Intervalo de confianza
Transcription
Intervalo de confianza
Chapter 5 Sampling Distributions Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Section 5.1 Basic Ideas Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Tipos de Muestra • Para tomar decisión de la sección estudiada. – Accesible: Son los datos que se encuentran al alcance del investigador. – Experiencia: Son los datos seleccionados por la experiencia del investigador • Para tomar decisión de toda la población. – Aleatoriamente: Cada individuo tuvo la misma oportunidad de ser seleccionado. Tipos de Muestreo • Aleatorio Simple: Conociendo la cantidad de muestras requeridas se utilizan número aleatorios para seleccionar los datos de estudio. • Estratificado: Se sub-divide la población por características de interés en al menos dos sub-poblaciones (estratos), luego se realiza un muestreo aleatorio simple. • Conglomerado “Cluster”: Se divide la población en secciones o conglomerados, luego se realiza una selección aleatoria de los conglomerados y se estudian todos sus constituyentes. Tipos de Muestreo Cont • Conveniencia: Se utiliza los resultados que ya están disponibles. • Sistemáticos: Se selecciona un punto de partida y luego seleccionamos el enésimo elemento de la población. Gráfica de Muestras Agrupadas • Comportamiento de datos: – Histogramas – Polígonos • Localización de datos: – Ojivas • Para poder construir estas gráficas: – – – – Tenemos que organizar los datos en forma ascendente. Determinar los intervalos de las clase. Organizamos los datos en cada clase. Calculamos la: frecuencia, frecuencia relativa, frecuencia acumulada. Page 146 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5-7 Page 148 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5-8 Page 149 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5-9 Page 149 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 10 Section 5.2 The Sample Mean Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 150 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 12 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 13 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 14 Page 125 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 4 - 15 Page 125 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 4 - 16 Page 125 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 4 - 17 Page 126 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 4 - 18 Page 126 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 4 - 19 Page 151 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 20 Page 152 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 21 Page 152 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 22 Page 153 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 23 Page 154 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 24 Page 154 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 25 Page 155 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 26 Page 155 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 27 Page 155 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 28 Page 156 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 29 Section 5.3 Illustration of the Central Limit Theorem (Optional) Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 159 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 31 Page 160 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 32 Page 160 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 33 Page 161 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 34 Section 5.4 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution (Optional) Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 163 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 36 Page 163 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 37 Page 164 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 38 Page 165 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 39 Page 165 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 40 Page 165 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 5 - 41 Chapter 6 Confidence Intervals Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Section 6.1 Statistical Estimation Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 170 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 44 Page 171 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 45 Section 6.2 Standard Error of the Mean Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 172 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 47 Page 173 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 48 Page 173 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 49 Page 174 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 50 Page 174 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 51 Page 175 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 52 Page 176 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 53 Section 6.3 Confidence Interval for m Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 177 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 55 Page 178 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 56 Page 179 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 57 Page 179 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 58 Page 182 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Continued on next page 6 - 59 Page 182 (cont’d) Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 60 Page 184 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 61 Page 184 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 62 Section 6.4 Planning a Study to Estimate m Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 196 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 64 Section 6.6 Comparing Two Means Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 200 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 66 Page 201 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 67 Page 201 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 68 Page 202 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 69 Page 202 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 70 Page 202 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 71 Section 6.7 Confidence Interval for (m1 – m2) Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Page 207 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 73 Page 207 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 74 Page 209 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 75 Page 209 Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 6 - 76 Section 6.8 Perspective and Summary Copyright © 2012, 2003, 1999, 1989 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.