Application 248 to add the species name Fourspine Rock Lobster for

Transcription

Application to amend the
Australian Fish Names
Standard
Application No
248
Scientific Name
Panulirus penicillatus
Proposed Standard Fish Name
Fourspine Rock Lobster
Current Standard Fish Name
BACKGROUND
This will be one of a number of applications to clean up the Rock Lobster species in the AFNS.
The species is currently only identified in the AFNS under the group name TROPICAL ROCK LOBSTER for
Panulirus spp except P. cygnus
If these applications are successful, the relevant entries in the AFNS would be:
CAAB Code
Standard Fish Name
Scientific Name
Authority
ROCK LOBSTERS – Palinuridae (all previously Rocklobster)
28 820001
Southern Rock Lobster
Jasus edwardsii
(Hutton, 1875)
28 820002
Eastern Rock Lobster
Sagmariasus verreauxi
H. Milne-Edwards, 1851
28 820005
Western Rock Lobster
Panulirus cygnus
George, 1962
28 820006
Ornate Rock Lobster *
Panulirus ornatus
Fabricius, 1798
28 820009
Scalloped Rock Lobster *
Panulirus homarus
Linnaeus, 1758
28 820011
Fourspined Rock Lobster *
Olivier, 1791
28 820013
Painted Rock Lobster *
Panulirus versicolor
Latreille, 1804
28 820901
TROPICAL ROCK LOBSTER
Panulirus spp except P.
cygnus
28 820902
CHAMPAGNE LOBSTER
Linuparus spp
Longleg Rock Lobster *
Panulirus longpipes
Mud Rock Lobster *
Panulirus polyphagus
Herbst 1793
NOTES - FNC PRE-ASSESSMENT
The FNC pre=assessment has recommended adopting these names.
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NOTES – FNC INITIAL EVALUATION
GENERAL FNC COMMENTS
SPECIFIC MATTERS ON WHICH THE FNC INVITES COMMENT
Please comment if you believe there are significant reasons why this application should not be supported.
Your comments need to identify the specific protocol/s that you believe the name contravenes and the
reasons why.
Comments in support of the proposal are also welcome.
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Application to Amend
the Australian Fish
Names Standard
Office Use Only:
FNC Pre Assessment:
FNC Initial Evaluation:
Date received:
Date: 4 April 2016
Date: 22 April 2016
Public Consultation:
FNC Final Evaluation:
Date:
Date:
Application No: 248
Outcome: Proceed to FNC
Outcome:
Proceed to Public
Consultation
Outcome:
Outcome:
Checklist
Key actions to prepare a standard fish name application
Check out the Fish Names Processes at
http://seafoodstandards.com.au/seafood-standards/Pages/default.aspx
Search the searchable Standard Fish Names Database at
http://www.fishnames.com.au/ which lists the current standard fish name, as
well as obsolete names for the species.
Test your proposed standard fish name against the protocols for selecting
names in Section 6
Determine whether samples of the species are required by contacting the Fish
Names Committee secretariat and if so arrange for samples or results of
taxonomic evaluation.
Consult key fish names stakeholders on your proposed Standard Fish Name and
gather letters /e-mails of support
Attach responses from key stakeholders relating to your proposal.
Include a summary of changes (if any) that you made in response to concerns
raised by key stakeholders.
Submit your application on the official fish names application form.
Download the Schedule of Fees payable for an application
Applicant
FNC Use
Proponents should:
 Review this checklist before completing the attached application form. It will help you to ensure that
sufficient information is provided with your application for it to be considered by the FNC.
 Attach documentation to help demonstrate that you have completed the actions required above. For
example, you should include copies of:
o Emails, letters or notes on samples are needed for taxonomic assessment
o emails, letters or notes demonstrating consultation with key stakeholders
o a summary of key stakeholder views on your draft application
o anything else that can help your application progress smoothly.
NOTE – Public Consultation is a critical part of the fish names process. This application and additional
information will be made available to the public.
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1. APPLICANT DETAILS
Name
Affiliation or company
Address
City
Phone number
Fax number
Email address
Alan Snow
Project Manager for Fish Names Committee
PO Box 421
Cannon Hill
State
Qld
0418 199 516
07 3123 6055
ask@askonsulting.com.au
Postcode
4170
2. SUBMITTING THE APPLICATION
Date submitted:
4 April 2016
Signature of applicant (not required if
submitted from the applicant’s email
address):
3. APPLICATION TYPE
Add a new standard fish name
Add a new name Fourspine Rock Lobster for the species
Amend an existing standard fish name
4. PROPOSED STANDARD FISH NAME (SFN)
Current standard fish name:
Proposed SFN
Additional preferences
Fourspine Rock Lobster
Twospine spiny lobster
5. SPECIES DETAILS
Scientific name (genus and species):
Species type (e.g., finfish, crustacean, mollusc,
jellyfish, sea cucumber, seaweed, sea urchin, sharks
& rays):
Australian species: specify the States and
Territories in which the species is harvested:
Imported species: specify the country/s of origin:
Crustacean
East coast and Northern waters off Australia
Categories:
Note: If the species falls into multiple categories, mark all relevant categories.
Commercial species:
Aquaculture species:

Exported species:
Recreational species: 
Imported species:
Other (specify):
Additional details (new species only)
If your application is to add a new standard fish name to the Australian Fish Names Standard, you:
 will need to provide colour photographs of the whole animal and product (e.g. fish fillet)
 may need to provide samples for positive identification
 will need to provide samples for taxonomic assessment if samples are not already held by CSIRO or a
relevant museum (see Fish Names Procedures)
The following information is required to assist with species identification.
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Specify habitat type/s for the
species
Specify harvesting method/s
for the species
Freshwater
Demersal shelf: under 200 meters
Estuarine
Demersal slope: over 200 meters

Coastal
Oceanic / pelagic
Other (Specify): Caught in the Antarctic/sub Antarctic zone
Trawl
Pot or trap
Non-trawl net
Line (e.g. longline, dropline),
(e.g. seine, gillnet)
Aquaculture
Recreational fishing
Other (Specify): - Quota species
6. PROTOCOLS FOR SELECTING STANDARD FISH NAMES
The Fish Names Committee will assess whether your proposed standard fish name complies with the
protocols for selecting standard fish names.
Comment briefly below on whether you believe your proposed standard name complies with the protocols
below.
Protocol
Applicant
Comment
6.4.1: Compliance with international obligations requires that a
standard fish name
 accords products originating from other members of the
WTO, no less favourable treatment than products of
Australian origin.
Name is
internationally
recognised as
Fourspine Rock
Lobster or
Pronghorn spiny
lobster
No as above

does not create unnecessary obstacles to international
trade.
6.4.2: Compliance with Federal and State laws requires that a
standard fish name:

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
maintains or enhances the protection of public health and
safety
provides adequate information to enable consumers to
make informed choices
Describes the
species
A recognisable
name

helps to prevent misleading or deceptive conduct

does not result in anti-competitive practices
Species is
currently not
listed so prevents
misleading
naming
It does not

does not facilitate unconscionable conduct
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Species is
currently not
listed so prevents
misleading
naming
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Protocol

is consistent with applicable industry codes of conduct

protects consumers against unfair practices.
6.4.3
Preferred names Preference will be given to:
a name that has over-riding historical significance

a name that is internationally accepted

a regional name where the species is most commonly
encountered/caught

a name commonly used in Australia

a name that has strong stakeholder support

a name used in recent mainstream field guides

a name that most effectively distinguishes a species from its
closest relatives

a name that generally conforms to other members of the
family or generic-level grouping

a name that facilitates market acceptability
6.4.5
FNC Use
Consistent with
international
nomenclature
Species is
currently not
listed so prevents
misleading
naming


6.4.4

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Applicant
Comment
Name is
internationally
recognised
Name is
internationally
recognised
Not applicable
Common name
used in Australia
and
internationally
To be tested
a name that is simple, unambiguous, and easily readable.
One name per species
Requires that each species may be assigned a single,
standard fish name, and no two species may have the same
approved standard name.
Group names : A group standard fish name:

may cover multiple species in a particular scientific family or
group of fish, and

may not be the same as a species’ standard fish name, and
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Commonly used
description for
the species
Is consistent
Yes, particularly if
the suffix Rock
Lobster is used
Well accepted in
the marketplace
Yes
Is consistent with
other species in
the family
Not applicable
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Protocol

6.4.6

6.4.7

6.4.8


6.4.9









Applicant
Comment
will follow internationally accepted names unless
alternatives are well entrenched in Australian mainstream
literature.
Subspecies and hybrids
Subspecies and hybrids will not generally be given a
standard fish name.
FNC Use
Not applicable
Structure of names
Requires standard fish names to simplicity in names and
structure (see protocols for full details).
Scientific names
If the scientific name of a species changes, the standard fish
name should remain unaffected unless there is a good
reason for change.
Generic or family scientific names may be used as standard
fish.
Consistent with
the protocols
Other grammatical rules and exceptions : Standard fish
names should adhere to the following:
Use capital letters at the start of each word except directly
following a hyphen
Abbreviated forms of words and combined words are
preferred
Words that end in 'ate': For adjectives a 'd' is not required
at the end of the word. For verbs a 'd' is required at the end
of the word.
Combine words that: precede band, banded, bar, barred or
blotched; or follow double, false or half; or precede line,
lined, speckled, spine, spotted, streak or streaked.
'Margin' (a noun) is used if the type or colour of the margin
is defined (e.g., 'Brownmargin Flathead')
'Margined' (an adjective) is used if it is stand-alone (e.g.,
'Margined Coralfish')
Multi is usually combined (e.g., 'Multispot Lanternfish')
'Shorthead' is one word (e.g., 'Shorthead Lamprey')
'Spangled' not 'spangle' (e.g., 'Spangled Emperor')
Candidate name
is consistent with
these protocols
Will not affect
this name
7. JUSTIFICATION AND CONSULTATION (Applicant to Complete)
Justification: Summarise why the proposed standard fish names is needed and its benefits.
It is preferable to identify the species by its species name. Currently the species can only be identified
by the group name, Tropical Rock Lobster
This will be one of a number of subsequent applications to clean up the Rock Lobster species as
identified in Section 8.
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Application Applicant
Existing SFN
No
246
Alan Snow on
Ornate Rock
behalf of the FNC Lobster
247
Alan Snow on
Scalloped Rock
248
Alan Snow on
Fourspine Rock
249
Alan Snow on
Painted Rock
250
Alan Snow on
Longleg Rock
251
Alan Snow on
Mud Rock
Scientific Name
Scope of
Application
Panulirus ornatus Add a new name
Ornate Rock
Lobster
Panulirus
Add a new name
homarus
Scalloped Rock
Lobster
Panulirus
Add a new name
penicillatus
Fourspine Rock
Lobster
Panulirus
Add a new name
versicolor
Painted Rock
Lobster
Panulirus
Add a new name
longipes
Longlegged Rock
Lobster
Panulirus
Add a new name
polyphagus
Mud Rock
Lobster
Consultation: Summarize the responses of key stakeholders (Attach copies of written responses).
Impact of Consultation: Summarise any key changes made as a consequence of consultation.
8. PROPOSED AFNS ENTRY (FNC Secretary will complete)
CAAB Code
Standard Fish Name
Scientific Name
Authority
ROCK LOBSTERS – Palinuridae (all previously Rocklobster)
28 820001
Southern Rock Lobster
Jasus edwardsii
(Hutton, 1875)
28 820002
Eastern Rock Lobster
Sagmariasus verreauxi
28 820005
Western Rock Lobster
Panulirus cygnus
George, 1962
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CAAB Code
28 820006
Standard Fish Name
Ornate Rock Lobster *
Scientific Name
Panulirus ornatus
Authority
Fabricius, 1798
28 820009
Scalloped Rock Lobster *
Panulirus homarus
Linnaeus, 1758
28 820011
Fourspined Rock Lobster *
Panulirus
penicillatus
Olivier, 1791
28 820013
Painted Rock Lobster *
Panulirus versicolor
Latreille, 1804
28 820901
TROPICAL ROCK LOBSTER
Panulirus spp except P.
cygnus
28 820902
CHAMPAGNE LOBSTER
Linuparus spp
Longlegged Rock Lobster *
Panulirus longpipes
Mud Rock Lobster *
Panulirus polyphagus
Herbst 1793
* New application
9. RELATED DOCUMENTS AND PROCEDURES
Download related documents and procedures at http://seafoodstandards.com.au/fish-
names/Pages/default.aspx
10. SUPPORTING INFORMATION (
CAAB Database
Marine Species
Identification Portal
FAO
World Register of
Marine Species
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http://www.marine.csiro.au/caabsearch/caab_search.caab_report?spcode=2
8820011
http://speciesidentification.org/species.php?species_group=lobsters&id=161
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/t0411e/T0411E24.pdf
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=210358
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CAAB Taxon Report
Taxon Report
CAAB Taxon Code: 28 820011 Scientific Name and Authority: Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)
CAAB category: 28 Crustacea Malacostraca Malacostracans: isopods, amphipods,
euphausiids and decapods (prawns, lobsters, crabs, etc.) Family: 28 820 Palinuridae (spiny lobsters) show full list
Common Name: fourspined rock lobster Suggested Indexable Form: rock lobster, fourspined Common Names List: twospined rock lobster; fourspine rock lobster; tropical rocklobster Standard (Commercial) Name(s): Fourspine Rock Lobster FAO Name: pronghorn spiny lobster
Organism Type: a spiny lobster
Other names used in Australia:
Taxon Notes: Scientific Name Notes: Common/Standard Name Notes:
Parent Codes (if any): 28 820905 .. Panulirus spp. Child Codes (if any): Previous Codes (if any): Present stored country/region list: Australia, South Pacific, Tropical IndoWest Pacific,
Indian Ocean
Taxon status (on CAAB list): Taxon on current Australian list: Yes Taxon on commercial species list: No Taxon on Standard Fish Names List: No
Online resources for this taxon:
Australian Faunal Directory This CAAB category maintained by Karen GowlettHolmes, email Karen.GowlettHolmes@csiro.au
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Marine Species Identification Portal : Pronghorn spiny lobster Panulirus penicillatus
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Pronghorn spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus)
(Olivier, 1791)
Diagnosis:
Antennular plate with 4 strong spines, which are fused at their bases,
forming a single bunch of 4 diverging points; anterior pair shorter than
posterior pair. Exopod of third maxilliped present, with flagellum. Transverse groove of abdominal somites with straight margins, not
crenulated, usually uninterrupted.
Colour: body greenish or reddish, ranging from yellowish green through
brown green to blueblack or dark reddish brown; speckled on carapace
and abdomen with tiny whitish spots. No transverse colour bands on
abdomen, but two rather large whitish spots on first somite. Antennulae
not banded. Legs with wider or narrower longitudinal yellowish lines or
streaks on a dark (greenish or reddish) background.
Type:
Type locality of A. penicillatus (and P. gigas, which is a replacement name
for A. penicillatus): unknown ("Elle se trouve.....") Type material in
Lamarck collection, in MP? In the Paris Museum there are 7 specimens of
this species labelled "Mer des Indes", or without locality indication. One or
more of these may belong to the type lot, but this cannot be made
certain.
Type locality of P. ehrenbergi: "Coseir" (= Quseir, Red Sea coast of
Egypt). Type in NMW.
Type locality of Cancer theresae: "At Tautira, in the barrier reef", Tahiti;
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WoRMS World Register of Marine Species Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)
WoRMS taxon details
Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791) AphiaID: 210358 Classification: Biota > Animalia (Kingdom) > Distribution
Crustacea (Subphylum) > Specimens
Eumalacostraca (Subclass) > Match taxa
Arthropoda (Phylum) > Multicrustacea (Superclass) > Pleocyemata (Suborder) > Eucarida (Superorder) > Achelata (Infraorder) > Malacostraca (Class) > Decapoda (Order) > Palinuridae (Family) > Panulirus (Genus) >
Panulirus penicillatus (Species)
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Rank Species
Parent Orig. name Astacus penicillatus Olivier, 1791
Synonymised
names Sources
Log in
Astacus penicillatus Olivier, 1791 (basionym)
Palinurus penicillatus Olivier
basis of record Fischer, W. & G. Bianchi (Eds.) (1984). FAO
Species identification sheets For Fisheries Purposes: Western
Indian Ocean. FAO, Rome. [details]
[show all]
Add provider
@WRMarineSpecies
Panulirus White, 1847
Vernacular
Names
Language Name
English
[details]
Fijian
French
variegated crayfish tufted spiny
lobster spiny lobster Socorro spiny
lobster red lobster pronghorn spiny
lobster golden rock lobster double
spined rock lobster coral cray
urauvatuvatu
uraukuta
vraie tangouste verte langouste
fourchette grosses têtes
[details]
[details]
Hawaiian
uta
ula hiwa
[details]
Indonesian
udang barong
[details]
Japanese
shima iseebi
[details]
Malay
(individual
language)
udang karang
[details]
Portuguese
langosta cornuda
[details]
Spanish
langosta roja langosta horquilla
langosta de Isla socorro
[details]
Tagalog
banagan
[details]
Tahitian
ouramiti
[details]
Thai
kung mangkon
Tuamotuan
komanga
[details]
Vietnamese
tôm hum
[details]
kung king kong
[details]
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04/04/2016
Environment marine
Distribution
FR OM R E GIONA L OR THE MA TIC S PE CIE S DA TA BA S E
Mozambique
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
South Africa
Zululand [details]
(no group)
East Africa [details]
IndoPacific [details]
South East Africa [details]
FR OM OTHE R S OUR CE S
Eritrea
Eritrea [details]
Indian Ocean
Reunion [details]
Réunion Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Japan
Japan [details]
Kenya
Kenya [details]
Mtwapa [details]
Ungama Bay [details]
Madagascar
Madagascar [details]
Mexico
Mexico [details]
Mozambique
Mozambique [details]
Mozambique Channel
Mayotte Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
North Pacific Ocean
Clipperton Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Red Sea
Red Sea [details]
Republic of Mauritius
Mauritius [details]
Samoa
Samoa [details]
Seychelles
Seychelles [details]
South Pacific Ocean
French Polynesian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
IndoWest Pacific [details]
Wallis and Futuna Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Tanzania
Tanzania [details]
(no group)
East Pacific [details]
FAO fishing area 51 [details]
Hawaii [details]
New Caledonian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Tuamotu Islands [details]
West American coast [details]
Links
To Barcode of Life (7 barcodes) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (62 publications) To Encyclopedia of Life To GenBank (630 nucleotides; 119 proteins) 2/3
04/04/2016
To IUCN Red List To Marine Species Identification Portal To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Decapod Collection To ITIS
Images [show unreviewed]
LSID urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:210358
Taxonomic
Edit history Date
action by
19970607 07:51:36Z created
Vanden Berghe, Edward
20090223 14:08:32Z changed Chan, TinYam
[Taxonomic tree] [Occurrence map] [Google] [Google scholar] [Google
images]
Citation: Chan, T. (2015). Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791). Accessed
through: World Register of Marine Species at
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=210358 on 2016
0404
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 License
Website and databases developed and hosted by VLIZ · Page generated 20160404 · contact: info@marinespecies.org
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151
Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)
Fig. 285
PALIN Panul 9
Astacus
Olivier,
1791,
penicillatus
Encyclopedie méthodique. Histoire naturelle,
Insectes, 6:343.
Synonyms: Palinurus gigas Lamarck, 1801;
Palinurus penicillatus - Olivier, 1811;
Palinurus ehrenbergi Helter, 1861; Palinurus
(Panulirus) ehrenbergi - Heller, 1865;
Palinurus (Senex) penicillatus - Pfeffer, 1881;
Cancer theresae Curtiss, 1938.
FAO Names : En - Pronghorn spiny lobster;
Fr - Langouste fourchette; Sp - Langosta
horquilla.
antennular plate
Type : Type locality of A. penicillatus (and P.
gigas, which is a replacement name for A.
penicillatus): unknown (“Elle se trouve . . . ..").
Type material in Lamarck collection, in MP?
In the Paris Museum there are 7 specimens of
this species labelled “Mer des Indes”, or
without locality indication. One or more of
these may belong to the type lot, but this
cannot be made certain.
Type locality of P. ehrenbergi: “Coseir” ( =
Quseir, Red Sea coast of Egypt). Type in
NMW.
Fig. 285
Type locality of Cancer theresae:
“At Tautira, in the barrier reef”,
Tahiti; whereabouts of type
material unknown.
Geographical Distribution : IndoWest Pacific and Eastern Pacific
regions: Red Sea, E. and S.E. Africa
to Japan, Hawaii, Samoa and the
Tuamotu Archipelago and further
east to the islands off the west
coast of America (Clipper-ton Island,
Revillagigedo Archipelago, Cocos
Island, Galapagos Archipelago) and
in some localities near the continental coast of Mexico (Sinaloa,
Nayarit and Guerrero) (Fig. 286).
Fig. 286
152
Habitat and Biology : Depth range from 1 to 4 m, rocky substrates. In clear water, not influenced by rivers, often in
surf zone and in surge channels. Therefore often near arid coasts and on small islands. The species is not gregarious
and is nocturnal, hiding in the daytime in crevices in the rocks and coral reefs.
Size : Maximum total body length about 40 cm, average adult length about 30 cm. Males usually much larger than
females.
Interest to Fisheries : The species is fished wherever it occurs. Mostly taken by hand or with spears during diving in
daytime, or with torch light near the surface at night. Traps do not seem not to be very effective, but are used in
places; trammel nets seem to give better results. On the west coast of Thailand the species is sold in local markets or
directly to restaurants. In the Galapagos the average catch is 50 to 100 lobsters per day. They are sold fresh for local
consumption or as frozen lobster tails.
Local Names : AUSTRALIA: Coral cray, Double spined rock lobster; FIJI: Golden rock lobster, Uraukuta,
Urauvatuvatu; GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Langosta roja, Red lobster; HAWAII: Tufted spiny lobster, Uta; INDONESIA:
Udang barong; JAPAN: Shima ise-ebi; MALAYSIA: Udang karang; MEXICO: Langosta de lsla Socorro;
MOZAMBIQUE: Lagosta cornuda; NEW CALEDONIA: Grosses têtes (name used for large males), Vraie tangouste verte;
PALAU: Raiklius; PHILIPPINES: Banagan, Spiny lobster, Tufted spiny lobster; SOUTH AFRICA: Variegated crayfish;
TAHITI: Oura-miti; THAILAND: Kung king kong (for large specimens, Phuket), Kung mangkon; TUAMOTU ISLANDS:
Komanga; USA: Socorro spiny lobster; VIETNAM: Tôm hum.
Literature : Fischer & Bianchi (eds), 1984:vot. 5; Williams, 1986:18, figs 40,78 m-n.
Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793)
Fig. 287
PALIN Panul 10
Cancer (Astacus) polyphagus Herbst, 1793,
Versuch einer Naturqeschichte der Krabben
und Krebse, 2:90, pl.32.
Synonyms: Palinurus fasciatus Fabricius,
1798; Palinurus polyphagus - Bosec 1802;
Panulirus orientalis Doflein, 1900.
FAO Names : En - Mud spiny lobster; Fr Langouste de vase; Sp - Langosta fanguera.
Type : Type locality of Cancer polyphagus:
“Das Vatertand ist Ostindien”. The dry
hototype or lectotype in ZMB, no. 1973, in
good condition.
antennular plate
Fig. 287
153
Type locality of P. fasciatus:“Habitat in Oceano lndico Dom. Daldorff”. I.K. Daldorff, a Danish officer at Tranquebar,
SE. India, collected there for Fabricius and also Herbst obtained material from him. The type material of P. fasciatus
almost certainly came from the Tranquebar area, and there even is a possibility that Herbst’s material of C. polyphagus
was also obtained from Daldorff, so that the type localities of the two species would be very close, but this is only a
guess. Three syntypes of P. fasciatus are in UZM, preserved in alcohol, condition reasonable.
The statement of the type locality of P. orientalis is: “Japan. Salmin”.Balss (1914:76), who examined Doflein’s type
specimen and synonymized P. orientalis with the present species, remarked that the locality indication “Japan” is
doubtful “da auf Salmins Fundorte in unserer Sammlung kein Verlass ist” and as the species was not known from Japan.
C-L. Salmin was a dealer in natural history objects in Hamburg in the second half of the last century (the Lei den Museum
had dealings with him between 1863 and 1875) and evidently, like several of such dealers at that time was not very
accurate with labelling his material. The true type locality of P. orientalis thus is unknown; the holotype was in ZSM,
now probably lost (not located in 1989).
Geographical Distribution : Indo-West Pacific region,
from the coasts of Pakistan and India to Vietnam, the
Philippines, Indonesia, N.W. Australia and the Gulf of
Papua (Fig. 288).
Habitat and Biology : The species is found on muddy
substrates and sometimes on rocky bottoms. Often found
near river mouths, in turbid water. Depth range from 3 to
90 m, but usually far less than 40 m.
Size : Maximum total body length: about 40 cm, common
from 20 to 25 cm.
Interest to Fisheries : In the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of
Thailand, the species is quite important commercially. In
India, the main fishing season extends from November to
March. The animals are caught by trawling, but also with
set nets, seines, etc.;they rarely enter traps. Sold fresh
and frozen in local markets and also transported to the
larger towns. Served regularly in restaurants in Thailand,
and else-where. In Thailand, mounted dry specimens,
usually in fancy glass cases, are sold as curios to tourists.
Fig. 288
Local Names : BURMA: Kyauk-pazun; INDONESIA: Udang barong;PAKISTAN: Kikat (Sindhi), Kikka (Baluchi);
PHILIPPINES: Banag, Banagan; THAILAND: Kung mangkon; VIETNAM: Tom hum.
Literature : Fischer & Bianchi (eds), 1984: vol. 5.
Remarks: As the specific name fasciatus formerly has often been used not for this species but for P. versicolor, old
records of P. fasciatus have to be treated with much reserve.
Panulirus regius De Brito Capello, 1864
Fig. 289
PALIN Panul 5
Panulirus regius De Brito Capello, 1864, Memorias Academia real sciencias Lisboa (classe sciencias matematicas,
physicas e naturaes), (2)3:5, fig. 1.
Synonyms: Phyllosoma commune Leach, 1817; Palinurus rissonii Desmarest; 1825; Palinurus (Senex) longipes
Pfeffer, 1881 (non A. Milne Edwards, 1868); Palinustus phoberus De Rochebrune, 1883; Puer atlanticus Bouvier, 1905.
FAO Names : En - Royal spiny lobster; Fr - Langouste royale; Sp - Langosta real.
Type : Type locality of P. regius: “Habita os mares das ilhas de Cabo-Verde. Na ilha de S. Vicente d’este archipelago
foi encontrado . . . . . . o exemplar que nos serviu de typo” (= São Vicente, Cape Verde Archipelago). Holotype in MNL,
Lisbon, Portugal, lost in the fire of 1978.
154
Type locality of Phyllosoma
conmune: “Taken at Porto
Praya and during the voyage
until 2,58,0 S lat. 9,21,22 E long.”
(West Africa from Porto da Praia,
llha de São Tiago, Cape Verde
Islands, 14º54’N, 23º3l’W, and
from there to off Gabon 2º58’S,
9º21’22”E). Four syntypes in BM,
no. 170 (dry, condition fair).
Type locality of P. rissonii:
“Nice”, s. France. Whereabouts
of type material unknown.
front margin of carapace
Type locality of P. longipes Pfeffer: “Monrovia” (Liberia, 6º19’N
10º48’W) and “St. Thomé West-Afrika” (Ilha de São Thomé
0º12’N, 6º39’E). Syntypes in ZMH.
Type locality of Palinustus phoberus: “Embouchure de la Gambie
et de la Casamence “(= mouths of the Gambia River, Gambia,
and of the Casamence River, southern Senegal). Types in MP, no
longer extant.
Type locality of Puer atlanticus: ” dans le trémail, par 20 mètres
de profondeur, au voisinage de Sainte-Lucie, île du Cap Vert ” ( =
llha de Santa Luzia, Cape Verde Islands, 16º46’N 24º45’W);
holotype in MOM, no. 380624 (in alcohol).
Geographical Distribution : Eastern Atlantic region: west coast
of Africa between Cape Juby (Morocco) and Mocâmedes .(S.
Angola), and western Mediterranean (east coast of Spain, south
coast of France) (Fig. 290).
Habitat and Biology : The species inhabits shallow water from
the sublittoral to 40 m, but is mostly found between 5 and 15 m.
It seems to prefer rocky bottoms.
Size : Maximum total body length 35 cm, usually not more than
25 cm.
Interest to Fisheries : The species is fished for throughout its
range, mostly with vertical nets or by trawling; it is also taken by
hand or with lobster pots. The lobsters are sold fresh locally.
French (Breton) and Spanish fishing boats bring the specimens
alive (or frozen) to France and Spain where they are marketed. In
some places in Spain, the lobsters are kept alive in “viviers”
before being sold. In Angola “the quantity of “lobsters“ is not
sufficient to assure the development of fisheries on large
commercial scale” (Da Franca, 1966: 1).
Fig. 289
Local Names : ANGOLA: Lagosta Verde; CAPE VERDE ISLANDS:
Lagosta Verde; GAMBIA: Soum; GHANA: Blue crawfish;
MOROCCO: Azeffane, Bakhouche, Langusta (also used for
Palinurus species); SENEGAL: Soum, Soumpé
Literature : Fischer, Bianchi & Scott (eds), 1981 :voI 5; Williams,
1986:21, figs 50, 79 j-k; Fischer, Bauchot & Schneider (eds),
1987:311.
Fig. 290
155
Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis, 1963
PALIN Panul 19
Fig. 291
Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis,
1963, Proceedings Koninkliike
Akademie
Nederlandse
Wetenschappen, (C) 66:54.
Palinurus
Synonyms:
godeffroyi
(Pfeffer
MS.)
Holthuis. 1978.
FAO Names : En - Chinese
spiny lobster.
Type : Type locality of
Panulirus stimpsoni: ''Hong
Kong”. Holotype female in
RMNH, no. D 3541.
Type locality indication of
Palinurus
godeffroyi:
“Südsee” [ = Pacific Ocean],
indication probably incorrect.
Holotype male in ZMH, no.
8005.
Geographical Distribution :
Indo-West Pacific region.
Coast of southern China between Shanghai and Shantou
(= Swatow); Hong Kong;
Taiwan. Recently also found
in the Gulf of Thailand off
Chonburi province (Fig. 292).
Habitat and Biology : The
species seems to inhabit rocky
areas in shallow water.
Size : Known carapace
lengths: 6.5 to 10.5 cm
(males), and 5 to 6.5 cm
(females). The corresponding
total body lengths are about
16 to 28 cm (males), and 13 to
16 cm (females).
(after George & Fischer, 1978)
Fig. 291
Interest to Fisheries : The species is of commercial interest
notwithstanding its relatively small size. Caught throughout its
range, mostly with tangle nets, rarely by lobster traps. Sold fresh on
local markets. In Hong kong, it is mainly caught in February/March
and August, September. The species is reared and cultured in China
(Liu, 1986:44).
Local Names : HONG KONG: Green lobster, Luk Sik Lung Ha;
THAILAND: Kung mangkon
Literature: George & Fischer, 1978:93-95,fig1; Holthuis,1978:95100, pl. 1;Liu, 1986:45.
Fig. 292
156
Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804)
Fig. 293
PALIN Panul 11
Palinurus versicolor Latreille, 1804, Annales
Muséum Histoire naturelle, Paris, 3:394.
Synonyms: Palinurus taeniatus Lamarck,
1818; Panulirus taeniatus - White, 1847;
Palinurus (Panulirus) ornatus decoratus
Heller, 1865; Puer spiniger Ortmann, 1894;
Panulirus demani Borradai le, 1899; Senex
ornatus laevis Lanchester, 1901; Puerulus
spiniper - Calman, 1909; Panulirus ornatus
laevis- De Man, 1916.
FAO Names : En - Painted spiny lobster; Fr Langouste barriolée; Sp - Langosta colorete.
antennular plate
abdominal somites
(lateral view)
Fig. 293
Type : Type locality of Palinurus versicolor: “Cette jolie espece nous est arrivée par la frégate le Naturaliste”.. The
“Naturaliste” together with the “Geographe” left Le Havre, France, on 18 October 1800 on a voyage of discovery to
Australia. F. Peron and CA. Lesueur, whose names as zoologists are well known in connection with this expedition,
shipped on the Géographe, the zoologists on board the “Naturaliste” were G.J.B.M. Bory de St Vincent and D. Dumont.
Bory de St Vincent, however, did not travel beyond Mauritius, where he stayed for a year. The two ships arrived at
Mauritius (Ile de France) on 16 March 1801 and left 25 April. The “Naturaliste” reached SW. Australia on 27 May 1801
and went from there to Timor where she stayed from 22 August to 13 November 1801. From Timor the “Naturaliste”
went around S.W. Australia to Tasmania and Port Jackson, Sydney, and returned from there the same way to Shark Bay,
Western Australia, which was left 23 March 1803 for Timor. On 3 June 1803 the ship headed home from Timor via
Mauritius. The only two localities where the “Naturaliste” could have collected Panulirus versicolor are Mauritius and
Timor. It seems best to select Mauritius as the restricted type locality. Types in MP, see under type of P. taeniatus.
157
Type locality of P. taeniatus: “Habite les mers de la Nouvelle Hollande” Lamarck (1818:211) cited P. versicolor
Latreille as a synonym of his P. taeniatus (although he himself used the name versicolor for a species that probably is P.
penicillatus). As Lamarck claims that the type specimens of his P. taeniatus are rather small, just as Latreille (1804) did
for his own P. versicolor, it is possible, that taeniatus is just a new name for versicolor Latreille, and that the type
material of the two is the same. The fact that the object of the voyage of the “Naturaliste” was to explore Australia
(“Nouvelle Hollande”), may be the reason that Lamarck gave Australia as type locality for P. taeniatus, while its types
probably were actually collected in Mauritius or Timor. In the Paris Museum, there are 3 specimens identified by
Lamarck as P. taeniatus labelled “Ile de France” (= Mauritius), which may be the syntypes of this species and of P.
versicolor.
Type locality of P. ornatus decoratus: “Java”, Indonesia. Type material in NMW.
Type locality of Puer spiniger: “Amboina”, Moluccas, Indonesia. Depository of syntypes unknown.
Type localities of Panulirus demani: “Blanche Bay, New Britian” (1 male syntype in ZMC, in alcohol, good condition),
“Amboina” (Moluccas, Indonesia),“Neu-Guinea” (= southeast coast of Papua New Guinea between Yule Island and
East Cape),“Thursday island” (Torres Strait, Australia) (material from the last three localities reported upon by
Ortmann, 1894, the syntypes probably in the Zoological Institute, University of Jena, Germany), “Java-See” (Java Sea,
Indonesia) (De Man, 1896; 2 juveniles syntypes in ZML).
Type locality of Senex ornatus laevis:“Singora” ( = Songkhla, S. Thailand on coast of Gulf of Thailand). Holotype male
in ZMC, in alcohol, condition good.
Geographical Distribution : Indo-West Pacific
region: entire Red Sea and east coast of Africa (south
to Natal), to southern Japan, Micronesia, Melanesia,
northern Australia and Polynesia (Fig. 294).
Habitat and Biology : In shallow water, from the
sublittoral down to 15 m depth; in coral reef areas,
often on seaward edges of the reef plateau. In clear
water also in surf areas. The species is nocturnal and
not gregarious; in daytime, it hides in crevices and
cavities of the rocks.
Size : Maximum total length about 40 cm, average
length less than 30 cm.
Interest to Fisheries : The species is taken wherever
it occurs, mostly for local use; like all spiny lobsters it
is considered to be excellent food. It is taken in
daytime by divers, either by hand or with spears; at
night it is hunted and speared at the reefs with the
help of torch lights, it rarely enters trapsOn the west
coast of Thailand, it is sold fresh in markets or directly
to restaurants; mounted specimens, usually in fancy
glass cases are sold as curios to tourists.
Fig. 294
Local Names : AUSTRALIA: Painted rock lobster; FIJI: Painted rock lobster, Uraudina; HONG KONG: Huk paak mun
lung ha; INDONESIA: Udang barong; JAPAN: Goshiki ebi, Goshiki-ise-ebi; MALAYSIA: Udang karang;
MOZAMBIQUE: Lagosta pintada; NEW CALEDONIA: La porcelaine, Porcelain crayfish; PAKISTAN: Kikat (Sindhi),
Kikka (Baluchi); PHILIPPINES: Banag, Banagan, Marine crayfish, Painted crayfish; SOUTH AFRICA: Striped crayfish;
THAILAND: Kung mangkon; VIETNAM: Tôm hum.
Literature : Fischer & Bianchi (eds), 1984:vol. 5; Williams, 1986:23, figs 55,80c-d.
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