E f e c

July-December 2013
International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS)
Volume 02, Issue 02
Effectiveness of Manual Hyperinflation Therapy plus Postural Drainage and
Suctioning To Prevent Ventilator Associated Complications
Sumbla A1, Rafaqat A2, Shaukat A3, Kanwal R4, Janjua UI5
Abstract:
Objectives: Aim of this study is to provide evidence based effectiveness of manual hyperinflation therapy plus
postural drainage techniques followed by suctioning to prevent respiratory complications in intubated patients and
gives much better prognosis than other techniques used during chest physical therapy.
Methods: It’s an experimental study conducted on 30 patients for 6 months. Two Groups were selected, 15 patients
in each group were compared. Group A received manual hyperinflation therapy plus postural drainage followed by
suctioning per day 30 min session for 2 weeks, while group B received postural drainage followed by suctioning
technique per day 30 min session for 2 weeks. The test was proved statistically by SPSS, applying t – test. (p=.001)
With α = 0.05 and degree of freedom= 2.
Results: Fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and oxygen saturation (SPO2) were two variables that studied in this
research in both groups showed improvement.
Group A who received manual hyperinflation therapy plus postural drainage and suctioning shows 100%
improvement in FIO2, while in group B 6 % of patients shows complete improvement in FIO2 .Improvement in
SPO2 was calculated by pulse oximeter in which group A shows that 93 % of patients maintain SPO2 between the
97 %– 100% .SOP2 of group B shows that 60% of patients maintain oxygen saturation between 90%-96%.
Conclusions: It is concluded that manual hyperinflation therapy along with postural drainage and suctioning is more
effective than postural drainage and suctioning alone. Emphasize of this therapy is to maintain oxygen saturation ,
re-expand collapsed alveoli and initiate cough reflex in intubated patients, and decrease number of days in ICU due
to respiratory complications
Keywords: Fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2), Oxygen Saturation (FIO2), Manual Hyper inflation Therapy (MH)
Introduction:
1.
name of Deep Breathing Exercises1. A series of
Physiotherapist. Fauji Foundation Hospital
Rawalpindi
2. Clinical Instructor. IIRS, Isra University
Islamabad
3. HOD Department of Physiotherapy, Shifa Tameee-millat University
4. Assistant Professor, RCRS, RIU ISlamabad
5. Senior Lecture, GIRS, Gujranwala
Correspondence:
Ali Rafaqat. Physiotherapist, IIRS Isra University
Islamabad Campus, Farashtown
E-mail: alirafaqat64@gmail.com
techniques were later on added to the list. Percussion,
positive
clapping and vibration were used to help patients in
Spirometry and hyperinflation Therapy.
sputum
time
Manual Hyperinflation Therapy came into practice in
mechanical breathing devices were introduced like
1960 .MH Therapy was found effective in Heart
continuous Airway pressure breathing, intermittent
rhythm abnormalities, segmental collapsed and Chest
Pulmonary Physical Therapy was first introduced in
Chicago by the combined efforts of a few Oxygen
tank technicians and pulmonologists later on their
efforts were recognized by Inhalation Therapy
Association in1946. One of the first methods of
Pulmonary Physical Therapy was recognized with the
clearance.
With
the advent
of
Airway
pressure
breathing,
Incentive
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July-December 2013
International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS)
expansion inabilities
2, 3.
Volume 02, Issue 02
.The procedure of MH
variables of the study were Manual hyperinflation
involves the discontinuation of the patient from the
therapy technique and Postural drainage Dependent
ventilator and inflating the lung with Manual
variables of the study were Oxygen saturation
Resuscitating Bag followed by mechanical suctioning
(SPO2) and Fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2)
of sputum using normal saline through tracheostomy
tube. 4
Results:
Postural drainage is position that assist gravity to
allow secretions to move from more periphery lung’s
segments to segmental bronchus and superior
Fraction of inspired oxygen for weaning is 0.30L or
30%.15 For normal healthy person FIO2 is 22% of
atmospheric pressure. For normal healthy person
airways. 19 lung segments are drained by eleven
SPO2 range from 97% to100% but oxygen saturation
postural drainage positions but in ventilated patient’s
above 90% is also satisfactory without external
position
depend
upon
the
individual
patient
condition. Transient decrease in oxygen is noticed
during postural drainage for few minutes but it
returns to base line after some time, FIO2 demand
increases with postural drainage so ventilator
adjustment is required to meet the increasing demand
of FIO2 prior to postural drainage. Duration of
postural drainage varies from 15 to 60 min depending
on
patient tolerance and amount
of sputum
production, per segment duration is three to fifteen
min.5
support and SPO2 below 90% and in some studies
below88% is not considered normal.
Normal SPO2 should be around 95-100%. SPO2 is
the measure of the percentage of hemoglobin that has
already bound with oxygen. A healthy person who
does not smoke normally has a 98% SPO2. Devices
that are used to detect oxygen ions the blood are
called pulse oximeter.
14
After Treatment of 2 Weeks
Session on Each Patients Statistics
Comparison of FIO2 of Group A and Group B
All patients treated by manual hyperinflation therapy
plus postural drainage and suctioning maintain their
Methods & Material:
level of FIO2 between 30%- 35%after 2 weeks
Experimental (RCT) Study Design was utilized.
session, of each patient daily and these patients are
Study took place in Intensive Care Unit of Fauji
ready for weaning and this will prevent their
Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi.: The study took Six
ventilator induced complications.
Months for completion. The Sample Size of 30
patients was chosen using Simple Random Sampling
technique. Based on inclusion criteria, admitted
patients in Fauji Foundation Hospital were included
in the study between the ages of 15 to 60 years
irrespective of gender difference. 15 patients were
selected for experimental and 15 for control group
missing rate is 0% and control group rate of turnover
is also 100% with 0% missing rate.
Independent
Figure 1: FIO2
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July-December 2013
International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS)
Volume 02, Issue 02
In figure 1 group B receives only postural drainage
In figure 3 group B oxygen saturation is measured
and suctioning it shows that only 6 % of patients in
by pulse oximeter shows that 60% of patients show
this group have maintained their FIO2 level of 30%
improvement in oxygen saturation but not up to
to 35% during 24 hours and ready for trial wean off
100% while in 40% of patients xygen saturation is
session and prevent development in pulmonary
below 90% after 2 weeks therapy session in each
complications .while 60 % of patients shows
patient they still need ventilatory support and
fluctuation in levels of FIO2 between 40%-50% and
respiratory therapy to achieve required level of
FIO2 of 33% patients is not up to the level of trial
oxygen saturation .
wean off because they shows variation in the FIO2
reading between 60% to 80% they did not
maintaining their level of FIO2 up to 30% for 24
hour and not considered for normal weaning.
Figure 4: FIO2 Both Groups
In figure 4 Cross comparison of fraction of inspired
oxygen of both group shows that maximum patients
Figure 2 SPO2(A)
In figure 2 group A 93.% patients maintain their
maximum oxygen saturation after 2 weeks session of
MH plus postural drainage and suctioning, while 6%
patients required external oxygen support to
of group A are ready for weaning after 2 week
therapy
session(MH,postural
drainage
and
suctioning)
In group B only 6 % patients reached upto the level
of weaning of FIO2
maintain their oxygen saturation level above 90%and
up to 96% .
Figure 5: SPO2 Both Groups
Figure 3:SPO2(B)
According to SPO2 group A shows 93% patients
maintain their oxygen saturation near to normal after
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July-December 2013
International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS)
Volume 02, Issue 02
2 weeks session while in group B 9 patients show
According the study of Patman S When MH
improvement in oxygen saturation of up to 90% -
performed in stable patients it decrease the FIO2 but
96% oxygen, while 6 patients does not show any
how much it is effective it’s not clear 11
improvement at all as their SPO2 range is below than
Nancy D Ciesla proves that Respiratory therapy in
90% which is non -satisfactory and give poor
intensive care unit detention decrease the pulmonary
prognosis about patients improvement
secretions by increasing the mobility of secretions
from bronchi towards trachea this will improve
concentration of FIO2 and resolved or prevent
Discussion:
According to the study Ntoumenopoulos .G it is
atelectasis.12
explained that two groups received on mechanical
Manzano RM study is basically to assess the
ventilator received physical therapy treatment is
effectiveness of manual hyperinflation therapy in
conducted to decrease incidence of nasocomial
pneumonia. After this study it’s proved that
reducing development of pneumonia and reduce time
of stay in intensive care unit13
frequency of pneumonia is reduced in control group.6
.Berney S and Denehy L study helps to enhance the
Conclusion & Recommendations:
effect
by
Clinically it is determined that chest physical therapy
improving static pulmonary compliance and clearing
interventions helped in removing the secretion from
of
hyperinflation therapy treatment
pulmonary secretion
7
the lung , improve the chest expansion, oxygen
Study of Blattner C proves that Use of hyperinflation
saturation and reduced the ICU stay of the
therapy with manual resuscitation bag, PEEP and
experimental group. It is indicated that manual
suctioning in experimental group is more effective to
hyperinflation therapy has great role to improve
maintain lung compliance as compare to control
SPO2, FIO2, and helps to prevent the development of
group that received suctioning only.it reduce hospital
respiratory complications associated with long term
stay and while post-operative complication are same
ventilator support. It is expected that this study will
in both groups.
8
have significant role in the field of physical therapy.
Lemes DA study proves that in experimental group
This study provides evidence based facts about the
secretions clearance is more than control group
effectiveness of manual hyperinflation therapy, MH
because technique used in experimental group is
is helpful not only for the respiratory complications
ventilator induced hyperinflation performed in side
but it also maintain heart rate and respiratory rate up
lying as compare to position of side lying alone9
to normal level.
Choi JS
This study shows
study proves that manual hyperinflation
that
benefit
of
manual
therapy in combination with suctioning draw better
hyperinflation therapy augment the patient recovery
results as compare to suctioning alone because value
,but still awareness about the respiratory therapy in
that is calculated from data shows MH with
Pakistan is not at the satisfactory level, other health
suctioning reduces the incidence of
professionals have some misconceptions about the
pneumonia10
aspiratory
respiratory therapy that should be settled by
25
July-December 2013
International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS)
physiotherapists and other health professional and
work in collaboration with each other
15.
complications in mechanically ventilated trauma
A team of
patients ,Anesthesia and intensive care (5):492-
pulmonologist, anthesiologist and physiotherapist is
best combination for those patients who are on
Volume 02, Issue 02
49
7.
Berney S, Denehy L 2002; A comparison of the
ventilator support. Nursing staff of intensive care unit
effects of manual and ventilator hyperinflation
have at least basic knowledge of respiratory therapy
on static lung compliance and sputum production
so they can maintain patient’s vitals between the
in intubated and ventilated intensive care
therapy
patients, Physiotherapy Research International;
sessions
by
regular
postural
change,
suctioning and positioning. There is a need for further
well designed clinical trials; more research is needed
7(2):100-108
8.
Blattner
C,
Guaragna
JC,
Saadi
E,
to establish a uniform method of defining respiratory
2008,Oxygenation and static compliance is
problems associated with ventilator and developing
improved
outcome measures which are valid, reliable, and
hyperinflation
responsive in affected people
revascularization: a randomized controlled trial,
immediately
after
early
following
manual
myocardial
Australian Journal of Physiotherapy;54(3):173178
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International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS)
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15. S.P.Stawicki, 11/2007;icu corner mechanical
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