LESCO Magazine Ujala for the Month of August 2013

Transcription

LAHORE ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY
Quaid s Quote
“
I have lived as plain Mr. Jinnah
and I hope to die as plain
Mr. Jinnah. I am very much
averse to any title or honours
and I will be more than happy
if there was no prefix to
my name.
“
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Participants of USAID Utility Exchange Program on the visit of Philippines
historical fort San Pedro, CEBU
Editor’s Note
Dear readers:
Patron In Chief
Arshad Rafique
CEO LESCO
Anti electricity theft drive of LESCO is in full swing. LESCO CEO is
personally monitoring the operations. The nation as a whole must stand
up against the menace of electricity theft, which is causing a loss of
billions of rupees and also increasing the load shedding.
Chief Editor
Sagheer Ahmad
LESCO UJALA - AUGUST 2013
Regards
02
(HRD LESCO)
Editor
Editor
Aurangzeb Tanvir
Aurangzeb Tanvir
LESCO Media Manager
lescopr@gmail.com
+92 42 99204820-30
Editorial Team
A.Basit Rauf
Photographer
Fazal Shah
Join H
ands w
ith
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readers on LESCO website www.lesco.gov.pk
USAID
UTILITY EXCHANGE PROGRAM
Aurangzeb Soharwardi
One such program was planned for
customer services and Public Relation officers
of various DISCOs in Philipine from 10 june to
14 june 2013. A total of 11 officers participated
in this program, in which I was also one of the
participant. After completing all documentation
and VISA formalities , the participants were
called in USAID office in Islamabad on 7 june
2013 for briefing and coordination. Director HR
& Change management USAID and HR Manager
USAID briefed the participants about the
travelling schedule, Boarding/Lodging, various
visits and the training program in Philipine. The
group had to travel to Bangkok by a flight of Thi
air ways on 8 june 2013 and then to Manila Philipine. The participants were excited and
exhilarated because most of them were having
their ever first international travelling
experience. We reached Manila, our first
destination by after noon.
The group was received and well come by
Andrew Palmatere , a young representative of
USEA, who was our host and coordinator in
Philipine. The Philippines, officially known as
the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino:
Repúblika ng Pilipinás), is a sovereign state in
Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean.
The name Philippines is derived from that of
King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy
López de Villalobos during his expedition in
1542 named the islands of Leyte and Samar
Felipinas after the then Prince of Asturias.
Eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas
would be used to cover all the islands of the
archipelag To its north across the Luzon Strait
lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea
sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies
between the country and the island of Borneo,
and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it
from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on
the east by the Philippine Sea. Covering almost
three hundred thousand square kilometers
(over 115,000 sq mi) makes it the 73rd largest
independent nation and an archipelago
comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is
categorized broadly into three main
geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.With a
population of more than 103 million people the
Philippines is the seventh most populated Asian
country and the 12th most populated country
in the world. An additional 12 million Filipinos
live overseas. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan
in 1521 marked the beginning of an era of
Spanish interest and eventual colonization. In
1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos
named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in
honor of Philip II of Spain. The Spanish Empire
began to settle with the arrival of Miguel López
de Legazpi from New Spain (present dayMexico) in 1565 who established the first.
municipalities, and 42,025 barangays. In
addition, Section 2 of Republic Act No. 5446
asserts that the definition of the territorial sea
around the Philippine archipelago does not
affect the claim over Sabah.
The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107
islands with a total land area, including inland
bodies of water, of approximately 300,000
square kilometers (120,000 sq mi). Its 36,289
kilometers (22,549 mi) of coastline makes it the
country with the 5th longest coastline in the
world.[3][84] It is located between 116° 40',
and 126° 34' E. longitude and 4° 40' and
21° 10' N. latitude and is bordered by the
Philippine Sea to the east, the South China Sea
to the west, and the Celebes Sea to the south. As
of 2011, the Philippines has become the world's
Participants of USAID Utility Exchange Program on the visit of Customer Services
Centre located in Manila city
Spanish settlement in the archipelago,
which remained a Spanish colony for more than
300 years. On July 4, 1946, the Philippines
attained its independence. Immediately after
World War II, the Philippines faced a number of
challenges. The country had to be rebuilt from
the ravages of war. The Philippines has a
democratic government. It is a constitutional
republic with a presidential system. It is
governed as a unitary state with the exception
of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
which is largely free from the national
government. The Philippines is divided into
three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao.
As of March 2010, these were divided into
17 regions, 80 provinces, 138 cities, 1,496
12th most populous nation, with a population
of over 94 million. It is estimated that half of the
population resides on the island of Luzon. The
population growth rate between 1995 to 2000
of 3.21% decreased to an estimated 1.95% for
the 2005 to 2010 period, but remains a
contentious issue. The population's median age
is 22.7 years with 60.9% aged from 15 to 64
years old. Life expectancy at birth is 71.94
years, 75.03 years for females and 68.99 years
for males. There are about 11 million Filipinos
outside the Philippines. The Philippines is a
secular nation having a constitution separating
the state and church. However, more than 90%
of the population are Christians: about 80%
belong to the Roman Catholic Church while
10% belong to other Christian denominations,
T
he power sector of Pakistan is
f a c i n g n u m e r o u s
multidimensional challenges. To
negotiate these, a comprehensive Power
distribution improvement program is
under way in collaboration with USAID.
One of the important component of this
collaboration is Utility exchange
program, which caters for the training of
officers of the distribution companies in
various business funct ions and
disciplines.
03
04
such as the Iglesia ni Cristo, the Philippine
Independent Church, the Seventh-day Adventist
Church, United Church of Christ in the
Philippines, and Jehovah's Witnesses.
As a result of Spanish cultural influence,
the Philippines is one of two predominantly
Roman Catholic countries in Asia, the other
being East Timor, a former Portuguese colony.
Between 5% and 10% of the population are
Muslim, most of whom live in parts of
Mindanao, Palawan, and the Sulu Archipelago
an area known as Bangsamoro or the Moro
region. As of 2008, there are about 67.9 million
cellular phone subscribers in the Philippines.
Text messaging is a popular form of
communication and has fostered a culture of
quick greetings and forwarded jokes among
Filipinos. In 2007, the nation sent an average of
one billion SMS messages per day. Out of this
growing number of avid text message senders,
over five million of them use their cellular
phones as virtual wallets, making it a leader
among developing nations in providing
financial transactions over cellular networks.
The Philippine Long Distance Telephone
Company commonly known as PLDT is the
owned electric utility serving roughly a quarter
of the estimated 94 million population of the
Republic of the Philippines. It was organized as
the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company
107 years ago in 1903 to provide electric light
and power and an electric street railway system
to Manila and its suburbs. In 1969, Meralco
became the very first billion-peso company in
the Philippines. This was all the more
remarkable because much of it had been
achieved without recourse to government
guarantees. In the 1970's, the Philippine
Government made it a state policy for the
government to own all major generating
facilities. Meralco sold its generating plants to
the National Power Corporation, and electric
distribution became its core business. Indeed, in
the first half of the 1980's, Meralco's franchise
area tripled in area from 2,678 square
kilometers to 9,337 square kilometers. The
peak demand of the company was 5633 MW to
feed 5185200 customers. The company had
5960 employees with customer /employee
ratio of 870/1. ERC acts as regulating agency
with very strict policies and vibrant mechanism
of regulation. It had 8 major delivery points(grid
leading telecommunications provider. It is also
the largest company in the country. Its wholly
owned subsidiaries Smart Communications and
Piltel, along with Globe Telecom of the Ayala
Group, BayanTel, and Sun Cellular are the major
cellular service providers in the country.
There are approximately 383 AM and 659
FM radio stations and 297 television and 873
cable television stations. For our first visit Next
morning, we were ready after a sumptuous
breakfast in the hotel lobby , where we were
received by mr Andrew to take us to our first
official visit to one of the leading companies of
Manila that was MERALCO the Largest
distribution utility in the Philippines. It serves
25% of the Philippine population -9,337 km2
footprint. Accounts for 50% of Philippine Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) 60% of Philippine
manufacturing output generated within the
franchise area . Generates 75% of Luzon's and
55% of Philippine electricity sales. Social,
political, economic center of the Philippines
.Sales revenues of Php256.8 billion, equivalent
to US$5.9 billion. Market capitalization of
Php278.6 billion, equivalent to US$6.4 billion
at the end of 2011. MERALCO is an investor-
stations) and 80 sub stations(feeders) with 69
kv/138 kv system. The wonder full thing about
meralco was that its business philosophy is
three tears Customer-community-country,
which linked all its operations to a bigger cause,
there by leading to better image building
.MERALCO had state of the art tech-intensive
systems and is making best possible use of
social media, information technology and
mobile communications.
SCADA was being used for power quality,
Outage management system and automatic
load frequency control. Other important efforts
being implemented in meralco were:- Open
access Innovation/creativity, Focus on
organizational culture and organizational
transformation, customer centricity ,customer
response time 4.6o min, call pick up time 13
sec, Home area net work, Home energy
management systems, Meralco amphibious
vehicle for repair and maintenance in storms
and typhones, Consumption of each consumer
is displayed on internet.
A relationship manager for each industrial
cluster and each big industry, energy
conservation campaigns by the name BRIGHT
IDEAS, Prizes to best journalists and most
cooperative industrialists in annual dinner,
Strong research h and development, customer
analysis, sales fore casting, very pragmatic
corporate social responsibility programs latest
equipment and cameras for meter reading,
easily accessable customer service centers with
bill payment facilities too, incentives for
customers in case of de loading in crises times,
employee engagement and training, corporate
quality assessment surveys, internal customer
service management, keeping in touch sessions
with employees and other stake holders, GUEST
philosophy of customer service which says
Greet, Use name, Eye contact, Smile, Thank you ,
energy education programs for customers. Two
days interactive sessions were planned in
meralco during which meralco served us with
tea/coffee and delight full lunch in there
artistically decorated lunch room. From Manila
the group moved to an other sea bound , 2ND
largest city of Philipine, CEBU by philipine air
line on 12 june 2013 for the second leg of out
study tour. CEBU is a wonder full city with same
enthusiasm and charm like Manila but less
traffic congestions and less population. The
next morning was misty and hazy when we
moved to visit Vassaya Electric company, CEBU.
Visayan Electric Company, Inc. (VECO) is the
second largest electric utility in the Philippines.
It serves the cities of Cebu, Mandaue, Talisay,
Naga and four municipalities of the greater part
of Metro Cebu - Liloan, Consolacion, Minglanilla
and San Fernando. Its franchise service covers
an area of about 674 km2 with an estimated
population of 1.73 million. VECO utilizes
various state-of-the-art technologies in its
operations to improve its efficiency and service.
It uses a SCADA (Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition) system to monitor and control
its electric distribution assets via remote
control. It also has a GIS (Geographic
Information System) to map and manage its
facilities. It has two full service centers
equipped with Voice Over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) telephone system integrated with a
Customer Relation Management System
(CRMS). The first full service center is located at
SM City Cebu while the second one, intended to
serve the needs of customers in the southern
part of the franchise area, is in Talisay City.
VECO is owned and managed by publicly-listed
Aboitiz Power Corporation (PSE: AP) and Vivant
Corporation.
Approximately 800 individual
shareholders comprise the VECO shareholders'
roster. Electricity demand of 430 MW. Electric
power delivered to your home or business is
typically generated in large centralized power
plants of National Power Corporation-Power
Sector Assets and Liabilities Management (NPCPSALM) and independent power producers
(IPPs). Power then travels over long distances
via high-voltage transmission lines (138kV or
230kV) of National Grid Corporation of the
Philippines (NGCP), which are interconnected
in a grid or network configuration. From the
transmission system, power travels by means of
69kV sub-transmission lines to 13 VECO
distribution substations with a total capacity of
410MVA that are strategically located within its
franchise area.
From these substations, distribution lines
operating at medium-voltage levels of 23kV,
13.8kV and 4.16kV, disperse the power
throughout Cebu City and nearby
municipalities. The power then travels from the
distribution line through a service transformer
located in close proximity to your home or
business establishment. Electricity enters the
customers' premises at low-voltage levels (220
or 440V) through overhead conductors (wires)
which connect to the kilowatt-hour (kWh)
meter. From the meter, or point of service,
power flows along conductors to the main panel
which contains the main breaker. The main
breaker's duty is to provide protection for the
entire facility.
And finally, branch circuits deliver power
for lights, appliances, and electric outlets within
the residences while industrial and commercial
facilities have additional branch circuits for
heating, ventilation and air-conditioning. Thus,
the 285,825 VECO customers (June 2007) are
assured of an efficient and stable voltage level
for utilization. As of June 2007, VECO
registered its highest demand of 312.55
Megawatts (MW). Although VECO was much
smaller company as compared to Meralco but
we were excited to see many operations
organized in VECO at power with Meralco. The
Senior managers and GMs were very hospitable
and humble. We were received by Mr Ricky
lacson and his very fine team and briefed about
the company. The environment was very cordial
and professional. Arrangements for tea/coffee
were made in the room so that the participants
could enjoy during the lectures. We were
impressed to note the following important
things happening in VECO:Brailed bills are prepared for blind
customers for their easy reading and
understanding, Interrupted load program is
being managed, EMC-Elevated meter centers
are being installed from saving them from
tempering, Mobile repair and maintenance
teams work round the clock with
communication systems, Changed over head
system to insulated wires, Very strong customer
information system, Working on planned power
outage advisory, Public apology is saught from
electricity thieves in news papers with their
photograph, Stake holder's mapping sessions
with graph of existing and desired relationship
standards.
It was undoubtedly a great learning
experience to have a study tour of power
distribution companies of two cities( Manila/
CEBU) of Philipines. Besides a wonderful
international exposure, I was exposed to a very
professional and technology intensive work
environment, customer centric philosophy and
systems, which enabled me to understand
modern customer service and PR practices. The
management of both the companies was
hospitable, courteous and willing to share the
knowledge. The regulatory system was also
very stringent and potent, there by maintaining
a competitive and well regularized electricity
generation and distribution system. I also had
the opportunity to explore philipine, socially
and culturally by visiting various prominent
places, markets and localities. I had the rare
opportunity to interact with Filipino
professionals, managers, workers and general
public to know about their customs and
traditions too. Over all this was indeed a life
time opportunity to visit philipine through
utility exchange program. One Best Practice
which can be implemented in our DISCO can be
the Integrated Modern customer service
centers and call centers can be established to
facilitate consumer complaints management.
PDC should also be integrated with the call
centers. All these functions should be under
customer service director.
Communications: (Customer Outreach,
correspondence, communication strategy,
social responsibility and IT Communication
adopted at the host power companies)
MERALCO: Own monthly magazine
POWER CLUB, Pamphlets/brouchers and
mobile phone sms information campaigns, A
well thought of communication strategy, based
on the concept of integrating all the stake
holders, Very extensive and pragmatic
corporate social responsibility programs,
focusing on power sector only, Effective use of
social media and mobile phone sms
communications; Vast net work of customer
centers, particularly in every shopping mall.
VECO CEBU: Pamphlets/brouchers and
hall mark of both the companies was customer
centricity. Both companies had all the customer
related activities under one roof and all the
applications, complaints and billing was under
one director which facilitated the customer
service process a lot, Effective use of social
media and mobile communications was very
extensive and many programs were being
under taken by the companies for customer
awareness, Bill payments procedure was very
consumer friendly and within easy access of
customers, Response time to mitigate consumer
complaints was shortest possible and prompt,
enabling to raise the level of customer
satisfaction. Based on the study tour the
suggested Improvements in DISCO's Training
Programs can be:Training programs should be organized
regularly but with the duration of minimum 15
days to effectively cover the training contents
and programs, Training evaluation must be
done by adopting multipronged techniques,
Post training report and implementation in
respective DISCOs must be ensured ,Before
sending the group to training, a pre training
must be conducted to emphasis on
mobile phone sms information campaigns, A
well thought of communication strategy , based
on the concept of integrating all the stake
holders, Very extensive and pragmatic
corporate social responsibility programs,
focusing on power sector only, Effective use of
social media and mobile phone sms
communications
Employee Communications: (Provide
details on Motivation, Management Challenges,
Recruiting, Crisis Management, Social Media,
Coaching, Internal branding at the host power
companies).
As far as Media and Public Relations were
concerned, Both the companies had media
policy and communication strategy. They are
making best possible use of social media and
mobile phone communications. Constant media
interaction was the key of both the companies.
In both companies there was a policy of issuing
media releases for only very important events.
Undue exposure and extensive media
interaction was being avoided. PR departments
were well established with latest technology
and state of the art equipment.
Talking about the Customer Services, The
improvement of spoken English, ethics, cultural
norms and other dos and donts, Maximum
training programs to be conducted in the
countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, Turkey, UAE
and China, Only relevant and related officers to
be selected for trainings, who on their return
can be use full for the company, The CEOs to
make the best possible use of the trained
officers by assigning them various projects to
improve the systems and working of DISCOs.
The Recommendations for Improvement
in our DISCOS can be :Billing, customer service centers, call
centers and new connection / re-connection
procedure should all be under customer service
director PDC and call centers must work jointly
to update consumers, Customer information
system and outages management system must
be implemented in DISCOs. More automated
systems to be in place, PR Departments must be
under customer service director and should be
fully equipped with modern gadgets and
communication tools, Regional training centers
must be upgraded and extensive training
programs for officers and staff must be
conducted there.
05
“
TOP 15 THINGS
YOU Don't KNOW ABOUT
HEART!
1.An average heart pumps 2.4 ounces (70
millions) per heartbeat. And, as we already
mentioned, an average heartbeat is 72 beats per
minute. Therefore an average heart pumps 1.3
gallons (5 liters) per minute. In other words it
pumps 1,900 gallons (7,200 liters) per day,
almost 700,000 gallons (2,628,000 liters) per
year, or 48 millions gallons (184,086,000
liters) by the time someone is 70 years old.
That's not bad for a 10-ounce pump.
2.The heart holds a special place in our
collective psyche well. Off course the heart is
synonymous with love. It has many other
associations, too. Here are just a few examples:

Have a heart- be merciful

Change of heart-change your mind

To know something by heart-memorize
something

Broken heart-to lose love

Heartfelt-deeply felt

Have your heart in the right place-to be
kind

Cry your heart out-to grieve

Heavy heart-sadness

Have your heart set on-to want something
badly
06
3.Everyone's pulse (average heart rate per
minute) changes as we age. Here is a chart of
average pulse rates at different ages:

Age pulse

Newborn 130

3 months140

6 months130

1 year120

2 years115

3 years100

4 years100

6 years100

8 years90

12 years85

Adult60-100
4.21 days after conception, he human
heart begins beating at 70 to 80 beats per
minute and accelerates linearly for the first
month of beating.
5.the thumb rules for a layman to take care
of his heart is diet- less of carbohydrate, more of
protein, less oil 2.Exercise half an-hour's walk,
at least five days a week; avoid lift and avoid
sitting for a longtime 3. Quit smoking 4. Control
weight 5. control blood pressure and sugar
6.a new study published in the American
journal of clinical nutrition' show that, in older
patients, walnut consumptions can lower
density lipoprotein cholesterol, thought to
promote heart disease.
7. Special group of cells makes your heart
beat that have the ability to generate electrical
activity on their own. These cells separate
charged particles. Then they spontaneously
leak certain charged particles into the cells. This
produces electrical impuses in the pacemaker
cells which spread over the heart, causing it to
contract. These cells do this more than once per
from front to back, and is roughly the size of
your fist. The average weight of a female human
heart is 9 ounces and a male's heart is 10.5
ounces. The heart comprises less than 0.5
percent of the total body weight.
10.Blood pressure is the force of the blood
against the artery walls. High blood pressure
and low blood pressure can both cause
cardiovascular problems.
11.Heart disease is a special concern for
women because they do not always have the
same symptoms as men. Women's hormonal
changes may affect heart disease risk.
Estrogen's presence in higher amounts in
younger women is believed to maintain a lower
heart risk for them. However both hormone
replacement therapy (HRT) and birth control
pills and may increase women's heart risk. The
myth about heart disease that it happens only to
older men could have been fatal.
12.The heart of the vertebrate is
composed of cardiac muscle, an involuntary
muscle tissue which is found only within the
organ. The average human heart, beating at 72
beats per minute, will beat approximately 2.5
billion times during lifetime (66 years).
13.The valves of the heart were discovered
by a physician of the Hippocratean School
around the 4th century BC. However their
function was not properly understood then.
Because blood pools in the veins after death,
arteries look empty. Ancient anatomists
assumed they were filled with air and that they
were for transport of air.
second to produce a normal heart beat of 72
beats per minute.
8.When someone listens to your heart
with a stethoscope the sound is often described
as lub-dub lub-dub. The first heart sound (lub)
is caused by the acceleration and deceleration
of blood and a vibration of the heart at the time
of the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves.
The second heart sound (dub) is caused by the
same acceleration and deceleration of blood
and vibrations at the time of closure of the
pulmonic and aortic valves.
9.As far size and weight of your heart, it is
5 inches long, 3.5 inches wide and 2.5 inches
14.The heart of cattle, sheep, pigs,
chickens and certain fowl are consumed in
many countries. They are counted among offal,
but being a muscle, the taste of heart is like
regular meat. It resembles venison in structure
and taste.
15.Medical scientist has developed
electronic devices such as defibrillators,
pacemakers, and artificial heart models that can
keep the patient alive until a heart becomes
available. one of the best known devices is the
Jarvick-7 artificial heart, named for its
designer Robert k. javrick, an American
physician. The action of the artificial heart is
entirely similar to the action of the natural
heart.
Wind, Water and Steam
a Triple Win for Turkey's
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
O
power generation from different renewable
sources within the country, while decreasing
energy intensity and environmental impacts
over the coming decade. Two key documents
the Electricity Market and Security of Supply
Strategy and National Energy Efficiency
Strategy
are paving the way for these
improvements by respectively calling for
Turkey to meet a target of 30% for renewable
energy production in the country and to reduce
its energy intensity levels (energy consumption
of energy per unit of GDP) by 20% between
2011 and the end of its Centennial year.
With much of Turkey's energy supply
coming from outside of its own borders and
fossil fuel consumption in the country on the
rise leading to rising levels of carbon dioxide
this shift toward locally produced, renewable
In recent years Turkey has developed
several energy strategies that prioritize the
local production of energy from wind,
hydropower, and geothermal sources by local
companies and emphasize the need for
improved energy efficiency in the country. With
an eye toward its centennial in 2023, the
country is committing itself to several
ambitious action plans designed to increase
energy and improved energy efficiency
represents a potential triple win for the country
simultaneously increasing domestic energy
generation, decreasing CO2 levels, and spurring
growth among Turkey's small, medium, and
large energy companies. Today, Turkey imports
more than 60% of its energy - much of it in the
form of fossil fuels - despite an abundance of
untapped, renewable energ y sources
throughout the country. Although Turkey ranks
number one in the world in terms of growth rate
for wind energy plants today, it currently
utilizes just five percent of its projected total
potential in this area. Furthermore, rivers and
lakes throughout Turkey represent
approximately 140 Terawatt hours (TWh) of
economically viable energy potential. The
collective utilization of the country's impressive



Turkey has committed to a target that 30%
of its total energy come from renewable
sources by 2023
The World Bank Group has provided more
than $1 billion for renewable energy and
energy efficiency projects in Turkey
Renewable energy and energy efficiency
projects are helping to reduce CO2
emissions in Turkey by more than 3
million tons annually
ver the last two decades Turkey
has been experiencing rapid
economic, population, and
industrialization growth
leading to
economic and social improvements
across the country. These improvements
have been instrumental for growth and
have led to increases in demands for
energy by both industry and households
in Turkey. Electricity demand around the
country has been increasing by as much
as 7-8 percent in recent years, resulting
in energy transmission and peak capacity
in the country increasing by nearly 60%
between 2002 and 2010. Although this
increase in energy consumption and
intensity has been vital for Turkey's
sustained economic growth, it has also
led to increases in energy imports to the
country and rising carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions. In response to this situation,
Turkey is now embarking on an
ambitious path to help ensure that future
growth in the country will incorporate an
energy sector strategy that is both more
economically and environmentally
sustainable.
hydro potential, an additional 20,000
megawatt hours (MWh) of wind-installed
capacity, and an expanding geothermal sector
represents the cornerstone of Turkey's
renewable energy strategy which is already
helping to boost private sector involvement in
energy production in Turkey and is leading to
significant reductions in both energy intensity
and overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
As part of this continued push to increase
renewable energy production and improve
energy efficiency, the World Bank Group is
working with Turkey to increase that country's
capacity is these two key areas. More than $1
billion in World Bank funding has been
leveraged by Turkey for renewable energy and
energy efficiency projects, leading to significant
increases in energy being produced by
privately-owned, renewable energy companies
in Turkey - as well as significant reductions in
CO2 emissions throughout the country. Over
the last decade the amount of electricity being
produced by these privately-owned facilities
has expanded nearly 18 fold increasing from
1,490 gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2002 to 26,235
GWh in 2012. Furthermore, projects being
developed in coordination with The World Bank
Group are helping to reduce greenhouse gases
in Turkey by as much as 3.3 million tons every
year. The work in power generation that is
being supported by The World Bank Group is
also being complimented by ongoing work to
improve energy efficiency around Turkey. By
prioritizing improvements in energy efficiency
measures for small and medium enterprises
(SMEs), Turkey is able to boost the
competitiveness of these SMEs - by lowering
operating costs - while simultaneously helping
to further green its economy - through
decreases in energy intensity and GHG
emissions. The recent Small and Medium
Enterprises Energy Efficiency Project
represents the latest cooperation between
Turkey and The World Bank Group in this
sphere. This $201 million project is designed to
generate more than 300 GWh in annual energy
savings for SMEs across Turkey and reduce
CO2 emissions by as much as 154,000 tons by
2018.
Collect ively, these act ions are
instrumental in helping Turkey continue to
experience the kinds of economic and social
growth it has seen in recent years without
forcing it to increase its energy intensity and
CO2 emissions. As a result, Turkey is paving the
way today for a bright and beautiful
bicentennial celebration in 2123.
Energy Sector
07
ENERGY
EFFICIENT
COOLING STRATEGY
Aurangzeb Soharwardi
T
he adverse impact of the rising
global warming on human and
other forms of life is eminent,
which has resulted in an unknown fear
for the future having environmental
degradation and rising temperature.
Industrial states of the world are being
accused of atmospheric pollution
through gas and heat emissions from
their factories and the fleet of big vehicles
they use, that spurs global warming. And
now developing countries like China are
adding to pollution by heavily relying on
coal for power generation. Now not only
coal, which is being used by developing
countries as a source of energy, add to
global warming, but also the many
automobiles on roads contribute a great
deal to pollution and slow change in
climate.
08
As regards Pakistan there were hints that
the earthquake in the North-Western parts
could be the outcome of climatic change. Even
un-seasonal rains in Pakistan are being
attributed to climatic changes. In Pakistan, we
have only guesswork instead of thorough
research, What is known is that the atmospheric
pollution is widespread and centers in large
cities like Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala,
Faisalabad are highly polluted by automobile
fumes, tanneries and combustion.
Rivers are polluted by industrial effluents
dumped in them all over Pakistan. Even coastal
waters around Karachi are polluted by
industrial waste and chemicals dumped into the
sea which poison the sea life as well. Cities have
a high-density of carbon in the air from
automobile fumes which is increasing day by
day. Conversion of forests and fields in to
residential and commercial areas is adding fuel
to this blazing fire.
In Pakistan, the normal temperature is
rising rapidly, calling for a dire need of making
efforts for cooling homes and buildings. For
making cooling arrangements, various cooling
systems and techniques have been in use for
centuries. During the ancient times, cooling
effect used to be created by an articulate use of
water and air in the construction. The best
examples can be found in the Mughal
architecture of the recent past, where palaces
and forts were constructed to enhance the
cooling effect near the rivers and canals with a
complete internal hydraulic system.
Mughals generally used a cooling system
called 'BAULI', which can be witnessed in
various palaces and gardens constructed by
them, like the Babri mosque's Tughluquid style
integrated other indigenous design
components and techniques, such as air cooling
systems presented as Islamic architectural
elements like arches, vaults and domes. In the
Babri Masjid and other palaces and gardens the
high ceiling, domes, and large grill windows all
served as a passive environmental control
system that brought down the temperature and
also allowed in natural ventilation as well as
daylight Cooling systems.
Other civilizations all over the world also
innovated their own customized cooling
systems. Rising temperature has necessitated
that modern homes and buildings should be
designed to cater for the hot weather in
Pakistan with a systematic and scientific town
planning. Due to increasing temperature in the
region, alternate arrangements for cooling are
being made by using room coolers and
particularly the air conditioners.
Due to this energy consumption in
Pakistan has increased considerably during the
recent past with an annual load growth more
than 15%, to about 17000 MW as peak demand
for over 19 million consumers of Pakistan. Over
65 million home appliances used by these
consumers, out of which maximum numbers is
of microwave ovens and air conditioners which
add an excess load of 4000 MW in the demand
graph, leading to a serious energy crises.
The time has come when we have to
seriously contemplate various modern
techniques and methods of making cooling
arrangements to reduce the consumption of
electricity, which will be posing a precarious
threat in the coming times. In Europe, USA and
china, the emphasis on energy efficient
construction designs and alternate sources for
cooling is already being laid, witnessing quite
appreciable progress. Some of the modern
mechanical/electrical cooling systems being
used are, CTI Certified Cross Flow Rectangular
Cooling Tower, Cross Flow Closed Type Cooling
Tower, Counter Flow Round Cooling Tower,
Industrial Cooling Tower,
Cross Flow
Rectangular Cooling Tower, CTI Certified Cross
Flow Rectangular Cooling Tower, Counter Flow
Square Cooling Tower, Square Counter Flow
Cooling Tower, Round Counter Flow Cooling
Tower, Closed Cross Flow Cooling Tower,
Stainless Steel Cross Flow Rectangular Cooling
Tower. Another significant system
HVAC
(pronounced either "H-V-A-C" or "H-vak") is an
acronym that stands for the closely related
functions of "Heating, Ventilating, and Air
Conditioning"- the technology of indoor
environmental comfort.
HVAC system design is a major sub
discipline of mechanical engineering, based on
the principles of thermodynamics, fluid
mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration is
sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as
HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped as
in HACR (such as the designation of HACR-rated
circuit breakers). HVAC is particularly
important in the design of medium to large
industrial and office buildings such as
skyscrapers and in marine environments such
as aquariums, where safe and healthy building
conditions are regulated with temperature and
humidity, as well as "fresh air" from outdoors. It
is mostly being used in multi storey buildings
where huge investment is involved, but for
homes and small scale construction, some other
options have to be evolved. Installing effective
cooling systems is not only necessary for sky
scrappers but also for small houses, like in the
villages people erect tents and make mud
houses keeping into consideration the wind
direction and proximity of water.
Obviously, the easiest way, considered, to
keep a home cool during the summer is to use
an air conditioner to keep the temperature
down, but there are other options that neither
proliferate electricity demand nor raise the
energy bill quite significantly. The best way to
keep your home cool is to keep the heat out. The
most common sources of internal heat gain are;
appliances, electronic devices, and lighting. Be
aware from where the heat is coming .For
already constructed houses, first of all heat or
energy audit is a must. For Locating Air Leaks
first, make a list of obvious air leaks .The
potential energy savings from reducing drafts
in a home may range from 5% to 30% per year,
and the home is generally much more
comfortable afterward. Check for indoor air
leaks, such as gaps along the baseboard or edge
of the flooring and at junctures of the walls and
ceiling. Check to see if air can flow through
these places like Electrical outlets, Switch
plates, Window frames, Baseboards, Weather
stripping around doors, Fireplace dampers,
Attic hatches, Wall- or window-mounted air
conditioners. Also look for gaps around pipes
and wires, electrical outlets, foundation seals,
and mail slots. Check to see if the caulking and
weather stripping are applied properly, leaving
no gaps or cracks, and are in good condition.
Heat loss through the ceiling and walls in
your home could be very large if the insulation
levels are less than the recommended
minimum. Inspect heating and cooling
equipment annually, or as recommended by the
manufacturer. If you have a forced-air furnace,
check the filters and replace them as needed.
Generally, change them about once every
month or two, especially during periods of high
usage. Have a professional check and clean your
equipment once a year. To augment the cooling
effect by increasing the surface area, the
housing may be provided with thin metal fins.
On some stationary mechanical transmissions,
it may be necessary to circulate the lubricating
oil through pipes surrounded by cold water or
to use a fan to blow air through pipes
surrounded by the oil in the reservoir. On many
electric motors, a fan is attached to the rotating
element to create a current of cooling air
through the housing.
The main ways that heat enters the home
in summer are through: Heat transfer from the
external surfaces of the house that are warmed
by the external air temperature and the sun. The
sun shining through windows directly heating
the home interior. Hot air infiltration through
open windows, doors, air vents and gaps around
doors and windows. Internal heat generated by
the people inside and the appliances being used.
It is possible to use 'passive' cooling techniques
to reduce your home's heat gain such as
installing insulation, shading windows,
caulking, weather stripping, ensuring good
garden and landscaping design, and using
natural ventilation. Using these techniques can
help to keep your home comfortably cool
without the need for expensive air-conditioning.
House design, layout, construction
materials and other factors can all restrict your
home's ability to reduce heat gain sufficiently
and as such, air-conditioning may be required.
Air conditioners may offer tempting temporary
relief from summer heat, but they're a huge
environmental hazard too. By reducing the
amount of heat in your home, you will have to
use less energy to cool it. You may be cooling
your home, but the fossil fuels you're burning in
the process are only making your summers
hotter. Insulations, are essential to keeping your
home warm in cold climates, but they also help
keep your home cool in hot weather. The attics
of most homes absorb heat through the roof,
and insulating the attic floor will keep this heat
from radiating down into the house. Fiberglass
insulation, at least R-30, is easy to install. The
cost will be recouped quickly in lower energy
bills throughout the year. Caulking and weather
stripping doors and windows will also prevent
warmer outside air from seeping into your
reflect most of the heat away from your home.
Another method for reflecting incoming
heat is to install a radiant barrier. This foil-faced
paper can be stapled to the roof rafters on the
underside of your roof. Shading is the simplest,
most effective way to cool your home and
reduce energy consumption. Up to 40% of the
costs of cooling can be saved by shading
techniques such as landscaping, and working
the drapes and blinds. Vines provide shading
and cooling, and are quick to grow. Trellises
should be placed on the hottest side of the
house, and blocked out at least 6" from the wall
to protect the wall and provide a buffer of cool
air. Certain vines, such as deciduous clematis
and wisteria, grow well in containers where
open ground is unavailable.
Trees, vines and shrubs can be used to
shade your home and reduce your energy bills.
Trees or shrubs can also be planted to shade air
conditioning units, but they should not block
the airflow. Take care to locate trees or large
bushes where their roots will be clear of
underground wires, sewer lines or septic tanks,
or the house foundation. Plant trees or shrubs
to shade air conditioning units, but not block
home. The cost of these materials is very low
and application is simple.
Reflective Barriers: An important
consideration in passive cooling is house color.
Dark-colored home exteriors absorb 70% to
90% of the radiant energy from the sun that
strikes the home's surfaces. Some of this
absorbed energy is transferred into your home
by way of conduction, resulting in heat gain. In
contrast, light-colored surfaces effectively
the airflow. A unit operating in the shade uses
less electricity. Deciduous trees planted on the
south and west sides will keep your house cool
in the summer and allow the sunlight to warm
the house during the winter.
Rock walls, paved areas and rock features
should be kept to a minimum on south and west
sides of the home, because they increase
temperatures by radiating heat. Drapes and
curtains made of light-colored fabrics reflect
much of the sun's rays and help reduce heat
gain.. Two-layered drapes are most effective for
both summer cooling and winter heating. Close
south and west-facing curtains during the day
for any window that gets direct sunlight.
Exterior shade screens, also called "sun screens"
"shade cloths" or "solar shields", prevent sun
from entering a window. These can be installed
on windows exposed to direct sunlight. Shade
screens are lightweight, durable and easy to
install. Bamboo blinds can also be used as shade
screens. Unlike insect screens, shade screens
are specially made to block between 50 and 90
percent of the energy striking the outside of the
09
window.
The term "shading coefficient" describes
the amount of heat that penetrates the screen:
lower numbers mean less energy gets through.
By removing Interior Heat Thermal Chimney,
Opening the lowest windows on the side from
where the breeze is coming , leaving interior
doors open and opening the upstairs windows
on the opposite side of the house, the warm air
in the house will draw upwards and out the
upper window, an effect called 'thermal
siphoning'. Install white window shades,
drapes, or blinds to reflect heat away from the
house. Close blinds, shades and draperies facing
the sun (east-facing windows in the morning
and west-facing windows in the afternoon) to
keep the sun's heat out and help fans or air
conditioners cool more efficiently.
Now if you have air conditioning, use it
wisely. Don't put lamps, televisions or other
heat-generating appliances next to your airconditioning thermostat, because the heat from
these appliances will cause the air conditioner
to run longer. The heat they produce will make
your house warmer than it really is. Unless you
absolutely need them, turn off incandescent
lights and heat-generating appliances. Energy
for lighting accounts for about 20% of your
electric bill. Examine the wattage size of the
light bulbs in your house. Energy savers are
highly recommended to be used.
Replace incandescent bulbs with compact
fluorescents; they produce the same light but
use a fifth the energy and heat. Try to avoid
heat-generating activities, such as cooking, on
hot days or during the hottest part of the day. If
you are cooking, use your range fan to vent the
hot air out of your house.. Paint your roof white,
if you've got a flat roof, paint it with a specially
formulated reflective paint or just paint it white.
The reflective effect will help to keep the rooms
under the flat roof much cooler. Humidity
makes room air feel warmer, so reduce indoor
humidity. Minimize mid-day washing and
drying clothes, showering, and cooking. And
when you must do these things, turn on
ventilating fans to help extract warm, moist air.
Avoid landscaping with lots of un shaded
rock, cement, or asphalt on the south or west
sides because it increases the temperature
around the house and radiates heat to the house
after the sun has set. If the attic isn't already
insulated or is under-insulated, insulate it now.
If you live in a relatively dry climate, a bowl or
tray of ice in front of a box fan can cool you as it
evaporates. Change air filters monthly during
the summer. Use a programmable thermostat
using it at 26 degrees, with your air conditioner
to adjust the setting at night. Lower the
thermostat on your water heater; 115°is
comfortable for most uses Consider installing a
whole house fan or evaporative cooler (a
"swamp cooler") if appropriate for your climatic
conditions. Attics trap fierce amounts of heat; a
well-placed and -sized whole-house fan pulls air
through open windows on the bottom floors
and exhausts it through the roof, lowering the
inside temperature and reducing energy use by
as much as third compared with an air
conditioner.
An evaporative cooler pulls air over pads
soaked in cold water and uses a quarter the
energy of refrigerated air, but they're useful
only in low-humidity areas. Use a microwave
oven instead of a conventional electric range or
oven. . Turn off your computer and monitor
when not in use. Plug home electronics, such as
TVs and VCRs, into power strips, and turn
power strips off when equipment is not in use.
To cater for exponential electricity demand
growth, a multipronged strategy
encompassing, change in over all life style,
effective environmental management, energy
efficient construction and energy discipline has
to be adopted. It will facilitate to control
abruptly increasing energy demand. The
government, through its regulatory agencies
and the consumers is trying to collaborate to
cater for this aspect to save the country from an
unmanageable energy crises, besides
environmental degradation.
Accounting Process Optimization Under
Fair
Weather
Friends
10
Just like sparrow s broken feather
my every friend is fair weather
there is now no one to trust
because crumbling in core makes
crack on crust
as moon shines on reflecting
light of sun
word heart me harder than
the bullet of gun
Aiman Khizar
(10th Class)
WAPDA Girls High School,
Shalimar
USAID
POWER DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM
Mr. Abid Latif Lodhi, Financial Management Team Lead PDP USAID presented the Accounting
Manual to CEO LESCO and Mian Basharat Ali (CFO LESCO). Mr. Muhammad Bakhsh Baloach
(Manager Corporate Accounts), Syed Azhar Iqbal (Deputy Manager Accounts) and Mr. Namet Ullah
(ERP Financials Specialist) are also present.
On this precious occasion Mian Basharat Ali (CFO LESCO) appreciated the efforts of
Management of USAID and said that Accounting Process Optimization, consistent with successfully
run utilities, is one of the most important institutional improvement projects being implemented
under USAID Power Distribution Program.
Under this project, a new Accounting Manual is designed which updates the DISCO's legacy
manual, which was last revised in the 1980s, and provides DISCOs with a manual consistent with that
of a best practices modern electric utility. It will act as a comprehensive Finance and Accounting
resource, fully compliant with all governmental, regulatory and International Accounting Standards
as applicable in Pakistan. Job descriptions, supported by documented detail, are included and will
serve as a tool for training, performance reviews, evaluations and promotions.
Mr. Abid Latif Lodhi Financial Management Team Lead PDP USAID appreciated and
acknowledged the efforts of the CFO LESCO, Syed Azhar Iqbal, Namet Ullah and Khawaja Altamash for
the successful completion of this important Project.
Gender and Equity
Masood Ahmed Saeed
The first social institution that newborns
are exposed to is their family. It is the family that
instills in the child s mind the essential
attributes that are associated with men and
women. Categorization on the basis of gender
starts at birth, when girls and boys are labelled
and associated with the colours pink and blue.
At a very early stage, girls and boys are
subjected to differential treatment in the family.
In South Asian countries, where a large number
of people live their lives below the poverty line,
for economic reasons boys are generally valued
more. Similarly, because of the unfortunate
custom of having to have a dowry, girls are
considered a burden, particularly in families
with fewer resources. Children, when they start
growing, observe the environment of their
family. They keenly observe the relationship
between their mother and father and study
social roles very closely, such as who goes out to
earn money and who takes care of the home.
These early observations become an important
source of social knowledge and children start
internalising the roles of males and females at a
very young age. In families where domestic
violence is common, children develop
aggressive attitudes which, in some cases,
remain with them for a long time.
Parental attitudes can impact the process
of gender development as the initial formation
of self-image takes place in the family. It is the
parents that determine roles on the basis of
gender through their own example and through
their treatment of their children. Similarly it s
the parents who associate different sets of
expectations with their sons and daughters. In
South Asian countries, most parents don t like
their daughters to talk loudly or laugh before
strangers. However, such expectations in terms
of behaviour are not applied to boys.
Parents are also instrumental in providing
different sets of opportunities to their children.
For example, in mainstream families in a South
Asian country a boy faces no problems in going
abroad for higher studies but parents are
usually reluctant to allow their daughters the
same flexibility. Parental expectations
regarding attitude, dress, job, responsibility and
marriage generally differ on the basis of gender.
The early lessons of gender-dictated roles are
taught in families when domestic chores are
divided amongst children on this basis. To pick a
very common example, boys are made
responsible for acting in the public domain and
girls are expected to manage the home. The
roles that are assigned and practiced in the
family are internalized by girls and boys at a
very young age. These initial constructions of
the self remain with them even when they have
grown up. As a result of early internalization, a
number of women choose not to change their
lives by challenging the hegemony of male
members of the society.
A symbolic divide on the basis of gender
lies in the choice of games and toys. Masculinetyped toys and games foster male attributes
electronic media. All such institutions not only
propose that girls and boys grow up in different
cultures, they also enforce this rule . That is
why there is potential for misunderstandings
when they converse with one another. These
potential misunderstandings owe to the
cultural differences with which they are
brought up.
Keeping in view the significant role played
by the family as a social institution, it is crucial
that the differential treatment of boys and girls
be discouraged at as early a stage as possible.
Girls should be given confidence and the
opportunity to explore and express their
potential. The early realization for the need of
mutual respect and recognition plays an
important part in peaceful coexistence in
society.
such as aggression, violence and control.
Feminine-typed games and toys cultivate the
characteristics of organization, caring, sharing
or cooking. The choice of these games is
approved by the parents and if girls try to move
into the category of boys toys, they tend to be
discouraged. Boys usually like to play games in
which they emerge as warriors, saviours and
heroes. The toys commonly given to them
include guns, toy planes or racing cars racing.
On the other hand, girls are taught to play makebelieve as a teacher or cook or baker in a toy
kitchen, or apply make-up to their dolls.
Boys and girls are encouraged to grow in
separate environments with different roles and
expectations. The initial division at the familial
level is strengthened further by the social
institutions of schools, and the print and
You can do anything, but not everything.
—David Allen—
Perfection is achieved, not when there is
nothing more to add, but when there is
nothing left to take away
—Antoine de Saint-Exupéry—
You miss 100 percent of the shots
you never take
—Wayne Gretzky—
Courage is not the absence of fear, but
rather the judgement that something else
is more important than fear.
—Ambrose Redmoon—
When hungry, eat your rice; when tired,
close your eyes. Fools may laugh at me,
but wise men will know what I mean.
—Lin-Chi—
The third-rate mind is only happy when it is
thinking with the majority. The second-rate
mind is only happy when it is thinking with
the minority. The first-rate mind is only
happy when it is thinking.
—A. A. Milne—
We are what we repeatedly do; excellence,
then, is not an act but a habit.
—Aristotle—
A wise man gets more use from his enemies
than a fool from his friends.
—Baltasar Gracian—
Do not seek to follow in the footsteps of
the men of old; seek what they sought.
—Basho—
Wisdom Quotes
G
ender is a social construct that is fluid
and varies with relation to time and
space. Like any other social learning
that humans acquire, the notion of gender is a
part of cultural knowledge. The major cultureconstituent forces include the social
institutions that construct, validate and
perpetuate social knowledge.
11
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lescopr@gmail.com
23

LESCO Magazine Ujala for the Month of August 2013

Transcription

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