Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Anaheim

Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Anaheim
Anaheim’s racial and ethnic demographics have changed dramatically in the
last thirty years.
Asian/Pacific
Islander
4.1%
Other
1.2%
Hispanic/
Latino
17.1%
Black/African
American
Black/African
American
Asian/Pacific
Islander
9.5%
Other
0.6%
2.4%
Hispanic/
Latino
1.2%
31.0%
White
White
56.6%
76.4%
1990
1980
Total Population: 219,311
Asian/Pacific
Islander
12.3%
Other
Asian/Pacific
Islander
2.7%
Other
2.3%
15.1%
Black/African
American
2.4%
Total Population: 266,406
Hispanic/
Latino
White
35.9%
46.8%
2000
Total Population: 328,014
Sources: US Census: 1980 (Table 59), 1990 (Table 7),
2000 (Table QT-PL), 2010 (DP-3), Anaheim.
Black/African
American
2.4%
White
27.5%
Hispanic/
Latino
52.8%
2010
Total Population: 336,265
Contact
Orange County Communities Organized
for Responsible Development
info@occord.org ~ (714) 621-0919
Geography and Diversity in Anaheim
Anaheim stretches across more than 50 square miles. The city as a whole is
ethnically diverse, but some areas are more diverse while some are more
representative of individual groups.
For example, these five Census tracts highlighted below are all part of Anaheim,
yet each one represents a very different makeup in terms of ethnicity, income,
and age.
Census Tract 865.02
96% Latino
2% White
1% Asian
Census Tract 869.02
34% White
31% Latino
28% Asian
6% Black
1% Other
Median age: 26.5
Median income:
$45,357
Median age: 37.3
Median income: $56,959
Census Tract 219.19
78% White
10% Latino
10% Asian
1% Black
1% Other
Median age: 50.2
Median income:
$80,169
91
5
57
1 dot = 10 people
White
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latino
Asian/Pacific Islander
All Other
Census Tract 875.05
67% Latino
21% White
11% Asian
1% Black
Median age: 30.7
Median income: $39,712
Source: US Census 2009-2011 3 year
estimates, Anaheim via Social Explorer.
Tiger Shapefile.
Census Tract 219.21
60% White
25% Asian
11% Latino
2% Black
2% Other
Median age: 41.3
Median income:
$134,050
Contact
Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development
info@occord.org ~ (714) 621-0919
How does Anaheim compare to similar cities?
Anaheim is the largest California city to elect its representatives at large. All
larger California cities use district elections, as do many smaller cities.
20 Largest California Cities
Type of Council City
Population per
Population Election
Representatives Representative
City
Los Angeles
San Diego
San Jose
San Francisco
Fresno
Sacramento
Long Beach
Oakland
Bakersfield
Anaheim
Santa Ana
Riverside
Stockton
Chula Vista
Fremont
Irvine
San Bernardino
Modesto
Oxnard
Fontana
3,792,621
1,307,402
945,942
805,235
494,665
466,488
462,257
390,724
347,483
336,265
324,528
303,871
291,707
243,916
214,089
212,375
209,924
201,165
197,899
196,069
Districts
Districts
Districts
Districts
Districts
Districts
Districts
Districts
Districts
At-Large
Numbered seats
Districts
Numbered seats
At-Large
At-Large
At-Large
Districts
Districts
At-Large
At-Large
15
9
11
11
7
15
9
9
7
5
7
7
7
5
5
5
7
7
5
5
252,841
145,267
85,995
73,203
70,666
31,099
51,362
43,414
49,640
67,253
46,361
43,410
41,672
48,783
42,818
42,475
29,989
28,738
39,580
39,214
Source: U.S. Census, 2012; City websites.
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}
}
MAJOR CITIES: All use
district elections.
Because of their large
populations, ratios of
residents to council
members are high.
LARGE CITIES: Most use
district elections,
although some elect
at-large or by numbered
seats. Ratios of residents
per council member
tend to range from
30,000 to 50,000.
MEDIUM CITIES: Use a
mix of at-large and
district elections. Ratios
of residents per council
member are lower.
Anaheim’s ratio of residents per representative is unusually high for a city of
its size.
Population per representative
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
The average ratio for the
four next-largest and
next-smallest cities is 44,467
residents per
representative.
If Anaheim had seven representatives, the City’s ratio
would be 48,038. With nine,
the ratio would be 37,363.
Contact: Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development
info@occord.org
(714) 621-0919
Anaheim’s Voter Turnout:
Socioeconomics and Voter Participation
Income in Anaheim
Household Median Income
$100,001 and over
$55,001 to $70,000
$85,001 to $100,000
$40,001 to $55,000
$70,001 to $85,000
Less than $40,000
No Data
Ethnicity in Anaheim
Percent of Population Identifying as Hispanic/Latino
More than 80 percent
21 to 40 percent
61 to 80 percent
Less than 20 percent
41 to 60 percent
No Data
2012 Voter Participation in Anaheim
Voter Turnout by Precinct (total ballots cast / voter registration)
Less than 40 percent
76 to 85 percent
41 to 65 percent
86 to 100 percent
66 to 75 percent
Sources: 2012 Statement of Vote, 2012 Orange
County Precincts Shapefile. OC Registrar of Voters.
US Census 2009-2011 3 year estimates, Anaheim via
Social Explorer. Tiger Shapefile.
Contact
Orange County Communities Organized
for Responsible Development
info@occord.org ~ (714) 621-0919
What is polarized voting?
POLARIZED VOTING occurs when a distinct minority group of voters consistently
vote for different candidates than the majority of voters. In an at-large electoral
system, this can result in a lack of representation for the minority group.
The California Voting Rights Act addresses racially polarized voting, but voting can
also be polarized by neighborhoods or other geography.
EXAMPLE
Cityville has 100,000 voting citizens and 5 city council seats elected at
large.
30,000 voters consistently vote
for B candidates.
B
A
Population
70,000 voters consistently
vote for A candidates.
In elections, 70,000 votes
(70%) go to A candidates.
{
30,000 votes (30%) go to
B candidates.
{ B
A
Five Council Seats
The Result: all 5 seats are won by A candidates.
Representation
Population
The City Council ONLY represents A voters, not B voters, even though B
voters make up almost a third of the electorate.
Contact: Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development
info@occord.org
(714) 621-0919
Is there geographically polarized voting in Anaheim?
Anaheim Hills
Votes for Council Candidates, 2010
1 dot = 1 vote for a losing Council candidate
West Anaheim
1 dot = 1 vote for a winning Council candidate
Central Anaheim
Votes for winning candidates came from both the flatlands of West and Central Anaheim, and from Anaheim
Hills, but a much greater proportion of the Hills precincts’ votes went to the winners.
45 percent of Anaheim Hills precincts’ votes went to the winning candidates. 32 percent of West and Central
Anaheim’s votes went to the winning candidates.
Source: Orange County Registrar of Voters 2010 Statement of Vote, 2010 Anaheim Precincts ShapeFile. U.S. Census Tiger ShapeFiles, Anaheim.
Contact: Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development
info@occord.org
(714) 621-0919
Is there geographically polarized voting in Anaheim?
Anaheim Hills
Votes for Council Candidates, 2010
Pie = 1 Anaheim Voting Precinct
West Anaheim
Votes for losing Council candidates
Central Anaheim
In nearly all West and Central Anaheim precincts,
the two winning Council candidates won by smaller
margins or did not win the precinct at all.
Source: Orange County Registrar of Voters 2010 Statement of Vote. 2010 Anaheim Precincts ShapeFile.
Contact: Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development
info@occord.org
(714) 621-0919
Votes for winning Council candidates
The two winning Council candidates won all the
Anaheim Hills precincts, and most were won by
comfortable margins.
UNEQUAL VOICE means UNEQUAL RESOURCES
Anaheim Flatlands
Anaheim Hills
56,737 people
295,933 people
6
8
City representatives
in the past decade
City representatives
in the past decade
$156
$170
spent per person on community
resources since 2004
spent per person on community
resources since 2004
59.1
207.5
acres of parks per 50,000 residents
0.8
1.8
libraries per 50,000 residents
Sources: U.S. Census, 2007-2011
5-year estimates, Anaheim zctas.
www.anaheim.net. Correspondence
with Anaheim Parks Department. City
of Anaheim Capital Improvement
Costs FY 2004/05-FY2011/12,
Anaheim Department of Finance.
Count of representatives counts each
term served as one representative,
counts from 2004 through 2012.
1
1.8
community centers per 50,000 residents
Contact
Orange County Communities
Organized for Responsible
Development
info@occord.org
(714) 621-0919
How much does it cost to run for City Council in Anaheim?
Candidates’ Expenditures (Funds Raised for Campaign and/or Personal Wealth)
2006 Candidates
2008 Candidates
2010 Candidates
Winning Candidates
Dollars Spent on Campaign
$350,000
$300,000
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$0
5,000
10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000
Votes Won
1
This graph plots the amount of
money spent by a candidate on
their campaign for the 2006,
2008, and 2010 Anaheim City
Council elections. As can be
seen here, having the most
money doesn’t guarantee that
a candidate will win a seat.
However, a candidate must
meet a spending threshold in
order to make it into the top
three candidates competing
for seats.
See page two for information
about the impact of
independent expenditures.
Contact: Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development
info@occord.org
(714) 621-0919
Candidates’ Expenditures and Independent Expenditures (Political Action Committees)
2006 Candidates
2008 Candidates
2010 Candidates
Winning Candidates
Dollars Spent on Campaign
$400,000
$350,000
$300,000
This graph plots the amount of money
spent by a candidate AND money
spent by political action committees
“independent expenditures” on their
campaign for the 2006, 2008, and 2010
Anaheim City Council elections. These
numbers represent the total amount of
money that went into electing (or
opposing) a candidate.
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$0
5,000
10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000
Votes Won
The addition of independent expenditures only serves to widen the distance
between the front-runner candidates
and the rest of the pack. Candidates
lacking personal wealth or fundraising
capability did not attract campaign
funds from independent sources.
METHODOLOGY: These campaign finance totals were compiled using Fair Political Practices Commission forms 460 and 501. Data from 2012 was not compiled for this graph as
some candidates and committees had not filed their final forms (some committees and candidates continue filing forms for the year after a campaign concludes). “Expenditures” were counted, rather than funds received, and in cases in which expenditures from month-to-month forms did not reconcile, the year-to-date expenditures on the filing
through December 31 of that year were considered the most accurate total. Expenditures that were categorized as refunds of campaign money (RFD) to donors, and expenditures that were categorized as civic donations (CVC) that occurred after the election took place, were not counted toward the total. All other expenditures were.
2
Contact: Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development
info@occord.org
(714) 621-0919
WHERE HAVE OUR REPRESENTATIVES LIVED?
This map shows the residences of Anaheim mayors and City Council members elected in the 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008,
2010, and 2012 elections. The base map shows median income levels for households in Anaheim, and the boundaries of
zip codes.
92807
92805
92801
2004, 2008
2012
2004, 2008
2002
2010
92804
2010
2002, 2006
Household Median Income
2002, 2006
92802
Council representatives by Zip Code, 2002-2012
92801
92802
92804
92805
92806
92807
92808
2010
92806
2006, 2012
Zip Code
92808
Representatives
0
2
0
3
0
3
2
Zip Code Population
61,500
42,797
85,386
70,267
35,983
35,999
20,738
2002
$100,001 and over
$55,001 to $70,000
$85,001 to $100,000
$40,001 to $55,000
$70,001 to $85,000
Less than $40,000
Mayor
Council member
Year(s) elected
Sources: California FPPC forms 501; OC Registrar of Voters registration
database. US Census: ACS 2007-2011 5-year estimates, Anaheim zctas,
table S0101. ACS 2009-2011 3-year estimates, Anaheim city, via Social
Explorer. Tiger Shapefile.
Contact
Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development
info@occord.org
(714) 621-0919