Hannover - Kronsberg un modèle à vivre - un

Hannover
Kronsberg
*) Partially based on
contributions
from Karin Rumming and Peter
Schilken
1
Hannover Kronsberg
un modèle à vivre un modèle à suivre !
Assestments
Manfred Görg*)
proKlima/Hannover
2nd IMAGINE Seminar,
27-29/11/2007, Arc & Senans/F
Priority aims for Kronsberg:
Hannover
Kronsberg
• highest possible quality of life
• „Consequently and holistically appliance of all
available knowledge of ecological optimisation
in construction and habitation, along with urban
planning and social aspects throughout the area
according to the principles of Agenda 21“
• priority to practicality for its residents over
presentation of spectacular projects
• wide public acceptance
2
Integrated Planning Process
Urban Structure
Hannover
Kronsberg • Complex use
structure
connection by
tram to the city
• Space-saving
constructions
• High
standards of
accommodation
space quality
• Transport
• Balanced
3
mix
Environment
• Balanced
• Energetic
optimisation
social
mix
• fast
• Open
Socio-Culture
social
• District
• Social
centre
• Water
infrastruc- • Waste
ture
• Soil
• Nutrition
• Landscape
• Environmental
communication
Ecological Optimisation
Hannover
Kronsberg
4
Energy Concept
• Low Energy Houses („Kronsberg Standard“)
• Quality Assurance + Qualification
• District Heating based on gas-fired CHP
• Electricity Saving Programme
• Renewable Energies (Wind Energy)
• Innovative Concepts (Passive Houses, Solar
City, Micro Climate Zone, Photovoltaic)
Water Concept
Waste Management Scheme
Soil Mangement
City as Garden
City as Social Habitat
Hannover
Kronsberg
Energetic
Optimisation
Kronsberg
5
Energetic Optimisation Kronsberg
Hannover
100%
Kronsberg
- 7%
Energetic Quality Control
- 17%
100% = 23,800 t
CO2 per year
LEH - Standard
80%
- 23%
cumaleted - 80%
CHP/ District Heat
60%
- 13%
Saving Electricity
40%
- 20%
Wind Power
20%
+ Micro Climate Zone / Photovoltaic / Solar District
Heat / Passive Houses (-5% bis -10% additional)
CO2 - Reduction
0%
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Low Energy Houses („Kronsberg Standard“)
Hannover
Kronsberg
Generally based on the Hannover City Council
energy policy aims from 1992
Detailed based on a study of a local consultancy,
analysing 3 efficiency standards (100, 50 and 25
Kwh/(m²a)
Suggestions/objectives/instruments:
• max. 50 kWh/(m²a) space heat consumption
(after negotiations max. 10 % to exceed allowed)
• defined „Kronsberg calculation method“,
based on guidelines from the State Hessen
• monitoring by qualified engineers
• penalty payment of 5 €/m² for exceeding the limit
• provision of subsidies by the local authority
7
Qualification ...
Hannover
Kronsberg
Development of handbooks
• ventilation
• heating technologies
• information for residents/users
Workshops for architects, planners and
craftsmen
• construction methods, construction and
technologies for LEH
• cost efficient LEH
• Kronsberg calculation method
8
... + Quality Audits
Hannover
Kronsberg
Audited air-tightness:
0.63 – 0.98 n50(h-1); requested: 1.0
9
Electricity Saving Programme
Hannover
Kronsberg
Targets: from 2,500 as reference to 1,750 kWh/a per
household = 750 kWh/a or 30% reduction in general
(to 1,000 kWh/(m²a) or 60% for the Passive Houses)
Instruments:
• information leaflets
• advice
• subsidies (free energy
saving bulbs, subsidies for
new efficient appliances)
Evaluated: 2,368 kWh/(m²a), eq. 132 kWh reduction or
5,3% in general
(1,750 kWh /(m²a), or -30% in the Passive Houses)
10
Wind Energy
Hannover
Kronsberg
One existing plant
(300 kW) and 2
new plants (1,5 +
1,8 MW)
4,500 to/a avoided CO2-emissions
11
Special innovative projects
Hannover
Kronsberg
Passive Houses
Photovoltaic
45 kwp =
22 t/a CO2-red.
„Solar City“
Micro Climate Zone
12
Climate Neutral Passive House Settlement
„Lummerlund“
Hannover
Kronsberg
13
Passive Houses at Kronsberg: Results
Heat Energy Consumption kWh/(m²a)
Measured Specific Heat Energy Consumption (without Losses of Distribution)
Hannover
Relationuntil
of 30.04.2002
Individual
Consumption
1:9
from 01.10.2001
(1999/2001
Measuring only
at !Winter)
Kronsberg
1. Heating Period 1999/2000: 14.9 kWh/(m²a)
2. Heating Period 2000/01: 13.3 kWh/(m²a)
3. Heating Period 2001/02: 12.8 kWh/(m²a)
Calculated under Standard
Conditions: 11.6 kWh/(m²a)
Calculated under standard
conditions: 11.8 kWh(m²a)
14
Hannover
Kronsberg
Assessments
Conclusions
Recommendations
15
Factors of success in general
Hannover
Kronsberg
• holistic approach with the basic human needs
in the centre (energy is only an instrument !)
• integrated planning process
• top down decision and realisation process to
demonstrate a model project with europeanwide range
• general policy decision (general aims)
• professional studies
• detailled policy decisions (targets, concepts)
• regulations in development plans and
contracts
• public acquisition of land with regard to
the future
16
Factors of success for energy targets (1)
Hannover
Kronsberg
• Concentration of advanced but approved, efficient
and cost-effective energy technologies (efficiency
standards, obligation to connect to district heat)
• combination of quality assurance (with
sanctions!) with qualification measures
• opportunity to realize innovative concepts by
investors (Passive House, „Solar City“, Microclimate Zone)
• political support by Land Niedersachsen to
overcome the opposition of building companies
against „Kronsberg Standard“
• financial support by LHH, DBU, EU to cover
the higher transaction costs
17
Factors of Succes for energy targets (2)
Hannover
Kronsberg
• A strong and engaged Deputy Mayor as head
of environmental department
• A stabile majority of social democrats and
greens in the city council
• Special organisation units for ecological
optimisation and communication (K/2000 + Kuka)
• A (76%) municipal owned energy services utility
(Stadtwerke Hannover AG), very engaged in
energy efficency buildings, cogeneration and
renewable energies
• Cumulated experiences and good networking
18
KUKA – Kronsberg Enviromental
Communication Agency
Hannover
Kronsberg
19
Failures, Problems (1)
Hannover
Kronsberg
• Electricity savings in general have been clearly
failed.
Experiences: Electricity saving need more time and
long-term offers (advice and incentives)
• Ventilation systems without heat exchange
have not been accepted by many tenants and
caused many problems for the housing
companies.
Experiences: Resistance against all kind of
ventilation systems in the future until today!
20
Failures, Problems (2)
• Conflicts about the district heat bills, because of
Hannover
the high fixe rates. Households had expected
Kronsberg
financial savings of the same percentage as
energy savings (result of a wrong communication).
• Distribution losses of the district heating system
are to high in relation to the low demand
• Evaluation results show that the Micro Climate
Zone does not reduce the heat energy
consumption
• Unsatisfactory results of solar district heating
system („Solar City“).
21
Obstacles and Overcoming them (1)
Hannover
Kronsberg
• In generally energy themes was not favoured
by architects and urban planners
Overcoming (partly) by the special working group
K/2000, Kuka + good relationships
• lacking knowledge about low energy (LEH) and
passive house (PH) standard
Overcoming: Qualification + audits (for LEH),
invitation of a investor from outside (for PH)
• Collective opposition of all building companies
(„strike“) in the beginning against the „Kronsberg
Standard“
Overcoming: Providing additional subsidies for
social housing + 10% tolerance
22
Significance of Kronsberg-Project for
activities in following
Hannover
Kronsberg
• European-wide impulses of the Kronsberg project in
general and Passive House concept in particular
• Start of a Passive House programme (for new buildings)
in 1999 and a „Factor 10-Programme“ (for existing
buildings) in 2003 by the climate fund „proKlima“
• „Impuls Programme Passive House“ by City Hannover
with targets and instruments
• Political decision in 2003 for a climate neutral settlement
„In der Rehre“ on the basis passive house standard with
300 dwellings (building start probably 2009)
• Political decision in 2007 to build the 2nd building section
on Kronsberg-Nord with 300 dwellings in Passive House
standard (realisation within the next 10 years)
23
Recommendations for other cities,
Keys to be successfull (1)
Hannover
Kronsberg
1. Challenges of climate protection and the end of
the area of cheap oil & gas require ambitious
targets for the energy future of European cities:
• climate-neutral schemes for new buildings
and new settlements
• 80-90% CO2-reduction („factor 10“ compared
to the historically built situation)
2. We have the means to achieve these targets in
an economical and social acceptable way
24
3. We have to study what are the specific local or
regional conditions and resources and to
formulate a specific strategy („road map“) with
quantified targets, milestones ...
Recommendations for other cities,
Keys to be successfull (2)
Hannover
Kronsberg
4. As a priority we have to give the people the right
technologies for a sustainable energy future and
we have not to lecture them on what they have
to do daily for saving energy!
5. We have to convince the people that efficient
technologies and renewable energies make the
life more comfortable, more sure, more healthy
and cheaper. These „side benefits“ are the key
to interest the most people – and additional they
can do so somewhat for the future of their
children.
25
Recommendations for other cities,
Keys to be successfull (3)
Hannover
6.
Kronsberg
With „lighthouse projects“ we can show, that
climate-neutral concepts are not visions for the
future but for today: We can create „islands of
sustainability“ today and show through them, how
many advantages they have.
7. The EU and the member states should give
orientations and incentives for cities do work
out local and regional schemes, to create „light
house projects“ and to support the local/regional
dissemination process.
8. Cities should establish local/regional energy ore
26
climate protection agencies and funds (like
proKlima).
Literature/Contacts
When you enter “Kronsberg” into the search-function
Hannover
“Suchen” at the website www.hannover.de you will
Kronsberg
find all Kronsberg documents
manfred.goerg@gmx.de
karin.rumming@hannover-stadt.de
www.proklima-hannover.de
www.klimaschutz-hannover.de
27