Biomechanics Biomechanics

Biomechanics
”Biomechanics is the science
that examines forces acting
upon and within a biological
structure and effects produced
by such forces.”
Biomechanics
•  applies mechanics to biology
•  physiological and medical
applications are the main points
in this course
B.M. Nigg
Historical background
Leonardo da Vinci
Ø Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519
Ø Andreas Vesalius, 1514-1564
Ø Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642
Ø William Harvey, 1578-1658
Ø René Descartes, 1596-1650
Ø Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, 1608-1679
Ø Robert Boyle, 1627-1691
Ø Robert Hooke, 1635-1703
Ø Isac Newton, 1642-1727
Ø Leonard Euler, 1707-1783
Ø Thomas Young, 1773-1829
Ø Jean Poiseuille, 1797-1869
Ø Adolf Fick, 1829-1901
Ø ....
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Andreas Vesalius
Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642
Anatomical theatre, Leyden 1610
2
William Harvey, 1578-1658
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli,
1608-1679
The way of solving a Biomechanical problem
2. What about the loading ?
0. Description of the anatomy, the CAD-drawing.
1.  How does the construction work mechanically ?
Kinematics
Anatomy
Equations of equilibrium (forces)
Equations of equilibrium (moments)
Limitations
Outer forces
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2. What about the loading?
It is not obvious that the position follows
unambiguous from the loading …
ONLY PASSIVE ELEMENTS
Compression
Loading
Tension
The position is given from
the loading
Ligament
Bending
Cartilage
Loading
Compression
Tension
Bending
WITH ACTIVE ELEMENTS
Internal forces
The position can be completely different even if the
loading is the same
3. Constitutive relations
Assistive technology, can it be an advantage?
STRESS
STRAIN
STRESS
COMPACT
BONE
(APATITE
AND
COLLAGEN
Mechanical properties of the
most important constituents
of bone, muscles, tendons,
ligaments, cartilage etc.
TENDON
(COLLAGEN)
STRAIN
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From the
Course program:
Responsible teachers: Ingrid Svensson, Div. of
Solid Mechanics, (Hållfasthetslära), M-house, 5:th
floor, south part. Telephone: 070 234 10 29,
Ingrid.Svensson@solid.lth.se Hanifeh Khayyeri,
Hanifeh.Khayyeri@solid.lth.se
Assistants: Lorenzo Grassi,
Lorenzo.Grassi@solid.lth.se, Neashan Mathavan,
Neashan.Mathavan@solid.lth.se
Course literature:
•  Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal
System, 3-rd or 4-rd edition, M. Nordin and V.H.
Frankel. Price: Approx. 500 skr. (Note: You can
find it at internet bookstores!)
•  Introduction to Biomechanics for technical
university students, Ingrid Svensson, 2013
•  Illustrative exercises for the lectures, 2013
•  Assignment 1, 2 and IBL
•  Instructions for the Computer Lab
The last six items are found on the homepage of the course:
http://www.solid.lth.se/education/courses_swedish/
biomekanik-fhlf05/
From ”Examination”:
Types of teaching:
Lectures where
traditional lecturing is mixed with
supervised problem solving and working
with assignments in student groups with
access to assistants. Quizzes are available
to support the individual learning.
Compulsory attendance:
The presentations of Assignment IBL and
the Computer Lab!
When solving the assignments three shorter
reports are written and handed in and the
result of the third assignment is also
presented orally at a seminar. The written
reports are marked Need Supplement or
Passed.
Please observe that all three assignments and
the computer lab have to be approved in order
to get final mark on the course.
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Schedule
Illustrative
examples
for the
lecture
Stress distribution in the intervertebral disc
correlates with strength distribution in sub discial
trabecular bone in porcine lumbar spine
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7
Assignment
IBL