kemasan kertas 2011

Pengemasan Pangan
Souvia Rahimah
2 Maret 2011
Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pangan
FTIP – Univesitas Padjadjaran
Paper for Food
Kira-kira 10 % kertas digunakan untuk bahan pengemas dan 50 %nya digunakan untuk industri makanan.
Paten pertama untuk kertas sbg pengemas makanan : Charles
Hildeyerd on 16th February 1665 for ‘The way and art of making
blew paper used by sugar-bakers and others’
Uses can be found in packaging all the main categories of food
such as:
dry food products – cereals, biscuits, bread and baked products, tea,
coffee,
sugar, flour, dry food mixes etc.
frozen foods, chilled foods and ice cream
liquid foods and beverages – juice drinks, milk and milk derived products
chocolate and sugar confectionery
fast foods
fresh produce – fruit, vegetables, meat and fish.
Pengemasan Pangan
Latar Belakang
Bahasa Yunani : Papyrus 3000 SM
Tahun 105 : pembuatan kertas
pertama di Cina (Dinasti Han)
Tahun 1799 : pembuatan mesin
kertas pertama secara modern
Abad 19 : kertas sebagai
pengemas (kertas dan kardus),
penemuan karton
beralur/bergelombang
Abad 20 : penggunaan karton
secara masal
Bahan baku :
- kayu lunak (pohon berdaun jarum)
- kayu keras
Proses Pembuatan Pulp
Paper Recycling
Kelebihan Pengemas Kertas
range of surfaces, in terms of colour and finish,
available
range of strength properties, in terms of fibre type,
thickness and method of manufacture, available
choice of functional coating, lamination, decoration,
printing etc.
ease of conversion into packages in terms of cutting,
creasing, folding, gluing, locking, heat sealing etc.
innovative machinery for conversion and packing.
Pengemasan Pangan
Karakteristik Umum Kertas
Dibuat dari selulosa kayu atau merang padi
Diberi perlakuan kimia, dihancurkan,
dipucatkan, dibentuk lapisan dan akhirnya
dikeringkan
Dua jenis kertas yang utama digunakan
sekarang yaitu kertas kasar dan halus
Jenis Kertas
Wet strength paper
Microcreping
Greaseproof
Glassine
Vegetable parchment
Tissues
Paper labels
Bag papers
Sack kraft
Impregnated papers
Laminating papers
Solid bleached board (SBB)
Solid unbleached board (SUB)
Folding boxboard (FBB)
White lined chipboard (WLC)
Pengemasan Pangan
Wet strength paper
Paper sacks used in wet conditions need to retain at least 30%
of their dry strength when saturated with water. To achieve
wet strength, urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde
are added to the stock. These chemicals cross link during
drying and are deposited on the surface of the cellulose fibres
makingthem resistant to water absorption.
Microcreping
Microcreping, e.g. as achieved by the Clupak process, builds
an almost invisible crimp into paper during drying enabling
paper to stretch up to 7% in the MD compared to a more
normal 2%. When used in paper sacks this feature improves
the ability of the paper to withstand dynamic stresses, such as
occur when sacksare dropped.
Pengemasan Pangan
Greaseproof
The hydration (refining) of fibres at the stock preparation
stage, already described, is taken much further than
normal. It is carried out as a batch process and is known
as beating. The fibres are treated (hydrated) so that they
become almost gelatinous.
Glassine
This is a supercalendered (SC) greaseproof paper. The
calendering produces a very dense sheet with a high
(smooth and glossy) finish. It is non-porous, greaseproof,
can be laminated to board and can be silicone coated to
facilitateproduct release. Glassine is also available in
several colours.
Pengemasan Pangan
Vegetable parchment
Bleached chemical pulp is made into paper conventionally and
then passed through a bath of sulphuric acid. Some of the
surface cellulose is gelatinised on passing into water and
redeposited between the surface fibres forming an impervious
layer. This paper has high grease resistance and wet strength.
Tissues
Neutral pH grades with low chloride and sulphate residues are
laminated to aluminium foil. The grammages range from 17–
30 g/m2. Tea and coffee bag tissue is a special light weight
tissue available either as a heat sealable product (containing a
proportion of Polypropylene fibres), or as a non-heat sealable
product, in grammages from 12–17 g/m2. It incorporates long
fibres, such as those derived from manilla hemp which give a
strong permeable sheet at the low grammages used.
Pengemasan Pangan
Paper labels
These may be MG (machine glazed), MF (machine finished) or
calendered kraft papers (100% sulphate chemical pulp) in the
grammage range 70–90g/m2. The paper may be coated onmachine or cast coated for the highest gloss in an off-machine
or secondary process.
Bag papers
For sugar or flour, coated or uncoated bleached kraft in the
range 90–100 g/m2 is used. Imitation kraft is a term on which
there is no universally agreed definition, it can be either a
blend of kraft with recycled fibre or it can be 100% recycled. It
is usually dyed brown. It has many uses for wrapping and for
bags where it may have an MG and a ribbed finish. Thinner
grades may be used for lamination with aluminium foil and PE
for use on form/fill/seal machines.
Pengemasan Pangan
Sack kraft
Usually this is unbleached kraft (100% sulphate chemical)
pulp, though there is some use of bleached kraft. The
grammage range is 70–100 g/m2.
Impregnated papers
Wax impregnated paper and fluorocarbon treatment for
grease/fat resistance is produced on-machine.
Laminating papers
These are coated and uncoated papers (40–80 g/m ) based on
both kraft (sulphate) and sulphite pulps. These papers can be
laminated to aluminium foil and extrusion coated with PE. The
heavier weights can be PE laminated to plastic films and wax
or glue laminated to unlined chipboard.
2
Pengemasan Pangan
Solid bleached board (SBB)
Solid bleached board is made exclusively from bleached
chemical pulp. It usually has a mineral pigment coated top
surface and some grades are also coated on the back. The
term SBS (solid bleached sulphate), derived from the method
of pulp production, is sometimes used to describe this
product.
Solid unbleached board (SUB)
Solid unbleached board is made exclusively from unbleached
chemical pulp The base board is brown in colour. This product
is also known as solid unbleached sulphate. To achieve a white
surface it can be coated with a white mineral pigment coating,
sometimes in combination with a layer of bleached white
fibres under the coating.
Pengemasan Pangan
Jenis-jenis Kertas
Kertas Kraft
Kertas Glasin dan Kertas Tahan Minyak
Kertas Perkamen
Daluang (Containerboard)
Kertas berlapis (laminated)
Kertas tissue
Karton (paperboard)
Kertas Kraft
Sangat kuat
Warna kecoklatan
Harga relatif murah
Diproduksi sebagai lembaran satu
lapis, berlapis-lapis dan
bergelombang (corrugated)
Ketebalan kertas 10 – 180 gr/m2
Dibuat melalui proses sulfat dan
pemucatan (bleaching)
Bentuk kemasan sak, kantung,
pembungkus, tabung, kaleng
komposit.
Untuk mengemas bahan-bahan
dengan BJ yang besar
Kraft Paper
Kertas Tahan Minyak (waxed Paper)
dan Glassin (Glassine Paper)
Berbagai warna dan sedikit
tembus pandang
Dibuat dengan proses sulfat
dan calendering sehingga
permukaannya licin
Ketebalan 20 – 40 g/m2
Tahan terhadap minyak dan
lemak.
Untuk kemasan yang
mengandung minyak dan
lemak : mentega, keju, dll
Kertas perkamen (parchment)/baking paper
Dibuat dengan proses sulfat
Tahan terhadap lemak dan
cukup kuat dalam keadaan
basah
Lebih keras dan kasar
dibandingkan kertas minyak
Digunakan untuk mengemas
mentega, keju.
Sering digunakan sebagai kertas
label.
Karton (paperboard)
Kertas yang paling tebal (lebih dari 0.3 mm)
BJ 150 – 200 kg/m2
Menggunakan filler tanah liat
Untuk box dalam berbagai bentuk
Tipe :
CCN (Clay Coated News)
CKB (Coated Kraft Back)
CNB (Coated News Back)
CWTK (Coated White Top Kraft)
FBB (Folding Boxboard)
SBB (Solid Bleached Board)
SBS (Solid Bleached Sulphate)
SUB (Solid Unbleached Board)
SUS (Solid Unbleached Sulphate)
WLC (White Lined Chipboard)
Pengemasan Pangan
Pengemasan Pangan
Kertas berlapis
(laminated paper)
Dilaminasi bahan lain
seperti plastik,
alumunium foil.
Dibuat dalam berbagai
bentuk
Contoh Tetrapack yang
terdiri dari lilin, karton
alufo dan polietilen
Bahan Laminasi
Polyethylene (PE) heat sealable moisture barrier. Low density
polyethylene (LDPE) Easier heat sealing results when PE is
modified with EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate). Medium and high
density PE has a higher temperature limit, better abrasion
resistance and higher barrier properties than LDPE.
Polypropylene (PP) heat sealable, moisture and fat barrier. It can
withstand temperatures up to 140°C and is used for packing foods
to be reheated in ovens up to this temperature. One and two side
coatings are available.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) heat sealable, moisture and fat
barrier. It can withstand temperatures up to 200°C and is dual
ovenable (microwave and conventional ovens). It is coated only
on the non-printing side.
Pengemasan Pangan
Polymethylpentene (PMP) moisture and fat barrier
and not heat sealable. It is therefore used as flat
sheets, deep drawn trays and trays with
mechanically locked corners. It is coated only on the
non-printing side.
Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyamide (PA)
heat sealable, fat, oxygen and light barrier.
Ionomer resin (Surlyn™), a polyolefin with high
resistance to fat, including essential oils in citrus
fruit, and moisture with very good sealing
properties, is used as a tie layer on aluminium foil
when applying PE to foil.
Pengemasan Pangan
Proses Laminasi
Corrugated board
Terdiri dari bagian
bergelombang yang di kedua
sisinya ditutup dengan
lembaran karton yang
direkatkan (linier)
Konstruksi kelombang
bertujuan untuk meredam
getaran
transport
Kotak Karton Bergelombang (KKG)
Harga per unit yang rendah
Bobot yang ringan dengan
kekuatan
yang tinggi
Menghemat ruangan
Mudah diangkut
Melindungi benda-benda yang
dikemas
dengan aman
Memiliki nilai promosi
Dapat didaur ulang (recycle)
Proses pembuatan cepat
Tipe Ukuran Karton Bergelombang
Flute shape
Flute pitch
Flute height
Coarse flute (A flute)
8.0 - 9.5 mm 4.0 - 4.9 mm
Medium flute (C flute) 6.8 - 8.0 mm 3.2 - 4.0 mm
Fine flute (B flute)
5.5 - 6.5 mm 2.2 - 3.0 mm
Microflute (E flute)
3.0 - 3.5 mm 1.0 - 1.8 mm
DIAGRAM PROSES PEMBUATAN KERTAS
BAHAN DASAR
PENGECILAN
UKURAN
PEMBUBURAN DALAM DIGESTER
Proses : soda/sulfit/sulfat
P = 5 kg/cm2
• PENCETAKAN
t = 1400C
BUBUR KERTAS
• PENGERINGAN
Air : 96 %
• CALENDERING
Padat : 4 %
PENCAMPURAN
BAHAN TAMBAHAN
Pengemasan Pangan
Paper
Making
Pengemasan Pangan
Step 1: Forestry
Typically, trees used for papermaking are specifically grown
and harvested like a crop for that purpose. To meet
tomorrow's demand, forest products companies and private
landowners in Wisconsin plant millions of new seedlings every
year.
Pengemasan Pangan
Step 2: Debarking, Chipping and/or Recycling
To begin the process, logs are passed through a debarker,
where the bark is removed, and through chippers, where
spinning blades cut the wood into 1" pieces. Those wood
chips are then pressure-cooked with a mixture of water and
chemicals in a digester.
Pengemasan Pangan
Step 3: Pulp Preparation
The pulp is washed, refined, cleaned and sometimes
bleached, then turned to slush in the beater. Color dyes,
coatings and other additives are mixed in, and the pulp slush
is pumped onto a moving wire screen.
Pengemasan Pangan
Step 4: Paper Formation
As the pulp travels down the screen, water is drained away and recycled. The resulting
crude paper sheet, or web, is squeezed between large rollers to remove most of the
remaining water and ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The semidry web is
then run through heated dryer rollers to remove the remaining water.
Waste water is carefully cleaned and purified before its release or reuse. Fiber
particles and chemicals are filtered out and burned to provide additional power for the
mill.
Papermakers carefully test for such things as uniformity of color and surface, water
resistance, and ink holding ability.
Pengemasan Pangan
Pengemasan Pangan
Jenis Kemasan Kertas
Tea and coffee bags
Paper bags and wrapping paper
Sachets/pouches/overwraps
Multiwall paper sacks
Folding cartons
iquid packaging cartons
Rigid cartons or boxes
Pengemasan Pangan
Paper based tubes, tubs and composite containers
Tubes
Tubs
Composite containers
Fibre drums
Corrugated fibreboard packaging
Moulded pulp containers
Labels
Sealing tapes
Cushioning materials
Cap liners (wads) and diaphragms
Pengemasan Pangan
Contoh Jenis Kertas
A
A. Kertas Glasin
B. Kertas Perkamen
C. Daluang (Container Board
B
C
Bentuk kemasan
Pengemasan Pangan
Bentuk kemasan
Bentuk dan Jenis Kemasan
Amplop dan Kantung
Karton Lipat dan Kardus :
- Lipatan terbalik (reverse tuck)
- Dasar menutup sendiri (auto-lock
bottom)
- Model pesawat terbang (airplane style)
- Lipatan lurus
- Model perekat ujung (seal end)
- Model perkakas dasar (hardware
bottom).
Pengemasan Pangan
Standar Karton
Pengemasan Pangan
Pengemasan Pangan
Pengemasan Pangan
Pengemasan Pangan
A. Pola Dasar
C. Model Pesawat Terbang
E. Model Perekatan Ujung
B. Lipatan Terbalik
D. Lipatan Putus
F. Model Perkakas Dasar
PolaPola-pola dasar untuk membuat kemasan daluang lipat
Berbagai model kotak karton lipat