Fall 2001 - the Illinois Society of Anesthesiologists
Transcription
Fall 2001 - the Illinois Society of Anesthesiologists
SEPTEM B ER/OCTOB ER 2001 ISATODAY ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ILLINOIS SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS ◆ VOLUME NO. 34 ISSUE NO. 2 2001 Midwest Anesthesia Conference President’s Message Thomas W. Cutter, MD T he 38th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exhibition for the Illinois Society of Anesthesiologists was an unqualified success. Worldfamous speakers from both coasts, Canada, and places in between delivered a rich and diverse program. Topics included current issues with muscle relaxants, the future of ASA President Elect Barry Glazer, MD (left) and Robert blood substitutes, pediatric Stoelting, MD, the 2001 Ralph Waters Awardee. anesthesia, the new COX-2 The Friday evening reception, held at the analgesics, the application of EEG monitor95th located in the Hancock Building, was ing intraoperatively, staffing issues, and also well appreciated. Perhaps the fondest monitoring. New medications discussed memories were generated by the President’s included muscle relaxants, inhaled anesthetDinner, held at the Field Museum and hostics, volatile analgesics, and cardiac support ed by Sue, the Tyrannosaurus Rex. Besides drugs. In addition, Dr. Stoelting talked about signifying the changing of the guard as Dr. the new risks of anesthesia and delivered his Jeffrey Apfelbaum turned over the reins to perspective on views in anesthesia as he incoming president, Dr. John Paul McGee, it received the 2001 Ralph Waters Award. Keeping with tradition, the ISA Resident continued on page 6 Section held its annual Jeopardy Tournament. While all teams distinguished I N S I D E T H I S I SS U E themselves, special recognition goes to University of Illinois (Najmeddin President’s Message........................... 1 Beyranrand, MD, Shweta Reddy, MD, and Editor’s Notes ....................................... 2 Angelito Sajor, MD) for winning the tournaCalendar of Meetings......................... 3 ment. Fall Meeting 2001 Speakers ............ 3 The social functions were also well MAC Moderator Reviews .................. 6 attended and received. The two luncheons Report of ASA Dist. 14 Director...... 8 enabled the attendees to have a chance to enjoy each other’s company, as well as to HIPAA Is Coming to Your Hospital ........................................ 11 gain more insight into the anesthesia prod2001 End of Session Report............ 12 ucts and services offered by the exhibitors. IMAPAC Contributors ......................... 15 A Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with One Step John Paul McGee, II, MD F or my first column as President I would convince you that the strength of our society must be as much in its members as in its leadership. With the proposal from Mr. Thompson and Health and Human Services to retain physician direction of anesthesia, we have gained time to participate in our govermental processes. We must show our support for this new rule during the comment period, and we must cultivate relationships with our Illinois state representatives since the new rule will encourage direct appeal to the Governor. We must bear witness to the fact that anesthesia is the practice of medicine, and that the medical care of the anesthetized patient involves planning, coordination of resources, medical interpretation of data and rapid response to situations during and after the anesthetic. We do much more than operate an anesthesia machine or perform techniques, for most of the changes we treat have their basis in the physiologic responses to the surgical processes as modified by the patient’s continued on page 4 ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 editor’s notes Political Meandering and the Practice of Anesthesiology in Illinois 2 opportunity for their respective party. Senate majority leader,“Pate” Philips (R) and House Minority Leader, Lee Daniels (R) and their counterparts, Speaker Madigan (D) and Senate Minority Leader, Emil Jones (D) will have their plans ready in July. Consensus is unlikely and the Illinois “Supremes” will be called upon to judiciously create the compromise that will determine the political landscape of Illinois for next decade. The State Supreme Court is designed to be apolitical. However, the current Court favors the Democrats. Soon, the legislative map will Hugh C. Gilbert, MD elcome to the summer of 2001. This edition of ISA Today is devoted to a review of the MAC meeting, and introduction of the newly elected ISA Board, and committee appointments. To those of you who have agreed to serve on an ISA committee please accept our thanks. Committee appointments are often political. The ISA tries to maintain balance based on our regional makeup. I am struck by the similarity of our process to the process of redistricting. The census of 2000 has been tabulated and now the states are in the throes of redistricting. According to the 2000 census, Illinois has a population of 12,439,042 and will lose one seat in the U.S. House due to national redistricting. Redistricting is the method Americans use to preserve the one person one vote system that ensures equal representation. One would think the process would be simple: find out how many people live where and divide up the populace using a predetermined denominator. On every level, redistricting defines our politics. Many a legislator have been gerrymandered into political oblivion. The Illinois general assembly is composed of a Senate (59) members and a House (118) members. Both the Republicans and the Democrats are working furiously to construct redistricting maps that preserve power and enhance W sitting on the sideline is a prescription for disaster. Physicians have political agendas. Nationally, anesthesiologists are supporting S. 1052, the Patient Rights legislation that tightens liability provisions for insurers but doesn’t open physicians and employers to increased risk of lawsuits. Physician supervision of advanced practice anesthesia nurses remains a major political battle that needs to be concluded rather than deferred. Our specialty is vulnerable because anesthesiologists have not supported the appeals by their professional organizations for political action. Census, consensus and redistricting are the process by which public policy is renewed. It appears that the judiciary will have an important role. Perhaps anesthesiologists should pay more attention to judicial elections. ISATODAY Hugh C. Gilbert, MD, recipient of the 2001 Distinguished Service Award at the recent Midwest Anesthesia Conference. be reworked to equalize representation. Redistricting has political fallout. The demographics of the census must be applied. Between 210,000 and 211,000 citizens should reside in each of the fifty-nine Senatorial districts. The final map will have significant political consequences. Aspiring politicians will examine the strengths and weaknesses of elected members and the composition of their new districts and determine the possibility for an election win. Representatives in the House are the most vulnerable to a challenge. The process requires time, energy, a political organization and MONEY. Political action by physicians will intensify in the next several years. Aspiring politicians will need grassroots support. All politicians need financial support! Anesthesiologists must become politically savvy. Now is the time for action. Each of us should meet with our legislators and representatives as ISA TODAY is a quarterly publication of the Illinois Society of Anesthesiologists, a component society of the American Society of Anesthesiologists.Views expressed by various authors are not necessarily those of the ISA. Letters to the Editor and all comments should be directed to the ISA office, 20 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 700, Chicago, Illinois 60602; 312.263.7150. The ISA does not claim any responsibility for the contents of advertising and the acceptance of advertising does not in any way constitute endorsement or approval by the Society of a product, service or company. Advertising rates and information can be obtained by calling the ISA. Editor: Hugh C. Gilbert, MD Editor: Janet M. Torpy, MD Staff Editor: Mary Hines ISA Officers: President: John Paul McGee, II, MD President-Elect: Timothy Lubenow, MD Immediate Past President: Jeffrey Apfelbaum, MD Vice President: David M. Rothenberg, MD Secretary: Usha Rani Nimmagadda, MD Treasurer: Julian Chestnut, DO ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 This is clearly demonstrated in a June 15, 2001 Chicago Tribune article describing a jury award of $1.5 million to the family of an 85 year old cancer patient. The family asserted that the patient’s doctor did not prescribe enough pain medication during the patient’s final days. The Berkeley, California judgement coupled with a similar North Carolina case with 10 times the award indicates that lawsuits for the undertreatment of pain have become vogue. It is interesting that physicians and acute care hospitals are now held accountable for the failure to properly manage pain as well as the consequences of overdose. The article suggests that legal experts believe lawsuits based on the undertreatment of pain will become more frequent. Anesthesiologists are often consulted in situations where pain control has not met expectations. We have developed programs for consultation and management of pain based on scientific, humanitarian and ethical principles. Frequently, the services rendered are undercompensated. HCFA and JCAHO mandates require acute care facilities to develop strategies and programs for pain control. While the rhetoric espousing the importance for enhanced pain management has reached critical levels, our specialty has been slow to respond to the political ramifications of mandates. While I fully acknowledge our value as consultants, I am struggling with the issue of new responsibilities mandated to anesthesiologists based solely on our interest and expertise. Is it my department’s responsibility to police the wards and stamp out undertreatment of pain? Is there indemnification for anesthesiologists who are called upon to consult and treat the most difficult (potentially dangerous) situations. Will we be mandated to oversee our hospitals’ global pain practices? Are we held responsible for oversight and or even privileging “licensed practitioners” who practice at our hospitals? The possibility for political gerrymandering of pain management is very likely to be a hot button item. I have concerns that anesthesiologists may have to ramp up their exposure in pain medicine in response to the JCAHO mandate. While I welcome the opportunity to provide comfort and safety to patients in need, I am concerned that the opportunity is fraught with significant risk. This issue was apparent when a plaintiff’s attorney asked me if my department was responsible for verifying the injuries; I became increasing aware of the danger of JCAHO dogma. In my opinion, our specialty needs to develop a clear strategy regarding the expectations imported by government or accrediting agencies. If we do not prepare for opportunities, we will most certainly be challenged by virtue of the need. Anesthesiologists are readily available and are well trained to consult and treat pain. We must establish our own boundaries and determine how we can represent our specialty’s unique skills in our institutions without becoming the “pain hospitalist” who are consulted, at large, for expedience. ◆ ISA 2001 Calendar of Meetings October 6, 2001 Board of Directors Meeting ISA Headquarters 20 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 700, Chicago, Illinois October 13 - 17, 2001 ASA Annual Meeting New Orleans, Louisiana November 17 - 18, 2001 Fall Meeting Wyndham Drake Hotel, Oak Brook, Illinois March 3, 2002 Board of Directors Meeting Westin O'Hare Hotel, Rosemont, Illinois April 19 - 21, 2002 Midwest Anesthesia Conference Fairmont Hotel, Chicago, Illinois Fall Meeting NOVEMBER 17-18, 2001 WYNDHAM DRAKE HOTEL, OAK BROOK, IL SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 17 What You Should Know About the Potential Hazards of Neutraceuticals in the Perioperative Milieu Jessie Leak, MD Preoperative Laboratory Testing Michael Roizon, MD Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution M. Ramez Salem, MD Acid-Base Problems: A Solution Recipe Sherif Afifi, MD JCAH Standards for Pain Management Kenneth Branton, MD Preemptive Analgesia Brian Ginsberg, MD Managing Stress: Physician Health and Well-Being Jessie Leak, MD Difficult Pediatric Airway Melissa Wheeler, MD SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 18 Real World Cases Bernard Wittels, MD James Columbo, MD Pierre Le Van, MD Peggy Wheeler, MD Current Concepts in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Cora Wahl, MD Legal and Ethical Pitfalls in Anesthesia Timothy Mc Donald, MD 3 ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 President’s Report continued from page 1 4 underlying disease state. The patient events that require treatment are rarely explained by the anesthetic alone. This is the practice of medicine, and the reason physicians have specialized in this branch of medicine since Simpson and Snow. We need to make this clear one person at a time, to our patients, our legislators, and the general public. Below are my remarks to the ISA House of Delegates last May. They express my continuing belief in the importance of Medicine in anesthesiology with a basic structure borrowed from President Lincoln, another Illinois figure who strove to maintain the strength of his society with the help of its individual members. Four score and fifteen years ago, our physician forefathers brought forth in this nation a new specialty, conceived in zeal for patient safety, and dedicated to the proposition that anesthesia is the practice of medicine. Now we are engaged in a great uncivil war, testing whether this specialty, or any specialty so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We meet yearly to testify to this central proposition. We dedicate a portion of that meeting as a tribute (the Ralph Waters and the Distinguished Service Awards) to those who here gave much of their lives that this specialty might live in support of that proposition. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this proposition. The dedicated physicians, living and dead, who struggled to establish this specialty, have consecrated it far beyond our poor power to add or detract. Our countrymen will little note, nor long remember, what I write in this column, but they can never forget what physician-directed anesthesia has done for their loved ones and the progress of medicine. It is for us, in active practice, to be dedicated to the unfinished work that our anesthesia forefathers have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored physicians we take increased devotion to that concept for which they gave so much of their time and personal identity, that we "Now we are engaged in a great uncivil war, testing whether this specialty, or any specialty so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure." here highly resolve that these honored colleagues shall not have striven in vain; that this component society shall have a new birth of commitment, and this specialty of medicine, by medicine, and for patient safety, shall not perish from the catalog of medical specialties. Or, to use a more modern idiom, our cheese has been moved! And most of us want to look at the empty spot and complain that practice is not what it was, that we are unappreciated by our surgical colleagues, our patients, and our society. Well, “Cherchez le fromage!”We must look for new cheese! For the foreseeable future, some of it will be in the keeping of our elected officials in Springfield and Washington, where the first steps of our search for new cheese must be directed. Scope of practice issues and licensing details are decided at the state level. Our representatives in Washington and Springfield have heard from professional lobbyists, orators, and spokespeople. They do not want to grant audiences to nonconstituents. They do want to hear from their voting constituents - and they haven’t been hearing from very many anesthesiologists. While a few of our colleagues have been very active and vocal, they are as sounding brass and tinkling cymbals without an extensive string section that only the full orchestra can provide.You are each a member of this orchestra. Every one of us must play if we are to make convincing music. The first step I want you to take is to meet with your state representative and senator. I want you to share a very important piece of you. I want you to tell them why you believed then, and believe now, that your medical degree (MD or DO) was worth using in anesthesiology. Our representatives have been told that a nursing degree is sufficient - nursing lobbyists, spokespeople, and many constituent anesthesia nurses have told them this. Our representatives need to hear the real complex story - that anesthesia is the practice of medicine - and they need to hear it from more than the handful of anesthesiologists they have been listening to for ten years.! They already know their opinions! They need to hear from anesthesiologists who are their constituents. They need to know that our membership is behind what our spokespeople have been saying. The more precise you can be, the more anecdotes you can provide that illustrate the medical judgment that you have used in the care of your patients, the better. There is nothing you can do that is more important than establishing this simple personal relationship with your state governmental representatives. Some of you will enjoy the process enough to want to do more, and indeed there is much to be done: but a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Other important steps are financial support of your representative’s candidacy, supporting political action committees (ASAPAC and IMAPAC) and repeated contact regarding impending legislation. There is still more that can be done: but the most important step is the first step. Then the next step is possible. This process will be as important to you as the continuing education you undertake to maintain your license, and it will continue ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 throughout your career. We anticipate introduction of a bill within two years to allow independent practice of anesthesia nurses. We will need everyone’s help to convince our state legislators of the critical input of medical judgment for the safety of all levels of patients receiving anesthesia services. Our legislators will, whether we like it or not, be the judges of how completely anesthesia is the practice of medicine. St. Luke recorded Jesus’ warning concerning a man on his way to go before the judge to determine a disputed matter. He is advised to settle the matter with his adversary on the way, because the judgment is uncertain, and he may be handed over to the bailiff and thrown into prison. The warning is especially pertinent in Cook County. However, on the question of whether anesthesia is the practice of medicine, there can be no compromise for us. We will go before the judges. We could lose. That’s why I need your help! ◆ Anesthesiologist Named Fishbein Fellow at JAMA From an interview with Janet M. Torpy, MD ach year, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) selects one physician as the Morris Fishbein Fellow in Medical Editing. This July, Janet M. Torpy, MD become the current Fellow. Dr. Torpy is the first anesthesiologist to assume the Fellowship in its twenty-four year history. Named for Morris Fishbein, MD, a long-term editor at JAMA (19241949), the Fellowship immerses the recipient in the milieu of JAMA, with its United States circulation of 400,000 (forty-eight issues per year). E Dr. Torpy edits the Abstracts section and also is responsible for the Contempo Updates section. “The work stimulates thinking, allows me to stretch my intellectual capacity and use problem-solving skills,” Dr. Torpy explained.“I’m exposed to the literature of many specialties as part of my position, as well as cutting edge scientific work that is presented to JAMA.” Dr. Torpy works with the editorial staff of JAMA and will spend time with the copyediting and journalism departments. “I am amazed at the complexity of the production process. We work far ahead of publication dates, due to the peer review process each article must undergo.” Dr. Torpy has been an ISA member since 1998 when she joined Rockford Anesthesiologists Associated of Rockford, Illinois. Dr. Torpy serves as Co-Chair of the ISA Committee on Communications. ◆ 5 ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 2001 MAC continued from page 1 6 also served to recognize the many members of the Society who have contributed so much over the past year. The political activities were also productive and further served to encourage professional communication among Society members and to continue our mission of advancing and furthering patient safety in the practice of anesthesiology in Illinois through education, representation, and advocacy of the Illinois anesthesiologists. We would also like to recognize many exhibitors and donors. Without them, this meeting could never have attained the sta- MAC Moderator Reviews KEY MESSAGES FROM THE FRIDAY SESSIONS Moderator: Usha Rani Nimmagadda, MD Safety and Economic Issues in Current Practice with Muscle Relaxants John Savarese, MD, New YorkPresbyterian Hospital, Cornell Campus, presented two lectures. The first lecture was on safety of relaxants and economic issues in current practice.At the outset he suggested to practice anesthesia in modern thinking. He said that it makes clinical, economic and medicolegal sense to use short and intermediate acting muscle relaxants even during long procedures when extubation is to be carried out at the end. This he explained due to the decreased “period of risk,” the interval between the point where fade is no longer perceptible by palpation or TOF stimulation and where ventilation, head lift, jaw clench and swallowing are clinically nor- tus it did. Deserving special recognition are Pharmacia, Astra Zeneca, and Abbott for their record-setting support and to Baxter for its consistent support and its special attention to residents in the funding of the Anesthesia Jeopardy Tournament. ◆ MAC Exhibit Hall buzzed with attendees. Pharmacia (left) was the host of the Friday evening reception. mal, with shorter and intermediate relaxants compared with longer acting drugs. Clinical and Basic Pharmacology of GW280430A, Rapacuronium, and Mivacuriun The second lecture was about clinical and basic pharmacology of GW280430A, Rapacuronium and Mivacurium. Dr. Savarese discussed the many advantages of the new ultra-short acting non- depolarizing relaxant, GW280430A which is still in experimental stages. It has the advantages of succinylcholine without the many side effects of that drug. Its duration is only five to eight minutes due to a chemical degradation process. Dr. Savarese then discussed the reasons for the voluntary discontinuation of Rapacuronium by the manufacturer. Lastly he described the advantages such as short onset and duration without accumulation on infusion, and disadvantages such as histamine release on rapid administration of Mivacurium. Is There a Blood Substitute in My Future? Michael F. O’Connor, MD, University of Chicago, gave a lecture on blood substitutes. He described the qualities of an ideal blood substitute and their potential applications in medicine. He discussed the advantages and disadvantages of two major classes of oxygen carriers and then reviewed various products that are under development. Some of the oxygen carriers are in phase III trials and the manufacturers are claiming they will be applying for FDA approval within one year. Once approved, in addition to other uses, blood substitutes can be most effectively used during hemodilution for elective surgery which may allow the entire blood volume to be banked. Moderator: Suanne M. Daves, MD COX-2 Analgesics: Basic Considerations and Clinical Potential Evan Kharasch, MD, University of Washington, began his lecture on the COX2 analgesics by reviewing the prostaglandin synthesis pathway and the structure and function of the two forms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2. Stating that results of animal studies have shown that COX-1 inhibition is not analgesic and that its inhibition leads to the side effects of GI ulceration and platelet dysfunction, he made the point that COX-2 inhibition is ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 Reference Committee Members: (L to R, first row) Aisling Conran, MD and Maria La Porta, MD; (second row) Mark Krause, MD, Chair Robert Doty Jr., MD and Kornel Balon, Jr., MD. 7 Attendees enjoy the luncheon served between sessions. the therapeutic target to relieve pain and inflammation. There is great potential for use of these selective agents in the perioperative period and several clinical studies were cited. They may be able to provide an additional tool for postoperative pain management with the advantage over the nonselective NSAIDS due to their lower side effect profile Two COX-2 analgesics are currently available, celecoxib and rofecoxib, and the first parenteral COX-2 inhibitor, parecoxib, has been submitted to the FDA for regulatory approval. Concern about the potential for renal impairment in hypovolemic patients was discussed both in Dr. Kharasch’s lecture and during the question and answer session. Renal effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition seem to be somewhat nonselective and mediated both the inhibition of COX1 and COX-2. COX-2 inhibition does appear to have much less effect on renal function. Questions regarding the cost of paracoxib and the impact this would have on the acquisition of the drug in our practice were addressed by Dr. Kharasch. Studies investigating the added value of fewer side effects with these agents are beginning to take shape and would impact the economics of bringing these agents onto our formularies. Should We Be Using New Carbon Dioxide Absorbents? Dr. Kharasch began this lecture by discussing the issues that have been raised regarding carbon dioxide absorbents and their role in anesthetic degradation. These issues include 1) the degradation of sevoflurane to the haloalkene “compound A” 2) the degradation of desflurane, enflurane, and isoflurane to carbon monoxide 3) the degradation of all inhaled anesthetics and the subsequent reductio of inspired concentrations of these agents and the attendant clinical and economic consequences. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that absorbents with diminished strong base concentrations cause less anesthetic degradation, less compound A, and less carbon monoxide formation. Two such carbon dioxide absorbents may soon be available. One audience member asked how we can best avoid this anesthetic degradation until newer absorbents become available. Suggestions by Dr. Kharasch included methods to avoid desiccating (drying out) the absorbent on our anesthetic machines, which seems to compound the problem of anesthetic degradation; for instance, turning off oxygen flow through the machine when it is not in use and per- haps routinely changing the absorbent on Monday mornings. Some anesthesia machines have the fresh gas flow placed after the CO2 absorbers and this is probably of some benefit in avoiding rapid desiccation of the CO2 absorbent. Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia Laverne Gugino, PhD, MD, Harvard Medical School, gave a lecture that focused on the approach for developing a quantitative EEG multivariate-based algorithm for assessing anesthetic induced changes in levels of arousal and hypnosis. He outlined the methods involved in developing the Patient State Index (PSI). The utility of this monitor may best be seen in its potential to lead to faster arousals from anesthesia as well as decreased use of hypnotic agents compared to standard practice. Audience question pertained to the differences between the Bispectral Index and the Patient State Index. Dr. Gugino state that he did not have access to the algorithm employed in the development of the BIS and therefore, could not comment on differences in the development of these two monitors. ◆ ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 Report of ASA District 14 Director ASA to Change Leadership Positions T 8 he ASA Board of Directors met in Chicago August 18-19, 2001. During the weekend updates from the officers and Mr. Scott from the Washington Office, reports were heard regarding the CMS (formerly known as HCFA) proposed rules for participation which are now on hold pending a new proposed rule Susan L. Polk, MD ◆ calling for anesthesia nurse supervision unless a State governor opts out of the rule. The comment period is due to expire on September 4 and the new rule finalized. ASA emphasis, during the latter part of the summer, was focused on letters to CMS in support of the new proposed rule, efforts to convince the American Hospital Association to reverse their opposition to anesthesia nurse supervision, and inception of state efforts to convince governors that opting out of the rule would result in a threat to patient safety.ASA continues to ask Congress and HCFA to require a study of the impact on safety where supervision rules were discarded.ASA is using 11 lobbying firms, an advertising agency and a media consulting firm, and has spent $2.5 million so far this year.What a tremendous amount of resources! Nonetheless, the battle continues and cannot be abandoned. ASA members were soundly congratulated on their successes to date, but continue to be asked for letters, PAC contributions, and continued vigilance in home states.As a state society, Illinois has a poor record of contributions to ASAPAC this year. This is not the time to slack off. Please seriously consider what you can contribute to YOUR future and help ASA in its mission to ensure patient safety in the future. On the Baltimore front, the five year study of the work value part of the fee schedule continues, with ASA proving we are undervalued and CMS agreeing but not raising it yet. Stay tuned. The most controversial piece of business before the Board this time was the report of the Task Force on Structure and Governance outlining several suggested changes to ASA leadership positions. The report will constitute the business of a fifth Reference Committee of the House of Delegates in October. Members interested in how the ASA works are urged to review the proposals of the task force and the actions of the Board, and provide their views by testimony at Reference Committee 5. A full copy of the Board Reports can be requested by email spolk@airway.uchicago.edu.What follows is a summary of the reports, recommendations and action taken on them by the Board. Nothing is final until passed in the House, therefore your input is important. The Administrative Council consists of all the officers. The current Scientific Council will be renamed the Division of Scientific Affairs, will be headed by the Vice President for Scientific Affairs, and will consist of the Sections on Journals,Annual Meeting, Clinical Care and Education and Research.An additional Section on Subspecialty Societies will be created and will also be contained within this division. The position of first Vice-President will be renamed the Vice President for Administrative Affairs. This person will head the Division of Administrative Affairs, which will consist of the Sections on Administration and Representation. The Administrative Council was instructed by the Board to clarify the ascension to first Vice President, as it was not made clear in the recommendations. A new office,Vice President for Professional Affairs, will be created. That officer will preside over a new Division of Professional Affairs, which will consist of the Sections on Professional Standards and Professional Practice. The Section on Fiscal Affairs will be eliminated and the Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer will attend all section meetings. Each of the nine sections will have a section Chair, as the current sections on Education and Research and Clinical Affairs do now. The Editor-in-Chief will chair the Section on Journals. Only the Section on the Annual Meeting will have a Vice-Chair. The President will appoint the section chairs annually except for the journal editor. Some committees will be shifted around to report to different sections. The Board agreed with the Task Force that the Committee on Standards of Care should be eliminated because the practice parameters committee currently performs its tasks. The Board noted that the member information needs currently provided by that committee should to be assigned to another committee. A new Committee on Professional Education Oversight will replace the current committee on continuing education strategic planning. Subspecialty society representation in the House will continue as presently, but their presence in ASA will become more institutionalized by specifying the President and President Elect of each represented subspecialty society will constitute the membership of the committee on anesthesia subspecialties.A meeting will take place during every March ASA Board meeting with the President and President Elect of ASA and representatives of each seated subspecialty society. The ASA President-Elect will solicit committee appointment recommendations from each society. AAPD, SAAC and AUA presidents will be formally invited to each ASA Board meeting. They will meet formally with the ASA President and President-Elect at each August Board meeting. They will be solicited for committee appointments as well. ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 The committee appointment process will be formalized. Section chairs and committee chairs will be asked for input. The Board recommended further study of the size and composition of the Board of Directors. This includes whether to eliminate some officer positions and to have a director from each state. The Speaker and vice Speaker of the House of Delegates will preside over Board meetings and not have votes. Each member of the Governing Council of the Resident Component will have a voting seat in the House of Delegates, not to exceed five. In other business, the Board: • Referred a resolution that ASA develop a generic web site for component societies to the Committee on Electronic Media and Information Technology. • Approved an educational membership category for Anesthesiology Assistants who are members of AAAA. This includes the Journal, admittance to the annual and other meetings and all other benefits of ASA membership. The cost will be the same as what ASA charges other affiliate members. • Approved $15,000 to develop a web based demographic database survey instrument that will eventually replace the mailed one, which has a 45% response rate. • Heard the report of the Committee on Communications which listed recent activities including new patient education brochures on sedation and office based anesthesia, booths at surgeons meetings, media activities and spokesperson training workshops (Illinois had the biggest one last year in conjunction with the Midwest Anesthesia Conference). The Board approved their recommendations for a celebration of the 100th anniversary of ASA in 2005 and for a $1000 Media Award to be presented at the Annual Meeting in the category of web-based articles. • Ended a two year old proposal for electronic voting and credentialing at the House of Delegates by approving a recommendation that no changes be made in the current system. • Approved funding for further enhancement of the ASA web site. • Approved the recommendation of the committee on Residents and Medical Students that a button be put on the home page of the ASA web site for information pertaining to them. • Approved the recommendation of the Committee on Electronic Media and Information Technology that ASA join a consortium of physician societies formed to collaborate on web technologies. continued on page 10 9 ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 ASA District 14 continued from page 9 10 • Approved the concept of and outline for a web-based educational module for surgeons (and other physicians) to acquire education and CME credits needed to supervise anesthesia nurses in administering anesthesia services for office based surgery.While this was a controversial subject, the ASA officers convinced the Board that the American College of Surgeons and others have asked for assistance with educating its members. It comes down again to a patient safety issue. • Approved the recommendation from the Committee on Practice Parameters that Practice Advisories undergo the same approval mechanism in the House, as do Practice Parameters. That is, they are voted in or out and are not amended in the House. • Approved the request of the Committee on Transfusion Medicine that $20,000 be allocated for a survey on current transfusion practices. • Referred a resolution regarding peer review of expert witness testimony to a committee or task force of the President’s choice to address issues of mechanisms of peer review, should officers and committee members testify and allow their positions in ASA to be exploited by lawyers, are our current guidelines adequate, and can we make ASA membership contingent on adherence to ASA standards, guidelines and statements? The neurosurgeons just threw out a member because of his testimony; can we do that? • Referred a recommendation that ASA form a task force to investigate the need for lengthening resident training to provide further expertise in preoperative evaluation and postoperative care. • Disapproved a recommendation that ASA go on record as opposing capital punishment and substituted one that expresses ASA support for the AMA position opposing physician involvement in executions. • Approved the report of the Task Force on Graduate Medical Education recommending a study of forgiving $25,000 per year of education loans for a resident entering academic practice for a maximum of 4 years if that resident spent 2 years in a research fellowship. Re-referred the issue of academic departments providing summer externships in anesthesiology for medical students. • Strongly commended the President, Neil Swissman, MD, for all that he has done this year. • Disapproved the recommendation of the Committee on the Anesthesia Care Team saying the involvement of an anesthesiologist in the care of every patient undergoing anesthesia is “optimally desirable” instead of “essential” in the Statement on the Anesthesia Care Team. The word “essential” remains. Approved the recommendation of the Committee on Ethics regarding care for patients with DNR orders. This included plans for post- operative care that would clarify that our interventions would be anesthesia related. The Committee declined to provide a recommendation on expert witness testimony by ASA officers. The Board also approved the Committee’s recommendation that we sign on to the revisions in the AMA’s revised “Principles of Medical Ethics.” • Approved the recommendations of the Ad Hoc Committee on Rural Access to Anesthesia Care, including that ASA provide a forum where rural anesthesiologists can meet annually to discuss their practices and that ASA create a standing committee to continue to discuss this problem. (The Terrance Study performed in 2000 showed that only 2.5% of anesthethics are performed in small rural hospitals and only half those (1.25%) without an anesthesiologist directing • Accepted kudos from the AMA for our scope of practice initiatives, participation in AMA activities, and support of AMA as a whole.We continue to have one of the largest delegations to AMA. • Accepted the report from the Committee on Practice Management detailing the incredible success of their Certificate in Business Administration Program in its first year, and approving a recommendation that non-ASA members pay a fee for the course that reflects the increment of ASA dues. This program made at least $100,000 for ASA in its first year and is projected to do even better next year. • Approved that the First Vice President be awarded a salary of $50,000 per year for services provided to ASA. There may not be a first Vice President after the restructuring, but this would start next year. • Amended and approved the recommendation of the Section on Fiscal Affairs that at least 150% of annual operating funds be placed in a restricted reserves account that could only be accessed by approval of the Board in extraordinary circumstances, and the rest of the investment funds be in an unrestricted reserve fund that could be spent by emergency approval of the Board during short term budget deficits. • Approved revisions to the 2001 budget resulting in a shortfall of $2,103,000, and to the 2002 budget resulting in income of $19,541,500 and expenditure of $19,241,100. This is the last Board meeting I attended as your representative. Dr. Osborn will be your District Director after the House of Delegates meeting in October, and Dr. Kenneth Tuman will serve as your Alternate Director. It has been a privilege and an honor to represent Illinois at the ASA. Illinois is well respected, consulted often and blessed by the whole society.You have provided me with the highlight of my career and I thank you. ◆ ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 A HIPAA is Coming to Your Hospital Hugh C. Gilbert, MD C ongress, recognizing the need for national patient record privacy standards, enacted in 1996 the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The Act establishes new privacy and security requirements for payors, institutions, and health care professionals and providers, from the largest health networks to solo practice professionals. In addition, provisions have been included that encourage electronic transactions, designed to save the health care industry money. HIPAA applies to only those who engage in “standardized electronic transactions,” as defined by the federal government. If you submit claims or perform eligibility checks electronically, either directly or though a third party, e.g., a billing service, then you are subject to the HIPAA privacy and security requirements. For planning purposes you should assume that HIPAA requirements apply to electronic and paper records. Everyone involved in the health care delivery system should start now to prepare for HIPAA. Preparing for HIPAA will vary for anesthesiologists, dependent on your practice type. More than likely, anesthesiologists who are employed by their hospitals will experience the effects of HIPAA as the hospital implements new privacy procedures. For example, those changes may include: designated areas for conversations between staff members, passwords to access computers, and a secured location for paper medical records. Anesthesiologists who are members of group practices will be affected by the new procedures the hospital implements and are responsible for developing procedures to ensure patient confidentiality when transferring medical records within their office and by off-site contractors such as billing and accounting services. One must have a formal disaster plan in place to protect patient information, ensure that paper and electronic records are stored with appropriate safeguards, and secure Internet communications of medical records by encryption. HIPAA does have good points: • Patients will be able to see and get copies of the records and request amendments to their health history. • A history of any non-routine disclosures must be made accessible to patients. • Health care providers who see patients will be required to obtain patient consent before sharing their information for treatment, payment, and health care operations. • Patient authorization must be obtained for non-routine disclosures and for most non-health care purposes. • Patients will have the right to request restrictions on the uses and disclosures of their information. • The final rule establishes the privacy safeguard standard that covered entities must meet, but it gives covered entities the flexibility to design their own policies and procedures to meet those standards. However, HIPAA has a troublesome side: • People will have the right to file a formal complaint with a covered provider, health plan, or HHS for violating provisions of this rule or the policies and procedures of the covered entity. • Covered entities will have to adopt written privacy procedures, ensure their business associates protect the privacy of health information, train employees on new privacy procedures, and appoint an individual responsible for ensuring new procedures are followed. • Congress provides penalties for covered entities that misuse personal health information. • Health plans, providers and clearinghouses that violate these privacy standards will be subject to civil liability. Civil money penalties are $100 per violation and up to $25,00 per person per year for each requirement or prohibition violated. • Federal criminal penalties for knowingly violating patient privacy are up to $50,000 and one year in prison for obtaining or disclosing protected health information, and up to $100,000 and up to five years in prison for obtaining protected health information under “false pretenses,” and $250,000 and up to ten years in prison for disclosing protected health information with the intent to sell, transfer, use it for commercial advantage, personal gain, or malicious harm. • Implementation of the HIPAA rules is estimated to cost $17.6 billion over ten years. HHS believes that the cost of implementation will be more than offset by the $29.9 billion in projected savings based on the savings expected by electronic transactions regulation issued in August 2000. continued on page 12 11 ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 HIPAA is Coming continued from page 11 12 As required by the HIPAA law itself, stronger state laws, like those covering mental health, HIV infection, and AIDS information will continue to apply. These confidentiality protections are cumulative. The final rule will set a national “floor” of privacy standards that protect all Americans, but in some states individuals may enjoy additional protection. In circumstances where states have decided through law to require certain disclosures of health information, the final rule does not necessarily preempt these mandates. The final rule will be enforced by the HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR). Before covered entities must comply with the rule, OCR will provide assistance to providers, plans and health clearinghouses in meeting the requirements of the regulation. It is important that anesthesiologists take an active role in developing any hospital procedure. By assuming a leadership position you take control over your professional lives. The time is now to remind all other health care providers that your mother did not name you “anesthesia.” ◆ Resources: Web site on the new regulation is available at http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa/. Secretary Thompson’s statement on HIPAA is available at http://www.hhs.gov/ newpress/2001pres/20010412.html. To obtain a copy of the Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information visit http://aspe.hhs.gov/admn simp/final/pvcguide1/htm. ISA and ASA will provide updates as the HIPAA rules are interrupted. Illinois State Medical Society has audit tools and publications available to determine the changes you need to make to meet the HIPAA privacy requirements. 2001 End of Session Report T he following is a summary of legislative action on bills that ISA tracked during this past legislative session. If you have questions regarding this report, please call Amy Young at the ISA office (312) 580-2487 or young@isms.org. HB0241: INS BIRTH CONTROL COVERAGE - NO POSITION The Bill provides that if a policy provides coverage for prescription drugs approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of impotency, then the policy must provide coverage for prescription drugs for the prevention of pregnancy. It also amends the Hospital Licensing Act by providing that no hospital may promulgate policies or implement practices that determine differing standards of obstetrical care based on a patient’s source of payment or ability to pay for medical services; requires each hospital to develop a written policy reflecting this and to post written notices of this policy in the obstetrical admitting areas of the hospital by July 1, 2001. Amends the Illinois Public Aid Code by providing that the Department of Public Aid shall provide reimbursement to medical providers of epidural anesthesia services when ordered by the attending practitioner at the time of delivery. Since introduced, the proposed legislation has been amended to delete reference the Department of Public Aid and remove provisions requiring coverage of prescription contraceptives. Last action of the Bill: referred it to the Senate Rules Committee on April 25, 2001. SB0447: DENTAL PRACTICE TEMPORARY LICENSE - NO POSITION Amends the Illinois Dental Practice Act. Adds the definition of “nurse.” Adds oral and maxillofacial radiology to the definition of “branches of dentistry”. Changes the restricted faculty license requirements to require that persons receiving the license be employed to teach full time at a dentistry school or hospital in this State. Provides that a holder of a restricted faculty license may practice dentistry in his or her area of specialty only in a clinic or office affiliated with the dental school. Provides that a restricted faculty license is valid for 2 (instead of 5) years and may be renewed or extended. Provides that a nurse may be employed by a dentist and may perform those duties permitted by his or her license. The Bill was amended to change the phrase parenteral conscious sedation to conscious sedation and redefines “nurse.” Last action on the Bill: sent to the Governor for signature on June 21, 2001. HB0245: MEDICAID-PAY FOR EPIDURALS - SUPPORT Amends the Hospital Licensing Act. Provides that no hospital may promulgate policies or implement practices that determine differing standards of obstetrical care based upon a patient’s source of payment or ability to pay for medical services and requires each hospital to provide a copy of its written policy reflecting this to the Department of Public Health and to post written notices of this policy in the obstetrical admitting areas of the hospital by July 1, 2001. Amends the Medical Practice Act of 1987. Provides that the Department of Professional Regulation may discipline a person licensed under the Act for denying or threatening to withhold pain management services from a woman in active labor, based upon that patient’s source of payment or ability to pay for medical services. Amends the Illinois Public Aid Code. Provides that the Department of ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 Public Aid shall provide reimbursement to medical providers for epidural anesthesia services in accordance with the guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. FISCAL NOTE (Department of Public Health) HB 245 creates no fiscal impact on the Department of Public Health, but would have an impact upon the Department of Public Aid. Last action on the Bill: re-referred to the House Rules Committee on March 16, 2001 HB3533: HEALTH CARE WORKER PROTECTION ACT OPPOSE IN CURRENT FORM Creates the Health Care Worker Needle Stick Injury Protection Act. Provides that no later than 6 months after the effective date of this Act, the Department of Public Health must adopt a bloodborne pathogen standard governing occupational exposure of public employees to infectious materials. Provides that these standards must meet or exceed the federal standards. Provides that the standards must include (i) a requirement that needleless systems be implemented in facilities employing public employees and (ii) a requirement to log certain exposure incidents. Provides that the Department of Public Health must create a list of needleless systems. Amends the State Finance Act to create the Health Care Worker Injury Protection Fund, moneys in which shall be used for research into needleless systems. Last action on the Bill: re-referred to the House Rules Committee on April 6, 2001. HB0048: SURGICAL ASSISTANTS LICENSING OPPOSE Creates the Surgical Assistant Practice Act. Regulates surgical assistants through licensing requirements. Amends the Regulatory Sunset Act to repeal the new Act on January 1, 2012. Amends the Perfusionist Practice Act. Retitles the Board of Perfusion as the Board of Perfusion and Surgical Assisting. Adds a member to the Board who is actively licensed as a surgical assistant. FISCAL NOTE (Department of Professional Regulation) Revenue over 4 years is expected to be $321,500 and expenses over 4 year would be $231,895, for a net deficit of $89,605. Since introduced an amendment was adopted that requires coverage for service rendered by surgical assistants. Last action on the Bill: assigned to the Senate Committee on Insurance & Pensions on May 31, 2001. HB0205: NURSING ACT LICENSING - NO POSITION As amended, provides that an applicant who has never been licensed previously in any jurisdiction that utilizes a Department - approved examination and who has taken and failed to pass the examination within 3 years of filing the application must submit proof of successful completion of a Department-authorized nursing education program or recompletion of an approved registered nursing program or licensed practical nursing program prior to reapplication. Deletes the provision that no applicant shall be issued a license as a registered nurse or practical nurse unless he or she has passed the examination authorized by the Department within 3 years of completion and graduation from an approved nursing education program, unless the applicant submits proof of successful completion of a Department-authorized remedial nursing education program or re-completion of an approved registered nursing program or licensed practical nursing program. Last action on the Bill: amendment adopted by the House on June 29, 2001. HB0247: INS COVER CAESARIAN SECTION - NO OPPOSITION Amends the Illinois Insurance Code. Provides that the decision to deliver by Cesarean section shall be made only by the patient and her attending physician. Last action on Bill: re-referred to the House Rules Committee on March 16, 2001. HB2115/SB1340: INS PROVIDER CONTRACTS SUPPORT ISMS BILL Creates the Fairness in Health Care Services Contracting Law. Provides that the Department of Insurance shall regulate contracts between health care professionals and providers and insurance companies that maintain panels or networks of providers. Prohibits unfair or misleading contracts. Sets forth prohibited contract terms and required contract terms. Authorizes recovery of attorney’s fees when a company’s actions or delays in settling claims are vexatious and unreasonable. Last action on the Bill: Senate Rules Committee on July 1, 2001. HB2400: NURSING ACTLICENSURE COMPACT - NO POSITION Amends the Nursing and Advanced Practice Nursing Act. Provides that the definitions of “practical nurse”,“licensed practical nurse”,“registered nurse”, and “licensed registered nurse” include persons holding the privilege to practice under this Act. Defines “privilege to practice”,“license” or “licensed”, and “licensee”. Provides for reciprocity for persons granted the privilege to practice in a party state to the Nurse Licensure Compact. Creates the Nurse Licensure Compact. Effective January 1, 2002. Last action on the Bill: re-referred to Rules Committee on May 12, 2001. HB0030: WORKERS’ COMPENSATION - NO COLLECT-EMPLOYEE - OPPOSE Amends the Workers’ Compensation Act. Provides that a provider of medical services or related services or items to an injured employee agrees to be bound by charges or payment levels allowed by the Industrial Commission. Provides that discontinued on page 14 13 ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 End of Session Report continued from page 13 putes regarding reasonableness of fees or charges shall be resolved in accordance with the Act or the Workers’ Occupational Diseases Act. Prohibits a provider, employer, or insurance carrier from seeking payment for services or items from an employee. Last action on the Bill: re-referred to the Senate Rules Committee on May 31, 2001. 14 HB2192: WORKERS’ COMPENSATION—HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS - OPPOSE IN CURRENT FORM Amends the Workers’ Compensation Act and the Workers’ Occupational Diseases Act. Makes various changes and additions regarding: determination of charges for health care services provided to injured workers; processing of payments to health care providers; resolution of disputes concerning charges for health care services; submission of reports by the Industrial Commission concerning health care services; attorney’s fees; reimbursement for expenses; non-disputed health care payments; disputed health care payments; reports; and other matters. Last action on the Bill: re-referred to the House Rules Committee on May 18, 2001. HB 246: MEDICAL PRACTICE— PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OPPOSE Amends the Medical Practice Act of 1987 to provide for the public release of individual profiles on persons licensed under the Act, including information relating to criminal charges, administrative disciplinary actions, hospital privilege revocations, and medical malpractice awards. Provides that a physician may elect to include certain information in his or her profile. Provides that certain information collected for physician profiles is not confidential. Provides that, when collecting information or compiling reports intended to compare physicians, the Disciplinary Board shall require that only the most basic identifying information from mandatory reports may be used, and details about a patient or personal details about a physician that are not already a matter of public record through another source must not be released. FISCAL NOTE (Department of Professional Regulation) The total initial cost is estimated at $1,448,500 and annual maintenance cost will be $375,800, as follows: Pre-Profiling $485,000 Phase IInitial Set-up $275,000 Phase IICommunication, Data Collection, Entry, and Verification $613,510 Phase III-Toll Free Call Center $ 75,000 Annual Maintenance $375,800 STATE MANDATES NOTE (Dept. of Commerce and Community Affairs) In the opinion of DCCA, HB 246 does not create a State mandate under the State Mandates Act. JUDICIAL NOTE (Office of the Illinois Courts) HB 246 would neither decrease nor increase the number of judges needed in the State. Last action on the Bill: re-referred to the House Rules Committee on April 6, 2001. HB 2158: MEDICAL MALPRACTICE INSURANCEOPPOSE Amends the Medical Practice Act of 1987. Provides that a physician must maintain a minimum of $1,000,000 in liability coverage. Amends the Illinois Insurance Code. Provides that insurers in the business of providing Class 2(c) insurance must establish a premium scale for coverage classification. Last action on Bill: re-referred to the House Rules Committee on March 16, 2001. HB 3051: PHYSICIAN PROFILING - OPPOSE Amends the Medical Practice Act of 1987 to provide for the public release of individual profiles on licensed physicians on the Department of Professional Regulation’s website. Provides that information for the profiles shall be provided by insurers who provide medical malpractice insurance to licensed physicians. Requires the Department to post a disclaimer on its website. Limits the liability for the insurer, the Department, and any employee or agent of the insurer or Department. FISCAL NOTE (Dept. of Professional Regulation) The end product with a total initial cost estimate of $818,000 and annual collection and maintenance cost of $150,000 will make physician profiles based on insurer claims available to the public over the Internet. Last action on the Bill: re-referred to the House Rules Committee on March 16, 2001. HB 3086: HEALTH CARE JOINT DISCUSSIONS ACT - SUPPORT Creates the Health Care Services Contract Joint Discussions Act. Authorizes competing health care providers within a geographical area served by a health care plan to enter joint discussions with the health care plan concerning various practices and procedures, clinical criteria, drug formularies, reimbursement methodologies, and inclusion and alteration of terms and conditions. Authorizes competing health care providers to jointly discuss certain terms and conditions under certain circumstances. Amends the Illinois Antitrust Act to provide that the Act shall not be construed to make illegal the activities of a person pursuant to and in compliance with the Health Care Services Contract Joint Discussions Act. Last action on the Bill: re-referred to the House Rules Committee on March 16, 2001. ◆ ISATODAY S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 20 01 IMAPAC Contributors September 1, 2000 to July 17, 2001 Jose Abreu Howard Albert Noel Alcantara Daniel Alyea Jeffrey Apfelbaum Bryan Apple George Arends Shanthi Aribindi Yuri Aronov Solomon Aronson Rebecca Aureus Obinna Asonye Shyamala Badrinath N. Kurt Baker-Watson Kornel Balon Emmanuel Bansa Marisa Baorto David Barinholtz Rise Barkhoff Matthew Barton Verna Baughman John Becker Andrew Belavic Richard Berkowitz Howard Berlin Harold Berner Eric Bessonny Jerome Bettag Angelina Bhandari Wendy Binstock Patrick Birmingham Mary Kay Bissing Steven Blum Gregory Bogdonoff Roger Bohn Felipe Bondoc Derek Booton Ann Brennan Eva Buch-Kiljanska James Bucher Wynndel Buenger Chester Buziak Clair Callan Marino Camaioni Kenneth Candido Gonzalo Castillo Bruce Chandler Kevin Chen Sampath Chennamaneni Obayya Chennareddy Julian Chestnut Christina Chomka Johanna Chookaszian Tae Chung David Ciochetty Dennis Coalson Maureen Coleman Gregory Collins James Colombo Richard Cook Eleonora Cordella-Miele Charles Cote Stephen Cotton Steven Croy Thomas Cutter Zerin Dadabhoy Vi Dang Andre De Wolf David Desertspring Robert Doty Sandra Drewes Howard Duncan Norbert Duttlinger David Eberhardt Theodore Ellis Lowell Enser John Erickson David Evelti Shane Fancher Samy Farag James Feldman Alexander Feller Rosalino Figueras Samuel Figueroa George Fikaris Randall Firfer Michael Fox Frederick Gahl Maribel Galiano-Goll Craig Cardner John Garino Dalia Garunas John Gashkoff Alphonsa George Ramisis Ghaly Anuradha Ghogale Anthony Giamberdino John Girardot Silas Glisson Glenn Godsher Ira Goodman Daniel Gorski Andre Granzotti Linda Gregg Robert Griesemer Steven Gunderson Helena Gunnerson Vijay Gupta Glen Gutzke Virgilio Guzman Susan Hann Mark Hanna Pankaja Hanumadass Pankaj Haridas Jonathan Hausman Ronald Hayes Carol Heidmann Priscilla Hensel Charles Hewell Carla Hightower Richard Hirschmann Joseph Holtz Stephen Houde Michael Hruskocy Ching-Chong Huang James Hunter Robert Husfield Kwang-Ko Hwang Jae Wang Hyun Juan Ibarra Lorna Im Bruce Irwin Jon Jacoby Jeffrey Jagmin Neeraj Jain John Jaworowicz Harold Jesser Jihad Jiha Steven Jiotis Bradley Johnson John Johnson Chance Juenger Asuncion Jurado Jeejy Kalathiveetil John Kallich Ramesh Kancherla Sung Soo Kang Cheng Kao Ajita Kasbekar George Katele Mohan Kavuri John Keith Hazami Khater Humaira Khatoon Jeffrey Kidd Charles Kim Jae Kim Kyu-Chul Kim Robert Kim Woo Chan Kim Maria Kimovec-Grutsch Jonathan Kind Delbert Klump Stanley Knight Todd Knox Gary Koehn Heidi Koenig Nagabhusha Koneru Howard Konowitz Erik Kooba John Kowalski Kathryn Kozak Jonathan Krohn Karen Kruger Timothy Kurt Maria La Porta David Lang Oswaldo Lastres Michael Less Ji Li Dixie Lim Rebecca Lim Henry Liu Douglas Loughead Rashida Loya Pang-Hsung Lu Timothy Lubenow Jordan Lurie E. Eileen MacDonald Samuel Macagba Ramakrishna Madala Mario Magleo Rogelio Mahor Neelam Malhotra Cezar Mallari Balaji Malur Satya Manam Bosebabu Mandava John Mansell James Markey Sammy Marogil James Maronic Steven Marquardt Peter Martin Stephen Martin Maen Martini Dionisio Marucut Lawrence Mason James Mathers William McDade James McGrath John Paul McGee Daniel McQuillan Laura Megher Mary Mennella Joseph Meyer Paul Mesnick Ronald Meyer Joanne Michaelson Robert Michaelson Kevin Miller Paul Miller W. Stephen Minore Daniel Mitchell Robert Molloy Robert Molanr Ruth Moncayo Dean Monma Lilly Moon John Moore Mark Morris John Mulvehill Vemuri Murthy Philip Myers Tun Myint Robert Natonson Janet Newman Edith Newsome Wendy Nunlee Usharani Nimmagadda Michael O’Connor Blasco Oliveira Vesselin Oreshkov Deofil Orteza Rodney Osborn Dale Ostrander Randall Ostroff Steven Outly Heh Paik Syung Paik John Palmieri Kenneth Pang Soon Park Parwane Parsa Myrna Parungao Arti Patel Todd Patterson Branka Pavlovic Ronald Peacock Eric Pedicini Michael Perconti Patricia Perry Janet Phelan Danil Platt Wayne Polek Susan Polk Zbigniew Pomykala James Poole Edward Post George Powell Christine Prekezes Robert Prince Tomasz Przezdziak Maria Quartetti Vincent Quinlan Bronwyn Rae Milian Rakic Antonio Ramirez Naraharisetty Rao Albert Ray Michael Reedy Carmen Rocco Thomas Rooke Jeffrey Rooker Alfred Rosche David Rosen Lawrence Rossi Mark Ruttle Roman Saldan Ferdinand Salvacion Hefex Sami Madison Sample John Samuels James Sanders Timothy Sanders Nicholas Sarros Danny Sartore Sudershan Saxena Brian Schander John Scheub Larry Schick Kevin Schmidt Bradley Schnack Karen Schneider Edward Schulte Jeffrey Schultz Louis Serpico Suzanne Serpico Kamlesh Shah John Shiro John Paul Sims Jose Sison Tanyalak Sivaboborn Michael Skaredoff Marc Sloan William Soden Derek Sonnenburg Chidambaram Srinivasan Timothy Starck Timothy Staudacher Richard Stephenson George Streicher Brian Strumpf Radha Sukhani R. K. Prasad Sundara Dale Sutherland John Szewczyk Ma Tacadena Pankaj Tanna Alberto Testoni Zuhair Thalji Curt Theo Angela Thomas Raghu Thunga Louis Tisovec Michael Tobin Janet Torpy Maria De Lordes Torres William Towne Long Tran Hung-Shing Tsang Kenneth Tuman Mary Tuman John Valadka Martin Valente Memo Verdan Enrique Via-Reque Edward Villaflor Mirasol Villaflor Robert Waldvogel Cathleen Watt Howard Weiss David Wenzel Eric Werner Robert Whitcomb Ewilina Worwag Peter Wuertz Jeffrey Wygodny Theodore Wynnychenko Edward Yaghmour Emma Yee-Salazar David Yound Leonard Zalik Noel Zweig Michael Zygmunt 15 N OW R AT E D A- (EXCELLENT) BY A.M.BEST! W H E N © 2001 ISMIE I T M A T T E R S M O S T