Document 6514665

ISBN 978-3-934401-20-4
Independent Review on European Security & Defence – Winner of the European Award 2011 for Citizenship, Security and Defence
Volume No 10
Main Topic
Migration
Cyber Security
Disaster around Europe –
how to engage them?
Frontex and the crisis in the
Mediterranean Basin
EU Cyber Security –
how to protect societies
Interview with Ilkka Laitinen
Executive Director, Frontex, Warsaw
Interview with Marietje Schaake MEP,
Strasbourg/Brussels
MIDDLE-EAST: Is the time not right for peace and security?
Edition 2/2011
EDITORIAL
Editorial
The case for European renewal
What most worries me is not the current crises. Such problems as the
In this connection he boldly called for a Euro-
current financial crisis and migration issues can be resolved through
pean defence to foster Europe’s ability to take
determined action by the international community.
responsibility for its own defence and make
the EU into a robust and credible partner for
But the muffled anti-European nationalisms now emerging in virtually
the United States. The defence capability, he
all European societies, and particularly on the far right of the political
said, should be supplemented by a European
spectrum, are genuine cause for concern. They are fuelled by contempt
Civil Defence Force able to respond to humani-
for the political establishment and supported by those who are dis-
tarian crises and take action globally – a pro-
gruntled with the EU.
posal Barnier had made in his report on crisis
This anti-European passion has managed to generate a negative trend
management in 2006.
Hartmut Bühl
across Europe by filling a breach so far left open by a European Union
unable to convey a heartfelt community of values transcending
Plead for a more humanist approach
national concerns.
If Barnier’s call for a more humanist approach focused on human
dignity can be successfully conveyed throughout the EU, that to me
I believe that this trend can be reversed, but that the impetus for such
would be a step forward in itself. It includes a call for a more humanist
a move will have to come from public figures committed to the goal of
approach to refugees. And I also wish the political leaders of the EU
a “new” Europe and with the ideas and dedication to take the intellec-
and its Member States would henceforth refuse to make concessions
tual and spiritual lead in European renewal.
to the right wing and the disgruntled in their countries, as long as the
incorrigible remain unreconstructed.
European renewal
EU-Commissioner Michel Barnier delivered a noteworthy speech on
Barnier’s call to give a renewed Europe the necessary strength through
Europe Day (9 May) at Humboldt University in Berlin, in which he took
a social market economy is compelling. After 60 years, it is still faced
the renewal of Europe as his theme.
with the British free market vision. The only way out is joint pressure
He said that in the current global crisis, the need for Europe is stronger
and persuasion.
than ever, but he wondered whether European citizens still want it and
whether it will still exist in the year 2050.
Michel Barnier has given a great European speech. Asked what the
Europe, he said, has focused too much on the mechanics of integra-
founding fathers would have to say about today’s EU, he said, “They
tion instead of professing the values that bring us together – the spirit
would say that the union of Europeans is not an option, but a vital
of freedom, the quest for social justice and a civic spirit based on hu-
necessity to be able to count, protect ourselves and gain respect.”
manism. What we need, he said, is the desire to be together, and we
must not leave this to the right wing.
Barnier called for an EU political and diplomatic culture, with a European foreign minister using the European diplomatic service (EEAS) to
convey European culture and values.
Impressum
The European − Security and Defence Union
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The copy price is 16 Euro: 3 copies for one year: 42 Euro (Euro EU Subscription).
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© 2011 by ProPress Publishing Group Bonn/Berlin
3
THE EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENCE UNION
Gilles de Kerchove
EU Counterterrorism Coordinator, Brussels
Dr. Einat Wilf MP
Jerusalem
POLICY and POLITICS
Editorial
European Union
Security and Defence
7
24 The CSDP and its developments after Lisbon
Roberto Gualtieri, Strasbourg/Brussels
A renewal of Europe
Documentation
Oliver Bruzek, Aachen
8
How to make Europe a nation?
Lisbon can’t be the end
Simon Busuttil, Strasbourg/Brussels
11 EU Border Guards that Frontex needs
Reduce the influence of nations
Capabilities are still missing
Françoise Hostalier MP and Jean-Pierre Kucheida MP, Paris
27 The CSDP – the way ahead
There is no leadership
Claude France Arnould, Brussels
29 European Defence Agency (EDA):
Role and perspectives
Breakthrough – now!
Ilkka Laitinen, Warsaw
14 Frontex and the crisis in the Mediterranean
The most important SAR organization
Dr. Rainer Martens, Munich
32 Technology for future aero engines
Sophistication of products
Ioan Dascaˇlu, Bukarest
16 The enlargement of “Schengen“ and the new role
for Romania
The country made enormous efforts
Patrick Bellouard, Bonn
34 A success story of European cooperation
10 years of serious work
Murad Bayar, Ankara
37 Right time and proper platform for armament
Europe and the Middle East
cooperation between Turkey and the EU
A reliable partner is looking to Europe
Dr. Einat Wilf MP, Jerusalem
19 For the Palestinians’ Sake
An Israeli sight of the problem
Dr. Matthew Lewitt, Washington
21 While loss of Bin Laden – terrorist threat to the
West remains present
Reduced interest but realistic warning
Michael Hancock MP, London
22 The Arab Spring, Libya and Europe
Europe’s lethargy is not the right way to support
4
Antoine Bouvier, Paris
39 The benefits of 10 years of integration in
the missile sector
An idea, a will and persistence
CONTENT
Murad Bayar
Undersecretary Ministry of National Defence,
Ankara
Claude France Arnould
CEO, European Defence Agency, Brussels
SECURITY and SECURITY SOLUTIONS
Joseph A. Ghattas, Paris
Cyber Security – the threats
and solutions
42 A governance platform for fighting security
threats in a time of transformation
A wake up call for administrations
Marietje Schaake MEP, Strasbourg/Brussels
54 EU Cyber Security – how to protect societies
The rights of citizens to be respected
Hans H. Kühl, Dörpling
44 The CBRN threat and resulting challenges for
Gilles de Kerchove, Brussels
57 Cyber Threat – the need for an EU response
the European Union
A crucial issue for the EU
National responsibilities but common policy
Arne Schoenbohm, Munich
58
EU-Crisis prevention –
new structures and coordination
Cyber crime and cyber war– we have to cease
being passive
The EU is asked to be pro-activ
Hans Das, Brussels
46 The role of the future European Emergency
Response Centre
The Commission is pushing forward
Armed and civil capabilities in crisis
management
General Jean-Paul Palomeros, Paris
Nannette Bühl-Cazaubon, Journalist, Paris
48 Training and preparedness – key elements
60 French Air Force its challenges and commitments
Strong commitment and excellent performance
for the EU crisis and disaster management
Simulation in training is a better spending
Abraham (Avi) Bachar, Tel Aviv
50 The Israeli approach to crisis and consequences
management
A very strong commitment of the society
“The European – Security Defence Union” is the Winner
of the European Award 2011 for Citizenship, Security and Defence
5
SECURITY AND DEFENCE
Turkish defence industries having achieved a global competitive capacity is now keen to cooperate
Right time and proper platform for armament
cooperation between Turkey and the EU
by Murad Bayar, Undersecretary, Ministry of National Defence, Ankara
Considering global trends and current challenges, we have to
ensure that the technologically advanced capability be improved so as to enable us to operate efficiently in the face of a
wide array of diversified threats. A strong and indigenous capability infrastructure will ensure that our national and global
interests are secured. This can be interpreted not only as
building an indigenous defence industry, but also as deepening international defence integration.
Creating synergies – Turkey is keen to cooperate
In addition, taking into account shrinking defence budgets,
especially in Europe, co-operation has become indispensible
in terms of providing best-value solutions to obtain cuttingedge technologies. The international partnership concept is
now being taken more seriously than ever before, as many
nations with similar requirements are eager to collaborate to
create synergies.
Turkey, meanwhile, particularly in the last decade, has made
considerable strides towards its goal of modernising its armed
forces and creating indigenous defence products in order to
reduce arms import-dependency and to cultivate its own export markets. It has been the policy that defence procurement
should, through joint ventures with overseas companies,
provide the stimulus for industrial development. The Turkish
Government has encouraged foreign investment, and there are
a number of very significant co-production deals between
Turkish and foreign companies involving important transfers
of advanced technology to Turkey. Turkey is now keen to
export and remain competitive in the defence sector.
Murad Bayar
Murad Bayar is States Secretary for defence
industries in the Ministry of Defence (SSM) and
is in this position the chief procurement official
of Turkey since 2004.
He is an electronics engineer with master’s
degrees of the North Carolina University and
Yale University.
States Secretary Bayar startet his career 1987 with Turkey´s militaryowned electronic company Aselsan. He worked for the SSM between
1989 and 1998 and engaged1998 at the international consulting firm
Booz Allen Hamilton´s in New York before coming to his actual function.
Turkey has aimed to conduct effective supply activities in
accordance with the expectations of the users, to improve
international cooperation in the field of defence and to establish an effective institutionalized structure to realize the
above-mentioned activities per our Strategic Plan. A growing
trend began in the sector in 2007. $352 million in defence
exports in 2006 has gradually increased to approximately
$830 million in 2009, and sectorial turnover increased to $2.3
billion from $1.7 billion in 2006. Platforms not produced in
Turkey, such as aircraft and submarines, are projects that even
leading countries prefer to implement through consortiums.
Thus, Turkey should aim at supplying the needs of the Turkish
Armed Forces by affiliating our industry with international
consortiums for these projects.
The Turkish procurement policy
Increased competitive capacities of the Turkish
defence industry
Turkey’s procurement policy is implemented by the Under-Secretariat for Defence Industries (SSM), which undertakes technical, financial and industrial project evaluations.
The strategic priorities of SSM are Procurement Management,
Industry and Technology Management and International
Cooperation.
The 2007-2011 Strategic Plan policies published by SSM
include:
• having 50% of system requirements met through local
infrastructure by 2011;
• using cost + contracts for R&D and local development;
• achieving defence exports valued at $1 billion per annum by
2011.
The global competitive capacity of the Turkish defence industry has gradually increased, especially in recent years, and
Turkish companies have become contractors in national
procurement projects and reliable partners in many respectable international projects. Thanks to the international projects, Turkish companies have begun to form an effective
working culture with the world defence industry for new
cooperation opportunities in the future.
International defence industry cooperation has a reciprocal
triggering relationship. As its technological infrastructure improves, our industry strengthens its stance as a suitable candidate for new partnerships, and as it participates in new international projects, it is able to improve its capabilities. One of
37
THE EUROPEAN – SECURITY AND DEFENCE UNION
Turkish Forces participate regurlarly in NATO and EU-Missions
the most important features of Turkey’s new international
cooperation is the role of not only key industrial institutions,
but also of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).
Overlapping security goals and defence priorities
The issue that primarily needs to be addressed at present is
that Turkish and European security goals and defence priorities mostly overlap. This in turn can lead us to try to identify a
mutually beneficial forum where procurement and defence
industry cooperation in the real sense can be pursued.
In parallel with strategies focusing on increasing local capacity
to achieve industrial self-reliance, Turkey has considered
European countries to be among its preferred partners for
major defence systems. These include helicopters, naval
platforms and electronic warfare systems.
Defence cooperation with Europe stems from common threat
perceptions with considerable potential. By being a partner in
large-scale European defence programmes, such as A400M,
and recent joint initiatives in Advanced UAV, Turkey has been
able to enhance its capabilities, integrating them through
“supply chains” into the European industrial base.
In these projects, the Turkish aviation industry entered into
very successful partnerships. The integration of our industry
with international industry, its ability to get more business,
and improving technology and capability via these projects is
still in progress. Similarly, the Turkish aviation industry’s
involvement in the A400M Project developed a culture of
working with the main players in the sector and created potential for new partnerships in critical activities, both in “joint
production” and design and development.
Multinational programmes are mutually supportive
It should therefore be underlined that, given the level of
experience and capabilities obtained over the last decade
38
through multinational programmes,
Turkey’s membership in OCCAR would
surely strengthen armaments cooperation
between Turkey and the EU. For its part,
Turkey has always focused on developing
and maintaining strong relations with its
European counterparts and would like to
see a shift in perception towards the
advantages of its industrial capabilities.
Currently, SSM carries out large-scale
programmes. By 2010, the total contract
volume of its 14 naval platform programmes exceeded $8 billion.
The National Corvette (MILGEM), for
instance, has been designed to meet vaPhoto: ESDU archive
rious requirements, including reconnaissance, surveillance, target identification,
early warning, defence of bases and harbours, anti-submarine
warfare, amphibious operations and surface-to-surface and
surface-to-air warfare. In context of the programme, ASELSAN
and HAVELSAN are responsible for the development and
integration of combat systems, whereas the sonar system has
been designed and developed by TÜBiTAK (The Scientific and
Technological Research Council of Turkey). In that sense,
MILGEM is a unique example of cooperation in the Turkish
defence industry.
Turkish security and defence industries are
enabled for global export
As a result of our continuous efforts to enhance the capabilities of the local industry, fortified with our proven design and
sub-system solutions, the Turkish defence industry now has
the capability to export various systems to various countries
around the world. Yonca Onuk, one of the leading exporters in
the area of composite hulls, has delivered improved rapid-intervention crafts and patrol boats to Georgia, UAE and Pakistan. ASELSAN has delivered the STAMP to Malaysia and the
UAE and signed a contract involving Software Defined Radios
with the Pakistani Armed Forces. In the land sector, FNSS, one
of Turkey’s leading armoured vehicle companies, has signed a
$600 million contract with the Government of Malaysia to
equip their armed forces with Pars IFVs. In 2009, 21% of the
Turkey’s aviation exports were achieved by Alp Aviation.
Turkey attaches great importance to continuing its enhanced
dialogue with the EU, and Turkey’s catalytic role in NATO-EU
relations has led to some tangible changes in the European
perception of defence and security.
In conclusion, all of these accomplishments demonstrate the
Turkish defence industry’s competitiveness and reliability as
partner in the international field.