Maria de Lourdes

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Maria de Lourdes

Arq. Ma. De Lourdes Sandoval Martiñón. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Azcapotzalco.
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“Spaces for children´s play in Mexico City (Research) 5 July, 2011.
Arq. E.P.J. Ma. De Lourdes Sandoval Martiñón. Universidad Autónoma MetropolitanaAzcapotzalco. México.
Keywords: Recreation for children, playgrounds, urban planning for children.
PRESENTATION.
th
On January 26 of 2010 President Calderon announced that Mexico is the country with the
highest rate of children with overweight and obesity worldwide. This fact is related to a number of
factors of all kinds, shows insufficient concern for the needs of a segment of the population that
should be guaranteed access to a decent life, full and happiness, as it is established in United
Nations documents about children´s rights:
Declaration of the Rights of the Child
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Proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in its resolution 1386 (XIV) of November 20 of
1959.
Principle 7
…”The child shall have full opportunity for play and recreation, which should be directed
to the same purposes as education; society and public authorities shall endeavor to
promote the enjoyment of this right”.
Thirty years later, in 1989, the same organism, elaborated a new document that let
stand in extended, through a series of articles, the fundamental rights of children, and
opened for signature by the State Members for their governments to commit actions to
meet and satisfy the basic needs of childhood:
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ONU,1959.
“Spaces for children´s play in Mexico City”
1
Convention on the Rights of the Child
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Adopted and opened for signature and ratification by the General Assembly on the
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resolution 44/25, of November 20 of 1989.
Artícle 31
1. The participant States recognize the right of children to rest and leisure, play and
recreational activities appropriate to their age and to participate freely in cultural life and
arts.
In this declaration of the children´s rights,
established
that
childhood
have
recognized
inalienable rights, without distinction of race, gender,
social status, physical condition, that must be
provided by special care and protection, to be seek
an improvement of their quality of life, especially in
developing countries, and that is the responsibility of
the State to promote the right to participate in cultural,
artistic, recreational and leisure life.
Playground. Aragón Zoo, Mexico City,
2004.
Specifically Article 31, states that every child
has the right to recreation and play, and undoubtedly
these activities constitute a unique source of
possibilities to explore the world, meet other children,
to synchronize their motor development, develop
habilities and physical skills when they run, jump,
balances, but also acquire social skills, tolerance and
self-esteem to learn to agree to play, how to play,
win or lose.
Playground on Chapultepec, 2008.
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ONU,1989.
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All of this diverse mix of actions that shape the early years of personality and character of
childrens, require a specific time and space. On their free time, children should have a
corresponding space in the urban fabric for the game: a plot near the house, a park, a playground
module.
In developing of the story of how and where children play, stands out for its social value that
could be considered the "third space of game": the space outside the home and the school
complies with the task of providing the child the place to meet other children and play with them
freely and exercise their free will, and not by instructions from teachers, but because he loves and
plays with other children according what to play. This third area is traditionally the one that is near
home, and may be the courtyard of the neighborhood, the street of the housing unit, the yard or
neighborhood park close to home, and even the street itself that has been overcome in some way
the need for children to play soccer, ride a bike or playing some recreational activities that have
been carried out traditionally in these areas of Mexico City.
Play spaces
home
school
Third
space
(courtyards, squares, gardens, streets, public parks)
While the child has traditionally adapted to the conditions and possibilities of the spaces of
their home, school or public recreational spaces to play, we need to study what has been offering to
children from the perspective of urban planning, architecture, landscape architecture and industrial
design, to evaluate the quality of "third space of game", specifically for playgrounds.
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ELEMENTS TO CONSIDER IN THE DESIGN OF PLAYGROUNDS IN PUBLIC SPACES.
Multiple aspects should be taken into account by the designer of these urban landscapes for
conceptualization, functional, legal, regulatory, administrative. There is where our interest address
the issue of playgrounds and recreational areas within the context of the conformation of an urban
landscape and socio-cultural values.
Design within the space.
These play areas should be designed by a detailed analysis of the physical and spatial
qualities that must have the area for the game:
User needs:
Children in different ages
The person who is carrying the child to play space
The furniture for the game:
Physical Recreation
Mental Recreation
Traditional games
The playing surface:
Pavement design, pavement materials
Abiotic Elements:
Sun
Air
Water
Ground
Biotic Elements:
Trees, shrubs, flowers, grasses, fauna
Multi-sensory elements:
colors, shapes, smells, textures
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Indeed, the design should address practical issues that meet the needs of children at different
ages, as people who take the child to game space, it must have adequate furniture for those ages
and do not present any danger to preserve the integrity of the child when he use it well, the floor is
of utmost importance, as is frequently used gravel that can cause scratches when a child falls.
On the other hand, the relationship with the environment should be harmonious, to take
advantage of the unevenness of the floor coverings, dialogue with trees, shrubs, plants, being in
contact with the sun, air, water the earth, when the child can sit and watch the sky, rotated by green
slopes, begins to question the process of natural cycles and therefore have a knowledge of the
medium: when they observe that certain trees are shedding leaves in a season, when they enjoy
the flight and bird´s songs, wrapping them in a world of elements for the enjoyment of the senses
(multi-sensory elements). But in urban places is very difficult to have an approximation to nature,
and the need-to-child see the blue sky, fresh air breath, jump the trees, hear the bird's songs, and
have the possibility to play with other children in safe places.
Batter in green and bike path. Tezozomoc Park, Mexico City 2008.
Multiset Furniture in Bosque de Chapultepec, Cd. De México
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Multiset Furniture in Bosque de Chapultepec, Cd. De México
A Fallen log may result in furnishing the space. Park Ignacio
Chávez Cd. De México.2008.
Organic trail design and furnishings of the game
and observe the Penintietary Park, Cd. De
México.2008.
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Insertion into the urban fabric.
While the very design of play space, is itself a challenge for the designer, one must not
forget the relationship with the immediate environment will:
•Objectives:
Improves the Quality of Life of the user and the person living in the nearby.
Improving the urban environment, air quality, provision of green areas.
• Location and Accessibility:
Relation
to
housing
and
other
facilities
(schools,
trade).
Relationship with road infrastructure (streets, avenues, high-speed means of
transport).
• Relationship with the intangible elements of the community:
Free time and space usage.
It cannot be denied in any way, that the existence of a play spaces in a neighborhood will
improve the quality of life of its habitants, as it will facilitate meeting points for the community, will
improve air quality, the provision of green areas, and above all, will encourage the child
RECREATION because when a child plays, the entire world disappear, and an extraordinary
moment appear: a new child is being created, is just the access to happiness.
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For this reason it must be taken advantage of the free time of the child and caregiver, to
schedule times to use the space, and to design the necessary elements to protect them from
sunlight, rain, to foresee the various uses of each space: using the daily leisure time, and should be
located near the housing.
Housing Unit.
Play area for children.
Park Ignacio Chávez,
Delegation Benito Juárez
In difference of those that can be used on weekends, and can be located away from the
area where he lives, as parents would be able to get around the city, having the free time away
from everyday duties and chores. However, it must be attentive to the Economy of the population,
which may have free time, cannot afford the transport costs or supply an output of this type can
lead to the household, so back to the fore places close to home, those you can access still on
weekends.
The guidelines of our city set a range from 350 meters for the dedicated spaces for children
(up to 5 years old), to 750 meters for children and youth up to age 18. This applies to the spaces of
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everyday use, even for weekly use, the radius extends to 2750 meters, whose use extends to the
whole family.
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Ranges of play spaces
House
Play spaces for
daily use 350-750
mts.
Playgrounds weekly use
(weekend)
2750 mts.
OUR RESEARCH
Based on some of these considerations, the research group I belong to called "Recreation
and Environment" inside the same university, we have been studying the phenomenon of
Recreation, from a theoretical approach to understand the importance of the activity for recreational
space, from a methodological point of view to define a Recreational Structure, and from a
technological point of view to study the elements that are necessary to human, as a whole (age,
gender, socioeconomic status ), to conduct a recreational activity.
We have a site available on the web called: www.azc.uam.mx/cyad/mambiente/
recrea/home, where you can see the various inquiries that have been conducted on the subject
from the perspective of the space design.
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Laguna, C. et al., 1984.
9
On March this year, we presented in the International Book Fair of Palacio de Minería (FIL),
organized by the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, the book "Calidad de Vida. Los
Espacios de Recreación. Hacia Una planeación integral : Delegación Azcapotzalco” (Quality of Life.
Recreation Spaces. Toward a Comprehensive Planning: Azcapotzalco Delegation). "This book is a
dissection of the recreational spaces (from a space with swings up to a metropolitan park), a
territorial demarcation as is the Azcapotzalco Delegation. And the data found in this study were
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revealing: for example, found that the allocation for recreation areas was 2.83 per m (against the
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recommended about 8 per m ), and for children, this was worring because despite representing
20% of the population, were destined only 8% of the recreational area.
.
Book "Quality of life. Recreation
Spaces. Toward a comprehensive
planning: Delegation Azcapotzalco.
"
Location of recreation areas in
Azcapotzalco Delegation. "
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Provision of spaces
by age. Delegation
Azcapotzalco.
POPULATION
Children
under 12
years: 20.4%
people over
12 years:
79.6%
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INDEX: 1.21 m /niño
OCCUPIED
SURFACE: 0.32% of
the surface of the
delegation.
RECREATIONAL AREA AGE
(index 1.21 m²/niño)
Area for
children under
12 years:
8.7%
Area for
people over
12 years:
91.3%
And by studying the characteristics of the different spaces, we found that there is not only a
problem the lack of space, it is also their quality because we already found places with dangerous
accesses by being near routes in contact with vehicles, or the lodging poor operation and
maintenance.
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. Hidalgo closed playground equipment.
Children's games in street Ortiz.
example: Children's games in a poor location (tangent to two roadways of high traffic flow,
bounded by railroad tracks, on the space go high voltage cables underground pipelines
pass PEMEX). It also has poor operating conditions.
Another concern was that 100% of the spaces for children did not have ramps for
wheelchairs or with equipment for people with disabilities.
The second stage of our research is to systematize a series of projective exercises that
have been doing for several years in the classroom of the University, to improve the design of
space and try to encourage in the first instance, the future young architects to design new types of
recreational spaces for children, and show the proper authorities, how is that conditions of space
and that children can exercise their right to play can be improved.
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Project made by
authorities for
Garden Montero
Garden Montero, 1941
Project for garden Montero 2008:
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real conditions
Student Park
Project, held at the
UAM,
Azcapotzalco
Delegation.
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