44th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems Program

44th CIRP Conference
on Manufacturing Systems
May 31–June 3, 2011
Madison, WI, USA
Program
MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
Welcome
From Neil A. Duffie, Conference Chair
Welcome to the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the 44th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems. This conference has a long history of bringing
together researchers from the wide field of manufacturing systems engineering,
and we are delighted to be hosting it this year in Madison.
The conference provides an unparalleled international forum for researchers to
discuss the state of the art and innovation in the field of manufacturing production and logistics, and to disseminate their recent advances and ideas in this area. Today, the “New World”
of manufacturing is truly global, and other “New Worlds” of cyber, micro/nano and bio technologies are
being developed in exciting manufacturing research programs with the view of their integration into new
products and manufacturing systems that will change the future as dramatically as laptops and smart phones
have changed the present. Such futuristic thinking is addressed in the conference proceedings by technical papers from authors of some 22 nationalities on topics ranging from production networks to service
engineering to nanomanufacturing. The conference site, which surrounds the beautiful atrium of the newly
remodeled Mechanical Engineering Building on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus, will host
formal presentations on these topics and will foster informal discussions and relationship-building between
international participants.
The Organizing Committee would like to express its gratitude to the members of the International Program
Committee for their insight and professionalism in reviewing proposed papers and providing priceless
advice to the Organizing Committee and the authors. We would like to thank our sponsors and College of
Engineering for their support and encouragement and, finally, we would like to thank you for participating!
We are sure that you will find the conference intellectually stimulating and professionally productive, and
we are sure that you will find that the City of Madison and its great University live up to their international
reputation for scholarship, business, sports, nightlife and the arts.
Professor Neil A. Duffie, Chair
44th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Committees
Chairs:
Prof. Neil A. Duffie
Prof. Marvin F. DeVries (honorary)
Co-Chairs:
Prof. Ananth Krishnamurthy
Prof. Jingshan Li
Prof. Xiaochun Li
Prof. Tim A. Osswald
Prof. Frank E. Pfefferkorn
Prof. Leyuan Shi
Prof. Dharmaraj Veeramani
Prof. Shiyu Zhou
International Program Committee
Prof. E. Abele
Prof. L. Alting
Prof. C. Andersson
Prof. J. Aurich
Prof. H. Bley
Prof. K. Bouzakis
Prof. P. Butala
Prof. G. Byrne
Prof. J. Cao
Prof. G. Chryssolouris
Dr. C. Constantinescu
Prof. P. Cunha
Dr. D. D’Addona
Prof. B. Denkena
Prof. J. Duflou
Prof. H. ElMaraghy
Prof. E. Frazzon
Prof. R. Gao
Prof. P. Gu
Prof. C. Herrmann
Prof. J. Jawahir
Prof. F. Jovane
Prof. H. Karimi
Prof. F. Kimura
Prof. A. Kjellberg
Dr. P. Kuhlang
Prof. G. Lanza
Prof. S. Liang
Prof. L. Laperriere
Prof. T. Lien
Prof. H. Loedding
Prof. E. Lutters
Prof. V. Majstorovich
Prof. K. Matyas
Prof. H. Meier
Prof. M. Mitsuishi
Prof. L. Monostori
Prof. D. Mourtzis
Prof. A. Nee
Prof. P. Nyhuis
Prof. G. Putnik
Prof. K. Rajurkar
Prof. R. Roy
Prof. M. Santochi
Prof. B. Scholz-Reiter
Prof. J. Schuetze
Prof. G. Seliger
Prof. W. Sihn
Prof. A. Sluga
Prof. S. Smith
Prof. J. Sutherland
Prof. R. Teti
Prof. S. Tichkiewitch
Prof. K. Tracht
Prof. M. Tseng
Prof. K. Ueda
Prof. H. Van Brussel
Prof. F. Van Houten
Prof. J. Vancza
Prof. E. Westkaemper
Prof. H-.P. Wiendahl
Prof. R. Wilhelm
Prof. K. Windt
Prof. M. Zaeh
Conference Planning Services
Patti Thompson
Conference Planning Services Manager
Christopher Sholke
Tammy Blankenheim
Deborah Curry
Conference Planning Services Specialist
University of Wisconsin-Extention
Angela Chopp
Registrations Supervisor
Hosting Departments
Mechanical, Industrial & Systems Engineering
College of Engineering
University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Table of Contents
Conference Program
Welcome Reception at the Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery
Tuesday, May 31, 2011: 6:00 PM-8:00 PM
Plenary Session
Wednesday, June 1, 2011: 9:00 AM-10:30 AM
Dean Paul S. Peercy
Prof. Fred van Houten
Prof. Lih-Sheng “Tom” Turng
Sustainable Manufacturing
Wednesday, June 1, 2011: 11:00 AM-5:30 PM
11:00 AM Material Flow Cost Accounting – Proposals for Improving the Evaluation of
Monetary Effects of Resource Saving Process Designs..................................................................1
Ronny Sygulla, Annett Bierer, Uwe Goetze
11:30 AM Visualization of Environmental Impacts for Manufacturing Processes using
Virtual Reality...................................................................................................................................1
Christoph Herrmann, Andre Zein, Wessel W. Wits, Fred J.A.M. Van Houten
12:00 PM Data Requirements and Representation for Simulation of Energy Consumption in
Production Systems...........................................................................................................................2
Anders Skoogh, Bjorn Johansson, Lars Hanson
2:00 PM A Systematic Approach to Resource-Efficient Process Planning for
Low-Carbon Manufacturing............................................................................................................2
Xiangqian Shi, Horst Meier
2:30 PM A Lean Sustainable Production Assessment Tool...........................................................................2
Glenn W. Kuriger, Yue Huang, F. Frank Chen
3:00 PM A Model for Sustainability Assessment of Manufacturing System Reuse:
Case Study in a Developing Country...............................................................................................2
A. Ziout, Waguih ElMaraghy, S. Altarazi
4:00 PM Polymer Water as Optimal Cutting Fluid: Analysis of Environmental Advantages..................3
Andre Zein, Gerlind Oehlschlaeger, Christoph Herrmann
4:30 PM Demand Driven Recycling in Value Creation Cycles.....................................................................3
Steffen Heyer, Guenther Seliger
5:00 PM CSM-Hotel – A new Manufacturing Concept for Small and Medium Enterprises....................3
Hasse Tapani Nylund, Ville Toivonen, Kai Salminen, Reijo Tuokko
Design of Manufacturing Systems - I
Wednesday, June 1, 2011: 11:00 AM-5:30 PM
11:00 AM Design Metaphors for physically based Virtual Commissioning..................................................3
Gunther Reinhart, Frederic-Felix Lacour
11:30 AM Virtual validation of material provisioning in assembly in the automotive industry.................4
Karl-Josef Wack, Thomas Baer, Steffen Strassburger
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12:00 PM Design of Mixed Model Assembly Lines – Simulation based Planning Support.........................4
Philipp Halubek, Christoph Herrmann
2:00 PM Risk assessment of hybrid manufacturing technologies for ramp-up projects...........................4
Bastian Nau, Andreas Roderburg, Fritz Klocke, Hong Seok Park
2:30 PM Lifecycle-based Technology Planning and Assessment of Machine Tools within the
Aviation Industry..............................................................................................................................4
Berend Denkena, Mark Eikoetter
3:00 PM The critical role of design information for improved equipment supplier
integration during production system design.................................................................................5
Jessica Bruch, Monica Bellgran
4:00 PM Flexibility Consideration in the Design of Manufacturing Systems:
An industrial case study...................................................................................................................5
Dimitris Mourtzis, Kosmas Alexopoulos, George Chryssolouris
4:30 PM Noise Investigation in Manufacturing.............................................................................................5
Xiang Yang, Simon Schroeder, Martin Bertram, Tim Biedert, Hans Hagen, Jan C. Aurich
5:00 PM A Framework for Enabling Flexibility Quantification in Modern Manufacturing
System Design Approaches...............................................................................................................5
George Michalos, Sotiris Makris, Nikolaos Papakostas, George Chryssolouris
Service Engineering
Wednesday, June 1, 2011: 11:00 AM-5:30 PM
11:00 AM A proposal for service design support system using knowledge from Web resources................6
Yasuyuki Kitai, Kazuhiro Oki, Koji Kimita, Kentaro Watanabe, Ryosuke Chiba, Yoshiki Shimomura
11:30 AM Adopting the Manufacturing Service Bus in a Service-based Product Lifecycle
Management Architecture................................................................................................................6
Stefan Silcher, Jorge Minguez, Bernhard Mitschang
12:00 PM Providing Coordination and Goal Definition in Product-Service Systems through
Service-oriented Computing............................................................................................................6
Jorge Minguez, David Baureis, Donald Neumann
2:00 PM Simulation Modelling for Availability Contracts...........................................................................6
Sarocha Phumbua, Benny Tjahjono
2:30 PM Development of Product-Service Systems in the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation......................7
David Baureis, Lena Wagner, Joachim Warschat
3:00 PM Qualification of global Tool Monitoring via virtual Platforms.....................................................7
Guenther Schuh, Jens Arnoscht, Magdalena Voelker
4:00 PM Game Theoretic Modeling and Multiagent Simulation of Membership-type Services..............7
Nariaki Nishino, Kousuke Fujita, Kanji Ueda
4:30 PM Contents Parameter Design using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm
Optimization for Service Improvement..........................................................................................7
Ryosuke Chiba, Fumiya Akasaka, Takeshi Tateyama, Kentaro Watanabe, Yoshiki Shimomura
5:00 PM Towards Intelligent Manufacturing: Equipping SOA-based Manufacturing
Architectures with advanced SLM Services...................................................................................8
Jorge Minguez, Stefan Silcher, Bernhard Mitschang, Engelbert Westkaemper
iv
Advanced Polymer and Composites Engineering
Wednesday, June 1, 2011: 11:00 AM-5:00 PM
11:00 AM Polymer Powders for Selective Laser Sintering – Production and Characterization.................8
Dominik Rietzel, William Aquite, Dietmar Drummer, Tim Osswald
11:30 AM Manufacturing Polymer Micropellets and Powders using Rayleigh Disturbances....................8
William Aquite, Martin Launhardt, Tim Osswald
12:00 PM Roller imprinting of optical film with continuous ball-shape micro-lens arrays
using a seamless roller mold.............................................................................................................8
Yung-Chun Lee, Wen-Hui Lee, Hong-Wei Chen, Fei-Bin Hsiao
2:00 PM High Precision Plastic Parts for Optical Applications by Compression
Induced Solidification (CIS).............................................................................................................9
Natalie Rudolph, Tim Osswald
2:30 PM Artificial neural network approach for injection mould cost estimation.....................................9
Zsolt Janos Viharos, Balazs Miko
3:00 PM Development of short fiber-reinforced plastic front side panels for
weight-reduced automobiles.............................................................................................................9
Xuan-Phuong Dang, Hong Seok Park, Andreas Roderburg, Bastian Nau
4:00 PM Experimental Investigation Into the Effects of Fountain Flow on Fiber-Matrix
Separation in Fiber Reinforced Injection Molded Parts...............................................................9
Hashim Al-Zain, Tim Osswald
4:30 PM Influence of Expansion Injection Moulding (EIM) upon Part Properties.................................10
Dietmar Drummer, Karoline Vetter
Optimization of Manufacturing Systems - I
Wednesday, June 1, 2011: 11:00 AM-5:30 PM
11:00 AM Analysis of Quality Improvability and Bottleneck Transitions in Flexible
Manufacturing Systems: A System-theoretic Approach..............................................................10
Junwen Wang, Jingshan Li, Jorge Arinez, Stephan Biller
11:30 AM Incorporating Contract Decision to Supply Chain Optimization..............................................10
Sisi Yin, Tatsushi Nishi
12:00 PM Solution of Polynomial Equation Arising in Evaluation of Two-Machine,
One Buffer Multiple Parallel or Serial Failure Problems...........................................................10
Alireza Fazlirad, Theodor Freiheit
2:00 PM Performance Analysis of Unit-load Transfer Systems in Multi-Tier Warehouses
with Autonomous Vehicles.............................................................................................................. 11
Debjit Roy, Ananth Krishnamurhty
2:30 PM Dynamic Optimization of Manufacturing Systems to Minimize Life Cycle Costs................... 11
Gisela Lanza, Steven Peters
3:00 PM Co-Analysing Situations and Production Control Rules in a Large-Scale
Manufacturing Environment......................................................................................................... 11
Botond Kadar, Andras Pfeiffer, Laszlo Monostori, Zoltan Ven, Gergely Popovics
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4:00 PM Quality analysis of an Algorithmic Design Solution for a Reconfigurable
Manufacturing System................................................................................................................... 11
Aamer Ahmed Baqai, Jean-Yves Dantan, Ali Siadat, Patrick Martin
4:30 PM Change Drivers and Adaptation of Automotive Manufacturing................................................12
Carina Loeffler, Engelbert Westkaemper, Karl Unger
5:00 PM Model-Based Enterprise for Manufacturing................................................................................12
Simon Frechette
Production Networks
Thursday, June 2, 2011: 8:30 AM-4:30 PM
8:30 AM Modeling of Communication Processes in Collaborative Production Networks......................12
Jens Schuetze, Heiko Baum, Michael Krause, Egon Mueller
9:00 AM Modeling and Simulation of Quality Control Strategies in Value-Added-Networks
under Consideration of Individual Target Systems and Product Characteristics using
Software Agents...............................................................................................................................12
Johannes Book, Gisela Lanza
9:30 AM Economic Optimization and Assessment for Sustainable Product and Closed-loop
Supply Chain Design.......................................................................................................................13
Haritha Metta, Fazleena Badurdeen
10:30 AM Synchronous Method and Engineering Tool for the Strategic Factory Planning and
the Network Planning.....................................................................................................................13
Omar Abdul Rahman, Jens Michael Jaeger, Carmen Constantinescu
11:00 AM A Sustainability-Based Approach to Supplier Selection, Quantity Allocation and
Risk Reduction in Global Supply Chains.....................................................................................13
Vivek Kumar Dubey, Dharmaraj Veeramani
11:30 AM Source Selection for Spare Part Supply........................................................................................13
Kirsten Tracht, Michael Mederer, Daniel Schneider
12:00 PM Towards Ubiquitous Manufacturing Systems: ICT Infrastructure for a Global
Manufacturing Network.................................................................................................................14
Rok Vrabic, Gasper Skulj, Alojzij Sluga, Peter Butala
2:00 PM Identification of constitutive characteristics for configuring adaptable logistics chains..........14
Wilfried Sihn, Markus Florian, Henrik Gommel
2:30 PM Considerations on a contemporary Flexibility Approach...........................................................14
Herwig Winkler, Gottfried Seebacher
3:00 PM An Approach to Negotiation-Based Alignment of Manufacturing and
Transportation Systems along Global Production Networks......................................................14
Bernd Scholz-Reiter, Christoph Schwindt, Enzo Morosini Frazzon, Thomas Makuschewitz
4:00 PM A Reference Model for Sustainable and Collaborative Supply Chain of small
series production in Textile, Clothing and Footwear Industry...................................................15
Rosanna Fornasiero, Emanuele Carpanzano, Valentina Franchini
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Dynamics of Manufacturing Systems - I
Thursday, June 2, 2011: 8:30 AM-12:30 PM
8:30 AM A Control-based Modeling Approach to Changeable Manufacturing.......................................15
Peter Nyhuis, Hoda ElMaraghy, Ahmed Azab, Julia Pachow-Frauenhofer
9:00 AM Modeling the Control System Infrastructure for Autonomous Logistics Processes.................15
Bernd Scholz-Reiter, Steffen Sowade, Daniel Rippel
9:30 AM Dynamic manufacturing costs - Describing the dynamic behaviour of downtimes
from a cost perspective...................................................................................................................16
Mathias Jonsson, Per Gabrielson, Carin Andersson, Jan-Eric Stahl
10:30 AM Flow control in production logistic networks...............................................................................16
Till Becker, Moritz Beber, Katja Windt, Marc-Thorsten Huett
11:00 AM Simulation as a tool in Self Adaptive Control for Flexible Assembly Systems..........................16
Azrul Azwan, Abdul Rahman, Guenther Seliger
11:30 AM Application of Learning Pallets in hybrid Flow- Open Shop Scheduling;
using Artificial Intelligence.............................................................................................................16
Afshin Mehrsai, Bernd Scholz-Reiter
12:00 PM Design and implementation of distributed and adaptive control solutions for
Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems.......................................................................................17
Anna Valente, Emanuele Carpanzano, Alessandro Brusaferri
Production Planning
Thursday, June 2, 2011: 8:30 AM-3:30 PM
8:30 AM Production Structure Calendar – A Strategic Planning Tool......................................................17
Gunther Reinhart, Johannes Pohl
9:00 AM Analysing and Planning of Engineering Changes in Manufacturing Systems..........................17
Rene Christian Malak, Xiang Yang, Jan C. Aurich
9:30 AM Systematic Procedure for Leveling of Low Volume and High Mix Production........................17
Fabian Bohnen, Matthias Buhl, Jochen Deuse
10:30 AM Classification of interdependent planning restrictions and their various impacts on
long-, mid- and short term planning of high variety production................................................18
Stefan Auer, Lothar Maerz, Hansjoerg Tutsch, Wilfried Sihn
11:00 AM
Efficient preparation of digital production validation.................................................................18
Karl-Josef Wack, Franz Otto, Martin Manns, Steffen Strassburger
11:30 AM Production Scheduling with Social Contract Based Approach for Real-Virtual
Fusion Manufacturing System.......................................................................................................18
Yi Qian, Nobutada Fujii, Toshiya Kaihara, Susumu Fujii, Toyohiro Umeda
12:00 PM Managing Production Performance with Overall Equipment Efficiency
(OEE) - Implementation Issues and Common Pitfalls................................................................18
Carin Andersson, Monica Bellgran
2:00 PM Extracting process time information from large-scale noisy manufacturing event logs..........19
David Karnok, Laszlo Monostori
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2:30 PM Automatic recognition of manufacturing processes on the basis of technical drawings..........19
Stefan Punz, Peter Hehenberger, Ira Shanker, Klaus Zeman
3:00 PM Fundamental approach to standardize the application of Value Stream Mapping..................19
Peter Kuhlang
Manufacturing Processes - I
Thursday, June 2, 2011: 8:30 AM-5:00 PM
8:30 AM A Hybrid Approach to Defect Diagnosis in Rotary Machines....................................................19
Jinjiang Wang, Robert X. Gao, Ruqiang Yan
9:00 AM Event-Driven Sensing for Energy Efficient Manufacturing System and
Process Monitoring.........................................................................................................................20
Timothy Kurp, Robert X. Gao, Sripati Sah
9:30 AM A Proposal of BPMN Extensions for the Manufacturing Domain..............................................20
Sema Zor, Frank Leymann, David Schumm
10:30 AM Development of a Novel Superfinishing Apparatus for Controlled Texturing of
Functional Surfaces.........................................................................................................................20
Lanny Kirkhorn, Kenneth Frogner, Tord Cedell, Mats Andersson, Jan-Eric Stahl
11:00 AM Surface Topography Characteristics for Improving Drug Adhesion in Laser
Textured Stents................................................................................................................................20
Michelle Kay Buehler, Pal Molian
11:30 AM Model Guided Pulsed Laser Micro Polishing of H13 Tool Steel.................................................21
Madhu Vadali, Chao Ma, Neil Duffie, Xiaochun Li, Frank Pfefferkorn
12:00 PM Effect of Fluid Medium on Laser Machining of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride Tool....21
Ammar Melaibari, Pal Molian, Pranav Shrotriya
2:00 PM Industrial heating using energy efficient induction technology..................................................21
Kenneth Frogner, Mats Andersson, Tord Cedell, Leif Svensson, Peter Jeppsson, Jan-Eric Stahl
2:30 PM Combination of Speed Stroke Grinding and High Speed Grinding with Regard
to Sustainability...............................................................................................................................21
Barbara Sabine Linke, Michael Duscha, Fritz Klocke, David Dornfeld
3:00 PM A pre-stress die design method for cold backward extrusion by FE analysis...........................22
Chin Tarn Kwan, Chun Chin Wang
4:00 PM The Effects of Cold and Cryogenic Treatments on the Machinability of
Beryllium-Copper Alloy in Electro Discharge Machining..........................................................22
Yakub Yildiz, Murali Meenakshi Sundaram, Kamlakar Rajurkar, Muammer Nalbant
4:30 PM Manufacturing Analysis of Hybrid Energy Manufacturing Processes and Application to the Copper Chemical Mechanical Planarization/Polishing Process.................22
Chao-Chang Chen, Chi-Hsiang Hsieh
Optimization of Manufacturing Systems - II
Thursday, June 2, 2011: 8:30 AM-12:00 PM
8:30 AM System Properties of Multi-product Systems with Setup Times and Finite Buffers.................22
Wei Feng, Li Zheng, Na Li
viii
9:00 AM An ASP Approach to Adaptive Setup Planning and Merging for Available Machines.............23
Lihui Wang
9:30 AM Impact of Product Variety on Performance of Multi-product Batch
Production Systems.........................................................................................................................23
Divya Seethapathy, Ananth Krishnamurthy
10:30 AM A Mathematical Optimization Model to Generate Post-series Production Strategies.............23
Yvonne Finke, Jochen Deuse
11:00 AM Effect of Quality of Advance Demand Information in Kanban Controlled
Manufacturing Systems..................................................................................................................23
Deng Ge, Ananth Krishnamurthy
11:30 AM Operation-Dependent Maintenance Scheduling in Flexible Manufacturing Systems..............24
Merve Celen, Dragan Djurdjanovic
Design of Manufacturing Systems - II
Thursday, June 2, 2011: 2:00 PM-5:30 PM
2:00 PM Flexible Connection of Product and Manufacturing Worlds: Concept, Approach
and Implementation........................................................................................................................24
Carmen Constantinescu, Andreas Kluth
2:30 PM Complexity Mitigation in Mixed-model Assembly Systems Using Product
Variant Differentiation...................................................................................................................24
He Wang, Hui Wang, Jack Hu
3:00 PM A Framework Supporting Concurrent ‘Product Family and Manufacturing
System’ Synthesis Decision Making...............................................................................................24
Emmanuel Francalanza, Jonathan Borg, Carmen Constantinescu
4:00 PM Products’ Features Dependency Inference using Bayesian Networks for New
Product Design................................................................................................................................25
Mohmmad Hanafy, Hoda A. ElMaraghy
4:30 PM Product cost estimation during design phase...............................................................................25
Dimitris Mourtzis, Konstantinos Efthymiou, Nikolaos Papakostas
5:00 PM A comprehensive survey on vehicle crash and road safety devices manufacturing..................25
Witold Pawlus, Hamid Reza Karimi, Kjell Robbersmyr
Nanomanufacturing & Nanoproduction
Thursday, June 2, 2011: 2:00 PM-5:30 PM
2:00 PM Integrated Nanomanufacturing and Nanoinformatics................................................................25
Qiang Huang
2:30 PM Polymer Nanomanufacturing of Micro/Nanofluidic Chips for Drug/Gene
Delivery Applications......................................................................................................................26
Lei Li, Yun Wu, Xi Zhao, Keliang Gao, Pouyan Boukany, Allen Y. Yi, L. James Lee
3:00 PM PARALLEL High-Speed PLASMONIC Nano-lithography........................................................26
Cheng Sun
4:00 PM A Novel Mechanical Nanomanufacturing Technique: Nanomilling...........................................26
Bulent Arda Gozen, Burak Ozdoganlar
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4:30 PM Towards Real-time Detection of Incipient Surface Variations in Ultra-Precision Machining Process..........................................................................................................................26
Satish Bukkapatnam, Prahalad Rao, Omer Beyca, James Kong, Ranga Komanduri
5:00 PM A Comparative Study on Clustering Indices for Distribution of Nanoparticles in
Metal Matrix Nanocomposites.......................................................................................................27
Qiang Zhou, Li Zeng, Michael De Cicco, Xiaochun Li, Shiyu Zhou
Conference Banquet
Thursday, June 2, 2011: 6:30 PM-9:00 PM
Maintenance Logistics
Friday, June 3, 2011: 8:30 AM-12:30 PM
8:30 AM Integrated planning and control of maintenance and production..............................................27
Berend Denkena, Stefan Kroening, Peter Bluemel
9:00 AM Maintenance as an integrated optimization criterion in development life cycles.....................27
Leo A.M. Van Dongen, Eric Lutters, Fred J.A.M. Van Houten
9:30 AM Knowledge Platform as a New Tool for Maintenance..................................................................27
Sebastian Wenzel, Gerhard Bandow
10:30 AM Modeling and Analysis of Maintenance Costs..............................................................................28
Carin Andersson, Mathias Jonsson, Jan-Eric Stahl
11:00 AM Process Model for a Utilization-Based Maintenance of Logistics Systems................................28
Sebastian Wenzel, Gerhard Bandow, Ka-Yu Man
11:30 AM Simulation of the Maintenance Process in an Aircraft Engine Maintenance Company..........28
Christoph Remenyi, Stephan Staudacher, Nicole Holzheimer, Stephan Schulz
12:00 PM State of the Art of Simulation Applications in Maintenance Systems........................................28
Abdullah Alabdulkarim, Peter D. Ball, Ashutosh Tiwari
Dynamics of Manufacturing Systems - II
Friday, June 3, 2011: 8:30 AM-12:00 PM
8:30 AM Exploring the Dynamics of Volume Flexibility.............................................................................29
Amir Arafa, Waguih ElMaraghy
9:00 AM Mastering Volatile Demands in Car Manufacturing...................................................................29
Lars Weyand, Helmut Bley
9:30 AM Analyzing and Improving the Schedule Reliability of Industrial Companies...........................29
Hermann Loedding, Arif Kuyumcu
10:30 AM Dynamics of Autonomously-Acting Parts and Work Systems in Production
and Assembly...................................................................................................................................29
Oliver Jeken, Neil Duffie, Katja Windt, Henning Rekersbrink
11:00 AM Combined Periodical and Reactive Control in Multi-item Production-inventory System.....30
Henri Tokola, Esko Niemi
11:30 AM Bio-inspired capacity control for production networks with autonomous work systems........30
Bernd Scholz-Reiter, Hamid Reza Karimi, Neil Duffie, Thomas Jagalski
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Knowledge Management
Friday, June 3, 2011: 8:30 AM-12:00 PM
8:30 AM Organizational capability management for improving performance of global
production networks.......................................................................................................................30
Alain Bernard, Philippe Rauffet, Catherine Da Cunha
9:00 AM Managing a Company´s Know-how-Strategy in Global Production Networks
by a Strategic Portfolio...................................................................................................................30
Philipp Kuske, Eberhard Abele
9:30 AM A Knowledge Management Approach for the Integration of Manufacturing and
Logistics in Global Production Networks.....................................................................................31
Enzo Morosini Frazzon, Sergio Adriano Loureiro, Orlando Fontes Lima Jr., Bernd Scholz-Reiter
10:30 AM Configuration of Factories and Technical Processes: Which Role Plays
Knowledge Modelling?...................................................................................................................31
Martin Landherr, Carmen Constantinescu
11:00 AM Employee Orientation as Basic Requirement for the Sustainable Success of
Lean Production Systems...............................................................................................................31
Sven Schulze, Uwe Dombrowski, Tim Mielke
11:30 AM Adaptive information technology in manufacturing...................................................................31
Olaf Sauer, Juergen Jasperneite
12:00 PM Guidelines for Human-based Implementation of Lean Production...........................................32
Yilmaz Uygun, Stephan Ulrich Wagner
Manufacturing Processes - II
Friday, June 3, 2011: 8:30 AM-12:00 PM
8:30 AM Analysis and Improvement of the Wear Behaviour of Contaminated Ball Screws..................32
Tuerker Yagmur, Christian Brecher
9:00 AM Machining of Ti-6Al-4V Super alloy with Using High Pressure Jet Assisted Cooling..............32
Oguz Colak, Ahmet Cini, Lokman Yunlu, Cahit Kurbanoglu
9:30 AM Study of Minimum Quantity Cooling (MQC) on the tool temperature in
milling operations............................................................................................................................32
Christophe Diakodimitris, Patrick Hendrick, Youssef Ragy Iskandar
10:30 AM Micro Process Planning for an Actual Machine Tool with Updatable Machining Database...33
Shinji Igari, Fumiki Tanaka, Masahiko Onosato
11:00 AM A CAM-integrated Virtual Manufacturing System for Complex Milling Processes................33
Wolfram Lohse
11:30 AM Pre-tensioning fixture development for machining of thin-walled components........................33
Jiayuan He, Yan Wang, Nabil Gindy
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Classification of interdependent planning restrictions and their various impacts on
long-, mid- and short term planning of high variety production
1
2
3
1
S. Auer , L. März , H. Tutsch , W. Sihn ,
1
Fraunhofer Austria Research GmbH, Division Production and Logistics Management, Vienna, Austria
2
LOM Innovation GmbH & Co KG, Lindau (Lake Constance), Germany
3
flexis AG, Stuttgart, Germany
Abstract
Long- and mid-term sales and operations planning and mid- to short-term production planning for vehicle
production are done mainly with cascading planning processes. The problem of cascading planning is that
the different planning processes are often badly aligned and lack of backward feedback; e.g. long-term plans
do not reflect important restrictions of subsequent levels caused by available resources or supplier
capacities. To avoid extensive costly troubleshooting and in order to ensure a feasible production program
this paper will classify planning restrictions and their originators. Further it will define connections between
single planning tasks and the conversion of restrictions from one planning horizon to another.
Keywords
Planning, Sequencing, Restriction
1 INTRODUCTION
Recent industry and research projects in the automotive
and other industrial sectors show the use of various
systems for planning in sales, purchasing, supply chain
and production. These systems are often poorly
synchronized and in extreme cases incompatible,
frequently resulting in a “planning cacophony”. The
reasons for this are different requirements concerning
scope, functionalities, planning horizons, spheres of
influence and organisational structures that have evolved
over time.
None of the currently available planning systems (for
short-term planning with sequencing capabilities based
on the bill of materials) supports harmonised planning
throughout the different levels. Commonly, sales planning
is carried out by the sales department, whereas the
production planning process is done by the production or
logistics units. Responsibility for supply chain planning is
situated between sales and production planning, due to
the problem that the selection of and negotiations with
suppliers require forecasts of production output at a time,
when only sales plans on a high product hierarchy exist.
To identify the required volumes of parts and material,
detailed information about car configurations and
demands per part number are essential. The described
organisational separation seems understandable,
because the different departments are planning on
different levels of abstraction, i.e. sales is planning on the
level of car volumes and probabilities of attributes in
order to meet market requirements, production planning
is dealing with planning objects as real customer orders
with specific car configurations and their links to the bill of
material to optimally utilise capacities. This separation
and the lack of integrated systems cause friction along
the planning cascade. The tools used in such planning
processes allow the implementation of known restrictions
into the planning model. However, only serious
constraints are recognized. The detection of less
prominent impediments happens by chance or depends
on the experience of the planner. If, for example, sales
overstates the expected number of vehicles to be sold,
the internal or external capacities have to be adapted in
order to enable the production. Currently, such a change
has to be escalated manually over all subsequent
hierarchical planning levels, which is a protracted and
fault-prone process. The reason for this is the resulting
complexity and the fact, that most of the planning
solutions for the long- and medium-term are not able to
handle the data volume generated by the explosion of the
bill of material. The development of an integrated
planning tool that harmonises the different planning tasks
is subject of an ongoing research project called
HarmoPlan, where the authors are engaged in. Therefore
this paper will classify the originators of planning
constraints and will show an approach how to make the
constraints available for each planning task along the
planning cascade.
2
PLANNING PROCESS FOR SEQUENCED HIGH
VARIETY PRODUCTION
The industrial production can be described as a process
of transforming production factors to products. The
production factors distinguish factors for planning
purposes and fundamental factors. The part of interest
within the factors for planning purposes is the planning
that sets it apart to controlling and organisation. The
fundamental factors consist of consumables (material)
and potential factors (equipment, workforce).
production
factors
transformation
processes
dispositive
factors
fundamental
factors
derivative
factors
consumables
planning
material
products
potential
factors
equipment
Figure 1: Production factors [1]
workforce
The optimized time and function synchronization of
production factors to produce cost-effective finished
goods, is elementary important for the success of a
company. The production factors have to ensure the
fulfilment of the market requirements in an economic
way. The market requirements are the result of product
specifications, linked with information of amount of
products and time schedules (orders).
This subject encompasses synchronized production lines
where orders are planned in a sequence. Synchronized
flow production is a flow-oriented production system
where parts are being moved by means of a
transportation system (usually an assembly line) through
the production stations arranged in sequence, in which
the machining time is restricted by a cycle time [2]. The
project focuses on the planning of the final assembly in
vehicle and vehicle component plants where variant flow
production with low automation and high labor intensity
exists [3].
The planning cascade of a synchronized production line
is shown schematically in figure 2. It becomes evident,
that the production factors have to be taken into account
in different aggregation, depending on the planning
horizon, starting from rough estimations to the physical
transformation process (manufacturing, assembly).
An important task of planning is to fit the market
requirements with actually disposable production factors
– in long- and mid-term planning the restrictive capacities
for the production are fixed. The boundaries of the
production factors are expressed by context-related
restrictions. From the beginning, the charges and
restrictions have to be adjusted to avoid severe conflicts
like unsolvable bottlenecks or inefficient under-utilization
of the production factors.
The initial point of the planning cascade is the definition,
which brands the company want to produce. Normally,
the decisions are based on market analysis. The brand
strategy will lead to an annual and budget planning with
sales forecast as a result. This planning is a rolling
Fundamental factors
(material, equipment, workforce)
forecast and the planning period is up to seven to ten
years.
In the next step, the sales planning precises models by
main criteria like motorization, auto body, gear drive etc.
and allocates possible production sites to models and
production volumes. At this stage, the determination of a
production site is governed by the location-related costs
and local conditions for existing or planned production
sites and suppliers.
Sales prognosis, installation rates, and monthly
production and sales quantities serve as input for
production program planning. Restrictions which have to
be taken into account are minimum line load resulting
from the model mix problem (provision for the production
factor resources), the capacity of plants with regard to
annual working hours (workforce), technical solutions in
the line (equipment) and potential bottlenecks on the
supplier side (material).
Production program planning is usually continuous. The
allocation of orders to week or day periods or to shifts is
also called slotting. In this planning step the production
programme is split up into daily or weekly order pools. At
this point usually planned or real customer orders have
been placed. Sometimes, the orders within the daily or
weekly order pools are not fully specified dummy orders.
Their specification level includes only items as engine
type or number of axles for truck assemblies. If a real
order is based by a customer, an eligible dummy order is
replaced and hence will turn into a fully specified
customer order [4].
Continuous planning can be added to slotting until the
sequence is fixed, which balances the orders based on
capacity and material criteria. Individual orders can
thereby be moved to a period different from the initial
planned production period by taking into account other
detailed restrictions. This shifting, which results from an
adjustment, is also called balancing. Fixing the order
sequence assigns a decided production cycle to each
order from the order pool [5].
Planning purposes
factors
Annual planning
Budget planning
Market / Product
Brand
strategy
Brands
Sales
forecast
Sites
Suppliers
Location-related costs
Local conditions
Sales planning
Sales
projection
Models
Sales plan
Factories
Staff capacities
Quantity quotas
Labour cost
Line capacity
Restrictions
Production plan
generation
Model mix
Options
Order pools
Line
Line staff
Restrictions
Sequencing
Model mix
Specifications
Sequence
Staff
Resources
Parts list
Availibility
Process
Figure 2: Planning tasks and interrelationship with fundamental factors, product and market
3
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING RESTRICTIONS
As mentioned above, the main goal of production
planning for sequenced assembly lines is the matching of
the required capacities out of the production programme
with the existing fundamental factors of production
(workforce, equipment and material). Depending on the
planning horizon these requirements are subject to
uncertainty. In early planning steps (sales planning) only
planned quantities and no real customer orders are
existing. These quantities are based on sales volumes of
the last and forecasts for the next periods and are
specified by main items (engine, body design, etc.). In
the short term planning horizon the sequencing requires
fully specified orders. These orders have a delivery date
and a dedicated customer (build-to-order) or a dealer or
market allocation (build-to-stock).
In order to achieve valid and consistent planning results
in each step of the planning cascade information of
existing capacity limits and required capacities for each
period are necessary. These basic planning data can be
defined as planning constraints. Such restrictions
constrict the solution space by prohibiting certain events
(combinations of factual and temporal reference) or
sequences of events. Dangelmaier differentiates between
inherent constraints or restrictions and task related
constraints [6]. Inherent constraints are balancing
equations or conditions and are valid for the complete
production system. Task related constraints represent
technological,
organizational
and
economic
characteristics of the production system. This paper
focuses on task related planning constraints that are
relevant in all planning steps of sequenced assembly
lines. Hence the originators of planning constraints are
classified within five groups: Equipment, Workforce,
Material, Product and Market. These five groups build the
branches of the Ishikawa-diagram in Figure 3.
The upper three branches represent the fundamental
factors that describe the production system. They are
essential to achieve the required output:
 Equipment
 Workforce
 Inventory
The output of the production system is characterized by
the branch Product. It defines which brands, models and
types are available for the customer and how those can
be configured.
The last branch of the diagram – the Market branch –
represents all customers and their requirements as well
as the outbound logistics which became more important
as minimization of transport is in focus [7].
For a better understanding an example of a constraint for
each branch is cited.
Equipment: The manipulator that is used to mount the
front windshield of the vehicle has a constant cycle time
of 90 seconds. This means that the overall cycle time of
the assembly line is limited to a minimum of 90 seconds.
The according constraint defines the number of vehicles
that can be assembled per shift, day, week or month by
multiplying the cycle time with the available working
hours.
Workforce: A station to mount the electric sunroof is
normally staffed with three persons to surmount a
common production program. In spring and summer,
when the quotation of sunroofs arises, it might be a
necessity to enlarge the restriction based on the three
workers and to encourage an additional worker.
Inventory: The supplier of a component has a maximum
capacity of 500 parts per week. If every vehicle that
requires the parts consumes one of these parts the
maximum number of consuming cars is also limited to
500 per week.
Product: Constraints on the product level mainly depend
on the product structure and the interdependencies of
possible options the customer can order. An example is
the truck manufacturing where the speed of the assembly
line in combination with the truck length results in a cycle
time. Here the number of three and four axle trucks in an
order pool limits the number of trucks that can be
produced.
Market: A market survey in Great Britain resulted in an
increased sales forecast for right hand drive vehicles in
the next period with 600 vehicles per month. This setting
as a strategic decision limits the number of left hand
driven vehicles directly.
All described constraints can be defined as absolute or
relative Constraints [6]:
 Absolute constraints are quantity or time constraints.
A quantity constraint has a variable quantity and fixed
time period (e.g.: The weekly capacity is 1200 parts.).
On the other hand time constraints have fixed
quantities and a variable time period (e.g.: A product
carrier has a capacity of ten components and it is just
shipped when the carrier is full).
 A relative constraint is always characterized by a
combination of at least two events. Such constraints
are for instance sequence or distance constraints. A
sequence constraint for example prohibits that a white
car body is followed by a black body in the paint shop.
The distance constraint can define that there are
three cycles required until the same option is allowed
to be assembled again.
Relative constraints are mainly relevant in the short-term
planning process (sequencing). In long- and mid-term
planning the relative constraints have to be translated to
quantity or time constraints.
It is possible that the limit of a constraint is flexible. Such
constraints are also called soft constraints. Other
restrictions that are often caused by technological
limitations cannot be exceeded and must be seen as
hard constraints and cannot be violated. An example for
a soft restriction is a weekly delivery lot size of a supplier
that can be exceeded under special conditions.
For the execution of the different planning tasks it is
important to note that soft restrictions can turn into hard
restrictions and that the limit is not necessarily constant
along all planning steps in the planning process. This fact
is described by the following example for a long lead time
component. For this item a weekly quantity needs to be
ordered six weeks in advance because of the long
shipping distance. The frame work contract with the
supplier allows a purchase quantity between 800 and
1200 parts. So the limit for all planning steps earlier than
the order date is 1200 parts per week. Due to existing
and planned orders of the target week 960 parts are
ordered. This results in a reduced limit of 960 parts for
the quantity constraint. This limit is just valid for the
according delivery week.
Equipment
Workforce
Staff Level
Cycle Times
Inventory
Frame Contracts
Work Area
Quantities
Inbound Logistics
Qualifications
Availability
Max. Quantities
Working Hours
Layout
Planning
Constraints
Product Structure
Sales Forecasts
Model Mix
Outbound Logistics
Options
Option Interdependencies
Customer Requirements
Product
Market
Figure 3: Originators of planning constraints
Product structure
The generic planning model for the automotive industry
described above was derived matching current
theoretical thinking with practices of the European
automotive industry (OEMs of passenger cars and
trucks). In this model, the different planning tasks are
allocated to different planning levels (e.g. strategic,
tactical and operational) and horizons (e.g. short-term,
mid-term, long-term). The different planning tasks have to
deal with various planning objects such as numbers of
vehicles per type or model in sales planning. For a
shorter planning horizon the level of detail needs to be increased and therefore other planning objects are relevant
[4]. All these planning objects are mapped in the product
structure that is explained in the following figure.
Type
Model USA
Model Germany
Model GB
Body Design
Convertible
Body Design
Sedan
Body Design
Station Wagon
Engine
1.8 R4
Engine
3.0 V6
Engine
2.0 Diesel
Options:
Options:
Options:
Colour,
Radio/GPS
Headlight
Seats
...
Colour,
Radio/GPS
Headlight
Seats
...
Colour,
Radio/GPS
Headlight
Seats
...
Figure 4: Example for a product structure [8]
Using this product structure each possible car
configuration for the overall type of vehicle can be
defined. In order to determine the material requirements
at a time where no or not enough real customer orders
exist every branch in the product structure has a
dedicated percentage distribution. In combination with
the planned amount of vehicles for a defined period and
coding rules that describe the interdependencies of the
different options the material requirements can be
determined [9]. Here a coding rule example for the part
number “heavy battery” is described. The following
options that can be selected by the customer influence
the installation of a heavy battery:
 Option start-stop (O1)
 Option independent vehicle heater (O2)
 Option high-level audio and video system (O3)
A heavy battery is required if a start-stop system or (˅)
the combination of vehicle heater and (˄) high-level
entertainment system are ordered. Below you can see
the notation of the rule:
O1 ˅ (O2 ˄ O3)
(1)
For each part number in the bill of materials such a rule
based installation logic is existing. Another possibility for
a bill of material is a hierarchic BOM, where every single
product is documented singularly but completely.
After all expected material requirements are calculated
they need to be aligned with the existing capacities.
Therefore all the identified constraints need to be
mapped according to the described product structure. On
one hand a constraint can affect a single part number
and the combined rule. On the other hand it is possible
that a constraint needs to be associated to another level
of the product structure (e.g. body design level).
4 APPROACH
As mentioned before the goal of the research project is to
define and develop a planning system that supports
harmonized planning throughout the different levels. This
approach has to take into account the shifting
responsibilities and different levels of abstraction along
the planning cascade (e.g. sales is planning on the level
of car volumes in order to meet market requirements,
production planning is dealing with planning objects as
specific car configurations or bills of material to optimally
utilise production capacities). Another reason is the
resulting complexity of the planning problem for a tool
that covers all planning processes form long-, mid- to
short-term planning. Therefore the presented approach
should show a realizable solution to convert planning
constraints for consideration in each planning task.
As every single planning step is dealing with various
input data depending on the planning horizon the
planned quantities are presented as monthly, weekly and
daily volumes or order pools in long- and mid-term or as
order sequences in short-term planning. In order to align
the existing capacities with the customer requirements
and to identify bottlenecks as early as possible
constraints need to be available for each planning step
and in each required configuration. Therefore the
constraints caused by the earlier described originators
are stored within the so called constraint manager. The
manager collects the constraints and stores them in a
standardized format. It is important that the reason for
each constraint is traced within the database. When a
planning task has to be executed a filter posts just the
relevant planning constraints out of the constraint
manager. If a constraint cannot be fulfilled the planner
needs to identify the reason so that he can set possible
countermeasures to widen the bottleneck – or to solve
the problem by a re-planning considering the constraints.
The following figure shows the concept of the planning
workflow that will be covered within one planning tool.
The following two figures 6 and 7 show the product
structure of the vehicle types including their percentage
distributions.
A
60%
40%
A1
A2
50%
50%
50%
A1-1
A2-1
A2-2
˄
Figure 6: Example of product structure and percentual
distributions of vehicle type A
Constraint Manager
B
Equipment
Workforce
Product
Inventory
Market
80%
Program
Planning Filter
Sales Filter
20%
B1
B2
25%
80%
40%
B1-1
B1-2
Sequencing
Filter
Sales Planning
Program Planning
Planned Amount of vehicles and
Configurations splittet in order pools
Sequencing
Frozen
Zone
Vehicles, Config.,
Sequence
Required Fundamental Planning Factors
Forward information flow
Identification of reasons for violated constraints
Figure 5: Planning approach
The functionality of the approach will be described in the
following simple example:
Two different vehicle types (type A and B) are assembled
on the same assembly line. The monthly capacity (4
working weeks, 20 working days) of the assembly line is
1600 vehicles. This allows weekly order pools of 400
vehicles and a daily output of 80 vehicles. The example
demonstrates how one constraint that is related to one
single part number (Part01) is projected to different
planning horizons and tasks. Part01 has one dedicated
relative distance constraint with a technological reason in
the station where the part is assembled. This constraint
says that just every fourth vehicle is allowed to contain
Part01, e.g. an engine with intensive mounting time.
B2-1
˄
Figure 7: Example of product structure and percentual
distributions of vehicle type B
Each vehicle type has two different models and three
options that are relevant for the regarding part number. If
a coding rule is true one piece of Part01 needs to be
assembled.
The plan for one week out of the market forecast says
100 vehicles of type A and 300 vehicles of type B need to
be assembled. The following table shows the calculation
of required quantities for Part01 according to the
assigned percentage distributions:
Type
Model
A 100 pcs.
B 300 pcs.
Coding Rules for Part01
A1
60 pcs.
A1-1
60 x 0.5 = 30 pcs.
A2
40 pcs.
A2-1 ˄ A2-2
40 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 10 pcs.
B1 240 pcs. B1-1 ˄ B1-2
B2 60 pcs.
B2-1
240 x 0.25 x 0.8 = 48 pcs.
60 x 0.4 = 24 pcs.
Table 1: Determination of required parts
Making the assumption that B1-1 and B1-2 as well as A21 and A2-2 are independent, the total quantity of Part01
in the relevant week for all models (A1: 30, A2: 10, B1:
48, B2: 24) is 112. Under consideration of the underlying
dependency of these options, other demands may result.
If A2-1 is 50% and A2-2 is 50%, that (A2-1 ˄ A2-2) can
be between 0% (mutually exclusive options) and 50%
(interdependent options).
Now this calculated amount needs to be matched with
constraints regarding Part01. The relative distance
constraint cannot directly be applied to the sales planning
horizon and needs to be translated to a quantity
constraint. The reason is that the relative distance
constraint can just be used for planning the order
sequence what is the task of the sequencing step. In this
example sales planning is not dealing with order
sequences but with order pools on a weekly basis.
The translation of the relative distance constraint that
says every fourth vehicle is allowed to contain Part01 into
a daily quantity constraint means that out of the 80
possible vehicles per day just 20 can contain the part. If
there are five working days per week the maximum
weekly quantity is 100 parts.
The result of a comparison of planned (112 pcs.) and
actual data (max. 100 pcs.) shows a gap of 12 vehicles
that cannot be equipped with Part01. The planner has
now the possibility to identify the reason for the constraint
and try to set actions that solves the bottleneck. On the
other side the impact on the production program can be
detected. And maybe the distributors can be forced to
promote other options so that the bottleneck doesn’t
occur.
5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
To reach the goal of a harmonized planning process and
to annihilate the planning cascade from long- and midterm to short-term planning all relevant constraints have
to be available for each planning task in the required
dimension.
In order to collect all required factors that influence the
available and required capacity their originators can be
classified in five groups:
 Equipment
 Workforce
 Inventory
 Product
 Market
Planning restrictions out of each group can be defined as
absolute or relative constraints. In order to assure the
availability of constraints for each planning task they are
stored in an overall constraint manager in a standardized
format.
This article is an important fragment of the overall goal in
the research project on harmonized planning in
sequenced production lines. The realization of an
integrated planning tool can reveal following potentials in
the planning process:
 A harmonized planning process that eliminates
friction losses between the different departments 
 One common
redundancies
data
set
and
elimination
of
 Early detection of bottlenecks and a possibility of
referencing to the reason resulting in a reduction of
expensive troubleshooting
 Validation of the production program in each planning
horizon and task
 The constraints build on common language for
planning personnel out of different departments
Detection of the bottleneck-provoking objects in the
product structure to take adequate measures in a replanning
Currently the system specifications and the conceptual
design of the planning tool are in operation. For an
extensive testing phase and in order to secure the
viability of the planning approach an experimental setup
of the solution is envisaged. Therefore, contacts to
possible industrial partners have been established.
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[3] Boysen, N., Fliedner, M., Scholl, A., 2009,
Sequencing mixed-model assembly lines: Survey,
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[4] März, L., Tutsch, H., Auer, S., Sihn, W., 2010,
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Resource Allocation Planning of Sequenced
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Advanced Manufacturing and Sustainable Logistics,
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