Maynilad Water Services Inc.

Transcription

Maynilad
Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and Air Pollutants
Inventory Management Plan
October 2014
Maynilad Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and Air Pollutants Inventory Management Plan
Version 4
October 2014
Abbreviations and Acronyms
AP
ASTP
BA
CAI-Asia
CDM
CH4
CHCOD
CO
CO2
CPF
CNRW
DDSSTP
DENR
DMCI
DOE
FPA
FPMD
GHG
GHG/AP
IMS
IPCC
LMTP
Maynilad
MWCI
MLD
MPIC
MWSS
N2O
NACWA
NOx
O3
OHSAS
PBE
PWTP
QESH
ROBUST PHIL
SOx
SRA
TMT
TSPP
WRI
Air Pollutant
Alabang Sewage Treatment Plant
Business Area
Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities
Clean Development Mechanism
Methane
Corporate Human Capital and Organization Development
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Common Purpose Facilities
Central Non-Revenue Water
Dagat-Dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Plant
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DMCI Holdings, Inc.
Department of Energy
Fertilizers & Pesticide Authority
Fleet & Premises Management Department
Greenhouse gases
Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutants
Integrated Management System
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
La Mesa Treatment Plants
Maynilad Water Services, Inc.
Manila Water Company, Inc.
million liters per day
Metro Pacific Investments Corporation
Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System
Nitrous oxide
National Association of Clean Water Agencies (Canada)
Nitrogen oxides
Ozone
Occupational Safety and Health Management System
Philippine Business for the Environment
Putatan Water Treatment Plant
Quality, Environment, Safety and Health
Resilient Organizations Built for Transformation of the Philippines
Sulfur Oxides
Sugar Regulatory Administration
Top Management Team
Tondo Sewage Pumping Plant
WorldResources Institute
About Maynilad
Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (Maynilad), an agent and contractor of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage
System (MWSS), is the Philippines’ largest private water concessionaire in terms of customer base.
In 1997, the company was granted exclusive concession rights over the West Zone by the Metropolitan Waterworks and
Sewerage System (MWSS) for 25 years. This term was extended by 15 years to enable Maynilad to increase and accelerate
investments. In 2007, the company was re-privatized in a competitive bidding won by the Maynilad Water Holding
Company Inc. – a joint venture between Metro Pacific Investments Corporation (MPIC) and DMCI Holdings, Inc. (DMCI).
Marubeni Corporation of Japan acquired a 20-percent stake in Maynilad Water Holding Company, Inc. in 2013, and
became a strategic partner of the Metro Pacific-DMCI consortium.
Maynilad is the water and wastewater services provider for the 17 cities and municipalities that comprise the West Zone
of the greater Metro Manila area. These include Manila (except portions of San Andres and Sta. Ana), Quezon City
(including areas west of San Juan River, West Avenue, EDSA, Congressional, Mindanao Avenue, the northern part starting
from the Districts of Holy Spirit and Batasan Hills), Makati (west of South Super Highway), Caloocan, Pasay, Paranaque, Las
Pinas, Muntinlupa, Valenzuela, Navotas and Malabon, all in Metro Manila; and the cities of Cavite, Bacoor and Imus, and
the towns of Kawit, Noveleta and Rosario, all in the Province of Cavite.
Maynilad operates and maintains 3 water treatment plants, 14 wastewater treatment plants, 24 water pump stations, 24
reservoirs, 7,306 kilometres of water pipelines, 35 lift stations and pump stations and 513 kilometres of sewer lines.
Twenty-four (24) of its major facilities are ISO 9001:2008 (Quality Management System), ISO 14001:2004 (Environment
Management System) and OHSAS 18001:2007 (Occupational Safety and Health Management System) certified, namely:
La Mesa Treatment Plants 1 & 2 (Water Treatment), Dagat-Dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Plant, Tondo Sewage
Pumping Plant, North Caloocan Business Area, Water Network Head Office and its 7 Pump Stations (La Mesa,
Commonwealth, Caloocan, D. Tuazon, Algeciras, Villamor and Noveleta) with additional 5 Pump Stations certified in 2013
(Baesa, Ermita, Patindig, Marcos Alvarez, Pagcor), La Mesa Maintenance Shop, Corporate Quality, Environment, Safety
and Health (CQESH), Central Laboratory, Warehouse (Central Depot, Arocerros, Cordillera and Valenzuela Materials
Depot) and Human Resources.
The two water treatment plants are the La Mesa Treatment Plants 1 & 2, which have design capacity of 1,500 MLD
(million liters per day) and 900 MLD respectively. A third fairly, the Putatan Water Treatment Plant (PWTP) with a design
capacity of 100 MLD which sources its raw water from Laguna Lake.
The wastewater treatment facilities for sewage, septage and biosolids, are as follows:
 Dagat-Dagatan Sewage & Septage Treatment Plant, which has a land area of 15 ha and capacity of 26 MLD. The
septage treatment plant produces 22 cu. m. per day biosolids. These biosolids are registered as organic fertilizers
of the Fertilizer & Pesticide Authority. The plant is a registered manufacturer, distributor and warehouse of
organic fertilizer.
 Tondo Sewage Pumping Plant which has 50,310 sewer service connections and pumping capacity of 432 MLD.
 Alabang Sewage Treatment Plant has a capacity of 10 MLD.
 7 lift stations (Sta. Cruz, Legarda, Port Area, Luneta, Sta. Ana, Malate and Paco),and 1 communal septic tank
(Roosevelt)
 Congressional Sewage Treatment Plant (Turned-over on Feb. 2012)
 Grant Sewage Treatment Plant (Turned-over to Maynilad Sept. 2013)
 Legal Sewage Treatment Plant (Turned-over to Maynilad Aug. 2013)

Paco Sewage Treatment Plant and Baesa Sewage Treatment Plant (Turned-over to Maynilad Aug. 2013)
In line with its Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Policy (Annex 1), Maynilad has been actively involved in different
environmental protection programs such as the Watershed Management Program. Together with the Manila Water
Company, Inc., Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR), and Maynilad forged an agreement with the Bantay Kalikasan Foundation to formulate a program for
the management of Ipo and La Mesa Watersheds.
Maynilad has also tied-up with other companies, the DENR, MWSS, PLDT-Smart, the National Commission on Indigenous
People (NCIP) and the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Norzagaray, Bulacan for a sustainable tree planting program at the
Ipo Watershed. Other environmental programs are the Manila Bay coastal clean-up, Mangrove Planting Program in Cavite
City, Kawit and Bacoor, solid waste management and hazardous waste management. Aside from those mentioned
environmental programs, Maynilad is strictly complying with the regulatory requirements in wastewater discharge, air
emission and other required environmental clearances.
In addition, Maynilad has been included in the Resilient Organizations Built for Transformation of the Philippines (ROBUST
PHIL) Project. The program has a developmental objective in building capacities of the nation’s mission critical enterprises
so as to make them resilient. These enterprises would in turn be able to serve the people better, especially after a disaster
or crisis. Program would seek to achieve the objective through adoption of global best practices and alignment against
international standards on enterprise risk management, business continuity and information security.
For 2010, Maynilad participated in the Green Philippines Island of Sustainability (GPIoS). A continuation of the Green
Philippines Project, GPIoS is an attempt to change the microclimate of Metro Manila and the CALABARZON region by
creating awareness, providing technical assistance to the participating companies and advocating and aligning it with
government strategy. The Maynilad Environment Team attended trainings and workshops for the accomplishment of the
project such as Cleaner Production, Material Flow Analysis, Environmental Costs and Controlling, Project Management,
Environmental Reporting and Marketing, and Legal Compliance with the end product of accomplishing the company’s
own Environmental Report to be validated by the GPIoS team.
The IMS certified facilities of Maynilad are also maintaining energy conservation programs as part of their environment
management plan and mitigation plan regarding greenhouse gases emission. To strengthen its commitment in the
environmental protection and energy conservation, Maynilad launched the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and Air Emissions
Inventory Development Project on February 2, 2010 in partnership with the Philippine Business for the Environment (PBE)
and Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia). The project aims to establish carbon footprint, identify emission
reduction measures for improved environment and financial performance and establish project proposal for carbon
credits and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This will enhance the company’s environmental and sustainability
performance and strengthen its corporate social responsibility adherence.
The Inventory Management Plan
The Inventory Management Plan (IMP) is an important tool for maintaining the sustainability of the GHG and air pollutant
emissions inventory. It lays out the details of the inventory such as the boundaries, calculation methodologies, data
management process flows, management roles, auditing and verification and other important details. It is the blueprint of
the inventory and would serve as a guide for anyone who would want to understand the details of Maynilad’s GHG and air
1
pollutant inventory.
Maynilad’s GHG and air pollutant inventory management plan was based on the standard format that the World
Resources Institute is promoting.
1
Please read the Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard of the GHG Protocol for more information on general GHG inventories.
Table of Contents
Company Information
General Information
Inventory Contact and Information
Company Objectives
Boundary Conditions
Organizational Boundaries
Operational Boundaries
Emissions Quantification
Scope 1: Direct Emissions
Scope 2: Indirect Emission from Purchased Electricity
Scope 3: Other Indirect Emissions
Emission Factors and Other Constants
User’s Guide for the GHG and AP Emissions Accounting Tool
Data Management
Data Collection
Quality Assurance
Inventory Uncertainties
Frequency of Reporting
Base Year
Recalculation of Base Year Emissions
Management tools
Roles and Responsibilities
Training
Document Retention and Control Policy
Auditing and Verification
Management Review
Corrective Action
References
Annex 1
Quality, Environment, Safety and Health (QESH) Policy
Annex 2
List of Facilities
Annex 3
List of Emissions Sources by Scope, Group and Facility
Annex 4
List of Emission Factors
Annex 5
Data Collection Process Flowcharts
Annex 6
User’s Guide for the GHG and Air Pollutant Emissions Accounting Tool
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List of Tables
Table 1. Contact details of Green Team Members and Secretariat
Table 2. List of Emissions by Activity/Equipment
Table 3: Vehicle Categories according to the UNEP TNT Clean Fleet Toolkit
Table 4: Changes in the Categories in the UNEP TNT Clean Fleet Toolkit
Table 5: Vehicle Emission Standards in the Philippines
Table 6: Vehicle Types and Weights
Table 7: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Vehicles
Table 8: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines
Table 9: Default Values for Methane Correction Factor and Biomass Yield
Table 10: Values obtained from Table 10 utilized for the estimation of DDSSTP emissions
Table 11: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Wastewater System – Facultative Lagoon
Table 12: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Wastewater System – Discharge Pathway
Table 13: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Electricity Consumption
Table 14: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Business Flights
Table 15: Travel Distances
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Company Information
General Information
Company Name:
Company Address:
Phone:
Fax:
Maynilad Water Services, Inc.
MWSS Compound, Katipunan Road
Balara, 1105 Quezon City
(+63 2) 981-3484 & (+63 2) 981-3485
(+63 2) 981-3481
Type of Industry:
Coverage of Service:
Date Established:
Water and Wastewater Services Provider
West Zone of the Greater Manila Area
1 August 1997
MWSS was privatized on August 1, 1997 with Maynilad Water Services, Inc. as concessionaire of the West Zone of the
greater Manila area
Total No. of Employees:
2,226 (as of December 31, 2013)
Inventory Contacts
The process for preparing the Integrated Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutants (GHG/AP) Emissions Inventory is led by the
“Maynilad Green Team” which was organized through a memorandum from the President dated September 30, 2014.
The key contacts are:
FRANCISCO A. ARELLANO
Project Head
Vice-President – Corporate Quality, Environment, Safety and Health
frankie.arellano@mayniladwater.com.ph
+(63 2) 981-3481, +(63) 918-9263236
ENRIQUE G. DE GUZMAN
Deputy Project Head
Head, Integrated Management System
enrique.deguzman@mayniladwater.com.ph
+(63 2) 981-3484
+(63) 920-9183214
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The team is composed of representatives from the following operational units and departments:
Table 1. Contact details of Green Team Members and Secretariat
Name
Unit/ Department
Email
Phone
Francisco A. Arellano
Corporate QESH
frankie.arellano@mayniladwater.com.ph
Enrique G. De Guzman
Corporate QESH
enrique.deguzman@mayniladwater.com.ph
Kris G. Catangcatang
Corporate QESH
kris.catangcatang@mayniladwater.com.ph
Corporate QESH
emman.martinez@mayniladwater.com.ph
Corporate QESH
michael.sablas@mayniladwater.com.ph
09189263236/
9813481
09209183214/
9813486
09178247986/
9813484
09178049276/
9813484
9813484
Corporate QESH
gianna.veracruz@mayniladwater.com.ph
9813484
Jeric Daniel M. Axalan
Business Area Operations
jeric.axalan@mayniladwater.com.ph
Teresita L. Hapal
Renson D. Gloriane
Junielyn E. Rodriguez
Mae Liza S. Velasquez
Lolita M. Lota
Business Area Operations
Central NRW
Central NRW
HR Division
Finance
teresita.hapal@mayniladwater.com.ph
renson.gloriane@mayniladwater.com.ph
junielyn.rodriguez@mayniladwater.com.ph
mae.velasquez@mayniladwater.com.ph
lolit.lota@mayniladwater.com.ph
Grace A. Laguardia
Logistics
grace.laguardia@mayniladwater.com.ph
Glenneth S. Magtalas
Logistics
glenn.magtalas@mayniladwater.com.ph
Samuel Gerald T. Saludez
II
Logistics
John Emmanuel B.
Martinez
Michael M. Sablas
Gianna I. Veracruz
(Secretariat)
Adrianne M. Andres
Abigail Corazon R.
Atienza
Wastewater
Management Division
Wastewater
Management Division
gerald.saludez@mayniladwater.com.ph
adrianne.andres@mayniladwater.com.ph
abi08_atienza@yahoo.com
Xandra Mae B. Borais
Wastewater
Management Division
xandra.borais@mayniladwater.com.ph
Jessica H. Agarap
Water Network
elaine.chang@mayniladwater.com.ph
Ressie D. Vicente
Water Network
ress.vicente@mayniladwater.com.ph
John Jerald De Jesus
Water Production
lp2.shiftofficers@mayniladwater.com.ph
Juvelene C. Ydia
Marlon Araracap
Roxanne Reyes
Water Production
(LMTP1)
Water Production
(LMTP1)
Water Production
(LMTP2)
juvelen.ydia@mayniladwater.com.ph
09272720941/
9813475
9813475
9813348
09185023598
09285012189/
9815363
09336004656/
9813364
09228112951/
9813363
09184192185/
9813403
09228486886/
09053024829/
9813405
09175576908/
09998856179/
9813405
09285518192/
5284173
307-219, 430-73-24,
430-72-97 loc. 101
430-3199
430-3199
rox.reyes@mayniladwater.com.ph
Adrianne Rose Castillo
Water Production
(LMTP2)
lp2.shiftofficers@mayniladwater.com.ph
Romer S. Jumawan
Water Production (PWTP)
roms.jumawan@mayniladwater.com.ph
Mark Vincent Q. Talosig
Water Production
marvin.talosig@mayniladwater.com.ph
430-72-19, 430-7324, 430-72-97
430-72-19, 430-7324, 430-72-97 loc.
101
09066200276/
8626268
8626268
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Company Objectives
The following are the specific objectives of Maynilad in undertaking the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and Air Emissions
Inventory Development Project:

To establish the 2009 emissions inventory, as base year, that would represent a true and fair account of GHG and
air pollutant emissions through the use of standardized approaches and principles.

To account for GHG and air pollutant emissions annually.

To minimize and manage the adverse impacts of our operations on the environment by optimizing the use of our
resources, reducing the generation of waste and controlling the emission of pollutants to air, water and land.

To provide the company with information that can be used to yield an effective corporate environment strategy
or program to manage and reduce these emissions and possibly participate in the carbon market.

To foster awareness of employees on environmental protection, particularly with respect to water resources and
enhance employee participation in company environmental programs.

To complement the company’s integrated management system particularly ISO 14001 (Environment
Management System).

To reduce environmental risks.

To enhance the company’s environmental and sustainability performance.

To strengthen corporate social responsibility adherence.

To generate cost savings.
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Boundary Conditions
Organizational Boundaries
Organizational boundaries pertain to boundaries defined by the organizational structures and the relationships among the
parties involved. Operational boundaries are set to distinguish which emissions from the operations of the company it
emits directly and indirectly. Detailed scoping exercises were done during the initial meetings in order to properly set the
boundaries for the inventory.
Maynilad has adopted the operational approach for GHG and air pollutant emissions. This means that Maynilad accounts
for emissions of facilities over which it has full control as well as for shared facilities (i.e. office buildings, common purpose
facilities). Emissions from contracted-out activities are included in cases where reliable data are available.
List of Facilities
The initial list of facilities that were considered for the inventory can be found in Annex 2. For purposes of operation and
emissions accounting, these are categorized into the following groups:
 Central Non-Revenue Water – covers the CNRW Main Office in Bangkal and CNRW
Office in Arroceros, IMM Office (old Pasay Business Area), Meter Laboratory
 Corporate – covers the Balara Head Office (BAO, CQESH, ITS, HR, Finance, WMD,
PMD, Corporate Logistics, Commercial and Marketing), Central Laboratory,
Warehouse (Central Warehouse, Arroceros, Balara Office, Cordillera)
 Business Areas – covers the 12 Business Area offices of Maynilad. For the GHG and
air pollutant accounting, satellite warehouses are included in the corresponding
business areas.
 Water Network – covers the Reservoirs (Bagbag, Binuksuk, Sacred Heart, Ayala
Alabang), Pump Stations (Algeciras, Caloocan, D. Tuazon, Ermita, Espiritu, Fairview,
La Mesa, Novaliches, Noveleta, Pasay, Tondo, Villamor, Pagcor, Marcos Alvarez,
Daang-Hari, Baesa), Mini Boosters, Deep Well Stations, In-line Boosters and other
special equipment, Maintenance shop (within La Mesa Compound), Water Network
training facility.
 Water Production – covers the La Mesa Water Treatment Plants 1 & 2, Putatan
Water Treatment Plant, Common Purpose Facilities (CPF) Office, Ipo Office Buidling,
and Bicti Desilting Basin. For the GHG/AP inventory, it also takes into account the
Central Laboratory.
 Wastewater Management – covers Dagat-Dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment
Plant, Alabang Sewage Treatment Plant, Tondo Sewage Pumping Plant, Project 7
Imhoff Tank & Field Office, lift stations and pump stations, Roosevelt (AMA)
Communal Septic Tank, Congressional STP, Legal STP, Grant STP, Paco STP, Baesa
STP, Vitas Berde Loading Facility
Maynilad also shares the following facilities with other companies:
 Office Buildings - Located in Main Office in Balara, Quezon City and CNRW in
Bangkal, Makati.
 Common Purpose Facilities namely Ipo Dam and Office Building, Bicti Desilting
Basin, CPF Office (La Mesa)
The inventory shall only include sources, which are operational and are significant contributors to the total emissions of
the company.
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Operational Boundaries
Operational boundaries are set to determine which emissions are to be directly and indirectly accounted for by the
company.
GHGs and Air Pollutants
The following emissions are included in the inventory:
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 Kyoto Gases – Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous oxide (N2O)
 Air Pollutants – Particulate matter, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides (SOx), and
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Carbon monoxide (CO).
Table 2: List of Emissions by Activity/Equipment
Activity/Equipment
Electricity consumption
Vehicles
Internal Combustion Engines
Wastewater treatment process-related
emissions
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Business Flights
CO2
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Greenhouse Gases
CH4
N2O
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

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


PM



CO



Air Pollutants
VOC
SOx







NOx




Emission Source Identification Procedure
The emissions sources were identified by the Green Team together with management in the planning session at the start
of the inventory process. A more detailed list of facilities and emissions sources were then compiled through a scoping
exercise by the Green Team (see Annex 3 for the complete scoping sheets)
Direct Sources (Scope 1)
Scope 1 emissions are emissions directly coming from activities or equipment within the facilities that are operationally
controlled by Maynilad. The following are identified by the Green Team as main sources of scope 1 emissions:
 Internal Combustion Engines
This category includes equipment such as water pumps, air compressors, trash pumps, forklifts,
generator set, grass cutters and lawn mowers.
 Vehicles
The emissions from company-owned vehicles are to be accounted for by Maynilad. The company
fleet composes of both gasoline and diesel vehicles. Most of them are passenger vehicles though
utility trucks and motorcycles are also present.
 Process emissions from wastewater treatment and biosolids production
Fugitive methane emissions from wastewater treatment and biosolids production are included in
this inventory.
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The other Kyoto gases – Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are not included since
these are not relevant to the operations of Maynilad
3 Lead is excluded because these are either insignificant in amounts or are irrelevant to the operations of the company. Lead is also
excluded because it has been banned as additive in fuels in the country.
4
Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are included in the calculations as the emission factors are available.
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Indirect Sources (Scope 2)
Scope 2 emissions pertain to indirect emissions from purchased electricity. The operations of the company are dependent
on the use of electricity from the grid. Scope 2 emissions account for the generated emissions by the power plants within
the source grid and are categorized as indirect emissions.
Other Indirect Sources (Scope 3)
Scope 3 emissions refer to those generated by activities which are not operationally controlled by Maynilad but are
considered important to their operations (e.g. activities of contractors, business travel and employee commute). Scope 3
emissions from a particular activity are normally included where reliable data is available. For Maynilad’s emissions
inventory, only emissions from business air travel are included as Scope 3 emissions.
Please refer to Annex 3 for a complete listing of all Scope 1, 2, 3 emissions included or excluded in Maynilad facilities.
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Emissions Quantification
The GHG and AP emissions of Maynilad are estimated using the emission factor approach. Published emission factors
from globally-accepted emissions quantification tools and guidance materials are used while actual activity data (e.g.
electricity consumption, fuel consumption, etc.) was used whenever possible. The basic formula used in the emission
factor approach is:
A x EF x (1-ER/100) = E
Wherein:
A
= activity data
EF
= emission factor
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ER
= emission reduction efficiency
E
= emissions
The activity data is the measure of extent of the activities, which emit emissions. An emission factor is a representative
value that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released into the atmosphere with an activity associated with the
release of the pollutant. Ideally, emission factors applied are those specific for the fuel used (based on analysis of e.g. fuel
oil) or the equipment (based on emission analysis of e.g. boilers), provided analyses is conducted frequently enough to
reflect the variability of emissions over time.
Calculation tools were developed by CAI-Asia to assist Maynilad in calculating both GHG and AP emissions. The GHG
calculations in the developed tools are consistent with those of the tools of the GHG protocol. Moreover, these tools were
developed to calculate GHGs as well as criteria air pollutants, which are currently not covered by the GHG Protocol.
Scope 1: Direct Emissions
Scope 1 or direct emissions are generated by sources, which are operationally controlled by Maynilad. The sections below
explain the sources of Maynilad’s direct emissions and how the emissions are calculated.
Company-owned Vehicles
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The calculation sheet for the mobile sources is an adaptation of the UNEP-TNT Clean Fleet Management Toolkit- Tool 18.
This was used as a basis for the calculations as it provides emission factors (CO 2 and criteria air pollutants) for the
different types of vehicles. Also, the emission factors it provides have been derived from tests done in developing
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countries. The tool lacks the emission factors for CH4 and N2O, which are now sourced from the IPCC and WRI. (From
IPPC, the value for the Global Warming Potential is used as conversion factor to get CO 2 mass equivalent for CH4, 21, and
N2O, 310)
The GHG emissions are estimated by multiplying the fuel consumption of the vehicles (based on categories as explained in
the paragraph below) and their corresponding emission factors. Air pollutant emissions are estimated by multiplying
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distance-travelled data with distance-based emission factors.
The UNEP-TNT Fleet Management Toolkit categorizes the vehicles based on weight, fuel type and the emission control
technologies found in the vehicles and/or their compliance to the Euro emissions standards. The original categories in the
toolkit are:
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Most of the calculated emissions in this inventory assume no control. See the appendix for the details of the emission factors used.
http://www.unep.org/pcfv/meetings/cleanfleettoolkit.asp
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual:
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 3, United Nations Environment Programme,
the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Energy Agency, and the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1996, Table 1-25.
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World Resources Institute. 2008. GHG Protocol tool for mobile combustion. Version 2.0.
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If actual data is not available, averages from the UNEP-TNT Toolkit are used.
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Table 3: Vehicle Categories according to the UNEP TNT Clean Fleet Toolkit
Categories
Sub-categories
Petrol - without catalyst
Passenger
cars
Petrol - with 3-way catalyst
Diesel - without Particulate Matter filter
Diesel - with PM filter
Light duty - pre Euro
Light duty
trucks & buses
Light duty - Euro I+II
Light duty - III+IV
Light duty - Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
Medium duty - pre Euro
Medium duty
trucks & buses
Medium duty - Euro I+II
Medium duty - Euro III+IV
Medium duty - Euro V
Heavy duty - pre-Euro
Heavy duty
trucks & buses
Heavy duty - Euro I+II
Heavy duty - Euro III+IV
Heavy duty - Euro V
Motorcycles with 4-stroke engines
Motorcycles
To make the tool more user-friendly and more applicable to the terms being used in the Philippines, the original listing of
categories had been renamed according to the equivalent specifications, particularly the passenger car categories as
shown in the table below:
Table 4: Changes in the Categories in the UNEP TNT Clean Fleet Toolkit
Original Categories
Passenger car – Petrol - without catalyst
Passenger car – Petrol – with 3 way catalyst
Passenger car – Diesel - without particulate matter filter
Passenger car – Diesel – with particulate matter filter
Revised Categories
Passenger car – Petrol – Pre-Euro and Euro 1
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Passenger car – Petrol – Euro 2 and above
Passenger car – Diesel – Pre-Euro up to Euro 2
Passenger car – Diesel – Euro 3 and above
Due to the limitations of the UNEP-TNT tool in terms of providing a good number of vehicle categories, the vehicles are
categorized according to their year of manufacturing, thus capturing the vehicle emission standards that they have. In the
Philippines, Euro 1 was introduced in 2003 and Euro 2 standards in 2008. Even though the vehicle classification in the tool
is limited, it gives a good overview of the emissions from the different types of vehicles in the fleet. There are vehicles,
which are compliant with higher Euro standards. If this is indicated by the manufacturer, it is important that these
vehicles be categorized into the proper group.
10
According to the EMEP/Corinair Emissions inventory Handbook (2007), three-way catalysts were first introduced in Euro 1 passenger
cars. This inventory, however, treats the improved closed-loop three-way catalysts, which were first introduced in Euro 2 passenger
cars, as the “3-way catalysts.”
8|Page
Table 5: Vehicle Emission Standards in the Philippines
Standard
Guidance
Pre-Euro
Euro I
Euro II
Euro III and
above
any vehicle model <2003
vehicle models from January 2003 to December 2007
vehicle models from January 2008
some exemptions such as Honda passenger cars released from 2003 in the Philippines are already Euro 4
compliant
11
Table 6: Vehicle Types and Weights
Vehicle Type
Gross Vehicle Weight
Passenger cars
< 2.2 tons
Light truck
>2.2 to 4.5 tons
Medium truck
>4.5 to 15 tons
Heavy truck
>15 tons
The activity data needed for the calculation of the emissions for the company-owned vehicles are:
Table 7: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Vehicles
Data variable
Fuel consumption
12
Distance traveled
Weight of vehicle
Vehicle emission standard
Unit
Liters
Km
Tons
According to Euro Standards
Use
Activity data
Activity data
For categorization
For categorization
Internal Combustion Sources
The emissions from other internal combustion engines used in Maynilad are accounted for in this engine category.
Internal combustion engines such as aerial lifts, forklifts, generators, are some of the examples of the sources, which can
be included here.
13
14
The USEPA AP-42 Chapter 3.3 and Chapter 3.4 are used in the development of the calculation sheet for this category.
The data needed for the calculation of the emissions for the internal combustion engines are:
Table 8: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines
Data variable
Fuel consumption
Rating
Availability of NOx controls
15
Density of fuel used
16
Sulfur content of fuel
Unit
Liters
Horsepower
Yes or No
Kg/L
%
Use
Activity data
For categorization
Used in the calculation of the NOx emissions
For converting fuel volume to weight
For SOx emissions
Other Scope 1 Emissions
The direct emissions from other relatively small contributors are lumped under this category. For the first inventory of
Maynilad, this only includes fugitive emissions from wastewater lagoons and biosolids production as it has been decided
11
“Vehicle models” refer to passenger cars, light, medium and heavy trucks. It does not include motorcycles.
If the odometer readings are not available, default fuel efficiency values can be used to convert the fuel consumption figures into
distance figures. The tool adopts the fuel efficiency values from the UNEP –TNT Clean Fleet Management Toolkit. If better figures,
which may closely reflect the fuel efficiency of the vehicles of the Maynilad Fleet, are available, these should be used.
13
Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines
14
Large Stationary and all Stationary Dual-fuel Engines
15
Fuel oil only
16
500 ppm, as per the current standards in the Philippines
12
9|Page
that the other sources (such as LPG consumption which was initially considered but eventually excluded because little
emissions were generated) only emit a very minute amount of emissions as compared to the other sources. However,
future inventories may include other sources as well.
Fugitive Emissions from Wastewater Lagoons
When considering greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment systems, there are two primary classes
of biological treatment units: aerobic treatment units and anaerobic treatment units. Some treatment units, such as
facultative lagoons, may be a mixture of the two, with aerobic zones near the surface of the lagoon and anaerobic zones
in the lower depths of the lagoon. Regardless of the type of biological treatment employed, the biochemical reactions are
similar, with organic carbon compounds being oxidized to form new cells, CO 2 and/or CH4 and water.
Maynilad accounted for fugitive emissions from wastewater lagoons of the Dagat-dagatan Sewage and Septage
Treatment Plant (DDSSTP) and emissions from the discharge pathway of Tondo Sewage Pumping Plant (TSPP), DDSSTP,
Alabang STP and Congressional STP.
In the estimation of fugitive emissions for DDSSTP, Maynilad utilized the methods stated in the Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Estimation Methodologies for Biogenic Emissions from Selected Source Categories: Solid Waste Disposal,
Wastewater Treatment and Ethanol Fermentation that was prepared by Research Triangle Institute (RTI) for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Aerobic wastewater treatment systems produce primarily CO2, whereas anaerobic systems produce a mixture of
CH4 and CO2. Equations 3-1 and 3-2 provide a general means of estimating the CO2 and CH4 emissions directly from any
type of wastewater treatment process assuming all organic carbon removed from the wastewater is converted to either
CO2, CH4, or new biomass.
Where,
Qww= wastewater influent flowrate
OD = Oxygen demand of influent wastewater to the biological treatment unit determined as either BOD 5 or COD
(mg/L = g/m3)
EffOD = Oxygen demand removal efficiency of the biological treatment unit
CFCO2= Conversion factor for maximum CO2 generation per unit of oxygen demand
= 44/32 = 1.375 g CO2/ g oxygen demand
CFCH4= Conversion factor for maximum CH4 generation per unit of oxygen demand
= 16/32 = 0.5 g CH4/ g oxygen demand
MCFWW = methane correction factor for wastewater treatment unit, indicating the fraction of the influent
oxygen demand that is converted anaerobically in the wastewater treatment unit
BGCH4= Fraction of carbon as CH4 in generated biogas (default is 0.65)
λ = Biomass yield (g C converted to biomass/g C consumed in the wastewater
treatment process
10 | P a g e
Table 9: Default Values for Methane Correction Factor and Biomass Yield
Table 10: Values obtained from Table 10 utilized for the estimation of DDSTP emissions.
Facility Name
DDSSTP
Process
Facultative Lagoon, shallow
MCF
Λ
0.2
0
For DDSSTP, the treatment process in the lagoons can undergo partial anaerobic and aerobic process. Thus, CO 2 and CH4
emissions can both occur in the system.
Table 11: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Wastewater System – Facultative Lagoon
Data variable
Unit
Use
Volume of Wastewater Treated
cubic meters
Activity data
BOD concentration
mg/L
Activity data
Table 12: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Wastewater System – Discharge Pathway
Data variable
Unit
Use
Volume of Wastewater Treated
cubic meters
Activity data
BOD removed
COD removed
ton/m
3
ton/m
3
Activity data
Activity Data
Actual BOD and COD values from the treatment process were used in the estimation of greenhouse gas
emissions from Maynilad Wastewater Treatment Systems. Influent and effluent BOD were obtained from the
consolidated laboratory results of 2009.
Maynilad also accounted for fugitive emissions from biosolids production prior to land application. It is possible
that biosolids in the form of a wet cake could generate and emit CH 4 during storage. Based on research of CH 4 and N2O
emissions from materials with similar physical and nutrient qualities to biosolids, CH 4 and N2O emissions factors were
developed and can be used in combination with the number of days that biosolids are stored in order to determine
11 | P a g e
emissions for these two GHGs (Sylvis, 2009). Estimation of emissions was based from Biosolids Emissions Assessment
Model for Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Canadian Biosolids Management Practices by Sylvis (2009).
Fugitive Emissions from Biosolids Production
Fugitive emissions from biosolids production prior to land application are also included. Estimation of emissions was
based from Biosolids Emissions Assessment Model for Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Canadian Biosolids
Management Practices by Sylvis (2009).
The equation used in estimating the CH4 emissions from storage of biosolids prior to land application is adopted from
Sylvis (2009).
a)
If the solids content of the biosolids is < 55%, then:
Notes:
CO2eq is CO2 equivalent expressed in tons
3
Volume of biosolids are expressed in m
3
17
CH4emissions from stored biosolids is 0.0091 kg/m -day
GWP is the Global Warming Potential of CH4, which is 21
b) If the solids content of the biosolids is > 55%, then
CH4 = 0
Scope 2: Indirect Emissions from Purchased Electricity
Scope 2 emissions exclusively refer to emissions generated from the consumption of purchased electricity. Indirect
emissions from purchased electricity are calculated using emission factors calculated from official electricity data from the
Department of Energy. Due to the lack of data on the pollution abatement efficiencies of the power plants in the grid, it is
18
assumed that the abatement efficiencies are 0% to uphold the concept of conservativeness in estimation of emissions
pending availability of actual information. A single emission factor for the Luzon and Visayas grids is used because these
19
two grids are interconnected. Low-cost, must-run renewable energy resources are assumed to be zero-emissions.
The emission factor of the power grid for the baseline inventory was computed using the 2009 power generation data
from the Department of Energy (DOE). Every year, the department posts in its website the power generated for the
previous year.
Table 13: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Electricity Consumption
Data variable
Electricity consumption
Electricity generation
(by plant type)
Unit
kWh
MWh
Use
Activity data
For subsequent years, the emission factor of the grid needs to be updated. The
electricity generation data for the grid is used to calculate the said emission factor. The
data can be downloaded from the DOE’s Powerstats website
17
(Clemens et al., 2006 as cited by Sylvis)
Conservativeness means that emission reduction calculations shall not be overestimated.
19
The details of the emission factor quantification methodology can be found in
http://www.klima.ph/cd4cdm/documents/baseline_intro.php
18
12 | P a g e
Scope 3: Other Indirect Emissions
Scope 3 captures all the other indirect emissions, which are generated outside of Maynilad’s control but are important to
the operations of Maynilad.
Contracted-out Vehicles
The emissions from the contracted-out vehicles (if data is available) are computed using the same methodology described
in the earlier section on company-owned (Scope 1) vehicles.
Contracted-out Equipment (internal combustion engines)
The emissions from the contracted-out equipment (if data is available) are computed using the same methodology
described in the earlier section on company-owned (Scope 1) internal combustion engines.
Business Travel (Business Flights only)
Emissions from business flights are included in the inventory. The table below shows the pertinent information that is
needed to calculate the flight emissions.
Table 14: Data Needed for Estimating Emissions from Business Flights
Data variable
Distance (one-way)
Cabin class
Number of passengers
Unit
Use
Kms
Identify whether the flight is
economy, premium economy,
business class, first class (or if
unknown – put “average”)
Activity data
To allocate the emissions for each
of the passengers (for GHG
emissions only)
To allocate the air pollutant
emissions to the passengers
Number of people
In order to calculate the GHG emissions from the flights, the tool adopts the methodology of the “2009 Guidelines to
20
Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting”. It takes into account the uplift factor by assigning +9%
to the distance, as recommended by the IPCC Aviation and Global Atmosphere 8.2.2.3. The basic formula used in the
calculation of the GHG emissions is:
The emission factors for the GHGs are dependent on the type of flight (short, medium or long haul) and the cabin class.
Table 15: Travel Distances
Type
Distance (kilometers)
Short
Medium
Long
<=463
464-1108
>1108
For the criteria air pollutants, only NOx, CO and HC are calculated. The EMEP/CORINAIR Emissions Inventory Handbook
21
(2007) Chapter 8 was used as a guide. The said guidebook provides general emission factors for “various aircrafts” and
these were used for simplicity. The vehicle kilometers travelled are translated into the appropriate emission factors (see
Annex 4) and the resulting figure is divided by the number of passengers in the flight to get the per passenger emissions.
(
)
20
Produced by the Association of European Airlines
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEPCORINAIR5/page017.html
21
13 | P a g e
It is assumed that short flights (such as local flights) are done using smaller planes. The calculations assume that an Airbus
22
319 is the type of plane used in these short flights. It has a capacity of 134 passengers. For medium and long haul flight,
23
the calculations assume that an Airbus 320 is used which has a maximum capacity of 177. An 80% occupancy rate is
24
assumed as well.
Emission Factors and other Constants
Please refer to Annex 4 for the emission factors and other constants that were used in the calculations are found. If
emission factors that are more specific to the operations of Maynilad be available, these shall supersede the existing
emission factors. Any changes in the emission factors shall be noted as well as the reason for the changes.
User’s Guide for the GHG and AP Emissions Accounting Tool
The User’s Guide for the GHG and Air Pollutant Emissions Accounting Tool for Maynilad is a step-by-step guide for using
the tool and explains the different components of the sheets that are within the said tool. The User’s Guide does not
explain the logic of the calculations, the equations used, as well as the references of the default parameters that were
used. Also, it does not discuss where the inputs are to be collected from within the organization. These are documented
in the inventory management plan. See Annex 6
22
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A320_family
http://www.seatmaestro.com/airplanes-seat-maps/qatar-airways-airbus-a320-321-177-pax.html
24
Murty. Greenhouse Gas Pollution in the Stratosphere Due to Increasing Airplane Traffic, Effects on the Environment.
http://www.areco.org/planetravel.pdf
23
14 | P a g e
Data Management
This section discusses the components that are pertinent to the management of data for the GHG inventory of Maynilad.
Data Collection
Based on the identified Scope 1, 2 and 3 emission sources, an Excel-based data collection form was developed by CAI-Asia
in collaboration with the Green Team. The data collection forms would be the instrument for data collection and the data
gathered shall be linked with the calculation tools.
The Green Team has also developed simplified flowcharts, which represent how data shall be collected for the different
major emission sources of Maynilad (please refer to Annex 5).
Quality Assurance
To ensure the quality and integrity of data collected, the Green Team will meet every four months to discuss activity data
and results of emissions for internal quality assurance review. Each group (Corporate, Business Area, Water Network,
Water Production, and Wastewater Management) is responsible for ensuring quality of activity data and computed
emissions, and presenting at trimestral meetings of Green Team for internal review. Annex 5 also includes details on
which units shall be responsible for validating the primary data (from the current existing procedures) that will be used in
the inventory.
Inventory Uncertainties
GHG inventories are associated with uncertainties. For example, many direct and indirect factors related with global
warming potentials (GWP) values that are used to combine emission estimates for various GHG involve significant
scientific uncertainty. Analyzing and quantifying such uncertainty is likely to be beyond the capacity of most company
inventory programs. Moreover, it is also believed that all emissions or removal quantification are associated with
estimation uncertainty. There are two classifications of estimation uncertainty, namely: model uncertainty and parameter
uncertainty. Model uncertainty refers to the uncertainty associated with the mathematical equations (i.e. models) used to
characterize the relationships between various parameters and emission processes. Parameter uncertainty refers to the
uncertainty associated with quantifying the parameters used as inputs (e.g. activity data and emission factors) into
estimation models.
Frequency of Reporting
For internal reporting, the members of the Green Team will provide activity data and emissions results every four months
in time for discussions at the scheduled trimestral Green Team meetings. Trimestral meetings are scheduled no later than
one month after end of trimester (i.e. February, July and October). Green Team subsequently updates Top Management
Team every trimester and annually for review.
For external reporting, results of the Maynilad GHG/AP emissions accounting will be submitted to Corporate
Communications for posting in the company website.
15 | P a g e
Base Year
The base year is the year that will be used in assessing the direction of the emissions of Maynilad in the future. 2009 was
selected as the base year to account for the transition and re-organization, which took place in 2008.
Recalculation of Base Year Emissions
Structural Changes
In the event of an acquisition or subsequent divestiture, the base year and subsequent years will be adjusted to include or
exclude the applicable emissions from each acquisition or divestiture, respectively. If the acquisition or divestiture did not
exist in the base years, the base years emissions will not be recalculated and adjustments to the inventory will be made as
far back as the data is available.
Methodology Changes
If any changes to emission factors or calculation methodologies were found to result in significant differences,
adjustments will be made to the calculations for the years affected. Likewise, a base year adjustment will be made if
changes in calculations for the corresponding time frame or improvements in data accuracy lead to significant differences
in emissions. If the change is not significant that is not more than 5% or the data is not available for all past years, the new
methodology or calculation will be addressed in the report without recalculation to enhance transparency.
16 | P a g e
Management Tools
Roles and Responsibilities
The Green Team shall be responsible for the overall conduct of the GHG and air pollutant emissions inventory. Ensuring
the quality of the data collection and emissions estimation are core responsibilities of the Green Team. The management
shall be responsible for giving the overall direction of the emissions accounting and reduction initiatives of Maynilad.
Training
In preparation for the 2009 GHG and air pollutant emissions inventory, members of the Green Team participated in a twoday training workshop on the internationally accepted GHG protocol. For subsequent preparations of the GHG and air
pollutant emissions inventory, the Green Team will initiate at least one training/refresher seminar every year for both
existing and new team members.
Document Retention and Control Policy
All information and records pertaining to the IMP, activity data, emission factors and emissions inventory results are
maintained by the IMS Department for a minimum of 3 years. Version control numbers in the cover page shall be applied
which indicates that that there were revisions made in the succeeding IMPs.
Auditing and Verification
Internal Auditing
The green team shall conduct internal audit of its yearly inventory prior to finalization of the report. Internal
audit shall be conducted through cross checking by different groups of the green team or shall tap services of the
IMS internal auditors.
External Validation and/or Verification
As the Philippines currently does not have local emissions inventory auditors/validators, Maynilad has acquired
services of TUV Rheinland in reviewing the GHG/AP emissions accounting process and results of its 2009 base
year inventory. Yearly inventories shall also be subject to external validation and/or verification.
Management Review
The Green Team will update the Top Management Team (TMT) on any related recommendations every trimester. They
will also prepare an annual emissions summary for TMT review.
Corrective Action
All corrective actions for the IMP and the emissions inventory will be implemented by the Green Team within an agreed
time frame with TMT, and documented accordingly.
17 | P a g e
References
American Petroleum Institute (API). 2004. Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation
Methodologies for the Oil and Gas Industry.. Available at:
http://www.api.org/~/media/files/ehs/climate-change/2009_ghg_compendium.pdf
Association of European Airlines. 2012. 2012 Guidelines to Defra/DECC’s GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting.
CDM Executive Board. 2009. AMS-III.H.: Methane recovery in wastewater treatment --- Version 13. Available at:
http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/38KXC1GFF824VHL2VB6K3FLNXJ8J5D/view.html
European Environmental Agency (EEA). 2007. EMEP/CORINAIR Emissions Inventory Handbook (2007) Chapter 8. Available
at http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEPCORINAIR5/page017.html
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methodologies for Biogenic Emissions from Selected Source Categories: Solid Waste
Disposal, Wastewater Treatment and Ethanol Fermentation . Research Triangle Institute (RTI). December 2010. Retrieved
from: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/efpac/ghg/GHG_Biogenic_Report_draft_Dec1410.pdf
Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum (GAPF). 2007. Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory
Manual Ver 1.3. Available at http://www.sei.se/editable/pages/sections/atmospheric/Forum_emissions_manual_v1.1.pdf
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1996. Revised 1996 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Reference Manual. Available at http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.html
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Available at http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
Mejia, A. GHG Baseline Construction for the Philippine Electricity Grids. 2006. Available at The Global Atmospheric
Pollution Forum Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory Manual Ver 1.3.
http://www.klima.ph/cd4cdm/documents/baseline_intro.php
Murty, K. Greenhouse Gas Pollution in the Stratosphere Due to Increasing Airplane Traffic, Effects On the Environment
http://www.areco.org/planetravel.pdf
Sylvis. 2009. Biosolids Emissions Assessment Model for Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Canadian Biosolids
Management Practices
http://www.ccme.ca/files/Resources/waste/biosolids/beam_final_report_1432.pdf
United Nations Environment Programme – Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (UNEP-PCFV).UNEP-TNT Clean Fleet
Management Toolkit. Accessible at http://www.unep.org/tnt-unep/toolkit/
United States Department of Energy: 2000. Technical Support Document: Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer
Products. Appendix K-2: Emissions Factors for Fuel Combustion from Natural Gas, LPG, and Oil-Fired Residential Water
Heaters. Washington, DC, Building Research and Standards Office. Available at:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/pdfs/k-2.pdf
Villarin, et al. Tracking Greenhouse Gases – A Guide for Country Inventories
World Resources Institute (WRI). 2008. GHG Protocol Calculation Tools. Available at
http://www.ghgprotocol.org/calculation-tools/all-tools
18 | P a g e
Other references from Maynilad:
Maynilad Water Services Inc QESH Policy
Maynilad Water Services Inc IMS documents
Maynilad Water Services Inc Website – www.mayniladwater.com.ph
Memo dated September 30, 2014 Re: Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Team
Maynilad Water Safety Plans (2012)
19 | P a g e
Annexes
Annex 1 - Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Policy
20 | P a g e
Annex 2 – List of Facilities
0|Page
Facility
Water Production
Water Production
Water Production
Water Production
Water Production
Water Production
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Business Areas
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Central NRW
Central NRW
Central NRW
Central NRW
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
La Mesa Treatment Plant 1
La Mesa Treatment Plant 2
CPF Office
Bicti Desilting Basin
Ipo-Office Building
Putatan Treatment Plant
Cavite/Las Piñas Business Area
Fairview/Commonwealth Business Area
Malabon/Navotas Business Area
Muntinlupa Business Area
North Caloocan Business Area
Novaliches/Valenzuela Business Area
Parañaque Business Area
Quirino/Roosevelt Business Area
Sampaloc Business Area
South Caloocan Business Area
South Manila /Pasay/Makati Business Area
Tondo Business Area
South Caloocan Warehouse
Zabarte Warehouse
Valenzuela Warehouse
Cordillera Warehouse
Arroceros Warehouse
Imus Cavite Warehouse
Paranaque Warehouse
Muntinlupa Warehouse
Central Materials Depot (Socea Bonna)
Central Laboratory
Head Office
Environmental Management
Fleet Management
GIS
Information Technology
Safety
Security
Telemetry
Bangkal Office
Arroceros Office
IMM Office (old Pasay Business Area)
Meter Lab
La Mesa Pumping Station
La Mesa North C
Bagbag Reservoir & Pumping Station
Fairview Ruby Booster Station
Fairview # 3 Pumping and Reservoir
Fairview # 4 Pumping and Reservoir
Novaliches Pumping Station and Reservoir
Sacred Heart Reservior
Binuksuk Reservoir
Caloocan Pumping Station and Reservoir
Tondo Pumping Station and Reservoir
Algeciras Pumping Station and Reservoir
Pasay Pumping Station and Reservoir
Old Villamor Booster Station
Villamor Booster Station
Ermita Pumping Station and Reservoir
Espiritu Pumping Station and Reservoir
Noveleta Pumping Station and Reservoir
D. Tuazon Pumping Station and Reservoir
Commonwealth Booster Station
Excluded?
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Reasons for Exclusion
New
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
No Emissions
For pull-out (MERALCO Power terminated Nov. 2010)
0|Page
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Pagcor Pump Station
Ayala Alabang Reservoir 1
Ayala Alabang Reservoir 2
Southvale Booster
Manga Mini Booster
Vitas 1 Mini Booster
Vitas 2 Mini Booster
Pag-asa Mini Booster
Zapote Mini Booster
Dampalit Mini Booster
Lebanon Mini Booster
Pio Mini Booster
Hemlock Mini Booster
Maharlika Mini Booster
Phase 10 Mini Booster
Philtrade Mini Booster Plant
Greenview # 1
Greenview #2
Greenview #3
Richland 1
Rolling Meadows 1
Rolling Meadows 2
San Pedro 7
Remarville
Rockville 2
Rainbow
North Point
Goodwill
Dona Juana
Villa Gracia
Don Jose
Jordan Park Homes
Northridge Park
Filinvest 1 Deepwell 1
IBP Deepwell
Nelsonville
Bagong Silang Phase 10
Castle Spring
Christina
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Good Harvest
Yes
Kingstown Deepwell 1
Kingstown Deepwell 2
Lagro Deepwell 1
Natividad 1 (Deparo)
Pamahay Homes
Smile Citihomes
Greenfields #3
Greenfields #1
Sugartowne
Brittany
Del Rey III
Tanada
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Inactive/Standby
Not Operational
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Not Operational
Not Operational
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Not Operational since May 19, 2009
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby w/ Power Consumption
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
1|Page
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Niog
Talaba
Daang Bukid
Dulong Bayan
Molino
Bacoor Central
Antonio
Bagong Pook
New Crescini
Garcia Extension
J. Felipe
Magcauas
Manalac
Militar
Rivero
Samonte Park
San Nicolas
Imus Sector
Plaza Garcia
Georosville
Yengco Street
Magasalang 2A
Magasalang 2D
Balsahan
Malamok
Tirona
Aguinaldo
Josephine
Magdalo
New Well Field 1
New Well Field 2
New Well Field 3
New Noveleta 4
New Well Field 5
New Well Field 6
New Well Field 7
New Well Field 8
New Noveleta Central Deepwell
Pandawan
Poblacion
Alabang Junction
Bliss
Buendia
JPA Subdivision
Lakeview
Mutual Homes 1
New Mutual
Pedro Diaz
Villa Carolina
Tunasan
Don Aguedo
Coral
Esmeralda
Champaca
Sucat
Buensuceso
Maricaban 1
Maricaban 2
Maricaban 3
Southvale Deepwell 4
Southvale Deepwell 3
Putatan Deepwell # 6
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
YES
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive as of February 24, 2012
Inactive as of April 25, 2012
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
2|Page
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Water Network
Sewerage and Sanitation
Jasonville Pump
Basketball Court Pump
San Guillermo Pump
University Pump
Madrigal pump
Luzon Pump
Acacia Pump
Ma. Cristina Pump
Apitong Pump
Acacia-Adelfa Pump
Rosal Pump
Taysan Pump
Country Club Pump
San Juanico Pump
Mc Donalds Pump
Talisay Pump
La Salle Mini Booster Ayala Alabang
Bougainvilla pump
Assistant 1
Assistant 2
Baesa
Baler
EDSA
Fatima
Ilang-ilang
Karuhatan
Litex
Magallanes
Mindanao
Naga
R. Valenzuela
Reparo
New Reparo
New Pio online booster
Saranay
Silverio
Sta. Quiteria
Tamaraw
Tandang Sora
Vitalez
DMMA
Sampaguita
Marcos Alavrez Pump Station
Patindig Araw Pump Station
Daang Hari Pump Station
Baesa Pump Station
Dagat-dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment
Plant
Project 7 Imhoff Tank & Field Office
Roosevelt (AMA) Communal Septic Tank
Grant Sewage Treatment Plant
Congressional Sewage Treatment Plant
Legal Sewage Treatment Plant
Tondo Sewage Pumping Plant
Luneta Lift Station
Malate Lift Station
Port Area Lift Station
Sta. Cruz Lift Station
Legarda Lift Station
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
Inactive/Standby
New
New
New
New
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Under commissioning and process proving last year 2013
No existing data to account for methane emission/ For
Upgrading
Turn over to Maynilad last September 2013
Turn over to Maynilad last August 2013
3|Page
Sta. Ana Lift Station
Paco Lift Station
Vitas Barge Loading Facility
Alabang Sewage Treatment Plant
Alabang Lift Station A
Alabang Lift Station B
Alabang Lift Station C
Paco Sewage Treatment Plant
Baesa Sewage Treatment Plant
No
Yes
Transferred to Manila Water
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Abandoned office
Turn over to Maynilad last 2013
Turn over to Maynilad last 2013
4|Page
Annex 3 – List of Emissions Sources by Scope, Group and Facility
(Electronic Data, please See attached Files)
0|Page
Annex 4 – List of Emission Factors
0|Page
Annex 4.a. Mobile Sources (Road Fleet)
Source
Petrol Passenger Cars- without catalyst
Petrol Passenger Cars- with 3-way catalyst
Diesel Passenger Cars- without Particulate Matter filter
Diesel Passenger Cars- with PM filter
Light duty - Euro III+IV
Heavy duty - Euro V
Boats
Heavy duty - Euro V
Data Variable
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
Value
2.35
2.35
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.35
2.35
2.35
0.46
0.32
0.1
0.068
0.10
0.068
0.051
0.10
0.068
0.051
0.051
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.12
1.4
Unit
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
Kg/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
Reference
UNEP-TNT Toolkit, Tool 18, “Emission Factors” sheet
Assumed as “motorcycle with 2-stroke engine” from the UNEP TNT Toolkit Tool 18
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “Non-catalytic controlled LDGV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “tier 0 LDGV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Uncontrolled LDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Moderate LDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Moderate Control LDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Advance Control LDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Uncontrolled HDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Moderate Control HDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Advance Control HDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Non-catalytic controlled motorcycles”
Boats
CH4 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
2.3
0.17
g/liter
g/liter
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
0.028
0.66
0.16
0.21
0.16
0.21
0.22
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Uncontrolled motorcycles”
WRI GHG Protocol tool for mobile combustion. Version 2.0. “Reference EF Fuel Use” Sheet, taken
from “Ship and Boat - Gasoline”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “Non-catalytic controlled LDGV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “tier 0 LDGV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Moderate LDDV”
0|Page
Heavy duty - Euro V
Boats
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
N2O emission factor
0.16
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.075
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.045
0.048
0.115
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
g/liter
Heavy duty - Euro V
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
53
18
3.61
3.61
3.61
3.6
3.6
8.59
8.59
5.35
2.45
13.29
11.8
5.79
4.05
16
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Uncontrolled HDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Moderate Control HDDV”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Non-catalytic controlled motorcycles”
2009 API Compendium. Table 4-17, taken from “ Uncontrolled motorcycles”
WRI GHG Protocol tool for mobile combustion. Version 2.0. “Reference EF Fuel Use” Sheet, taken
from “Ship and Boat - Gasoline”
Boats
Heavy duty - Euro V
Boats
CO emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
VOC emission factor
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
27.5
27.5
8.84
0.78
1.88
0.3
1.88
0.19
0.19
1.65
1.65
1.15
0.89
2.53
2.53
1.59
1.43
5
14.4
14.4
1|Page
Heavy duty - Euro V
Boats
Heavy duty - Euro V
Boats
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
PM10 emission factor
2.52
1.17
1.67
0.89
1.67
1.64
1.64
15.33
15.01
9.2
4.41
23.8
20.4
10
7
0.99
0.16
0.16
0.05
0.05
0.22
0.16
0.29
0.26
0.25
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.98
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.22
0.08
0.27
0.13
0.13
0.67
0.67
0.29
0.07
2.15
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
2|Page
Heavy duty - Euro V
Boats
Heavy duty - Euro V
Boats
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
Km/liter
1.34
0.66
0.46
0.21
0.35
0.35
11.8
11.8
13.3
16.7
8.33
9.1
9.1
11.1
3.85
3.85
3.85
2.75
2.75
2.75
2.75
33.3
25.6
25.6
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
g/km
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
km/L
UNEP-TNT Toolkit, Tool 18, “Fuel to kms converter” sheet
3|Page
Annex 4.b. Business Flights
Source
Short haul flight, average cabin class
Medium haul flight average cabin class
Medium haul flight, economy cabin class
Medium haul flight, business cabin class
Long haul flight, average cabin class
Long haul flight, economy cabin class
Long haul flight, premium economy cabin class
Long haul flight, business cabin class
Long haul flight, first cabin class
<125 Nautical miles flight
125 to 250 Nautical miles flight
Data Variable
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
NOx emission factor
HC emission factor
HC emission factor
HC emission factor
HC emission factor
HC emission factor
HC emission factor
HC emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
Value
0.15829
0.00011
0.00156
0.09330
0.00001
0.00092
0.08891
0.00001
0.00088
0.13337
0.00001
0.00131
0.10982
0.00001
0.00108
0.08017
0.00000
0.00079
0.12827
0.00001
0.00126
0.23250
0.00001
0.00229
0.32068
0.00002
0.00316
17.7
23.6
36.9
48.7
60.2
86.3
114.4
0.8176
0.9129
0.9958
1.0652
1.1181
1.2404
1.3741
14.2525
15.836
17.5255
190.6066
Unit
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
kgCO2e/pkm
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Reference
AEA. 2013 Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting
EMEP/CORINAIR Emissions Inventory Handbook (2007) Chapter 8
4|Page
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
CO emission factor
20.3693
23.2982
26.4263
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
Kg/flight
5|Page
Annex 4.c. Internal Combustion Engines
Engine Types
Large Stationary Diesel Engine (>600 hp)
Industrial Gasoline Engine (≤250 hp)
Industrial Diesel Engine (≤600 hp)
Notes: S = sulfur content of fuel
Data Variable
CO2 emission factor
CO emission factor
TOC emission factor
NOx emission factor
(uncontrolled)
NOx emission factor
(controlled)
SOx emission factor
PM emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO emission factor
TOC emission factor
NOx emission factor
(uncontrolled)
NOx emission factor
(controlled)
SOx emission factor
PM emission factor
CO2 emission factor
CO emission factor
TOC emission factor
NOx emission factor
SOx emission factor
PM emission factor
Value
165
0.85
0.09
Unit
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
USEPA AP-42, Chapter 3.4, Table 3.4.1
Reference
3.2
lb/MMBtu
1.9
lb/MMBtu
1.01S
0.1
154
0.99
2.1
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
1.63
lb/MMBtu
1.63
lb/MMBtu
0.084
0.1
164
0.95
0.35
4.41
0.29
0.31
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
lb/MMBtu
6|Page
Annex 4.d. Other Emissions
Source
Wastewater lagoons
Wastewater lagoons
Data Variable
Methane emission factor
Bo
Value
0.12
0.6
Wastewater lagoons
Wastewater lagoons
Wastewater lagoons
Biosolids production
LPG Use (for cooking)
MCF (Methane correction
factor)
GWP CH4 (Global warming
potential of methane)
Uncertainty model correction
factor
CH4 emissions from stored
biosolids
Acetylene Use
Carbon content
LPG heating value
Fraction of Carbon Oxidized
(LPG combustion)
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
NOx emission factor
CO emission factor
SO2 emission factor
NMVOC emission factor
CO2 emission factor
Acetylene Use
CO2 emission factor
Unit
Reference
Bo * MCF
kg CH4 /
kg BOD5
Maximum CH4-producing capacity of domestic wastewater, in (IPCC, USEPA.)
USEPA. 2007
0.2
2006 IPCC Guidelines
21
IPCC
0.94
0.0091
17.2
47.3
99.5
2
0.6
66
326
7
5
0.51
3.38
0.00010
43
Kg/m3day2
Slvis. 2009. Biosolids Emissions Assessment Model for Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Canadian
Biosolids Management Practices
kg/GJ
MJ/kg
%
2006 IPCC Guidelines. Chapter 1. Table 1.3
kg/TJ
kg/TJ
kg/TJ
kg/TJ
kg/TJ
kg/TJ
kg/TJ
kgCO2/k
gC2H2
tons
CO2/cub
ic feet
US DOE: Technical Support Document: Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products. Appendix K-2, Table K-2.1
GAPF. The Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Manual. Table A4.2
US DOE: Technical Support Document: Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products. Appendix K-2, Table K-2.
ICF International. Shipbuilding Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Inventory Tool Version 2.1.
http://www.epa.gov/opispdwb/sectorinfo/sectorprofiles/shipbuilding/shipbuilding-inventory-tool.xls
California Climate Registry. New Acetylene Emission Factor.
http://www.climateregistry.org/resources/docs/members-only/reporting-tips/acetylene-emission-factor.doc
Electricity Consumption
Source
Electricity Grid (2013)
Data Variable
CO2 emission factor
CH4 emission factor
N2O emission factor
NOx emission factor
CO emission factor
NMVOC emission factor
SO2 emission factor
Value
0.55227442
0.00000730
0.00000647
0.00166248
0.00013108
0.00003318
0.01326839
0.00001261
Unit
tons/Mwh
tons/Mwh
tons/Mwh
tons/Mwh
tons/Mwh
tons/Mwh
tons/Mwh
tons/Mwh
Reference
Calculated
Calculated
Calculated
Calculated
Calculated
Calculated
Calculated
Calculated
7|Page
Annex 5 – Data Collection Process Flowcharts
8|Page
9|Page
10 | P a g e
11 | P a g e
12 | P a g e
13 | P a g e
Annex 6 – User’s Guide for the GHG and Air Pollutant Emissions Accounting Tool
(Electronic Data, please See attached File)
14 | P a g e

Maynilad Water Services Inc.

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