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IY
1<IJ
(OUR LAN8UAClS I!CIJA)
A PMRAt:SBOOI( 0' TMS I(IJA LAN8UA8S
Compiler: Joseph Blythe
Kijo contributors:
poris Fletcher, Lulu Trancollino, Ben Duncan, Henry Achoo, Mavis Wallaby, Mary Thomas,
Eileen Bray, Rosie Malgil, Pilot Henry. Tiger Henry, Loma Thomas, Phyllis Thomas.
This phrasebook is accompanied by a series of cassettes.
I
KIMBERLEY LANGUAGE RESOURCE CENTRE
I
I
This book is published by the Kimberley Language
Resource Centre, an Aboriginal organisation that
supports groups who are working to maintain their
indigenous languages, and undertakes projects at
their request.
Proceeds from the sale of this book go towards
maintenance of Aboriginal languages in the
Kimberley.
© Kimberley Language Resource Centre on behalf of the
owners of the Kija language and culture.
PMB 11
Halls Creek WA 6770
Tel:
(OS) 916S 6005
Fax:
(OS) 9168 6023
e-mail: klrchc@bigpond.com
© art remains with the individual artists
ISBN:
-
1 875167358
Design and layout: Jane Lodge
Funded by:
Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Commission
Language Access Initiative Program (Stolen
Generation Funding)
Cover painting:
Felicity Smith
Other artwork by: Felicity Smith. Rosie Malgil. Thelma Thomas.
Doris Fletcher. Loma Thomas. Henry Achoo.
Lulu Trancollino.
Kija on tapes spoken by:
Doris Aetcher. Lulu Trancollino.
Benny Duncan. Loma Thomas.
Henry Achoo.
English on tapes spoken by: Lexie Trancollino-Councillor.
Ethel McLennon. Jane Morris.
Henry Achoo. Kenneth Martin.
Perrema yuwurrlyangem menkawum
m/rllm/rllm Kljampurru pinarrikklrrem.
Perrem menkawum kajetpu rangkakirrem
rangka plmperrikpu jarrakpu yamperramurlunya
pakarrjlya Kljam yuwurrlyangem.
Lulu Trancollino
Kija Executive Member
Kimberley Language Resource Centre
It is good to have our book about Kija to help people learn it.
The cassettes too are good because they will be able to listen to the words.
We're keeping our language, Kija, really strong.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank the following Kija people who have helped with this project:
Doris Fletcher. Lulu Trancollino. Ben Duncan. Mavis Wallaby. Mary Thomas. Eileen Bray. Rosie
Malgil. Pilot Henry. Tiger Henry. Michelle Martin. Henry Achoo. Lorna Thomas. Phyllis Thomas.
Felicity Smith and Theresa Polkinghorne. Lexie Trancollino-Councillor. Ethel McLennon. Jane
Morris. Henry Achoo and Kenneth Martin.
I am grateful to Frances Kofod for sharing with me her knowledge and many years of
experience in Kija; also to Joyce Hudson and Pat Lowe for checking drafts and for
encouragement. Jirrayam.
Joseph Blythe
Linguist
:I
:I
:I.
:I
•
iSYfEityp1eosed to put out our new publication. Yuwurriyangem Kijam. It is a lovely
bOPkqn(:ilmfnlQUKijapeople will be proud when they see their language written down for
the tapes. Listening to the language will fake them back to the
anafnev'lI know who they are. The pictures will help them pinpoint some of
th~l<iQ~irrth~next generation will also be very happy to have a chance to hear the
in a book like this. People should not be ashamed tb speak their
keep on speaking what they know. As people get older. that's when
language and wish they had learned it when they were young. This
!6fOfWQrn..h~gQnfEi into producing this collection of Kija words and phrases. which is the
,'d like to thank linguist Joe Blythe and all those Kija people who shared
~~with him and helped record the phrases. as well as those who drew the
the support of the Wunan ATSIC Regional Council for their
this Pfoiect and the National ATSIC Stolen Generation Funding Program
Bonnie Deegan
Chairperson
Kimberley Language Resource Centre
fOR E W 0
R D
The Kimberley region has an unusual distribution of Australian Aboriginal languages.
All Aboriginal languages can be classified as either Pama-Nyungan or non-Pama-Nyungan.
The Pama-Nyungan group covers nine-tenths of the continent-all languages in this group
can be shown to be related. The non-Pama-Nyungan group exists in a relatively small area
E F A
c
in northern Australia and is made up of some twenty distinct language families.
E
In the Kimberley area alone there are four separate families, each made up of several
languages. Kija is a non-Pama-Nyungan language and belongs to the JawaKan family.
Gl!WIl
WoIyooIlIII
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WoriIi
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MlI1IIln
.
lluftllbl!
:" FI'IZRO'{
lIIflYADANGA
~
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~'"
~
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...........
~mmIII
Kimberley languages are shown where
they were traditionally spoken. Since
non-Aboriginal people camEt to the
area there has been considerable
change. The arrows indicate the
general trend of movement,
(Extracted from the
Kimberley Language Resource Centre's poster
Traditional Locations of Aboriginal Languages),
~
-rIji
f
.:
HALLS
Ill! CREEl(
~
GcOIIlyamll
t ....
~ ~..........-......
\~'"
• _._ •••&>.
. ...
JBiU.
,
WMmsfm'rl
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......
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\l9cMllllllilllllGU
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mJU.1I tII'
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WIIngl!iJtIIllP'
KIMBERLEY REGION
OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA
I'!gaRIl
,
,,
.
KuI1RiIji!
XXtQtdlUtt ............w ... )}J.5!!J!.H rr f!?.}yrrr ....
11
11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, , , , , , , , , , , . • , . . IV
;;
FOREWORD
V
PREFACE.
VI
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . , . • . . . , , , . 1
KIJA SPELLING, • , •• , ,
3
ABBREVIATIONS , , . . . . . • . . . . • ,
, '1
1
MEETING PEOPLE. , . , , • , , • , , . , , , , , , ,
15
GREETINGS ..............................................•..... 8
HEADING OFF ................................................. 10
INTRODUCTIONS ..................................•............ 10
LANGUAGE & IDENTITY ..............................•........... 14
2
3
, , , , 16
FOOD. , . •
SICKNESS
&
18
HEALTH •
MEDICINE •............•...................................... 21
BUSH MEDICINE ...........................•..........•........ 21
4
KIJA
&
OTHER LANGUAGES . . . . , , , ,
22
LEARNING KIJA FROM A KIJA SPEAKER ...................•.......•. 22
LISTENING & UNDERSTANDING ..........................•..•.....• 23
LEARNING. TEACHING. KNOWING & THINKING •...................... 24
MEANING •....•..................•.....................•..... 24
s
THE PARTY,
25
6
V£HICL£S.
215
'1
LOVE
g
CHILDRSN""""
31
.• "
. . , •• ,
35
BEING PREGNANT ................•............................. 35
HAVING A BABY ......................................•........ 35
SOME TERMS FOR SMALL CHILDREN ............................... 36
TABLE Of CONTENTS
BEING BORN ..•.......•.•.••........•.......................•. 36
THE NEWBORN BABY....•.....•........................•.......• 37
GETTING BIGGER .....•...•..............•.....•..•............ 37
WHO DOES THE BABY LOOK LIKE? .•.......•..•...............•..•. 38
TALKING ABOUT AGE ........................................... 38
OTHER USEFUL THINGS TO SAY ..•...........•..•........•.•..•.•.. 39
9
JSALOUSING,FUHITING
&- HUMBUG' • • • • • • • • , , , • , • , • , 40
HUMBUG .•...•..•.•.•.....••...•....•....•..•..•...•••....••. 40
JEALOUSING ...•.......•....••.....•........•..••...•...•..•.. 41
RGHTING ............•..•...•..•.•....••.•••..•. '" .•......•. 42
INSULTS ..•.........•..••..••....•.••.......•.•....•.•...•..•. 42
& FUNSRALS
10
DEATHS
11
MONEY, . • • . , ,
. 43
. 4S
~ow
KIJA PUTS WORDS
TOGSTH£R •
41
MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTER & PLURAL. ••.•....•....•.••...••••... 47
NEUTER & PLURAL .•.•..••.•...•..••......•..•..•......••....•.• 51
SOMEEASY SENTENCES .......................................... 52
VERBS .•••.......••....•..••...•....•....•••.••..•.....••..... 55
FAST SPEECH FORMS OF COMPLEX VERBS ..•........•....••...•..... 59
MAKING QUESTIONS ............................................ 60
SlBtIOGRAPHY
, , , , •
TABLS OF KIN TERMS ,
WORD LIST. ,
FIND£R LIST
, .• , , . , •
61
, . 62
64
, SS
==
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rise to new languages (Cattle Station Pidgin and the later Kimberley KrioD. The rise of these new
;I
languages. intermarriage between different tribal groups. the practice of removing children
:.I
•
•
•
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11
:11
11
•
•
•
the early 20th century as Aboriginal people became employed in the pastoral industry they
began to congregate around cattle station homesteads. Their employment on stations gave
from their parents and then forbidding them to speak their traditional languages. led to a weakening of those languages and the strengthening of Kriol. However. many Kija people lived and
worked on stations within the Kija speaking area and during the wet season many returned to
a more traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle. This meant that Kija fared better than some neighbouring languages and today still has a few hundred speakers. The sale of the government station Moola Bulla in 1955 and the equal pay legislation of 1968 resulted in thousands of Kimberley
Aboriginal people leaving the stations and moving to centres such as Fitzroy Crossing. Halls
Creek. Turkey Creek and Kununurra. This movement further contributed to the weakening of
Kimberley languages. Today most Kija speakers live in Halls Creek and Warmun t (Turkey Creek)
and the communities of Frog Hollow. Quartz Flow. Violet Valley. Bow River. Tablelands. Iminji.
Crocodile Hole and Chinaman's Gardens. Most of these places are on or close to traditional
Kija country.
Today. Kija is an endangered language spoken in East Kimberley in Western Australia. Uke most
Kimberley languages it is not actively spoken by children. The majority of Kija speakers are elderly or middle aged. Most young Kija adults and children speak Kriol as their first language as well
==
as varieties of Aboriginal English. They may use quite a number of Kija words in their Kriol and
::;;
The Kimberley Language Resource Centre has received all sorts of requests for assistance to
=-
~O~U~ftON
English. giving these languages a Kija flavour.
help keep the language strong. These requests have come from several sources: Kija elders
concerned about the loss of their language. descendants of the stolen generation seeking to
reclaim their traditional language. parents who want their children to know their (great)-grandparents' language. health workers and language workers as well as professionals and
researchers working in the Kija area .. This list includes quite a range of people with different
t SpelledWarrmarn according to the Kifa orthography.
"A
~
r'1' ~~..;I,
\J
A PHRASSBOOK OF THS KIJA
1.""''''''4.'''''''''
needs and different educational backgrounds. What they all have in common is the desire to
be able to converse in the language.
Due to the particular linguistic situation and the differing needs of the would-be Kija learners, this phrase book had to be different from those for mainstream languages. It is not targeting the backpacker, nor the tourist who needs assistance decoding the menu. It is first
and foremost an aid to lat:lguage maintenance. Because at present the majority .of school
programmes in Kija are aural. there are very few people able to read and write Kija. For this
reason. rather than follow each phrase (as many phrasebooks do) with a confusing approximation of how it should be pronounced. it was decided to make an audio recording of all
of the phrases to accompany the book. Thus. the audio cassettes. in addition to being a
guide to pronunciation. can assist fhe learner with reading Kija.
The package is intended to equip the learner with some vocabulary to deal with everyday
life in the Kija region, to deal with practical problems and to talk about some of the things
that Kija people talk about. All of the phrases were provided by Kija speakers and approved
by them for inclusion in the book.
Being of a practical nature, the phrases themselves should allow the student to plunge
straight into using the language. After a while. questions may arise as to why you can say
this and why you can't say that so a section with grammatical information has been included. This section has been worded as simply as possible. so don't be frightened off. It is not
meant to be the last word on Kija grammar. If you can't find the answers you are looking for
f'f;<
f v;,
j
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there is a number of other resources for Kija available through the Kimberley language
Resource Centre. This package will complement those resources rather than replace them.
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YUWURRIYANGGM
ICIJAM
So take the plunge! Kija speakers are very proud of their language and will usually be
happy to help you learn. Remember that this package is only an aid to learning the language. Kija speakers are the ones who know the language and can teach you; they should
be your main language resource.
le
system of spelling Kija words was developed by linguist Patrick McConvell in 1984 for
the Ngalangangpum School in Warmun (Turkey Creek). The spelling system uses 24 different
letters or letter combinations (digraphs). They are:
a. aa. e. i. j. k. I. Iy. m. n. ng. I1h. ny. p.
1'.
ri.. m. fr. rt. t. th. u.
~RJA
~IF>$~~RN~
w. y
.
.
There are quite a few sounds in Kija that you do not find in English so the Kija writing system
has been adapted to cope with these sounds. That means that the letters often don't have
the same sounds as they do in English. Here is a list of all the letters in Kija and the sounds
I
;
I
they make.
a
sounds like the
u in the English word cut. It is found in the Kija word mangon (to
aa
sounds like the
I
e
sounds like the er in the English word father. It is found in the Kija word tek (Jook at,
a in the English word father. It is found in the Kija word jaam (belly).
;
see).
I
in feet. It is found in the Kija word pinarri (knowing, knowledgable).
sometimes sounds like the I in the English word hit and sometimes sounds like the ea
u
sounds like the 00 in the English word foot. It is found in the Kija word tulpum (heart).
j .
sounds like the j in the English word jump. It is found in the Kija word jaam (belly). At
I
;
I
I
I
>
!!!ill!!
!!If
I
VOWSL~
wave).
;
I
I
!liS
!SS COHSeHltH!S
the end of a word it often sounds more like the ch in the English word much. This·
sound can be heard in the Kija word woj (give).
k
sometimes sounds like the 9 in the English word go. It can be heard in the name of
the language Kija. Sometimes it sounds like the k in the English word skite. This sound
can be heard in the Kija wordpinarrlk (teach).
A PIlAASSBOOI< OF TIIS l<IJA LAN/;tfitl:i;t'
sounds like the I in the English word louse. It is found in the Kija word iaame (on top.
up high).
iy
sounds like the III in the English word million. This sound can be heard in the Kija skin
name Jawalyl. It is not like the iy in happily.
m
sounds like the m in the English word motor. It is found in the Kija word mamperr6
(wait).
n
sounds like the n in the English word nose. It is found in the Kija word nawan (cave.
hole).
ng
sounds like the ng in the English words bring and singer. It occurs in the Kija words
kunguJu (blood) and ngalil (woman). English speakers might find this sound hard to
hear and hard to pronounce at the beginning of a word.
nil
there is no sound like this in English. Put the tip of your tongue behind your top front
teeth and make an 11 sound. This sound is found in the Kija word
mempat (get
stuck/get bogged).
sounds like the l1i in the English word onion. It is found in the Kija word nyakanyJi
(uncle). English speakers might find this sound hard to hear, especially when it
occurs at the end of a word.
p
sometimes sounds like the b in the English word big. Sometimes it sounds like the p
in the English word spin. It is found in the Kija word parawul (female hill kangaroo).
i
sounds like the r in the English word run. It is found in the Kija word rangka (listen.
hear).
rl
sounds like the rl when an American English speaker says cur/or girl. It is found in the
Kija word mar/am (hand).
m
sounds like the m when an American English speaker says barn. You can hear it in
the Kija word pumul (a fly).
rr.sometimes sounds like the rolled r in Scottish English or sometimes like the n in butter
······wh$Osaidvery fast. It is found in the Kija word jarrakpu (word, story, language).
d$OOhdslikethe I'd or the rt when an American English speaker says card or cart. It is
~9l..1ngdrrthe Kija word kartakpu (cup, pannikin, billycan).
$Q~tirnes sounds like the cl in the English word dog. Sometimes it sounds like the f
stun. It is found in the
Kij~
word taparuny (pelican).
J~~lS:nosound like this in English. However it is similar to the th in that. Put the tip
Y99ftgngue behind your top front teeth and make a t sound. This sound is found
ttijl<l!Clword thalngcm (Snappy Gum).
~~lIl(e
the 'IN in the English word Wednesday. It is found in the Kija word
gfl(brHbe tired, be lazy).
~M(;Islike the y in the English word yellow. It is found in the Kija word yakum (tell
fS!/ll~pelling
conventions to be aware of. Firstly, a
'IN
that occurs at the begin-
!::Jut before a u is often silent as in the word wumperfoma (they said m.ln Kija
•
with a vowel so a
Vi
is put at the front even if it can't be heard
~PSLLtN.
eONVSN!IONS
at the beginning of a word but before an i is often silent, as
•••
11
==:;;
hrAlnnn vowel sounds. This is how they are written:
ea in the English word easily. It is found in the Kija word j/yillny
'\Q$JIf<'~fhe 00 in the English word pool. It is found in the Kija word minyjuwum
a
~
..
~
•
A PllAASSBOOl< OF TIIS KIJA LANGUAG.S
There are also combinations of sounds that need to be distinguished from the ng sound
(see above). You hear these sound combinations in English too but the English spelling is
confusing. When writing Kija these sounds are spelt differently to make it clear.
og
is q single sound like the ng in the English word singer. It can be heard in the Kija
word kungulum.
ngk is a combination of ng and k and sounds like the ng in the English word finger. It can.
Of:' heard in the Kija word warangkon (fast).
ok
is a combination of nand k.lt sounds like the ng in the English word engorge. It can
be heard in the Kija word pinkllfpClI (push turkey).
Most Kija words are stressed on the first syllable.
4$
it
tt
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YUWURRIYANGS~
I<IJAI4
.
.::~~
.Ji./
I
I
i
I
I
3
I
I
i
I
adj ........... adjective
cov ........... coverb
dem ..... , ... .demonstrative
iv ........... .inflecting verb
m ........... .masculine
f ............ .feminine
n ..... ....... .neuter
N ........... .stative suffix
pI ........... .plural
qu .......... .question
gen ......... .generic
lit ........... .literally
;
;
;
I
I
m
I
I
I
I
A PHRASSBOOK OF THS KIJA
."••TIN.S
'e
way Aboriginal people in the East Kimberley greet each other may seem strange to
people who are new to the area. If you aren't used to it, it can sound as if people are being
quite rude to each other. This is not the case. Traditionally Kija people didn't say Hello. One
of the most common Aboriginal English greetings is What now? This really means something
like: What's happening? or What are you doing? or What have you got for me? The standard answer to this question is Nothing. Not surprisingly, greetings in Kija may be quite similar to these Aboriginal English ones. These expressions are often accompanied by hand gestures.
f:lU.S'ftON
ANSW.R
Kapuwa? . , • , " " , , ....... " . , ..... , , .. , .... ,Nguwangaman,
What is happening? ....................... .Nothing.
Kamlnya? , ..... , ........... , ...... , .... , .Nguwangarnannga,
What now? .............................. .I've got nothing.
What have you got?
::I
:I
::I
::a
==
Nyungkayanmangu? t ..............Wentha. jirrayanngal
Jirrayanmangu? .................... Yeah, I'm alright!
Are you OK?
Karrunyo, nyungkoyanmongu? .......Warrernpenngake.
What now, are you alright? .......... .I'm sick.
..
Yilkuwurrunngoke.
cm
I feel lousy.
. . ." .
. ..
Jaam menkowuwurrunngake,
==
I'm feeling sad.
(lit: I don't feel good in the belly,
:I
The Kija language expresses emotion and well-being in terms of how people feel in the
11
==
==
==
11
stomach (jaam). If you are happy you feel good in the stomach. If you are sad. anxious or
upset you have a bad feeling in the stomach. Likewise. if you like something. it makes you
feel good in the stomach.
Anothel'common wo,y of greeting people is to ask where someone is going or where they
==
••
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==
a
==
:;;
;I
ANSWSR
~.!tijlt(l?
........... '...... ,,.... ,.,....Ngeneka ngenanke.
0l~~ateyou going? ..................... .I'm staying here.
KRlmjjifa? .................. , , .........Pirlwu ngenarike taankill pakuklrrem.
Wi'!Haje)yoUgoing? ..................... .I'm going home to lie down.
Ki~~Y~tKWYinha? .................. , ....Ngulungulun kerlim:mg ngenayin Puruwumpiny.
Wb;~al'dYo(Jcomefrom? .................. Yesterday I came from the west, from Broome.
t Where there are two ways of saying the same thing. both are given.
0"
~irfayam.
NyungkClyam.
Seeyou.
i\I1~ff:a. ng~nartke, .nyungkcyam pemenha,
rm going, take it eopJ!.
Kara1ek tlmpimnhangu.
I'll see you later.
KerQkt~k .timpimnhangu ngulungu)un.
I'll see you later in the q{temQOn.
When people are introduced. or when they introduce themselves, they usually start with
their skin (subsection) names. It is important for people to know each other's skin-names in
IH'ltOPVeTIOHS
order to know how to relate. ~f you are introduced you will often·be told people's skin names
and how you are to relate to them. There are eight skins; each has Cl masculine and feminine name. Some skins have more than one name.
KA.'CUWNS
p~ln
Jungurra ....................... Naminyji
Jangala ....................... Nangala
Jampin ........................ Nompin
Jakarra ........................ Nakarra
Jaangan ....................... Naangori
Jawalyi ........................ Nyaajarri
Jawon/Jawanji/Jonama .......... Nyawona
Juwurru/Julama ................. Nyawurru
The above forms are the ones you would use when you are speaking directly to someone.
When you are speaking about someone the skin names usually have the forms given
below:
':YUWURRIYANGSM
I<IJAM
:I
:;
:;
MASCUL1NS
'SMtNINS
Jungurrany ..................... Naminyjili
Jangalany ..................... Nangalal
:m
Jampinji ....................... Nampinel
==
==
::;
Jakarrany ...................... Nakarral
==
Juwurruny/Julamany ............. Nyawurrul
::;
=I
:.;
".
~
==
:;;
:.;
11
11
11
:I
•
::I
:I
~.'"
~
*
Jaangariny ...................... Naangaril
Jawalyiny ...................... Nyaajarril
Jawanji/Janamany .............. Nyawanal
Everybody is related through the skin system. Once you know people's skins it is possible to
work out relationships. The relationship terms are listed in the Table of Kin Terms on p62.
Here is a possible dialogue as two men meet:
SPSAl(SIl
1
i:PSAl(SR
14
l\igayinti JUl"Igufranngake, " , .. , ... , , .......... , . l\igayinkamiyi Jungurranngake,
I'm a Jungurra................................ I am also a Jungurra.
Nyingantl ngaJinngungu ngakinyinngungu
nga)lny jungulTanyayl. ......... , ... , ... , ....... l\iyungkayam. ngunyjum ylntiyi.
We are both Jungurra so you are my brother. ...... Alright give me some tobacco.
Here are some sentences that you might say if you are introducing a friend:
NginyJlny Jakarrany.
Nyingan pemeningi
Kayimiiinya nginiyin?
Nyakayi,
Where does he come from?
This man is a Jakarra. You call him Uncle.
Kayimilila nyaniyinya?
Ngeiei Nakarral ngajikal. Kurayl, pemengiyi.
Where does she come from?
She is his sister; a Nakarra. You call her Mother.
A PflRASSBOOK OF TflS I<JJA LAIIIGtlAG£
Kayimilinya kurakul'any nginiyin?
Where does that old man come from?
Ngeleli fhamanyilngake nyakanypnuwa, nyakanyjinuwa
thamanyll ngele!.
Kayimilila nyamanelt nycmiyinya?
Where does that elderly woman come from?
She's my cousin from my mother's side, from my mother's brother.
Kayimilimangu naniyinha?
Where do you come from?
Ngurrungamannga ngirripawurrunnga.
I'm from a long way away.
I\Igelel thamanyil ngapuwalungkal kawangelngiya.
She's my cousin from my father's side, from my aunt.
Janya ngakenyji ningkuwuny.
Tanya ningkiwinyngake.
He's my relation/countryman.
Ngelel ngakenyel ningkuwul.
Ngelel ningkiwilngake.
She's my relation/countryman.
PuyummgmlUnnga.
I come from the North.
Kel1irrangmilinnga.
I come from the west.
Nyingan kangkakanhangu. Ngayin nyawanannga, nylnganti
Jungul'ranngu kangkakanha.
You are my kangka.1 am Nyawana and you are Jungurra so you
are my kangka.
Kapa nginpimningki1
What do I have to call you?
Kar/i, nimpimngim.
You have to call me karlL
Kangkayl. nimpimngirrl.
You have to call me kangkayi.
l\Iylngangkurriny nyakanykurriny tanyi, nhowun nguwlmningld
karll.
He's your uncle, he has to call you karli.
Nyinganti nlngkuwunngungake.
You're my relation/countryman.
Tanyi nyuwwngamany lampungamany.
He's from the south, from Lamboo.
Tanyl taawany taampurru.
He is a traditional owner.
Ngelel taawal perrempurru.
She is a traditional owner for this place.
Yakenginy kamaliwany, nguwan ngarra nemenke.
That other bloke is a stranger; I don't know him.
Ngaylnti Tarrkikrikwangkunngake.
I'm from Turkey Creek.
Ngenawarike mulapulun nawarrow ngenaylnte tarrkikrikjln.
I was born in Moola Bulla but I grew up in Turkey Creek.
Kangkayi, parringirrijju nengkei'rapen.
You two have to call each other kangkayi.
YUWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
t Cultural Note: The word for elderly woman. nyamanel
is a/so used to refer to a white woman.
a
11
11
If someone doesn't tell you what their skin group is you may need to ask them.
•
~
•
=I
:I
:;;
::;
:.;
..
People usually use a skin name or a relationship term in preference to using each other's
own names as a means of address. Personal names, particularly blackfella names* or bush
names are not to be used lightly. It may even be considered offensive to ask someone their
name directly. It is often safer to ask through a third person.
~
=I
tI
:;;
•
•
:;
11
*t
Traditional names in an Aboriginai language.
Name that comes from English.
A P\!!lASEBOOIt OF '!'\!S J(tJA LANIH1Ati1g:
~J~.~UA~~
MtRtY
In the east Kimberley, Aboriginal people often describe themselves by the languages they
speak. The phrase Nhawunti Kljapany. He's Kija, really means that he knows and controls the
Kija language. Kija speakers from one area often comment on how the speech of Kija
speakers from another region is different from their own. Linguists call the different regional
varieties of a language dialects. Sometimes Aboriginal people have names for the different
dialects and sometimes they don't. Sometimes the name for 0 dialect might only be used
by speakers of a different dialect. These days I.ungka and Kuluwarrong are the two main
dialects of Kijo. Lungka refers to the variety of Kija spoken around Halls Creek, and to the
people who speak it. It is often referred to as Halls Creek Kija. Kuluwarrang, which has also
been referred to as Jarrak, is spoken around Turkey Creek and is often referred to as Turkey
Creek Kija. Many Kija people will not actually use these names but they will express the differences as heavy and light. It is hard to say what exactly people mean by these terms.
However. when someone claims to speak heavy Kija and they say that someone else
speaks light Kija, there is no doubt they mean the other person's speech is in some way different from their own.
~
k
Nyawai1ai jalTck Jsme Kijam.
Nyawana speaks Kija.
Ai
YUWURR.IYANGIl)ll
Ngurriny jarrak kerns Kijam,
He speaks Kija.
KIJAM
Nhawui1ii Kijapany,
He's a Kija man.
He speaks Kija.
•
::;
:;;
:;,
==
Ng~Kilapal.
She'soKya woman.
She speaks KMI
:;:j:~~~~;ii;~i;i~~i~~r{~¥#~~;:::~::::;"~:~
Nhawun• Kijapany
11
11
11
Ngeneka jorrokkol'fi yarru~~pel'fem jumpum Kijampi.
Kija.
rolfeng~rram jal'fa~;~;~~~rrurnfaR)9Qfpmpem Kijam.
here are speaking light Kija.
He is Kgabut he d
Thuwurra nyingangkurrum jarrakpi Jorrak teme?
a
:;;
.,.,.".",.,."""""""""""""",."""""""""""""""""'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' t}'
What language are you speaking?
Thuwurra jarrak jems fall?
Nhawunfi Kijapany jalTok keme yokengam Jarum.
What language is she speaking?
He's Kija but he talks Jaru.
"Yndtls~fre"$Q
Nginyjiny Jarupany jarrak kerne ~.IJ~~M!""""'"",.,.,.
He's Jaru but he speaks
Yokengom jOffgmIJ,iaQ
:11
:;;
11
11
11
! fij
11
11
:;
I
;;
I
A PHAASESOOK OF THE KIJA LAr.tGtrAIUit'
I
n Kija it is normal to make a distinction between miyalem (meat) and may/m (non-meat
/~
ood).
di!:":
r/-Q-:i[;/)?,
......
Karninya mlyalem?
Is there any meat?
{j
,{ ~'-t. -:? "
rI-'"-
Junamannama miyalem kaminy~~W
Did you get any meat?
~
Kapajarroma mlyaiem junanynhangim?
What kind of meat did you bring me?
Walampum nunanykengu jangklrrem,
Bring me meat. (Speaking to one person).
Nengkenowan miyale pampsiYanyngint
You lot bring me meat. (Speaking to more than
two people).
PampSiTonyju miyale tarn,
You two bring me meat.
I brought you some rib bones to eat.
YUWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
t For a discussion of coverbs see p57
\.\
~
::I
Yilkuwurrunnga miyalpawurrunnga.
:;;
I'm not too good, I've got no meat.
~
~
••
•
:;;
~.'
~
11
11
'!!!!!!!!!ll
~
III
;;
~.
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11
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Jirrowukum penemnnanga miyalem ngakinype.
Get me one piece of meat.
-,~~
Wupu penayiiji mayim menkawum.
He cooked this good food on the coals.
Perrem mayim wupungem.
The food is cooked.
WUlUm menkawum ngarak nunpumkengu kUyingen.
Now I'll make you a nice stew.
Mayim perrempi penawarrenji peITjilke,
This food is overcooked, it's too dry.
Nengkerrawan ngarak jampirrimnna mayim.
You lot make some damper. (Speaking to more than two
Mayim perrem jumanykai1am wela plnaninngu wupukii1em.
Hey, it's delicious, you're a good cook.
people).
Nengkerrawan kapinga jirri jarrajfna mayim ngarakklrrem.
You lot show him/her how to make damper. (Speaking to more
than two people).
§
Miyalkeny kirlirli ngenom,
I'm walking around looking for meat.
Mamejam yiikuwurrum.
It's too hot like fire.
Perrem yilkuwurrum paitarl'jim moyim.
This food has got too much chilli.
Perrem mayim walurrpam.
This food is hot (eg.just out o(the oven).
Kawirlikpu pUflUwunpu mayim.
The food is getting cold.
Perrem mayim kernkam.
This food is raw.
Perrempi mayim menkawum. kertkarra penayanyji.
He cooked this wonderfully.
t White person's fOOd.
.<
j
Wariwum menkawukkarri junamennha wariwuk.
You put something spicy in it to make it taste really good.
Perrem menkawum, menkawuyijlyam ngarejam,
It's really good and sweet.
Tam kipingamam mayim yuwurrayangem.
That is our bush food.
ferrem wajpalakirrem mayim menkawum.
It's good kartiya food.t
Perrempi wal'l'ayelpamanyji? Yilkuwurrunngake karajpeka
ngaremperra. nguwal1 jong nginpim.
Has it got any sugar? I'm a diabetic, I can't eat sweet things.
MalTa yarrutja piya yarrufja piji yarrum menkawumenKawum
jangklrrem,
Let's go shopping and we'll get something nice to
Kapungerreka ngari'kalem mayimpurru?
How much does the food cost?
~Rre~H~~~
&
NISA~~1ID
Grammatical Note:
In Kija the body and body parts are always neuter. The person to whom the body part
belongs takes the appropriate masculine or feminine gender suffix (for him or her) or
the appropriate pronoun clitic t (for you. me or us).
WCm'empenngake menkawuWIJmJnnga,
I'm not too good, I'm very sick.
Yilkuwununngake.
I feel lousy.
Yinfekpany melngampanyningi.
Marra ylntetha meingampany marra
Jaam menkawuwumJnngake,
I'm sick in the stomach.;
ylntekpany,
Take me to the doctor.
I'm feeling sad.
i<apak!rrema?
What is wrong?
Nyingen kapakirrenhangu?
What is wrong with you?
YUWURRIYANGSM
I<IJAM
Jirrayanngake,
I'm alright.
Kapakelienyi tany!?
What is wrong with him?
t See Table Page 54
t See Cultural Note: Chapter 1
I
I
I
:I
i!i!!I!I.
III
KunthuRkayan ngelamante tinyjirr ngeiamante waylni.
NgmempeRa yilkuwul'I'iny karajpeo
I've been coughing and sneezing.
He's diabetic.
Kungkllrrpal kakampi yilkuwllrrut
Kapakil'l'el tala?
What is wrong with her?
Poor thing, she's got the ffu.
Teperrngel nganllngkl.lm.
She's got a broken arm.
NgarempeRa yilkuwurrul karajpe.
She's diab,etic.
g
lepel'!' nyanuwartJa nganunglrum.
Ngarempel'l'a karajpe yilkuwurrunngake.
She felf and broke her arm.
11
I'm diabetic.
'!!!I!I!Il
Karajpe yilkuwurrunngake nguwan jang nginpim ngarempi
11
warrayele.
I have diabetes, I can't eat sugar or honey.
-..
....
~
-•
Ii!i!!!I'I!i
~
~
~
.
~.
~
:.
...
'.:...
..........
.'-----,,
\
Yilkuwurl'iny fuipum marra iijpala nglnaal1ji.
"\
,
\
He had a heart attack and died.
Vilkuwurrunngake paliyal'!'am.
I have a bad leg.
~
•
Yilkuwurriny tulpum.
He's got a weak heart.
Nyungkayanmangu?
Are you OK?
Lal1pu ngenal1ke kllngkuillm.
Ngarrkaiem yilkuwurru nginini mil'l'mirr ngininl pol1ail nginlwal1jl
l
\
\
\,\.
\
\..";:::;;:':>
I've got a headache.
Kalyulyupannga.
I've got a stomach ache.
Ku~npannga.
I've got a cold.
:~
~
~
ngul'!'onype wuspitelakill,
He had a heart attack so they took him to the hospital.
Yilkuwurru nginini thurrururu ngininl.
He had a stroke.
~
Menkawunngake.
, D j
Menkawunnga karajpe. \~j
I feel good.
;/-' '--'\
! 11'
A \
Yilkuwurru ngenani menkawu ngelamangke.
~
~
~
~
Mirrjipannga manamo
I've got a boil on my backside.
I wasn't well but now I feel better.
~q~ .• ~tbl;.trrl<ayan.nge!amante nyikanfi.
Menkawu ngeiamenke.
I'm beginning to feel better.
A PHRAS£BOOI< OF TH£ I<IJA LANGlIA,!!~
Ngamarranykany wert kiniyiiji,
Kaya majarr neme?
Where does it hurt?
He was bitten by a snake.
Ngaiany ngurramangpu marrama yartyart kinini tijpaia
Walurrjanngake karajpe.
nglnlwartji.
They sung him and he started shaking and died.
I'm hot. I've got a fever.
Yllkuwul'lU ngenam mamijanngake ngenawalTenji muwulum.
I'm feeling sick, my forehead is as hot as fire.
Mayimplm yilkuWUl'IUk wanama jaam.
Mayimpirri yilkuwurruk wumperramangpe ngurruwam.
Jaam majarr ngenam yilkuwurrunanyjingake.
I feel pain in the belly, I think I'm not well.
They got food poisoning.
Nyamanpu wumenya kurlangkei yilkuwurrul karajpe.
Poor thing, she's getting old and frail.
Nyamanel yilkuwurru wumenya purikala.
She's getting old and grey.
Kapaanyji mirrmirr ngenam yi!kuwul'IUnnga karojpe partarlanyji
nginpuwun.
I don't know what is wrong with me. I'm shaking, I feel faint, I
might fall down.
Mirrmirr ngenam panarianyji nginpuwun.
Kurakurany yilkuwul'lU wumenJi.
The old man is getting frail.
I'm shaking, I might fall down.
Nawarrapal kungulum yilkuwunul.
YHkuwul'lU wanama nguwan kh'li ngeme.
He's not well, he can't walk.
-:-:
::: ...
Yartyan ngeme therrngan ngeme.
He's having a fit.
He got food poisoning.
!
Cultural Note: To sin,g someone is to put a spell on them with a song.
Nyarll wanama nguwan kirii ngiwim.
She's got high blood pressure.
Nginyjiny yiikuwurruny kungulum nawarrapany.
He's got high blood pressure.
He's crippled, he can't walk.
Nyarliwiny jimarrawukta ngiwinjlnie kinyane,
He's crippled, he always has to stay in the same place.
iVUWURRIVANGS~
KIJAM
Menkawul kungulum.
Her blood pressure is OK.
it
:I
Nyingongkurrum merrejinpu junamurlunhama?
Ngurlukpa nanini nyingangkurrum
Have you got your medicine?
menkawukkirrem?
Have you drunk your medicine?
I
I
I
Komlnya nyingangkurrum junamurlunhama
;;
I
I
I
menkoWllkngarri nimpirrimnhapurru
Junamanhama nyingangkurrum jurlkurlkum
ngurlukkirrem?
Have you got that stuff you drink that will make
menkawukkirrem?
you better?
Nyingan jinpimnhama tarn kur!urrkirrem?
"fq~~
Have you taken your tablets?
Menkawum tam menkawukngarri
Do you need to get injections?
nimpirrimnhapum.l jurlkurlkum.
Nyingan pinarrinmangu kapukana jang
Those tablets will make you better.
j
Junamurlunhama nyingangkurrum menkawum
D
jurlkurlkum tom meni<awukklrrem?
Have you got those tablets that will make you
!i'!'!I!!
!II
better?
nimpim jurlkurlkum menkawukngarri
nimpirrimnhapurru?
Do you know when to take your tablets?
MSDICINS
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!iI!IIIII!
Yuwurriyangem kamtlwapam perrem I'Urrom
Kaminya menkawum kipingamam
ngul'lukklrrem menkawukkirrem.
We have plenty of grasses you can make a
purrunpungarri laiartkirrem?
Is there any bush medicine that is good for
drink from to get better.
headaches?
Ng\nyjiny kawurruny menkawuny murlumpurN
Menkawum tampi nmam lartpungarri pirriyan
III
lukurrkirriny.
Thiskawurru (Securinego melanthe~19.ides) is
kungkulum.
Rurram (0 bush plant) is good for making
~
~
good for washIng your eyes.
ID
;;
11
;;
.
.
•
_.~-{::-::·{:~~;ilf::~;.
.
io;I!!!!!I!II
Jumuluny menkawuny kungkurrupurru
a
jangkimny.
Boab nuts are good when you have got a
:;
cough.
!iI!I!!!'!I!!I
~
.......
.......
~,:
.USII MIPICIM.
. headaches go away.
A PIlRASSBOOI< OF TIIS I<IJA tANGUAGS
1f(RJA ~
OfH~~
~AN'~\UJA~1S~
LSAIUflNG l<IJA 'ROM
A iUJA £PSAt(SR
Jarrak pernengirri Kijampim.
Speak to me in Kija.
Pinamk ylntemnha Kijam. Kcmgkayl.
Teach me Kija, Kangkayi.
Jarrakjarrak pemengirri
ngamungamungumpuma.
Tell me a story about the olden days.
Kilingen jarrakJarrak nginpimningki Kijampim.
1'1/ talk to you now in Kija.
Jarrak pemengirri tam Jiylrrempurru
:,. Y 11 W 11 R R I Y A N G S M
K I J A M
Jarrak perM marrke.
Jarrak peme mamperre.
Speak slowly.
Mamperre Jarrak pemengirri rangka
naririangu.
Speak slowly so I can hear you.
Jarrakkalo puma !aame menkawuya,
Speak clearly.
Jarrak peme loome rangko naliriangu.
Speak clearly so I can hear you.
ngamungamungum.
Tell me that story about the kangaroo.
Perrem jal'l'akpu kumak peiiiyinho Kijayurrung.
Yakengem jarrakpu jarrak pemengirri.
Pefl"em jarrakpu kumak peniylnna
Tell me another story.
wajpalapiny.
Translate this into English.
Translate this into Kija.
::;
::;
Nylngcmjarrak pemengirri ngarrangkamim
Kapa nanini?
jarmkpu.
What did you say?
iIiIiiI!I"'!!l
~
TeUmea dreamtime story.
Kapa ngininl?
~
Neng~euapen
What did he say?
.
jarrak parrernngirri
ngarrongkamim jarrakpu.
Kapa nginininlngki?
a
You two tell me a dreamtime story.
What did he say to you?
Pemenglrri Jarrakpu nyingc:mgkurrum.
Kapa nyanini?
:;;
TeU me your story.
What did she say?
.......
Jarrakpa nemengirri ngayin?
Kapa nyaninlningki?
Are you speaking to me?
What did she say to you?
~
~
"-""':',
:;;
Wenfha. jarrak ngena
Yes, I'm speaking to
:;;
PinamnfflangtFjdifbkngarri ngenamnlngki?
Plnarrinmangu ktijjUWahimplm?
. .......
Do you understand what I'm saying to you?
Do you understand what to do?
=-
Pinarrinmangu jarrakngarrl purrum?
Do you understand what they are saying?
~
Nguwangaman, nguwan pi~arl1nngake
jarrakngarri purrum,
No, I don't understand what they are saying.
Nyinganrangkama jananynho tam
Do you understand what to say?
Jarrakjaliny pemengirri KiJampirs'l,
Say it again in Kija.
Tell me again in Kija.
Rangkakala peme!
Listen! (Speaking to one person).
·ja~,!(1m ngeme?
Rangkakala yintekpany!
DidyoUt/.ncferstand what he is saying?
Rangkakaia yintetha!
Listen to me! (Speaking to one person).
DidypY:h~aovhat
he is saying?
..........
Ny~pj~mangu
LI£!SNING •
UMPSftS!AND!MO
rangka jananynha?
Dpyouunderstandwhat he/she said?
A PHRASEBOOI< OF THE 1<1JA LANGtJAIlI!.'
Rangkakala yimperrikpanyl
Nguwan tawung nuoomenke tarn
Rcmgk.akala ylmperriktha!
You lot, listen to me! (Speaking to more than
roogkangam nunaanke Jarrakpu,
one person).
••
~."t1t
k.&:'
. TSACRINa f
. A·_'1''''· e .. tatNIU• •
I can't believe what I'm hearing.
I don't like what I'm hearing.
ngemperromenpe jarrakklrrem Kijampin1.
Plnamwu ngelamenke jarrakkinem
I'm beginning to learn to speak.
The old people are teaching me Kga.
Lingallnga ngetamenkente,
Pingmkpu ngeoonke jarrokkinem.
I'm thinking.
I'm learning to speak.
Lingaiinga ngenam Kijamplrrl,
Pinamkpu ngeiamenke jarrakldrrem Kijamplm.
I'm thinking in Kga.
Nyamancmim mariukoyilem plnantkplJ
I'm beginning to speak Kga.
. MSANlue
Kapaklrrem perrem kapa neme?
Tarn yakengepam jarrakpe.
What are you saying?
What does it mean?
It has a different meaning.
Kapakirremo wayinl nanlre!?
Kapakirrema perrempi Jarrakkam neme?
Why did you say that?
What do you mean by that?
What are you talking about?
Why did you do that?
'fhuwurrawlJ jarrak ooninl woylni?
Kapoi<irremnernengarr!?
Why did you say that?
What do you mean?
What are you talking about?
Thuwurrawu nguwan jooak nanini nylngon?
Kapakirrem perrempl?
Kirrij yarrayit jarrakpuka marram,
What does it mean?
We've finished speaking now.
. What is this for?
YUWURRIYANGSI/l
KIJAM
Why didn't you say anything?
:.;
•
•
fll«
;;
WJAlRf
~
~
:;;
;;
~
~
:;;
~.""
~
•
~
~
:;;
:;;
.
Penemnhanga ngurlukkirrem.
I(urrngawunyjanmangu?
Buy me a drink.
Reminyma naniyi?
Waj pemengirri ngurlukpu.
Ngurlukpu yintiyi.
"""'''>.
Yinfiyinna ngunyjum.
~
~
Nguwangamanngake.
Nawarram n!npemke nyikankukili
I don't have any.
ngurlukpawurrunnga
we~~ti.
~
~
~y.rvegot nothing to drink.
:::;;
V~'O'~~Bi3liny.pe(nenglrrl ngurlanyaliny.
•
iJiIiIi!!"!!!I
~
~
~
!\Igiyi, reminy ngenayin.
Yeah, I'm thirsty.
I've got nothing.
Ng~'~g(lmannga
My oath!
!\Igiyi, kurmgawunyjanngake,
Give me tobacco .
""
~.'
~
Wentha kapa!
Right on!
Give me a drink.
. ',-,-,,:,
:;;
Are you thirsty?
ngurlul'lukkirrem.
1'1/ get a carton of beer to drink for tonight.
Werlam meraangaiTiny jimpirlcmy ylntiyinha.
Give me a bottle of port.
Gi~~al1otber (drink).
Mana yitja ngurlurlukkirrem.
Givemesorne more.
Let's (you and t) go and have a drink.
A PIlRASEBOOI< OF TilE I<IJA
Marra yarrutja pip yarremnya tany memtapany nawarrany
ngurlurlukkirreny ngurrunkili.
Let's all get a wine cask and go over the!.~ to drink.
Marroma warrkkala yarra.
Wangala ngeme kanyjamperraa yakawarlam. YiiTamningl
tamplImJ kanyjampe. Wangala jaiTakngaiTi ngemepeoo tiyama
thlllngunyngarri ngeme,
He's going mad because of that lousy ganja. We warn him about
that ganja. He talks silly when he smokes it.
Let's dance.
Nylngan pirriman nulunhangoi.
Piyanynhangirri puny yinteta!
She's teasing you.
Come here and kiss me!
Ngayinkany piiTiman nulunhangu jaiajikany.
Punypuny yayingirrij.
Let's (you and [) kiss each other.
Mate, I'm only teasing you.
Tanya kllnyjm nengampumjiningi.
Yitjawanyji ngalngalpawurrunkili punyp ii"lmnr,
How about you and I going to a quiet
He's teasing you.
Janya pirrkawirrka nemenjlningi kunyjuri nemenjiningt
Ngulngangulnga yaringiiTij.
He's winding you up.
Let's (you and [) make love.
Kunyjiri nengapumjini yuwanke nemenjlnl.
Nyikawa purujklrrem yarrufjangani.
Tomorrow, we will all go and have a party.
Kayiwa plIrujkil'l'empi?
Where's the party?
Kunyjil'i oomenhangal yuwarrke nemenhangai.
Quff~-~'
fi''''\'ii~'' ~~1~)
SUI'~
\~
Where's the card game?
Kinyanekili ngakinyin toan.
..~~
In the same place, at my place.
He's flirting with you.
\:Jl(J(:O
Ili
She's flirting with you.
Wingkemangkul Kiiyingen puru) nyeme yuwarmhawum junpam.
Strewth! Now she's doing a raunchy dance.
l£f.l
Nengkerrawan ngurlukkayan parremkili yakawarlany.
Go on! You lot keep drinking that rubbish (if you must).
Yilkuwul'I'iny kul'lTIgapany yilkuwurruk ngurlurluk nginlni,
He's been drinking, now he's feeling sick.
lhulnguny ngeroo tam yilkuwurrum yakawarlam.
He's smoking that lousy ganja t .
t marijuana
::,y U W U R R I Y A N G S M
K I J A M
;
;
;
:.;
;
:.;
;;
:;
Kunyjlrirlganl jengampumnha warimpirri nguny nyinpuwunya.
jimarrawun yilkuwurri nylmpim pirrimanngarl'i nyiyinji.
If you tease that girl in a cheeky way she'll sulk.
She always gets wild when he teases her.
Ngql'l'iW(]rium ngarli nyimpuwunya ngaliwarriny,
JimalTawuk yilkuwurru wumenji pirrimanngarri ngimenya.
Kel'Uk>ngarii nyimpuwunya ngaliwanyfha.
After a while she'll settle down again.
He always gets wild when she teases him.
Kunyjiringarri jengapurnnha wariwumpirri warinypu ngemenji
nguwan ngarliwu nguwirn.
When you tease that bloke in a cheeky way he'll get wild and he
Pangarinywarriny rurriJ perramlyanpiyu.
Two people are swearing at each other.
Mernmel1kalim perap permal1.
The police have arrived.
won't settle down.
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A PllAASEBOOI< OF TilE I<JJA LANGU
VlSHU~ltdS~
Grammatical Note:
Vehicles always seem to be feminine in gender. Spare parts are usually feminine in
gender. However. when people refer to some part of a specific vehicle. the part takes
the neuter gender. just as body parts are neuter.
Menkawul toli nylngongkunul ngurrkojil
kawoyin winyangkili.
I like your car even if it is small.
Tail yakengeli paliungeli yilktwNrrut
Menkawui tal ngulTkajil nyingangkurrul,
That other car behind us is no good.
nyiiamuiiunke,
I like your car, I'll keep it.
Talc paliun nyHjanfekaf nyilawuoonke
Ngelel petowul yakengel warangkan nyitja
ngunkaJiI.
This car is slow; the other car is fast.
>!UWURRIYANGS~
KIJA~
Mamlma WiJI nyeme.
It (the car) goes fast.
-·:tt~~~t:2$f;··
.
y!lkuwu!'n.ll,
That car travelling behind is not running well.
I'm leaving it behind.
~
~
::;
::;:
Kapa naniningiyi ngurrngurrul?
ial ngurmgurrkirrel yilkuwurru wanama. JlntakJntak waanya
What did you do to your car?
kUl'mgakirrem tarn pemperrulunpllngamngiyi oononmm
Ngelel ngurmgurrkalil teperr nyanuwart.
~
~
This car is broken.
::.;
Nguwangarnal ngurrngurrkirrem tam.
~
The car's motor is broken.
~
::;;
..
Yilkuwurru wanama fanyja nyanuwart tamka wiyile.
~
-
TanyJakpu nyuwarrenjl nguwananyji fhep nyimpel1ayangpe
~
wayinikana fanyjak wanama,
The car has a flat tyre.
The tyre is going down. Maybe they didn't put the valve in prop-
:;;
erlyand that's why it has gone down.
~
~
Karninya menkawukpa juwimnha?
:;;
Can you fix it?
:;;
:;.;
:;.;
Nyingan papij janawurran tal ngurrngurrkirrem.
~
~
:.;
~
~
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:;
:;
:.;
:;
You've cooked the engine.
nyeme yllkuwurrul.
The car is no good. It's leaking water from the radiator; and the
water in the radiator is boiling.
Thuwuthupawurrunngake menkawukkirrempi,
I've got no tools to fix it.
Menkawukkcm'i nyulunjl yilkuwul1iny, nguwan menkawuk
nyonemanyji,
The mechanic is useless, he didn't fix it.
Nguwan tan yarrlyan kawamekili yake nhempat yarrewun! Kat
yampirruwurrupja perremka pamanpe!
Look out! Don't go on that blacksoil. we'll get bogged. We must
leave this track.
Klrrij waniyit nguwana wij! yarrlrn,
The car is broken down, we won't go any further.
Kirrij wOl1iyit, nguwana wlji nyimpim. lampl
Kawayin mengerr yarrayaja.
pemperralunpengarringiyi petali ngllwangamal kimJ waniyif.
Oh well, we'll have to push it.
The car won't go any further. It has run out of petrol.
Tarn wiJlkengarr! nyimpel1amenpe yilkuwl.lm.!I, yilkl.lwurrum flak
perrayi.
The car is sick, it has a flat battery.
Ngl.lrlanyaliny yampirrajapirri tarn wurum ngurrngurrkirrempurru,
We need to put some more oil into the engine.
~
TaB ngulTngurrkirrel nyimuk nyimperraylt yilak nyanakawun.
They drowned the car in the creek.
A PIIRASSBOOK OF TlIS KIJA LANGUAGS
Nak nyimpiyanya kurmgapawurrul petelpawum.!I.
Ngenengkayana kat yinfuwurrupyamyu.
We can't go any further, the car has run out of petrol.
Leave us two right here. (Speaking to one
~;~;~·~=r~))
Kaminya meraangarrim rerrkirrem rerr yamfja.
Is there any rope we can pull it with?
Ylntekpany papjinkili.
Take me to the pub. (Speaking to one person).
1//
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t;;;;~;:;:::~~~~j
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Ngurrunkili ylnfekpanyyarriyu mayarunkili mayimpurru.
You take us two to the shop to buy food. (Speaking to one
person).
Nengkerrawanyimperrekthayarre Walkrikyurrung.
You lot take us to Halls Creek.
V
r
person).
Ngenengka parrenhayarre mamperre.
You lot wait here for us.
Kaminya mayipanngake muniurf yinfekpany taankill. ngakenyji
kangkayi jalungumny jumanykarrany.
Can you take me home? I've got food. Please, my beautiful
kangka.
Ngarakkam jinpimnha miriimirlim perraa peniyinha
nawmrampim, tangempi perrawa pimpirrilpeyuwu ngarrkaiem
kilyingem ruyuiampuiTU.
You write that letter and send it to the bosses, then they'll send us
money for a new four-wheel drive.
YUWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
:;
;;
=
~OV1S
:;
:;
~
:;
;;
:;
I;
I;
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laing and liking. and feeling good about things is often expressed in terms of a good feeling in the belly. If you like someone they give you a good feeling in the belly. You will notice
I:
==
many references to jaam (belly).
When you are fond of someone you might say:
A PllRASSBOOK OF TIIS KIJA LANGUAcGS.:,
you are talking about a woman you are fond of you might say:
If there is more than one woman you are fond of you might say:
When you are talking about a man you are fond of you might say:
I
I
;
When you are talking about someone else who is in love you might say:
;
;
;
;
;
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"
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~
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:;
:;;
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When relationships break down you might say:
;;
iIiI!I!!I
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Jaawal talc langkumul.
I'
B8tH. PIUICMAH!
Tal ngalil jaokil.
That woman is pregnant.
I
I
Jaam naworrawu nyitja.
Her belly is getting bigger.
I
NgurruJi yakengempirri kamkim wethet
I
pinplyinya jangatam.
She's going to have a baby next month. '.'
I
;;
11
I
I
11
11
(~~.:~
Thomany!1 ngakenyil wethet penayitja
jangatam.
My cousin had a baby.
wethet penayit.
Ngiyi, ngalii,
Yes, she had a little girl (lit: a woman).
Marlimpal nyanemanyo.
She had a baby girl.
Jiyilinyma nginimonya?
I
Did she have a little boy?
I
Ngiyi, jiyillny.
I
11
11
;I
SAVIM@ A BABY
Yes, a little boy (lit: a man).
Marlimpooy nginimanya.
She had a baby boy.
A PHRASEBOOI< OF THE I<IJA LANGUAGj;.'
!BRMS 'OR
CdlLDRSN
Kariumpupany nginiwartjl.
Kaya nyanuwartja?
A baby boy was born.
Where was she born?
Kananypel nyanuwarija.
Wuspitale Walkrikjin nyanuwarija.
She was born in the hospital in Halls Creek.
A baby girl was born.
::VUWURRIVANGEM
J<IJAM
:;J
::;;
=-=m
Kayioonuwaria nyingan?
Where were you born?
Ngayin ngenawarlke warlarrin
ngamungamungun.
I was born under a white gum tree a long time
ago.
:a
:;a
=ilIiIiI!!!!!!!I
~
••
•
-~
~
~
~
Jirrayammaningi tampl winyanyangkempi
tany mariimpany?
Mungurrma pimmiyanpenunguwa tany
marlirnpany?
Are the other kids good with the newborn
Are they jealous of that little boy?
baby?
Ngiyi, jlrrayamkill. Puruj kurrlyinpe puny
ngumlinpe wantawantaj ngurrumenpe
ngumllnpu panyjale.
tR8· NSW80RK 8A8Y
Nguwan, melakawuya wantawantaj
ngurrumenpe waj pirringirriyan wanfajkirrempio
No, they all take it in turns carrying him around.
Yes, they are alright. They play with him, they
kiss him, they carry him around and they put
him down on the blanket.
..
~
~
~
i!iIII!!!I!I!iI
~
.•
=. .. ,.
· .<~.:
Tany wanyakuwarrany paampaampuny.
ThaMittle baby is fat.
Winyangkil tal kumtukai nawarrawu nyitja,
marrama kerarrpal, kirliwanyjl nyimplm,
N~awuwumenjl kumtukany tany.
That little girl is getting bigger; she's already
Hejs~ingbig.
crawling, she might be walking soon.
.stTIM8 81••Sa
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A PIlRASEBOOIC OF TilE KIJA
LAN:GctlA'''~:
_~~n
'tYll.,THS BABY
Yangurrapirri penamanya minngempi?
Who does she look like? (lit: Who did she get
that face from?)
Mlrmgem tal kurakalngiyi penamanya.
She looks like her mother. (lit: She got her face
from her mother).
Ngapukanyni mirmgem tal penamanyani.
Penamanyjingiyi milTngem kuraka!
winyangkiny.
He looks like his mother. (lit: He got his face
from his mother).
Mirmgem penamanyji ngapukanynlngi.
He looks like his father. (lit: He got his face from
his father).
She looks like her father. (lit: She has the face of
iumukaliny nglnyjiny kurakalngiya
her father).
penamooyji.
He's got a lot of hair; he got it from his mother.
YangurrapilTi penamanyji mirmgempi?
Who does he look like?
Tumupawumny ngapukany penamanyjini
iumum.
He's got no hair; he takes after his father.
Asking about someone's age in Kija is difficult since traditionally Kija people only had num-
TALIUaG ABQUT Aes
bers from one to three. Beyond that people spoke of many or a lot. Many older people
don't know their ages as few records were kept of the births of Aboriginal babies. It is possible to ask the age of young children especially if they are three years old or less, byasking when they were born. Kija expresses months in terms of moons and years in terms of rains
(wet seasons).
L$'7"'
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:::YUWURRIYANGSM
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I<IJAM
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Kayikana nginiwaffji tany kumtukany?
Kayikanangiyiwa nyanuwaffja ngelel?
When was he born?
When was she born?
Wiyinanuwa merrkernpe jawurranype
Jirrawukumngiya jatam perrema
nginiwartjingarri.
He was born three months ago.
yarrunyangarripifii.
She is one year old.
Perrem yakengem yampirrimnyangarri
merrkern wirnpenanuwa jatampl.
Yarrunyangarripini Ill··
ngelel.
Next year he will be three years old.
Jangatany tany ngamunguny nginlwaffjlngarrl
Nyanuwaffjangarri y(lk.n~mpini
pangal'iny jafawarriny.
That little boy was born two years ago.
karnkim.
She was born three months<H6~.
Wanyangkiny nginyjiny jumui'lunhamangake
Piri piyanynhanungu warrkampe kenljkarri
warrkarnpanngake?
Can you look after my little boy? I have to
juwijtha pipa pumanho.
Come back here for him when you've finished
work.
working and pick him up.
Memtam yintiyinhcmungu nentemkenungu tam
11
NgiWinjimaningki?
Can he stay with you?
:;I
NgiYitngeriiyinngim ngenengka.
m
ID
;;
11
:I
11
:I
11
11
Yes.~thim stay here
with me.
OfMSR
U~S'UL
TRINGS
TO ~AY
nunfajkeni jaanim nakajam.
Give me some money. I want to get a nappy
I can put on this little boy.
Piyany wuraJ nyunykala puma.
Come here and blow your nose.
A PHAASEBOOK 01' THE lUJA LAl!I~UAl;l""
J1SA~OU~RN~~
1F![~HtRN~. ~
..
HUM~U~
CUllural Notes:
JeaJousing (from the Kriol jelaj;m) is to give someone a hard time through jealousy. This may
include threats. intimidation. verbal abuse or even violence. Jealousing therefore is more
than merely being jealous of s.omeone or something. The implication is that the jealouser
is going to do something about it so you had better watch out!
A humbug (as used in the Kimbefley) is a person who is persistently annoying or provoking.
a pain in the neck. 10 humbug someone is to hassle them or wear them down until you get
what you desire from them. You might humbug somebody for money. a lift. a drink. tobacco. sex or even a fight.
!lUMaV$
Wongkalike ylnamoolia.
Nyingan kmgkerrke yinamenha.
You're exhausting me.
You make me angry.
Nakpiyma!
Shut up and go away!
KangkOO'ke ~moolia.
You make him/her angry.
Nguwon nimpiyoohangake.
Nyingan yiilruwumAkpl ylnamenha wmgalakpi
Don't humbug me.
yioomenoo.
YallJke yinamenlia.
You are making me tired.
MalTa piyoll!
Go away!
(Y Q W Q ~ R I Y A
N GEM
I< I J A M
You drive me mad.
Kat yintuwurrup ngayiwamny!
Kat yinfuwuiTUp ngayiwanytha!
Leave me alone!
I
I
I
I
;;
Nguwan maj yinpimnha.
Nguwan waiaji yinperta, nyungkayapanngu.
Don't touch me.
Don't put the hard word on me, you are
Nylngangkurrum karajpe mai'lam
alright, you've already got someone.
/;z.:::·Y~;:'::~',"\
penamurlunha.
You keep your hands to yourself.
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Yurru! Tanyaningki jiyiiiny mungurr nemenjin!ngi
iemtem ngeme.
Mungufr ngeme.
ngulngakalnguyu jarrakkam nemengiyi.
Look out! That bloke is jealousing you for talking
He's jealous.
Temtem nyemengake.
to his girlfriend.
She's jealousing me.
Tanya temtem ngemenguyu lingalinga ngeme
Temtem nyemengake Jarrakngarri
nyitjawanyjiningi yakenginy jiyiliny.
He's jealous of her because he thinks she's
ngenamnlngki.
She's jealousing me for talking to you.
Ngumny mungurr ngenamenjinungkl.lwa
nyingannunglruwa.
He's jealousing me because of you.
Nggrij"Yllgurruri ngeniyinji nyingannungkuw(l.
m(Jd'QSing me because of you. (He's
behind my back.)
"'SALOUStN.
going around with another man.
Nguwan jaampirri yinpimnha nguwanijiyan.
Stop jealousing me. (lit: Stop getting me with
your bellyt.)
Ngayiwarriny ngenanke.
i\lgayiwanytha ngenanke.
I'm minding my own business. (lit: I'm staying
by myself.)
l~q~mm~~cause of you.
A PIlRASSBOOl< OF THS l<IJA I.ANGtf:;A:1ii1t
Mcmarna thetpany niwike.
Jalmunk nimplyinhangu.
I'll belt him.
I'll smash you.
NginpiJiwanyji.
He might hit me.
1'awarr nglnpiji.
He will hit me.
Penyek piyl mirrngem!
NgankeRe jalmulTk nimpiyinhangu,
I'll smash your jaw.
MaiTama kat paiTUwurrumijju!
You two, break it up!
Yangurra tawaiT nimperraylthapuiTU?
Punch his/her face in!
Who hit you?
Jikilinngu yiikuwuiTUnngu.
Nylngan ngalipanhawunngu.
Nyingan yakumnhawunngungu,
You're horrible.
Nguwan tek ninamangke wayinijarrany
jikilinngu.
I've never seen a man as ugly as you.
Nguwan tek nyilamangke wayinijal
You're a liar.
Yakum nerne ngarlipa neme,
You're speaking rubbish.
You're lying.
ylllruwuiTUnngungu juwarrijai.
I've never seen a woman as ugly as you.
Yilkuwummngungu kungkulum!
Nyingan ngal1pen nita nhuwulungu!
Wangala neme.
You stink!
Wangaianngu.
Idiot!
You're mad.
yuwtilllllYANGSM
I<IJAM
;
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B
WUH$~Al1~
•
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I
;
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;
;
Kernkak nginiwari.
Janinungu kangkakai maffama kernkak
He died.
I
Marrarn kat yinawurrurfyuwu.
nyanuwariJa.
Johnny's grandmother passed on.
;
I
;
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;
;;
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I
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11
;)
~
He's gone and left us.
Tany! jirrawukuny partunguny
ngininiyinteperrawa.
He was the last one of that family.
MQrram nyanuwart.
She died.
RangI<Gma:junayinha? Marram wethet yirrayiji
k1IiCogk_al.
....
.
DiqvoUhearabout her grandmother? We lost
iVluiulYU ngenam rangka nyiianyke tal wild!
nyingangkurrul kemkakngarri nyanuwartja.
I'm sorry to hear that your daughter passed
away.
Mereiekpel mulurru ngenamnguyu.
Poor thing, I feel sorry for her.
Merelekpiny mulurru ngenamnungu kakampi.
Poor thing, I feel sorry for him.
Tek ngenamnguyu wayikuk ngenawurrurt.
Tek ngenarnnguyu karajpe wayikuk
M.~~JJrI'aY(lnyjtyilak jilan.
ngenawurruri piya ngenamnguyu.
She died and left me behind; I look around for
her but she's gone. (I miss her.)
Tek ngenamnungu wayikuk ngenawurrun piya
Kayakili nyimperriyajpe rupayum.m9
ngenarnnungu.
I look around for him but he's gone.
kwfkunkili?
Where are they going to bury her?
I miss him.
Kaman ngeoomnungu.
Mma hi janewarenya ngalewamny.
Mal1'a filet nyanuwartJa ngalewanyfha.
I miss him.
She killed herself.
MUfikampirri nyimperrcylfpe.
kiniwaenji nhawuwmrif!Y·
lhet nglniwadjl nhawuwanvtha.
She had et car accident.
Kapukana nyimpemyajpetupankili
kurtkuyutrung?
When is her funeral?
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He killed himself.
;;
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11
;[I
:;
:I
;;
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:I
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:;
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Karninya ngarrkalem?
Have you any money?
Yintiyinha ngalTkaiem,
NgaITkaiem waj pemengim.
NgalTkalempi junamurlunhama'?
Give me money.
Have you got any money?
Wamarram waJkal'l'i nunayifkeningki nguwana
wa; junayifhanginlo
Ngamwaium waj runpemkeningkl.
Kef<:ikwaj runpemiceningld.
I'Ugiveyou some later on.
J~rlunhama
Ngamungum wajngam nunayitkeningki
nguwan pili yinayitha i<anafl'am.
I gave you money before and you haven't
kaminya ngarrkalem
ti'tlcnmooev have you got?
given it back again.
Nguwangamanngake kifl'ij yinamanha,
I've got nothing, you've cleaned me out.
A PHRASSBOOK OF THS I(lJA
t.AIiIGlIAG~
.Perrem kanarram kumak peniyinha ~k(.1YUmJng.
.Nawal1am ngmkalem nguwan wanyakim .
Cash this cheque. (lit: Take this cheqj.J~/!arge note and exchange
It's too expensive.
it for indiv1dual notes).
Naw~m: pE:)l'remkimjpu pi~yan:e'ngartkmem.
;.~ef:~lll ~qn(:ll'l'~m;pe~ekpc:mYI1SJ(lke"ng~~Ii.,pirivruwa
Ifs expensive-it will take all our money.
:penayinha merlk~maw~j:pir:pijiningkj,
.l<ilfijpe~tom. ngarlkatem nawarronhawum.
Go over there, cash. my cheque and then;brifW me.back the
It's always expensive.
.money.
Kapungerreka w(lj nunpe!l\kening~;~f~~?
How much do I owe you?
!,apuoge"ekapelTempwru·ngal'l'.k~em?
How much doe,s;this cost?
U.~.'~YI~'~.
K1.f~
:'l{ominyoyokengol1'om;jaiW1Qurrum men!<awumma'kamiflya?
Is. there anything on special?
pie will tell you that Kija is a difficult language to learn. While in some ways this is true,
a little understanding about how Kija puts words together will enable you to say many
things. This section has been included to assist learners to come up with new phrases and
sentences of their own.
MA~eULINS~ 'SMININS~
NOW lr<RJA
lPUf~
WO~D
fO!l1Sfml1S~
NStJTSR ANP PLUltAL
In English there are some words such as prince, father. and stallion that talk about males so
are clearly masculine. Other words such as princess, mother and mare talk about females
so are clearly feminine. Other words such as person and horse are neither masculine nor
feminine. We call them neuter. That is, we can't tell whether the person or the horse in question is male or female. When we say a word is masculine, feminine or neuter we are talking
about the gender of the word. In English only a few words have masculine and feminine
genders. By contrast, most words in Kija have gender distinctions.
Words that name things such as rocks, flowers and trees are called nouns. The names for
abstract concepts such as hope, love and hunger and the names for imaginary or mystical
things such as devils and spirits are also nouns. In Kija all nouns have gender, that is to say
they are either masculine, feminine or neuter. Nouns such as jiyiliny (man) and nyakanyjl
(uncle) are clearly referring to males and are hence masculine in gender. Nouns such as
ngal;1 (woman) and kawangel (aunt) are clearly referring to females and are hence feminine in gender. Things that are not obviously male or female still have a gender but you
have to learn the gender for each word. ego the Fork-tailed Kite kanjaljl is masculine and
the echidna kemanyjel is feminine.
Gender in Kija is shown by suffixes in much the same way as in English where the -ess on the
end of princess tells us the word is feminine.
Words such as red. hungry and dangerous describe a noun or give extra information about
a noun. These words are called adjectives. In Kija, adjectives have the same gender as the
nouns they describe (they agree with the noun).
~~A%
A PIlRASSBOOK OF TIlS KIJA LAM/HlllGS"
Words like this and that are called demonstratives. Like adjectives, Kija demonstratives
agree in gender with the noun to which they refer.
Here is an example of gender in a sentence showing how a demonstrative, an adjective
and a noun all agree.
Nginyjiny
jarlpummy
jiyiliny.
this (dem)(m)
blind (adj)(m)
man (noun)(m)
This man is blind.
Adjectives and nouns do not have to be in any special order relative to each other. They
don't even have to be next to each other as they do in English.
Jiyiliny
partarl
man (noun)(m) fall down
nginiwaftji
jaripum.lny.
he fell
blind (adj)(m)
The blind man fell down.
Kija has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Suffixes attached to the ends of
nouns to show their gender. Because adjectives agree in gender with the nouns they
describe, they take the same gender suffix. Most nouns and adjectives end in a vowel (0, 9;
5, u). Those that are masculine take the ~ny suffix. Those that are feminine take the -8 suffix.
Those that are neuter take the ~m suffix.
MAseULtNS
FSMtN1MB
NStJYBR
jiyili-ny
ngalH
marla~m
man (noun)-m
woman (nounl-f
hand (noun)-n
man
woman
hand
jiyilH'IY
yaa1epa-ny
ngalH
yortepa-I
mculaQm
nOWOlTa-ffi
man (noun)-m
intelligent (adjl-m
woman (noun)-f
intelligent (adjl-f
hand (noun)-n
large (adj}-n
intelligent man
intelligent woman
large hand
jula-ny
wariwu-ny
ngurmgurrkil're-I wiJikale-1
wupunge-m moyl-m
dog (noun)-m
aggressive (adp-m
car (noun)-f
cooked (adj)-n
aggressive male dog
YUWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
fast car
good runner (adj}-f
cooked food
foOO- (noun)-n
:I
;;
Some nouns and adjectives end in a consonant (j. k. I. ly. m. n. ng. nh. ny. p. r. rI. m.
:a
th.
-
w.
If.
11. t.
y). Suffixes are usually added to show the gender. Those that are masculine take
-ji, those that are feminine take -si or -if!".
M
~
FSMltUNS
MAseULINB
~
•
••
""!I!I!I!
:;
:;
••
kcmjaHi
kultanykultany-ei
fork-tailed kite (noun)-m
Northern RoseUa (noun)-t
fork-tailed kite
Northern Rosel/a
thamany-ji
thamany-iI
grandfather t /cousin (noun)-m
mother's father's sister/cousin (noun)-f
maternal grandfather. male cousin t
mother's father's sister. female cousin t
::;
iangkenRji
Maakaret-ei
Duncan (noun)-m
Margaret (noun)-f
:;
:;
:;
Duncan
Margaret
The situation is alittle more complicated for neuter nouns and adjectives that end in consonants. Those that end in I sounds (I. Iyand rf) and r sounds (r and
if)
take the suffix -e.
:;
tinyjil-e
yanterr-e
ngankerr~e
navel (noun)-n
finger nail (noun)-n
jaw (noun)-n
iI!fi!!'
!!il
~.
navel
finger nail
jaw
;:
;;
11
'!'I!!!!I
N
Neuter nouns and adjectives that end in any of the other consonants (j. k. m. n. ng. nh. ny.
P. m,.•d.t th. w or y) take the suffix ~pe or ~pU§.
karaJ-pe
ylnginy·pe
ash(noun)-n
body (noun)-n
name (noun)-n
ash
body
name
::I
'!'I!!!!I.
t The suffixes ·il and '411 are interchangeable. either form can be found on some words.
~
t see Table otKin Terms.
~
§ The suffixes -pe and -pu are interchangeable. Either form can be found on some words.
•
Remember that adjectives agree in gender with the nouns they describe and they take the
appropriate suffix for the same gender. When a noun ends in a consonant and an adjective ends in a vowel (or vice versa) they still agree in gender although they take different
endings.
yampil-ji
mal1ukCNlY
slow (adj}-m
old man (noun)-m
. slow old man
ngakeny-el
jalajH
my (adj}-f
friend (noun)-f
my friend, my girlfriend
panan-pe
meraangamsM
road (noun)-n
long (adj}-n
long road
kerewuHi~
naWalTa-M
egg (noun)-n
big (adj}-n
big egg
So we have three gender suffixes each of which has different forms depending on the ending of the word. Thus:
The masculine suffix is ~ny after a vowel and ojl after a consonant;
The feminine suffix is -I after a vowel and either -el or ·11 after a consonant;
The neuter/plural suffix is ·m after a vowel,
-6 after I sounds (I. Iy and 1'1) and f sounds (I' and ff)
and either -pe or ~pu after other consonants.
We call this last suffix (-m/-e/-pe/-pu) neuter/plural because nouns and adjectives which
are plural (more than one) also take this suffix.
1< 1 J A III
NaU!BR A.ND PLURAL
Neuter nouns all take the neuter/plural gender suffix. All body parts are neuter.
jaa~m
....................... belly
kerlalpa-m ............... thigh
finyjil-e .....................navel
murlu-m ...................... eye
karaj-pe ...................... body
:::;,
=-..
~
...
~
~
••
.•...
Body parts are not the only nouns that are neuter. Non-countable nouns such as water. milk.
tea and tobacco are also neuter. Most non-countable nouns are nouns that in English can
go with the word some ego some water or some milk.
kurmga-m ................ water. beer. wine
nalija-m ................... tea
kawum-pe ............... ash
kamu-m ...................... milk
ngunyju-m .................. tobacco
Plural (more than one) nouns and adjectives take exactly the same suffix: -m after a vowel.
I and r sounds and
their gender in the singular.
-6 after
~pe
or -pu after other consonants. This happens regardless of
...•......
,..
~
•
::;
::;
~
....
~
~
~
~
..
~iNel1LA~
wanyaki-ny
jiyili-ny
small (adP-m
man (noun)-m
PtdlRAL
~
small man
wanyaki-m
Jiyile-m
small (adP-pi
man (noun)-pl
small men
+
wanyakH
thamcmysil
small (adP-f
mother's father's sister/cousin (noun)-f
young female cousin
jirrawuku-m
murlu-m wanyaki-m
one (adj}-n
eye (noun)-n small (adP-n
wanyaki-m
thamony-pu
small (adj)-pl
mother's father's sister/cousin (noun)-pl
young cousins
+
one small eye
melakawu-m wcmyakl-m muriu-m
many (adp-pi
small (adj)-pl
eye (noun)-pl
many small eyes
~
:;;
;;
#I
S0n"lenOUl:)sare reduplicated (doubled) or partly reduplicated in the plural (more than
two)Ondtakethe neuter/plural suffix as well.
A PIlRASEBOOl< OF THE l<IJA LANGU.AGl>
ngoli-!
woman (noun)-f
.
women (noun)-pl
women
woman
wanyaki-ny
ngalingall-m
.iJ;
wanycmyoki§m
little boy (noun)-m
little boys (noun)-pl
.little boy
children
Something to watch out for:
The gender suffix is often dropped when Kija words are borrowed into Kriol or English.
Have you got any ngunyju?
Have you got any tobacco?
The same word in the equivalent Kija sentence would normally take the neuter/plural
suffix -m.
Kaminya ngunyju-m?
is there any
tobacco-n
Have you got any tobacco?
It is important to realise this because if you ask someone (in English or KrioO for the Kija name
for something, the answer may well be lacking the appropriate gender suffix.
For tobacco, we say ngunyju.
SONS
SA~Y
SSHTSNeSS
Having understood nouns and adjectives you can easily make short sentences. In Kija, an
adjective with its gender suffix and a demonstrative can be a full sentence.
I\Igelel
kuminya-I.
this (t)
hungry (adj}-f
She is hungry.
Nginyjiny nawarra-nyo
this (m)
He is big.
YUWURRIYANGEM
i<IJAM
big (adjl-m
•
•
•,•,•
This is how you can use any adjective or noun to talk about yourself:
Ngayin
::I
jirraya-n-nga.
alright (adj}-N-I am
I'm alright.
11
•
Ngayin
kuminya-n-ngake.
hungry (adj}-N-I am
I'm hungry.
Ngayin
jiyili-n-nga.
I
man (noun)-N-I am
I'm a man.
These sentences have been made by adding -nt (which replaces the gender suffix) plus
-nga which. in this case. means I am. There is also a long form of -ngo which is -ngoke. Both
forms are correct. In fact it is not even necessary to use Ngayin (I). One word with its suffixes carries the whole meaning.
Jirraya-n-nga.
alright (adj}-N-I am
I am alright.
to say something about the person you are speaking to. instead of -ngo or
on. put -ngu or -ngungu which. in this kind of sentence. mean you are. The
rl~itlh
.' have th e same meaning:
.
.:);";ipsent ences
..............
R~~after the
..
you (1)
good (adj}-N-you (1) are
You are good.
11
:::I
=:I
;;
the word. It merely replaces the gender suffix and allows
A PHRASEBOOI< OF THE I<IJA
If you want to talk about you and /, you need to put -yayl after the -n.ln this case, -yayl
means you and / are.
Jirraya-n-yayi.
alrtght (adiJ-N-yau and I are
You and / are a/right.
The elements -yayl, -nga and -ngu are not real.ly full words. They must attach to other Kija
words to tell who is being referred to. Linguists call these pronoun c1itics.
'.CON
P.ONOUW CLl'rICt
nm
eIJlflC itSKltE: to:
-nga/-ngake . ...................... me
-yayi ............................. me and you
-yuwu/ -YUWUffU . ................... me and my mob (not including you)
-YO"6 ............................. all of us (including you)
-ngu/-ngungu . ..................... you (just one)
-nungku/nungkuffU. ................. you lot (two or more)
Any adjective or noun can be turned into a statement by replacing the gender suffix with
-n and then following it with one of the above clitics.
Kuminya-n-yarr9,
hungry (adj}-N-all of us are
We are all hungry.
Yanepa-n-ngungu.
intelligent (adj}-N-you (1) are
You are intelligent.
Nguwan wanyaki-n-yuwu,
not
child (noun)-N-we (not including you) are
We are not children.
YUWURRIYANGSf,l
l<IJAM
t In other constructions these particular pronoun clitics tend to mean: for me. for me and you. for me and my mob. etc.
For this reason they have been referred to as 8enefactive Pronoun clitics (Kofod: 1996. p.69)
I
I
I
I
These sfatements can be turned into questions very easily. Simply put the questionforming -ma after the -11.
I
:1
I
:I
:I
I
I
I
I
+
Kurninya-n-ngu.
Kuminya-n-ma-ngu?
hungry (adj}-N-you (1) are
hungry (adj}-N-qu-you (1) are
You are hungry.
Are you hungry?
Kurninya~n-nungku.
+
Kurninya-n-ma-nungku?
hungry (adj}-N-you (more than 1) are
hungry (adj}-N-qu-you (more than 1) are
You lot are hungry.
Are you lot hungry?
The question-forming -ma can be used in a lot of places. Here are two more examples:
+
Nginyjiny ngakenyji
this
Nginyjiny-mC ngakenyji?
this-qu
my
my
Is this mine?
This is mine.
+
Ngiyi
!\!giyi-ma?
yes/right
yes/right-qu
That's right.
Is that right?
.'
tCh~::,
VSiUSS
;;
Take the English sentence: The man went to the east. The word went is a verb. Verbs can be
I
very complicated. While this is true you should not be put off. By learning just a little about
;;
:;
;
verbs you will quickly recognise what actions people are talking about. However. more
~
•
I
.
;/:/m.......<::~".':~:;
thought of as action or doing words. Learners of Kija may have heard that the verbs are
study will be needed to understand who is doing the action.
In Kija the above sentence would look like this:
Jiyiliny
nginiyin
ngelakurluff.
man
he went
to the east
The man went to the east.
This verb is called an inflecting verb because it changes (inflects) according to who is
involved and when the event takes place. It carries the information about the gender of
~':',.
",
N
.: .•..• :~~••.
"'::::::~;;;::'W'1;::
A PIlRASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGE
those participating in the action. Nginiyin (he went) tells us that the person was male. It also
tells us about the timing of the event. Nginiyin tells us that the action has already taken
place-that he already went.
Here are nine forms of the verb to go showing how it changes (inflects) depending on who
is going and when they go.
'U'fUtU~
P1UU}SNf ACTION
PAt:f ACTION
ACTi.ON
id
he
nginiyin
he went
ngitji
he goes
ngiwiyan
he will go
I
ngenayln
1went
ngenai1ke
Igo
nginpiyan
1will go
she
nyaniylnya
she went
nyitJa
she goes
nylmplyanya
she will go
The inflecting verb changes to agree with the gender of the nouns in the sentence. In this
way the verb tells you who is doing the action and sometimes to whom it is being done.
Note that in the next two sentences hand takes the neuter/plural suffix because is a body
part.
Jiyili-ny nyanemurlaartjl
mariam
nguingakcHo
man-m
hand (n)
his spouse-f
m held f(iv)
The man held his wife's hand.
Ngali-I
ngumurlunya
marlam
ngulngaka~ny.
woman-f
f is holding m (iv)
hand (n)
her spouse-m
The woman holds her husband's hand.
Take the English sentence: The man ran to the east. The equivalent sentence in Kija looks
like this:
Jiyiliny
wlji nginiyin ngelakurlui'f.
man
run
he went
The man ran to the east.
YUWURR1YANGSM
KIJAM
to the east
:;
;;
:I
same inflecting verb as in the first example. The coverb. wiji. tells you what the action is (eg.
~
running). Meanwhile the inflecting verb nginiyin (he went) tells us that the person was male
i!i!il
;;
=
In the Kija sentence the verb consists of two parts: wlji (run) and nginiyin (he went). The first
part wiji is a coverb and the second part nginiyin is the inflecting verb. Note that it is the
and that the action has already taken place-that he already ran. Two-part verbs like this
consist of a coverb followed by the inflecting verb. We call them complex verbs. One-part
verbs like nginiyin in the first example are sometimes called simple verbs because they consist of just the inflecting verb and have no coverb.
IiIi'I!l!i
IiIi!I!i!I
:;
A sentence with a simple verb:
,.
~
:;
z
-
Nhawun
penamanyji
kurmgam.
He
he got it/some (iv)
water
He got some water.
A sentence with a complex verb:
:;
Nhawun
pip
penamanyjl
kariakpu.
he
pick up (cov)
he got it/some (iv)
billycan
He picked up the billy can.
@ il
Here are nine forms of the complex verb to run showing how the inflecting verb (the sec-
-
ond word) changes depending on who does the running and when it takes place. Notice
==
that the coverb stays the same in all nine examples.
~
;;
;;
PAQT ACtION
he
I
wiji nginiyin
run
he went
wiji ngitjl
run
he goes
FUTuas ACTHlN
wiji ngiwiyon
run
he will go
heron
he runs
he will run
wiji ngenayin
wijl ngenartke
wij! nginpiyon
run
I went
nyoniyinya
run
run
I go
she went
she ran
wiji nyitjo
run
run
I will go
I will run
I run
I ran
she
PlllU:SNT ACTION
she goes
she runs
wiji nyimpiyanyo
run
she will go
she will run
A PllAASSBOOK OF TIIS KIJA
Coverbs do not contain information about who is doing the action, when or to whom. The
form of the coverb stays pretty much the same. For this reason, if you know a few coverbs
you will often have a fair idea of what people are talking about. They are easy to learn.
Some useful coverbs to know:
jarrak ........................speak
)al1g .......................... eat
waj ............................give
kirli ............................ walk
kat ............................ Ieave someone/something
pUfUj .........................play
kirrij ........................... finish
rangka ...................... listen, hear
ngurluk ..................... drink
pinarrik ..................... teach
wiji ............................. run
ngalipa ..................... tel/lies
that ............................ hit kill
Most Kriol speakers who have a Kija background will know and use many of these words
when speaking Kriol. This example is Kriol with two Kija coverbs.
Tuba/a bin ngurlukbat, rubala bin thet mijelp.
Two people were drinking and they started to hit each other.
Once you know a few coverbs. you should be able to pick them out in a Kija sentence even
though you may not be able to understand the whole sentence. You should be able to
g
If~
~ li; ::
work out that the next sentence (which is the Kija version of the above) has something to
do with drinking and fighting.
Ngurlukngaffi pefrooiyu thet peffawarenplyu pangalinywamny.
Two people were drinking and they started to hit each other.
The coverb gives a more specific meaning to the general meaning of "the inflecting verb.
By learning just a few inflecting verbs you can say many more things by putting different
coverbs in front of them. The inflecting verb nginini is used in the following six expressions:
nginlni . ....................... he said. he did (it)
rangica nglnlnl . ................ he listened
11
;;
wiji nginin;. .................... he ran
kirll nginin; .................... he walked
11
•
11
11
a
III
11
ngalipa fig;n;ni ................ he lied
jang ngin/nff ................... he ate
Coverbs are often reduplicated (doubled). This usually means that the action was taking
place over an extended period of.time.
jalfak ........................ talk
+
jarrakjarrak ........ be talking, be telling stories
jang .......................... eat
~
jangjang ............ be eating
Some coverbs are only partly reduplicated.
ngurluk ..................... drink
+
ngurlurluk ........... be drinking
11
=~
~
11
~
~
FASt SpaaeM
'O~MS
0' eOMPLSX
VS~BS
A change in the form of complex verbs occurs when Kija speakers talk quickly. If you don't
expect it you might not recognise the verb.
+
tek tanemanhangu
I saw you (1)
~
jarrak jeme
she speaks
+
puruj kinin!
he played
Ex 1
tek nanemanhangu
I saw you (1)
fast speech
Ex 2
jarrok nyeroo
she speaks
fast speech
Ex 3
puruj ngin!n!
he played
fast speech
I!IiI!!!!I
~
•
There are some simple rules that explain the change. It happens when inflecting verbs follow coverbs that end in a stop consonant(p, j,
n nyor ng it changes to begin with
t.
th, kor m.lf the inflecting verb begins with
t, j or le respectively. If you suspect that a Kija speaker
A PIlRASflBOOl< OF Tilt:· 1<IJA loA'l!i'~!tt!~!i$'}
has given you a fast speech form of a verb but you are not sure, ask them to repeat the
verb slowly and they will probably give you the slow speech form.
Note:
Some Kija speakers use the fast speech forms more than others.
The phrases in this book contain a mixture of fast speech and slow speech forms of complex verbs. This is because the phrases were recorded on audio tape from Kija speakers who
used both forms.
MAl<:iN.
Qt.nu:tu:nu:
Statements with verbs can be made into questions by adding the question-forming ~ma suffix to the inflecting verb in simple verbs and to the coverb in complex verbs.
Juncmynha miyalem.
~
Junanynha-ma miyalem?
you (1) brought it meat
you (1) brought it-qu
You brought meat.
Did you bring meat?
Jang
eat
nanini.
~
you (1) did it
meat
Jang-ma
nanini?
eat-qu
you (1) did it
Did you eat?
You ate.
When the coverb ends in a stop consonant (p, j, t, th, le or d) the form of the quesfionforming suffix is -po.
Ngurluk
drink
You drank.
YUWURRIYANGSM
I<IJAM
nanini.
you (1) did it
~
Ngurluk-pa
nan!ni?
drtnk-qu
you (1) did it
Did you drink?
::I
==-;;
=-=11
11
=-::I
•
•
••
••
••
Farrer, J. and Wrigley. M. 1990. Kija Phrasebook. Kimberley Language Resource Centre.
Halls Creek.
Introduction to Kija Language. 1996. Kimberley Language Resource Centre. Halls Creek.
~R~~llO(f9~j~J~Ji'i!i
Kofod. F. 1994. Transitivity and Definiteness in Jarragan Languages. Paper presented to
Australian Linguistic Society. Melbourne.
-1995. Miriwoong and Gija Speech Verbs. Paper presented to Top End
Linguistic Circle. Darwin. NT.
-1996. Introduction to Kija Grammar. in possession of KLRC. Halls Creek, WA.
-1997, Middle Verbs in Jarragan Languages, Paper presented to Top End
Linguistic Circle, Darwin, NT.
-1998. Gender and Number in Jarragan Languages, Paper presented to Top End
Linguistic Circle, Darwin, NT.
Kofod, F & McConvell, P. Kija Dictionary, Unpublished ms, nd.
McConvell, P. c1981, Kija Verbs, Unpublished ms.
McConvell, P. et 01. 1986, Kija Sounds and Spelling, Kimberley Educational Printing Service.
•
......
•
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~
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.
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. ......
,<. :-...
~
A PHRASEBOOK OF THE KIJA
&~J!a$
(Q)JP
RN
their various meanings. There are terms of address (terms you use when you are talking to
someone) and terms of reference (terms you use when you are talking about someone).
Note that sometimes there are also differing terms for the same relationship depending on
$f(M~
AI)I)RS~S
These kin terms don't translate directly into English so the most common ones are listed with
whether a male or female is speakingt.
I1tSJrSI1tSNCS 'fSRM
'l'SI1tM
aSLA'fiONSdiP
kurayi ....................... kural ........................ mother, mother's sister
ngapu ...................... ngapuny ..................... father
ngapayi ..................... ngapuny ..................... father's brother
ngaji ........................ ngajil ........................ sister, female cross-cousin (mother's brother's daughter,
father's sister's daughter)
female straight-cousin (mother's sister's daughter, father's
brother's daughter)
ngaji ........................ ngajiny ...................... brother, male cross-cousin (mother's brother's son, father's
sister's son)
male straight-cousin (mother's sisters's son, father's brother's
son)
pulungu ..................... pulungul ..................... older sister
pulungu ..................... pUlunguny ................... older brother
pariyi ....................... pariyil ....................... younger sister
pariyi ....................... pariyiny ...................... younger brother
ngalanga/ngalayi; ............. wikiny/ngalangangeny ......... son (when the mother IS speaking)
ngapayi ..................... wikiny ....................... son (when the father is speaking)
ngalanga/ngalayi ............. wikil/ngalangangel ............ daughter (when the mother is speaking)
ngapayi ..................... wikil/ngapul .................. daughter (when the father is speaking)
nyakayi. ..................... nyakany/nyakanyji. ............ mother's brother (uncle)
nyanyi. ...................... nyanyiny ..................... mother's brother (uncle)
karli ......................... karliny ....................... man's sister's son, woman's brother's son (nephew)
karli. ........................ karlil. ........................ man's sister's daughter, woman's brother's daughter (niece)
kawayi, kamelany ............. kawangel. ngapul. kamelanyel ... father's sister (aunt), woman's great-granddaughter
'. Y U W U R R I Y A N G S lYI
K I J A M
t This table has been adapted from Kofod 1996, p.177 with permission.
;;;;g;
:;;
APCPRS~S
TSRM
REFSRSNCS TERM
RSLATiONSHt,
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11
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ft
kamelany, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , kamelanyji , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , woman's great-grandson
kangkayi , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , kangkal. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , mother's mother, mother's mother's sister, woman's daughter's
daughter, man's sister's daughter's daughter
kangkayi , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , kangkany , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , mother's mother's brother; woman's daughter's son, man's
sister's daughter's son
thamany , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,", thamanyji , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , mother's father; mother's'father's brother, man's
daughter's son, male cross-cousin (mother's brother's son,
father's sister's son)
thamany , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , thamanyil , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , mother's father's sister; woman's brother's daughter's
daughter; female cross-cousin (mother's brother's
daughter, father's sister's daughter)
ngawuji/ngawuju '" , , , , , , , , , ,ngawujil , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , father's mother; father's mother's sister, woman's son's
daughter
ngawuji/ngawuju , , , , , , , , , , , , , ngawujiny, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , woman's son's son
kelaaki, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,kelaakiny , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , father's father, father's father's brother; man's son's son
kelaaki, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , kelaakil , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , father's father's sister; man's son's daughter
kurriji, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .... , .. kurrijil, , .. , , .. , , .. , , , .. , .. , ... woman's mother-in-law, woman's daughter-in-law, man's
nephew's wife
kurriji. , , . , . , ........ , . , . , ... , kurrijiny ... , , ... , ... , .... , .... woman's mother-in-Iaw's brother
thampurrul .. , , .. , ... , ... , .... man's mother-in-law, man's mother-in-Iaw's sister
•
thampurruny .. , .. , , , . , , , ..... , woman's son-in-law, man's mother-in-Iaw's brother
lamparra .. , .. , .. , . , , ..... , , . lamparrany ... , ... , .. , . , . , .... father-in-law
!!'!'I!!
ngulnga/ngumparna . , ........ ngulngany/ngumparnany, ... , .. husband, spouse's brother
ngulnga/ngumparna ..... , , .. , ngulngal/ngumparnal, .... , . , .. wife, spouse's sister
wartu , ....... , , . , , . , , ...... , wartuny. , . , , ......... " , . , , . , brother-in-law
wartu , . , ... , . , , ..... , , . , , . , , wartul , . , . , ...... , , ......... , sister-in-law
~
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peltlkali . , ... , .. , .. , , .. , , . , .. pernkaliny ... , , . , , , .... , , , .. , , husband of a kangkal
pernkaU ............... , ..... pernkalil . , ...... , . , , , , , , , , , , , kangkal's husband's sister
A PHRASSBOOJ( OF THS J<tJA
This is not an exhaustive list. It is made up of all the Kija words that appear in the listed
phrases. The words ending in a hyphen are adjectives and nouns that take different gender
<OR~
endings. Endings in brackets are optional variants. Occasionally (as with the skin names) the
It ~ f
bracketed forms are the gender endings.
*Fast Speech Form (see p.59).
jaakil .................. pregnant woman
jaam .................. belly, stomach
jaampirri ............... with the belly
jaampurru .............. for the belly
jaangari(ny) ............ man's skin name
jaanim ................. pubic covering, loincloth
jaawal ................. pregnant woman
jakarra(ny) ............. man's skin name
jalaji ................... friend
jalmurrk ................ smash with something
jalmurrk nimpiyinhangu .. I'll smash you (1)
jalungurriny ............. handsome male
jalungurru-.............. beautiful, handsome
jampin(ji) ............... man's skin name
janama(ny) ............. man's skin name
jang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eat (cov)
jang nginini ............. he/she ate
jang nimpirn ............ he/she will eat
jangala(ny) ............. man's skin name
jangata- ............... baby
jangjang ............... be eating (cov)
ianQkirrem .............. for eating
;;'{UWURRIYANGSIII
KIJAM
jangkirriny .............. something (m) to eat
jangma nanini? ......... did you (1) eat?
jarlpurruny .............. blind man
jarrak .................. speak (cov)
jarrak jerne* ............ she speaks qarrak nyerne)
jarrak kerne* ............ he speaks (jarrak ngerne)
jarrak nanini ............ you (1) spoke
jarrak nerne ............ you (1) speak
jarrak ngenarnningki ..... I'm speaking to you (1)
jarrak nyerne ........... she speaks
jarrak parrernngirri ....... you (2 or more) speak to me
jarrak perne ............ (you-1) speak!
jarrak pernengirri ........ (you-1) speak to me!, tell me!
jarrak terne* ............ you (1) speak qarrak nerne)
jarrakjaliny .............. speak again
jarrakjaliny pernengirri ... (you-1) tell me again!, say it
again to me!
jarrakjarrak ............. be speaking, be telling stories, be
having a yarn (cov)
jarrakjarrak nginpirnningki I'm talking to you (1)
jarrakjarrak pernengirri ... (you-1) speak to me!
jarrakkala puma ........ (you-1) speak!
jarrakkarri nerne ......... when you (1) are speaking . . .
jarrakkarri nernengiyi. .... when you (1) are telling her.. .
jarrakkarri ngerne ....... when he is speaking .. .
jarrakkarri purrurn ....... when they are speaking.. .
jarrakkirrem ............. speech, about speaking,
something used for speaking
jarrakngarri
ngenarnningki .......... I'm speaking to you
jarrakngarri ngerne ...... he is speaking
jarrakngarri purrurn ...... they are speaking
jarrakpa nernengirri? .... are you (1) speaking to me?
jarrakpu/jarrakpi/jarrakpe. word, story, utterance, language,
meaning
Jarujam ................ like Jaru
jarum .................. stomach
Jarum ................. the Jaru language
Jarupany............... Jaru man (man who has the Jaru
language)
jatam(pi) ............... rain, rainy seasons, years
jatawarriny ............. two rains, two years
jawalyi(ny) ............. man's skin name
jawanqi) ............... man's skin name
jawurranype ............ month(s) (moons)
jikili-.................... horrible/ugly
jikilinngu(ngu) ........... you (1) are horrible/ugly
jilam ................... ground, sugar
jilan ................... on/in the ground, on/in the sand
jimarrawuk(ta) ....... : .. always, for good
jimarrawun ............. always, for good
jimpirlany ............... bottle, spearhead
jinpimnha .............. you (1) will get them/some
jinpimnhama? .......... will you (1) get them/some?
jintak .................. drip, leak (cav)
jintakjintak .............. be dripping, be leaking (cav)
pntakjintak waanya ...... she's dripping
jirrawukiny/jirrawukuny ... one thing (m)
jirl'Clwuku-............... one
jirrawukumuwa- ......... only one
jirrayam ................ alright, OK, good bye
jirrayamkili .............. they are alright
jirrayammaningi? ........ are they good to him?
jirrayanmangu? ......... are you (1) alright/OK?
jirrayannga(ke) .......... I'm alright/OK
jirrayanyayi ............. you and I are alright/OK
jirri. .................... show, point something out
demonstrate
(cav)
jirri jarrajtha ............. you (2 or more) show him/her
jiyilem .................. men, Aboriginal men
jiyilempurru ............. for/belonging to men, fori
belonging to Aboriginal people
jiyilingem ............... for/belonging to men, fori
belonging to Aboriginal people
jiyilinnga ............... I'm a man, I'm an Aboriginal man
jiyiliny .................. man, Aboriginal man
" "I'
') ., ... ,., ... ," IS, I't a man.')
Jlyllnyma,
jiyirrempurru ... , . , ... , . , for/about kangaroos
julama(ny) .. ,., ........ man's skin name
jUlany. , . , , ........ , , . , . male dog
jumpum. , , , , , , .. , , .. , , , heavy
jumuluny ..... , , . , ...... boab
jumurlunhamangake? .,. can you (1) look after him/her for
me?
junamanhama? ....... , did you (1) get them/some?
junamurlunhama ?, .. , . , . have you (1) got them/some?
junanynha. , . , .. , .. ,. , .. you (1) brought them/some
junanynhama? ,." ... ,' did you bring them/some?
junanynhangirri . , , , , .... you (1) brought it to me
junguliny . , ... , ... , , . , . , little boy of about six or seven
years of age
jungurra(ny) , , , . , , , . , ... man's skin name
A PIlRASSBOOK OF TIIS KIJA I.AN;;UA;;S
jungurranngake ......... I am a Jungurra (skin)
jungurranngu ........... you (1) are Jungurra (skin)
jungurranyayi ........... you and I are Jungurra (skin)
junpam ................ corroborees, songs
junpampurru ........... for/about corroborees/songs
jurlkurlkum .............. round things/tablets
jurnanykarra- ........... beautiful/handsome
jurnanykarranngu ....... you (1) are beautiful/handsome
juwarri- ................. ghost/devil
juwarrija- ............... like a ghost/devil
juwl.lrru(ny) ............. man's skin name
t<
kaartaya ............... slowly
kajim .................. sore, disease
kakampi ............... poor thing
kalyulyum .............. stomach ache
kalyulyupannga ......... I've got a stomach ache
kamaliwa- .............. stranger
kaman ................. ' look for, miss someone (cov)
kaman ngenarnnungu ... I miss her, I'm looking for her
kamum ................ milk, breast
kananypal/kananypel ... baby girl (lit: woman with a
digging stick)
kanarram .............. leaves, paper money, cheques
kangka ................ grandparent. grandchild (see
Table of Kin Terms)
kangkakal .............. his/her own kangka
Kin Terms)
(t)
(see Table of
kangkakanha ........... you (1) are in a kangka
relationship (see Table of Kin
Terms)
UWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
kangkakanhangu ....... you (1) are in a kangka relationship (see Table of Kin Terms)
kangkayi ............... granny, the address form of
kangka (see Table of Kin Terms)
kangkerrke ............. make someone angry (cov)
kangkerrke jimenha ..... you make him/her angry
kangkerrke yinamenha .. you make me angry
kanjalji .................. Fork-tailed Kite
kanyja/kanyjampe ...... marijuana
kapa? ................. what?
kapa nerne? ........... what are you (1) doing/saying?
kapaanyji .............. something, I don't know what
kapajarrama? .......... what kind of... ? what is it like?
kapakerreny(i)? ......... what's wrong with him?
kapakirrel? ............. what's wrong with her?
kapakirrem/kapakirrema? what's wrong? what for? why?
kapakirrenhangu? ...... what's wrong with you (1J? why
are you (1) ... ? why do you (1) ... ?
kapaningki? ............ what's it to you (1)?
kapinga/kapiya? ....... where to?
kapu? ................. what?
kapukana? ............. when?
kapukanakili? ........... when will it be?
kapungerrek(a)? ........ how much?
kapuwa? .. , ., .. , .. , ., . what? what's happening?
kara ................... later on
karajpe ................ body
karli ................... nephew, niece (see Table of Kin
Terms)
karlumpuny ............. spear
karlumpupany .......... baby boy (lit: man with a spear)
karninya? .............. what now? is there any?
karnkim ................ month(s), moons
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karnkiny ................ moon
karntiwapam ........... plenty, a lot
kartakpu ............... cup, pannikin. billycan. receptacle
kat .................... leave something/someone (cov)
kat nimpiwurrupthangu .. I'm going to leave you
kat nyilawurrunke ....... I'm leaving her
kat yampirruwurrupja .... we will ~eave them/this (n)
kat yintuwurrup! ......... (you-V leave me!
kat yintuwurrupyarriyu! ... (you-1) leave us two!
kawangel .............. father's sister (aunt), woman's
great-granddaughter
kawangelngiya ......... from the aunt
kawarnekili ............. to the blacksoil
kawarnpu .............. blacksoil (gets very boggy in the
wet season)
kawayin ................ oh well, never mind
kawilikpu ............... becoming cold (cov)
kawirlikpu purruwunpu ... it is getting cold, they are getting
cold
kawurnpe .............. ashes
kawurruny .............. Securinega melanthesioides
(a bush plant)
kaya? ................. where?
kayakili? ................ where to?
kayi? .................. where?
kayikana? .............. when?
kayimilila? .............. where does she come from?
kayirnilinhangu? ........ where do you (1) come from?
koyfrnilinyo? ............ where does he come from?
kaylpinya? ............. where from?
koyiWd? ............... where?
kelengen ............... now, today
kerok .................. after a while, later on
kerarrpal ............... little girl who can crawl
kerlalpam .............. lower leg
kerlirrang ............... from the west
kerlirrangmilinnga ....... I come from the west
kerliyirr ................. west
kernanyjel .............. echidna
kernkak ................ die (cov)
kernkak nginiwart ........ he died
kernkakngarri
nyanuwartja ........... she died
kernkam ............... raw, dead
kerrij ................... finish, cease doing something (cov)
kerrijkarri juwijtha ........ when you finish it .. .
kertkarra penayanyji ..... he was cooking it
Kija(m)/Kijampi. ......... the Kija language, word, story,
utterance
Kijampirri ............... with/in the Kija language
Kijampurru .............. for/about the Kija language,
for/about the Kija people
Kijapal ................. Kija woman (a woman who has
the Kija language)
Kijapany ............... Kija man (a man who has the Kija
language)
Kijayurrung ............. into the Kija language
kilingen ................ now, today
kilyingem ............... new
kilyingen ............... now, today
kiningen ................ in the heart
kiningim ................ heart
kinyane ................ the same place
kinyanekili .............. to the same place
kipin ................... in the bush
kipingarnam ............ things that come from the bush, a
thing (n) that comes from tbe bush
A PIlRASEBOOI< OF TilE I<IJA LANGUAGS
kirli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . walk (cov)
kirli ngerne ............. he walks
kirli nginini .............. he walked
kirli ngiwirn ............. he will walk
kirlipal ................. little girl of about three or four
years of age (lit: a big girl who
car) walk)
kirlipany ................ little boy of about three or four
years of age (lit: a big boy who
can walk)
kirlirli ................... walk around (cov)
kirlirli ngenarn ........... I walk around
kirliwanyji nyimpirn ....... she might walk
kirrij .................... finish, cease doing something (cov)
kirrij waniyit ............. he/she is finished
kirrij yanuwurrumija ...... you and I will finish with each other
kirrij yarrayit ............. we (including you) have finished
kirrij yinamanha ......... you finished me
kirrijpe/kirrijpu ........... finishing, the end
kirrijpu pimpirrimpeyarre .. it/they will finish it/them for us
kultanykultanyel ......... Northern Rosella
kulukulu ................ be happy (cov)
kulukulu ngenarn ........ I'm happy
kulukulu ngernengu ..... he's happy because of you (1)
kulukulu nyernengu ...... she's happy because of you (1)
Kuluwarrang ............ dialect of Kija
kungkulum ............. head, brain
kungkurr ............... cough, cold, the flu
kungkurrpal. ............ she has a cold, she has the flu
kungkurrpanmangu? .... do you (1) have a cold/the flu?
kungkurrpannga ........ I have a cold/the flu
kungkurrupurru .......... for colds, for the flu
UWURRIYANGEM
KIJAM
kunthurr ................ cough (cov)
kunthurrkayan .......... keep on coughing (cov)
kunthurrkayan
ngelamante ........... I kept on coughing
kunyjany ............... stick, tree (gen)
kunyjiri ................. tease, make fun ot stir (cov)
kunyjiri nemenhangal .... she's teasing/making fun of you (1)
kunyjiri nengampurnjiningi he's teasing/making fun bf you (1)
kunyjiri nengapurnjini .... he's teasing/making fun of you (1)
kunyjiringarri
jengampurnnha ....... when you (1) tease him/her.. .
kunyjiringarri
jengapurnnha ......... when you (1) tease him/her.. .
kunyjuri nemenjiningi. .... he's teasing/making fun of you (1)
kurakal. ................ hm/hermother
kurakalngiya ............ from his/her mother
kurakurany ............. old man
kural ................... mother (See Table of Kin Terms)
kurlangkel .............. poor thing (f)
kurlum ................. water
kurlurrkirrem ., .......... injection (lit: something for poking)
kurnak ................. change, exchange (cov)
kurnak peniyinha ........ (you-1) change it/them!
kurnawul ............... little girl (of about six or seven
years of age)
kurninya- ............... hungry
kurninyanmangu? ....... are you (1) hungry?
kurninyanmanungku? ... are you (2 or more) hungry?
kurninyannga(ke) ....... I'm hungry
kurninyanngu ........... you (1) are hungry
kurninyannungku ........ you (2 or more) are hungry
kurninyanyarre .......... we (not including you) are hungry
kurntukal ............... little girl
kurntukany ............. little boy
kurrkunkili. .............. into a hole
kurrkuyurrung ........... into a hole
kurrngakirrem ........... something used for water ego
radiator, hose, bucket
kurrngam .............. water, grog
kurrngapany ............ man who has water/grog, a
. drunken man
kurrngapawurru- ........ without water/grog
kurrngawunyja .......... thirsty
kurrngawunyjanmangu? . are you (1) thirsty?
kurrngawunyjanngake ... I'm thirsty
Kuwurrinype ............ the Gurindji language
L
laarne ................. top, above, on top, clearly
lalartkirrem ............. for headaches
lampungarnany ......... man who comes from Lamboo
Station
langkurnul. ............. woman
lart/lalart ............... have a headache (cav)
lartpu .................. have a headache (cav)
lartpu ngenartke ........ I have a headache
lartpungarri pirriyan ...... when a headache goes away... .
lingalinga .............. think, be thinking (cav)
lingo.linga
ngelamenkente ........ I'm thinking
lingalingo. ngenarn ...... I'm thinking
Iingalingo. ngerne ....... he's thinking
Iingalingo.ngarri nyimenji . when he thinks about her...
lukurrkirriny ............. something (m) for washing
Lungko. ................ dialect of Kija
maj .................... touch, feel (cav)
maj yinpimnha .......... you (1) will touch me
majarr ................. be in pain (cav)
majarr nerne ............. you (1) are in pain
majarr ngenarn ......... I am in pain
majarrim ............... two
malmal ................ medicinal plant
mamperre .............. wait!
mamperre jarrak
pernengirri ............ speak to me slowly
manam ................ backside
mangan ............... wave (cav)
marlam ................ hand
marlirnpal .............. new born baby girl
(Ut: covered in algae/slime)
marlirnpany ............ new born baby boy
(lit: covered in algae/slime)
marlukony .............. old man
marlukayilem ........... old men
marnejam .............. something hot, something like fire
marnem ............... fire
mornijanngake .......... I'm hot
marra .................. go away, set oft depart,
commence, begin
(cav)
marra ngenortke ........ I go away, I set off
marra piyarr!. ........... (you-1) go away!
marro thet joneworenyo*. she killed herself
marra thet
nyanewarenyo ......... she killed herself
morra thet nyanuwartja .. she killed herself
A PHRASEBOOK OF THE KIJA LANGUAGE
tijpala nginaartji ... he died
marra yarrutja .......... we (including you) go
marra yintekpany ....... (you-1) take me away!
marra yintetha .......... (you-1) bring/take me!
marra yitja .............. you and I go
marrarn ................ go away. set off, depart, commence, begin (cov)
marrarn kat
yinawurrurtyuwu ....... he/she left us (including you)
marrarn nyanuwart ...... she departed (died)
marrarn rurt yirrayanyji ... we (not including you) (did) put
her down
marrarn wethet yirrayiji ... we (not including you) threw her
down
marrarna ............... go away. set off, depart,
commence (cov), begin (cov)
marrarna kat
parruwurrumijju ........ (you-2) leave each other!
marrarna kernkak
nyanuwartja ........... she died
marrarna thetpany niwike I'm going to belt him
marrarna warrkkala yarra let's dance
marrarna wiji nyerne ..... she takes off
marrarna yartyart kinini* .. he had a fit
marrarna yartyart nginini . he had a fit
marrke ................. wait!
marru .................. love, like (cov)
marru .nyilamenke ....... I love/like her
marru nyiliyinke ......... I love/like her
marru nyimenji .......... he loves her
mayarum .............. house, building
mayarunkili ............. to/into the house/building
mayim(pi) .............. vegetables, cereals, bread,
damper (non-meat food)
YUWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
mayimpirri .............. with food
mayimpurru ............ for/about food
mayipanngake ......... I've got food
melakawuya ........... all of them, the whole lot
melngarripany .......... doctor, Aboriginal doctor
melngarripanyningi ...... to the doctor
mengerr ............... push (cov)
mengerr yarrayaja ...... we (including you) will push her
menkawu .............. get better (cov)
menkawu ngelamangke . I got better
menkawu ngelamenke .. I get better
menkawu- ............. good
menkawuk ............. make someone/something good (cov)
menkawuk ngemperramenpe
jaam ................. they please me (they make me
feel good in the belly)
menkawuk ngenamenji
jaam ................. he pleases me (he makes me feel
good in the belly)
menkawuk ngenamenya
jaam ................. she pleases me (she makes me
feel good in the belly)
menkawuk nyanemanyji . he made her feel good
menkawuk yinamenha .. you make me feel good
menkawukkarri
junamenha ..... , ...... when you make it/them good .. .
menkawukkarri nyulunji .. when he puts her right ...
. menkawukkirrem(pi) .... , medicine, something for making
someone/something better
menkawukngarri
nimpirrimnhapurru ...... when it/they will make you feel
good ...
menkawukpa juwimnha? . can you (1) fix her?
menkawumenkawum .... really good things, lots of good
things
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menkawumma ......... is it good? are they good?
menkawunnga(ke) ...... I am well/fine, I am good (at
something)
menkawunngu .......... you (1) are well/fine, you (1) are
good (at something)
menkawuny ............ good thing/person (m)
menkawuwurrunnga(ke) . I'm not well
menkawuya ." ........... really good
menkawuyijiyam ........ really good things, something (n)
I
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that is really good
meraangarri- ........... long
merelekpel ............. poor girl
merelekpiny ............ poor bloke
merelekpu ............. make someone sorry (cov)
merlkam(a) ............. coins, change
merlkayurrung .......... into smaller change
mernmertkalim .......... police
merntam ............... paper money, paperbark
merrejinpu .............. medicine
merrkern(pe) ........... three
minyjuwum ............. teeth
mirlim .................. liver
mirlimirli ................ paper
mirlimpirri ............... with the liver
mirrjil ....... , ... , ....... boil
mirrjipannga ............ I've got a boil
mirrmirr. ................ shiver/shake (usually from fever) (cov)
mirrmirr ngenarn ........ I'm shivering"
mirrmirr nginini .......... he shivered
mirrngem(pi) ........... face
miya:le/miyalem ......... meat, game
miyalkeny .............. for meat/game
miyalpawurrunnga ...... I've got no meat
t See Cultural Note pAD
miyawiny/miyawuny ..... man who is good at getting
women
miyawul ................ woman who is good at getting
men
miyawunngu(ngu) ....... you (1) are good with the
opposite sex
mulurru ................ feel sad, feel sorry for someone
(cov)
mulurru ngenarn ........ I feel sad
mulurru ngenarnnguyu ... I feel sorry for her
mulurru ngenarnnungu .. I feel sorry for him
mulurru ngerne ......... he feels sad/sorry
mungurr. ............... jealous t someone, be jealous (cov)
mungurr nemenjiningi .... he is jealousing you
mungurr
ngenamenjinungkuwa .. he's jealousing me because of you
mungurr ngenamenya ... she's jealousing me
mungurr ngerne ......... he is jealous
mungurrma
pirrimiyanpenunguwa? . do they get jealous of each other
because of him?
munkukalel ............. woman with an attractive
backside
munkukaliny ............ man with an attractive backside
munturr ................ take (cov)
munturr yintekpany ...... (you-V take me!
murlum ................ eye(s)
murlumpirri ............. with one's eyes
murlumpurru ............ forone's eyes
murlupiny .............. from one's eyes
murlupirri ............... with one's eyes
murungkurruny .......... doctor, Aboriginal doctor
mutikampirri ............ with a car, using a car
muwulum .............. forehead
A PHRASSBOOl< OF THS KIJA LANGU
naangari(l) ............. woman's skin name
nak .................... be quiet stop moving/going (cov)
nak nyimpiyanya ........ she will not go (any further)
nak perrayi ............. it/they stopped going
nak piyarra! ........ : ... (you-1) shut up and go away!
nakaja- ................ like a pubic covering/loincloth
nakam ................. pubic covering/loincloth
nakarra(l) .............. woman's skin name
nalijam ................. tea
naminyji(lj) .............. woman's skin name
nampin(el) ............. woman's skin name
nangala(l) .............. woman's skin name
nanini. ................. you (1) said/did it
naniningiyi. ............. you (1) said/did it to her
naniyinha .............. you (1) came/went
nanuwarta ............. you (1) fell, you (1) were born
nawan ................. hole/cave
nawarra- ............... big, important
nawarrampirri ........... with something big, to the
important people
nawarranhawum ........ always big
nawarrapal ............. woman with something big
nawarrapany ........... man with something big
nawarrawu ............. become big, grow up (cov)
nawarrawu ngenayinte .. I grew up
nawarrawu nyitja ........ she's getting bigger
nawarrawu wumenji ..... he's getting bigger
nengkerrapen .......... you (2)
nengkerrawan .......... you (more than two)
n~nrdt'Arri\lnnnAm . . . . . . . your (more than two)
YUWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
nentemkenungu ........ I want to get something for him
nerne .......... , .... , .. you (1) say/do it
nernengarri. ............ when you (1) say (it) .. .
nernengirri. ............. you (1) are speaking to me
nimpirn .............. :. you (1) will say/do it
nimpirnngirri ............ you (1) will say/do it to me
nimpiyanhangake ....... you (1) will come for me
ningkiwi-/ningkuwu- ..... fellow countryman/relation
ningkiwilngake .......... she is my countryman/relation
ningkiwinyngake ........ he is my countryman/relation
ningkuwunngungake .... you (1) are my countryman/
relation
ninpemke .............. I will get them/some
nita .................... you (1) are going
numurlunhangu ......... I have/hofd/keep/look after you (1)
nunanykengu ........... I brought/took them for you (1),
I brought/took some for you (1)
nuntajkeni .............. I want to put them on him
ngajikal ................ his/her sister; his/her cousin (t)
ngajinngungu ........... you (1) are in a brother/sister
relationship to someone
ngajiny................. brother; cousin (m) (see Table of Kin
Terms)
ngakenyil/ngakinyel ..... mine (t)
ngakenyinngu(ngu) ..... you (1) are mine
ngakenyji .............. mine (m)
ngakinyin ............... at my place
ngakinyinkili ............ to my place
ngakinyinngu(ngu) ...... you (1) are mine
ngakinype .............. my things, my thing (n)
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ngalany ................ sing (cav)
ngalany ngurramangpu .. they sang him (cast a spell on him
by singing)
ngalen(ta) ............. she
ngalewanytha .......... on her own, by herself
ngalewarriny............ on her own, by herself
ngalil .................. woman
ngalilma? .............. is it a woman?·
ngalimpurru ............ for women, about women
ngalingalim ............. several women
ngalipa ................ tell lies (cav)
ngalipa nginini .......... he lied
ngalipanhawunngu ..... you (1) are a liar
ngaliwanytha ........... on her own, by herself
ngaliwarriny ............ on her own, by herself
ngalngalpawurrunkili .... to a quiet place
ngamarranykany ........ it was a snake that .. .
ngamungamumpi ....... long ago
ngamungamungum ..... long ago
ngamungamungumpurru . about long ago, about the early
days
ngamungamungun ...... long ago
ngamungum ........... long ago
ngamungun ............ long ago
ngamunguny ........... old thing (m)
ngankerre .............. jaw
nganungkum ........... arm
ngapu(ny) .............. father (see Table of Kin Terms)
ngapukany ............. his/her father
ngapukanyni(ngi) ....... to his/her father
ngapuwalungkal ........ originating from his/her father
ngarak ................. make, repair (cav)
ngarak jampirrimnha .... you (more than 1) make it/some
ngarak nunpumkengu ... I'll make it/some for you (1)
ngarakkarri jinpimnha .... when you will make it/them ...
ngarakkirrem ........... for making something, about making something
ngarayi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . find (cav)
ngarayi nginuwunya ..... she found him
ngarayi nyanuwun ...... he found her
ngarejam .............. like honey
ngarem(pj) ............. bush honey, sugarbag
ngaremperra ........... from honey
ngarli .................. settle down (cav)
ngarli nyimpuwunya ..... she will settle down
ngarlipa ................ tell lies (cav)
ngarlipa nerne .......... you (1) are lying
ngarliwu nguwirn ........ he will settle down
ngarra ................. know, recognise (cav)
ngarra nemenke ........ I know him
ngarrangkarnim ......... dreaming, dreamtime
ngarriwalurn/
ngarriwarlurn .......... later on, any time
ngarrkalem(pj) .......... stones, hills, money, coins, heart
ngarrkalen ............. in the hills, in the heart
ngartpen ............... stink (cav)
ngartpen nita ........... you (1) stink
ngayin(tj) ............... I, me
ngayinkamiyi ........... me too
ngayinkany ............. It was I who .. .
ngayiwanytha .......... on my own, by myself
ngayiwarriny ............ on my own, by myself
ngelakurlurr. ............ to the east
ngelel/ngelela/ngeleli ... she, this (t)
ngelyak- ............... white
ngenani. ............... I said/did it
A PHRASEBaOI( OF THE KIJA "ANGUAGl>
I'lgenanke .............. I sit I am in a place
rigenarn ............... I say, I do (it)
ngenartke .............. I go
ngenawarrenji .......... he burns me, I'm burning
ngenawarrenji muwulum . I've got a fever
ngenawartke ........... I fell, I was born
ngenayin ............. .. 1came, I went
ngenayinte ............. I was going
ngeneka/ngenengka .... here
ngenengkayana ........ right here
ngerne ................. he says/does it
ngertiyinngirri ........... let him stay with me
nginimanya ............. she got him
nginini ................. he said/did (it)
nginininingki ............ he said/did it to you (1)
nginiwarenji ............ he hit/killed himself
nginiwart(ji) ............. he fell, he was born
nginiwartjingarri ......... when he fell ... , when he was
born ...
nginiyin ................ he came/went
nginiyitji ................ he hit him, he gave me
nginpiji. ................ he will hit/kill me
nginpijiwanyji ........... he might hit me
nginpirn ................ I will say/do it
nginpirnningki. .......... I will say/do it to you (1)
nginpiyan .............. I will go
nginpuwun ............. I'll fall
nginyjiny ............... this (m)
nginyjinyma? ........... is it this one (mY?
ngirripawurrunnga ....... I'm from a long way away
ngitji ................... he goes
ngiwinjimaningki? ....... can he stay with you (1)?
ngiwinjinte .............. he will be staying
YUWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
ngiwiyan ............... he will go
ngiwunji ................ he is falling/going down
ngiyi ................... yes, that's right
ngiyima? ............... isn't that right?
ngulnga ................ wife, husband, girlfriend, boyfriend,
darling
ngulnga- ............... spouse
rigulngakal ............. his wife/girlfriend
ngulngakalnguyu ....... for his wife/girlfriend, because of
his wife/girlfriend
ngulngakany ........... her husband/boyfriend
ngulngakanynungu ...... for her husband/boyfriend,
because of her
husband/boyfriend
ngulngangulnga ........ make love, go around flirting, go
around sleazing (cov)
ngulngangulnga
yaringirrij .............. let's (you and I) make love
ngulngangulngangarri
ngerne ............... when he f1irts/sleazes around .. .
ngulungulun ............ in the afternoon, evening,
yesterday
ngumparnel ............ wife, girlfriend
ngumurlunya ........... he is holding her, he is looking
after her
nguny ................. get angry (cov)
nguny nyinpuwunya ..... she will sulk
ngunyjum .............. tobacco
ngurlanyaliny .......... '. more, again
ngurluk................. drink (cov)
ngurlukkarri ............. when someone drinks .. .
ngurlukkayan ........... keep on drinking (cov)
ngurlukkayan
parrernkili! ............. you (more than two) keep on
drinking!
ngurlukkirrem ........... for drinking, something to drink
ngurlukngarri perraniyu .. when two people were drinking . ..
ngurlukpa nanini? ....... did you (1) drink?
ngurlukpawurrunnga .... I've got nothing to drink
ngurlukpu .............. a drink
ngurlurluk .............. be drinking (cav)
ngurlurlukkirrem ......... something for drinking
ngurlurlukkirreny ......... something for drinking
ngurr(ngurr)kajil ......... car, truck, bus
ngurr(ngurr)kalil ......... car, truck, bus
ngurr(ngurr)kirrel ........ car, truck, bus
ngurranype ............. they took him
ngurrilinpu .............. they (do) put him
ngurriny/ngurruny ....... he, that (m)
ngurrngurrkirrem ........ cars, trucks, buses, motor
ngurrngurrkirrempurru .... for the motor, for cars
ngurrngurrul ............ car, truck, bus
ngurru-................. that one over there
ngurrul(j) ............... that one (f)
ngurrum(a) ............. those, that thing (n)
ngurrun(ti) .............. over there
ngurrungarnannga ...... I'm from that place
ngurrunkili .............• to that place
ngurruri ngeniyinji ....... he speaks about me behind my
ngurruri!ngurriri. .........
(
a==
:>" '.
ngurruwam .............
nguwan ................
back
speak about someone behind
their back (cav)
those people/things
no, nothing, not, can't do it, don't
do it
can't do it, don't do it
maybe not
nguwana ..............
nguwananyji. ...........
nguwanijiyan! ........... absolutely not, no way!
nguwangarnal .......... something (f) that won't .. .
nguwangarnan ......... no, nothing
nguwangarnannga(ke) .. not me, I've got nothing
nguwirnningki ........... he will speak/do it to you (1)
Nb
nhawun(tj) ............. he, him
nhawuwanytha ......... on his own, by himself
nhawuwarriny........... on his own, by himself
nhempat ............... sink, get bogged, get stuck (cav)
nhempat yarrewun ...... we (including you) will sink/get
bogged/get stuck
nhuwulungu ............ you (1) stink
nyaajarri(l) .............. woman's skin name
nyakany(ji) ............. mother's brother (uncle)
nyakanyjinuwa .......... from the uncle
nyakanykurriny .......... your uncle
nyakayi ................ mother's brother (term of address)
nyamananim ........... elderly women, white women
nyamanel .............. elderly woman, white woman
nyamanpu ............. become an old woman (cav)
nyamanpu wumenya .... she is getting old
nyanakawun ........... in the river
nyanemanya ........... she got her
nyanemurlaartji ......... he held her, he looked after her
nyanini ................. she said/did it
nyanininingki. ........... she said/did it to you (1)
A PIlRASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGS
nyaniyinya ........... , .. she came/went
nyanuwartja ............ she fell, she went down. she was
born
nyanuwartjangarri ....... when she fell . .., when she was
born ...
nyarlany ............... solid, deadly (handsome,
dependable, reliable, steadfast)
nyarli ............... -. .. become crippled (cov)
nyarli wanama .......... he became crippled
nyarliwiny .............. crippled man
nyawana(l) ............. woman's skin name
nyawanannga .......... I am Nyawana (skin)
nyawurruO) ............. woman's skin name
nyerne ................. she says/does it
nyernengu ............. she says/does it for/because of
you (1)
nyikan(ti) ............... at night
nyikankukili ............. into the night time
nyikawa ................ tomorrow
nyilamurlunke ........... I have/hold/keep/look after her
nyimperrayitpe .......... they/it (did) hit her
nyimperriyajpe .......... they will put her
nyimpilawu- ............ new born baby
nyimpinya .............. she is in a place
nyimpinyangarri. ........ when she is there .. .
nyimpirn ............... she will say/do it
nyimpiyanya ............ she will go
nyimpuwunya .......... she will fall/go down
nyimuk nyimperrayit ..... they submerged her. they made
her dive in
nyingan/ nyingen/
nyinganti .............. you (1)
nyingangkurriny/
nyingangkurruny ....... your (1) (m)
UWURRIYANG6M
I<IJAM
nyingangkurrul .......... your (1) (t)
nyingangkurrum ......... your (1) (n/pt)
nyingannungkuwa ...... from you (1), because of you (1)
nyitja .................. she comes/goes
nyitjante ............... she is coming/going
nyitjawanyjiningi. ........ she might be going with him
nyumurlunji ............. he has/holds/keeps/looks after her
nyungkayam ........... OK. alright. good bye
nyungkayanmangu? ., .. are you (1) alright?
nyungkayannga(ke) ..... I am alright
nyungkayanngu ........ you (1) are alright
nyungkayapanngu ...... you (1) have something/ someone
so you are alright
nyuny .................. blow nose (cov)
nyunykala puma ........ (you-1) blow your nose!
nyuwulngarnany ........ man from the south
paampaampuny ........ fat boy
pakardim ............... strong, spicy
paku ........ ; ......... lie down. sleep (cov)
pakukirrem ............. in order to lie down/sleep
paliyarram ............. thigh, upper leg
pamperranyju .......... (you-2) bring it!
pamperranyngirri. ....... (you-2 or more) bring it to me!
pananpe ............... road
pangariny/
pangarinywarriny ...... two
panyjale ............... on the blanket
papij janawurran ........ you burnt her. you cooked it (t)
papjinkili ............... to the pub
m
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parawul ................ female hill kangaroo
pariyi .................. younger sibling (see Table of Kin Terms)
parnanpe .............. road, track
parrenhayarre .......... (you-2 or more) stay here for us
(wait for us)!
parringirrijju ............. (you-2) say/do it to each other!
parriyinha .............. (you-2 or more) go away!
parruwurrumijju ......... (you-2) leave each other!
partarl ................. fall down (cav)
partarl nginiwartji. ....... he fell
partarlanyji ............. might fall down
partarlanyji nginpuwun .. maybe he will fall
partun ................. behind, afterwards
partungel(j) ............ the thing (f) that is behind
partunguny ............. the thing (m) that is behind
parumanypiny .......... doctor, Aboriginal doctor
pemperralunpengarringiyi. when they put some (stuff) into her
penamanya ............ she got some/them/it
penamanyji ............ he got some/them/it
penamurlunha .......... (you-V hold/keep/look after them!
penanyngirri ............ (you-1) bring them/some to me!
penawarrenji ........... he bums them/some, they bum,
something bums
penekpanyngake ....... (you-V take them/some for me!
penemnhanga ......... (you-1) get them/some for me!
penyek ................ hit with hand (cav)
penyek piyi. ............ (you-1) hit him/her with your
hand
perap ................. come out, appear (cav)
perap perraart .......... they came out, they arrived
perne .................. (you-1) say/do it!
pernengirri ............. (you-1) say/do it to me!
pernengiyi. ............. (you-V say/do it to her!
pernenha .............. (you-1) stay where you are!
perneningi ............. (you-1) say/do it to him!
perra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . send (cav)
perraa peniyinha ........ and then (you-1) send it/them!
perramiyanpiyu ......... two people say/do it to each
other
perraniyu ............... two people said/did it
perrawa pimpirrijpeyuwu . and then they will send it/them for
us (including you)
perrem ................. this (n), these, here
perrema/perremka/
perrempi .............. this (n), these, here
perrempurru ............ for this thing (n), for these
perrjilke ................ make something dry (cav)
petali .................. petrol
petawu- ............... slow
petelpawurrul. .......... without petrol
piji. .................... get (cav)
piji yarrurn .............. we (including you) get something
pinarri ................. knowing, knowledgeable, aware,
understanding
pinarrik ................. teach, instruct (cav)
pinarrik yintemnha ...... (you-1) teach me!
pinarrikpu .............. learn
pinarrikpu ngelamenke .. I'm learning
pinarrikpu
ngemperramenpe ..... they're teaching me
pinarrikpu ngenanke .... I'm learning
pinarrinmangu? ........ do you (1) know? are you (1)
aware that... ?
pinarrinmanungkurru? ... do you (more than 2) know? are
you (more than 2) aware that... ?
pinarrinngaCke) ......... I know, I am aware
pinarrinngu ............. you (1) know, you are (1) qware
A PHRASSBOOI< OF THS KIJA LANGUAGS
pinarriwu ............... coming to know. becoming aware (cov)
pinarriwu ngelamenke ... I'm starting to know
pinarruwurrunnga ....... I don't know
pinkirrpal. .............. bush turkey
pip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pick up (cov)
pip yarremnya .......... we (including you) will get her/him
pipa pumanha ......... and then you (1) pick it up!
piri .................... go back, return bring back, take
back (cov)
piri piyanynhanungu ..... (you-V come back for him!
piri yinayitha ............ you (1) gave (it) back to me again
piriwu .................. go back, return, bring/take back (cov)
piriwu ngenartke ........ I go back
piriwuwa penayinha ..... and then bring it/them back
pirriman ................ tease, make fun of (cov)
pirriman nulunhangu ..... she's teasing you (1)
pirrimanngarri ........... when someone teases/makes fun .
of...
pirrimanngarri ngimenya . when she teases him .. .
pirrimanngarri nyiyinji .... when he teases her.. .
pirriyan ................. they will go
pirrka pal ............... woman with a good figure
pirrkapawurrul .......... woman without a good figure
pirrkawirrka ............. make fun ot wind someone up
pirrkawirrka nemenjiningi. he's making fun of you (1)
piya ................... go looking around fo{(cov)
piya ngenarnnguyu ..... I look for her
piya ngenarnnungu ..... I look for him
piya yarrutja ............ we Oncluding you) look around
piyany wuraj ............ (you-1) come here!
piyonynhangirri ......... (you-V come to me!
piyarr/piyarra ........... (you-V go away!
::,'y u w u a
R I Y A If GEM
I< I J A M
pUlungu- ............... older sibling (see Table of Kin Terms)
punanypunany ......... be boiling (cov)
punanypunanya nyerne . and then she boils
puny ................... kiss (cov)
puny ngurrilinpe ......... they kiss him
puny yinteta ............ (you-1) kiss me!
punypuny .............. be kissing (cov)
punypuny yayingirrij ..... let's (you and J) kiss each other!
punypunykirrem ......... for kissing, in order to kiss
purlkal(a) .............. woman with grey hair
purnangkilfny ........... young teenage boy
purnul ................. fly (insect)
purrunpungarri .......... those things that are there
puruj ................... play (cov)
puruj kinini* ............. he played (puruj nginini)
puruj kurriyinpe* ......... they play with him (puruj ngurriyinpe)
puruj nginini ............ he played
puruj ngurriyinpe ........ they play with him
puruj nyerne ............ she plays
purujkirrem(pD .......... for playing, in order to play, a
party, a game, cards
Puruwumpiny ........... from Broome
puyurrungmilinnga ...... I'm from the north
Ft
ramperampem ......... baking powder; light (not heavy)
rangka ................. hear; listen (cov)
rangka jananynha ....... you (1) heard her/him
rangka narirtangu ....... I want to listen to you (1)
rangka ngenarn ........ I listen I hear
:I
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rangka nginini .......... he heard
rangka nyilanyke ........ I heard her
rangkakala ............. listen!
rangkakala perne ....... (you-1) listen!
rangkakala
yimperrikpany ......... (you-2 or more) listen to me!
rangkakala
yimperriktha ........... (you-2 or more) listen to me!
rangkakala
yintekpany ............ (you-1) listen to me!
rangkakala yintetha ..... (you-1) listen to me!
rangkama jananynha? .. did you (1) hear her/him?
rangkama junayinha? ... did you (1) hear it/them?
rangkangarri. ........... when someone listens .. .
rangkangarri nunaanke .. when I hear it/them . .., when I
listen to it/them ...
reminy ................. be thirsty (cov)
reminy ngenayin ........ I'm thirsty
reminyma naniyi? ....... are you (1) thirsty?
rerr .................... pull (cov)
rerr yarritja .............. we (including you) will pull her/him
rerrkirrem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for pulling
rungalka ............... sugar
rurram ................. grass
furrij ................... swear (cov)
rurrij perramiyanpiyu ..... two people are swearing at each
other
rurt .................... sit down, put down
'1'
(cov)
taam .................. country, home, camp
taampurru ............. about country, for country
taan ................... at home, in the camp, in the
country, in some particular country
taankili. ................ towards one's home, towards
one's country
taawal ................. woman who belongs to the
country, traditional owner
taawany ............... man who belongs to the country,
traditional owner
tal/tala/tali ............. that (t)
tom ................... that (n), those
tamka/tampa/tampi .... that (n), those
tampurru ............... for those, because of those,
because of that
tan .................... that place
tang ................... break down (cov)
tang nginiwart .......... he broke down
tangempi .............. after a while
tany /tanya/tanyi ........ that (m)
tanyaningki. ............ there he is
tanyja ................. be flat, go down (cov)
tanyja nyanuwart ....... it (feminine ego car) has gone
flat/gone down
tanyjak ................ become flat, go down (cov)
tanyjak wanama ........ it (feminine ego car) has gone
flat/gone down
tanyjakpu nyuwarrenji ... it (feminine ego car) is going
down/going flat
taparuny ............... pelican
tarrkikrikjin .. ; ........... in Turkey Creek
tarrkikrikwangkunngake .. I was born in Turkey Creek
tawarr ................. hit (cov)
tawarr nginpiji .......... he will hit me
tawarr
nimperrayithapurru ..... they hit you (1)
A PllAASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUASE
towung ................ have a good feeling about
something/someone (love, like,
believe in, trust) (cov)
towung nanemangu .... I loved/liked/trusted you (1)
tawung nemenhangu ... I love/like/trust you (1)
tawung nunamenke ..... I like it/them, I love it/them
tawungpungarri. ........ when someone loves
someone/something ...
tawungpungarri nginjintengiyi
kiningen .............. he is in her heart
tawungpungarri nyinyanteningi
ngarrkalen ............ she is in his heart
tek .................... look, see, look for (cov)
tek nanemanhangu ..... I saw you (1)
tek ngenarnnguyu ...... I look for her
tek ngenarnnungu ...... I look for him
tek nimpimnhangu ...... I will see you (1)
tek ninamangke ., ...... I saw him
tek nyilamangke ........ I saw her
tek tanemanhangu* .... . 1saw you (1) (tek nanemanhangu)
tek timpimnhangu* ...... I will see you (1) (tek nimpimnhangu)
tekkarra ................ be looking (cov)
tekkarra nemenhangal .. she is looking at you (1)
tekkarra nemenjini ....... he is looking at you (1)
temtem ................ jealous t someone, be jealous (cov)
temtem ngerne ......... he is jealous
temtem ngernenguyu ... he is jealousing t her. he is jealous
other
temtem nyernengake .. , she is jealousing t me, she is jealous
of me
teperr. ................. be broken (cov)
teperr nyanuwartqa) ..... she fell and broke herself (eg. a
bone), she broke down
teperrngel. ............. broken
YUWURRIYANGEM
I<IJAM
(f)
tijpaJa ................. die (cov)
tijpala nginiwartji ........ he died
timpukalel .............. woman with nice legs
tinyjirr .................. sneeze (cov)
tinyjirr ngelamante ...... I was sneezing
tiyama ................. those are the ones
tiyana ... : ............. right there
tUlpum ................. heart
tulpun ................. in the heart
tumukaliny ............. male with lots of hair
tumum ................. head, hair
tumupawurriny .......... male with no hair
tupankili. ............... to a warm place
tupayurrung ............ to a warm place
tuyutampurru ........... for a four-wheel drive
thalngarr ............... snappy gum
thamanyil .............. mother's father's sister. female
cross-cousin (see Table of Kin
Terms)
thamanyilngake ......... my thamany (t) (see Table of Kin
Terms)
thamanyji .............. mother's father. mother's father's
brother. male cross-cousin (see
Table of Kin Terms)
thamanypu ............. grandfathers, cross-cousins
thatkarri nginji. .......... when he is standing .. .
thep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shut (cov)
thep nyimperrayangpe .. they (did) shut it (t)
therrngan .............. have a fit (coy)
t See cultural note, pAD
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therrngan ngerne ....... he had .a fit
thet ................... hit. kill (cov)
thet kiniwarenji* ......... he killed himself (thet nginiwarenjD
thet nginiwarenji ........ he killed himself
thet nginiwartji .......... he killed himself
thet perrawarenpiyu ..... two people (did) hit each other
thetpany ............... hit, kill (cov)
thulnguny .............. smoke (cov)
thulnguny ngerne ....... he smokes
thulngunyngarri ......... when someone is smoking.. .
thulngunyngarri ngerne .. when he is smoking ...
thurrururu .............. take a fit. have a stroke (cov)
thurrururu nginini ........ he took a fit. he had a stroke
thuwungel(a)? .......... what is her skin name?
thuwungenhangu? ...... what is your (1) skin name?
thuwunginy(a)? ......... what is his skin name?
thuwungum(a) ? ........ what is their skin name?
thuwurra? .............. what are they? what is it?
thuwurrawu? ........... what for? why?
thuwuthupawurrunngake. I don't have anything
I!!'I!IIII
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wajjaliny pernengirri ..... (you-1) give me some more,
(you-1) give me another
wajkarri ................ when somebody gives .. .
wajkarri
nunayitkeningki ........ when you (1) gave it/them to
me ...
wajngarri
nunayitkeningki ........ wl)en you (1) gave it/them to
me ...
wajpala ................ white person
wajpalakirrem .......... for white people
wajpalangem .......... from white people
wajpalapiny ............ from white people
walaji .................. put the hard word on somebody
for something
(cov),
coerce
walaji yinperta .......... you (1) will put the hard word on
me
walampum ............. rib-bones
Walkrikjin ............... in Halls Creek
Walkrikyurrung .......... to Halls Creek
walurrjanngake ......... I'm hot
walurrpa- .............. hot
wanama ............... he said/did if, he became
wangala ............... be mentally abnormal (crazy,
mad, drunk, stoned, stupid)
waj .................... give, throw (cov)
waj junayithangirri ....... you (1) gave it/them to me
waj nunpemkeningki. .... I'll give it/them to you (1)
waJ pernengirri. ......... (you-1) give it/them to me!
wajpinpijtningki ......... he will give them/some to you (1)
waj pirringirriyan ......... they give to each other
waj tunpemkeningki* .... I'll give it/them to you (1) (waj nunpemkeningkD
wajjaliny ............... give more, give again (cov)
(cov)
wangala nerne ......... you (1) are mad
wangala ngerne ........ he's mad, he's drunk, he's stoned
etc.
wangala- .............. mentally abnormal (crazy, mad,
drunk, stoned, stupid)
wangalak(pD ........... make someone mad (cov)
wangalakpi yinamenha .. you (1) are driving me mad
wangalanngu .......... you (1) are mad
wangalawu ............ become mad (cov)
A PHRAS£BOOl< OF THE I<IJA LANGUAG£
wangalawu ngerne ..... he's going mad
wangkarl. .............. tired. lazy
wangkarlke ............. wear someone down. make
someone exhausted (COy)
wangkarlke yinamenha .. you (1) are exhausting me
wantaj ................. carry (COy)
wantajkirrempi .......... in order to carry
wantawantaj ........... be carrying. carry around (COy)
wantawantaj
ngurrumenpe .......... they carry him around
wanyakaarral/
wanyakuwarraI ........ little girl
wanyakaarrany /
wanyakuwarrany ....... little boy
wanyake-/wanyaki-...... little. small
wanyakil ............... little girl
wanyakiny/wanyangkiny . little boy
wanyanyakim ........... children
wanyja- ................ skinny
wanyjiliny ............... young teenage boy
warangkan ............. quickly
warimpirri .............. with a fight by fighting
waringarrem ............ many people. many things
warinypu ............... get angry (COy)
warinypu ngemenji ...... he gets angry
wariwu- ................ aggressive. cheeky. spicy. strong
wariwuk ................ make someone aggressive. make
something stronger/spicier (COy)
a
wariwumpirri ............ with fight. by fighting
warlarrin ............... under a white gum tree
warlarriny .............. white gum tree (Eucalyptus
papuana)
warnarram ............. long ago
warrayel ............... sugar, sand
UWURRIYANGSM
1(IJAM
warrayelpamanyji ....... maybe it has sugar in it
warrernpenngake ....... I'm sick
warrkampanngake ...... I've got to work
warrkampe ............. work
warta .................. have a good feeling about
something/someone (love. like.
believe in. trust) (COy)
warta ngiyinya .......... she loves him
worta niyinhangu ....... I love you
warta niyinke ........... I love him
wartongarri ............. when someone loves somebody.. .
warukupiny ............. left side
wayikuk ................ be left behind when someone
dies. survive someone
(COy)
wayikuk ngenawurrurt ... she/he died and left me behind
wayini ................. like that. thus
wayinija- ............... that kind of
wayinijarra- ............. that kind of
wayinikana ............. that's why. because of that
wayiniya ............... just like that
wela ................... hey!
wentha ................ yes
wentha kapa! .......... right on! my oath! absolutely!
werlam ................ neck
werlayi ................. hey!
werlemenel. ............ young girl
werlerlemenpe ......... young girls
wert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bite (cov)
wert kiniyitji* ............ he bit him (wert nginiyitjj)
wert nginiyitji. ........... he bit him
wethet ................. throw, have a baby (cov)
wethet penayit(ja) ...... she threw something. she had a baby
wethet pinpiyinya ....... she will throw something. she will
have a baby
wiji .................... run (cav)
wiji nginini .............. he ran
wiji nyimpirn ............ she will run
wiji yarrirn .............. we (including you) will run
wijikalel ................ good runner (t)
wijikengarri
nyimperramenpe ...... they make her run, it makes her
run
wikil ................... daughter
wingkernangku! ......... strewth! oh my god!
winyangkaarral ......... little girl
winyangkaarrany ........ little boy
winyangki-.............. small
winyanyangkempi ....... children
wiyile .................. wheel
wupu .................. cook (on coals) (cav)
wupu penayitji .......... he cooked it
wupukirrem ............. about cooking, for cooking
wupunge- .............. cooked
wurum ................. soup, stew. gravy, oil
wurung ................ catch (cav)
wurung juwimnha ....... you (1) will catch him/her
wuspitale ............... at the hospital
wuspitelakili. ............ to the hospital
y
yakawarla- ............. bad
yakengam ............. other, another, different
yakengarram ........... others
yakenge-............... other, another, different
yakengel/yakengela/
yakengeli ............. another thing (I), a different
thing
(t)
yakengempirri .......... with another..., with a different ...,
to the others
yakengepam ........... (it has/they havel [another/a
differentl one
yakenginy .............. another thing (m), a different
thing (m)
yakurn ................. tell lies (cav)
yakurn nerne ........... you (1) are lying
yakurnnhawunngungu ... you (1) are a liar
yalijke .................. make someone tired/weak (cav)
yalijke ngenamenji ...... he makes me weak
yalijke ngenamenya ..... she makes me weak
yalijke yinamenha ....... you (1) are exhausting me
yampil ................. be slow (cav)
yampil- ................ slow
yampirrajapirri .......... we (including you) will put something into it
yampirrimnyangarri ...... when we (including you) will get
them/it
yangelo? .............. who? (f)
yangelanyji ............. someone (t), I don't know who (f)
yangirnanyji ............ someone (m), I don't know who (m)
yangirni? ............... who? (m)
yangurra? .............. who? (pI)
yarren ................. we, us (not including you)
yarrepen ............... we, us (him/her and I but not you)
yarriyan ................ we (including you) will go
yarriyangem ............ belonging to us (not including you)
yarrutjangarri ........... when we (including you)
come/go ...
A PHAASEBOOlC OF THE I<IJA LANtH1AGE
yQrtem ................. ear
yartepa- ............... intelligent (lit: with ears)
yartepanngungu ........ you (1) are intelligent
yartyart ................ be shaking (cav)
yartyart ngerne ......... he's shaking
yayipen ................ you and I
yijiyan .................. true
yilak ................... down, downhill, under
yilikin .................. inside
yilkuwurri ............... become bad, get angry,
get sick (cav)
yilkuwurri nyimpirn ....... she'll get angry
yilkuwurri- .............. bad/sick
yilkuwurru .............. be bad, be angry, be sick, become bad, get angry, get sick (cav)
yilkuwurru
yilkuwurru
yilkuwurru
yilkuwurru
yilkuwurru
yilkuwurru
ngenani ......
ngenarn ......
ngerne .......
nginini ........
nyerne ........
wanama ......
I was sick/angry/bad
I am sick/angry/bad
he is sick/angry/bad
he was sick/angry/bad
she is sick/angry/bad
he/she got sick, he/she became
angry, he/she became bad
yilkuwurru wumenji ...... he becomes sick/angry/bad
yilkuwurru wumenya ..... shE! becomes sick/angry/bad
yilkuwurru- .............. sick/bad
yilkuwurruk ............. make someone sick/angry/bad,
become sick/angry/bad (cav)
yilkuwurruk ngurlurluk
nginini ................ he got drunk and made himself
sick
yilkuwurruk wanama ..... he/she became sick/angry/bad
yilkuwurruk
wumperramangpe ..... they became sick/angry/bad
,:. Y U W U R R I Y A N GEM
I(
I J A M
yilkuwurrukpi ............ making someone sick/angry/bad
yilkuwurrukpi yinamenha . you (1) are making me angry
yilkuwurrunanyjingake ... maybe I'm not well
yilkuwurrunnga(ke) ...... I'm bad, I'm sick
yilkuwurrunngu(ngu) ..... you (1) are sick/bad
yimperrekthayarre ....... you (more than 2) will bring/
take us
yinginype .............. name
yinpimnha .............. you (1) will get me
yintekpany ............. (you-1) take me!
yintekpanyyarriyu ....... (you-1) take me and him/her!
yintiyi(nha) ............. (you-V give me!
yintiyinhanungu ......... (you-1) give me something for
him!
yirrarn .................. we (not including you) say/do it
yirrarnningi ............. we (not including you) say/do it to
him
yitja ................... you and I go
yitjawanyji .............. maybe you and I can go
yurru! .................. Look out!
yuwarr ................. be aroused, become aroused (cav)
yuwarr wumenjingungu .. he is aroused because of you
yuwarr wumenyangu .... she is aroused because of you
yuwarrke ............... make someone aroused (cav)
yuwarrke nemenhangal. . she's flirting with you
yuwarrke nernenjini ...... he's flirting with you
yuwarrnhawum ..•...... sexy
yuwurrayangem ........ our (belonging to all of us,
including you)
yuwurriyangem ......... our (belonging to all of us,
including you)
yuwurrun ............... we, us (including you)
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Aboriginal man ......... jiyiliny
Aboriginal people ..... jiyiJem
above ................. laame
absolutely! ............. wentha kapa!
absolutely not! ........ nguwanijiyan!
after a while ............ tangempi, kerak
afternoon, in the ........ ngulungulun
afterwards .............. partun
again .................. ngurlanyaliny
aggressive .............. wariwumake someone
aggressive .......... wariwuk (cov)
alcohol ................ kurmgam, ngurlukpu
all of them ............. melakawuya
alright ................. jirrayam, nyungkayam
always ................. jimarrawun. jimarrawuk(ta)
angry, be ............... yilkuwurru (cov)
become angry ....... nguny (cov), warinypu (cov), yi/kuwurri
(cov),
yilkuwurru
(cov)
make someone angry . yilkuwurruk (cov), kangkerrke (cov)
another ................ yakenge-, yakenga-, yakengiappear ................ perap (cov)
arm ................... nganungkum
arouse ................. yuwarrke (cov)
become aroused .... . yuwarr (cov)
ashes .................. kawumpe
at ..................... -n, -jin
aunt (father's sister) ...... kawangel (see Table of Kin Terms)
aware ................. pinarribecoming aware ..... pinarriwu (cov)
-,.
JPUNJDlS
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ba by .................. jangatababy boy ............ karlumpupany. jangatany.
marlimpany
baby girl ............. kananypal,jangatal, rnarlimpal
have a baby ......... wethet (cov)
backside ............... manam
bad ................... yakawarla-, yilkuwurru-, yiJkuwurribe bad .............. yilkuwurru (cov)
become bad ......... yilkuwurri (cov), yilkuwurru (cov)
make someone feel
bad ................ yilkuwurruk
baking powder ......... ramperampem
battery (car) ........... tam wijikengarri nyimperramenpe
beautiful ............... jalungurru-jjumanykarrabecause of that. ........ wayinikana
begin .................. marra (cov), marrarn (cov), marrarna (cov)
behind ................. partun. partunginy. partungali,
partupiny
believe in, .............. marru (cov), tawung (cov), warta (cov)
belly ................... jaam, jarum
better, get/become ..... menkawu
big .................... nawarrabecome big ......... nawarrawu (cov)
billycan ................ kartakpu
birth. give ..... ; ........ wethet (cov)
bite .................... wert (cov)
blacksoil ............... kawampu
blanket. on the ......... panyjale
blind man .............. jarlpurruny
blood .................. kungulum
A PIlRASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGE
>blow one's nose ........ nyuny (cov;)
boab tree .............. jumuluny
.body .................. karajpe
bogged, get ............ nhempat (cov)
boil .................... pun any (cov), punanypunany (cov)
boil, a .................. mirrjiJ
bottle ................... jimpirlany
boy .................... wanyakiny
little boy ............. wanyakiny, wanyangkiny,
winyangkaarrany, wanyakaarrany,
wanyakuwarrany, kurntukany
baby boy ............ karlumpupany, jangatany,
marlirnpany
fat boy .............. paampaampuny
teenage boy ......... purnangkiliny, wanyjiliny
boyfriend .............. ngulngany, ngumparnany
brain .................. kungkulum
bread ................. mayim, mayimpi
break down ............ tang (cov)
breast ................. kamum
bring back . . . . . . . . . . . . . piri (cov), piriwu (cov)
broken ................. teperrngebe broken ............ teperr (cov)
brother (see Table of
Kin Terms) .............. ngajiny, pulungu(ny), pariyi(ny)
building ................ mayarum
burn ................... papij (cov)
bus .................... ngurr(ngurr)kajil, ngurr(ngurr)kalil,
ngurr(ngurr)kirrel, ngurrngurrul
bush, from the .......... kipingarnain the bush ........... kipin
tlWURRIYANGSM
KIJAM
camp .................. taam
in the camp .......... taan
can't .................. nguwan, nguwana
car .................... ngurr(ngurr)kajiJ, ngurr(ngurr)kalil,
ngurr(ngurr)kirre/, ngurrngurrul
cards .................. purujkirrem(pi)
carry .................. wantaj (cov), wantawantaj (cov)
catch .................. wurung (cov)
cave .................. nawan
cease doing something .. kerrij (cov), kirrij (cov)
cereals................. mayim, mayimpi
change ................ kurnakrcov)
change (coins, notes) .... merlkam(a)
cheeky ................ wariwucheque ................ kanarram
child ................... wanyaki-, kurntukachildren ................ wanyanyakim(pi),
winyanyangkem(pi),
kurnturntukam
clearly ................. laarne
coerce ................ walaji (cov)
coins .................. ngarrkalem(pi), merlkam(a)
cold (sickness) .......... kungkurr, kunthurr
cold, become .......... kawilikpu (cov)
come here ............. piyany wuraj
come to me .......... piyanynhangirri
come out .............. perap (cov)
commence ............ marra (cov), marrarn (cov), marrarna (cov)
cook (on coals) ......... wupu (cov), kert (cov)
cooked .............. wupunge-
I
I
corroborees ............ junpam
cough ................. kunthurr (cov)
cough (sickness) ...... kungkurr. kunthurr
11
country ................ taam
in the country ........ taan
countryman ............ ningkiwi-/ningkuwu-
•
•
•
:I
:a
•
D
cousin (see Table of
Kin Terms) ........... '... ngaji-,thamanycrazy .................. wangalabe crazy ............. wangala (cov)
crippled man ........... nyarliwiny
become crippled ..... nyarli (cov)
cross-cousin (see Table of
Kin Terms) .............. ngaji-, thamanycup ................. .. ka~akpu
;I
;&
;I
damper ................ mayim, mayimpi
darling ................. ngulnga-, ngumparna-
a
daughter (See Table of
Kin Terms) .............. wikil, ngapul, ngalangangel
:I
dead .................. kern kademonstrate ............. jirri (cov)
depart ................. marra (cov), marram (cov), marrarna (cov)
I!IloiIIIIIIII
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devil ................... juwarridie .................... kernkak (cov), tijpala (cov)
different ................ yakenge-, yakenga-, yakengidisease ................ kajim
doctor ................. melngarripany, parumanypiny,
murungkurruny
dog .................. . juladon't .................. nguwan, nguwana
down .................. yi/ok
downhill ............. yi/ak
dream ................. kuni
be dreaming ......... kunikuni (cov)
Dreamtime/Dreaming ... ngarrangkarnim
drink ................... ngurluk (cov), ngurlurluk (cov)
drink, a ................. ngurlukpu
drip .................... jintak (cov), jinfakjintak (cov)
drunk .................. wangalabe drunk ............. wangala (cov)
dry, make something .... perrji/ke (cov)
ear .................... ya~em
eat .................... jang (cov), jangjang
(cov)
echidna ............... kernanyjel
end, the ................ kirrijpe/kirrijpu
evening, in the .......... ngulungulun
exchange .............. kurnak (cov)
eye(s) .................. murlum
face ................... mirrngem(pO
fall down ............... pa~arl (cov)
far ..................... ngirripawurrufat boy ................. paampaampuny
feel .................... maj (cov)
feel sad/sorry ......... mulurru (cov)
find .................... ngarayi (cov)
finish ................... kerrij (cov), kirrij (cov)
A PIlRASEBOOI< OF TilE I<IJA LANGUAGE
good runner. ......... wijika/e-
the finish ............. kirrijpe, kirrijpu
fire .................... mamem
.fit have a .............. therrngan (cov), thurrururu (cov),
yartyart (cov)
flat, be ................ . tanyja (cov)
become flat (eg. tyre,
battery) ............ tanyjak (cov)
flirt ..................... yuwarrke (cov), ngu/ngangulnga (cov)
flu ..................... kungkurr; kunthurr
fly. a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pumu/
food
meat food ........... miya/e, miya/em
non-meat food ....... mayim, mayimpi
forehead ............... muwu/um
forever ................. jimarrawun,jimarrawuk(ta)
Fork-tailed Kite .......... kanjalji
friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ja/aji
good with the
opposite sex ........ miyawumake someone/
something good ..... menkawuk (cov)
really good ........... menkawuya-, menkawuyijiyagrandchild (see Table of
Kin Terms) .............. thamany-, kangka-,
ngawujilngawuju. ke/aakigrandparent (see Table of
Kin Terms) .............. thamany-. kangka-.
ngawujilngawuju, ke/aakigravy .................. wurum
grey hair ............... pur/ka
grog ................... kurmgam, ngur/ukpu
ground ................. jHam
ground, on/in the ..... jilan
grow................... nawarrawu (cov)
Gurindji (0 language) .... Kuwurrinype
i•
·.·..... :·.
"."
":"J
game .................. purujkirrem(pj)
get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . piji (cov)
ghost .................. juwarrigirlfriend .............. . ngulnga/, ngumpame/
give ................... waj (cov)
give me! ............. yintiyi(nha),waj pernengirri
go awoy (set off) ........ marra (cov), marram (cov), marrama (cov)
. I
.
/.
./
rr.
go away
............. plYarr.~
PlYarro .•/ marra PlYo
go back ............... piri (cov). piriwu (cov)
go down (eg.tyre.
battery) ............... tanyja (cov), tanyjak (cov)
good .................. menkawugood Rye ........... ,jirrayam, nyungkayam
u
W U R.. R I YeA N.G S.~
K IJ.A.M
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hair .................... tumum
hand .................. marlam
handsome ............ .ja/ungurru-,.jumanykarrahOppy, be .............. ku/uku/u (cov)
have .................. -pahe ..................... nhawun(it), ngurriny, ngurruny
head .................. kungku/um. tumum
headache, have a ..... .·lOOlla/art (cov)
hear ................... rangka (cov)
heart ................. ; kiningim, tulpum, ngarrka/em
in the heart .......... .. kiningen, ngarrkalen, tu/pun
heavy ................. jumpu-, nawarraher .................... nga/en, nga/enta, nge/e/, nge/e/a,
nge/eJi
here ................... ngenengka, ngeneka, perrem,
perrempi, perrema, perremka
. right here ............ ngenengkayana
herself. by .............. nga/ewarriny, ngaJiwarriny,
ngaJiwanytha
hey! ................... we/a!, wer/ayit
=-
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hills .................... ngarrka/em(pi)
in the hills ............ ngarrka/en
him .................... nhawunOt), ngurriny, ngurruny
himself. by .............. nhawuwarriny, nhawuwanytha
hit ..................... thet (cav), thetpany (cav), tawarr (cav),
hit with hand ......... penyek (cav)
hit with something ..... ja/murrk (cav)
hole ................... nawan, kurrkun
into a hole ........... kurrkunkili, kurrkuyurrung,
nawanekili
home .................. taam
home, at ............. taan
honey, bush ............. ngarem(pi)
horrible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jikilihospital ................ wuspita/
at the hospital ........ wuspita/e
hot .................... wa/urrpa-, wa/urrja-, marnijahouse .................. mayarum
how much? ............ kapungerrek(a)
hungry ................. kurninyahusband ............... ngu/ngany, ngumparnany
I
... '" ............... ngayin(ti)
important .............. nawarrain ..................... -n, -jin
injection ............... kur/urrkirrem
inside .................. yilikin
instruct ................. pinarrik (cav)
intelligent .............. yartepa-
Jaru (a language) ....... Jarum
Jaru man ............ Jarupany
jaw ................... . ngankerre
jealous t someone ....... temtem (cav), mungurr (cav)
be jealous of someone/
something .......... temtem (cav), mungurr (cav)
I<
kangaroo (gen) • • • • • • • • • • • jiyirriny
hill kangaroo ......... parawu/
Kija language........... Kijam, Kijampi
Kija man ............. Kijapany
Kija woman ..... '.' ... Kijapa/
kill ..................... thet (cav), thetpany (cav), tawarr (cav)
kiss .................... puny (cav), punypuny (cav)
know .................. ngarra (cav)
beginning to know .... pinarriwu (cav)
knowing/
knowledgeable ...... pinarri-
t See cultural note pAD
A PHRASEBOOK OF THE KIJA LANGUAGE
language .............. jarrakpe, jarrakpu, jarrakpi
lcater on ................ kara, kerak, ngarriwalurn,
ngarriwar/urn, tangempi
lazy ........ , , ...... , ... wangka r/
leak ..... , ; ............ jintak (cov), jintakjintak (cov)
learn ...... , ........... pinarrikpu, pinarriwu
leave .................. marra (cov), marrarn (cov),
marrarna (cov)
leave (something/
someone) ........... kat (cov)
leaves ............ , .... kanarram
left behind when someone
dies. be ............... wayikuk (cov)
left side .... , ........... warukupiny
leg, lower .............. ker/a/pam
leg, upper .............. paliyarram
liar .................... ngalipanhawu-, yakurnnhawu-,
lie ..................... nga/ipa (cov), ngarlipa (cov), yakurn (cov)
lie down ............... paku (cov)
light (Le. not heavy) ..... ramperampem
like (someone/something) marru (cov), tawung (cov), warta (cov)
like that ................ wayini, wayiniya
listen .... , .............. rangka (cov)
little ................... wanyake-/wanyakilittle boy .. , .......... junguliny. kirlipany. kurntukany.
warwakiny. wanyangkiny.
wanyakaarrany. wanyakuwarrany
little girl .............. kananypa/, kirlipa/, kurnawul.
wanyakaarral, wanyakil,
wanyakuwarral, winyangkaarral.
kurntukal
UWURRIYANGSM
KIJAiIi
liver. .... , .............. mirlim
loincloth ....... , ....... jaanim, nakam
long ................... meraangarrilong ago ......... , ... ngamungamum(pj),
ngamu(ngamu)ngun. warnarram
look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tek (cov)
look around for : ...... piya (cov), tek (cov), kaman
(cov)
'look out! ............. yurru!
lots of .................. karntiwapam, waringarrim,
me/akawum
love ............. , ..... marru (cov), tawung (cov), warta (cov)
mad, .. , ............... wangala be mad .............. wanga/a (cov)
become mad ........ wanga/awu (cov)
make someone mad .. wanga/ak(pj) (cov)
make .................. ngarak (cov)
make fun of .......... pirriman (cov), kunyjiri (cov),
pirrkawirrka (cov)
make love ........... ngu/ngangulnga (cov)
make something
submerge ......... , . nyimuk (cov)
man ................... jiyiliny
many .................. waringarrim, me/akawum,
karntiwapam
marijuana ............. kanyja/kanyjampe
maybe ................. -anyji, -wanyji
maybe not ..... , ..... nguwananyji
me . , ................ , . ngayin(fj)
me too ....... , .. , .. , ngayinkamiyi
I
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meaning ............... jarrakpu, jarrakpi
meat .................. miyalem
medicine ............... merrejinpu, menkawukkirrem(pO
men .................. . jiyilem
mentally abnormal ...... wangalabe mentally abnormal. wangala (cov)
north, comes from the . puyurrungmiliNorthern Rosella ........ kultanykultanyel
not ................. ... nguwan,nguwana
nothing ................ nguwan, nguwangarnan
now ................... kelengen, kilingen, kilyingen
milk .................... kamum
mine .......... , ........ ngakenymiss someone ........... kaman (cov)
money ................. kanarram, merntam, ngarrkalem
month ................. karnkim, jawurranype
moon .................. karnkiny
more .................. ngurJanyaliny
mother. ................ kural
motor .................. ngurrngurrkirrem
my .................... ngakenymyself. by .............. ngayiwanytha, ngayiwarriny
N
name .................. yinginype
neck ................... werlam
nephew (see Table of
Kin Terms) .............. karli
never mind ............. kawayin
new ................... kilyingem
niece (see Table of
Kihferms) ............. karlil
nighHrme .............. nyikan(tO
no.; .•................. nguwan, nguwangarnan
noway! .............. nguwanijiyan!
north .................. puwurr
oh well ................. kawayin
oil ..................... wurum
OK .................... jirrayam, nyungkayam
old .................... ngamu(ngamu)nguold man ............. kurakurany, marlukany
old men ............. marlukayilem
old woman ........... nyamanel
old woman,
become an ........ nyamanpu (cov)
old women ........... nyamananim
one ................... jirrawuku-, jirrawuother .................. yakenge-, yakenga-, yakengiothers .................. yakengarram
our (belonging to all of us,
including you) ......... yuwurriyange-, yuwurrayangeour (belonging to us,
not including you) ... yarriyangeover there .............. ngurrun(tO
own, on her............. ngalewarriny, ngaliwarriny.
ngaliwanytha
.
own, on his ........... nhawuwarriny, nhawuwanytha
own, on my ........... ngayiwanytha, ngayiwarriny
' .... ~\..~""' ... ~
~.
~.~~~
""~\
A PIlAASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGS
pain. be in ............. majarr (cov)
pannikin ............... kartakpu
paper ................. mirlimirli
paperbark ............. merntam
party .................. purujkirrem(pi)
pelican ................ taparuny
petrol .................. petaJi. wijikirrem ramperampem
kurrngam
pick up something ...... pip (cov)
play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . puruj (cov)
plenty ................. karntiwapam. waringarrim.
melakawum
point out ............... jirri (cov)
police ................. mernmertkaJim
poor bloke ............. kurlangkiny. merelekpiny
poor girl ............. kurlangkel. merelekpel.
poor thing ............ kakampi
pregnant woman ....... jaakil. jaawal
pubic covering ......... jaanim. nakam
pul/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rerr (cov)
push ................... mengerr (cov)
put down .............. rurt (cov)
put the hard word on somebody
for something .......... walaji (cov)
Q
quickly ............. , ... warangkan
rain .................... jatam(pi)
rainy seasons ......... jatam(pi)
raw .................... kernkareceptacle ............. kartakpu
recognise .............. ngarra (cov)
relation ................ ningkiwi-/ningkuwurepair .................. ngarakrcov)
return .................. piri (cov). piriwu (cov)
rib-bones ............... walampum
right on! ................ wentha kapa!
river. in the ............. nyanakawun
road ................... pananpe. parnanpe
RoseI/o. Northern ........ kultanykultanyel
run .................... wiji (cov)
s
same .................. kinyansame place .......... kinyane
sand ................... warrayel. jilam
see. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tek (cov)
send. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . perra (cov)
set off .................. marra (cov). marrarn (cov). marrarna (cov)
settle down ............. ngarli (cov)
sexy ................... yuwarrnhawushaking. be . . . . . . . . . . . . . mirrmirr (cov). yartyart (cov)
she .................... ngalen, ngalenta. ngelel. ngelela.
ngeleJi
shiver .................. mirrmirr (cov). yartyart (cov)
show . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . jirri (cov)
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shut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thep (cav)
sick .................... yilkuwurri-, yilkuwurru-, warrernpebe sick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yilkuwurru (cav)
become sick ......... yi/kuwurri (cav), yilkuwurru (cav)
make someone sick ... yilkuwurruk (cav)
sing .................... nga/any (cav)
sit down. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rurt (cav)
skinny .................. wanyjasleazing, go around ...... ngu/ngangulnga (cav)
sleep .................. paku (cav)
slow ................... petawu-, yampiJslow, be ................ yampil (cav)
slowly .................. kaartaya
small ................... wanyake-/wanyakismash with something ... ja/murrk (cav)
smoke ................. thulnguny (cav)
snappy gum ............ tha/ngarr
sneeze. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tinyjirucav)
someone (t) • • • • • • • • • • • • • yange/anyji
someone (m) • • • • • • • • • • yangirnanyji
something (I don't
know what) ........... kapaanyji
songs .................. junpam
sore ................... kajim
sorry. make someone .... mere/ekpu (cav)
soup ................... wurum
speak .................. jarrak (cav), jarrakjarrak (cav)
speak about someone
behind their back .... ngurruri, ngurriri (cav)
spear ................. . karlumpuny
spearhead ............. jimpir/any
speech ................ jarrakkirrem, jarrakpu, jarrakpi,
jarrakpe
spicy................... pakarrji-, wariwumake something spicier wariwuk (cav)
spouse ................. ngulnga-, ngumparnastarter motor. ........... tam wijikengarri nyimperramenpe
stay here! .............. pernenha
stew ................... wurum
stick ................... kunyjany
stink ................... ngartpen (cav)
stomach ............... jaam,jarum
stomach ache ........ ka/yu/yum
stoned, be .............. wangala (cav)
stones ................. ngarrka/em(pi)
stop ................... nak (cav), kirrij (cav), kerrij (cav)
story ................... jarrakpe, jarrakpu, jarrakpi, Kijam
stranger. ............... kamaliwastrewth!, ................ wingkernangku!
stroke, have a ........... thurrururu (cav)
strong .................. pakarrji-, wariwumake something
stronger ............ wariwuk (cav)
stuck, become .......... nhempat (cav)
stupid .................. wangalabe stupid ............ wanga/a (cav)
sugar .................. warraye/, jilam, rungalka
sugarbag .............. ngarem(pi)
survive someone ........ wayikuk (cav)
swear .................. rurrij (cav)
!
tablets ................. jur/kurlkum
take ................... munturr (cav)
A PIIRASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGE
take back ............ piri (coV), piriwu
(cov)
teCl .................... nalijam
teach .................. pinarrik (cov), pinarrikpu (cov)
tease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pirriman (cov), kunyjiri (cov),
pirrkawirrka (cov)
teenage boy ........... pumangkiliny, wanyjiliny
teeth .................. minyjuwum
tell lies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ngalipa (cOV), ngarlipa (cov), yakum (cov)
tell stories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jarrakjarrak (cov)
that ................... tathat (f) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ta/' tala, tali, ngurru/(i)
that (m) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • tany, tanya, tanyi, ngurriny,
ngurruny,
that (n) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • tam, tampa, tampi, tamka
that kind of ........... wayinija-, wayinijarrathat over there ....... ngurruthat place ........... tan
that's right! . . . . . . . . . . . ngiyi!
that's why ............ wayinikana
there .................. ngurrun. tiyana
there he is ............ tanyaningki
these .................. perrem, perrempi, perrema,
perremka
thigh ................... pa/iyarram
think ................... lingalinga (cov)
thirsty .................. kurmgawunyja-, kurmgapawurru-,
ngurlukpawurrube thirsty ............. reminy (cov)
this (I) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ngele/, ngelela, nge/eli
this (m). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • nginy, nginyjiny
this (n) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • perrem, perrempi, perrema,
perremka
those .................. tam, tampa, tampi, tamka, tiyama
UWURRIYANGEM
KIJAM
those over there ...... ngurrum(a), ngurruwam
three .................. merrkern(pe)
throw .................. waj (cov), wethet (cov)
thus ................... wayini, wayiniya
tired, be ................ wangkarl (cov)
make someone tired .. yalijke (coV), wangkarlke (cov)
to (a place) ............ -nkili, -yurrung
tobacco ............... ngunyjum
today .................. kelengen. kilingen. kilyingen
tomorrow .............. nyikawa
top ................... . Iaarne
touch .................. maj (cov)
track ., ................ pananpe, parnanpe
traditional owner ........ taawatree (gen) .............. kunyjany
tree, boab ........... jumu/uny
tree, white gum (Eucalyptus
papuana) ........... warlarriny
truck ................... ngurr(ngurr)kaji/, ngurr(ngurr)kalil,
ngurr(ngurr)kirrel, ngurrngurrul
true ................... yijiyan
trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marru (cov), tawung (cov), warta
turkey, bush ............. pinkirrpal
two .................... pangariny, pangarinywarriny,
majarrim, -warriny
ugly ................... jikiliuncle (see Table of
Kin Terms) .............. nyakanyQi)
under. ................. yilak
(cov)
understanding .......... pinarrius (him/her and me
but not you) .... ....... yaffepen
us (including you) ..... yuwurrun
us (not including you) .. yarren
us (you and me) ...... yayipen
utterance .............. jarrakpe, jarrakpu, jarrakpi
vegetables ............. mayim, mayimpi
wait! ................... mamperre! marrke!
walk ................... kir/i (cov), kirlirli (cov)
water .................. kUffngam,kurlum
wave .................. mangan (cov)
we (she/he and I
but not you) ........ ... yaffepen
we (including you) .... yuwurrun
we (not including
you) ............... . yaffen
we (you and I) ........ yayipen
weak. make someone ... ya/ijke (cov), wangkar/ke (cov)
wear someone down .... ya/ijke (cov). wangkar/ke (cov)
west . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ker/iyirr
from the west ......... kerlirrang
what? ................. kapa, kapu, kapuwa
What are they? ....... thuwurra (pI)
what is it? ............ thuwurra (n)
what for? ............ kapakirrem, kapakirrema,
thuwurrawu
what kind of? ........ kapajarrawhat now? ........... karninya
what skin? ........... thuwungewhat's happening? ... kapuwa
what's wrong? ....... kapakirrem, kapakirrema
when? ................. kapukana, kayikana
when will it be? ....... kapukanakili
where? ................ kaya, kayi, kayiwa
where are? .......... kawurra (pI)
where does someone
come from? ........ kayimiliwhere from? ......... kayipiny(aJ
where is? ............ kanga/a (f), karniwa (m), kawurra (n)
where to? ........... kapiya, kapinga, kayakili
whiskers ................ pur/kam
white .................. nge/yakwhite person ......... wajpa/a, kartiya
white woman ......... nyamane/
who? .................. yange/a (I), yangirni (m), yangurra (pI)
whole lot ............... me/akawuya
why? .................. kapakirrem, kapakirrema,
thuwurrawu
wife ................... ngu/nga/, ngumparne/
woman ................ ngalil, /angkurnu/
woman who belongs
to the country ....... taawa/
woman who is good
at getting men ...... miyawu/
woman with a
good figure ......... pirrkapa/
woman with an attractive
backside ............ munkuka/e/
A PHRASEBOOK OF THE KIJA LANGUAGE
woman with nice legs . timpukalel
woman without a
good figure ......... pirrkapawurrul
woman, elderly ....... nyamanel
woman, white ........ nyamonel
women, elderly ......... nyamanonim
women, several ...... ngalingalim
women. white ........ nyamanonim
word .................. jarrokpe, jarrakpu. jarrakpi. Kijam
work ................... warrkampe
wow! .................. wingkemangku!
y
yarn, be having a ....... jarrakjarrak (cov)
years .................. jatam(pi)
yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ngiyi, wentha
yesterday . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ngulungulun
you(1) ................. nymgan,nyinge~nymganff
you (2) ............... nengkerrapen
you (more than two) ., nengkerrawan
you and I ............ yayipen
young girl .........
werlemenef
young girls ........... werferfemenpe
your (1) ................ nyingangkurru-, nyingiyangkurruyour (more than two) .. nengkerriyangei
UWUilRIYANGI>M
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I<IJAM