugendlichen aus Kanada und verschiedenen Krisenregionen, nahmen an den Diskussionen teil, die sich konkrete Aufträge zur Umsetzung der internationalen Standards zum Schutz der Rechte der Kinder zu Ziel gesetzt haben. Am Ende
standen umfangreiche Forderungskataloge der (jugendlichen) ExpertInnen (123 Forderungen
an die Regierungen, UNO und andere internationale Organisationen, nichtstaatliche Konfliktparteien, Unternehmen, NGOs, Medien, Forschungseinrichtungen und Jugendliche selbst)
sowie eine politische „Agenda für vom Krieg betroffene Kinder“ der anwesenden MinisterInnen.
Bezug
The Agenda for war-affected children (Agenda von Winnipeg für vom Krieg betroffene
Kinder), International Conference on War-Affected Children, 10 – 17 September 2000,
adopted on 17 September 2000. Winnipeg (2000).
Inhalt
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.unicef.org/children_conflict/ministerial-declaration-eng.pdf
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Römisches Statut des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs), of 17 July 1998, entered into force on 1 July 2002. Rom (1998).
Das römische Statut des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs (ICC) definiert jede Rekrutierung
von Kindern unter 15 Jahren, gleichgültig ob durch Regierungstruppen oder bewaffnete
Gruppen, und ihren aktiven Kampfeinsatz, sowohl in internationalen wie auch internen Konflikten als Kriegsverbrechen. Der ICC sieht die Möglichkeit der Ermittlung, Anklage und Bestrafung von Rekruteuren vor.
Elektronisch: http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/about/officialjournal/Rome_Statute_120704-EN.pdf
Deutsche Übersetzung: http://dip.bundestag.de/btd/14/026/1402682.pdf
Titel
......................
UN Security Council Resolution 1539: On Children and Armed Conflict. New York
(2004).
UN Security Council Resolution 1460: On Children and Armed Conflict / Immediate Halt
to the use of child soldiers. New York (2003).
(2001).
(2000).
UN Security Council Resolution 1296: On the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict.
New York (2000).
UN Security Council Resolution 1265: On the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict.
New York (1999).
(1999).
37
Inhalt
Resolutionstexte Nr. 1261, 1265, 1296, 1314, 1379, 1460 und 1539 des Sicherheitsrates der
Vereinten Nationen mit Bezug zu Kindersoldaten. Seit 1999 verurteilte eine Serie von UNSicherheitsratsresolutionen den Einsatz von Kindersoldaten und beschloß jedes Jahr schärfere Maßnahmen, um diese Praktiken zu beenden.
Bezug
Elektronisch:
Resolution 1539: http://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N04/318/63/pdf/N0431863.pdf?OpenElement
Resolution 1460: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7649.doc.htm
Resolution 1379: http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N01/651/10/PDF/N0165110.pdf?OpenElement
Resolution 1296: http://www.un.int/usa/sres1296.htm
Resolution 1261: http://www.un.int/usa/sres1261.htm
Titel
UNICEF, Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers:
Guide to the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New
York (2003): UNICEF, Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (71 Seiten).
Inhalt
Produced by UNICEF and the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, this publication is
an essential guide to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child related to children in armed conflict. It describes the context surrounding its adoption, efforts
supporting its objectives, key provisions and the legislative processes involved for signature
and ratification or accession.The Guide aims to support child rights advocates - including
government officials, child protection agencies, humanitarian workers and those involved in
national coalitions - in their work to generate momentum and support for ratification and implementation of the Optional Protocol.
Bezug
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/option_protocol_conflict.pdf
...............................................
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
1.3.2 Regional
Accra Declaration on War-Affected Children in West Africa. (Erklärung von Accra über
vom Krieg betroffene Kinder in Westafrika). ECOWAS-Meeting in Accra, 27-28 April 2000.
Text der Deklaration der Mitgliedsstaaten der Westafrikanischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft
(ECOWAS), in dem auch die Rechte von Kindern im Zusammenhang mit bewaffneten Konflikten und Kriegen sowie deren Rekrutierung angesprochen werden.
Elektronisch: http://www.waraffectedchildren.gc.ca/Declaration-en.asp
Französische Übersetzung: http://www.waraffectedchildren.gc.ca/Declaration-fr.asp
Inhalt
Titel
......................
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. (Afrikanische Charta für die
Rechte und das Wohl der Kinder). Addis Abeba (1990).
Text des Übereinkommens der OAU-Mitgliedsstaaten, in dem auch die Rechte von Kindern
im Zusammenhang mit bewaffneten Konflikten und Kriegen sowie deren Rekrutierung angesprochen werden.
38
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.itcilo.it/english/actrav/telearn/global/ilo/law/afchild.htm
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Amman Declaration on the Use of Children as Soldiers, adopted by the conference in
Amman, Jordanien, 8. bis 10. April 2001. Amman (2001).
Deklarationstext
Elektronisch: http://hrw.org/campaigns/crp/amman_declaration.htm
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Berlin Declaration on the Use of Children as Soldiers, adopted by the participants in the
European Conference on the Use of Children as Soldiers, held in Berlin, Germany, from 18 to
20 October 1999. Berlin (1999).
Deklarationstext
Elektronisch: http://www.hri.ca/children/reports/BerlinConf.html
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Cape Town Principles and best practice on the prevention of recruitment of children
into the armed forces and demobilization and social reintegration of child soldiers in
Africa, adopted by the participants in the Symposium on the Prevention of Recruitment of
Children into the Armed Forces and Demobilization and Social Reintegration of Child Soldiers
in Africa, organized by UNICEF in cooperation with the NGO Sub-group of the NGO Working
Group on the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Cape Town, 30 April 1997. Kapstadt
(1997).
Text der Erklärung
Elektronisch:
http://www.pitt.edu/~ginie/mounzer/conventions.html#Capetown%20Principles
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Declaration by the Nordic Foreign Ministers against the Use of Child Soldiers, signed in
Reykjavík on 29 August 1999. Reykjavík (1999).
Deklarationstext
Elektronisch: http://www.geocities.com/joelmermet/nordicdeclaration.html
......................
39
Titel
Inhalt
Europäisches Parlament:
European Parliament resolution on trafficking in children and child soldiers. Brüssel
(2003).
Entschließung zu den Kindersoldaten vom 17. Dezember 1998. Brüssel (1998).
Resolution aus dem Jahr 2003 sowie Entschließung von 1998 des Europäischen Parlaments
zur Problematik der Kindersoldaten.
Bezug
Elektronisch:
http://www2.europarl.eu.int/registre/seance_pleniere/textes_adoptes/definitif/2003/0703/0334/P5_TA(2003)0334_EN.doc
http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/pv2?PRG=DOCPV&APP=PV2&LANGUE=
DE&SDOCTA=13&TXTLST=5&POS=1&Type_Doc=RESOL&TPV=DEF&DATE=171298&
PrgPrev=PRG@TITRE|APP@PV2|TYPEF@TITRE|YEAR@98|Find@%6b%69%6e%64%
65%72|FILE@BIBLIO98|PLAGE@1&TYPEF=TITRE&NUMB=1&DATEF=981217
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Maputo Declaration on the Use of Children as Soldiers, adopted on the African Conference on the Use of children as Soldiers, Maputo, Mosambik, 19. bis 22. April 1999. Maputo
(1999)
Text der Deklaration
Elektronisch: http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/crp/maputo-declaration.htm
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Montevideo Declaration on the Use of Children as Soldiers, Latin American and Caribbean Conference on the Use of Child Soldiers, Montevideo, Uruguay, on 8 July 1999. Montevideo (1999).
Deklarationstext
Elektronisch: http://www.unesco.org/cpp/uk/declarations/montevideo.htm
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
OAS-Resolution: Children and Armed Conflicts, adopted at the first plenary session, held
on June 5, 2000. Washington (2000).
Resolutionstext der Organization of American States (OAS).
Elektronisch: http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/agres_1709_xxxo00.htm
......................
40
Titel
Inhalt
Bezug
Rat der Europäischen Union:
Leitlinien der EU zu Kindern und bewaffneten Konflikten vom 4. Dezember 2003. Brüssel (2003): EU (13 Seiten).
Leitlinientext
Elektronisch:
http://www.europarl.eu.int/meetdocs/committees/acp/20040122afpo/520039de.pdf
...........................................
Titel
Druba, Volker:
The Problem of Child Soldiers, in: International Review of Education, 48 (2002), 3/4, S. 271
– 278.
Inhalt
In today’s world, the number of child soldiers is estimated between 200,000 and 500,000. It is
extremely rare for wealthier children from urban areas to be recruited. Most of the child soldiers come from the poor and marginal sectors of society or from the actual conflict zones
themselves. They are in fact “child labourers” working under appalling conditions. Few of
them have the ability to cope with the identity crises involved. Children are involved in different types of war. In trying to stop their participation in armed conflicts, local and international
non-governmental organisations are publishing case studies. Some of these studies focus on
the experiences and aftereffects of child soldiering, especially by means of photographs, quotations and drawings. There are also studies undertaken by the UN, but academic research is
just at the beginning. Actually, we do not know all those situations and circumstances in
which child soldiers are involved. But it is assumed that young and active child soldiers with
disrupted family backgrounds suffer the most. Pedagogical interventions to reduce child soldiering are mainly concerned with primary education, vocational training, social services and
the new concepts of education for reconstruction and education for reconciliation. A number
of accounts of experiences and proposals for rehabilitation and reintegration programmes
have already been published. Education does matter, but this alone cannot prevent child soldiering. Observing their legal protection is essential. But it is only possible to reduce the involvement of children in war if the political leaders are more interested in the welfare of the
child than in military strategies.
Bezug
1.4 Bildung
Elektronisch:
http://springerlink.metapress.com/media/3D325D0UVN0RYKFTWC2L/Contributions/X/7/3/8/
X738X20G12206KG0.pdf
Titel
......................
Haas, Jan W.:
Kinder Krisen und Kanonen. Dokumentation zweier Workshops zur Gewalt- und Krisenprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen auf den Eschborner Fachtagen 2003. Eschborn
(2003): Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH (24 Seiten).
41
Inhalt
Kinder und Jugendliche sind von Kriegs- und Gewalterfahrungen besonders betroffen: Sie
werden oftmals zu Tätern, die für ihre Taten eigentlich noch keine Verantwortung übernehmen können. Die Bilder von Kindersoldaten aus Liberia sind hierfür sicherlich nur eine besonders drastische Illustration. Viele sind von Gewalt und dem Spiel mit Waffen fasziniert.
Durch sie bekommen sie Aufmerksamkeit und Anerkennung. Zugleich sind Kinder und Jugendliche häufig Opfer von Gewalt. Sie tragen körperliche wie auch psychische Verletzungen
davon. In einem Klima der Aggression, des Misstrauens und der Angst lernen Kinder nicht,
wie Konflikte friedlich gelöst werden können und was Sicherheit bedeutet. Kinder und Jugendliche gelten jedoch durch ihr hohes Maß an Kreativität und Innovationsfähigkeit als treibende Kraft für gesellschaftlichen Wandel. Sie sind Hoffnungsträger für eine gewaltfreie Konfliktbearbeitung, die auf Versöhnung und Verständigung setzt. Die Stärkung von Jugendlichen durch Instrumente der Krisen- und Gewaltprävention ist daher für eine nachhaltige Entwicklungszusammenarbeit von zentraler Bedeutung. Dies gilt insbesondere für Kriegs- und
Krisengebiete. Einige dieser Ansätze und Instrumente, die Friedens- und Jugendförderung
miteinander verbinden, wurden auf zwei der insgesamt 14 Workshops der Eschborner Fachtage 2003 vorgestellt und diskutiert: „Kinder und Jugendliche in Krisen und Konflikten“ sowie
„Kids und Kanonen: Jugendliche und Gewalt“ zeigten, dass Friedens- und Jugendförderung
eng miteinander verzahnt sind und einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entschärfung innergesellschaftlicher Krisen leisten können.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www2.gtz.de/smallarms/downloads/kinder-krisen-und-kanonen.pdf
Hardcopy: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Postfach
5180, 65726 Eschborn, E-Mail: Melanie.Seegraef@gtz.de
Titel
The article examines the theoretical and conceptual debate about the teaching of peace and
conflict resolution skills, also with regard to former child soldiers. Peace education faces
complex and even contradictory challenges. For example, the tension between individual behavioural patterns at micro level and social policy actions at macro level cannot be dismantled. The article explores the various intervention options available within formal and nonformal education.
Bezug
Schell Faucon, Stephanie:
Conflict Transformation through Educational and Youth Programs, in: Austin, Alex;
Fischer, Martina; Ropers, Norbert (Hrsg.): Transforming Ethnopolitical Conflict. The Berghof
Handbook for Conflict Transformation. Wiesbaden (2004): Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Inhalt
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.berghof-handbook.net/articles/schell_faucon_hb.pdf
Titel
Die Studie umreißt den Themenkomplex Bildung im Zeichen von Gewalt, Konflikten und
Kriegen. Dabei werden historischer, wissenschaftlicher und rechtlicher Rahmen sowie Möglichkeiten von Friedenspädagogik sowie von Grundbildung im Zeichen von Gewaltkonflikten
erörtert. Ehemalige Kindersoldaten werden als Zielgruppe bei der Grundbildungsförderung im
Zusammenhang von Konfliktbearbeitung, Traumabearbeitung und Bildungsintegration begriffen.
Bezug
Seitz, Klaus:
Bildung und Konflikt. Die Rolle von Bildung bei der Entstehung, Prävention und Bewältigung gesellschaftlicher Krisen – Konsequenzen für die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Hrsg. von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH,
Eschborn. Wiesbaden (2004): Universum (98 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
Auch erhältlich in Englisch (Education and Conflict, 92 Seiten).
......................
42
Titel
Servir (Thema der Ausgabe: Child soldiers. Educating to protect children. Education,
Aceh, Namibia, Grands Lacs, Liberia), (2004) 33.
Inhalt
Die Zeitschrift des Jesuit Refugee Service USA thematisiert das Leid von Flüchtlingen weltweit. In der Ausgabe vom Dezember 2004 widmet sich Servir den Kindersoldaten vor dem
Hintergrund von Bildung.
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www.jrsusa.org/servir/serv33en.pdf
Hardcopy: Jesuit Refugee Service USA, 1616 P Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC
20036-1420, Vereinigte Staaten, E-Mail: jrsusa@jesuit.org
...............................
Titel
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies:
Psycho-social assistance for children affected by armed conflict. Genf (1999): International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (69 Seiten).
Inhalt
The report analyses the psycho-social effects of armed conflict on children, establishes principles and strategies for psycho-social assistance to children affected by armed conflict, and
proposes a number of activities drawn from the experience of many National Societies and
international organisations in this field.
Bezug
1.5 Psychologische Betreeung
Hardcopy: Administration Department, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, PO Box 372, 1211 Genf 19, Schweiz, E-Mail: guidera@ifrc.org
Titel
Les enfants-soldats: dès 10 ans parfois, ce sont les plus cruels des combattants et ils ont répandu la terreur au Liban, au Sri Lanka, en ex-Zaïre, en Sierra Leone… Il seraient 300 000
de par le monde, 300 000 victimes devenues à leur tour bourreaux. Comment en arrivent-ils
là ? Que deviennent-ils après les combats ? Quel avenir pour ces enfants qui n’ont rien appris d’autre que le maniement des armes ? Mouzayan Osseiran-Houbballah, psychanalyste
et psychologue, démonte les mécanismes de la violence à l’œuvre chez ces acteures de
guerres qui les dépassent.
Bezug
Osseiran-Houbballah, Mouzayan:
Enfant-soldat – Un instrument de mort dans une guerre d’adultes. Paris (2003): Odile
Jacob (240 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
...................................
Titel
Gleichmann, Colin et al.:
Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration. A practical field and classroom guide.
Eschborn u.a. (2004): Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
u.a. (152 Seiten).
Inhalt
1.6 Praktische Leitfäden
This book is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of all aspects of DDR operations,
including the reintegration of former child soldiers. It is a training book for upper and middle
management staff in specialised organisations that are involved in DDR programmes. This is
not an academic book on peacekeeping or on development projects. This book brings together know-how from very different professional fields and explains solutions to common
problems in DDR programmes.
43
Bezug
Elektronisch: http://www2.gtz.de/smallarms/downloads/handbook.pdf
Hardcopy: Colin Gleichmann, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)
GmbH, Postfach 5180, 65726 Eschborn, E-Mail: ddrhandbook@gtz.de
Titel
Adopting and enforcing strong laws protecting children, overseeing government activity, allocating financial resources, raising awareness and providing advocacy are what parliamentarians can do to help alleviate children's suffering. This IPU/UNICEF co-publication,
launched at the IPU’s 110th International Assembly in April 2004, serves as a catalyst for action, providing examples of parliamentarians’ responses to the challenges of child protection
and addressing 10 specific protection issues.
Bezug
Inter-Parliamentary Union and UNICEF:
Child Protection: A Handbook for Parliamentarians. New York (2004): Inter-Parliamentary
Union (169 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
Elektronisch: http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Guide_Enfants_OK.pdf
Titel
McConnan, Isobel; Uppard, Sarah:
Children - Not Soldiers: Guidelines for working with child soldiers and children associated with fighting forces. London (2001): Save the Children (348 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
The recruitment and use of an estimated 300,000 boys and girls in armed conflicts across the
world is now widely recognised as a violation of children's rights that demands a robust international response. The strengthening of international law and recognition of the problem of
children's military recruitment by the UN Security Council are important achievements. However, these initiatives must be complemented by practical measures that give children, their
families and communities viable alternatives to recruitment, that prioritise the release and
demobilisation of children form fighting forces and support their reintegration. Children - Not
Soldiers provides guidance for those working with children directly involved in armed conflict
on these and other key areas. Drawing on existing and emerging lessons of experience from
different countries, it highlights issues of special concern and areas where further research is
needed. It will be useful for people working directly with children as well as for managers and
policy-makers.
Bezug
Hardcopy: Save the Children, 1 St. John's Lane,London EC1M AR, Vereinigtes Königreich,
E-Mail: supporter.care@savethechildren.org.uk
Elektronisch:
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/1375_ChildrenNotSoldiers1-4.pdf
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/1376_ChildrenNotSoldiers5-8.pdf
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/1372_ ChildrenNotSoldiers9-13.pdf
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/1373_ChildrenNotSoldiers14-end.pdf
Auch erhältlich in Französisch (Des enfants, pas des soldats, 408 Seiten):
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/1374_ChildrenNotSoldiersFrench.pdf
Titel
......................
Save The Children:
A Fighting Chance. London (2004): Save the Children (120 Seiten).
44
Inhalt
The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance to policy-makers, advocacy initiatives and
field-based programmes. It offers a policy framework, drawing out some recommendations
based on global lessons learned. The Save the Children Alliance ‘Guidelines and implications
for programming on children associated with armed groups and armed forces (CAAF)’ stipulate that regardless of whether children associated with armed groups and armed forces are
in combat roles or so-called support roles, Save the Children believes that children should not
be used in war or other forms of armed conflict under any circumstances. The varying factors
determining recruitment, the nature of children's association with armed groups and armed
forces and the ways in which they leave them means that programmes designed to prevent
their participation, promote their release and support reintegration into communities will depend on a solid understanding of the evolving social, political and economic factors and the
priorities for action. These guidelines reflect the combined experience and thinking of International Save the Children Alliance members who have worked with children associated with
armed groups and armed forces.
Bezug
Elektronisch:
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/temp/scuk/cache/cmsattach/1956_A%20Fighting%20Chance_2004.pdf
Hardcopy: Save the Children UK, 1 St John’s Lane, London EC1M 4AR, Vereinigtes Königreich, E-Mail: publications@savethechildren.org.uk
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Gow, Melanie; Vandergift, Kathy; Wanduragala, Randini:
The Right to Peace. Children and armed conflict (Working Papers, No. 2). Monrovia
(2000): World Vision International (104 Seiten).
Das Dokument stellt Strategien und einen Maßnahmenkatalog für Regierungen, internationale Organisationen und Nichtregierungsorganisationen vor.
Elektronisch: http://www.wvi.org/imagine/pdf/RighttoPeace.pdf
Hardcopy: World Vision International, 800 West Chestnut Avenue, Monrovia, CA 910163198, Vereinigte Staaten
...................................
Titel
Children in war posters. Genf (2002): Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (4 Poster).
Inhalt
The life, health and dignity of children caught up in armed conflict require particular attention,
so that the fighting will not endanger their future. This series of four posters focuses on the
protection of children in war, child soldiers, restoring family links and rehabilitation. The posters highlight the specific problems facing children affected by armed conflict and promote respect for the laws that protect them.
Subjects: Child-soldier poster, Families torn apart poster, Shattered childhoods poster, General children in war poster.
Bezug
1.7 Sonstige Materialien
Ansicht: http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList528/31211F2D292B286441256C79002E9140
Erhältlich in Englisch, Französisch und Spanisch.
Titel
......................
Internationale Arbeitsorganisation (ILO) :
An exploratory study on the phenomenon of child soldiers and the participation of
children in armed conflict in Central and Western Mindanao, Philippines. Rapid Assessment Questionnaire. Genf (2001): ILO (11 Seiten).
45
Inhalt
Bezug
Muster-Fragebogen für Interviews mit Kindersoldaten (in Englisch und Maguindanao).
Elektronisch:
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/simpoc/philippines/ra/quest_soldiers.pdf
.......................................
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
1.8 Bibliographien
Child Soldiers Bibliography. London (2005): Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (39
Seiten).
Auflistung einer großen Anzahl von Materialien ab Mitte der neunziger Jahre zur Problematik
der Kindersoldaten, primär aus dem anglophonen Sprachraum. Aktualisiert im Januar 2005.
Elektronisch: http://www.child-soldiers.org/resources/solereport-jan05.pdf
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Jansen, Anne; Roeske, Claudia:
Kindersoldaten in Afrika. Annotierte Online-Bibliographie. Hamburg (2003): Deutsches
Übersee-Institut (7 Seiten).
Bibliographie zur Kindersoldaten-Problematik auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent, erstellt im
Februar 2003.
Elektronisch:
http://www.duei.de/dok/de/content/bibliographien/pdf/dok-line_afrika_2003_1.pdf
Bezug
Inhalt
Titel
......................
Merabet, Hind; Gatak, Saran:
Children and armed conflict bibliography. New York (2001): Social Science Research
Council (164 Seiten).
Umfangreiche Bibliographie mit älterer Literatur bis einschließlich Mai 2001.
Elektronisch:
http://www.ssrc.org/programs/children/publications/CAC-Bibliography.pdf
.........................................
46
Titel
Nous sommes au milieu de l’année 1997 quand éclate une guerre civile au CongoBrazzaville. La plupart des Etats-Majors politiques von engager des jeunes gens pour défendre leur cause respective. Dans cette escalade de violence, ces enfants soldats, mineurs
pour la plupart, vont être intégrés dans les milices privées pour participer à une guerre dont
ils ne maîtrisent aucunement l’issue. Recruté dans son village, le jeune Makoutou sera initié
aux techniques de la guérilla urbaine, jusqu’à devenir un chef de groupe. Mitrailleuse à la
main, il sera tueur, pilleur, violeur, barbare… C’est dans ce contexte que Makoutou croit pouvoir se forger un destin,
Bezug
Boutsindi, Patrick-Serge:
L'enfant soldat. Roman. Paris (2002): L'Harmattan (78 Seiten).
Inhalt
1.9 Belletristik
Titel
Le ciel se couvre dangereusement sur Nougibé, petit village de l'Ouest africain.
Mais cela n'empêche pas le jeune Birma et son ami Martin de partir dans la forêt,
armés de leur morceau de bois en guise de "Kalach" pour "jouer à la guerre". Le
jeu rattrape vite la réalité quand deux hommes les interpellent. Nos deux héros
se retrouvent rapidement en plein cœur de la forêt, dans un campement de
rebelles où les coups de feu retentissent et où les enfants défilent déguisés en
soldats... Birma tente de se convaincre qu'il s'agit là d'un mauvais rêve, mais
l'arrivée dans sa cabane d'un jeune caporal à peine plus âgé que lui le ramène à
la réalité. Il est maintenant un enfant soldat.
Bezug
Defossez, J.-M. :
Les enfants soldats. Jugendroman. Paris (2004): Michalon.
Inhalt
......................
Titel
Die Autorin setzt sich in ihrem Beitrag mit der Verarbeitung der Kindersoldaten-Problematik
durch afrikanische Literat/innen. Drei Romane werden analysiert: „Sozaboy“ von Ken SaroWiwa, „Allah muss nicht gerecht sein“ von Ahmadou Kourouma und „Sie nahmen mir meine
Mutter und gaben mir ein Gewehr“ von China Keitetsi.
Bezug
Herzberger-Fofana, Pierrette:
Kinder im Krieg im Kontext der afrikanischen Literatur, in: Internationales Afrikaforum, 39
(2003), 1, S. 77 – 86.
Inhalt
......................
Titel
......................
Keitetsi, China:
Sie nahmen mir die Mutter und gaben mir ein Gewehr. Berlin (2003): Ullstein (317 Seiten).
47
Inhalt
Bezug
Die Erzählung basiert auf den erschütternden Erlebnissen der ehemaligen Kindersoldatin
China Keitetsi, die heute, 27 Jahre alt, in Schweden lebt. Die Erzählung spielt zwischen 1982
und 1992 in Uganda. Keitetsi wird im Alter von 10 Jahren durch die aufständische National
Resistance Army unter dem heutigen Staatspräsidenten Yoweri Museni zwangrekrutiert und
ist fortan Dogen, Gewalt sowie Vergewaltigungen ausgesetzt.
Titel
In Westafrika herrscht Krieg, und der zwölfjährige Waise Birahima hat nur eine Chance, um
in diesem Chaos zu überleben: Er muss Kindersoldat werden. An der Seite eines erfahrenen
Fetischpriesters aus seinem Heimatdorf erlebt er dabei unvorstellbare Grausamkeiten, aber
auch Momente, die erfüllt sind von der Magie seiner Vorfahren und der Schönheit seines
Landes. Und diese Augenblicke geben Birahima die Kraft, niemals aufzugeben.
Bezug
Kourouma, Ahmadou :
Allah muss nicht gerecht sein. München (2004): Goldmann.
Inhalt
......................
Titel
In the Shadow of the Lion is a novel that tells the story of a young girl caught in the grip of internal armed conflict in Africa. It covers issues that humanitarian agencies are grappling with:
the problems of people who have lost their homes and possessions, child soldiers, the proliferation of small arms, the abuse of women and girls. The purpose of this novel is to educate
young readers on possible responses in humanitarian emergencies, should they ever find
themselves in such a crisis.
Bezug
Piasecki, Jerry:
Marie: In the Shadow of the Lion. A Humanitarian Novel. New York (2000): UN Publications (116 Seiten).
Inhalt
......................
Hardcopy: United Nations Publications, 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-853
New York, NY 10017, Vereinigte Staaten, E-Mail: publications@un.org ; https://unp.un.org/
48
...................................
2. LINKS
► http://www.kindersoldaten.de/
http://www.tdh.de/
terre des hommes Deutschland e.V.
Hilfe für Kinder in Not
Ruppenkampstraße 11a
49084 Osnabrück
Postfach 4126
49031 Osnabrück
Telefon: 0541-7101-0
Telefax: 0541-7072-33
E-Mail: info@tdh.de
►
http://www.kindersoldaten.info/
Die Deutsche Koordination Kindersoldaten ist ein Bündnis von zehn Nichtregierungsorganisationen. Das Bündnis versteht sich als Zweig der internationalen Coalition
to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, die es seit 1998 gibt.
Mitglieder: amnesty international, Deutsches Jugendrotkreuz, Kindernothilfe, Deutsches Nationalkomitee des Lutherischen Weltbundes, medico international, Missio, terre des hommes und World
Vision Deutschland.
►
http://www.amnesty.org/
amnesty international (ai)
International Secretariat
1 Easton Street
London WC1X 0DW
Telefon: ++44-20-74135500
Telefax: ++44-20-79561157
►
http://www.amnesty.de
amnesty international (ai)
Sektion der Bundesrepublik Deutschland e.V.
53108 Bonn
Telefon: 0228-98373-0
Telefax: 0228-630036
E-Mail: info@amnesty.de
►
http://www.child-soldiers.org/
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers
International Secretariat
2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor
London N1 9HF
Telefon: ++44-20-7713-2761
Telefax: +44-20-7713-2794
E-Mail: info@child-soldiers.org
Mitgliedessektionen u.a. in Australien, Belgien, Brasilien,
Deutschland, Ecuador, Italien, Jordanien, Kolumbien,
Paraguay, Peru, Spanien, Venezuela und den Vereinigten Staaten.
Mitglieder des Child Soldiers Coalition Steering Commit-
49
tee sind amnesty international, Defence for Children International, Human Rights Watch, International Federation terre des hommes, International Save the Children
Alliance, Jesuit Refugee Service, Quakers United Nations Office und World Vision International.
►
http://www.mapw.org.au/childsoldiers/childind.htm Australian Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers
Medical Association for Prevention of War Australia
(MAPW)
PO Box 1379
Carlton, VIC 3053
Australien
Telefon: ++61-3-8344-1637
Telefax: ++61-3-8344-1638
E-Mail: mapw@mapw.org.au
►
http://www.enfant-soldat.be/
http://www.kindsoldaat.be/
Coalition belge contre l’utilisation d’enfants soldats
c/o UNICEF Belgique
Yves Willemot, Coordinateur
Liesbet Mignolet
Avenue des Arts, 20 b18
1000 Bruxelles
Belgien
Telefon: ++3-2230-59-70
Telefax : ++3-2230-34-62
E-Mail : ywillemot@unicef.be
mignolet@unicef.be
►
http://www.coalico.org/index.htm
Coalición contra la vinculación de niños, niñas y jóvenes
al conflicto armado en Colombia
Kolumbien
Telefon: ++571- 5447522
E-Mail: coalico@elsitio.net.co
►
http://www.bambinisoldato.it/
La coalizione italiana "Stop all'uso dei bambini soldato"
Davide Cavazza, coordinatore
Amnesty international - Sezione Italiana
Via G. B. De Rossi, 10
00161 Roma
Italien
Telefon: ++39-06-44901
Telefax: ++39-06-4490222
E-Mail: coalizione.bambini@amnesty.it
►
http://www.cns.org.py/
Coalición Latinoamericana para acabar con la utilización
de niños como soldados
Lillo 2385 1er piso casi Maldonado
Asunción
Paraguay
Telefon: ++59521-661-656
E-Mail: cnslatina@telesurf.com.py
►
http://www.child-soldiers-mena.org/
Midde East-North Africa Network to Stop the Use of
Children as Soldiers Regional Secretariat,
50
P. O. Box 830758
Amman 11183
Jordanien
Telefon/Telefax: ++9626-5656837/9
Telefon: ++9626-5422660
E-Mail: mero.afsc@cyberia.jo
nuham@hotmail.com
coordinator@child-soldiers-mena.org
►
http://www.menoressoldado.org/
Coalición Española para acabar con la utilización de
niños como soldados
Amnistía Internacional
C/ Fernando VI, 8. 1º izquierda
28004 Madrid
Spanien
Telefon: ++34-902-119-133
Telefax ++34-913-195-334
E-Mail: info@menoressoldado.org
►
http://www.unhchr.ch
http://www.ohchr.org/english/
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations Office at Geneva
1211 Genf 10
Schweiz
Telefax: ++41-22-917-9022
E-Mail: tb-petitions@ohchr.org
►
http://www.unicef.org
UNICEF House
3 United Nations Plaza
New York, NY 10017
Vereingte Staaten
E-Mail: pubdoc@unicef.org
►
http://www.unicef.de/kinder_im_krieg.html
Deutschen Komitees für UNICEF e.V.
Höninger Weg 104
50969 Köln
Telefon: 0221-93650-0
Telefax: 0221-93650-279
E-Mail: mail@unicef.de
►
http://www.hrw.org/children
Human Rights Watch
350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor
New York, NY 10118-3299
Vereingte Staaten
Telefon: ++1-212-290-4700
Telefax: ++1-212-736-1300
E-Mail: hrwnyc@hrw.org
►
http://www.waraffectedchildren.gc.ca
E-Mail: webmaster@dfait-maeci.gc.ca
Informationsseite der kanadischen Regierung zur Kindersoldatenproblematik
►
http://www.nrc.no/
Norwegian Refugee Council / Flyktninghjelpen
51
Postboks 6758
St. Olavs plass
0130 Oslo
Norwegen
Telefon: ++47-2310-9800
Telefax: ++47-2310-98 01
E-Mail: nrc@nrc.no
►
http://www.idpproject.org/
The Global IDP Project
Norwegian Refugee Council
Chemin de Balexert 7-9
1219 Châtelaine
Schweiz
Telefon: ++41-22-799-07-00
Telefax: ++41-22-799-07-01
E-Mail: frederik.kok@nrc.ch
►
http://www.crin.org
http://www.childrenandviolence.org
Child Rights Information Network (CRIN)
c/o Save the Children
1 St John's Lane
London EC1M 4AR
Telefon: ++44-20-7012-6865
Telefax: ++44-20-7012-6952
E-Mail: info@crin.org
►
http://www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/
The Children and Armed Conflict Unit
The Children's Legal Centre
University of Essex
Wivenhoe Park
Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ
Telefon: ++44-1206-872-466
Telefax: ++44-1206-874-026
E-Mail: armedcon@essex.ac.uk
►
http://www.ppu.org.uk/chidren/
Peace Pledge Union
1 Peace Passage
London N7 0BT
Telefon: ++44-20-7424-9444
Telefax: ++44-20-7482-6390
E-Mail: jan@ppu.org.uk
►
http://www.warchild.org/
http://www.warchild.ca
War Child Canada
401 Richmond St. West
Suite #420
Toronto, ON M5V 3A8
Kanada
Telefon: ++1-416-971-7474
Telefax: ++1-416-971-7946
E-Mail: info@warchild.ca
►
http://www.warchild.nl/
Warchild Nederland
52
Postbus 10018
1001 EA Amsterdam
Niederlande
Telefon: ++31-20-422-7777
Telefax: ++31-20-420-4716
E-Mail: info@warchild.nl
►
http://www.warchild.org.uk/
Warchild United Kingdom
5-7 Anglers Lane
London NW5 3DG
Telefon: ++44-20-7916-9276
Telefax: +44-20-7916-9280
►
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/
Save the Children
1 St. John's Lane
London EC1M 4AR
Telefon: ++44-20-7012-6400
Telefax: ++44-20-7012-6963
E-Mail: supporter.care@savethechildren.org.uk
►
http://www.geneva.quno.info/
The Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO)
Quaker House
13 Avenue du Mervelet
1209 Genf
Schweiz
Telefon: ++41-22-748-48-00
Telefax: ++41-22-748-48-19
E-Mail: quno@quno.ch
►
http://www.icrc.org
Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR)
19 avenue de la Paix
1202 Genf
Schweiz
Telefon: ++41-22-734-60-01
Telefax: ++41-22-733-20-57
E-Mail: cid.gva@icrc.org
►
http://www.child-rights.org
http://www.wvi.org
World Vision International
800 West Chestnut Avenue
Monrovia, CA 91016-3198
Vereinigte Staaten
E-Mail: newsvision@wvi.org
►
http://www.berghof-center.org
Berghof Forschungszentrum für konstruktive Konfliktforschung
Altensteinstraße 48a
14195 Berlin
Telefon: 030-844154-0
Telefax: 030-844154-99
E-Mail: info@berghof-center.org
53
►
http://www.womenscommission.org
http://www.watchlist.org
(Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict)
Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children
122 East 42nd Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10168-1289
Vereinigte Staaten
Telefon: ++1-212-551-3088 / ++1-212- 551-3111
Telefax: ++1-212-551-3180
E-Mail: info@womenscommission.org
(watchlist@womenscommission.org)
►
http://www.mdrp.org
Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program
(MDRP) Secretariat
Great Lakes Africa Region MSN J6–603
The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
Vereinigte Staaten
Telefax: ++1-202-437-8229
E-Mail: info@mdrp.org
►
http://www.irinnews.org
Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), part of the UN
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
c/o UNDP
P.O Box 30218
Nairobi
Kenia
Telefon: ++254-2-622147
E-Mail: irin@ocha.unon.org
►
http://www.peacebuild.ca
David Lord, Coordinator
Canadian Peacebuilding Coordination Committee
1, Nicholas Street, #1216
Ottawa, ON K1N 7B7
Kanada
Telefon: ++1-613-241-3446
Telefax: ++1-613-241-4846
E-Mail: cpcc@web.ca
►
http://www.dnklwb.de
Deutsches Nationalkomitee des Lutherischen Welt-
bundes
Diemershaldenstraße 45
70184 Stuttgart
Telefon 0711-2159-572
Telefax 0711-2159-123
E-Mail: LWB@diakonie.de
►
http://www.netzwerk-afrika-deutschland.de/
Netzwerk Afrika Deutschland e.V.
Sträßchensweg 3
53115 Bonn
Telefon: 0228-923930-0 (44)
Telefax: 0228-923930-49
E-Mail: nad.bonn@netzwerkafrika.de
►
http://www.ibcr.org/
International Bureau for Children's Right
1185 Saint Mathieu Street
54
Montréal, QC H3H 2P7
Kanada
Telefon: ++1-514-932-7656
Telefax: ++1-514-932-9453
E-Mail: info@ibcr.org
►
http://www.un.org/special-rep/childrenarmed-conflict/English/index.html
Office of the Special Representative
of the Secretary-General for
Children and Armed Conflict
United Nations, Room S-3161
New York, NY 10017
Vereinigte Staaten
Telefon: ++1-212-963-3178
Telefax: ++1-212-963-0807
►
http://www.yapi.org
Youth Advocate Program International
4545 42nd Street, NW, Suite 209
Washington , DC 20016
Vereinigte Staaten
Telefon: ++1-202-244-1986
Telefax: ++1-202-244 -6396
E-Mail: yapi@yapi.org
►
http://www.iss.co.za
http://www.smallarmsnet.org
Institute for Security Studies
P.O. Box 1787
Brooklyn Square
Pretoria 0075
Südafrika
Telefon: ++27-12-346-9500/2
Telefax: ++27-12-460-0998
E-Mail: iss@iss.org.za
►
http://www.cdi.org/program/index.cfm?programid=21
The Center for Defense Information (CDI)
1779 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington D.C. 20036-2109
Vereinigte Staaten
Telefon : ++1-202-332-0600
Telefax : ++1-202-462-4559
E-Mail: info@cdi.org
►
http://www.ssrc.org/programs/children/
International Research Network on Children & Armed
Conflict
Social Science Research Council
810 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10019
Vereinigte Staaten
Telefon: ++1-212-377-2700
Telefax: ++1-212-377-2727
E-Mail: info@ssrc.org
►
http://www.violencestudy.org
United Nations Secretary General’s Study on Violence
Against Children
B.P. 48
1211 Genf 20 CIC
55
Schweiz
E-Mail: secretariat@sgsvac.org
►
http://www2.gtz.de/smallarms/
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit
(GTZ) GmbH
Kleinwaffenkontrolle
Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-5
65760 Eschborn
Postfach 5180
65726 Eschborn
Telefon: 06196-79-0
Telefax: 06196-79-6310
E-Mail: smallarms.control@gtz.de
56

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