special places inventory
Transcription
special places inventory
SPECIAL PLACES INVENTORY FOR GREENVILLE COUNTY SOUTH CAROLINA UPSTATE FOREVER August, 2005 Made possible by a grant from the Community Foundation of Greater Greenville Special Places Inventory For Greenville County South Carolina Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Purpose 2 Scope 3 Process of Developing the Inventory 4 Inventory of Special Natural Places 5 Inventory of Special Historic Places 12 Attachments: No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 Copy of Brochure Newspaper Articles Special Places Nominated by Public Maps and Tables for Special Natural Places i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was funded by the Community Foundation of Greater Greenville. We wish to express our profound gratitude to the Foundation and its outstanding Board of Directors and staff for their support of this project. The Foundation turned a dream into reality. We also wish to express our appreciation to the following members of the Steering Committee whose guidance, encouragement and advice were of incalculable value to us during the study: Lezlie Barker, Community Foundation of Greater Greenville Judy Benedict, Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission Judy Cromwell, Naturaland Trust Diane Eldridge, Upstate Forever Nancy Fitzer, Urban Planner Josh Gillespie, Greenville County Planning Commission Dave Hargett, Pinnacle Consulting Group, A Division of North Wind, Inc. Scott Johnston, Johnston Design Group Rick Owens, Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission Bill Ranson, Furman University Brad Sauls, South Carolina Department of Archives and History Bobby Watson, Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission Dennis Bauknight, Natural Resources Conservation Service Front cover photographs: Oconee Bell (a rare plant), Liberty Bridge at Falls Park (http//:www.tonysmithphotography.com, copyright 2005), Mattoon Presbyterian Church, and Poinsett Bridge. 1 I. PURPOSE Greenville County is one of the fastest growing and most rapidly changing counties in the United States. Its population is increasing at the rate of 16 people per day, while its land is being developed at the rate of 9 acres per day. That is the equivalent of almost an entire new Haywood Mall every week. The good news is that growth provides jobs and keeps our economy strong. The bad news is that the manner in which growth is taking place in Greenville County has already destroyed many of the county’s important natural and historic resources, and many others are now gravely threatened. Greenville County’s spectacular economic success is due in large part to these resources. It is no coincidence that marketing materials for the county almost always show one or more of the county’s special places. For example, the Greenville Chamber of Commerce’s current “Welcome to Greenville” billboard features Table Rock and the adjoining reservoir. Today quality of life is one of the key factors that determine where people live and where businesses locate. For most people, the place is now more important than the job. No element is more important in determining an area’s quality of life than the extent and quality of its natural and historic resources. Thus, the protection of these resources should be a priority not only for environmentalists and historic preservationists but for everyone. The purpose of this study is to provide a list of the county’s special places. Our hope is that the study will increase public awareness of these places and lead to the protection of many of them before it is too late. We are convinced that Greenville County can “have it both ways”—we can continue to grow and prosper economically, while at the same time protecting the resources, features, and structures that make this county such an extraordinary place. But this cannot happen by accident—it will take funding, public support and political courage. We hope this study is a step in that direction. 2 II. SCOPE The term “special place” immediately begs the question: What exactly is it? Unfortunately, there is no widely accepted definition. What is “special” to one person or area may not be to another. For purposes of this study, the term has two components: natural and historic. In defining a “special natural place,” we have relied on the research and findings of natural resources scientists. There is now overwhelming consensus among these scientists that the following natural resources are highly significant or “special”: 1. Lands with prime soils 2. Rivers and streams and the adjoining lands, known as “riparian buffers” 3. Lands that provide habitat for rare and endangered plants and animal species 4. Unusual geologic features, such as outcrops and waterfalls. We have adopted these criteria for the purpose of defining many of the “special natural places” in Greenville County. We also concluded that public parks and recreation facilities merit designation as special places in the county. Deciding on the criteria for a special historic place has been more difficult. Of course, any site or building in Greenville County that is on the National Register of Historic Places would qualify; however there are thousands of others that are not on this list but that are clearly special from a state or local perspective. In the end, we concluded that it was simply beyond the scope and budget of this project to provide anything close to a complete inventory of all the special historic places in Greenville County. (For example, an historic inventory for just the City of Greenville completed in 2003 cost approximately $60,000). Nonetheless, we are fortunate that in Greenville County experts and researchers have already compiled a considerable amount of information. There is a reference to that information at the end of the historic places section. Finally, we wish to emphasize the word inventory. This study is just that—we have made no effort to rank or prioritize any of the places that are listed here or in any of the referenced sources. That would be a wonderful follow-up to this study. 3 III. THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING THE INVENTORY A. Steering Committee An outstanding group of experts and interested citizens kindly agreed to serve on the Steering Committee for the project. Those members are listed in the Acknowledgments section. We deeply appreciate the advice and guidance that each of them gave us throughout the study. We could not have completed the project without their involvement and support. B. Brochure A brochure about the project (Attachment 1) was prepared and distributed at more than 35 locations throughout the county and mailed to over 1,500 people, seeking their nominations for the county’s “special places.” C. Media Outreach Several newspapers and journals published articles and our guest editorial about the study. See Attachment 2. The Greenville News kindly donated advertising space in three editions. This support from the print media was important since we did not have funding to promote the project on radio and television. D. Expert Assistance Throughout the study we consulted experts in the fields of environmental science, ecology, natural resources, historic preservation, archeology and planning. Several of these experts served on the Steering Committee. E. Website We designed and maintained an interactive website (www.greenvillespecialplaces.com) to serve as a central source of information about the project and through which nominations could be submitted. (The site is no longer active.) We also developed a database that was linked to the website and that automatically organized and sorted the information for each nomination. Public Meeting at Fork Shoals Elementary School F. Public Meetings We held six public meetings at convenient locations throughout the county in an effort to reach as many citizens as possible. Members of the Steering Committee and Upstate Forever staff were on hand to explain the project and the nomination process. A total of 49 people attended the meetings. G. Nominations We received a total of 67 nominations from the public—either at the meetings, through the website, or by mail. All of the nominated sites are listed in Attachment 3. 4 IV. INVENTORY OF SPECIAL NATURAL PLACES IN GREENVILLE COUNTY A. Northern Greenville County All of northern Greenville County—from Scenic Highway 11 to the North Carolina line—easily qualifies as a special place. Within this area the mountains come to a precipitous end at a place the Cherokees called “The Blue Wall” (the geologic term is the Blue Ridge Escarpment), as the elevation drops over 2,000 feet in less than half a mile. The result is a heart-stopping showcase of streams and waterfalls, breathtaking scenic vistas, and a richly diverse biota, including many species of rare and endangered plants and animals. There are more species of trees in this area than in all of Europe. There is truly no area in the country that is more beautiful or more ecologically significant than this section of Greenville County. See Map 1 (Attachment 4). Within this area are many individual resources, places and features that qualify as “special’ in their own right, including, but certainly not limited to: ● Poinsett Reservoir (a source of Greenville’s drinking water) and its watershed of 19,000 acres, all of which is protected by a conservation easement. ● Table Rock Reservoir (another source of Greenville’s drinking water) and its watershed of 9,000 acres, all of which is also protected by a conservation easement. Some of the watershed is located in Pickens County. A headwater stream to the Saluda River in Jones Gap State Park 5 ● The Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area—the 15,000-acre area that is the “bridge” between the Table Rock and Poinsett Reservoir watersheds and includes Caesar’s Head State Park and Jones Gap State Park. ● Scenic Highway 11—a federal and state scenic highway that traverses the entire county, following the route used by the Cherokee Indians. Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area (photo courtesy of Tommy Wyche) ● The three branches of the Saluda River—the South, North and Middle (South Carolina’s first state scenic river). ● Head Foremost Falls—arguably the highest waterfall east of the Mississippi, depending on how you define a “waterfall.” Located on private property in close proximity to Jones Gap State Park, it crashes down the mountain in a series of cascades—from the first to the last cascade, the total drop is over 1,000 feet. • Rainbow Falls—the well-known waterfall at Camp Greenville. • Wildcat Wayside Waterfall—this waterfall has a huge vertical overhang and alcove below. The area is historically significant because it was constructed as a roadside rest area by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. 6 • Falls Creek Falls—a 100 foot waterfall in the heart of the Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area. • Many mountain peaks, including Pinnacle Mountain, Hogback Mountain, Big Top Mountain, Glassy Mountain, Standingstone Mountain and McCarroll Mountain, to name just a few. • “Pretty Place” at Symmes Chapel—one of the most popular and beautiful views in South Carolina. • Raven Cliff Falls—the stunning 400-foot waterfall that is the highlight of one of the most popular hiking trails in the nation. • Nine South Carolina Heritage Trust Preserves. See Map 2 (Attachment 4). The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources’ Heritage Trust Program was created in 1976, the first such program in the country. Its mission is to inventory, evaluate and protect the most outstanding representatives of our state’s natural and cultural heritage. Raven Cliff Falls “Pretty Place” at Symmes Chapel (photo courtesy of George Schackel) 7 B. Prime Soils Prime soils are those soils that have the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing high yields of food and fiber. In Greenville County, prime soils consist of the following types: Appling sandy loam (ApB), Cecil sandy loam (CeB), Durham loamy sand (DuB), Helena sandy loam (HbB), Hiwassee sandy loam (HeB), Madison sandy loam (McC), and Wickham sandy loam (WhB). These soils represent 16.7 per cent of the county’s total land area. Their locations are shown on Map 3 (Attachment 4). C. Rivers, Streams and Riparian Buffers Rivers and streams have shaped not only the landscape of Greenville County but its entire history. In fact, the City of Greenville’s very birthplace is Reedy River Falls, where Richard Pearis built his grist mill in 1770. For many years, the county’s rivers were natural resources appreciated and respected by the community. Citizens relied on the rivers for food, water and recreation and as a source of power for mills and plants. But as the Industrial Revolution swept across the county, we turned our back on these rivers and subjected them to gross abuse, neglect and pollution. Fortunately, since passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, the pendulum has been swinging back the other way toward respect and protection. There is no better example than the Reedy River, once one of the most polluted rivers in the country. In the last ten years, we have witnessed a true “Reedy Renaissance” in Greenville County that includes the spectacular renovation of Falls Park, the construction of the breathtaking Liberty Bridge above the waterfall, the Riverplace development upstream, the first Annual Reedy River Paddle Race, the revitalization of Lake Conestee, and on and on. All of the county’s major rivers and streams are designated as special places in the inventory. See Map 4 (Attachment 4). These include the Reedy, Saluda, Enoree, the Middle Tyger, and the South Tyger Rivers and their principal tributaries, such as Richland Creek, Grove Creek, Mush Creek, Langston Creek, and Gilder Creek. There are many other tributaries in the county that are not shown on the map. This does not mean that none of them is “special”—rather, we simply had to “draw the line” somewhere for purpose of preparing the map. Unlisted tributaries may well have significant conservation and scenic values. The map, therefore, should be considered as incomplete. Lands along rivers and streams, known as “riparian buffers,” are “special places” for several reasons: • Absorbing Pollutants: Polluted runoff is slowed and absorbed in the buffer area, thus keeping sediment, nutrients and pesticides out of rivers and streams. • Stabilizing Streambanks: Trees in the buffer area provide deep root systems that hold soil in place, thus stabilizing streambanks and reducing erosion. 8 • Canopy and Shade: Cool stream temperatures maintained by riparian vegetation are essential to the health of aquatic species. • Wildlife Habitat: Riparian buffers offer a diversity of habitat for wildlife. Based on the research and recommendations of environmental agencies and scientists, a buffer of 100 feet (measured from the streambank) is appropriate for the major rivers and a buffer of 35 feet for the tributaries. D. Public Parks and Recreation Areas Parks, recreation areas and greenways are essential elements of a community’s quality of life, providing wonderful places for citizens to play, walk or simply relax. Most of Greenville County’s public parks are shown on Map 5 (Attachment 4) and described in the accompanying table. 1. State Parks There are three state parks in Greenville County: Caesar’s Head (5,513 acres), Jones Gap (2,805 acres), and Paris Mountain (1,467 acres). 2. County Parks The Greenville County Recreation District currently owns and operates 41 facilities, totaling approximately 11,000 acres. 3. Caesar’s Head City Parks The cities of Greenville, Greer, Simpsonville, Travelers Rest, Fountain Inn, and Mauldin own and operate approximately 40 parks and recreational facilities in Greenville County, totaling about 1,700 acres. E. Habitat for Rare and Endangered Species Today, our planet is losing its species faster than at any other time in all of human history. The current extinction rate is at least 1,000 times higher than the background rate, which is the number of extinctions that would occur in the absence of human influence. As various life forms disappear forever, ecosystems are irreversibly damaged. Humans, too, lose the benefits of what Edward Wilson describes as “nature’s pharmacopoeia”—for example, nine of the ten leading prescription drugs originally came from organisms in tropical rainforests. 9 Thus, those places that provide habitat for rare and endangered species are clearly “special.” In order to protect these places from unfriendly visitors, we have not included their locations in this report; most of them are located in northern Greenville County. The species are listed in Attachment 4. F. Lands Protected By Conservation Organizations Many landowners in Greenville County are troubled by the manner in which the county is growing and are seeking ways to preserve their properties. They do not want to see their lands, which have often been in the family for generations, turned into cookie cutter subdivisions and strip malls. They are looking for other options. One of the best options for these landowners is the conservation easement, which is essentially a contract between the owner and a land trust organization in which the owner relinquishes the right to develop some or all of the property. Contrary to popular belief, a conservation easement does not open private land to public use. It is up to the landowners to decide if they want to allow any public use of the property. In most cases, title to the property, along with the right of exclusive use and enjoyment, remain with the landowner. Both Congress and the South Carolina General Assembly have provided tax incentives to landowners to protect their properties in this manner. The conservation easement is an increasingly popular tool in Greenville County and across the nation. In Greenville County, to date approximately 37,500 acres have been protected through conservation easements granted to The Nature Conservancy, Upstate Forever, Naturaland Trust and Friends of Reedy River. Information about these easements is provided on Map 2 (Attachment 4) and the accompanying table. In addition, The Nature Conservancy, Naturaland Trust, The Conestee Foundation, and Friends of Reedy River own title to several important tracts in Greenville County. These, too, are shown on Map 2 (Attachment 4) and the accompanying table. The 200 acre Sloan Property in southern Greenville County, protected by a conservation easement 10 G. Others 1. Reedy River Falls - Greenville’s birthplace, now celebrated by the spectacular Falls Park and spanned by the new Liberty Bridge. 2. Lake Conestee - Just a few miles from downtown Greenville, the Reedy River flows into Lake Conestee. The lake, created in 1838, has suffered through decades of pollution and sedimentation, but an exciting plan is now being implemented to establish a spectacular park around the lake, providing wildlife habitat and green space in the heart of one of the fastest growing areas in the Upstate. Lake Conestee 3. Cedar Falls - This scenic waterfall on the Reedy River is located in the southern part of the county downstream from the old Fork Shoals mill. 4. Saluda Lake - Saluda Lake is a 331 acre lake constructed in 1905 along the border of Greenville and Pickens Counties. Public access to the lake is at Motor Boat Club Road off of Highway 25. 5. Lake Cunningham - Lake Cunningham is 376 acre lake located on the South Tyger River at Highway 14 and River Road near Greer. The lake was constructed in 1957 and is owned by Greer Public Works Commission. A public park with a boat ramp and fishing pier is located at one end of the lake on Highway 101. 6. Lake Robinson - Lake Robinson is an 800 acre lake located on the South Tyger River off Highway 101 in Greer. The lake was completed in 1984 and is also owned by the Greer Public Works Commission. Public access is provided by a boat ramp and fishing pier. 7. Berry’s Mill - This site, located along Highway 14 in northeastern Greenville County, has both environmental and historical significance: extensive wetlands, valuable wildlife habitat, and the site of one of the first textile manufacturers in the state. 11 V. INVENTORY OF SPECIAL HISTORIC PLACES IN GREENVILLE COUNTY This section provides a brief description of all the places in Greenville County that have been listed on the National Register and that have been officially designated as significant by local governments. As noted in the introductory section, however, there are thousands of other special historic places in Greenville County that have not been listed or designated. It is beyond the scope of this project to provide anything close to a complete inventory of these places. Fortunately, there are many books, articles and other resources that describe and discuss many of the county’s special historic places. They are listed at the end of this section. National Register of Historic Places Listings The National Register of Historic Places is a list of properties significant in the nation’s past. Maintained by the National Park Service since it was first authorized under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, this list coordinates public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect historic and archeological resources. Properties listed on the Register include districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that are significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. Properties are added to the list by nominations submitted by citizens through State Historic Preservation Offices. As of June 15, 2005, there are 8 historic districts and 48 properties in Greenville County that are on the National Register of Historic Places. The South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office oversees the nominating process for the state’s National Register listings. Sections 7 and 8 of the nomination forms contain considerable information about the properties and districts that are nominated and why they are considered significant. Copies of the South Carolina National Register nominations are kept by the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office and are available through the Research Room at the Archives and History Center in Columbia. These files contain nominations and photographs of the South Carolina listings. Scans of these documents will be available on-line by the end of 2005. To access this information on the internet go to: http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/nrlinks.htm. The National Register of Historic Places listings in Greenville County are briefly described below. The listings are grouped by districts and individual property nominations. Within these sections, properties appear in chronological order according to the date they were first listed on the National Register. 12 Districts Hampton-Pinckney Historic District The Hampton-Pinckney Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December of 1977. Houses in this West Greenville Historic District were mostly built in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century because of the proximity of the trolley car line on West Washington Street. Although most of the architecture is Queen Anne and Craftsman style, there are also examples of Greek-Revival, Italianate, and Gothic-Revival. The area is associated with several local leaders including Vardry McBee, who was largely responsible for transforming early nineteenth century Greenville into a textile center. Heyward Mahon and Henry Briggs, who were Greenville mayors in the early 1900s, lived in the Hampton-Pinckney neighborhood. There are 70 contributing structures in the Hampton-Pinckney Historic District. Among these is Mattoon Presbyterian Church, which Hampton-Pinckney Historic District was built in 1888 and is one of Greenville’s earliest African American churches. (See cover photo). Greenville historic preservation specialist, Robert Benedict, has written an excellent walking tour description of the Hampton-Pinckney Historic District. The walking tour is available on the City of Greenville website at: h t t p : / / w w w. g r e a t e r g r e e n v i l l e . c o m / neighborhoods/hamp-pinck_tour.pdf Paris Mountain State Park Historic District Bathhouse at Paris Mountain State Park The Paris Mountain State Park Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April of 1998. Located just north of the city of Greenville, this 1,275 acre park is historically significant because of its association with the development of state parks in South Carolina. Constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) between 1936 and 1940, the park is a physical representation of the early twentieth century promotion of conservation and recreation through state parks. The rustic-style architecture and landscape designs reflect the indigenous materials and construction techniques favored by the CCC. Among the many architecturally significant structures are the Bathhouse Complex and Camp Buckhorn. 13 Reedy River Industrial District The Reedy River Industrial District is located along the river between River Street and Camperdown Way. It was placed on the National Register in 1979. The area has been home to several Greenville industries including the Huguenot Mill, the Greenville Coach Factory, Dukes Mayonnaise Factory, and the Markley Carriage Factory. Constructed in 1882, the Huguenot Mill is a relic of downtown Greenville’s industrial past. The red brick mill office is located on West Broad Street behind the Peace Center and now houses modern offices. The Peace Center, which was completed in 1990, is a good example of the adaptive re-use of historic buildings. The historic Romanesque and Italianate style brick industrial structures were incorporated in the six acre complex. Today, the Peace Center for Performing Arts hosts many performances and events that contribute to Greenville’s quality of life. Col. Elias Earle Historic District This Greenville district is noteworthy for its mix of early twentieth century architecture and includes Earle, James, North Main, and Rutherford Streets. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The district is architecturally important because of its concentration of early twentieth century structures. Styles include Neoclassical Revival, Tudor, Dutch Colonial, and Georgian Revival. Two properties within the neighborhood are individually listed on the National Register: Whitehall and Earle Town House, both built in the early nineteenth century. The twentieth century properties which make up the district reflect the influence of the automobile. Many have side driveways, porte-cocheres, or rear garages. Pettigru Street Historic District The Pettigru Street Historic District is located to the east of downtown Greenville and contains 88 structures. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Comprised of Pettigru, Whitsett, Williams, Manly, East Washington, Broadus, Toy, and Boyce Streets, this district reflects architectural development in Greenville from the 1890s to the Pettigru Historic District 1930s. The area’s buildings include the Colonial Revival, Craftsman, and Queen Anne styles. Once part of the James Boyce and Rowley family estates, this area was largely unsettled until the turn-of-the-century. Sections of the Boyce estate were subdivided by 1900 and Victorian houses began to appear. The streets established after subdividing the land were named after the faculty members of the Furman Theological Seminary. The district was home to many prominent businessmen and mill owners. The largest historic district in the city, today the Pettigru neighborhood has a mix of residences and commercial offices. 14 West End Commercial Historic District This district, nominated to the National Register in 1993, consists of many commercial properties south of the Reedy River in the city of Greenville. The resources date from about 1869 through 1939, with most from the 1880s to the early 1920s, a period of extensive development in the area. This district developed after the Civil War near the first Furman University campus and the nearby Greenville and Columbia Railroad depot. West End Historic District Woodside Cotton Mill Village Historic District An excellent example of an early twentieth century South Carolina mill village, this district illustrates a changing pattern of housing types within its four divisions. The mill was constructed by local grocery merchant John T. Woodside in 1902 and is located at Woodside Avenue and East Main Street in Woodside. Nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, the Woodside Cotton Mill Village is a good representation of the architecture associated with the rise of the textile industry in Greenville in the first half of the twentieth century. Greer Downtown Historic District The Greer Downtown Historic District covers portions of Trade Street, East Poinsett Street, Randall Street, Victoria Street, and North Main Street. The district was listed on the National Register in 1997 and the boundaries of the district were increased in 2004. The contributing structures in the district represent Greer’s commercial development from about 1900 to 1940. The high concentration of buildings built between 1910 and 1930 represent Greer’s transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Many of the buildings were designed by local architect Thomas Keating. The wedge-shaped Planter’s Savings Bank is one of the notable structures in the district. The building was designed by Greenville architects James Douthit Beacham and Leon Legrand in 1921. 15 Individual Property Listings Earle Town House Nominated to the National Register in 1969, this Greenville home at 107 James Street was built on land bought from Vardry McBee. The residence is a beautiful Georgian structure set back 160 feet from the road. This was Greenville County’s first listing on the National Register. Whitehall Charleston resident Henry Middleton was the son of the Declaration of Independence signer Arthur Middleton and used Whitehall as his summer home. Henry Middleton had a distinguished career, serving as president of the Continental Congress, as a member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, and as Governor of South Carolina. Whitehall, constructed in 1813, is now a private residence and is located at 310 Earle Street. Whitehall was listed on the National Register in 1969. Poinsett Bridge The Poinsett Bridge has one of the oldest spans, or base structures, in South Carolina. It is located four miles north of Tigerville and was named for Joel Poinsett, the director of South Carolina public works, secretary of war, and minister to Mexico. The bridge was constructed in 1820 and was part of the old State Road that connected the South Carolina upcountry with North Carolina. It is a spectacular, gothic-like structure of stone with a 12-foot arch spanning Little Gap Creek surrounded by rhododendron and hardwoods. The bridge is constructed of stones fitted together without the use of mortar. The bridge was listed on the National Register in 1970. Poinsett Bridge In 2003, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, through its Heritage Trust program, purchased the bridge and approximately 120 acres of the surrounding land. The bridge and land will be leased to the Greenville County Recreation District for use as an historic nature park for public use and enjoyment. Christ Episcopal Church and Churchyard Situated at 10 North Church Street, Christ Church is Greenville’s oldest organized religious body. The present building was constructed between 1852 and 1854, and is the 16 oldest church building in Greenville. Many distinguished citizens are buried in the church graveyard, including Benjamin Franklin Perry and Vardry McBee. The church and graveyard were listed on the National Register in 1970. Christ Episcopal Church and Churchyard McBee Methodist Church Nominated to the National Register in 1972, this church, also called McBee Chapel, is on Conestee’s Main Street and was built at the request of Vardry McBee’s son, Alexander, in 1841. The church was designed in an octagonal shape to accommodate 150 people, and it remains one of only three such churches in the United States. Reedy River Falls Historic Park and Greenway This beautiful park in downtown Greenville celebrates the city’s birthplace. Established over thirty years ago, the park was recently made even better by removing the hideous Camperdown Bridge for cars and replacing it with the breathtaking Liberty Bridge for pedestrians. Falls Cottage, which is included in this 1973 National Register listing, was built in the late nineteenth century for W.E. Touchstone, the superintendent of Camperdown Mills. McBee Methodist Church Falls Cottage 17 Fountain Fox Beattie House This two-story, Italianate house was built in 1834 by Fountain Fox Beattie, as a present to his wife, Emily Hamlin. In 1949, the building was in danger of being razed and was moved to 1 Beattie Place by a group of concerned women. In 1983, the house was finally moved to its present location on N. Church Street, and is currently the home of the Greenville Women’s Club. Josiah Kilgore House (Lewis Kilgore House) This house at 560 North Academy Street is one of the oldest structures in Greenville County. It was listed on the National Register in 1974. Also called the Lewis-Kilgore House, it was originally built on Buncombe Street by Josiah Kilgore, a South Carolina State Representative, between 1835 and 1838. The Greek Revival house was acquired by the Greenville Garden Club in 1974 and moved to its current location near McPherson Park in July of that year. Gilreath’s Mill This mill, four miles northwest of Greer on SC-101, exemplifies South Carolina’s tradition of rural industry. It was constructed in 1812 by Joel Bruce and operated as a corn mill and later as a flour mill. P.D. Gilreath bought the mill in 1890, and his descendants retain ownership. Also called Heller’s Mill, Bruce’s Mill, and Taylor’s Mill, it was listed on the National Register in 1976. Cherrydale Originally located at 1500 Poinsett Highway, this Greek Revival structure housed James Clement Furman, a Baptist minister and active participant in educational and political affairs. The house was listed on the National Register in 1975. In 1999, Cherrydale was moved to the campus of Furman University. Cherrydale 18 Fairview Presbyterian Church Organized in 1786 and constructed in 1857, this rural church features family pews, a slave gallery, and unusual tombstones. The twin entrances under its portico and the side doors leading to the gallery are typical of the popular meeting house style. Located at 126 Fairview Church Road in Fountain Inn, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. Fairview Presbyterian Church Downtown Baptist Church Originally the First Baptist Church, this building is located in the heart of Greenville, at 101 W. McBee Ave. A large, historic building, it was designed by architect Samuel Sloan and built of brick and stucco in 1858. Architectural features include six Ionic columns, a central pediment and spire, and numerous steps. Due to the congregation’s growth, many members moved to a bigger building on Cleveland Street, and the remaining members re-named this church Downtown Baptist Church. John Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church John Wesley Methodist is one of Greenville’s earliest churches and one of the state’s first separate black congregations. Constructed at the end of the eighteenth century at the intersection of Falls and Court Streets, the building is a two story brick cruciform structure in the Gothic Revival style. In 1978, the church was listed on the National Register. William Bates House This house, east of Greenville on SC-14, is significant as the former home of textile pioneer, William Bates. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. 19 Broad Margin In 1951, Frank Lloyd Wright designed this Usonian-style home at 9 West Avondale Drive. The house, completed in 1954, is one of only two houses designed by Wright in South Carolina. The house has radiant heating and walls of cypress, glass, and rock. Wright is one of America’s most prominent architects. Wright’s Usonian-style houses are simple, one-story residences designed with native materials for middle-income families. The house was listed on the National Register in 1978, only 24 years after it was completed. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broad Margin T. Q. Donaldson House This Italianate-style house at 412 Crescent Avenue in Greenville was owned by Thomas Q. Donaldson, a lawyer, state senator, the first president of Huguenot Mill, vice-president of City National Bank, and president of the Mechanics Perpetual Building and Loan Association. The house was built in 1863 for William Williams, a professor at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, and listed on the National Register in 1980. Arthur Barnwell House This house, located to the south of Greer on S.R. 14, is significant because of its connection to the development of Pelham Mills, a cotton factory established in the 1880s. The Queen Anne style residence was listed in the National Register in 1982. American Cigar Factory American Cigar Factory This brick building in the East Court Street Central Business District was the largest brick building in Greenville at the time of its construction in 1903. It was one of only five factories in the South operated by the American Cigar Company. After the company closed, the building was occupied by the Piedmont Shirt Company. At age 19, Max Heller escaped his Nazi-occupied Austrian homeland and came to Greenville to work as a stock boy for the Piedmont Shirt Company. Thirty years later, he was the mayor of Greenville. 20 Chamber of Commerce Building Erected in 1925, this ten-story skyscraper was the third high-rise building in Greenville. Located at 135 South Main Street on the site of Robert Mills’ Record Building, the building features neoclassical detailing, a modillioned metal cornice, and large arched windows above a decorative stone belt course on the upper story. The building is currently used as modern offices. Davenport Apartments This apartment building, situated at 400-402 East Washington Street in Greenville, was developed by G.D. Davenport and is significant as a local interpretation of early twentieth century architecture. Designed by local architect Joseph L. Lawrence, and constructed by Eugene Gilphilan in 1915-1916, this was the first apartment building in the city. The building was listed on the National Register in 1982. Greenville Gas and Electric Company Also listed on the National Register in 1982, this two-building brick complex was constructed in the 1890s and housed one of the first electric generating plants in the area. In recent years, the complex has been adapted to house a modern office, wine store, and restaurant. Davenport Apartments Greenville Gas and Electric Company Chamber of Commerce Building with Poinsett Hotel in background 21 Isaqueena Also known as the Gassaway mansion, this residence was built between 1920 and 1924 by Minnie Quinn and Walter Gassaway. The house’s 22,000 square feet and extravagant features like Italian tiles and Tiffany windows brought the cost to nearly $800,000 at the time of its construction. The Greenville Art Association bought the house in 1959, and in 1977, the Emmanuel Temple used the residence as a church school. Today the mansion is privately owned and frequently hosts special events. It is located at 106 DuPont Drive in Greenville and was listed on the National Register in 1982. Lanneau-Norwood House Charles H. Lanneau built this 417 Belmont Avenue house in 1877 in the Second Empire style. The large, two-and-a-half story brick house is considered one of the best examples of Victorian architecture in Greenville. Decorative elements include balustrades, scrolled brackets, pavilions, and an octagonal tower. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Mills Mill This mill on Greenville’s Mills Avenue was one of the city’s major mill complexes in the nineteenth century and was sometimes called Mills Centre. The building was constructed in the 1890s and has a prominent Romanesque-style tower. The building was listed on the National Register in 1982 and was recently adapted for loft residences. Lanneau-Norwood House Poinsett Hotel This 12-story Greenville hotel was designed by New York architect W. L. Stoddard and built by J. E. Sirrine Company at 120 South Main Street. It operated from 1925 until the 1970s, when it was transformed into apartments for the elderly. It was listed on the National Register in 1982. In 2000, Westin reopened the hotel after a two-year, $23 million restoration. Williams-Earle House Noteworthy architectural elements and integrity of location make this house significant. The house, also known as Holly Hill or Ivy Lawn, is located at 319 Grove Road in Greenville. The Greek Revival house was finished by Dr. Thomas Williams in 1850, though some parts date to 1830. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Working Benevolent Temple and Professional Building At the corner of Broad and Fall Streets, this building is closely connected to the development of the black business district in Greenville. The three story brick building was 22 constructed in 1922. In the 1960s, it became the center of the Civil Rights movement in Greenville. It was listed on the National Register in 1982. Though the building is now used for offices, its cornerstone acknowledges the history of the structure. Cureton-Huff House This house, located southwest of Simpsonville on SC-176, was built for John Moon Cureton in the early nineteenth century. Cureton was a successful farmer and the house and farm are characteristic of vernacular building traditions in the region. The farmhouse was listed on the National Register in 1983. John H. Goodwin House (Blythe-Goodwin-Hagood House) Located on Scenic Highway 11 just west of its intersection with U.S. Highway 25, the John H. Goodwin or Blythe-Goodwin-Hagood House was built in 1790. It is one of the finest surviving examples of early architecture in the foothills and mountain regions of the South. From 1840 until 1900, the house was the “mid-way” stage stop for persons traveling on the old road between Greenville and Asheville. The adjacent red building served as an area post office and store for travelers well into the 20th century. The house was listed on the National Register in 1983. Imperial Hotel Standing at 201 West Washington Street, the 7-story Imperial Hotel highlighted Greenville’s commercial growth when it became the city’s first skyscraper in 1912. Later called Hotel Greenville, the original building was constructed of load-bearing masonry. Later additions, including a 7-story annex in 1917, used steel frame with brick veneer. The hotel was built in the midst of Greenville’s early twentieth century building boom and filled a great need for hotel rooms in the expanding city. It was listed on the National Register in 1985. Greer Depot Situated at 311 Trade Street in Greer, the Depot played an integral role in servicing Greer residents and manufacturers. Sometimes called the Piedmont and Northern Depot, the twostory brick depot was constructed in 1913. The Italian Renaissance style building has a hipped roof with widely overhanging eaves supported by decorative brackets. It was listed on the National Register in 1987. Pelham Mills Site A fire in 1941 destroyed most of the buildings associated with this mill, but the nearby office survived. The office and ruins are located north on Highway 14 and just past I-85 in the town of Pelham. This mill’s ruins consist of a complex series of stone and brick foundations spanning the floodplain, rock shoals, and terrace overlooking the Enoree River. The site, also known as Buena Vista Factory, Hutchings Factory, and Lester Factory, has a history that spans back to the early nineteenth century. It was listed on the National Register in 1987 for its significance in representing the industrial history of the area. 23 George Salmon House (C. Douglas Wilson Farm) Located near the North Saluda River in Travelers Rest, this property is important because of its association with one of Greenville’s first settlers, a prominent surveyor named George Salmon. The property is located along S.C. 414, 1.8 miles west of U.S. 25. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. First National Bank Located at 102 South Main Street, this bank is a rare example of Art Deco architecture in Greenville. Also noteworthy is the building’s past connection to the National Bank of Greenville, which was chartered in 1872. The 1917 building and the 1952 addition were commissioned by Fountain Fox Beattie and designed by S.L. Trowbridge. Today, the building is occupied by Carolina First Bank. First National Bank Tullyton This house is located at 606 Hickory Tavern Road in Fountain Inn. Also known as the Bolling-Stewart House, the property features elements of the Greek Revival and Federal styles as well as early nineteenth century brickwork. It was listed on the National Register in 1990. Simpsonville First Baptist Church Located at 106 Church Street in downtown Simpsonville, this Romanesque church was designed by Luther D. Proffit, a Spartanburg architect, in the early twentieth century. It was listed on the National Register in 1992. C. Granville Wyche House Located at 2900 Augusta Street, this home is a good example of depression-era Italian Renaissance architecture. Built by Silas D. Trowbridge, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. 24 Greenville County Courthouse The design of the original courthouse at 130 South Main Street was attributed to either Joel Poinsett or Robert Mills in the 1840s. The Gothic style building was not finished until 1855. In 1916, it was replaced with the current Beaux Arts style courthouse. It was listed on the National Register in 1994. Parker High School Auditorium Located at 900 Woodside Avenue in Greenville, this auditorium was built in 1938 by the Works Progress Administration. The auditorium was built at a cost of $50,000 and was named for Thomas F. Parker, local mill executive. The dedication ceremony was held on March 26, 1940. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, it was also designated by the Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission in 2000. Greenville County Courthouse Louis James House Located at 401 W. Poinsett Street in Greer, this early twentieth century Colonial Revival style house was built by J.C. Cunningham and Henry R. Trott for Louis James, a Greer cotton broker. The house was listed on the National Register in 1996. Carolina Supply Company The Carolina Supply Company was established in 1899 and provided equipment and supplies for textile mills and industrial businesses. The Company moved to this 35 West Court Street location in 1914. The four-story Renaissance Revival building was designed by John A. McPherson of J. E. Sirrine and Company. The interior of the building has pressed tin ceilings and mosaic tile floors. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Davenport House Located at 100 Randall Street in Greer, this house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. This two-story Tudor Eclectic style house features decorative halftimbering and stucco wall cladding. R. Perry Turner House Located at 211 N. Main Street in Greer, this house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. The classically detailed house features a two-story portico and was designed by local architect Willie Ward. 25 Robert G. Turner House Located at 305 N. Main Street in Greer and also designed by Willie Ward, this house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. This two-story brick house features a prominent brick chimney on the front as well as Colonial Revival style details. Brushy Creek Also known as the Cromwell Farm, this property at 327 Rice Street in Greenville is an unusual example of a farm existing inside the city. The property consists of land, a house, and a barn. The Greek-Revival house is thought to have belonged to Vardry McBee in the 1800s. The barn was built ca. 1870 and integrates half of a log cabin, with a stone chimney and “V” notching. The property was listed on the National Register in 1999. Hugh Aiken House Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, this Colonial Revival style house is significant because it was designed by William Riddle Ward, a prominent local architect. It is located at 1 Parkside Drive in Greenville. The Burdette Building This two-story building at 104 East Curtis Street in Simpsonville was built in 1921. The main occupant was B. W. Burdette & Bros. Hardware. Other tenants included a dry goods store, millinery shop, drug store, a department store, and a post office. The building was listed on the National Register in 2003. Gilfillin and Houston Building This two-story commercial building at 217-219 East Washington Street was built for prominent businessman Eugene A. Gilfillin around 1915. The building first housed the Greenville Bakery and later Greenville Auto Sales, a Ford dealership that was one of Greenville’s first automobile dealerships. The building was listed on the National Register in 2004 and is significant because it is a good example of vernacular commercial architecture from the first quarter of the twentieth century. Gilfillin and Houston Building 26 Future National Register Nominations The following nominations are pending approval for listing on the National Register of Historic Places: Cannon Building Located at 100 N. Main Street in Fountain Inn and constructed around 1880, this twostory brick store is an excellent example of late nineteenth century commercial architecture. It is also significant for its association with the Cannon family, who were instrumental in the development of Fountain Inn. East Park Avenue Historic District This area is associated with W.C. Cleveland, a former Greenville mayor and member of the South Carolina House of Representatives. In 1887, Cleveland donated land for what would become McPherson Park. In 1910, another portion of Cleveland’s land was subdivided for residential development. This residential area developed primarily during the 1920s and 1930s and features Tudor, Neoclassical, and Craftsman style architecture. Richland Cemetery Established in the late nineteenth century, Richland Cemetery is significant because it reflects the local heritage of Greenville’s African American community. This municipal cemetery was created to satisfy the burial needs of African Americans in the community who had no church cemeteries. Many of the most prominent members of the African American community in Greenville are buried at Richland Cemetery. Springwood Cemetery Nearly 200 years old, Springwood Cemetery is located in downtown Greenville and bounded by North Main, Elford, Church, and Academy Streets. The 30acre cemetery is culturally, historically, and architecturally significant. Development of the cemetery is directly linked with the growth and establishment of the city. Many of the most prominent and influential families from Greenville’s early history are buried in Springwood Cemetery. The variety and style of monuments reflects the age of the cemetery and the diversity of the people buried there. Richland Cemetary 27 Local Designations Contrary to popular belief, properties listed on the National Register are not fully protected. While they do receive some protection from the adverse effects of projects that require funding, licensing, or approval from the federal or state government, true protection depends on local governments. Through historic preservation zoning ordinances, local governments can designate and protect places that are culturally significant to their communities. Such ordinances typically establish a board of citizens and give them the authority to review and approve plans before any designated place or structure can be altered. In Greenville County, there are three such ordinances in effect, but they are limited in scope. Each program is summarized below. City of Greenville Design and Preservation Commission The City of Greenville has designated seven historic districts and one property for local protection. The designations are: Pettigru Historic District, Overbrook Historic District, East Park Avenue Historic District, Heritage Historic District, West End Historic District, Hampton-Pinckney Historic District, Colonel Elias Earle Historic District, and the Saint Peter Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas. The Pettigru, East Park, West End, Hampton-Pinckney, and Colonel Elias Earle Historic Districts are on the National Register of Historic Places and are described above. Brief descriptions of the districts and properties not listed on National Register are presented below. However, much more information is available on the City’s website: http://www.greatergreenville.com/neighborhoods/historic_districts.asp Overbrook Historic District Located just east of the city, this neighborhood developed in response to the 1913 expansion of Greenville’s trolley line. The first section contained predominately Craftsmanstyle bungalows. In the 1920s, larger Colonial Revival houses began to appear for white collar professionals. Easy access to the “Toonerville Trolley” made this area quite popular in the first half of the twentieth century. Heritage Historic District Northwest of downtown Greenville, the Heritage Historic District is the city’s most recent preservation overlay district. A vineyard before Greenville developer W.C. Cleveland purchased the land and subdivided it, the neighborhood was popular because it was close to the Women’s College. Additionally, the St. George Greek Orthodox Cathedral was organized in 1931 and the neighborhood became popular with Greek immigrants. Saint Peter Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas This African-American church at 301 Pine Street was locally designated in October of 2004. Constructed in 1928, the brick church is known for its weekly radio broadcast in the 28 1940s and 1950s, “Meeting House in Dixie.” Radio anchorman Claude Freeman broadcast the show every Wednesday night on WFBC. This event was significant because it was one of the earliest integrated worship services in Greenville. Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission The Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission has designated the following historic sites: Campbell Covered Bridge, Cherrydale, Edwards Mill, Parker High School Auditorium, Poinsett Bridge, Hopewell Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Holly Springs Schoolhouse, and Hopkins Farm. Cherrydale, Parker High School Auditorium, and the Poinsett Bridge are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The following descriptions cover the county’s designated properties that are not listed on the National Register. For more information about the county designated sites and the Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission please see: http://www.greenvillehistoricpreservation.org/ Campbell Covered Bridge Built in 1909 by Charles Irwin Willis, this bridge spans 38 feet across Beaverdam Creek on Pleasant Hill Road. It is South Carolina’s only remaining covered bridge. Edwards Mill Built in 1790 by Joseph Edwards, this mill on Wade Hampton Boulevard operated as a sawmill, cotton gin, and cabinetry shop. The stone foundation and dam are the only remaining original features of the mill. Hopewell Tuberculosis Sanitarium This large brick complex was used to quarantine tuberculosis patients in the early twentieth century. In the more recent past, it was used as a prison and a halfway house. It was designated by the county in 2001. Holly Springs Schoolhouse The Holly Springs Schoolhouse was recently designated by the Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission. Though no information on this property is available at this time, the Commission plans to put a description on its website in the near future. http://www.greenvillehistoricpreservation.org/ Hopkins Farm This 600-acre tract is situated along one and a half miles of the Reedy River near Simpsonville. The farm was the location of Toney’s Store, an early Indian trading post. It was also the site of the Battle of the Great Cane Break, the only Revolutionary War battlefield in Greenville County. Additionally, the property contains a magnificent double avenue of pecan trees planted in 1875 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the battle. The stone 29 farmhouse was visited by several South Carolina governors when the farm was used as the “Regimental Mustering Grounds” for the South Carolina Militia for many years after the Civil War. In addition to its historic significance, the property has an extensive floodplain, a rich wildlife habitat, and significant stands of hardwoods. City of Simpsonville The City of Simpsonville has an overlay district in a small portion of the downtown area. For more information, contact the City of Simpsonville, Board of Zoning Appeals at (864)967-9526. Though never passed, a draft historic preservation ordinance is available online at: http://simpsonvillesc.com/CityHall/HPO.htm. City of Greer The City of Greer hopes to establish a Board of Architectural Review in the near future to provide some protection for historic structures and sites within the city. For more information, please go to: http://www.cityofgreer.org/Departments/Zoning_PlanningZoning.aspx Comprehensive Survey Needed While there has been great progress in documenting many of the significant historic resources in Greenville County, a comprehensive countywide survey has never been done. The County would be well served by such a study. County planners and officials could use the study in making better decisions about where and how future growth should take place. Survey information also supports economic development and heritage tourism programs. In addition, surveys identify properties that are eligible for local designation and listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office website contains more information on comprehensive surveys and the small-scale surveys already completed in Greenville County: http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/hpsurvy/surveymain. htm Additional Information: Greenville County History Aheron, Piper Peters. Images of America: Greenville. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 1999. Bainbridge, Judith T. Greenville’s West End. Greenville, SC: Westend Association, 1993. Batson, Mann. Early Travel and Accommodations Along the Roads of the Upper Part of Greenville, South Carolina and Surrounding Areas. Travelers Rest, S.C. (203 Love Drive, Travelers Rest, 29690). 30 Belcher, Ray and Joada P. Hiatt. Greer: From Cotton Town to Industrial Center. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2003. Building Conservation Technology, Inc. The Historic Resources of Greenville, South Carolina. Funded by the City of Greenville and assisted by the South Carolina Department of Archives and History through a matching grant awarded by the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1981. Chicora Foundation, Inc (Michael Trinkley). A Heritage Resources Management Plan for Greenville County, South Carolina: Our Gift to the Future. Greenville, SC: 1995. Ebaugh, Laura Smith. Bridging the Gap: A Guide to Early Greenville, South Carolina. Greenville, SC: Greater Greenville Chamber of Commerce, 1966. Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc. City of Greenville, Architectural Inventory. Greenville, SC: City of Greenville, 2003. Flynn, Jean Martin. An Account of Taylors, 1817 to 1994. Spartanburg, SC: Reprint Company, 1995. Greenville County Historic Sites Driving Tour. Greenville, SC: Greenville County Library System, 2004. Available online at: http://www.greenvillelibrary.org/services/historical_sites/index.htm Huff, Archie Vernon, Jr. Greenville: The History of the City and County in the South Carolina Piedmont. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995. Willis, Jeffrey R. and Greenville County Historical Society. Remembering Greenville: Photographs from the Coxe Collection. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2003. In addition to the resources listed above, the Greenville County Historical Society has a wonderful collection of resources related to Greenville County’s history: http://www.greenvillehistory.org/index.html Historic Preservation and Architectural History Investing in South Carolina’s Future by Preserving Our Past: Report of the Governor’s Task Force on Historic Preservation and Heritage Tourism. By Robert T. Lyles, Chairman. Columbia, SC: November 2000. 31 McAlester, Virginia and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1984. Stipe, Robert E. and Antoinette J. Lee, eds. The American Mosaic: Preserving a Nation’s Heritage. Washington, DC: United States Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites, 1987. The National Register of Historic Places has a number of brochures, pamphlets, and publications that provide guidance to document, evaluate, and nominate historically significant sites. This information is available at the following website: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins.htm Additionally, the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office, a division of South Carolina Department of Archives and History, has many helpful resources on their website: http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/histrcpl.htm Finally, the South Carolina Chapter of the American Planning Association has compiled an extensive bibliography on cultural resources: http://www.scapa.org/CR_Bibliography.pdf 32 Copy of Special Places Inventory Brochure ive mit P ri h s g rc rin hu l Sp tist C 40 o o 8 p C Ba irca 1 c Steering Committee Diane E ldridge Eldridge Upstate Forever, Chair Lezlie B ar ker Bar arker Conestee Foundation Dennis B auknight Greenville County Soil & Bauknight Water Conservation District Judy Benedict Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission Judy C ell Crromw omwell Naturaland Trust & Conestee Foundation Nancy F itz er Fitz itzer Volunteer Josh G illespie Gillespie Greenville County Planning Commission Dav argett avee H Hargett Pinnacle Consulting Group Scott JJohnston ohnston Greenville City Design & Preservation Commission Rick Ow ens Owens Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission anson Bill R Ranson Earth Environmental Sciences Department, Furman University Brad SSauls auls S.C. Department of Archives & History B obb obbyy Watson Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission We need YOUR help to identify and protect the special places of Greenville County! Upstate Forever P.O. Box 2308 Greenville, SC 29602 (864) 250-0500 www.upstateforever.org 33 Special Places Inventory Public Meetings: Please attend one of the following meetings to learn about this project and nominate a special place. All meetings will begin at 7:00p.m. The Special Places Inventory is a project to identify ecologically sensitive areas, unique and critical wildlife habitats, important historical sites, prime farm lands, critical riparian lands, scenic vistas, and other special places in Greenville County, South Carolina. Greenville County is experiencing phenomenal growth and change. Its population is increasing at the rate of 16 people per day, while its open land is being developed at the rate of 9.2 acres per day. By identifying the county’s special places, we can take steps to protect many of them before it is too late. Tuesday, September 10 S.C. Governor’s School Performance Hall 15 University Street Thursday, September 12 Greenville Tech Greer Campus Re ed Room 120 & 121 y R rc ive a 18 r Fa 89 lls Ci Tuesday, September 17 Fork Shoals Elementary School Auditorium 916 McKelvey Road Thursday, September 19 Furman University Townes Auditorium Tuesday, September 24 Greenville Tech Brashier Campus Building 201 Room 124 Lake Conestee Thursday, September 26 Rolling Green Village Activity Room 1 Hoke Smith Blvd. The project is made possible by a grant from the Community Foundation of Greater Greenville to Upstate Forever. The Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission is providing assistance to Upstate Forever on this project. d re ve o ’s C ell dge b p ri am B C If you cannot attend one of these meetings, you can nominate a special place through the website, www.greenvillespecialplaces.org or by calling Upstate Forever at (864) 250-0500. www.greenvillespecialplaces.org cover: Poinsett Bridge in northern Greenville County, the oldest bridge in South Carolina 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Special Places Nominated by the Public 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Nominated Place Land Nominations Cedar Falls Roe Preserve Undeveloped Wooded Land on N. Main St. All land along the Reedy River Pond associated with wetlands Undeveloped woodlands Dam on the Saluda River Old rockhouse, waterfall and reservoir, Paris Mountain This side of Rae’s Creek Pax/Packs Mountain State Champion Eastern Red Cedar Hollingsworth Property Wetland at base of Paris Mountain Pasture, trees, mountain view Redbud Mountain SC Hwy 11 Lake Conestee Dam Conestee Mill Lake Conestee Acreage, woods, fields, pasture, house, farm Seneca Thrust Fault Saprolitic Exposure Address/Location Reedy River Frontage Rd., N. of Pine Forest Dr., Traveler’s Rest North Main Street, Greenville Across from Skyland Ele. on North Highway North and South of Beaver Dam Creek Rd. Saluda River Paris Mountain, across from Sumersett Golf Club Behind Rae’s Creek Dr. Northern Greenville County Old Hunts Bridge Rd., Greenville Off I-85 around Salters Rd Poinsett Hwy between Peddler and Sphinx stations S. of Tigerville West of intersection of SC 11 and N. Tigerville Northern Greenville County From I-85 - Mauldin Rd. S. to R. on Lake Conestee Conestee, adjacent to municipal stadium and lake Conestee 1720 Hudson Rd. Below the dining hall, Camp Greenville Mulligan’s view, on rd. approx. 1km E. of Camp Mulligan’s View Saprolitic Exposure Greenville Wildcat Wayside Gneiss Outcrop Wildcat Wayside, on the N. side of SC11/US276 Bald Rock US 276 S. of Caesars Head Balds Exposed along Big Top, Ridges along the SC/NC line just Makeral, and McCarroll Mountains west of US25, N of Traveler’s Rest Wildcat Wayside Waterfall Wildcat Wayside, on the N. side of SC 11/ US276 Blythe Shoals and South Saluda River Valley South of SC11/US276 along Blythe Shoals Rd. Mush Creek Shoals East central Slater quadrangle Slicking Falls Central Table Rock Quadrangle Raven Cliff Falls and Matthews Creek Northeastern Table Rock quadrangle US 25 From SC 11 to the NC state line Old White Horse Rd. SW of Travelers Rest SC Hwy 288 Pickens County border to Marietta North Tigerville Rd. Tigerville to North of SC 11 The Blue Wall trail SW of Landrum Palmetto Trail Northern Greenville County 45 Special Places Nominated by the Public (Continued) 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Nominated Place Historic Land Nominations Hampton Massacre Site Battle of Great Cane Brake Fork Shoals Mill and Falls John J. Jones Cemetery Chick Springs Crommcee Farm Cromwell Farm Duncan’s Chapel Cemetery Old Graveyard at Cliffs of Glassy Metates at Cliffs of Glassy Suber’s Mill Fisher’s Orchard Dillard’s Farms Perdue’s Mountian Fruit Farm Beechwood Farms Fairview Farms Address/Location On Wade Hampton Blvd. South Harrison Bridge Rd., Simpsonville Fork Shoals Intersection of Scuffletown Rd. and Carolina Way South Main Street Taylors, 29687 Rue St. Near Hughes Middle School Duncan’s Chapel Rd/Old Buncombe near Publix Cliffs of Glassy Cliffs of Glassy Greer Greer, N. of Wade Hampton on SC 101 504 S. Buncombe Rd., Greer SC Hwy 11 184 Bates Bridge Rd., Travelers Rest 1001 Locust Hill Rd., Greer 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Structure Nominations T.P. Wood Store Piedmont Manufacturing Co Blythe Goodwin Hagood House Stallings Mill Taylors first post office First Baptist Church of Taylors Home of Shoeless Joe Jackson Ms. Curetons home Augusta Circle School Greenville High School The Bath House at Paris Mountain State Park Poinsett Bridge Gowansville Schoolhouse Campbell Covered Bridge Pleasant Ridge County Park Downtown Tigerville Saluda River in Piedmont 3780 Highway 11 31 Stallings Rd. Taylors, 29687 Corner of Freeman Drive and Edwards Rd. N. of Greer on South Packs Mountain Rd. West Greenville Augusta St. 100 Winyah, Greenville 29605 1 Vardry St 63 64 65 66 67 State Park Rd., 3/4 mi from front gate of park Callahan Mountain Rd. SC Hwy 11 near Hwy 14 intersection Campbell Covered Bridge Rd., near Hwy 414 Hwy 11 Note: This is a list of all the sites nominated by the public. Upstate Forever has not verified the location of every nominated place 46 Map 1 Region North of Highway 11 This map generally shows the region north of Highway 11 in Greenville County. Based on Greenville County GIS Data. 47 Map 2 Properties Owned or Protected By Conservation Organizations and State Heritage Trust Program This map shows the general location of most properties owned or protected by conservation organizations in Greenville County. These organizations include the Carolina Mountain Land Conservancy, the Conestee Foundation, Friends of the Reedy River, Naturaland Trust, the Nature Conservancy and Upstate Forever. South Carolina Heritage Trust Sites are also shown. Based on Greenville County GIS Data and information provided by conservation organizations. 48 Lands Protected by Conservation Organizations and State Heritage Trust Program in Greenville County 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Name Table Rock Watershed CCC Road Watson-Cooper Heritage Preserve Watson-Cooper Easement Raven Cliff Falls Sky Ranche Bald Rock Heritage Preserve Chandler Heritage Preserve Ashmore Heritage Preserve Little Pinnacle Mountain Little Pinnacle Mountain Little Pinnacle Mountain Little Pinnacle Mountain Cedar Rock NC Border Escarpment NC Border Escarpment NC Border Escarpment Cleveland Easement NC Border Escarpment Dethro Easement Terry’s Creek Easement Panther Mountain Davis Easement Greenville Watershed (1) Cliffs Glassy Cliffs Glassy Cliffs Glassy Cliffs Glassy Cliffs Glassy Cliffs Glassy Cliffs Glassy Chestnut Ridge Heritage Preserve Greenville Watershed (2) Blue Wall Blue Wall Blue Wall Blue Wall Tract II Easement Blue Wall Tract I Easement Blue Wall Blue Wall Blue Wall Gilbert Easement Blue Wall Blue Wall Blackwell Bunched Arrowhead Heritage Preserve Bunched Arrowhead Heritage Preserve Acreage 6,848 3 1,707 47 9 196 163 253 1,031 3 174 251 70 494 342 76 67 10 560 163 214 78 27 19,980 56 85 20 49 138 210 43 1,669 53 20 94 122 5 7 257 24 26 37 91 36 Protected/Owned By The Nature Conservancy Naturaland Trust South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust South Carolina Department of Natural Resources South Carolina Department of Natural Resources South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust The Nature Conservancy Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust Naturaland Trust Carolina Mountain Land Conservancy Upstate Forever Naturaland Trust Upstate Forever The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy South Carolina Department of Natural Resources The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy Naturaland Trust Upstate Forever Upstate Forever The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy Naturaland Trust The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy Naturaland Trust 16 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources 159 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources 49 Lands Protected by Conservation Organizations and State Heritage Trust Program in Greenville County (Continued) 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Name Acreage Protected/Owned By Belvue Springs Heritage Preserve 28 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Clear Creek Heritage Preserve 19 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Paris Mountain McKinney Tracts A and B 189 Upstate Forever Paris Mountain-Graham 16 Upstate Forever Westside Park Tract 8 Friends of the Reedy River South Weaving Tract 4 Friends of the Reedy River Long Branch 2 Friends of the Reedy River/Naturaland Trust Salvation Army Tract 4 Friends of the Reedy River Cooper Tract 11 Friends of the Reedy River Reedy River Easement 5 Upstate Forever/Naturaland Trust Furman Tract 5 Friends of the Reedy River Pettigru Street 0 Naturaland Trust Overbrook Easement 1 Upstate Forever Roosevelt Woods 7 Friends of the Reedy River Threatt Tract 9 Friends of the Reedy River Lake Conestee Tract 150 Conestee Foundation Henderson Farm Tract 110 Conestee Foundation Sloan Easement 197 Upstate Forever Grove Creek Mitigation Easement 507 Upstate Forever Preston’s Farm Easement 322 Upstate Forever Total: 37,577 acres 50 Map 3 Prime Soils of Greenville County This map shows the general location of the prime soils in Greenville County. Prime soils include: Appling sandy loam, Cecil sandy loam, Durham loamy sand, Helena sandy loam, Hiwassee sandy loam, Madison sandy loam, and Wickham sandy loam. Based on the Greenville County Soil Survey, 1972, Soil Conservation Service, USDA, and Greenville County GIS Data as adapted by Pinnacle Consulting Group. 51 Map 4 Greenville County Rivers and Streams This map shows the general location of the major rivers in Greenville County and many of their principal tributaries. Based on Greenville County GIS Data as adapted by Pinnacle Consulting Group. 52 Map 5 Greenville County Parks and Recreation Areas This map shows the general location of most public parks and recreation facilities in Greenville County. Community gardens are not shown. Based on Greenville City and County GIS Data and on information in the files of local park agencies. 53 Public Parks and Recreation Areas in Greenville County 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Name Slater Hall Community Center Slater-White Park Slater-Marietta Park Les Mullinax Park Talley Bridge Park Pleasant Ridge Park Caesar’s Head Jones Gap State Park Camp Spearhead Lake Cunningham Lake Lanier Blue Ridge Park Gateway Park Saluda Lake Riverbend Equestrian Park Brutontown Community Center Westside Park and Inside Aquatics Piney Mountain Monaghan Field Happy Hearts Community Center Woodside Mill Field Lincoln Park Lake Robinson Paris Mountain State Park Northside Park Poinsett Park Needmore Center Century Park and Kid’s Planet Playground Horace McKown Center Tryon Street Park Center Turner Park Suber Road Complex Greer City Stadium Country Club Road Park Freetown Community Center Sterling Community Center Welcome Park Shoeless Joe Jackson Memorial Park Paramount Park Butler Springs Park Nicholtown Community Center Gatlin Park Green Forest Pool Verner Springs Linky Stone Park Kiwanis Park Rockwood Park Gower Estates Park 54 Location Slater Slater Marietta Travelers Rest Slater Cleveland Cleveland Marietta Cleveland Greer Greenville Greer Travelers Rest Berea Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Taylors Greer Greenville Greenville Travelers Rest Greer Greer Greer Greer Greer Greer Greer Greer Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenvile Greenville Public Parks and Recreation Areas in Greenville County (Continued) 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Name Juanita Butler Community Center Logan Park Tindale Avenue Park Watts Park Henry Bacon McKoy Park Skyland Park Holmes Park University Park North Main Park/B. Pearse Center Croft Park Cleveland Park Viola Park Pinckney-Fludd Park Timmons Park Elizabeth Street Park David Hellams Community Center Hessie T. Morrah Park Railroad Mini-Park McPherson Park Park Avenue Gym Newtown Park West Washington Park Mayberry Park S.O. Walker Pool West Greenville Community Center Reedy River Falls Park Brushy Creek Soccer Complex Pavilion Recreation Complex Roper Mountain Science Center East Riverside Park Gary Pittman Park Mount Pleasant Community Center Woodfield Community Center Lakeside Park Mauldin City Park Mauldin Sunset Park Springfield Park Greenville Municipal Stadium Pelham Mill Park Idlewood Park Chapman Grove Park Woodmont Park Fork Shoals College Street Park Activity Center Southside Park Alder Park Tebblewood Park Anglewood Park Woodside Park 55 Location Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenvile Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenvile Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenvile Greenville Greenville Greenville Taylors Taylors Greenville Greer Greenville Greenville Greenville Piedmont Mauldin Mauldin Mauldin Mauldin Greenville Greenville Pelzer Piedmont Off of Highway 25 South Simpsonville Simpsonville Simpsonville Simpsonville Simpsonville Simpsonville Simpsonville Public Parks and Recreation Areas in Greenville County (Continued) 99 100 101 102 103 104 Name Simpsonville City Park Forest Park Heritage Park Fowler Street Park Fairview St.Park City Park Location Simpsonville Simpsonville Simpsonville Fountain Inn Fountain Inn Fountain Inn Note: This list is based on Greenville City and County GIS data and on information in the files of local park agencies. It is possible that a few small parks and facilities are not on the list. Community gardens are not shown. 56 Endangered Plant Species Found in Greenville County Common Name Adder’s-Tongue American Ginseng American Golden-Saxifrage American Lily-Of-The-Valley American Water-Pennywort Blue Cohosh Blue Monkshood Blunt-Leaf Waterleaf Bog Rose Broad-Leaved Tickseed Broad-Toothed Hedge-Nettle Bunched Arrowhead Butternut Carey Saxifrage Carolina Tassel-Rue Catawba Rhododendron Climbing Fern Crinkled Hairgrass Deep-Root Clubmoss Dwarf-Flowered Heartleaf Eastern Turkeybeard Enchanter’s Nightshade Evergreen Woodfern False Dandelion Fernleaf Phacelia Gay-Wing Milkwort Hairy Sweet-Cicely Heart-Leaved Foam Flower Hollow Joe-Pye Weed Large-Fruited Sanicle Large-Leaved Grass-Of-Parnassus Large Yellow Lady’s-Slipper Lettuce-Leaf Saxifrage Little-Leaved Alumroot Liverleaf Lobed Spleenwort Maidenhair Spleenwort Mountain Bugbane Mountain Camellia Mountain Sweet Pitcher-Plant Mountain Witch-Alder Naked-Fruited Rush Nodding Pogonia Oconee-Bells Oswego Tea Painted Trillium Pale Jewel-Weed Piedmont Ragwort Scientific Name Ophioglossum Vulgatum Panax Quinquefolius Chrysosplenium Americanum Convallaria Montana Hydrocotyle Americana Caulophyllum Thalictroides Aconitum Uncinatum Hydrophyllum Canadense Arethusa Bulbosa Coreopsis Latifolia Stachys Tenuifolia Var Latidens Sagittaria Fasciculata Juglans Cinerea Saxifraga Careyana Trautvetteria Caroliniensis Rhododendron Catawbiense Lygodium Palmatum Deschampsia Flexuosa Lycopodium Tristachyum Hexastylis Naniflora Xerophyllum Asphodeloides Circaea Lutetiana Ssp Canadensis Dryopteris Intermedia Krigia Montana Phacelia Bipinnatifida Polygala Paucifolia Osmorhiza Claytonii Tiarella Cordifolia Var Cordifolia Eupatorium Fistulosum Sanicula Trifoliata Parnassia Grandifolia Cypripedium Pubescens Saxifraga Micranthidifolia Heuchera Parviflora Hepatica Acutiloba Asplenium Pinnatifidum Asplenium Trichomanes Cimicifuga Americana Stewartia Ovata Sarracenia Rubra Ssp Jonesii Fothergilla Major Juncus Gymnocarpus Triphora Trianthophora Shortia Galacifolia Monarda Didyma Trillium Undulatum Impatiens Pallida Senecio Millefolium 57 Endangered Plant Species Found in Greenville County (Continued) Common Name Pink Turtlehead Pipevine Purple Fringeless Orchid Reflexed Blue-Eyed Grass Rocky Gnome Lichen Scarlet Indian-Paintbrush Shortleaf Sneezeweed Single-Haired Mountain-Mint Smooth Indigobush Soft-Haired Thermopsis Soft Groovebur South Carolina Sedge Southeastern Tickseed Southern Thimble-Weed Stiff Dogwood Streambank Mock-Orange Striped Maple Swamp-Pink Sweet Fern Sweet Pinesap Tall Bellflower Teaberry Umbrella-Leaf Virginia Stickseed Walking-Fern Spleenwort White-Leaved Sunflower White Goldenrod Woods-Rush Yellow Birch Yellow Honeysuckle Yellowwood Scientific Name Chelone Lyonii Aristolochia Macrophylla Platanthera Peramoena Sisyrinchium Dichotomum Gymnoderma Lineare Castilleja Coccinea Helenium Brevifolium Pycnanthemum Montanum Amorpha Glabra Thermopsis Mollis Agrimonia Pubescens Carex Austrocaroliniana Coreopsis Gladiata Anemone Berlandieri Cornus Racemosa Philadelphus Hirsutus Acer Pensylvanicum Helonias Bullata Comptonia Peregrina Monotropsis Odorata Campanula Americana Gaultheria Procumbens Diphylleia Cymosa Hackelia Virginiana Asplenium Rhizophyllum Helianthus Glaucophyllus Solidago Bicolor Juncus Subcaudatus Betula Alleghaniensis Lonicera Flava Cladrastis Kentukea 58 Endangered Animal Species Found in Greenville County Common Name Barn-Owl Blacknose Dace Bog Turtle Cinereus Or Masked Shrew Cooper’s Hawk Eastern Small-Footed Myotis Eastern Spotted Skunk Eastern Woodrat Fantail Darter Green Salamander Little Brown Myotis Meadow Vole Milk Snake New England Cottontail Northern Myotis Pickerel Frog Pygmy Shrew Rafinesque’s Big-Eared Bat Red Squirrel Showy Orchid Star-Nosed Mole Scientific Name Tyto Alba Rhinichthys Atratulus Glyptemys Muhlenbergii Sorex Cinereus Accipiter Cooperii Myotis Leibii Spilogale Putorius Neotoma Floridana Etheostoma Flabellare Aneides Aeneus Myotis Lucifugus Microtus Pennsylvanicus Lampropeltis Triangulum Sylvilagus Transitionalis Myotis Septentrionalis Rana Palustris Sorex Hoyi Corynorhinus Rafinesquii Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus Galearis Spectabilis Condylura Cristata 59