TECHNICAL PUBLICATION NO. 85-5 A GUIDE TO SCS RUNOFF

Transcription

TECHNICAL PUBLICATION NO. 85-5
A GUIDE TO SCS RUNOFF PROCEDURES
BY
Thirasak Suphunvorranop
Engineer
Department of Water Resources
St. Johns River Water Management District
P. 0. Box 1429
Palatka, Florida 32178-1429
July 1985
Project Number 15/20 200 03
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
LIST OF FIGURES
iii
LIST OF TABLES
iv
LIST OF SYMBOLS
V
ABSTRACT
1
I.
II.
III.
INTRODUCTION
2
A.
Background
2
B.
Scope of Report
2
DISCUSSION OF SCS RUNOFF EQUATION
4
A.
Development
4
B.
Limitations
5
C.
Summary
6
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER
8
A.
Hydrologic Soil Group Classification
8
B.
Cover Complex Classification
8
C.
Estimation of CN
9
1.
Urban CN
9
2.
Flatwoods CN
16
3.
Wetlands CN
18
D.
Antecedent Soil Moisture Condition
19
E.
Sensitivity of CN
21
F.
Summary
25
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
DISCUSSION OF SCS UNIT HYDROGRAPH METHOD
26
A.
Development
26
B.
Convolution
31
C.
Limitations
37
D.
Summary
39
TIME OF CONCENTRATION
40
A.
Estimation of tVx
40
1.
SCS Lag Method
40
2.
SCS Velocity Method
41
B.
Sensitivity of t
45
C.
Summary
47
PEAK RATE FACTOR
49
A.
Development
49
B.
Estimation of K 1
50
C.
Sensitivity of K 1
54
D.
Summary
54
SUMMARY
58
REFERENCES
60
APPENDIX A - SCS Rainfall Distributions
A-l
APPENDIX B - Hydrologic Soil Groups
B-l
APPENDIX C - Descriptions of Selected Land Use
C-l
APPENDIX D - Applications of SCS
D-l
Runoff Procedures
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1.
Relative Sensitivity of RQ to CN
22
2.
Relative Sensitivity of R
23
3.
Proportion of Error Due to t
24
4.
SCS Dimensionless Curvilinear and Triangular
28
to CN
Unit Hydrographs
5.
Triangular Unit Hydrograph for Example 1
33
6.
Runoff Hydrographs of Example 1 Using
38
Curvilinear and Triangular Unit Hydrographs
7.
Average Velocities for Estimating Travel Time
42
for Overland Flow
8.
Sensitivity of q to t
p
c
46
9.
Sensitivity of Triangular Unit Hydrograph to K 1
55
Sensitivity of Runoff Hydrograph to K 1
56
10.
iii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1.
Page
Runoff Curve Numbers for Hydrologic
10
Soil-Cover Complexes (AMC II, I = 0.2S)
2.
Approximate CN Values for Pine Flatwoods and
18
Wetlands
3.
Classification of Antecedent Moisture Conditions
19
4.
Runoff Curve Numbers for AMC I and AMC III
20
5.
Ratios for SCS Dimensionless Curvilinear Unit
29
Hydrograph
6.
Computation of Incremental Runoff for Example 1
34
7.
Computation of Runoff Hydrograph for Example 1
36
8.
Manning's 'n1 Values for Overland Flow
44
9.
Adjustment Factors Where Ponding and Swampy
52
Areas Occur at the Design Point
10.
53
Areas Are Spread Throughout the Watershed or
Occur in Central Parts of the Watershed
11.
Areas Are Located Only in Upper Reaches of
the Watershed
IV
53
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Drainage area, square miles
Effective impervious area, square miles
A
ei
A
. = Noneffective impervious area, square miles
A
= Pervious area, square miles
A..
= Total impervious area, square miles
AMC
= Antecedent moisture condition
CN
= SCS runoff curve number
D
= Duration of unit excess rainfall, hours
DWT
= Depth to water table, feet
EIA
= Effective impervious area
F
= Depth of rainfall infiltrated after runoff begins, inches
I
= Initial abstraction, inches
K
= Hydrograph shape factor
K1
= Peak rate factor
L
= Watershed time lag, hours
n
= Manning's roughness coefficient
P
= Total rainfall, inches
P1
= Total rainfall adjusted for the pervious area, inches
P24
= 2-year 24-hour rainfall depth, inches
Q
= Direct runoff, inches
Q .
= Runoff contributed from the effective impervious area,
inches
Q
= Runoff contributed from the pervious area, inches
v
q
= Peak discharge, cubic feet per second
RO
= Proportional change in Q per unit change in CN
R
= Proportional change in q
S
= Watershed storage, inches
s
= Slope of energy gradient, feet/foot
s
= Overland flow slope, feet/foot
t,
= Time base of unit hydrograph, hours
t
= Time of concentration, hours
t
= Overland flow travel time, hours
t
= Time to peak of unit hydrograph, hours
t
= Recession time of unit hydrograph, hours
TIA
= Total impervious area
V
= Volume of direct runoff, cubic feet
x
= Overland flow length, feet
x
per unit change in CN
= Hydraulic length of watershed, feet
iV
Y
= Average watershed land slope, percent
VI
ABSTRACT
This report contains:
(1) discussions of the SCS runoff pro-
cedures, including the curve number and the unit hydrograph
methods; (2) methods of estimating runoff curve numbers (CN) , the
time of concentration (tc), and a peak rate factor (K1) for different hydrologic conditions; (3) a method of constructing a
triangular unit hydrograph for a peak rate factor; and (4) example problems illustrating the effects of methods used in
estimating CN, tO , and K 1 on runoff hydrographs.
In estimating CN for urban basins, the effective impervious
area (EIA) method should be used.
The Agricultural Research
Service (ARS) method is recommended for basins where soil storage
is affected by water table.
The SCS velocity method should be
used in estimating the basin tC .
K 1 can be determined from the
proportion of area under the rising limb of the time-area curve
or by using the adjustment factor for the swampy and ponding
areas.
INTBQDUCTIQH
A.
Background
The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) runoff procedures, consisting of the curve number (CN) method and the unit
hydrograph method, are commonly used by hydrologists and engineers for hydrologic analyses and designs.
These runoft
procedures are often recommended by federal, state, and local
government agencies, including all of the water management
districts in Florida, for use in evaluating the effects of
land use changes on runoff volumes and peak discharges.
B.
ScQpe.gf.Report
The first objective of this report is to provide a better
understanding of the SCS runoff procedures.
The second ob-
jective is to develop practical guidelines for estimating
soil storage and selecting a peak rate factor for different
hydrologic conditions.
Specific tasks involved in this
report are:
(1) Detailed discussions of the SCS runoff procedures.
(2) Discussion of techniques for estimating CN under different hydrologic conditions.
(3) Derivation of equations for defining the shape of a
triangular unit hydrograph for a given peak rate
factor.
(4) Development of a practical guideline for estimating the
peak rate factor for swampy and depression areas.
(5) Example problems on applications of the SCS runoff procedures.
DISCU§SIQH_QF.THE.SCS_RUNQFF_EQUATIQH
In the early 1950 's, the SCS developed a method for estimating volume of direct runoft from storm rainfall and evaluating
the effects of land use and treatment changes on volume of direct
runoff.
The method, which is often referred to as the curve num-
ber method, was empirically developed from small agricultural
watersheds.
A.
Development
In deriving the SCS runoft equation, the ratio of amount of
rainfall infiltrated after runoft begins (F) to watershed
storage (S) was assumed to be equal to the ratio of actual
direct runoff to effective rainfall (total rainfall minus
initial abstraction) . The assumed relationship in mathematical form is:
where
F = accumulated infiltration, inches
S = watershed storage, inches
Q = actual direct runoff, inches
P = total rainfall, inches
I = initial abstraction, inches
The amount of rainfall infiltrated after runoff begins can be
expressed as:
F = (P-I) - Q
(2)
By substituting Equation (2) into Equation (1) and solving Q
in terms of P, I, and S, Equation (1) becomes:
/ vt
-r \ ^>
The initial abstraction defined by the SCS mainly consists of
interception, depression storage, and infiltration occurring
prior to runoff.
To eliminate the necessity of estimating
both parameters I and S in Equation (3), the relation between
I and S was developed by analyzing rainfall-runoff data for
many small watersheds.
I
The empirical relationship is:
=
0.2S
(4)
Substituting Equation (4) into Equation (3) yields:
n
Q
_
-
(P-0.2S)2
P+0.8S
....
(5)
which is the rainfall-runoff equation used by the SCS for
estimating depth of direct runoff from storm rainfall.
equation has one variable P and one parameter S.
The
S is re-
lated to CN by:
Q
S
_
~
1000
in
^F "10
((t^
6)
CN is a function of hydrologic soil group, land use, land
treatment and hydrologic condition.
It is dimensionless and
has values ranging from 0 to 100.
B.
Limitations
The limitations related to the SCS runoff equation are as
follows:
1.
Since daily rainfall data were used in the development
of the equation, the time distribution and duration of
storms were not considered.
If all other factors are
constant, all storms having the same rainfall magnitude
but different duration or intensity will produce equal
amount of direct runoff volume.
In fact, rainfall in-
tensity does have an effect on the hydrologic response
of the watershed.
2.
The equation tends to overpredict runoff volume for a
discontinuous storm, because it does not account for the
recovery of soil storage caused by infiltration during
periods of no rain.
3.
The CN procedure does not work well in areas where large
proportion of flow is subsurface, rather than direct
runoff (Rallison and Miller, 1983).
4.
Since the SCS curve numbers were developed from annual
maximum one-day runoff data, the CN procedure is less
accurate when dealing with small runoff events.
5.
The equation predicts that infiltration rate will approach zero for storms with long duration instead of a
constant terminal infiltration rate (Hjelmfelt, 1980).
Summary
1.
The SCS runoff equation is widely used in estimating
direct runoff because of its simplicity, flexibility,
and versatility.
The only input parameter needed is CN
and the hydrologic data used to estimate CN are normally
available in most ungaged watersheds.
In addition, the
equation can be applied to a wide range of watershed
conditions.
Since CN is the only parameter required, the accuracy of
runoff prediction is entirely dependent on the accuracy
of CN.
Aron and Lakatos (1976) suggested that the assumption of
I = 0.2S is in general too large.
According to McCuen
(1983), this assumption is not critical to design
accuracy.
Although further refinement of I is possible,
it is not recommended because under typical field conditions very little is known of the magnitudes of
interception, infiltration, and surface storage
(Rallison and Miller, 1979) .
To avoid using different rainfall distributions for the
same region, the synthetic rainfall distributions
developed by the SCS are usually used in practical applications (See Appendix A).
RUNQFF_CURYE_N.UMBEBS
Runoff Curve Number (CN) is a parameter used in estimating
available soil moisture storage prior to a storm event.
determined based on the following factors:
It is
hydrologic soil
group, land use, land treatment, and hydrologic condition.
A.
Hv_drQlQgic_Soil_GEOue_Class_i£ication
Soils are classified into four hydrologic soil groups (A, B,
C, and D) according to their minimum infiltration rate, which
is obtained for a bare soil after prolonged wetting.
The
definitions of the four hydrologic soil groups and a list of
soil names associated with their hydrologic classifications
are given in Appendix B.
B.
CeyeE_£Qffip.lex_eiassific§tiQn
Determination of cover complex classification depends on
three factors:
condition.
land use, treatment, and hydrologic
Land use is watershed cover; it includes all
agricultural and nonagricultural lands.
Land treatment
refers mainly to mechanical practices (e.g., contouring or
terracing) and management practices (e.g., grazing control,
crop rotation or conservation tillage).
The hydrologic con-
dition reflects the level of land treatment; it is divided
into three classes:
poor, fair, and good.
A brief descrip-
tion of the selected land uses are given in Appendix C.
C.
E
According to Mockus (1964), to the extent possible, curve
numbers (CN) were developed from gaged watershed data where
soils, crop covers, and hydrologic conditions were known.
The watershed data were interpolated and extrapolated to
determine the missing CN values.
Estimates of CN values for
the selected agricultural, suburban, and urban land uses are
given in Table 1.
By knowing a hydrologic soil-cover complex
condition, CN can be estimated from Table 1.
1.
U£ban_CN.
A common method of estimating CN for an urbanized basin
is to compute the weighted average of CN's for the total
impervious area (TIA/A..) and pervious area (A
).
Another method is to divide the total impervious area
into effective and noneffective impervious areas.
The
effective impervious area (EIA/A .) comprises those impervious surfaces that are hydraulically connected to
the drainage system (e.g., streets with curb and gutter
and paved parking lots that drain onto streets).
noneffective impervious area (A
The
.) consists of those
impervious surfaces that drain to pervious surface such
as a roof that drains onto a lawn.
The second method
assumes that rain falling on noneffective impervious
area is instantaneously
the pervious area.
and uniformly distributed over
This volume is then added to rain
falling on the pervious area prior to computation of
Table 1.—Runoff Curve Numbers for Hydrologic Soil Cover Complexes (AMC II,
I = 0.2S) (SCSr 1983)
Curve Numbers for
Land Use Description
HEdr_QlQgic_so_il_gr.pup
A
B
C
D
(Vegetation Established)
Lawns, open spaces, parks, golf courses, cemeteries, etc.
good condition: grass cover on 75% or more of the area
fair condition: grass cover on 50% to 75% of the area
poor condition: grass cover on 50% or less of the area
39
49
68
61
69
79
74
79
86
80
84
89
Paved parking lots, roofs, driveways, etc.
98
98
98
98
Streets and roads: paved with curbs and storm sewers
gravel
dirt
paved with open ditches
98
76
72
83
98
85
82
89
98
89
87
92
98
91
89
93
85
72
89
81
92
88
94
91
95
93
65
77
85
90
92
38
30
25
20
12
61
57
54
51
46
75
72
70
68
65
83
81
80
79
77
87
86
85
84
82
77
86
91
94
2/
-'
Commercial and business areas
Industrial districts
Row houses, town houses, and
residential with lot sizes
1/8 acre or less
Residential
Average lot size
1/4 acre
1/3 acre
1/2 acre
1 acre
2 acre
DEVELQPaE JJgBANÂREAS^ (No Vegetation Established)
Newly graded area or bare soil
10
Table 1.—Continued (AMC II, I = 0.2S)
Land Use
—Coyer.
Treatment or Practice
Hydrologic
7
Condition^4/
Curve Numbers for
Hydrologic Soil Group
A
B
C
D
/EURALJjfiilB
Fallow
Row crops
poor
good
11
16
74
86
Conservation tillage
Straight row
Straight row
Contoured
Contoured
Contoured + conservation
tillage
poor
good
poor
good
poor
good
72
67
71
64
70
65
81
78
80
poor
good
poor
good
69
64
Straight row
Contoured + terraces
+ conservation tillage
Small grain
Straight row
Straight row
Contoured
Contoured
Contoured + conservation
tillage
+ conservation tillage
Close-seeded
Straight row
Straight row
Legumes or
5
Rotation Meadow / Contoured
Contoured
Contoured & terraces
Contoured & terraces
11
91
90
88
94
93
90
75
79
75
88
85
87
82
84
82
91
89
90
85
88
86
66
62
78
74
74
71
83
81
80
78
87
85
82
81
poor
good
65
61
73
70
79
77
81
80
poor
good
poor
good
65
63
64
60
poor
63
61
76
75
75
72
74
73
84
83
83
80
82
81
88
87
86
84
85
84
good
85
83
poor
good
poor
good
62
60
61
59
73
72
72
70
81
80
79
78
84
83
82
81
poor
good
60
58
71
69
78
81
77
80
poor
good
poor
good
poor
good
66
58
64
55
63
51
77
72
75
69
73
67
85
81
83
78
80
76
89
85
85
83
83
80
Table 1.—Continued (AMC II, I = 0.2S)
Land Use
Cover.
Pasture or Range No mechanical treatment
No mechanical treatment
No mechanical treatment
Contoured
Contoured
Hydrologic
Condition^
poor
fair
good
poor
fair
Contoured
good
Meadow
—
Curve Numbers for
A
B
C
D
68
49
39
47
25
6
30
79
69
61
67
59
35
58
86
79
74
81
75
70
71
89
84
80
88
83
79
78
Fores tland—grass or orchards—
evergreen or deciduous
poor
fair
good
55
44
32
73
Brush
poor
good
48
20
Woods
poor
fair
good
—-
Farmsteads
12
82
76
72
86
82
79
67
48
77
65
83
73
45
36
25
66
60
55
77
73
70
83
79
77
59
74
82
86
65
58
Table 1.—-Continued (AMC II, I = 0.2S)
Land Use
CQV.gr.
Hydrologic
Condition2/
Curve Numbers for
A
B
C
D
Herbaceous
poor
fair
good
79
71
61
86
80
74
Oak-Aspen
poor
fair
good
65
47
30
74
57
41
Juniper-grass
poor
fair
good
72
58
41
83
73
61
Sage-grass
poor
fair
good
67
50
35
80
63
48
13
92
89
84
i/ For land uses with impervious areas, curve numbers are computed assuming
that 100% of runoff from impervious areas is directly connected to the
drainage system. Pervious areas (lawn) are considered to be equivalent to
lawns in good condition and the impervious areas have a CN of 98.
2/ Includes paved streets.
3/ Use for the design of temporary measures during grading and construction.
4/ For conservation tillage poor hydrologic condition, 5 to 20 percent of the
surface is covered with residue (less than 750 #/acre row crops or 300
#/acre small grain).
For conservation tillage good hydrologic condition, more than 20 percent of
the surface is covered with residue (greater than 750 #/acre row crops or
300 #/acre small grain).
5_/ Close-drilled or broadcast.
6/ Poor hydrologic condition has less than 25 percent ground cover density.
Fair hydrologic condition has between 25 and 50 percent ground cover
density.
Good hydrologic condition has more than 50 percent ground cover density.
If Poor hydrologic condition has less than 30 percent ground cover density.
Fair hydrologic condition has between 30 and 70 percent ground cover
density.
Good hydrologic condition has more than 70 percent ground cover density.
14
runoff from the pervious area.
The steps involved in
calculating the total runoff are given below:
Step 1.
Compute CN and S for the pervious area
Step 2.
Adjust rain for the pervious area such that:
P-
Step 3.
=
Compute runoff from the pervious area:
0
y
perv
Step 4 .
<l+Anei/Vrv)(P>
= (P'-0.2S)2(
P'+0.8S ^
A
/.
x;
Compute runoff from the effective impervious
area:
Q
ei " {P)(Aei/A)
Step 5.
Compute total runoff:
0
v
= u0
Q.
perv +vei
Miller (1979) studied the rainfall-runoff characteristics of four urbanized basins in south Florida.
His
study indicated:
(1) The EIA is an important physical feature in urban
basins, and is responsible for runoff from small
and medium rainfall events.
It produces a linear
relation between rainfall and runoff.
(2) There is a breakpoint rainfall, which varies from 1
to 2 inches.
When this rainfall is exceeded,
runoff will be contributed from the basin area outside the EIA.
15
(3) A nonlinear relation exists when runoff is produced
from the area outside the EIA.
Alley and Veenhuis (1983) concluded that
considerable
overestimations of runoff volumes and peak flows could
be incurred in rainfall-runoff modeling, if TIA rather
than EIA is used as a model input.
Simulation experi-
ments also show that the TIA method produces higher
runoff volume and peak flow for larger rainfall events.
However, the TIA method gives lower runoff volume for
smaller rainfall events simply because most of runoff is
contributed from the EIA.
In the TR-20 computer model, the basin CN is calculated
based on TIA.
To obtain more realistic estimates of
runoff volume and peak flow, the basin CN can be adjusted as follows:
Step 1.
Compute total runoff using the steps given
earlier.
Step 2.
Compute the equivalent S from the following
equation (Hope and Schulze, 1981) :
S = 5[P+2Q-(4Q2+5PQ)°'5]
Step 3.
Compute the equivalent CN from the following
equation:
2.
Flatw,QQds_CN.
The CN values for the flatwoods are greatly affected by
the water table and antecedent moisture conditions.
16
During wet periods, the water table is near ground surface and the flatwoods are often submerged.
The
flatwoods can become very dry during dry periods when
water table normally drops to 3-5 feet below the
surface.
Estimates of CN values for the pine flatwoods
are given in Table 2.
Another way of estimating watershed storage or CN for
the flatwoods is to relate watershed storage with water
table.
Capece (1984) conducted a study on estimation of
runoff volumes from flat, high-water table watersheds in
south Florida.
Among the seven methods investigated, he
concluded that the ARS (Agricultural Research Service)
method gives the best estimates of runoff volume.
This
method was developed from the absorption curve of sandy
soils in the Taylor Creek area (Speir et.al., 1960).
The relationship between watershed storage and water
table is given by the following equations:
S = 0.60(DWT)
, 0.0<DWT<0.5
(7a)
S = 0.30+1.00(DWT-0.5) , 0.5<DWT<1.0
(7b)
S = 0.80+1.35(DWT-1.0) , 1.0<DWT<2.0
(7c)
S = 2.15+1.55(DWT-2.0) , 2.0<DWT<3.0
(7d)
where
S = watershed storage, inches
DWT = depth to water table, feet.
The ARS method ignores effects of crop cover, land
treatment and hydrologic condition on runoff.
The
method seems to work well for watersheds where soil
17
storage is significantly affected by fluctuations of
water table.
Table 2.—Approximate CN values for Pine Flatwoods and Wetlands.
Cunte Number. fo£
Wet Periods
Dry Periods
Design
Pine flatwoods
70
60
98
98
95
93
River swamp, cypress swamp,
lake border swamp
Marsh
Bog swamp, bay head.
cypress dome
80
90
98
98
95
98
^" ^m
98
77
Wet prairies
3.
It is difficult to assign CN values for wetlands because
their CN values vary from one condition to another
condition.
During wet periods, wetlands are nearly or
fully saturated and could be given a CN value of 100.
The behavior of wetlands during dry periods is unclear.
Certain types of wetlands such as bog swamp, bay head,
and cypress dome may have tremendous depression storage
depending on water table conditions.
Soils in wetlands
areas generally consist of organic materials, peats, and
mucks and have high water holding capacity.
These soils
have very poor drainage and water is lost principally
through evapotranspiration.
Description of different
types of wetlands are given in Appendix C.
Approximate
CN values for wetlands are given in Table 2.
18
D.
Antgcedgnt_gQil_Moistute_Condition
Antecedent soil moisture is an indicator of watershed wetness
and availability of soil storage prior to a storm.
It can
have a significant effect on both runoff volume and runoff
rate.
Recognizing its significance, the SCS developed a
guide for adjusting CN according to antecedent moisture condition (AMC) determined by the total rainfall in the 5-day
period preceding a storm.
Three levels of AMC are used:
AMC-I for dry, AMC-II for normal, and AMC-III for wet
conditions.
Table 3 gives seasonal rainfall limits for these
three antecedent moisture conditions.
Table 3.—Classification of Antecedent Moisture Conditions
1972) .
AMC
I
II
III
(SCS,
TQt§l_5_rday._Antecedent_Rain£all_linche§l
DQtmant^ Season
Grow,ing_Season
Less than 0.5
0.5 to 1.1
over 1.1
Less than 1.4
1.4 to 2.1
over 2.1
Konyha and others (1982) suggested that the 5-day AMC is not
a reliable indicator of watershed wetness for the flatwoods
watersheds.
According to Rallison and Cronshey (1979), the
SCS indicated that a five-day period is a minimum for estimating antecedent conditions.
Sometimes longer periods are
desirable but the additional work does not always produce
19
additional accuracy in the runoff estimates.
Cronshey (1983)
suggested that the AMC II CN be used for most practical applications and an AMC curve number adjustment be made only
when an actual storm is to be evaluated.
The CN estimates presented in Table 1 are for AMC II.
If
either AMC I or III is to be used, the CN can be adjusted
using Table 4.
* via^^
Table 4.—Curve Numbers for AMC I and AMC III.
o
Corresponding CN for
AMC I
AMC III
CN for
AMC II
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
100
87
78
70
63
57
51
45
40
35
31
27
23
19
15
12
9
7
4
2
0
20
100
99
98
97
94
91
87
83
79
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
39
33
26
17
0
E.
Sensitivity_o£_QI
Curve Number (CN) is an important parameter for determining
direct runoff (Q) and peak discharge (q ).
An error in CN
estimate will cause errors in Q and q . The total error in
q
due to error in CN estimate consists of the errors in Q
and time of concentration (tc) obtained from the SCS lag
equation.
Hawkins (1975) performed a sensitivity analysis of Q to error
in rainfall (P) and CN.
He concluded:
(1) For a con-
siderable range of Pf accurate values of CN are more
important than accurate estimates of P; and (2) The accuracy
of estimating Q is very critical near the threshold of runoff
(P=0.2S).
Bondelid, et. al. (1982) evaluated the sensitivity of the SCS
methodology to errors in CN estimates.
They concluded:
The effects of CN variation on Q and q
decrease as P
(1)
increases; and (2) As both P and CN increase, the effect of
the error in Q on q
in t
decreases while the effect of the error
increases.
Figures 1 and 2 show the relative sensitivities of RQ and R ,
respectively, due to CN.
The terms RQ and R
are propor-
tional changes in Q and q , respectively, per unit change in
CN.
Both figures can be used for evaluating the hydrologic
effects of differences in the estimated CN's.
21
Figure 3,
0.20
CM
50
60
TO
BO
80
es
0.15 - \
o
•o
II
0.10
o
0.05
5
6
R A I N F A L L (In)
Figure 1.--Relative Sensitivity of RQ to
CN, 0.7<t c<5.0 Hours
(Bondelid et. al., 1982)
22
0.20
CN
50
60
70
8«
90
96
0.15
B
C
0.10
c
IT
0.0£
£
e
2<-hr. R A I N F A L L
7
( in. )
Figure 2.—Relative Sensitivity of R to
q
CN, 0.7<tc<5,0 Hours
23
0.8
o
i-
o.e
ui
a
17
0.4
a:
111
z
o
H
cr
a
a.
O 0.2
ff
a.
4
6
8
24-hr. RAINFALL On)
10
Figure 3.—Proportion of Error Due to t ,
C
0.7<tc<5.0 Hours
24
which shows the proportional error in q
due to t , can be
used to determine the proportional error in q
F.
due to Q.
Summary
1.
For design purposes, average condition CN (AMC II) with
I = 0.2S should be used and the adjustment of CN based
on AMC is not necessary.
2.
The EIA method should be used for urbanized basins; it
provides better estimates of runoff volume and peak flow
than does the TIA method.
3.
The ARS method is recommended for watersheds where their
CN values vary with depth of water table.
Although it
is preferrable to determine the depth to water table
from the study area, approximate depth during wet
periods can be obtained from the SCS soil survey
manuals.
If depth to water table is not known, then the
CN value given in Table 2 can be used.
4.
Irrigation practices usually keep the water table high
due to low efficiency of irrigation.
If water table is
maintained within four feet of the ground surface, then
the watershed CN should be estimated by the ARS method;
otherwise, the watershed CN could be estimated from
Table 1.
25
DIseU§S.!QS_QF_S£S_UNJT_HYDBQGRAPH_METHQD
A unit hydrograph is the hydrograph resulting from one inch
of direct runoff generated uniformly over the watershed at a
uniform rate during a specified period of time.
The assumptions
involved in the unit hydrograph concept are:
(1) Rainfall intensity is constant during the storm period.
(2) Rainfall is uniformly distributed throughout the entire
watershed.
(3) The time base for the runoff hydrograph of a watershed
is constant for storms of the same duration.
(4) The ordinates of unit hydrograph are directly proportional to volume of direct runoff.
The principles of linearity, proportionality, and superposition make the unit hydrograph method a very flexible tool in
developing runoff hydrographs for ungaged watersheds.
A unit
hydrograph of a watershed can be derived by analyzing actual
rainfall-runoff data (Linsley, 1975).
When these data are not
available, a synthetic unit hydrograph technique is normally
employed.
A.
Development
Victor Mockus developed the SCS synthetic unit hydrograph
method for determining runoff hydrograph for ungaged
watersheds.
Unit hydrographs were derived from observed
rainfall-runoff data of natural watersheds with different
sizes and geographic locations.
26
The derived unit hydrographs
were then made dimensionless
and averaged to obtain a stan-
dard dimensionless unit hydrograph (DUH) as shown in Figure
4.
The area under the rising limb is 37.5% of the total area
under the DUH.
The time base (t, ) is 5 t
b
p
point on the falling limb occurs at 1.7 t .
and the inflection
The time and
discharge ratios for the SCS curvilinear DUH are given in
Table 5.
The curvilinear DUH in Figure 4 can be approximated by a triangular DUH having the same percent of runoff volume on the
rising side of the triangle.
Using the geometry of tri-
angles, the area under the unit hydrograph is estimated by:
V =
where
\ qp
(t
p+tr)(3600)
(8)
V
= volume of direct runofr, cubic feet
q
= peak discharge, cubic feet per second (cfs)
t
= time to peak, hours
t
= recession time, hours
Solving Equation
qp
(8) for q
and rearranging yields:
(V/3600 t )
(9)
p.
Let K replace the terms in the bracket such that:
K
(lu)
=
then Equation 9 can be written as:
qp
= KV/(3600 tp)
27
(11)
EXCESS RAINFALL
rPOINT OF INFLECTION
t/t r
Figure 4.--SCS Dimensionless Curvilinear and Triangular
Unit Hydrographs (SCS, 1972)
28
Table 5.—Ratios for SCS Dimensionless Curvilinear Unit Hydrograph
Time Ratios
(t/tp)
Discharge Ratios
(q/qp)
0
.1
.000
.030
.100
.190
.310
.470
.660
.820
.930
.990
1.000
.990
.930
.860
.780
.680
.560
.460
.390
.330
.280
.207
.147
.107
.077
.055
.040
.029
.021
.015
.011
.005
.000
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.5
5.0
29
By introducing A and Q into Equation 11, the equation
becomes:
qp=
where
q
= peak discharge, cfs
A
= drainage area, square miles
Q
= direct runoff depth, inches
K
= hydrograph shape factor
645.33
= conversion factor
By letting K 1 = 645.33 K, the SCS unit hydrograph equation
simplifies to:
_ (K1) (A) (Q)
q p = -1 P
where K 1 is called peak rate factor.
It should be noted that
the DUH shown in Figure 4 is valid only for the K 1 value of
484.
If the K 1 value is different from 484, then a new DUH
must be developed.
In Equation 13, Q represents direct runoff depth resulting
from a given rainfall intensity and duration, while K 1 accounts for the effect of watershed storages and t
provides
timing of unit hydrograph by incorporating hydraulic or
timing parameters such as slope, flow length, and surface
roughness.
30
Figure 4 shows that:
tp
where L
=
L + §
(14)
= watershed time lag, hours
D = duration of unit excess rainfall, hours
The lag (L) of a watershed is defined as the time from the
center mass of unit excess rainfall (D) to the time to peak
(t ) of a unit hydrograph.
tc is (SCS,
The average relationship of L to
1972) :
L = 0.6 tC
Substituting in Equation 14
tp
=
(15)
yields:
°'6 V
5
(16)
Using the relationships defined for the curvilinear DUH
(Figure 4), it can be shown that:
D = 0.1333 tC
(17)
Substituting Equation 17 into Equation 16 yields:
tp = 2 tc/3
B.
(18)
CQny.olu.tion
The method used to compute a design storm hydrograph from
rainfall excess and unit hydrograph is called convolution.
It is a process of translation, multiplication, and addition.
The following example illustrates this process.
31
I:
Develop a runoff hydrograph using the following
data:
Drainage area:
1.0 square mile
Time of concentration:
Curve Number:
85
Storm duration:
1.0 hour
Rainfall interval:
0.25 hours
Rainfall intensity:
0.40, 0.80, 0.50, 0.30
Total rainfall depth:
Step 1.
1.50 hours
2.00 inches
Develop and plot triangular unit hydrograph.
Using Equation 17, compute D:
D = 0.1333 (1.50) = 0.20 hours
Using Equation 16, compute t :
t = 0.5(0.20) + 0.6(1.50) = 1.00 hour
P
For one inch of direct runoff, the peak discharge is:
qp
For K 1
(484)(1)(1)
=
-
(1)
=
-
484 CIS
= 484, the time base of the triangular
UH is:
tb = 2.67(1) = 2.67 hours
The resulting triangular UH is shown in Figure
5.
Step 2.
Tabulate the ordinates of the triangular UH
using time increment D (Table 6, Column 2).
32
484
10
m
u
U
in
-H
Q
2.67
1.00
Time (hours)
Figure 5.—Triangular Unit Hydrograph for
Example 1
33
Table 6.—Computation of Incremental Runoff for Example 1
TIME
(hr)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
UH
ORDINATES
(Cfs)
2.6
2.8
0
97
194
290
387
484
426
368
310
252
194
135
77
19
0
TOTAL
3233
ACCUMULATIVE
RAINFALL
(in.)
ACCUMULATIVE
RUNOFF
(in.)
0
0.32
0.88
1.40
1.76
2.00
3233(0.2) = 646.6
34
INCREMENTAL
RUNOFF
(in.)
0
0
0
0
0.12
0.39
0.62
0.79
0.12
0.27
0.23
0.17
Step 3.
Check the volume under UH by summing the ordinates (Table 6, Column 2) and multiplying by
D:
3233(0.20) = 646.60 cfs-hours
Compare this value with the computed volume
under UH:
645.33(1.0) = 645.33 cfs-hours
If these values fail to check, re-read the
ordinates from Figure 5 until both values
agree.
Step 4.
Tabulate accumulative rainfall in time increments of D (Table 6, Column 3).
Step 5.
Compute the accumulated runoff from Equation
(5) (Table 6, Column 4).
Step 6.
Tabulate the incremental runoff (Table 6,
Column 5).
Step 7.
Determine runoff hydrograph by convolution.
The ordinates of triangular UH in Table 6, Column 2, is
convoluted with rainfall excess in Column 5.
The com-
putations of runoff hydrograph is shown in Table 7.
35
Table 7.—Computation of Runoff Hydrograph for Example 1
TIME
(HRS)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
EIISCHARGE
(CFS)
0
97(0)
194(0)
290(0)
387(0)
484(0)
426(0)
368(0)
310(0)
252(0)
194(0)
135(0)
77(0)
19(0)
=
Hh
-1-h
-h
-h
-^
-h
-I-h
-f
•f
•f
97(0 .12)
194(0 .12)
290(0 .12)
387(0 .12)
484(0 .12)
426(0 .12)
368(0 .12)
310(0 .12)
252(0 .12)
194(0 .12)
135(0 .12)
77(0 .12)
19(0 .12)
-h
-h
-H
-H
-1-I-h
-^
-f
-f
-f
-f
97(0 .27)
194(0 .27)
290(0 .27)
387(0 .27)
484(0 .27)
426(0 .27)
368(0 .27)
310(0 .27)
252(0 .27)
194(0 .27)
135(0 .27)
77(0 .27)
19(0 .27)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
97(0.23)
194(0.23)
290(0.23)
387(0.23)
484(0.23)
426(0.23)
368(0.23)
310(0.23)
252(0.23)
194(0.23)
135(0.23)
77(0.23)
19(0.23)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
97(0.17)
194(0.17)
290(0.17)
387(0.17)
484(0.17)
426(0.17)
368(0.17)
310(0.17)
252(0.17)
194(0.17)
135(0.17)
77(0.17)
19(0.17)
TOTAL
36
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0
0
11.6
49.5
109.5
185.9
262.3
320.1
336.3
316.8
271.0
225.2
179.2
133.1
87.1
45.8
17.5
3_i.2
= 2,554.1
Step 8.
Check the volume under runoff hydrograph by
summing the ordinates (Table 7) and multiplying by D:
2554.1(0.20) = 510.8 cfs-hours
Compare this value with the computed volume:
695.33(1.0) (0.79) = 509.8 cfs-hours
This example illustrates the derivation of runoff
hydrograph from rainfall excess and triangular UH by
convolution.
The same procedure can be used to derive
runoff hydrograph from the curvilinear UH.
Figure 6
shows that there is little difference in runoff
hydrographs using either triangular UH or curvilinear
UH, providing that the time increment D is approximately
equal to 0.2 t .
C.
The difference in peak discharges for
this example is 5.8%.
This difference tends to decrease
with increasing storm
durations.
Limitations
The limitations relating to the unit hydrograph method are
given below:
1.
The unit hydrograph method cannot accommodate the areal
variations in runoff that can affect hydrograph shape.
For instance, a rapid rise, sharp peak, and rapid recession would result if urbanization is located near the
basin outlet.
On the other hand, a slow rise, lower and
37
500
D
I
S
C
H
A
R
G
E
I.0 SQ.MI
2.0 IN.
85
400 .
1.5 HRS.
484
300 .
CURVILINEAR
TRIANGULAR
OJ
CO
I
N
200
_
C
F
S
100 _
0
0
TIME
IN
HOURS
Figure 6.—Runoff Hydrographs of Example 1 Using Curvilinear and Triangular
Unit Hydrographs
broader peak, and slow recession would occur if urbanization occurred in the upstream portion of the
basin.
2.
The unit hydrograph method assumes that ordinates of
flow are proportional to volume of direct runoff for all
storms of a given duration and that the time bases of
all such hydrographs are equal.
This assumption is not
completely valid because duration of recession is a
function of peak flow.
The larger the peak flow, the
longer the duration of recession.
Furthermore, unit
hydrographs for storms of the same duration but different magnitudes do not always agree.
Peaks of unit
hydrographs derived from small storms are normally lower
than those derived from larger storms (Linsley, 1975).
D.
Summary
1.
To obtain a good prediction of runoff hydrograph for a
basin, it is important to have accurate estimates of
direct runoff (Q), time of concentration
(tc ), and peak
rate factor (K1).
2.
The SCS unit hydrograph method should be applied only to
the basin small enough so that similar rainfall and
runoff characteristics can be attained within the basin.
If areal variations in rainfall and runoff are great, it
is necessary to divide the basin into smaller
39
subbasins.
T!M!_QF_CQHCEJJTRAT!QH
The time of concentration (ttx ) is the time it takes for
runoff to travel from the hydraulically most remote part of the
watershed to the point of reference downstream.
The primary
function of tc is to provide the timing of hydrograph.
Besides
increasing runoff volume, urbanization generally decreases travel
time or t , which in turn shortens the time to peak of hydrograph
and increases peak discharge.
A.
Estimation of t
There are numerous methods for estimating tC . However, the
methods recommended by the SCS will be discussed below.
The SCS lag method was developed from natural watersheds having areas less than 2,000 acres.
The method
was intended to be used for different watershed conditions ranging from steep to flat and from heavily
forested to smooth surface areas.
The equation for
watershed lag is:
L = *w' (S+l)0'7
1900y°'5
40
(19)
where
L
= watershed time lag, hours
x\V = hydraulic length of watershed, feet
S
= watershed storage, inches
y
= average watershed land slope, percent
Data collected from small urban watersheds indicated
that Equation (19) overestimates lag time for urban
areas (SCS, 1975).
However, the equation adequately
represents lag time for paved areas such as parking
lots.
2.
§G§_YelQcity._MetbQd
In the SCS velocity method, the flow path is usually
divided into segments according to type of flows such as
overland, storm sewer or pipe, road gutter, and channel
flows.
The time of concentration for a given drainage
area is estimated by summing the travel time of each
flow segment.
a.
Qy.erland_£10Y£
The travel time for overland flow can be determined
from Figure 7.
Figure 7 are:
The types of flow included in
overland, grassed waterways, paved
areas, and small upland gullies.
If slope and land
use of the overland flow segment are known, the
average flow velocity can be read from Figure 7.
The travel time is computed by dividing the overland flow length by the average velocity.
41
100
0.5
VELOCITY IN FEET PER SECOND
Figure 7.—Average Velocities for Estimating Travel Time for
Overland Flow (SCS, 1972).
42
According to Kibler and Aron (1983) , Figure 7 gives
very good estimates of overland travel time as long
as flow paths exceed 300-400 feet.
However, if flow length is less than 300 feet, the
travel time for overland flow can be computed from
the simplified Manning-Kinematic wave equation
(SCS, 1983) :
0.006(nxQ)0.8
*•
where
t
= overland flow travel time, hours
n
= Manning's roughness coefficient
XG
=
overland flow length, feet
P24 = 2-year 24-hour rainfall depth, inches
S
= overland flow slope, feet/foot
Equation (20) is based on the following assumptions:
(1) shallow steady uniform flow; (2) constant rainfall
excess; (3) 24-hour rainfall duration; (4) SCS Type II
rainfall distribution; and (5) impact of infiltration on
travel time is minor.
Estimates of 'n1 values for use
in Equation (20) are given in Table 8.
b.
The travel time from storm sewer to open channel is
the sum of travel times in each individual component of the system between the uppermost inlet
43
Table 8.—Manning's 'n1 Values for Overland Flow I/ (SCS,
Recommended
Value
Concrete
Asphalt
Bare sand 27
Graveled surface 27
Bare clay-loam (eroded) 27
Fallow (no residue) **
Chisel plow ( 1/4 ton/acre residue)
Chisel plow (1/4 - 1 ton/acre residue)
Chisel plow ( 1 - 3 tons/acre residue)
Chisel plow ( 3 tons/acre residue)
Disk/Harrow ( 1/4 ton/acre residue)
Disk/Harrow (1/4 1 ton/acre residue)
Disk/Harrow ( 1 - 3 tons/acre residue)
Disk/Harrow ( 3 tons/acre residue)
No till ( 1/4 ton/acre residue)
No till (1/4 1 ton/acre residue)
No till ( 1 - 3 tons/acre residue)
Plow (Fall)
Coulter
Range (natural)
Range (clipped)
Grass (bluegrass sod)
2>
Short grass prairie-7
Dense grass 47
-'
4/
7
Bermuda grassWoods
!/
2/
37
4/
,011
,012
,010
.012
.012
.05
.07
.18
.30
.40
.08
.16
.25
.30
.04
.07
.30
.06
.10
.13
.08
.45
.15
.24
.41
.45
1983)
Range of
Values
,010
.012
.012
.006
.006
.07
.19
.34
.008
.10
.14
-
,013
,015
.016
.03
.033
.16
.17
.34
.47
.46
.41
.25
.53
.03
.01
.16
.02
.05
.01
.02
.39
-
.07
.13
.47
.10
.13
.32
.24
.63
,01
,01
.10 - .20
.17 - .30
.30 - .48
Engman (1983).
Woolhiser (1975).
Fallow has been idle for one year and is fairly smooth.
Palmer (1946). Weeping lovegrass, bluegrass, buffalo grass,
blue gramma grass, native grass mix (OK), alfalfa, lespedeza.
44
and the outlet.
During major storm events, the
sewer system can be assumed flowing full.
The
average velocity of the sewer system is estimated
from the Manning's equation using average conduit
size, average slope, and hydraulic radius of full
flow condition.
Manning's equation is:
1/2
1 49 r
r2/3s
v = ±f~
s
where v = average flow velocity (ft/sec)
r = hydraulic radius (ft)
s = slope of energy gradient (ft/ft)
n = Manning's roughness coefficient
c.
Gutter.flow.
The average velocity of shallow gutter flow can be
estimated from Figure 7 using the paved area curve
d.
Channel.flow.
The "bank full" velocity is normally used for computing the travel time for channel flow, which is
determined by the Manning's equation.
B.
Sensitivity of t
The primary function of t
is to provide timing of runoff
hydrograph; it is a very important parameter used in determining the peak and shape of runoff hydrograph.
illustrates the effect of variation in t
Figure 8
on peak discharge.
\^r
The unit of peak discharge in Figure 8 is in cubic feet per
45
500
c
•H
40O
-H
g
03
\
cn
iw
O
300
C
•H
0
Cn
s-i
rfl
£
U
en
•H
Q
200
100
OS
d)
04
Time of Concentration (t ) in hours
Figure 8.--Sensitivity of q
46
to t
second per square mile per inch of direct runoff.
It can be
seen that peak discharge is extremely sensitive to a change
in tc, particularly for small values of tc . Also, it will be
shown later that variation in t
would change the shape and
timing of unit hydrograph, which in turn also affects runoff
hydrograph of the basin.
C.
Summary
1.
The main disadvantage of the t approach is that it
does not account for the areal distribution of runoff
which can affect the shape and timing of hydrograph;
i.e.,urbanization occurring upstream or downstream of
the basin will result in the same runoff hydrograph as
long as the t
t
C
C
of the basin is equal.
As a result, the
method should be applied to basins small enough to
ensure that areal variation in runoff is not too great.
2.
Generally, the SCS lag method is not as accurate as the
SCS velocity method because the lag method does not
reflect changes in hydraulic properties which can be
incorporated in the velocity method.
For example,
channel modification causes a change in t
ing flow velocity of the channel.
by increas-
Furthermore, t C
obtained from the lag method will be equal for watersheds having the same CN, hydraulic length, and slope.
47
3.
Time of concentration varies with storm events; therefore, it should be estimated for each storm event.
practical purposes, t
For
can be calculated using the
"bank full" velocities.
4.
Since tV-* is very important parameter for determining
runoff hydrographs for small upland watersheds, great
care should be exercised in estimating tc.
48
PEAK.RATE_FACTQR
Peak rate factor (K1) is a parameter used to reflect the effect
of watershed storage on runoff hydrograph shape.
According to the
SCS, K 1 value has been known to vary from 300 in flat swampy
country to 600 in steep terrain.
Woodward et.al. (1980) suggested
a value of 284 for the Delmarva peninsula (Delaware, Maryland, and
Virginia) which is characterized by flat topography and considerable natural surface storage due to swales and swamps.
This
suggests that K 1 values vary with the watershed storage characteristics and that a constant value cannot be used to represent the
storage characteristics of all watersheds.
Therefore, it is neces-
sary to develop a method for estimating K 1 value of a DUH for an
ungaged watershed.
A.
Development
Before a triangular unit hydrograph can be constructed for a
given peak rate factor, the following parameters q , t , and
tb must be known.
13 and 16.
Both q
and t
are computed from Equations
The equation for solving t, is derived below.
Using the relation t. = t +t
and substituting this relation
into Equation 10 yields:
K = 2t /tb
(22)
tb = 2tp/K
(23)
or
49
Substituting K = K'/645.333 into Equation 23 results:
1290.66 t /K1
tfa =
(24)
Equations 13, 16, and 24 are the basic equations used
for constructing a triangular unit hydrograph for a
given peak rate factor.
By substituting Equation 18
into Equations 13 and 24, the equations for q
and t,
become:
qn
P
=
1.5K'AQ/t
tb
=
860.42 tc/K'
(25)
*-
(26)
From Equations 18, 25, and 26, it can be concluded that:
(1) t
is the most important parameter in determining
runoff hydrographs—any variation in tc would cause
changes in q , t , and t, ; and (2) K 1 is the second most
important parameter—any change in K 1 would result in
changes in q
B.
and t, .
Estirnation_Qf_Kl
McCuen and Bondelid (1983) proposed a method for deriving a
DUH from the time-area curve.
The method assumes that the
proportions under the rising limbs of the time-area curve and
DUH are equal.
This implies that the K 1 value of the DUH is
the same as that of the time-area curve.
The steps involved
in deriving a triangular DUH for a given watershed are summarized below.
50
Step 1.
Use the "bank full" velocities to calculate the
channel travel times to the watershed outlet.
Step 2.
Divide the total channel travel time into a number
of equal time intervals, and then divide the
watershed into areas of equal travel time.
Step 3.
Develop a dimensionless time-area curve.
Step 4.
Calculate the proportion (p) of area under the
rising limb of the time-area curve.
The calculated
p is then used to compute K 1 from the relationship
K'=1290.66p.
With K 1 and tc values known, the
terms t , q , and t. are determined from Equations
18, 25r and 26, respectively.
Consequently, the
triangular DUH can be drawn.
Similarly, the same procedure described earlier can be used
to derive a curvilinear DUH from the gamma distribution
function.
Another approach of estimating K 1 for a watershed is to multiply the standard SCS K 1 (484) by an adjustment factor
obtained from Tables 9-11.
SCS, TR-55 (1975).
These tables are published in
The values of adjustment factors are
given in terms of percent of watershed storage area (e.g.
ponds, swamps, ditches, and swales), storm frequency, and
areal distribution of watershed storage.
It should be noted
that this table is not applicable for detention basins.
approach is based on the following reasons:
51
This
(1) Watershed storages affect the shape of runoff hydrograph
by attenuating its peak and enlarging its time base.
(2) Rainfall characteristics have an effect upon the storage
capacity of watershed.
Therefore, K 1 , which is used to
represent watershed storage effect also varies with
storm frequency.
(3) According to Woodward, et.al. (1980), the standard SCS
DUH was developed from small watersheds primarily in the
Midwest.
These watersheds are generally characterized
by local relief of 50 to 100 feet with little or no
natural storage.
Table 9.—Adjustment factors where ponding and swampy areas occur
at the design point (SCS, 1975).
Percentage of
ponding and
swampy area
0.2
.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.3
5.0
6.7
10.0
20.0
StQ£m_freguency._iyearsl
2
5
10
25
50
0.92
.86
.80
.74
.69
.64
.59
.57
.53
.48
0.94
.87
.81
.75
.70
.65
.61
.58
.54
.49
0.95
.88
.83
.76
.72
.67
.63
.60
.56
.51
0.96
.90
.85
.79
.75
.71
.67
.64
.60
.55
0.97
.92
.87
.82
.78
.75
.71
.67
.63
.59
52
100
0.98
.93
.89
.86
.82
.78
.75
.71
.68
.64
Table 10.—Adjustment factors where ponding and swampy areas are
spread throughout the watershed or occur in central
parts of the watershed (SCS, 1975) .
Percentage of
ponding and
swampy area
2
0.2
.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.3
5.0
6.7
10.0
20.0
25.0
0.94
.88
.83
.78
.73
.69
.65
.62
.58
.53
.50
J.
_/
StQrm_f,requency_iyearsl.
5
10
25
50
0.95
.89
.84
.79
.74
.70
.66
.63
.59
.54
.51
0.96
.90
.86
.81
.76
.71
.68
.65
.61
.56
.53
0.97
.91
.87
.83
.78
.74
.72
.69
.65
.60
.57
0.98
.92
.88
.85
.81
.77
.75
.72
.68
.63
.61
100
0.99
.94
.90
.87
.84
.81
.78
.75
.71
.68
.66
Table 11.—Adjustment factors where ponding and swampy areas are
located only in upper reaches of the watershed (SCSf 1975) .
Percentage of
J.
^
swampy area
2
0.2
.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.3
5.0
6.7
10.0
20.0
0.96
.93
.90
.87
.85
.82
.80
.78
.77
.74
§tQrm_freguency__iyear.sl.
10
5
25
50
0.97
.94
.91
.88
.85
.83
.81
.79
.77
.75
53
0.98
.94
.92
.88
.86
.84
.82
.80
.78
.76
0.98
.95
.93
.90
.88
.86
.84
.82
.80
.78
0.99
.96
.94
.91
.89
.88
.86
.84
.82
.80
100
0.99
.97
.95
.93
.91
.89
.88
.86
.84
.82
C.
Figure 9 shows the effect of K 1 values on the shape of unit
hydrographs and that peak discharge is very sensitive to
variation in K 1 values.
With parameters A, Q, and tC held
constant, q
increases and t. decreases as K 1 increases, or
vice versa.
It should be noted that the t
of unit
hydrograph is not a function of K 1 and therefore is not affected by changing in K 1 values.
Similarly, the effect of K 1
values on runoff hydrograph is shown in Figure 10.
D.
Summary
1.
Peak rate factor (K1) is a critical parameter for determining the shape of hydrograph.
It is used to represent
the effect of watershed storage on hydrograph shape.
High values of K 1 are assigned to watersheds with little
or no storage effects, and low values of K 1 are for
watersheds with significant ponding effects.
2.
The peak rate factor of a watershed can be determined
from the proportion of area under the rising limb of the
time-area curve or by using the adjustment factor obtained from Tables 9-11.
3.
The adjustment of K 1 value should be made based on
natural surface storage rather than watershed slope,
because the effect of watershed slope on hydrograph
shape is normally taken into account when t
calculated.
54
is being
1000
D
I
GIVEN
800
_
S
A
Q
TC
1 .0 SQ.MI
1 .0 IN.
1 .0 HR.
c
H
A
R
G
E
600
_
400
_
200
_
K, - 300
K, = 484
K = 600
I
N
C
r
s
0
0
0.5
1 .5
1
TIME
IN
2.5
HOURS
Figure 9.--Sensitivity of Triangular Unit Hydrograph to K 1
1000
D
I
800
_
600
_
N
400
_
C
F
S
200
_
GIVEN :
S
c
H
A
R
G
E
A =
P «
SCS
CN «
TC «
1.0 SO.MI.
5.0 IN.
TYPE II CMOD.}
80
1 . 5 MRS.
300
484
600
cr>
I
0
_
I
0
5
15
10
TIME
IN
20
HOURS
Figure 10.-- Sensitivity of Runoff Hydrograph to K 1
25
30
4.
Higher K 1 value should be used for future condition if
significant natural depression and ponding areas are
modified by urbanization.
57
SUMMARY
This report has included background information for the SCS
runoff procedures and provided methods for estimating runoff
curve number (CN), the time of concentration (tc), and a peak
rate factor (K1) for different hydrologic conditions.
This
report will help to utilize the SCS runoff procedures properly
and effectively.
The main points of the SCS runoff procedures
can be summarized below:
1.
The accuracy of runoff volume prediction solely relies
on the accuracy of CN which is the only parameter required in the SCS curve number method.
In estimating
CN, the effective impervious area (EIA) method should be
used for urban basins and the ARS method is recommended
for basins whose CN values are affected by water table.
2.
For practical purposes, CN should be estimated based on
the average hydrologic condition (AMC II, 1=0.2S).
The
adjustment of CN is necessary only when an actual storm
is to be evaluated.
3.
The function of tC is to provide the timing of runofr
hydrograph; it has the most influence on hydrograph
shape.
An error in tC estimate will cause errors in
peak discharge (q ), time to peak (t ), and time base
(tb) of hydrograph.
The SCS velocity method is recom-
mended for estimating t .
58
Peak rate factor (K1) is used to account for the effect
of basin storage capacity on hydrograph shape.
The K 1
value of a basin can be determined from the proportion
of area under the rising limb of the time-area curve or
by using the adjustment factor obtained from Tables 911.
In order to obtain a good prediction of runoff
hydrographf it is important to have accurate estimates
of CN, tc, and K 1 .
59
REFERENCES
Alley, W. M. and J. E. Veenhuis, 1983. "Effective Impervious Area
in Urban Runoff Modeling," dQUEn§l_Qf _tbe_Hydr.aulic
Division, ASCE, Vol. 109, pp. 313-319.
Aron, Gert and A. C. Miller, 1977.
"Infiltration Formula Based
on SCS Curve Number," JLQU£nal_of_tiie_Irrigation_and_DEainage
ASCE, Vol. 103, pp. 419-427.
Bondelid, T. R., R. H. McCuen, and T.J. Thomas, 1982.
"Sensitivity of SCS Models to Curve Number Variation," Hater
Besou£Cgs_Bylletin, AWRA, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 111-116.
Capece, J. C. , 1984.
"Estimating Runoff Peak Rates and Volumes
from Flat, High-Water-Table Watersheds," Master of
Engineering Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville,
Florida.
Cronshey, R. G. , 1983. Discussion of "Antecedent Moisture
Condition Probabilities," by D. D. Gray, et. al., Journalôf.
tbe_!ErigatiQn_and_D£ain§ge_Diy.isiQn, ASCE, Vol. 108, pp.
297-299.
Hawkins, R. H. , 1975.
"The Importance of Accurate Curve Numbers
in the Estimation of Storm Runoff," Water _Resou£ces
Bulletin, AWRA, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 887-890.
Hawkins, R. H. 1978.
"Runoff Curve Numbers with Varying Site
Moisture, " aQUEnal_o.£_th,e_lEEigatiQn_an.d_DEainage_Diy.ision,
ASCE, Vol. 105, pp. 389-398.
Hjelmfelt, A. T. , 1980.
"Curve Number Procedure as Infiltration
Method," dQUEDal_of_the_Hy.dEaulics_DiYisiQQ, ASCE, Vol. 106,
pp. 1107-1111.
Hope, A. S. and R. E. Schulze, 1981.
"Improved Estimates of
Stormwater Volume Using the SCS Curve Number Method,"
International Symposium on Rainfall-Runoff Modeling,
Mississippi State University, May 18-21, 1981, pp. 419-427,
Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colorado.
Kibler, D. F. and Gert Aron, 1983.
"Evaluation of T
Methods for
t*
Urban Watersheds," EEQceedings_Q£_th.e_C.on£eEence_on
EEQntieE§_in_HydEaulic_EngingeEing, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 9-12, 1983,
pp. 547-552, ASCE Publications, New York.
60
Konyha, K. D., K. L. Campbell, and L. B. Baldwin, 1982. Runoff
EstimatiQQ_£rQm_Flatt_HlgbrWaterrTaMg_Watgr sheds,
Coordinating Council on the Restoration of the Kissimmee
River Valley and Nubbin Slough Basin, Tallahassee, Florida.
Linsley, R. K., M. A. Kohler, and J. L. H. Paulhus, 1975.
Hy_d.£QlQgy._fQE_Ei3ginggrs, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
McCuen, R. H., 1983.
"A Pragmatic Evaluation of the SCS
Hydrologic Methods," EEQCggding§_Q£_tbe_gp.gcialty._C.Qn£gEencg
Qn_Ady.ancgs_in_lEEiga.tiQn_and_DEainaggi £u.EY.iY.ing_Extgrna.l
EEgssuEgs, Jackson, Wyoming, July 20-22, 1983, pp. 200-207,
ASCE Publications, New York.
McCuen, R. H. and T. R. Bondelid, 1983. "Estimating Unit
Hydrograph Peak Rate Factors," J_QUEna.l_g£_tbe_Irrigation_and
DEainage_DiYisiQQ, ASCE, Vol. 109, pp. 239-250.
Miller, R. A., 1984.
"Rainfall-Runoff Mechanics for Developed
Urban Basins," lDterQatiQnal_§y.mp.QSium_Qn_UEban_HydrQlQgy.i
HydEaulic§_and_Sgdimgnt_ContEQl, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Kentucky.
Mockus, V., 1964. Personnel Communication:
Ferris, Dated March 5, 1964, 6 pp.
Letter to Orrin
Rallison, R. E. and R. C. Cronshey, 1979. Discussion of "Runoff
Curve Number with Varying Site Moisture," by R. H. Hawkins.
aQUEnal_Q£_tbe_lEEigatiQn_and_Drainage_DiYision, ASCE, Vol.
105, pp. 439-441.
Rallison, R. E. and N. Miller, 1981. "Past, Present, and Future
SCS Runoff Procedure," In£gEn§tional_gympQsium_Qn_Rainfa^lBUQo££_MQdgling, Mississippi State University, May 18-21,
1981, pp. 353-364. Water Resources Publications, Littleton,
Colorado.
Soil Conservation Service, 1969. CQfflP.uteE_PEQgEam_fQE_P£Qj.ect
FQEffiulation_Hy.3EQlQgy_, Technical Release No. 20, USDA-SCS,
Washington, D.C.
Soil Conservation Service, 1972. N.atiQna.l_EQginegEing_BandbQOki
Section_4.t_Hyd.EQlogy.. USDA-SCS, Washington, D.C.
Soil Conservation Service, 1975. UEban_HydEQlQgy_fQE_Small
Watersheds., Technical Release No. 55, USDA-SCS, Washington,
D.C.
Soil Conservation Service, 1983. U.Eb,an_By.dEQlogy__£oE_Sffi§ll
WattESbeds (Revised), Technical Release No. 55, USDA-SCS,
Washington, D.C. (Draft)
61
Speir, W. H., W. C. Mills, and J. C. Stephens, 1969. HydtQlogy
Q£_Three_EjcEeriffiental_W§tershgds_in_SQUtliern_FlQ£idar ARS
Publication No. 41-152, USDA-Agricultural Research Service,
Washington, D.C.
Woodward, D. E., P. I. Wells, and H. F. Moody, 1980.
"Coastal
Plans Unit Hydrograph Studies," PrQceedings_of_Na.tional
SymEQsiuro_on_HEb§n_StO£©water_Managginent_in_CQastal_AEeas,
Blacksburg, Virginia, 1980, pp. 99-107, ASCE Publications,
New York.
62
APPENDIX A
RAINFALL_DISTBIBUTIQNS
The intensity of rainfall for a given storm duration is an
important factor for determining hydrologic response.
Storms
having the same magnitude and duration but different intensities
will result in different hydrologic responses.
The rainfall in-
tensity varies considerably within the storm period and from one
region to another region.
For uniformity, the SCS developed two
synthetic 24-hour rainfall distributions from the Weather Bureau
rainfall-frequency data (1, 2, 3).
The Type I distribution is
representative of the maritime climate, including Hawaii, Alaska,
and the coastal side of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains
in California, Oregon, and Washington.
The Type II distribution
represents the remainder of the United States where high runoff
rates are generated from summer thunderstorms.
The
procedure used in developing the SCS rainfall distribu-
tions are described in the SCS TP-149 (4).
In addition to the
Type I and II distributions, the SCS modified the Type II distribution for Florida climate.
This distribution was developed
in the same manner as the SCS Type II distribution, but the data
from HYDRO-35 were used instead of TP-40.
The SCS rainfall dis-
tributions in 30-minute intervals are listed in Table A-l.
The
96-hour rainfall distribution is sometimes required, depending on
the type of problems.
The procedure for determining the rainfall
distribution is explained in the District Applicant's Handbook
for Management and Storage of Surface Waters (5).
A-l
Table A-1. — Ordinates of the SCS 24-Hour Rainfall Distributions
Time
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
Rainfall_RatiQ_lAccuinulated_TQtal/24rHQur_TQtall
0.000
0.008
0.017
0.026
0.035
0.045
0.055
0.065
0.076
0.087
0.099
0.122
0.125
0.140
0.156
0.174
0.194
0.219
0.254
0.303
0.515
0.583
0.624
0.654
0.682
0.705
0.727
0.748
0.767
0.784
0.800
0.816
0.830
0.844
0.857
0.870
0.882
0.893
0.905
0.916
0.926
0.936
0.946
0.955
0.965
0.974
0.983
0.992
1.000
0.000
0.005
0.011
0.017
0.022
0.029
0.035
0.042
0.048
0.056
0.064
0.072
0.080
0.090
0.100
0.110
0.120
0.134
0.147
0.163
0.181
0.204
0.235
0.283
0.663
0.735
0.772
0.799
0.820
0.835
0.850
0.865
0.880
0.889
0.898
0.907
0.916
0.925
0.934
0.943
0.952
0.958
0.964
0.970
0.976
0.982
0.988
0.994
1.000
A- 2
0.000
0.006
0.012
0.018
0.025
0.032
0.039
0.046
0.054
0.062
0.071
0.080
0.089
0.099
0.110
0.122
0.135
0.149
0.164
0.181
0.201
0.226
0.258
0.307
0.606
0.718
0.757
0.785
0.807
0.826
0.842
0.857
0.870
0.882
0.893
0.903
0.913
0.922
0.931
0.939
0.947
0.955
0.962
0.969
0.976
0.983
0.989
0.995
1.000
REFERENCES
1.
Hershfield, D. M., 1966.
"Rainfall Atlas of the United
States," Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 40, U. S.
Dept. of Commerce, Washington, B.C.
2.
Miller, J. F., 1965.
"Two-to-Ten-Day Precipitation for
Return Periods of 2 to 100 Years in the Contiguous
United States," Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 49,
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, B.C.
3.
Frederick, R. H., V. A. Myers, and E. P. Anciello, 1977.
"Five-to-60-Minute Precipitation Frequency for the
Eastern and Central United States," NOAA Technical
Memorandum NWS HYBRO-35, U.S. Bept. of Commerce,
Washington, B.C.
4.
Soil Conservation Service, 1973. "A Method for Estimating
Volume and Rate of Runoff in Small Watersheds,"
Technical Paper No. 149, USBA-SCS, Washington, B.C.
5.
St. Johns River Water Management Bistrict, 1983. Aep.li cant Is
HandbQQk_r_Managgment_and_gtQ£age_Qf_SUEface_V?atgrs,
Palatka, Florida.
A-3
APPENDIX B
HYDBQLQGIC_SQIL,_GRQUP§
This appendix provides a list of soil names and their
hydrologic soil group classification (Table B-l).
These soils
are divided into four groups, Af B, C, or D based on the minimum
rate of infiltration obtained for a bare soil after prolonged
wetting.
The hydrologic soil groups, as defined by the SCS soil
scientists, are:
A.
(Low runoff potential).
Soils having high infiltration rates
even when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of deep,
well to excessively drained sands or gravels.
These soils
have a high rate of water transmission (greater than 0.30
in./hr.).
B.
Soils having moderate infiltration rates when thoroughly
wetted and consisting chiefly of moderately deep to deep,
moderately well to well drained soils with moderately fine to
moderately coarse textures.
These soils have a moderate rate
of water transmission (0.15-0.30 in./hr.).
C.
Soils having slow infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted
and consisting chiefly of soils with a layer that impedes
downward movement of water, or soils with moderately fine to
fine texture.
These soils have a slow rate of water trans-
mission (0.05 - 0.15 in./hr.).
D.
(High runoff potential).
Soils having very slow infiltration
rates when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of clay
soils with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent
high water table, soils with a clay pan or clay layer at or
B-l
Table 3-1—Soil names and hydrologic classifications (1)
AABERG
C
AHL
C
ALMY
B
ANLAUF
ARDOSTOOK
C
AASTAD
B
AHLSTROM
C
ALOHA
C
ANNABELLA
B
AROSA
ABAC
AHMEEK
0
B
ALONSO
B
ANNANDALE
C
ARP
ABAJO
C
AHOLT
D
ALOVAR
C
ANNISTON
B
ARRINGTDN
ABBOTT
AHTANUM
D
C
ALPENA
ANOKA
B
A
ARRITOLA
AoBOTTSTOHN
C
AHHAHNEE
C
ALPHA
C
ANONES
C
ARROLIME
ABCAL
D
AIBON1TO
C
ALPON
ANSARI
B
D
ARRDN
ABEGG
B
A! KEN
B/C ALPONA
B
ANSEL
B
ARROW
ABELA
B
AIKMAN
D
ALPS
C
ANSELMO
A
ARROMSMITH
ABELL
B
AILEY
B
ALSEA
8
ANSON
B
ARROYO SECO
ABERDEEN
AINAKEA
B
ALSPAUGH
D
C
ANTELOPE SPRINGS C
ARTA
ABES
D
AIRMONT
C
ALSTAD
B
ANTERO
C
ARTOIS
ABILENE
AIROTSA
8
C
ALSTOWN
8
ANT FLAT
C
ARVADA
ABINGTON
B
AIRPORT
D
ALTAMONT
D
ANTHO
B
ARVANA
AB1QUA
AITS
B
ALTAVISTA
C
ANTHONY
C
B
ARVESON
ABO
B/C
ALTD'ORF
AJO
C
D
ANT 1 GO
B
ARVILLA
ABOR
D
AKAKA
A
ALTMAR
B
ANTILON
B
ARZELL
ABRA
C
AKASKA
B
ALTO
C
ANT 10 CM
0
ASA
ABRAHAM
B
AKELA
C
ALTOGA
C
ANTLER
C
ASBURY
ABSAROKEi
ALADDIN
C
B
ALTON
B
ANT DINE
C
ASCALON
ABSCOTA
B
ALAE
A
ALTUS
B
ANT RO BUS
B
ASCHOFF
ABSHER
ALAELOA
0
B
ALTVAN
B
ANTY
B
ASHBY
ABSTED
ALAGA
0
A
ALUM
ANVIK
6
B
ASHCROFT
ACACIO
ALAKAI
D
ALUSA
ANHAY
C
D
B
ASHDALE
ACADEMY
ALA MA
B
ANZA
C
AtvTfi
B
B
ASHE
ACAD1A
D
ALAMANCE
B
ALVIRA
ANZIANO
C
C
ASHKUN
ACANA
D
ALAMO
D
ALVISO
D
APACHE
D
ASHLAR
ACASCO
D
ALAMOSA
C
ALVOR
A
C
APAKUIE
ASHLEY
B
ALAPAHA
ACEITUNAS
D
AMADOR
D
APISHAPA
C
ASH SPRINGS
AC EL
ALAPAI
A
D
AMAGON
APISON
D
B
ASHTON
ACKER
ALBAN
B
B
APOPKA
A
AHALU
D
ASHUE
ACKMEN
D
AHA NA
6
ALBANO
APPIAN
B
C
ASHUELOT
ACME
ALBANY
C
AMARGOSA
APPLEGATE
C
D
C
ASHHOOD
ALBATON
D
AMARILLO
ACC
B
B
APPLE TON
C
ASKEN
ACOLITA
B
ALBEE
AMASA
C
B
B
APPLING
ASO
ACOMA
B
AMBERS
ON
C
ALBEMARLE
APRON
B
AS3TIN
ACOVE
AMBOY
C
ALBERTVILLE
C
APT
C
C
ASPEN
ACREfc
ALBIA
C
AMBRAN
B
C
C
APTAKISIC
ASPERNONT
ARABY
ACRELANE
ALBION
B
A
C
AMEDEE
ASSINNIBOINE
ACTON
C
ARADA
6
ALBRIGHTS
AMELIA
B
C
ASSUMPTION
ACUFF
B
C
AMENIA
ARANSAS
ALCALDE
B
D
ASTATULA
ACHORTH
B
A RAP 1 EN
B
ALCESTER
AMERICUS
A
C
ASTOR
ACY
ALCOA
B
C
AMES
C
ARAVE
0
ASTORIA
ALCONA
B
ADA
B
AMESHA
B
ARAVETON
B
ATASCADERO
ADA I R
ALCOVA
B
AMHERST
ARBELA
D
C
C
ATASCOSA
ADAMS
ALDA
A
C
AMITY
ARBONE
B
C
ATCO
ADAMSON
ALDAX
B
ARBOR
"B
D
AMMON
8
ATENCIO
AOAMSTOHN
ALDEN
0
A MOLE
C
ARBUCKLE
'B
A'TEPIC
ARCATA
ADAMSVILLE
ALDER
B
AMOR
C
B
B
ATHELWOLD
ADA TON
ALDERDALE
C
ARCH
B
D
AMOS
C
ATHENA
AOAVEN
D
ALDfcRHOOD
C
AMSDEN
B
ARCHABAL
B
ATHENS
ALBINO
C
AMSTERDAM
ARCHER
ADDIELOU
B
C
C
ATHERLY
A DO I SON
D
ALOHELL
C
AMTOFT
ARCH IN
D
C
ATHERTON
ADDY
ALEKNAG1K
8
AMY
ARCO
C
D
B
ATHHAR
AOE
A
ALEMEDA
C
ANACAPA
ARCOLA •
B
C
ATHOL
ALEX
•ADEL
A
B
ANAHUAC
D
ARD
C
ATKINSON
ADELAIDE
ALEXANDRIA
C
0
ANA MITE
D
AROEN
B
ATLAS
AOELANTU
B
ALEXIS
8
ANAPRA
B
B
ARDENVOIR
ATLEE
ARBILLA
ADELINO
B
8
ALFOKD
ANASAZI
8
C
ATKDRE
ADELPHIA
C
ALGANSEE
B
ANATONE
B
D
AREOALE
AT3KA
ADENA
AN. VERDE
ALGERITA
B
ARENA
C
8
C
ATON
ADGER
0
ALGIERS
C/D ANA HALT
A
D
ARENALES
ATRYPA
AOIL1S
ALGOMA
B/D ANCHO
A
B
B
ARENDTSVILLE
ATS I ON
ADIRONDACK
ALHAMBRA
B
ARENOSA
ANCHORAGE
A
A
ATTERBERRV
A01V
B
ALICE
A
ANCHOR BAY
D
ARENZVILLE
B
ATTEHAN
ALICEL
B
ADJUNTAS
C
D
ANCHOR POINT
D
ARGONAUT
ATTICA
ADK1NS
ALICJA
ANCLOTE
B
8
D
ARGUELLO
B
ATTLEBORO
ADLER
ALIDA
B
C
ANCO
ARGYL E
B
C
ATHATER
ADOLPH
ALIKCHI
ANDERLY
0
B
C
ARIEL
C
ATHELL
ADRIAN
A/D ALINE
A
ANDERS
C
ARIZO
A
ATHOOD
ALKO
AENEAS
B
D
ANDERSON
B
ARKABUTLA
C
AUBBEENAUBBEE
AETNA
ALLAGASH
B
B
ARKPORT
ANDES
C
B
AUBERRY
AFTON
ALLARD
B
ANDORINIA
D
ARLAND
C
B
AUBURN
AGAR
ALLEGHENY
B
B
A RLE
AND OVER
D
8
AUBURNDALE
AGASSIZ
D
0
ANDREEN
ALLEMANOS
8
A RUNG
D
AUDI AN
AGATE
ANOREESON
D
ALLEN
8
C
ARLINGTON
C
AU GRES
AGAHAM
B
ALLENOALE
C
B
ARJ.OVAL
ANORES
C
AUGSBURG
AGENCY
C
ALLENS PARK
B
ANDREWS
ARMAGH
C
0
AUGUSTA
AGER
D
ALLENSVILLE
C
ANED
D
ARMIJO
D
AULD
ALLENTINE
AGNER
B
D
ANETH
A
ARMINGTON
D
AURA
AGNEH
B/C ALLENHOOD
B
ANGELICA
ARMO
D
B
AUKORt
AGNOS
B
ALLESSIO
B
ANGELINA
B/0 ARMOUR
B
AUSTIN
AGUA
ALLEY
8
C
ANGELO
C
ARMSTER
C
AUSTWELL
AGUAOILLA
A
ALLIANCE
B
ANGIE
C
ARMSTRONG
D
AUXVASSE
AGUA DULCS
C
ALLIGATOR
D
A
ANGLE
ARMUCHEE
»
Auzaui
AGUA FR1A
B
ALL IS
D
ANGLCN
B
ARNEGARD
B
AVA
AGUALT
B
ALLISON
C
ANGOLA
ARNHART
C
C
AVALANCHE
AGUEOA
8
ALLOUEZ
C
ANGOSTURA
B
ARNHEIM
C
AVALON
AGUlLITA
ALLONAY
B
ANHALT
ARNO
D
AVERY
0
AGUIRRE
B
0
ALMAC
ANIAK
D
ARNOLD
8
AVON
A6USTIN
ALMENA
B
C
ANITA
ARNOT
D
C/D
AVONBURG
AHATONE
D
ALMONT
D
ARNY
ANKENY
A
A
AVONDALE
Ha'res
& 6.LANK HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT BEEN DETER Nl NED
TWO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE DRAINED/UNDRAINED SITUATION
B-2
C
C
8
D
C
D
B
B
B
C
C
D
C
D
B
C
8
B
B
B
C
B
B
B
C
B
A
C
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
B
B
B
B
A
A/D
g
C
D
B
B
D
B
B
B
B
B/D
C
B
B
0
C
B/D
C
B
C
C
B
A
B
B
C/D
B
B
B
C/D
0
B
C
8
C
D
B
C
C
0
0
B
C
B
B
6
C
D
E
Table B-i—Continued
AUBREY
AXTELL
AYAR
AYCOCK
ATOM
AYR
AYRES
AYRSHIRE
AYSEES
AZAAR
AZARMAN
AZELTINE
AZFIELD
AZTALAN
AZTEC
AZULE
AZHELL
D
0
0
B
B
B
0
C
B
C
C
8
B
B
B
C
B
BARKER
BARKERVILLE
BARKLEY
BARLANE
BARLING
BARLOM
BARNARD
BARNES
6ARNESTON
BARNEY
EARNHARDT
BARNSTEAD
BARNUM
BARRADA
BARRETT
BARRINGTON
BARRON
BARRONETT
A
BABB
BARROWS
BARRY
BABBINGTON
B
BARSTOW
C
8ABCOCK
A
BARTH
BABYLON
BACA
C
BARTINE
BACH
0
BARTLE
C
BARTLEY
8ACMUS
A
BACKBONE
BARTON
A
BARTONFLAT
6ACULAN
8AOENAUGH
8
8ARVON
BASCOM
C
BADGER
B
BASEHOR
BADGERTON
0
BASHAW
BAOO
BASHER
C
BADUS
C
BASILE
BAGARO
BAGDAD
B
BASIN
D
BASINGER
BAGGQTT
B
BASKET
BAGLEY
BAHEM
B
BASS
D
BAILE
BASSEL
C
BASSETT
BAINV1LLE
BAlRO HOLLOW
C
9ASSFIELD
D
BAJURA
BASSL&R
0
BASTIAN
BAKEOVEN
C
BASTROP
BAKER
BATA
BAKER PASS
A
BATAV1A
BALAAM
BALCH
D
BATES
B
BATH
BALCDM
BATTERSON
C
BALO
C
BATTLE CREEK
BALDER
B/C BATZA
6ALDOCK
BALDWIN
0
BAUDETTE
B
BALOY
BAUER
BAUGH
C
BALE
8
BAXTER
BALLARO
D
BAXTERVILLE
6ALLER
C
BAYAHON
6ALL1NGER
B/C BAYARD
bALM
B/C BAYBORO
BALKAN
BALON
B
BAYERTON
BALTIC
D
BAYLOR
BALTIMORE
B
BAYSHORE
D
BAYSIOE
8ALTU
B
BAYUCOS
BAMBER
BAMFORTH
B
BAYWOOD
B
BAZETTE
BANCAS
8
BAZILE
BANCROFT
B
bEAD
BANDERA
C
BANGO
BEADLE
B
BEALES
BANGOR
BANGSTON
A
BEAR BASIN
BEAR CREEK
A
BANKARC
A
BEAROALL
BANKS
BEAROEN
BANNER
C
BEARDSTOWN
BANNERV1LLE
BANNOCK
B
BEAR LAKE
BEARMCUTH
D
BAN8UETE
bARABOQ
B
BEARPAH
SAKAGA
C
BEAR PRAIRIE
BARBARY
0
BcARSKIN
bARBOUR
B
BEASLEY
B
BARBOURVILLE
BtASON
BARCLAY
BEATON
C
B
BEATTY
BARCO
6
BEAUCOUP .
BARCUS
BtAUFORD
0
BARD
C
BEAUMONT
BAKCtN
BtAUREGARD
BAaDLt»
C
BARELA
C
BEAUSITE
D
BARF I ELL)
BEAUVAIS
a
BEAVERTUN
BARFUSS
bAKGc
c
BECK
c
BAR1SHMAN
BECKER
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC
NJTtS
TMO SJIL GROUPS SUCH AS
a
c/o
C
C
8
D
C
B
D
B
B
A
B
B
D
D
B
B
C
D
D
B
C
C
D
C
8
B
C
B
0
0
8
D
C
C
c
A
B
B
B
D
0
B
A
B
B
C
D
C
D
B
C
B/C
B
B
B
A
D
C
D
B/C
C
0
A
C
B
C
C
A
B
C
C
C
C
D
A
B
B
D
C
C
C
C
B
D
D
C
B
B
A
C
B
SOIL
B/C
BECKET
D
8LACKROCK
C
BERRENDOS
BECKLEY
BERRYLAND
D
B
BLACKSTON
8ECKTON
D
BERTELSON
B
BLACKTAIL
BECKHITH
BERTHOUD
B
C
BLACKWAT6R
BECKWOURTH
BERTIE
C
B
BLACKKELL
BECREEK
B
8ERTOLOTTI
8
BLADEN
BEDFORD
BERTRANO
B
C
BLAGD
8ED1NGTON
B
D
BERVILLE
BLAINE
BEONER
B
BERYL
BLAIR
C
BEEBE
A
BESSEMER
B
BLAIRTDN
BETHANY
8EECHER
C
C
BLAKE
BEECHY
BLAKELAND
BETHEL
0
B
BETTERAVIA
C
BLAKENEY
BEEHIVE
BEEK
B
C
BETTS
BLAKEPDRT
BLALOCK
6EENOM
BEULAH
B
D
BEEZAR
BEVENT
B
B
BLAME*
BEVERLY
BE GAY
B
B
BLANCA
BEGOSHIAN
C
B EM
0
BLANCHARD
B
BEHANIN
B
BcWLEYVILLE
BLANCHESTER
BEHEHOTOSH
B
BEMLIN
D
BLAND
BEXAR
C
BEHRING
0
BLANDFORD
D
BEZZANT
B
BUNDING
BEIRMAN
BEJUCOS
B
BIBB
B/D BLANEY
BIBON
A
BLANKET
BELCHER
D
BELDtN
BICKELTON
B
D
BLA4TON
B1CKLETON
BLANYON
BELDING
B
C
BICKMORE
C
BLASOELL
BELEN
C
BICONOOA
BELFAST
C
B
BLASINGAME
BELFIELO
D
B
B I DOE FORD
BLAZON
BIDDLEMAN
C
BELFORE
B
BLENCOE
8IDMAN
C
BELGRADE
B
BLEND
B
D
BICMELL
BLENDON
BELINDA
D
BELKNAP
BIE8ER
BLETHEN
C
A
BELLAMY
BIENVILLE
BLEVINS
C
D
BELLAV1STA
D
BIG BLUE
BLEVINTON
A
BLICHTON
BELLE
B
8 1 GEL
B I GEL OH
C
BLISS
BELLEFONTAINE
B I GETTY
C
BLOCKTON
BELLICUM
B
BLODGETT
A
BELLINGHAM
BIGGS
C
B
BELLPINE
C
BIGGSVILLE
BLOMFORD
BLDOM
BIG HORN
C
BELMONT
B
B
BLQOHFIELO
B
BIGNELL
BEL MORE
D
BELT
BIG TIMBER
BLOOMING
D
BIGKIN
D
BELTED
D
BLOOR
A
BLOSSOM
BELTON
C
BIJOU
A
BILLETT
BLOUNT
6ELTRAMI
B
BELTSV1LLE
BILLINGS
C
BLOUNTVILLE
C
B
BELUGA
D
B1NDLE
BLUCHER
B
BINFORD
BLUEBELL
BELVOIR
C
B
BLUE EARTH
BINGHAM
BENCLARE
C
D
BLUEJOINT
BENEVOLA
B1NNSVILLE
C
B
BENEKAH
BINS
BLUE LAKE
C
BENFIRLD
BINTON
C
BLUEPOINT
C
B
B
BIPPUS
BLUE STAR
BENGE
A
BIRCH
BLUEMING
BEN HUR
B
BENIN
0
B1RCHUODD
C
BLUFFDALE
B
BENITO
BIRDOK
BLUFFTON
D
C
BLUFCRO
BENJAMIN
D
BIRDS
D
" 8LY
BEN LOMOND
B
BIRDS ALL
BLYTHE
B
BIRDS BO RO
BENMAN
A
BIRDSLEY
D
BENNOALE
B
BDARDTREE
B1RKBECK
B
B3BS
BENNETT
C
A
BOBTAIL
BENNINGTON
D
BISBEE
BOCK
BISCAY
C
BENOJT
D
BENSON
C/D BISHOP
B/C BDDELL
B
BISPING
B09ENBURG
BENTEEN
B
B
BENTONVILLE
BISSELL
BODINE
C
C
BENZ
D
BISTI
B3EL
D
BEOTIA
BIT
BOELUS
B
A
BEOWAKE
BITTERON
B3ESEL
D
C
BERCAIL
BITTERROOT
B3ETTCHER
C
BERDA
C
BQSAN
B
BITTER SPRING
8
BOJART
BEREA
BITTON
C
B1XBY
B
B
BOGUE
BERENICETON
BERENT
BJQRK
C
BOHANNDN
A
BLACKLY
C
BOHEMIAN
BERGLANO
D
B
B3ISTFORT
BERGSTROH
BLACKBURN
6
BERINO
C
BOLAR
B
BLACK BUTTE
BERKELEY
BLACK CANYON
D
BOLD
A
BLACKCAP
BOLES
BERKS
C
B
BERKSHIRE
BLACK ETT
BOLIVAR
8
BERLIN
BLACK FOOT
B/C BOLIVIA
C
BERMESA
D
BOLTON
9LACKHALL
C
D
BLACKHArfK
B3M8AY
BERMUOIAN
B
BLACKLEiF
B
bERNAL
BON
D
BLACKLEED
A
BERNALDU
B
BONACCDRO
BLACKLOCK
D
BERNARD
0
B3VAPARTE
BERNARDINO
BLACKMAN
C
C
BOND
BLACK MOUNTAIN
D
BOND RANCH
BERNARDS! ON
C
BLACK OAR
BERNHILL
B
C
BONDURANT
BERNICE
A
BLACKPIPE
C
BJME
BLACK RIDGE
0
BEKNING
C
BONG
GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT 3 E E V DETERMINED
INDICATES THS OR AI NED/UNDRAINED SITUATID1
NEH Notice U-102, August 1972
B-3
B
B
B
0
B/D
D
D
B
C
C
C
A
C
B
D
C
8
A
B/D
C
C
B
B
C
A
C
A
C
0
c
D
B
B
B
B/D
D
0
C
A
8
C
A
B
D
C
C
e
c
c
D
B
A
B
B
B
C
D
D
B
D
C
D"
B
B
D
B
B
A
A
e
c
c
B
0
c
e
c
c
B
C
B
B
B
8
B
D
A
D
D
B
D
B
Table B-1—Continued
BONHAM
C
BRANDON
B
BROOKLYN
0
BUSTER
C
CAMPSPASS
BONIFAY
A
BRANDYNINE
C
BROOKS IDE
C
BUTANO
C
CAMPUS
BONILLA
B
8RANFORD
e
BROOKSTON
B/D BUTLER
D
CAMRODEN
BONITA
D
BRANTFORD
B
BROOKSVILLE
D
BUTLERTONN
C
CANA
BONN
0
BRANYON
0
BROOMFIELD
0
BUTTE
C
CANAAN
BONNER
BRA SHEAR
B
BROSELEY
C
8
CANADIAN
BUTTERFIELD
C
BONNET
B
BRASSFIELD
B
BROSS
B
BUTTON
C
CAKADICE
BONNEVILLE
B
B RAT TON
e
8ROUGHTON
0
BUXIN
D
CANANDAIGUA
BONNICK
A
BRA VANE
D
BROWARD
C
BUXTON
C
CANASERAGA
BONNIE
0
BRAXTON
C
BROW NELL
B
BYARS
D
CANAVERAL
BONO
D
B/D BROWNf IELD
BYNUM
BRAYMLL
A
C
CANBUHN
BONSALL
0
BRAYS
D
8ROWNLEE
B
BYRON
A
CANDELERO
BONTA
C
BRAY TON
BROYLES
C
B
CANE
BONTI
C
BRAZ1TO
A
BRUCE
0
CABAL LO
B
CANEADEA
BOOKER
D
BRAZOS
A
BRUFFY
C
CABARTON
D
CASEEK
BOOKER
B
BREA
B
BRUIN
C
CABBA
C
CANEL
BOONE
A
BRECKENRIDGE
D
BRUNEEL
CABBART
B/C
D
CANELO
BOONES80RQ
B
BRECKNOCK
e
BRUNO
A
CABEZON
D
CASEY
BOONTON
C
BREECE
B
BRUNT
C
CABIN
C
CANEYVILLE
BOOTH
BREGAR
C
BRUSH
D
CABINET
C
CANEZ
60RACHO
BREMEN
C
B
BRUSSETT
B
CABLE
D
CANFIELD
BORAH
BREMER
A/C
B
BRYAN
A
CABO ROJO
C
CANISTEO
B3ROA
D
BREMO
C
BRYCAN
B
CABOT
D
CAMNINGER
BORDEAUX
B
BREHS
A
D
BRYCE
CACAPON
B
CA«NQN
BORDEN
B
BRENOA
C
BUCAN
0
CACHE
D
CA«OE
BORDER
B
BRENNAN
B
BUCHANAN
C
CACIQUE
C
CANONCITO
BORNSTEDT
C
BRENNER
c/o BUCHENAU
C
CADCO
D
CAKDVA
BORREGO
BRENT
C
BUCHER
C
C
CADEVILLE
D
CANTALA
BORUP
6
BRENTON
e
BUCKHOUSE
A
CADMUS
B
CANTON
BQRVANT
D
BRENTMOOD
B
BUCKINGHAM
CADOMA
0
CA1TRIL
BORZA
C
BRESSER
CADOR
B
6UCKLAND
C
C
CANTUA
BOSANKO
0
BREVARD
8
BUCKLE BAR
B
CAGEY
CANUTIO
C
60SCO
B
BREVORT
BUCKLEY
B
B/C CAGUABO
D
CANYON
BREWER
BOSKET
B
BUCKLON
C
0
CAGMIN
B
CAPAC
BOSLER
B
BREUSTER
A
CAHABA
0
BUCKNER
CAPAY
B
BO'SBUE
B
BREHTON
BUCKNEY
C
A
CAHILL
B
CAPE
BOSS
D
BUCKS
8RICKEL
C
B
CAHONE
C
CAPE FEAR
BOSTJN
C
BRICKTON
BUCKSKIN
C
C
CAHTO
C
CAPERS
BOSTWICK
B
BRIDGE
BUCODA
CAID
C
C
B
CAPILLO
BRIDGE- HAMPTON
B3SNELL
0
B
BUOD
B
CAIRO
D
CAPLES
60SNORTH
0
BRIDGEPORT
C
B
6UDE
CAJALCO
CAPPS
C
B
60TELLA
BR1DGER
A
B
CAJON
BUELL
A
CAPSHAW
BOTHKELL
C
BRIDGE SON
B/C
B
CALABAR
BUENA VISTA
D
CAPULIN
BOTTINEAU
BRIDGET
8
C
8
BUFF1NGTON
CALABASAS
B
CAPUTA
A
BOTTLE
BRIOGEV1LLE
BUFFHEYER
B
8
CALAIS
C
CA»ACO
BOULDER
B
BUFF PEAK
BRIOGPORT
8
C
CAHAUMPI
CALAMINE
D
EOULOER LAKE
D
8
BUICK
BRIEDWELL
C
CALAPOOYA
CASBD
C
BOULDER POINT
B
BRIEF
8
8UIST
B
CALAWAH
B
CARBOL
80ULFLAT
0
BRIENSBURG
BUKREEK
B
CALCO
C
CARBONDALEBOURNE
C
BRIGGS
A
BULLION
D
CALDER
D
CA*BU*Y
SON
C
BR1GGSOALE
C
BULLREY
B
CALDHELL
B
ÂRCITY
BOWBAC
C
BRIGGSVILLE
C
B
BULL RUN
CALEAST
CARDIFF
C
BOXBELLS '
B
A/D BULL TRAIL
BRIGHTON
B
CALEB
B
CAtDINGTON
60KCOIN
D
BRIGHTMOOD
C
BULLY
B
CALERA
C
CAftDON
BOKORE
C
BRILL
BUMGARD
B
B
CALHI
A
CAREY
BOHERS
BRIM
C
BUNCOMBE
A
C
CALHOUN
D
CAtEY LAKE
BOWIE
B
BxIMF-IELD
B
CALICO
C/P BUNDO
0
CAAEYTOMN
;
B/0 BRIHLEY
BOWMAN
B
BUNDYHAN
C
CALIFON
CARGILL
C
BRINEGAR
BOWMANSVILLE
B
BUNEJUG
C
CALIMUS
B
CAAIBE
80XELOER
C
BUNKER
BRINKERT
C
D
CALITA
B
CARIBEL
BJXWELL
C
BRINKERTON
D
BUNSELMEIER
C
CALIZA
B
CARIBOU
BOY
A
BRISCOT
B
BUNTINGVILLE
B/C CALKINS
C
CA*LIN
63YCE
B/D
BRITE
C
8UNYAN
8
CALLABO
C
CARLINTON
BOYD
0
BRI TTON
BUR BANK
A
C
CALLAHAN
C
CARLISLE
BR1ZAM
BOYER
B
BURCH
A
B
CALLEGUAS
0
CARLOTTA
BROAD
BURCHARO
BOYNTON
C
B
CALLINGS
C
CARLOW
BOYSAG
BROAOALBIN
D
C
BURCHELL
B/C CALL OKAY
C
CARLSBAD
BOYSEN
BROADAX
D
BURDETT
CALMAR
B
C
B
CARLSBORG
BROADBROOK
BOZARTH
C
C
BUR EN
C
CALNEVA
C
CARLSON
BOZE
B
BROAD CANYON
B
BURGESS
C
CALOUSE
B
CARLT3N
SOZEMAN
A
BROADHEAD
BURG I
C
B
C ALPINE
CARMI
B
BROAOHURST
BRACEV1LLE
C
D
6URGIN
D
CALVERT
D
CARNASAU
BRACKEN
D
BROCK
D
BURKE
C
CALVERTON
C
CARNEGIE
BRACKETT
C
BROCKLISS
C
BURKHARDT
B
CALVIN
C
CARNERO
BRAD
BURLE1GH
0
BROCKMAN
C
D
CALVISTA
0
CARNEY
BRADOOCK
C
BROCKO
8
BURL ES ON
D
CAM
B
CAROLINE
BRAOENTON
8/0
CA1R
BROCKPORT
0
BURLINGTON
A
CAMAGUEY
D
BRADER
D
BURMA
BROCKTON
D
CAMARGO
B
CARRISALITOS
BRADFORD
B
BROCKMAY
B
BURMESTER
D
CAHARILLQ
B/C
DARRIZO
SRAOSHAW
BRODV
e
C
BURN AC
C
A
CAMAS
CARSITAS
B>.AD«.AY
0
BROE
B
BURNETTE
B
CAMAS CREEK
B/3
CAKSLEY
BRADY
B
BROGAN
B
BURNHAM
CAM6ERN
D
C
CARSO
6RADYV1LLE
C
BROGDON
B
BURNSIOE
B
CAMBRIDGE
C
CARS3N
BRA HAM
B
BROLLIAR
0
BURNSVILLE
B
CAMCEN
B
CA^STAIRS
BRA I NERO
B
BROMO
B
BURNT LAKE
B
CAMERON
D
CA3STUMP
&RAILIER
0
BRONAUGH
B
BURRIS
0
CAMILLUS
B
CA*T
SAAM
B
BRONCHO
CAMP
B
BURT
D
B
CARTAGENA
SRAMARO
BRONSCN
B
8
BURTON
B
CAMPBELL
B/C
CARTECAY
BRAMBLE
C
BRONTE
BUSE
B
C
CAMPHORA
B
CARUSO
8AAMWELL
C
BROOKE
CAMPIA
C
BUSH
B
B
CARUTHERSVILLE
BRAND
D
oRGOKFIELO
B
BUSHNELL
C
CAMPO
C
CARVER
BRANDENBURG
A
BRCOKINGS
B
BUSHVALLEY
D
CAMPONE
CARWILE
B/C
NOTES
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED
TNO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE ORAI NtD/UNDRAINEO SITUATI3*
NEH Notice 14-102, August 1972
B-4
C
B
C
C
C/D
B
D
D
C
C
D
C
C
D
B
B
D
C
C
B
C
C
D
8
B
B
B/D
B
B
B
B
B
D
B
D
D
0
D
C
C
B
C
B
C
C
B
-C
D
0
8
D
B
C
D
B
B
D
C
B
B
B 0
B
A/0
B
D
C
A
C
B
B
C
C
C
D
C
B
D
A
A
C
D
D
B
C
B
D
C
C
B
A
D
Table B-l—Continued
CARYVILLE
CASA GRANDE
CASCADE
CASCAJO
CASCILLA
CASCO
CASE
CASEBIER
B
C
C
B
8
B
B
D
C
C
0
B
B
A
0
B
B
A
CENTRAL POINT
CERE SCO
CERRILLOS
CERRO
CHACRA
CHAFFEE
CNAGRIN
CHAIX
;ASEY
CHALFONT
;ASHEL
CHALMERS
CHAM A
:ASHION
CASHMERE
CHAMBER
CHAMBERINO
CASHMONT
CHAMISE
CASINO
CHAMOKANE
CASITO
CHAM WON
CASPAR
CASPIANA
CHANCE
CHANDLER
CASS
CHANEY
CASSAOACA
CHANNAHON
CASSIA
C
CHANNIN6
CASS IRQ
C
CHANT*
CASSOLARV
B
CHANTIER
CASSVILLE
CHAPIN
CASTAIC
C
CAST ALIA
C
CHAPMAN
CASTANA
B
CHAPPELL
CASTELL
C
CHARO
B
CHAR60
CASTILE
CASTINO
CHAR 1 TON
C
CHARITY
CASTLE
0
CHARLEBOIS
0
CASTLEVALE
CHARLESTON
CASTNEft
C
CHARLEVOIX
CASTO
C
CHARLOS
CASTRO
C
8
CHARLOTTE
CASTROV1LLE
CHARLTON
0
CASUSE
D
CHASE
CASWELL
CHASEBURG
B
CATALINA
CATALPA
C
CHASEVILLE
CHASKA
CATANO
A
CHASTAIN
0
CATARINA
CATAULA
CKATBURN
C
CATAMBA
B
CHATFIELO
0
CHATHAM
CATH
CHATSMORTH
CATMCART
C
CHAUNCEY
D
CATHEDRAL
B/0 CHAV1ES
CATHERINE
0
CHAMANAKEE
CATHRO
C/0 CHEAOLE
CATLETT
CHECKETT
B
CATLIN
CHEOEHAP
CATNIP
0
CHEEKTOHAGA
C
CATOCTIN
B
CHEESEMAN
CATOOSA
CHEHALEM
A
CATSKILL
C
CHEHALIS
CATTARAUGUS
CHEHULPUM
CAUDLE
B
CHE LAN
CAVAL
B
CHELSEA
0
CAVE
0
CHE MA MA
CAVtLT
A
CHEMUNG
CAVE ROCK
CHEN
CAVO
0
CHE NA
CAVQOfc
C
CAVOUR
0
CHENANGO
CHENEY
B
CAWKER
CHENNEBY
C
CAYAGUA
CHENOWETH
CAYLOR
B
CHEOUEST
CAYUGA
C
CAZADERO
C
CHEREETE
CHE R 1 ONI
CAZADOR
B
B
CHEROKEE
CAZENOVIA
CHERRY
CEBOLIA
C
CHERRYHILL
CEBONE
C
B
CHERRY SPRINGS
CECIL
a CHESAM
CEOA
0
CHESHIRE
CEOARAN
CHESHNINA
CEDAR 8UTTE
c
CHESNIMNUS
tE DAK EDGE
B
CEDAR MOUNTAIN
0
CHESTER
a
CEDARV1LLE
CHESTERTON
CfcOQNIA
a
CHETCO
C/B CHETEK
CEORON
a
CHEVEiON
CELAYA
CHEWACLA
0
CELETON
c CHENELAH
CELINA
A/i CHEYENNE
CELIO
CHIARA
CELLAR
0
CHICKASHA
CENCOVE
a
CH1COPEE
CENTER
c
8
CENTER CREEK
CHICOTE
CHIGLEY
B
CENTERFIELD
CHILCCTT
D
CENTERVILLE
a
CENTRALIA
CHI LOS
NJTES
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC
T»0 SOIL CROUPS SUCH AS
B
A
B
C
C
C
B
B
C
C
B
C
C
B
B
B
B/D
B
C
B
B
B
D
C
CHILGREN
CHILHOHIE
CHILI
CHILKAT
CHILLICOTHE
CMILLISOUA9UE
CHILLUM
CHILMARK
CHILD
CHILOOUIN
CHILSON
CHILTON
CHI MAYO
CHIMNEY
CHINA CREEK
CHINCH ALL D
CHINIAK
CHI NO
CHINOOK
CHIPETA
CHIPLEY
CHIPMAN
CHIPPENY
CHIPPEHA
CHI QUITO
CHIRICAHUA
CHI SPA
CHITINA
C
C
8
C
C
CLARESON
COKEDALE
C
CLAREVILLE
COKEL
C
COKER
CLARINOA
0
CLARION
B
COKESBURY
CLARITA
D
COKEVILLE
CLARK
COLBATH
B
B
A
CLARK FORK
COLBERT
B
CLARKSBURG
COLBURN
C
COLBY
B/D CLARKSDALE
C
CLARK SON
COLCHESTER
B
B
D
CLARKSVILLE
B
COLOCREEK
CLARNO
COLDEN
B
B
0
CLARY
B
COLD SPRINSS
B
CLATO
B
COLE
COLEBROOK
B
CLATSOP
D
COLEM4N
B/D CLAVERACK
C
A
CLAM SON
COLEMANTOWN
C
B
CDLETD
B/C CLAYBURN
COLFAX
B
CLAY SPRINGS
D
COLIBRO
D
CLAYTON
B
C
C
COL I NAS
CLEARFIELO
CLEAR LAKE
D
COLLAMER
D
COLLARD
D
CLEEK
C
COLLBRAN
B/0 CLE ELUM
COLLEEN
C/D CLEGG
B
D
CLEMAN
COLLEGIATE
CLEMS
COLLETT
B
B
COLLIER
C
B
CLEMVILLE
COLLINGTON
0
CHITTENDEN
C
CLEORA
COLLINS
0
CH1THOOD
C
CLERF
CLERHONT
COLLINSTON
C
CHI VAT 0
D
COLLINSVILLE
CLEVERLY
c CHI HAM A
B
COLHA
CLICK
B
CHO
C
COLMOR
D
CLIFFDOHN
B
A
CHOBEE
COLO
A/D CHOCK
8/0 CLIFFHOUSE
C
C3LOCKUM
CLIFFORD
B
B
CHOCOLOCCO
B
CLIFF WOOD
COLOMA
CHOPA4A
C
C
'C
B
CLIFTERSON
COLOMBO
CHOPTANK
A
B
COLON*
CLIFTON
C
A
CHOPTIE
0
B
COLON! E
B
CLIFTY
C
CHORALMONT
COLORADO
CLIKARA
D
CHOSKA
B
0
CLIMAX
0
COLOROCK
B
CHOTEAU
C
COLQSO
C
CHRISTIAN
C
CLIHE
C
B
CHRISTIANA
B
CLINTON
B
CDLOSSE
CHRISTIANBURG
0
CLIPPER
B/C COLP
D
CHRISTY
D
COLRAIN
B
CLOOINE
C
CtONTAILF
COLTON
B
8
CHROME
C
CLOQUALLUM
COLTS NECK
CHUALAR
B
C
C
B
COLUMBIA
C
CLOQUATO
C
CHUBBS
CLOQUET
B
COLUMBINE
0
CHUCKAMALLA
B
COLUSA
B
D
B
CHUGTER
CLOUD
CLOUDCROFT
D
COLVILLE
0
CHULITNA
B
C3LVIN
CHUMMY
C/0 CLOUD PEAK
C
C
COLKOOD
CHUMSTICK
C
CLOUD RIM
B
C
COLY
CHUPADERA
CLOUGH
0
B
C
COLYER
D
D
CHURCH
D
CLOVERDALE
3
CLOVER SPRINGS
CONER
B
CHURCHILL
0
D
CLOV I S
B
COMERIO
A
CHURCHVILLE
COHETA
B
C
B
CHURN
CLUFF
CHURNOASHER
COMFREY
B
CLUNIE
D
D
A
CLURDE
C
CONITAS
CHUTE
CDHLY
A
D
CLURO
C
CIALES
COMMERCE
A
CIBEQUE
B
CLYDE
0
COMO
B
B
CIBO
0
CLYMER
COACHELLA
CIBOLA
B
B
COMODORE
C
B
COMORO
B
CICERO
D
COAD
C
C
COAL CREEK
D
COHPTCHE
C I ORAL
A
CIENEBA
C
COALMONT
C
COMPTON
CIMA
COHSTOCK
D
C
COAMO
C
CIMARRON
C
COARSE GOLD
D
B/C COHUS
COATICQOK
CDNALB
C
CINCINNATI
C
C
CONANT
A
COATS BURG
B
CINCO
D
B
B
CONASAUGA
C
CINDERCONE
COBB
CONATA
A
C1NEBAR
B
COBEN
0
CONBOY
B
B
CINTRONA
D
COBEY
C1PRUNU
C
CONCHAS
C
D
COBURG
COUH3
B
COCHETOPA
C
CIRCLE
C
A
CONCONULLY
B
COCOA
C1RCLEVILLE
C
COCO L ALL A
CONCORD
C
0
C
CISNE
0
A
c
CONCREEK
CISPUS
CJDOKUS
CONDA
B
A
CITICO
B
CODY
CONDIT
C
C
COE
A
CLACKAMAS
COt BURN
CONDON
C LA I BORNE
B
C
C
COtROCK
A
D
CONE
B
CLAIRE
CONE JO
CLAIRE MONT
B
COFF
D
B
COFFE6K
0
CLALLAM
C
B
CONESTOGA
CLAM GULCH
D
COGGCN
B
B
CONESUS
CLAMO
CGNGAtEE
a
C
COGS* ELL
C
CLANTDN
C
COHASSET
B
CONGER
D
COHOCTAH
B
D
CDNI
C
CLAPPER
COHOfc
CLAREMORE
D
B
CONKLIN
D
C3NLEN
e
D
COIT
C
CLARENCE
SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT SEEN DETERMINED
B/C INDICATES THE CikAINEO/UNORAINED S1TUATI31
NEH Notice 4-102, August 1972
B-5
B/C
B
D
D
B
C/D
D
B
B
B
B
0
C
B/C
B
C
0
A
C
B
B
C
B
C
C
C
C
A
B
C
C
C
B
B
B
B
A
B
C
A
B
D
D
A
D
B
A
B
B
A
C
B/C
C
B/D
B
C/0
B
B
D
C
A
•C
C
A
B
B
B
C
C
B
B
C
C
D
0
C
C
B
0
B
C
D
C
A
C
B
B
B
B
D
B
B
Table B-]—Continued
CONLEY
C
COURT
B
CROHLEY
0
OANSK IN
B
DELLROSE
CONNEAUT
C
COURTHOUSE
0
B
CROMN
DANT
D
DELI
CONNECTICUT
COURTLANO
B
CROUSHAM
B
DANVERS
C
DELMAR
CONNERTON
B
COURTNEY
D
CROZIER
C
DANVILLE
C
DELMITA
CONOTTON
B
COURTROCK
B
D
CRUCES
DANZ
B
DELMONT
CONOVER
B
COUSE
CRUCKTON
C
B
DARCO
A
DELNORTE
CONOMINGO
C
COUSHATTA
B
CRUICKSHAMK
C
OARGOL
D
DELPHI
CONRAD
B
COVE
D
B
CRUME
DARIEN
C
DELPHILL
CON ROE
B
COVEILO
B
CRUMP
D
DARLING
B
DELPIEDRA
CONSER
C/D COVE LA NO
CRUTCH
C
B
DARNELL
C
DELPINE
CONSTABLE
A
COVELLO
B/C CRUTCHER
0
DARN EN
B
DELRAY
CONSTANCIA
D
COVENTRY
B
CRUZE
C
DARR
A
DEL REY
CON SUMO
B
COVEYTOMN
C
CRYSTAL LAKE
B
DARRET
C
DEL RIS
CJNTEE
D
COVINGTON
0
CRYSTAL SPRINGS
D
OARROCH
C
DELSON
CONTINE
C
COWAN
A
CRYSTOLA
B
DARROUZETT
c
DELTA
CONTINENTAL
C
COMARTS
C
CUBA
B
DART
A
DELTON
CONTRA COSTA
C
COWDEN
0
CUBERANT
B
DARVADA
0
DELMIN
CONVENT
C
COMDREY
c
CUCHILLAS
D
OARMIN
D
DELYNDIA
COOK
D
COWEEMAN
0
CUDAHY
D
DASSEL
0
DEMAST
COOKPORT
C
COMERS
CUERO
B
B
DAST
C
DE MASTERS
COOLBRITH
B
COMETA
C
0
CUEVA
DAT EM AN
C
DE MAYA
COOL 1 DOE
B
COHICHE
CUEVITAS
B
0
DATINO
c
DENERS
COOLVILLE
C
COMOOD
C
CULBERTSON
8
DATMYLER
DEMKY
c
COOMBS
B
COX
D
C
CULLEN
DAULTON
D
OEMONA
COONEY
B
COXVIU.E
0
CULLEOKA
B
DAUPHIN
DEMOPOLIS
COOPER
COY
C
D
CULLO
C
DAVEY
A
DEMPSEY
COOTER
C
COYATA
C
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B
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B
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DUNGENESS
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B
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B
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0
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ETTER
B
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D
A
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B
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A
B
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C
EMIGRANT
8
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DOUGHERTY
A
B
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B
EMIGRATION
0
EU8ANKS
NJTES
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC SCIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GRUUP HAS NOT SEE* DETERMINED
TWO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE ORAINED/UNORAINED S1TUATI3*
DILLWYN
OILMAN
OILTS
OILWORTH
D1MAL
OIMYAM
DINGLE
DINGLISHNA
DINKELMAN
OINKET
OINNEN
OINSDALE
01 NUBA
OINZER
OIOX1CE
DIPMAN
OIOUE
OiSABEL
DISAUTEL
DISCO
DISHNER
OUTER HErF
D1TCHCAMP
DITHOO
DIVERS
DIVIDE
DIX
DIXIE
OIXKONT
OIXMORE
DIXONVILLE
DIXVILLE
A
C
0
0
0
C
B
D
B
A
B
B
B/C
B
B
0
B
0
B
B
D
C
C
C
B
8
A
C
C
B
C
A
B
C
D
D
0
NEH Notice U-102, August
B-7
1972
B
B
C
A
B
C
B
C
B
C
C
B
B
D
B
C
B
C
B
8
B
8
C
D
B
B/0
B
C
D
B
0
B
0
D
B
B
B
D
C
C
B
B
D
D
D
B
C
C
B
C
B
C
B
C
C
B
B
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C
8
B
D
A
D
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B
B
C
C
D
B
B
D
B
B
C
B
B
B
B
C
A
B
B
B
0
C
B
B
D
B
EUDORA
EUFAULA
EUREKA
EUSTIS
EUTAW
EVANGELINE
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EVANSTON
EVARO
EVART
EVENDALE
EVERETT
EVERGLADES
EVERLY
EVERMAN
EVERSON
EVESBORO
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EWAIL
EWALL
EWINGSVILLE
EXCELSIOR
EXCHEQUER
EXETER
EXLINE
EXRAY
EXUH
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cYRE
B
A
D
A
0
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B
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C
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B/0 FLUETSCH
C
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FAIRFIELO
B
FIDOYHENT
C
A
GABBS
D
GEM
FAIRHAVEN
B
FIELOING
8
FORT MOTT
A
GABEL
C
GEMID
FAIRMOUNT
D
FIELOON
8
FORT PIERCE
C
GABICA
D
GEMSON
FAIRPORT
C
FIELOSON
A
FORT ROCK
C
GACEY
D
GENE SEE
FAIRYDELL
C
FIFE
FORTUNA
B
0
GACHADO
D
GENEVA
FAJARDO
C
FIFER
D
FORTWINGATE
C
GADDES
C
GENOA
FALAYA
C
F1LLMORE
D
FORWARD
C
CADES
G
GENOLA
FALCON
D
FINCA.STLE
FOSHOME
C
B
GADS DEN
D
GEDRGEVILLE
FALFA
FIN6AL
POSSUM
C
B
GAGE
C
GEORGIA
A
FINLEY
FALFURRIAS
B
FOSTER
B/C GAGEBY
8
GERALD
FALK
B
FIRESTEEL
B
FOSTORIA
B
GAGETOWN
C
GERBER
FIRGRELL
FALKNER
B
FOUNTAIN
C
D
GAHEE
a
GERIG
FIRMAGE
FALL
B
8
FOURLOG
D
GA1NESc
GERING
B/C FIRO
FALLBRQOK
0
FOURMILE
B
GAINESVILLE
A
GERLANO
FALLON
FIRTH
C
B/C FOUR STAR
B/C GALATA
D
GERMANIA
FALLSBURG
C
FISH CREEK
8
FOUTS
8
GALE
B
GERMANY
FALLSINGTON
D
FISHERS
8
FOX
B
GALEN
B
GERRARD
FANCHER
FISHHOOK
FOXCREEK
C
0
B/D GALENA
C
GESTRIN
FANG
B
FISHMLL
FOX MOUNT
C
GALEPPI
GETTA
C
FANNIN
B
FITCH
A
FOXOL
D
GALESTOWN
A
GETTYS
FANNO
FOX PARK
C
FITCHVILLE
C
GALETON
D
D
GEYSEN
FOX PARK
FANU
C
FITZGERALD
B
0
GALEY
B
GHENT
r
FARADAY
FITZHUGH
B
B
FOXTON
C
GIBBLER
GALISTEO
FARALLONE
FRAILEY
8
FIVE DOT
B
B
B
GALLAGHER
GIBBON
FARAWAY
0
FIVEMILE
B
FRAM
B
GALLATIN
A
GIBBS
0
FARB
FIVES
B
FRANCIS
A
GALLEGOS
B
GIBBSTOKN
FARGO
0
FLAGG
B
D
FRANCITAS
GALL I NA
C
GIFFIN
FARISITA
FLAGSTAFF
C
C
FRANK
D
GALL I ON
B
GIFFORD
FARLAND
B
FLAK
B
FRANKFORT
0
GALVA
B
GILA
C/D FLAMING
FARMINGTON
B
FRANKIRK
GALVESTON
C
A
GILBY
FARNHAM
B
FLAMINGO
FRANKLIN
D
B
GALVEZ
C
GILCHRIST
B/C FLANAGAN
FARNHAMTON
B
FRANKSTOWN
B
GALVIN
C
GILCREST
FARNUF
B
FLANDREAU
B
FRANKTOWN
D
GALWAY
B
GILEAD
FARNUM
B
FLASHER
A
FRANKVILLE
B
GAMBLER
A
GILES
FARRAGUT
C
FLATHEAO
A
FRATERNIDAD
D
GAMBOA
B
GILFORD
FARRAR
B
FLAT HORN
B
FRAZER
C
GANNETT
D
GILHOULY
FARRELL
B
FLATTOP
0
FRED
0
C
GANSNER
GILISPIE
FARRENBURG
B
FLATWILLOW
B
FREOENSBORG
D
C
GAPO
GILLIAM
FLAX TON
FARROT
A
C
FREDERICK
B
B
GAPPMAYER
GILLIGAN
FARSON
B
FLEAK
A
FREDON
GARA
C
B
GILLS
FARWELL
C
FLECHAOO
B
FREDON1A
C
GARBER
A
GILLS9URG
FASKIN
a FLEER
D
FREDRICKSON
C
B
GIL1AN
GARBUTT
FATIMA
B
FLEETHOOO
FREE BURG
C
GARCENO
C
GILMORE
FATTIG
c FLEISCHMANN
0
D
GARDE LL A
D
FREECE
GILPIN
FAUNCE
A
FLEMING
FREEDOM
C
C
GARDENA
B
GILROY
FAUQUIER
FLETCHER
C
B
FREEHOLD
B
GARDINER
A
GILSON
FAUSSE
D
D
B
FLOKE
FREEL
GARDNER'S FORK
B
GILT EDGE
FAWCETT
C
FLOM
C
FREEMAN
C
D
GARDNERVILLE
GINAT
FAWN
B
FLOMATION
A
FREEMANVILLE
B
A
GAR DONE
GINGER
FAXON
D
FLOMOT
B
FREE ON
CAREY
B
C
GINI
FAYAL
FLORENCE
C
C
FREER
C
GARFIELD
C
GINSER
FAYETTE
B
FLORESVILLE
C
FREESTONE
C
GARITA
c
GIRARDOT
8
FLORIDANA
FAYETTEV1LLE
B/D FREEZE NER
C
GARLAND
B
GIRD
FAYWOOD
C
FLORISSANT
C
A
FREMONT
C
GARLET
GIVEN
NOTES
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT B E E N DETERMINED
TWO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS fl/C INDICATES THE DRAINED/UNORAINED SITUATION
c
B-8
C
C
B
D
0
D
B
B
B
8
C
C
D
C
C
D
D
A
C
B
C
D
B
C
0
0
B
C
B
0
B
A
B
B
C
C
A
B
C
C
C
B
C
0
8
B
B
D
D
B
B
C
B
D
B
C
C
0
C
C
8
D
A
C
C
B
B
B
B
C
B
B/D
B
C
C
B
C
C
B
C
C
C
B
D
0
C
B
C
D
A
C
GOTHARD
GLADDEN
A
GROWDEN
HAMBRISHT
0
HASTINGS
GLADE PARK
GOTHIC
GROWLER
C
HAMBURG
B
HAT
GOTHO
HAMBY
GLADSTONE
B
GRUBBS
HATBORO
C
GLADWIN
GOULDING
GRULLA
A
HAM EL
HATCH
C
GOVAN
GLAHIS
GRUMM1T
C
HAMERLY
C
HATCHERY
GRUNDY
GLANN
B/C
GOVE
A
HAMILTON
HATFIELO
GLASGOW
GOWEN
GRUVER
HAMLET
C
B
HATHAWAY
GLEAN
B
GRABE
GRYGLA
HAMLIN
B
HATTIE
GLEASON
GRABLE
HAMMONTON
C
GUADALUPE
C
HATTON
GRACEMONT
GUAJE
GLEN
B
HAMPDEN
HAUBSTADT
GLENOAR
B
GRACEVILLE
GUALALA
C
HAMPSHIRE
HAUGAN
GRADY
GUAMANI
HAUSER
GLENBERG
B
HAMPTON
C
HAMTAH
GLENBROOK
GRAFEN
GUANABANO
c
HAVANA
0
GRAF TON
HANA
A
HAVEN
GLENCOE
GUANAJ180
0
GRAHAM
HANALEI
GLENDALE
B
GUANICA
C
HAVERLY
A
B
GRAIL
GUAYABO
HANAMAULU
HAVERSON
GLENDIVE
GLENDORA
GRAMM
B
HAVILLAH
D
GUAYABOTA
HANCEVILLE
D
GRANATH
GUAYAMA
HANCO
GLENELG
B
HAVINSDON
GLENP I ELD
HAVRE
GRANBY
A/0 GUBEN
HAND
B
D
GLENFORO
GRANDE RONDE
0
GUCKEEN
HANDRAN
C
HAVRELON
C
D
B
GUELPH
HAN
GLENHALL
B
HANDSBORO
GRANOFIELD
HANDY
GRANDV1EW
D
HAWES
GLENHAM
B
C
GUENQC
HANEY
HAWI
C
GUERNSEY
B
GRANER
GLENMORA
C
GRANGER
C
GUERRERO
HANFORO
8
HAMKEYE
GLENNALLEN
C
B/C GUEST
HANGAARO
C
HAWKSELL
SLENOMA
B
GRANGEVILLE
HANGER
8
GUIN
B
HAHKSPRINGS
GRANILE
GLENROSE
8
B
GRAND
GULER
HANIPOE
HAXTUN
GLENSTED
0
HANKINS
GULKANA
C
HAYBOURNE
GRANT
GLENTON
B
B
HAYBRO
GUMBOaT
HANKS
GRANTSBURG
GLENVIEW
B
HANLY
A
HAYOEN
GUNBARREL
GLENVILLE
C
GRANTSDALE
HANNA
GUNN
B
HAYESTON
a
GRANVILLE
GLIDE
HANNUM
GUNNUK
D
HAYESVILLE
a
GRAPEVINE
GLIKON
HANOVER
C
HAYFIELO
GRA SMERE
GUNSIGHT
GLORIA
c
HANS
HAYFORD
GRASSNA
GUNTER
C
A
GLOUCESTER
HAYHONO
HANSEL
GURABO
C
GLOVER
C/D GRASS.Y BUTTE
HANSKA
GURNEY
c
HAYNESS
GLYNDON
B
GRATZ
A
GUSTAVUS
HANSON
HAYNIE
GRAVD6N
GLYNN
C
HANTHO
B
GUST
IN
HAYPRESS
GRAVE
GOBLE
C
HANTZ
D
HAYSPUR
GRAVITY
GUTHRIE
GODbARO
B
GUY TON
HAYTER
HAP
B
GRAYCALM
D
GODDE
HAYTI
HAPGOOD
B
GRAYFORD
GWIN
0
GOOECKE
HAPNEY
HAYWODD
C
GRAYLING
GWINNETT
GODFREY
C
KARBORD
HAZEL
B
GRAYLCCK
GYMER
D
GODWIN
HAZEL*IR
GYPSTRUM
HARBOURTON
GRAYPOINT
GOEGLEIN
C
HARCO
B
HAZEN
GRAYS
GOESSEL
D
HACCKE
B
HAZLEHURST
HARDEMAN
GREAT BEND
GOFF
C
HAROESTY
B
HAZLETON
GREELEY
HACIENDA
GOGEBIC
B
HARDING
D
HAZTQN
HACK
GREEN BLUFF
GOLBIN
C
HEAOLEY
HARDSCRAB6LE
B
HACKERS
GOLCONDA
O
GREENBRAE
HARDY
D
HEADQUARTERS
HACKETTSTOWN
GOLD CREEK
GREEN CANYON
D
HEAKE
HADAR
HARGREAVE
B
B
GREENCREEK
GOLOtNOALE
HEATH
MARKERS
C
GREENDALE
HADES
GULDFIELD.
B
HARKEY
HEATLY
HADLEY
B
B
GREENFIELD
G3LOHILL
B
HAOO
KARLAN
HEBBRONVILLE
GREENHORN
GOLDMAN
C
HEBER
HAGEN
HARLEM
C
GREENLEAF
B
GOLDRIDGE
HEBERT
HAGENBARTH
HARLESTON
C
A
GREENOUGH
GOLDRUN
HARLINGEN
D
HAGENER
HEBGEN
GOLDSBORO
C
GREENPORT
HEBO
HAGER
HARM EH.
C
GREEN RIVER
GOLDSTON
c
C
HARMONY
HEBRON
GJLDSTREAM
D
HAGERMAN
GREENSBORO
HARNEY
HECHT
GREENSON
C
HAGERSTOWN
GOLDVALE
C
HECKI
HAGGA
HARPER
D
GREENTON
GOLOVEIN
C
HARPETH
B
HECLA
HAGGERTY
GOLIAD
GREENVILLE
C
HECTOR '
HARPS
B
HAGSTADT
GREENWATER
GOLLAHER
A
C
HAGUE
HARPSTER
HEDOEN
GOLTRY
A
GREENWICH
HARPT
B
HEDRICK
GREENWOOD
HAIG
B
GOMEZ
HAIKU
HAROUA
C
HEDVILLE
GOMM
GREER
D
D
GREGORY
HAILMAN
HARRI ET
HEGNE
GONVICK
B
B
GREHALEM
HAINES
B/C HARR I MAN
HEIOEN
G30CH
0
C
HARRIS
D
HEIDTKAN
GRELL
HA I RE
GOODALE
C
HEIL
HALAWA
D
GRENADA
HARRISBURG
GOOD ING
C
HARRI SON
HALOER
C
HEIMDAL
GJODINGTON
C
GRENVILLE
GRESHAM
HARRISVILLE
C
HEISETON
GOODLOW
B
HALE
GREWINGK
HALEDGN
B
B
HARSTENE
HEISLER
GOOilMAN
GREYBACK
HALEIWA
HARST INE
HEIST
C
GOODRICH
B
HALEY
D
HE1TT
GRcYBULL
HART
D
GOODSPRINGS
HEITZ
HART CAMP
C
GREYCLIFF
HALF MOON
GOOSE C R E E K
B
A
GREYS
HALFORO
HARTFORD
HEIZER
D
GOOSE LAKc
HALFWAY
8
HELOT
GRIFFY
HART 16
GUOSHUS
B
B
HELEMANO
GOktJ
GRIGSTON
HALGAITOH
HARTLAND
B
HAL 11
GRIMSTAD
HARTLETON
B
HELENA
D
CORDON
B
GRISWOLD
HARTLINE
HELMER
HALIIMAILE
GORE
0
B
GRITNEY
HALIS
HARTSBURG
HELVETIA
GJKGUNIO
A
B
HELY
GORHAM
GRIVER
HALL
HARTSELLS
B
HARTSHORN
B
GRIZZLY
HALLECK
HEMBRE
GORIN
C
HEHNl
HALL RANCH
HARVARD
B
GORING
GROGAN
C
HARVEL
B
GORMAN
HALLVILLE
HEMPFIELD
6
GkOSECLOSE
C
HALSEY
HARVEY
GROSS
HEHPSTEAO
GORUS
A
GROTGN
HARWOOD
C
HENCRATT
HAMACER
GORZELL
B
HASKI
GOSHcN
B
HENDERSON
GROVE
HAMAKUAPOK3
B
A
HA MAN
D
GROVELANO
HASKILL
HENDRICKS
GOSHUTE
HASKI NS
GROViR
HA MAR
C
GOSPORT
HENEFER
C
GROVETON .
C
HENKIN
GJTHAM
HAMBLEN
HASSELL
A
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT SEEM DETERMINED
NOTES
TWO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE DRAINEO/UNDRAINED SITUATI3*
NEH Notice H-102, August
B-9
1972
B/0
B
D
8
C
D
8
C
B
0
B
B
0
C
A
B
B
C
A
D
C
C
C
B
D
C
B
D
0
D
C
D
B
B
8
B
C
D
0
C
C
c
c
c
B
B
C
C
B
B
B
C
B
HENLEY
C
HOBOG
0
HORD
B
HYAT
A
IZAGORA
HEMLINE
C
HOB SON
C
HOREB
B
HYATTVILLE
C
IZEE
HENNEKE
0
HOCHHEIH
B
HORNE
D
HYDABURG
D
HENNEPIN
B
HOCKING
B
HORNELL
0
HYDE
0
JABU
HENNINGSEN
C
HOCK1NSON
C
HORNING
A
HYDRO
C
JACAGUAS
HENRY
0
HOCKLEY
C
HORNITOS
D
HYMAS
D
JACANA
HENSEL
B
HODGE
B
HORROCKS
B
HYRUM
B
JACINTO
HEN SHAH
C
HODGINS
C
HORSESHOE
B
HYSHAM
D
JACK CREEK
HENSLEY
D
HODGSON
HORTON
C
B
JACKLIN
HEPLER
0
6
HOE BE
HORTONVILLE
B
IAO
C
JACKNIFE
HERBERT
B
HOELZtE
C
HOSKIN
C
IBERIA
D
JACKPORT
HEREFORD
B
HOFFMAN
C
HOSK1NNINI
0
ICENE
C
JACKS
HERKIMER
B
HOFFMANVILLE
c HOSLEY
D
IDA
B
JACKSON
HERLONG
0
HOGANSBURG
KOSHER
B
C
IOA8EL
B
JACKSONVILLE
HERH1STON
B
HOG EL AND
B
HOTAW
I OAK
C
B
JACOB
HERHON
A
HOGG
C
HOT LAKE
C
I DANA
C
JACOBSEN
HERNOON
B
HOGRIS
B
HOUDEK
B
IDEON
D
JtCOBY
HERO
B
HOH
B
HOUGH TON
A/D IOMON
B
JACQUES
HERRERA
A
HOHMANN
C
HOUK
C
IGNACIO
C
JACuUITH
HERRICK
C
HOKO
C
HOULKA
I GO
D
0
HERRON
HOLBROOK
B
B
HOULTON
C/0 IGUALDAD
0
JAFFKEY
HERSH
A
HOLCOMB
D
HOUNDBY
D
IHLEN
0
JAGUEYES
HERSHAL
B 10 HOLDAWAY
0
HOURGLASS
B
IJAM
0
JAL
HESCH
B
HOLDEN
A
HOUSATONIC
D
ILDEFONSO
B
JALMAR
HESPER
C
HOLDER
B
HOUSE MOUNTAIN
0
ILKA
B
JANES CANYON
B
HESPERIA
HOLDERMAN
C
HOUSEVILLE
C
ILL I ON
B/D JAMESTOWN
HESPERUS
B
HOLDERNESS
C
HOUSTON
D
IMA
B
JANE
HESSE
C
HOLDR6GE
B
HOUSTON BLACK
D
IMBLER
B
JANISE
HESSEL
0
HOLLAND
B
HOVDE
A/C 1MLAY
C
JANSEN
HESSELBERG
0
HOLLINGER
B
HOVEN
0
IMMOKALEE
B/D JARAB
HESSELT1NE
B
C/0 HOVENMEEP
HOLLIS
C
IMPERIAL
0
JARBOE
HESSLAN
C
HOLLISTER
0
HOVERT
D
INAVALE
A
JARITA
HE S SON
C
HOLLOMAN
c HOVEY
C
INOART
B
JARRE
HETTINGER
HOLLOHAY
0
A
HOWARD
B
INOIAHOMA
D
JARVIS
NEXT
8
HOLLY
0
HOWELL
C
INDIAN
JASPER
HEZEL
B
HOLLY SPRINGS
D
HOW LAND
C
INDIAN CREEK
D
JAUCAS
HIALEAH
HOLLYWOOD
0
0
HOYE
B
INDIANO
C
JAVA
HIAWATHA
A
HOLMDEL
C
HOYLETON
C
A
INOIANOLA
JAY
HIBBARO
0
HOLMES
B
I MOID
HOY P US
A
B
JAYEM
NIBBING
HOLOMUA
C
B
HOYTVILLE
0
INGA
B
JAYSON
HIBERNIA
C
HOLOPAU
B/D HUBBARO
A
B
INGALLS
JEAN
HICKORY
C
HOLROYO
HUBERLY
D
1NGARO
6
JEANERETTE
HICKS
a
HOLS1NE
HUBERT
B
1NGENIO
C
JEAN LAKE
HIDALGO
B
HOLST
HUBLERSBURG
C
INGRAM
D
JEDD
HIDEAWAY
0
HOLSTON
HUCKLEBERRY
C
INKLER
B
JEDDO
HIOEWOOO
c HOLT
HUDSON
C
INKS
D
JEFFERSON
HIERRO
c
HOLTL6
HUECO
c
INMACHUK
D
JEKLEY
HIGHAMS
0
HOLTVILLE •
HUEL
A
INMAN
C
JELM
KI6HFIELD
B
HOLYCKE
C/0 HUENEME
B/C I NMD
A
JENA
HIGH GAP
C
HOMA
c HUERHUERO
D
INNESVALE
D
JENKINS
HIGHLAND
B
HOME CAMP
c HUEY
D
INSKIP
C
JENKINSON
HIGHNORE
B
HOME LAKE
B
A
HUFFINE
INVERNESS
D
JENNESS
HIGH PARK
HOMER
B
C
MUGGINS
C
B
INVILLE
JENNINGS
HIHIMANU
A
HOMESTAKE
D
HUGHES
B
INWDOD
C
JENNY
HIIBNER
HOMESTEAD
C
B
HUGHESVILLE
B
10
B
JERAULD
HIKO PEAK
B
HONAUNAU
C
HUGO
B
IOLA
A
JERICHO
HIKO SPRINGS
0
HONCUT
B
HUICHICA
C/D IOLEAU
C
JEROME
HILDRETH
0
I ON A
0
.A
HONDALE
HUIKAU
JERRY
8
HILEA
0
HONDO
C
HULETT
B
IONIA
B
JESBEL
MILES
B
B
HONDOHO
HULLS
C
IOSCO
B
JESSE CAMP
HILGER
6
HONEOYE
B
HULLT
IPAVA
6
JESSUP
B
HILGRAVE
B
HONEY
0
HULUA
D
IRA
JETT
C
HILLEHANN
HUM
C
HONEYCftOVE
C
B
IREDELL
JIGGS
0
HILLERY
0
HONEYV1LLE
C
HUMACAO
B
IRETEBA
JIN
C
HILLET
0
B
HONN
HUMATAS
IftlM
C
C
JIMENEZ
H1LLFIELO
B
HONOKAA
A
HUMBARGER
8
IR0CK
B
JIMTOWN
HILLGATE
0
HQNOLUA
6
HUMBIRD
C
IRON BLOSSOM
0
JOB
MILLIARD
a
HONOMANU
B
HUMBOLDT
D
IRON MOUNTAIN
JOBOS
P
HILLON
B
HONOULIULI
0
HUMDUN
B
IRON RIVER
B
HILLSBORO
B
HONUAULU
A
HUME
C
IRONTON
JOCKO
C
HILLSOALE
B
HOOD
B
HUMESTON
C
IRRIGON
C
JOOERO
HILMAR
C/0 HOODLE
B
HUMMINGTON
C
IRVINGTON
JOEL '
C
HILO
HOOD SPORT
A
C
HUMPHREYS
6
IRWIN
0
JOES
HOOOVIEW
HILT
B
6
HUMPTULIPS
B
ISAAC
JOHNS
HILTON
B
HOOKTON
C
HUNSAKER
B/C ISAAC UAH
B/C JOHNSBURG
HINCKLEY
A
HOOLEHUA
B
HUNTERS
I SAN
B
D
JOHNSON
MINDES
C
HOOPAL
D
ISANT1
HUNTING
C
0
JOHNSTON
HINES6URG
C
HOOPER
D
HUNTINGTON
B
ISBELL
C
JOHNSWOOD
D
HINKLfc
HOOPESTON
B
HUNTSVILLE
B
ISHAM
JOKE
HINMAN
C
HOOSIC
A
HUPP
B
ISHI PISHI
JOLAN
c
HINSOALE
HOOT
0
B
HURDS
ISLAND
JOLIET
B
HINTZE
0
HOOTEN
0
HURLEY
D
ISDN
B
JONESVILLE
HIPPLE
C
HOOVER
B
HURON
C
ISSAOUAH
B/C JONUS
HISLE
0
HQPEKA
D
HURST
0
ISTOKPOGA
D
JOPLIN
HITT
B
HOPE TON
C
HURWAL
B
ITCA
D
JOPPA
HI VISTA
C
HOPEWELL
HUSE
C
ITSWOOT
B
JORDAN
KI4ASSEE
B
C
HOPGOOD
HUSSA
B/D IUKA
JORGE
C
A
MI WOOD
HOPKIKS
B
D
IVA
HUSSMAN
JORNADA
C
HOPLEY
HIXTON
B
B
HUTCHINSON
C
IVAN
JORY
B
HO BACKER
B
HOPPER
B
HUT SON
B
IVES
B
JOSE
HDBAN
C
HOQUIAM
a
HUXLEY
D
IVIE
A
JOSEPHINE
HOBBS
B
HORATIO
D
HYAM
0
IVINS
C
JOSIE
NJTES
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SO IL GROUP HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED
T«0 SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE ORAI NEO/UNDRAINEO SITUATD*
JA:WIN
JO:ITY
c
c
NEtt Notice U-102, August 1972
B-10
C
c
c
8
D
8
A
B
C
D
c
B
C
0
0
c
c
c
B
A
6
B
A
B/C
C
C
c
A
D
C
C
B
B
. B
A
B
C
B
D
A
D
B
C
D
B
C
D
B
B
D
B
C
D
D
C
C
C
D
C
C
B
C
c
c
c
c
c
B
A
B
B
B
C
D
B
B/D
B
D
C
C
A
B
B
B
D
B
C
C
C
B
B
JOY
JUAN A DIAZ
JUBILEE
JUOD
JUDITH
JUOK1NS
JUOSON
JUDY
JUGET
JUGHANDLE
JULES
JULESBURG
JULIAETTA
JUMPS
JUNCAL
JUNCOS
JUNCTION
JUNEAU
B
B
C
D
B
C
B
C
D
B
B
A
B
B
C
D
B
B
KARNAK
KARNES
KARRO
MRS
KARSHNER
KARTA
KARTAR
KASCHN1T
KASHUITNA
KASILOF
KASK1
KASOTA
KASSLER
KASSON
KATAMA
KATEMCY
KATO
KATRINE
HA TULA
J UN I ATA
B
KATY
JJN1PERO
C
JUNIUS
KAUFMAN
B
KAUPO
JUNO
KAVETT
JUNOUITOS
C
JURA
KAHAIHAE
C
KAWAIHAPA1
JUVA
B
JJVAN
D
KAWBAtiGAM
KANICH
A
KANKAHLIN
KAALUALU
KACHEMAK
B
KEAAU
0
KEAHUA
KADAKE
B
KEALAKEKUA
KADASHAN
KEALIA
KAOE
C
B
KEANSBURG
KADIN
B
KADOKA
KEARNS
0
KEATING
KAENA
D
KEAUKAHA
KAHALUU
B
KANAKA
KEAHAKAPU
B
KEBLER
KAHANUI
B
KECH
KAHLER
B
KECKO
KAHOLA
0
KEDRON
KAH SHEETS
D
KEEPERS
KAHUA
D
KEEGAN
KAIKL1
A
KAILUA
KEE1
A
KEEKEE
KA1KU
KEELOAR
A
KAINALIU
HAJPOIOJ
B
KEENE
A
KEENO
KAlMiKI
B
KEESE
KALAE
a
KEG
KALALOCH
KEHENA
KALANA
KEIGLEY
B
KALANA ZOO
B
KEISER
KALAPA
KALAUPAPA
0
KEITH
KEKAHA
KAL1FONSKY
D
D
KEKAKE
KALIHI
A
KELLER
KALISPELL
A
KELLY
KALKASKA
KELN
B
KALMIA
D
KELSEY
KALOKO
KELSO
KALOLOCH
B
0
KELTNER
KALSIN
B
KELVIN
KAMACK
A
KAKAKOA
KEMMERER
KAMAOA
B
KENDO
KAMAOLE
B
KEMPSVILLE
KAMAY
D
KEMPTON
KENAI
B
KAMIE
KENANSV1LLE
KAMRAR
B
B
KENDAIA
KANABEC
B
KANAKA
KENDALL
A/0 KENOALLVILLE
KANAPAHA
KENESAk
KAND1K
8
B
KENMOOR
KANE
KENNALLY
B
KANEOHE
B
KENNAN
KANEPUU
HAN IMA
C
KENNEBEC
KENNEDY
a
KANLEE
KANOSH
C
KENNER
KENNEHICK
0
KANZA
KENNEY
KAPAA
A
a
KENNEY LAKE
KAPAPALA
KENG
B
KAPOO
KENOMA
C
KAPOKSIN
D
KENSAL
KAPUHIKANI
B
KENSPUR
KARAKIN
B
KENT
KAROE
KENYCN
0
KARHEEN
KARLAN
C
KEO
A
KEOLtMR
KARLIN
K60MAH
KARLO
0
KARLUK
D
KfcOTA
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC
N3TES
THO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS
c
0
B
KEOWNS
KIPP
0
C
KEPLER
KIPPEN
A
C
KERBY
B
KIPSON
C
A
KIRK
KERNEL
B
B/0
D
KIRKHAM
KERHIT
A
C
C
KERHO
KIRKLAND
0
A
B
KERR
KIRKTON
B
B
0
K IRK V RLE
KERRICK
B
C
B
KIRTLEY
KERRTOMN
C
A
KERSHAW
KIRVIN
A
C
B
KERSICK
KISRING
0
0
C
KERSTON
A/0 KISSICK
0
A
KERT
KISTLER
C/D
C
C
KERWIN
KITCHELL
B
C
KITCHEN CREEK
B
KESSLER
C
B
KITSAP
C
KESWICK
D
C
C
KETCHLY
B
KITTANNING
B
B
KITTITAS
0
KETTLE
B
KETTLEMAN
B
KITTREDGE
KITTSON
C
KETTNER
C
KIUP
0
KEVIN
C
B
A
KIVA
KEUAUNEE
C
8
0
KEHEENAH
K1WANIS
A
A
KIZHUYAK
C
KEYA
B
B
B
KJAR
0
KEYES
0
KEYNER
KLABER
C
0
C
KLAHATH
A
KEYPORT
B/D
C
A
C
A
KLAUS
KEYSTONE
D
D
KEYTESVILLE
0
KLAWASI
B
KEZAR
B
B
KLEJ
KLICKER
C
KIAMAH
C
C
KLICKITAT
0
KIBBIE
C
8
D
KICKERV1LLE
KLINE
B
B
C/D
B
KLINESVILLE
KIDD
0
KIDMAN
B
KLINGER
8
C
KLONDIKE
D
0
A
KIEHL
KLONE
B
B
KIETZKE
0
B
KLOOCHHAN
C
KIEV
8
D
KLOTEN
B
KIKONI
B
KLUTINA
B
8
0
KILARC
KILAUEA
KNAPPA
B
C
B
KNEELAND
C
KILBOURNE
A
C
KNIFF1N
KILBURN
B
C
KILCH1S
KNIGHT
0
0
KNIK
B
KILDOR
B
C
D
B
B/0 KNIPPA
KILGORE
KNOB HILL
B
KILKENNY
B
C
KILLBUCK
B
C
C/D KNOWLES
KNOX
B
0
KILLEY
D
KILLINGHORTH
KNULL
C
B
KILLPACK
KNUTSEN
B
C
C
KOBAR
C
KILHERQUE
C
KOBEH
B
B
KILN
0
KOCH
KILOA
A
C
B
KUCHA NA
KODAK
C
B
A
KODIAK
B
0
KILMINNING
C
KIM
KOEHLER
C
B
C
B
KOELE
B
0
KIHAMA
B
KOEPKE
KIMBALL
C
0
KOERLING
B
KIHBERLY
S
KOGISH
KIMBROUGH
D
D
A
KIHKERLING
KOHALA
B
0
KOKEE
B
KIHMONS
C
C
KOKERNOT
C
KINO
C
C
KINA
KOKO
B
B
0
KOKDKAHI
D
A
B
KINCO
KOKOMO
KINESAVA
B/D
B
C
B
KINGFISHER
B
KOLBERG
C
B
KINGHURST
KOLEKOLE
C
A
KING MAN
D
KOLLS
D
C
B
D
KINGS
C/D KOLLUTUK
KINGSBURY
KOLOA
C
B
C
KINGSLEY
KOLOB
C
B
8
KOLOKOLO
B
B
KINGS RIVER
C
KONA
D
KINGSTON
B
B
K.ONAKA
KINGSVILLE
B
B
C
KONNER
D
B
KINKEAD
C
KONOKTI
C
B
B/C KINKEL
KINKOKA
KOOLAU
C
0
D
KOOSKIA
K1NMAN
6
C
KOOTENAI
KINNEAR
A
A
B
B
KOPIAH
KINNtY
0
C
B
KINMCK
C
KOPP
C
KINRtAO
KOPPES
B
D
D
KORCHEA
D
B
B
KINROSS
A
KINSTuN
KORNMAN
B
0
D
KINTA
D
KJSMOS
D
KIM ON
KOSSE
D
C
C
KUSTER
C
6
KINZEL
B
KUSZTA
KIOHAT1A
A
B
B
KOTEDO
KIONA
B
D
C
KOUTS
B
KIPLING
0
C
SUIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT BEE*
INDICATES
THc
DRAINED/UNDRAINED
SITUATIDN
B/C
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
B-ll
1972
KOVICH
KDYEN
KOYUKUK
KRADE
KRtNZBURG
KRATKA
KRAUSE
KREAMER
KREMLIN
KRENTZ
KRESSON
KRUM
KRUSE
KRUZOF
KUBE
KUBLER
KUBLI
KUCERt
KUCK
KUGRUG
KUHL
KUKAIAU
KULA
KULAKALA
KULLIT
KUHA
KUN1A
KUNUWEIA
KUPREANOF
KUREB
KURO
KUSKOKMIM
KUSLINA
KUTCH
KUTZTOWN
KVICHAK
KUETHLUK
KYLE
KYLER
0
8
B
B
B
C
A
C
B
C
C
D
B
B
B
C
C
B
C
0
D
A
B
B/C
B
B
B
C
B
A
0
0
D
D
B
6
A
0
D
LA BARGE
LABETTE
LABISH
LABOU
LABOUNTY
LA BOUNTY
LA B R I E R
LABSHAFT
LACAMAS
LA CASA
LACITA
LACKAUANNA
LACONl
LACOTA
LACY
LAOD
LADDER
LADELLE
LADOSi
LADUE
LADYSHITH
LA FARGE
LAFE
LAFITTE
LA FONDA
LAFDNT
LAGLORIA
LAGONDA
LA GRANDE
LAGRANGE
LAHAINA
LA HQGUE
LAHDNTAN
LAHRITY
LAIDIG
LAIDLAU
LAIL
LAIRDSVILLE
LAIREP
LAJARA
LAKE
LAKE CHARLES
LAKE CREEK
LAKEHELEN
LAKEHJRST
LAKE JANEE
LAKELAND
LAKEHONT
LAKEPORT
LAKESHORE
LAKESOL
LAKETON
3ETERNINED
B
C
0
D
C
C
C
D
C/D
C
B
C
C
0
D
B
D
B
C
B
D
B
D
D
B
B
B
C
C
D
B
B
0
A
C
B
C
D
D
D
A
D
C
B
A
B
A
D
B
D
B
B
LAKEV1EW
LAIAH
C
C
LENAHEE
8/0 LINVILLE
8
LORADALE
LAKEW1N
LATAHCO
e
C
LENNEP
0
LIN WOOD
A/ 9 LORAIN
LAKEMOOO
A
LATAN6
B
LENOIR
D
LIPAN
0
LORDSTOWN
LAX I
B
LATANIER
0
LENOX
B
LIPPINCOTT
B/0 LOftEAUVILLE
UAKIN
A
LATENE
8
LENZ
B
LIRIOS
B
LOR ELLA
LAKOMA
0
LATHAM
0
LEO
B
LIRRET
D
LORENZO
LALAAU
A
LATHKOP
C
LEON
A/0 LISAOE
B
LORETTO
LA LANOE
B
LATINA
D
LEONARD
C
LISAN
D
LORING
LALLIE
0
LATOM
D
LEONARDO
B
LISBON
B
LOS tLAMOS
LAN
B/a LATONIA
B
LEONAROTOWN
0
LISMAS
D
LOS BANDS
LAMAR
B
LATTY
0
Lf ONI DAS
B
L1SMORE
8
LOSEE
LAMART1NE
B
LAUDEROALE
B
LEOTA
C
LITCHFIELO
A
LOS GATOS
LAMBERT
LAUGENOUR
B
B/0 LEPLEY
0
LITHGOH
C
LOS CUINEOS
LAMBETH
LAUGHLIN
C
B
LERDAL
C
LITHIA
C
LOSHNAN
LAMBORN
0
LAUMAIA
B
LEROY
B
L1TIHBER
C
LOS OSOS
LAM1N6TON
0
LAUREL
C
LESAGE
LITLE
LOS ROBLES
LAMO
6
LAURELHURST
C
LESHARA
LITTLES EAR
A
LOS TANOS
LAMONI
0
LAURELHOOO
B
LESHO
UTTLEFIELD
D
LOST CREEK
LAMONT
LAUREN
A
B
LESLIE
LITTLE HORN
C
LOST HILLS
LAMONTA
LAVALLEE
D
B
LESTER
LITTLE POLE
0
LOS TRANCOS
LAMOURE
C
LAVATE
B
LE SUEUR
LITTLETON
B
LOSTHELLS
LAHPH1ER
B
LAVEEN
8
LET A
C
LITTLE WOOD
B
LOTHAIR
LANPSHIRE
LAVELOO
0
D
LETCHER
D
LITZ
C
LOTUS
LAX SON
0
LAVERKIN
C
LETKA
0
L1V
C
LOUD ON
LANARK
e
LA VERKIN
C
LETHENT
C
LIVERHORE
A
LOUOONVILLE
LA VI NA
LANCASTER
B
c LETORT
LIVIA
D
LOUIE
LANCE
LAMAI
C
8
LETTERBOX
LIVINGSTON
0
XOUISA
LAND
D
LAHET
C
LEVAN
LIVONA
A
LOUISBURG
LANDES
B
LAkLER
B
LEVASY
LIZE
C
LOUP
LANDISBURG
C
LAWRENCE
C
LEVERETT
LIZZANT
B
LOURDES
LANOLOM
C
LAWRENCEVILLE
C
LEVIATHAN
LLANOS
C
LOUVIERS
LANDUSKY
LAkSHE
LEVIS
0
C
LOBOELL
C
LOVEJOY
LANE
LAkSON
C
B
LEWIS
LOBELVILLE
LOVELANO
LANEY
LAWTHER
0
C
LEWISBERRV
LOBERG
B
LOVELL
LANG
B/D LAKTON
C
LEHIS6URG
LOBERT
B
LOVELOCK
LANGFORO
LAX
C
c LEHISTON
LOBITOS
C
LOWELL
LANGHE1
e LAXAL
B
LEH1SVILLE
LOCANE
D
LOWRY
LANGLEY
LAYCOCK
B
LEX
c
LOCEY
C
LOVVILLE
LANGLOIS
LAY TON
D
A
LEXINGTON
LOCHSA
B
LOYAL
LANGOLA
LAZEAR
B
0
LHAZ
LOCKE
B
LOYALTON
LANGRELL
B
LEA
C
LIB8INGS
LOCKERBV
C
LOYSVILLE
LEADER
LANGSTON
B
C
LIBBV
LOCKHARO
LOZAMO
B
LANiER
LEAOPOINT
B
B
LIBEG
LOCKHART
LOZIER
B
LANIGER
B
LEAD VALE
C
LIBERAL
LOCKPORT
D
LUALUALEI
IANK.6USH
B
LEAOVILLE
B
LIBERTY
LOCKHOOO
B
LUSBOCK
LANKIN
LEAF
LI6ORY
C
D
LOCUST
C
LUBRECHT
LANKTREE
C
LEAHY
C
LIBRARY
0
LODAR
D
LUCAS
LANOAK
B
LEAL
B
LIBUTTE
D
LODEMA
A
LUCE
(.AN SCALE
LEAPS
B
C
•LICK
B
LOCI
C
LUCEDALE
LANSOOHNE
LEAThAM
C
C
LICK CREEK
D
LOOO
D
LUCERNE
LANSING
LEAVENMORTH
B
B
LICKOALE
0
LOFFTUS
C
LUC I EN
LANTIS
B
LEAVITT
B
LICKING
C
LOFTON
0
LUCILE
LANTON
D
B
LEAVITTVILLE
LICKSKILLET
0
LOGAN
D
LUC I LE TON
LANTONIA
8
LEBANON
C
LIODELL
0
LOGOELL
D
LUCKENBACH
LANTZ
0
LEBAR
B
LIEBERMAN
C
LOGCERT
A
LUCKY
LAP
0
LE BAR
8
LIEN
D
LOGHOUSE
B
LUCKY STAR
LA PALMA
8
C
LEBEC
LIGGET
B
LOGY
B
LUCY
LAPEER
B
LEBO
C
LIGHTNING
D
LOHLEft
C
LUOOEN
UAP1NE
A
LEBSACK
C
LIGNUM
C
LOHMILLEft
C
LU9LOK
LAPLATTA
C
LECK KILL
B
LIGON
D
LOHNES
A
LUEDERS
LAPON
LEDBEDER
0
B
LIHEN
8
LOIRE
LUFKIN
LAPORTE
LEDGEFORK
A
c
LI HUE
LOLAK
0
LUHON
LA POST*
A
LEDGER
0
LIKES
LOLAL ITA
B
LUJANE
LA PkAIRlE
B
LEORU
0
LILAH
LOLEKAA
B
LUKIN
LARABEE
B
LEOY
LILLlKAUP
LOLETA
C/D LULA
LARANO
B
LEE
0
LIMA
LOLO
A
LULINC
LARCHMOUNT
B
LEEDS
c
L1MANI
LOLON
A
LUMBEE
LAROfcLL
C
LEEFIELO
LIMBER
LOMA
C
LUMMI
LAREDO
B
LEELANAU
LIMERICK
LOMALTA
0
LUX
LARES
C
LEEPER
LIMON
LOMAX
B
LUNA
LARGENT
0
LEESVILLE
L1MONES
LOMIRA
8
LUNCH
LARGO
B
LEETON
L1MPIA
LOMITAS
D
LUND I MO
LARIN
A
LEETONIA
LINCO
LONDO
C
LUNOY
LARIMER
B
LEFOR
LINCOLN
LONE
C
LUNT
LARKIN
B
LEGLER
LINCROFT
LONE P INE
C
LUPPINO
LARKSON
C
LEGORE
UNO LEV
LONER ID CE
B
LUPTW
LA ROSE
B
LEHEH
c LI NOSEY
LONE ROCK
A
LUXA
LARRY
0
LEHIGH
c
L1NDSIDE
LONETREE
A
LUKAY
LARSON
0
LEHMANS
0
LINOSTRON
LONGFORD
C
LUTE
LARUE
A
LEHR
B
LINOV
LONGLOIS
B
LUTH
LARVIE
0
LEICESTER
LI NEVILLE
LONGMARE
0
LUTHER
LAS
C
LEILEHUA
B
LINGANORE
LONSMONT
C
LUTIE
LAS ANIMAS
c
LELA
0
LINKER
LONER IE
c
LUTON
LASAUSES
c
LELANO
0
LJNKVILLE
B
LONGVAL
LUVERNE
LAS FLORES
0
LEMETA
0
LlNNE
LONG VALLEY
B
LUXOR
LASHLEY
LEMING
c LINNET
LONGVIEH
C
LUZENA
LASIL
LEMM
0
B
LINNEUS
8
LONOKE
LVCAN
LAS LUCAS
LEMONEX
c
0
LINO
LOMT1
C
LYCOHIN6
LAS POSAS
c LEMPSTER
c/o LI NOTE R
LOOKOUT
C
LYOA
LASSEN
0
LEN
c LINSLAW
LOON
8
LYDICK
LASTANCE
B
LENA
A
LINT
LOPER
B
LYFORD
LAS VEGAS
0
LENAPAH
0
LINTON
D
LOPEZ
LYLES
NJTES
I MO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE DRAINEO/UNDRAINEO SITUATIM
C
C/D
/C
c
c
/c
c
B-12
D
C
0
C
C
C
C/O
C
•
B
B
0
0
B
D
0
C
C
C
C
B
B
C
0
8
C
B
B
A
0
C
C
0
8
C
C
1
0
0
B/C
C
C
C
C
0
C
C
0
0
C/O
C1
C
B
B
D
C
0
0
B
C
0
CI
C
B
Table '.•&+.!—Continued
MALIN
MALJAMAR
MALLOT
MALM
HALO
MALONE
MALOTERRE
MALPAIS
MALPOSA
MALVERN
MAMA LA
MAMOU
MANAHAA
MANALAPAN
MAN A HA
NANASSA
MABANX
MANASSAS
0
MANASTASH
C
MABEH
HAS I
0
MANATEE
MANAMA
MABRAY
0
MANCELONA
MACAR
B
MANCHESTER
MACEDONIA
C
MANDAN
MACFARLANE
B
MANOERFIELD
MACHETE
C
MANOEVILLE
HACHIAS
B
MANFRED
0
KACHUELO
MANGUM
MACK
C
MANHATTAN
0
NACKEN
MANH6IM
HACK I MAC
B
MACKS BURG
HANI
B
MANILA
B
NACOMB
MANISTEE
HACQHBEft
B
MANITOU
a
MACON
MANL6Y
HACY
B
MANLIUS
0
KAOALIN
MANLOVE
NADAHASKA
B
MANNING
HADDOCK
•A
MAN06UE
MADDOX
MANOR
C
MADELIA
MANSF-IELD
0
MADELINE
HAOERA
MANSIC
D
MANSKER
MADISON
B
MANTACHIE
MADONNA
C
NANTEO
MADRAS
C
MANTER
B
MADRID
MA DRONE
MANTON
C
MANTZ
MADURE2
B
KAFURT
B
MANU
B
MANVEl
MA GALLON
MANHOOD
MAG ENS
B
MANZANITA
0
MAGGIE
HANZAWO
MAGINNIS
C
MANZANOLA
D
MAGNA
MAPES
B
MAGNOLIA
MAPLE MOUNTAIN
C
MAGNUS
MAPLE TON
MA&OTSU
D
MARAG4JEZ
0
MAGUAYO
HAHAFFEY
C/D MARATHON
MAHAFFY
C/D MARBLE
MARBL6MOUNT
MAHALA
C
B/D
KARCELINAS
MAKALASVILLE
MARCETTA
MAHANA
B
B
MARCIAL
MAHASKA
MARCUM
MAHER
C
MA HONING
D
MARCUS
MARC USE
MAHUKONA
B
MARCY
MAIDEN
B
MARDEN
A
MAILE
MARDIN
MAINSTAY
D
MARENGO
MAJADA
8
MARESUA
B
MAKAALAE
MARGERUM
MAXALAPA
D
A
MARGUERITE
MAKAPILI
MARIA
MAKAUAQ
B
MAR 1 AKA
B
MAKAUELI
B
MARIAS
MAKENA
MARICAO
MAKIKI
B
MAR1COPA
A
MAKLAK
MARIETTA
MAKOT1
C
MARILLA
B
MAL
MARINA
B
MALA
MARION
MALABAR
A/0
MARIPOSA
MALA80N
C
MARISSA
MALACHY
B
MARKES
B
MALAGA
HARKEY
A
MALAMA
MARKHAM
MALAYA
0
MARKLANO
B
MALBIS
MARKSBORQ
MALCOLM
B
MARLA
MALETTI
C
MARLBORO
MALEZA
8
MARLEAN
MALIBU
D
NOTES
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC
TWO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS
LYMAN
LYMANSON
LYNCH
LYNCH8URG
LYNDEN
LYNNDVL
LYNN HAVEN
LYNNVILLE
LYNX
LYONMAN
LYONS
LYONSVILLE
LYSINE
LYSTA1R
LYTELL
C/D
C
0
B/0
A
A
B/0
C
B
C
D
B
D
B
B
B
MAY DAY
MARLETTE
D
MARLEY
C
MAYER
D
KARL IN
0
HAYES
D
MARLON
C
MAYFIELD
B
C
MAYFLOWER
MARLTON
C
B
MARHARTH
MAYHEM
D
D
MAYLAND
MARNA
C
HARPA
B
MAYMEN
D
0
MAYNARD LAKE
MARPLEEN
B
A
MAYO
B
MARQUETTE
MARK
B
MAYODAN
B
B
MAYOKORTH
MARRIOTT
C
MARSDEN
C
MAYSOORF
B
B
MARSELL
MAYSVILLE
B
C
MARSHALL
MAYTOHN
C
D
MAYVILLE
B
C
MARSHAN
B
MAYWOOO
MARSHDALE
C
B
MARSHFIELD
C
MAZEPPA
B
C
B
B/0
MARSING
MAZON
C
C
MAZUMA
C
MART
C
MARTELLA
8
MCAFEE
C
A
M CALL EN
C
B
A
MARTIN
A
B
MARTINA
MCALLISTER
C
e
D
MCALPIN
MART I NECK
C
B
D
MCBEE
B
MARTINEZ
MCBETH
B
D
D
MARTINI
B
MART INS BURG
MCBRIOE
B
D
B
MCCABE
B
A
MARTINSDALE
D
MCCAFFERY
A
MARTINSON
C
B
MCCAIN
C
C
MARTINSVILLE
HART I NT ON
MCCALEB
B
C
C
B
MCCALLY
D
B
MARTY
D
MCCAMMON
0
C
MARVAN
B
MCCANN
C
B
MARVELL
MCCARRAN
D
C
C
MARVIN
MCCARTHY
C
B
B
MARY
B
B
MCCLAVE
C
MARY DEL
MCCLEARY
D
C
D
MARYSLAND
MCCLELLAN
B
B
C
MAS ADA
MCCLOUD
MASCAMP
0
C
0
D
MASCHETAH
B
MCCOIN
B
D
MCCOLL
D
B
MASCOTTE
8
C
MCCDNNEL
C
MASHEL
a
C/D MASHULAVILLE
B/0 MCCOOK
B
MCCORNICK
C
B
MASON
MCCOY
C
C
B
MASONVILLE
B
B
B
MCCREE
MASSACK
HCCRORY
D
MASSENA
C
C
B
MCCROSKIE
D
MASSILLON
C
B
MCCUL LOUGH
C
MASTERSON
0
MCCULLY
MATAGORDA
D
C
C
D
C
MCCUNE
C
MATAMORQS
MCCUTCHEN
C
C
MATANUSKA
C
B
MCDOLE
B
C
MATANZAS
8
MCDONALD
B
B
MATAPEAKE
C
MCDONALDSVILLE
C
C/0 MATAWAN
A
MCEHEN
B
MATCHER
a
C
MCFADDEN
B
B
MATFIELO
MCFAIN
B
C
A
MATHERS
HATHERTON
B
MCFAUL
C
B
B
B
MCGAFFEY
MATHESQN
0
MCGARR
C
A
HAT HEMS
A
MCGARY
C
0
MATHIS
C
MCGEHEE
B
MATHISTON
C
MCGILVERY
0
0
MAT LOCK
C
D
MCGINTY
D
MATMON
B
MCGIRK
MATTAPEX
C
C
D
MCGOHAN
B
C
C
MATTOLE
MCGRATH
B
0
MAU
C
.B
MCGREH
A
C/D MAUDE
MCHENRY
B
C
B
HAUGHAN
A
C
MCILHAINE
B
MAUKEY
MCINTOSH
A/0
B
B
MAUMEE
0
MCINTYRE
B
B/C
MAUNABO
C
D
MAUPIN
MCKAMIE
C
MCKAY
D
D
0
MAUREPAS
MCKENNA
C/0
B
MAURICE
A
D
MCKENZIE
D
B
MAURINE
B
B
MCKINLEY
C
MAURY
MCKINNEY
D
MAVERICK
C
C
0
MCLAIN
C
A
MAVIE
MCLAURIN
B
A
0
MAHAE
B
MCLEAN
C
C
MAX
B
MAXEY
C
MCLEOO
C
MCMAHQN
:
C
D
HAXFIELD
MCMEEN
c
D
MAXSON
A
B
MCHULLIN
D
MAXTON
C
MCMUROIE
A
C
C
MAXVILLE
MCMURPHY
B
0
MAXWELL
C
B
MCMURRAY
A
MAY
D
MCNARY
MAY6ERRY
C
D
B
B
0
MCPAUL
B
HAYBESO
SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT BEEN
B/C INDICATES THE DRAINED/UNDRAINED SITUATION
C/0
B
A
C
B
B
0
C
C
C
0
C
C
B-13
MC P HE R SON
HCPHIE
MCOUARRIE
MCQUEEN
MCRAE
MCTAGGART
MCYICKERS
MEAD
MEADIN
MEAOOWVILLE
MEADVILLE
MEANDER
MECAN
MECCA
MECKESVILLE
MECKLENBURG
HEDA
MEOANQ
MEOARV
MEDFORO
MEDFR/k
MEDICINE LODGE
MEDINA
MEDLEY
MEDWAY
WEEKS
MEETEETSE
MEGGETT
MESON
HEHL
MEMLHORN
MEIGS
MEIKLE
MEISS
MELBOURNE
MELBY
MELITA
MELLENTHIN
HELLOR
MELLOTT
MELOLAND
MELROSE
MELSTQNE
MELTON
MELVILLE
MELVIN
MEMALQOSE
MEMPHIS
MENAHGA
MENAN
MENARD
MENCH
MENOEBOURE
MENDOCINO
MENDON
MENDOTA
MENEFEE
MENFRO
MENLO
HEXD
MENDKEN
MENDMINEE
MENTO
MENTOR.
MEBUON
MERCED
MERCEDES
MERCER
MERCEY
MEREDITH
MEKETA
MERGEL
MERIDIAN
MERINO
MERKEL
MERLIN
MERMILL
MERNA
MEROS
HERRIFIELD
MEiUILL
MERRILLAN
MERRIMAC
HERRITT
HE* ROUGE
ME»TON
MERTZ
MESA
MESCAL
MESCALERO
MESITA
MESKILL
DETERMINED
C
B
D
C
B
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
B
B
C
C
B
C
C
B
u
B
B
B
B
A
D
D
C
C
C
D
D
B
C
B
0
D
B
C
C
A
B
B
D
D
B
A
C
B
C
C
B
B
B
D
B
D
C
C
8
C
B
C
C/D
D
C
e
B
C
B
8
0
8
0
6/0
0
A
B
C
C
A
B/C
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
c
MESMAN
C
MINORA
C
MONT OVA
MURDOCH
0
C
NAVARRO
MESPUN
A
KIN TO
C
MONTPELLIER
MUREN
C
B
N /WE SINK
XESSER
C
MINU
0
MONT ROSE
B
NURRILL
B
NAYLOR
MET
D
MINVALE
B
MONT VALE
0
HURVILLE
D
NAYPED
METAL1NE
B
MIRA
D
MONTVERDE
A/D MUSCATINE
B
NAZ
METAMQRA
B
MIRABAL
C
HONTWEL
C
MUSE
C
N-BAR
METEA
B
MIRACLE
B
MONUE
B
MUSELLA
B
NEAPOLIS
METHOW
B
M1RAMAR
B
MOODY
B
MUSICK
B
NEBEKER
HETIGOSHt
A
MIRANDA
MOOHOO
D
B
MUS1NIA
B
NESGEN
B
METOLIUS
MIRES
B
MOOSE RIVER
0
MUSKINGUM
C
NEBISH
METRE
0
MIRROR
B
MORA
B
HUSK OGEE
C
NEBO
METZ
A
MIRROR LAKE
A
MORAOO
C
MUSQUIZ
NECHE
MEXICO
0
MISSION
B
MORALES
0
MUSSEL
B
NEDERLAND
HHOON
0
MITCH
B
MORO
MUSS ELS HELL
B
NEEOHAM
MIAMI
B
MITCHELL
B
MOREAU
0
NUSSEY
D
NEEDLE PEAK
MIAMIAN
C
MITIWANGA
C
MORE HE AD
MUSTANG
A/D NEEDM3RE
HI CCO
A/3 MITRE
C
MOREHOUSE
MUTUAL A
NEELEY
B
MJCHELSON
B
MIZEL
D
MORE LA NO
D
MUTUAL
B
NEESOPAH
MICH1GAMM6
C
MI I PAH
C
MORE LA NOT ON
A
MYAKKA
A/0 NEGITA
HICK
B
MOANO
D
HORET
0
MYATT
B/0 NEGLEY
MIDAS
D
MOAPA
0
MOREY
D
MYERS
D
NEHALEH
MIDDLE
C
MOAULA
A
MORFITT
B
MYERSVILLE
B
NEHAR
MIDDLEBURY
B
MOBEETIE
B
MORGANF1ELO
B
MYLREA
B
NEKTON
MIDESSA
B
MOCA
0
MORGNEC
MYRICK
NEISSON
D
MIDLAND
0
HOC HO
B
MORIARTY
0
MYRTLE
B
NEKIA
MIDNIGHT
D
MODA
0
MORICAL
C
MYSTEN
A
NELLIS
MI OVAL E
C
MQDALE
C
MORLEY
MYST I C
D
NELMAN
MIDWAY
D
MODEL
C
MORMON MESA
0
MYTON
B
NELSCOTT
M1FFL1N
B
MODE NA
8
MOROCCO
A/C
NELSON
MIFFL1NBURG
B
MODESTO
C
MORONI
D
NAALEHU
B
NEKAH
MIGUEL
D
MODOC
C
MOROP
C
NABESNA
D
NEMOTE
MIKE
D
MOENKOPIE
0
MORRILL
B
NACEVILLE
C
NENANA
MIKESELL
C
MOEP1TZ
B
MORRIS
C
B
NACHES
NENNO
MILACA
B
MOFFAT
B
MORRISON
8
NACIMIENTO
C
NEDLA
MILAN
B
MOGOLLON
MORROW
B
C
NACOGDOCHES
B
NEDTDMA
MILES
B
MOGUL
B
MORSE
D
NADEAN
B
NEPALTO
MILFDRD
C
MOHALL
B
MORTENSON
C
NADINA
NEPEST*
D
M1LHAM
C
MOHAVE
B
MORTON
B
NAFF
B
NEPH1
MILHEIM
L
MOHAKK
B
MORVAL
B
NAGEESI
B
NEPPEL
B
MILL
MOIRA
C
MOSBY
C
NAGITSY
. C
NEPTUNE
MILLARD
B
MOKELUMNE
0
HOSCA
A
NAGLE
B
NERESON
HILLBORO
MOKENA
D
C
MOSCOW
C
NAGOS
D
NESDA
MILLBROOK
MOKIAK
B
B
MOSEL
C
NAHATCHE
C
NESHAM1NY
MILLBURNE
B
MOKULEIA
B
MOSHANunN
B
NAHMA
C
NESIKt
MILLCREEK
B
MOLANC
B
KOSHER
0
NAHUNTA
C
NESKAHI
MILLER
0
KOLCAL
B
MOSHERVILLE
C
NAIHA
B
NESKOMIN
MILLERLUX
MOLENA
0
A
MOSIDA
B
NAKAI
B
NESPELEM
MILLERTON
MOLINOS
D
B
MOSQUE T
0
NAKNEK
D
NESS
MILLETT
t
D
MOLLV.ILLE
MOSSYROCK
8
NALDO
B
NESSEL
MILLGROVE
B/0 MOLLY
B
MOTA
B
NAMBE
B
NESSOPAH
MILL HOLLOW
B
HOLOKAI
MOTLEY
B
NAMON
C
NESTER
MILL1CH
MOLSON
B
D
MOTOOUA
D
NANAMKIN
A
NESTUCCA
MILLIKEN
MOLYNEUX
C
B
MOTTSVILLE
A
NANCY
B
NETARTS
MILLINGTON
B
MONAD
A
MCULTON
B/0 NANNY
B
NETCDNG
MILLIS
MONAHAN
C
0
MOUND
NANNY TON
C
8
NETO
MILLRACE
B
MONAHANS
B
MOUNTAINBURG
0
NANSENE
B
NETTLETON
MILL5AP
C
MQNAROA
D
MOUNTAINV1EH
fi/D NANTUCKET
C
NEUBERT
MILLSDALE
B/3 MONCLOVA
B
NANUM
MOUNTAINVILLE
B
C
NEUNS
M1LLSHOLM
C
MONDAM1N
C
MOUNT AIRY
A
NAPA
D
NEUSKE
MILLVILLE
B
MONDOVI
B
MOUNT CARROLL
B
NAPAISHAK
D
NEVAOOR
MILLWOOD
D
MONEE
D
MOUNT HOME
B
NAPAVINE
B
NEVILLE
MILNER
C
MUNI CO
B
MOUNT HOOD
B
NAPIER
B
NEV1N
MILPITAS
MONIDA
C
B
MOUNT LUCAS
C
NAPLENE
B
NEVINE
MILROY
D
MONITtAU
0
MOUNT OLIVE
D
NAPLES
9
NEVKA
MILTON
C
MONMOUTH
C
MOUNT VI 6K
B
NAPPANEE
D
NEVOYER
H1MBRES
C
MONO
D
MOVILLE
C
NAPTOHNE
B
NEVTAH
MIMOSA
MONOLITH
C
C
MOWATA
D
NARANJITO
C
NEVU
MINA
MONONA
C
B
MOWER
C
NARANJO
C
NEWARK
MI NAM
MONONGAHELA
B
C
HOY E RS ON
D
NARCISSE
B
NEWART
MINATARc
0
MONROE
B
MOY1NA
D
NARC
B
NEWAYGO
MINCHEY
B
MONRCEVILLE
C/D MUCARA
D
NARLON
NEWBERG
C
MINCO
a
MONSE
B
MUCET
C
NA RON
B
NEWBERR.Y
MINOALE
B
MONSERATE
C
MUORAY
D
NARRAGANSETT
B
NEWBY
MINOEGO
e
D
MONTAGUE
MUD SPRINGS
C
NARROWS
D
NEW CAMBRIA
MINOEMAN
B
MONTALTO
C
HUGHOUSE
C
NASER
B
NEWCASTLE
XINPEN
MONTARA
0
MUIR
B
NASH
B
NEKCDMB
MINE
B
MONTAUK
C
MUI RKI RK
6
NASHUA
A
NEWDALE
MINECiLA
MQNTCALH
A
MUKILTEO
D
NASHVILLE
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8
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c
PUSTOI
NJTES
NEH Notice 1|-102, August 1972
B-16
D
D
c
c
C
8
c
B
B
B
0
A
B
C
c
B
C
D
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A
8
0
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A
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0
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8
8
0
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D
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C
C
A
D
A
C
0
D
D
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0
A
PUTNAM
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A
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RET
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ROTTULEE
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B
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C
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C
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RADERSBURG
B
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0
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0
B
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0
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ROBINSON
D
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C
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C
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ROEMER
RUCLICK
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0
C
ROESIGER
RIDGE LAWN
A
B
RUDD
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REE
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0
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C
RUDYARD
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C
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ROIC
RI ET BROCK
ROKEBY
D
RUGGLES
D
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0
RANDALL
NOTES
R AND MAN
RANDOLPH
RANDS
RANGER
RANIER
RANKIN
RANTOUL
RANYHAN
RAPELJE
RAPHO
D
D
C
D
C
C
D
B
C
B
B
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B
C
B
B
C
C
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D
B
D
B
C
0
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B
B
B
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D
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
B/a
c
c
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c
c
c
NEH Notice k-I02, August 1972
B-17
C
C
0
c
D
C
B
C
C
C
D
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B
B
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C
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B
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B
B
C
B
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0
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C
C
C
c
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c
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RUMNEY
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RUSHVILLE
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C
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C
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SALMON
8
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0
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SALONIE
0
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8
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C/D SATTLEY
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B/D SHEOO
B
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SILVER
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0
SATTRE
B
SEBREE
D
SHEEGE
D
SILVERADO
SALT CHUCK
A
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B
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0
SHEEP CREEK
C
SILVERBOH
SALTER
B
SATUS
B
SEBUD
B
SHEEP HE AO
C
SILVER CREEK
SALTERY
0
SAUCIER
B
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C/0 SHEEPROCK
A
SILVERTON
SALT LAKb
SAUDE
B
0
SECCA
C
SHEET IRON
B
SILVIES
SAUGATUCK
SALUDA
C
SECRET
C
SHEFFIELD
0
SI MAS
SALUVIA
SAUGUS
B
SECRET CREEK
B
SHELBURNE
C
SIMCOE
NJTES
TWO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE ORAINED/UNORAINEO SITUATION
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
e
c
c
c
a
c
c
c
c
c
NEH Notice 1*-102, August
B-18
1972
B
B
D
B
A
A
0
8
C
C
c
B
A
A
C
B
8
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0
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B
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0
0
D
B
C
c
D
B
0
0
C
B
C
0
c
B
B
B
0
8
C
B
B
A
C
0
B
a
0
B
C
B
D
B
0
B
B
0
A
C
C
0
0
c
D
C
C
A
SNOW
SIMEON
0
SNOWDEN
S1MMLER
C
SIMMONT
SNOWLIN
A
SIMNER
SNOWVILLE
SIMON
C
SNOWY
D
SOAKPAK
SIMON A
C
SIHOTE
SOAP LAKE
B
SOBOBA
SIMPERS
SIMPSON
C
SOBRANTE
SOOA LAKE
SIMS
D
SINAI
C
SODHOUSE
SINCLAIR
C
iODUS
SINE
C
SOELBERG
SOFIA
SINGLETREE
B
SOGN
SINGSAAS
SINNIGAM
C
SOGZIE
SINOMAX
B
SOKOLOF
8
SOLANO
SINTON
SINUK
D
SOLDATNA
B
SION
SOLDIER
SIOUX
A
SOL DUC
SOLDUC
A
SIPPLE
B
SIRI
SOLLEKS
SI SKI YOU
B
SOLLER
B
SOLOMON
SISSETON
B
SOLONA
SISSON
SOMBRERO
C
SITES
B
SOMERS
SITKA
B
SOMERSET
SIXMILE
B
SIZEMORE
SOMERVELL
B
SOMSEK
SIZER
B
SONOITA
SKAGGS
SKAGIT
B/C SONOMA
A
SONTAG
SKA HA
C
SOPER
SKALAN
B
SOQUEL
SKAMANIA
B
SKAMOKAWA
SORDO
SKANEE
C
SORF
SKELLOCK
B
SORRENTO
C
SORTER
SKERRY
SOSA
B
SKIOMORE
C
SOTELLA
SKILLET
SOTIM
SKINNER
C
SOUTHFORK
SKIYOU
SKOKOMISH
B/C SOUTHGATE
SKOOKUMCHUCK
B
SOUTHW1CK
B
SPAA
SKOWHEGAN
0
SPACE CITY
SKULL CREEK
0
SKUMPAH
SPADE
SKUTUM
C
SPALDING
SPAN
SKYBERG
C
SPANAWAY
SKYHAVEN
D
B
SPANEL
SKYKOMISH .
SKYLICK
SPARTA
C
SPEARFISH
0
SKYLINE
B
SPEARMAN
SKYWAY
D
SPtARVILLE
SLAB
SPECK
C
SLATE CREEK
C
SPECTER
SLAUGHTER
D
SPEELYAI
SLAVEN
B
SLAWSON
SPEIGLE
SPENARO
SLAYTON
D
SPENCER
SLEETH
C
SPENLO
SLETTEN
0
SPERRY
SLICK ROCK
B
D
SPICER
SLIGHTS
B
SPILLVILLE
SLIGO
SLIKOK
0
SPINKS
B
SPIRES
SLIP
SPIRIT
B/C
SLIPMAN
SLOAN
0
SPIRO
SLOCUM
B
SPLENOORA
SPLITRD
C
SLOOUC
SPOFFORD
C
SLOSS
B
SPOKANE
SLUICE
B
SPUNSELLER
SMARTS
A
SPOON 8UTTE
SMITH CREEK
B
SPOONER
SMITHOALE
B
SPOTTSWOOD
SMITHNeCK
0
SPRAGUE
SMITHTON
SKOLAN
C
SPRECKELS
0
SPRING
SMOOT
SPRING CREEK
SNAG
B
SNAHOPISH
B
SPRINGOALE
SNAKE
C
SPRINGER
SNAKE HOLLOW
B
SPRINGERVILLE
B
SPRINGFIELD
SNAKELUM
0
SPRINGMEYER
SNEAD
C
SPRINGTOWN
SHELL
B
SPROUL
SNELLING
SPUR
D
SN3HOMISH
B
SPURLOCK
SNOQUALMIE
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC
NOTES
TWO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS
c
c
B
SOUALICUM
B
STISSING
C
SURGH
SOU AW
B
STIVERSVILLE
B
SURPRISE
SQUILLCHUCK
B
STOCKBRIDGE
B
SURRENCY
STOCK LAND
SOUIMER
B
B
SURVYA
SQUIRES
B
STOCKPEN
D
SUSIE CREEK
STOCKTON
D
SUSITNA
ST. ALBANS
B
B
STO01CK
D
ST. CHARLES
SUSQUEHANNA
ST. CLAIR
D
SUTHER
0
STOKES
C
ST. ELMO
A
STOMAR
C
SUTHERLIN
B
ST. GEORGE
C
B
SUTLEW
STONER
D
ST. HELENS
A
STONEWALL
A
SUTPHEN
C
ST. IGNACE
C
STONO
B/D SUTTLER
B
ST. JOE
B/D STONYFORO
D
SUTTON
B
ST. JOHNS
B/D STOOKEY
B
SVEA
D
ST. LUCIE
A
B
STORDEN
SVERDRUP
B
B
ST. MARTIN
C
STORLA
SVOLD
B
ST. MARYS
B
STORM1TT
B
SWAGER
D
STORM KING
ST. NICHOLAS
0
0
SWAKtNE
B
ST. PAUL
B
STORY
C
SWAN
C
ST. THOMAS
0
STOSSEL
C
SWANBOY
B
STAATSBURG
STOUGH
C
SWANNER
B
STABLER
B
D
STOWELL
SWAN SON
STACY
C
B
STOY
C
SWANTON
STAOY
STRAIGHT
0
B
C
SWANTOWN
D
STAFFORD
E
C
STRAIN
SWAPPS
STRASBURG
B
STAGECOACH
B
C
SWARTSWOOD
0
STAHL
STRATFORD
B
SWARTZ
C
STALEY
B
C
SWtSEY
C
STRAUSS
0
STAMBAUGH
STRAW
B
SWASTIKA
8
B
B
STAMFORD
D
STRAWN
SWATARA
STAMPEDE
SWAUK
C
D
STREATOR
C
B
STAN
SWAWILLIA
B
STRDLE
B
D
STANOISH
B
SWEATMAN
C/D STRONGHURST
0
STANEY
STRONTIA
B
SWEDE
D
B/C STANFIELD
C
STROUPE
C
SWEDEN
B
C
B
SWEEN
STANLEY
STRYKER
STANSBURY
C
SWEENEY
C
D
STUBBS
STUCKCREEK
B
C
STANTON
SWEET
D
D
B
STAPLETON
B
STUKEL
SWEETGRASS
STUKEY
B/D STARBUCK
B
SWEETWATER
D
' A SWENODA
C
STARGO
B
STUMBLE
STUMPP
C
STARICHKOF
D
SWIFTCREEK
D
B
STUMP SPRINGS
B
SWIFTON
STARKS
C
B
SWIMS
D
STARLEY
D
STUNNER
STUTTGART
D
STARR
SWINGLER
D
B
SWINK
STASER
B
STUTZMAN
C
C
D
STUTZVILLE
B/C SWIS80B
STATE
B
A
SUBLETTE
B
SWITCHBACK
STATEN
0
SUOBURY
B
B
B
SWITZERLAND
STATLER
STAVE
D
D
SUDDUTH
C
SW3PE
D
D
SUFFIELD
C
SWYGERT
STAYTON
SUGAR LOAF
B
STEAMBOAT
B
D
SYCAM3RE
D
D
STEARNS
D
SUISUN
SYCAN
A
B
SYLACAUGA
STECUM
A
SULA
B
A
SULLY
B
SYLVAN
STEED
SULPHUR A
D
C
STEEOMAN
D
SYMERTON
B
SULTAN
SYStREP
C
STEEKEE
C
B
B/C SYRACUSE
D
STEELE
SUMAS
SUMDUM
D
0
STEtSE
C
SY*ENE
STEFF
SUMMA
B
SYRETT
C
C
6
SUMMERFIELO
C
STEGALL
C
B
D
STEIGER
A
TABERNASH
SUMMERS
B
STEINAUER
B
SUMMERVILLE
C
TABIONA
B
STEINBECK
C
TABLE MOUNTAIN
B
SUMMIT
0
SUMHITVILLE
B
C
STEINMETZ
TA8LER
C
TABOR
C
STEINS BURG
C
SUMTER
B
D
STEIHER
C
SUN
TAC*N
A
STELLAR
SUNBURST
C
C
D
SUNBURY
B
TACDOSH
STEMILT
C
SUNCOOK
A
B
STENOAL
TAFT
B
C
TAGGERT
STEPHEN
C
SUND
TAWOMA
C
STEPHENSBURG
B
SUNCELL
C
D
B
TAHQUIHENON
STEPHENVILLE
SUNOERLAND
TAHQUATS
B
C
STERLING
B
SUNDOWN
B
STERLINGTON
B
SUNFIELO
B
TAINTOR
B
STETSON
B
SUNN I LAND
C
TAJO
SUNNYHAY
D
TAKEUJHI
C
STETTER
D
TAKILMA
C
STEUBEN
SUNNY SIDE
B
B
TAKOTNA
B
B
SUNNYVALE
C
STEVENS
SUNRAY
B
TtLAG
B/C STEVENSON
B
C
D
T4LANTE
STEWART
D
SUNRISE
C/D STICKNEY
B
C
SUNSET
TtLAPUS
STIDHAN
SUNSHINE
C
TALBOTT
C
A
TALCOT
B
STIGLER
SUNSWEET
C
C
B
STILLMAN
D
TALIHINA
A
SUNUP
D
B
STILLWATER
D
SUPAN
TALKEETNA
D
C
STILSON
B
SUPERIOR
TALLAC
A
C
STIMSON
TALLADEGA
B/C SUPERSTITION
SUPERVISOR
C
STINGAL
B
C
TALLAPOOSA
D
STINSON
B
C
SUPPLEE
TALLEYVILLE
B
B
STIRK
SUR
TALLS
D
B
STIRUM
SURGEM
C
TALLULA
B
SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT 3EEN DETERMINED
B/C INDICATES THE ORAINEO/UNORAINEO SITUATION
C
B
D
A
B
B
A
TACOMA
c •
c/o
B-19
1972
8
B
B/D
C
D
B
0
C
j
B/C
0
B
B
B
B
C
C
c
c
D
D
B
B/D
C
C
C
D
D
C
A
C
A
C
B
8
C
B
C
B
0
B
B
A
A
C
0
D
C
B
C
C
B/C
A
B/D
B
B
B
B
0
C
B
B
B
D
D
B
0
D
C
C
B
D
C
C
C
C
8
B
0
C
B
C
C
D
C
B
C
C
B
B
B
TALLY
B
TENINQ
B
TIGERON
A
TQMERA
D
TRENTON
TALMAGE
A
TENNO
0
TOM1CHI
TIGIHON
B
A
THEP
TAL.tO
B
TENORIO
TIGRET1
B
TOMOKA
A/D TRES HERMANOS
TALOKA
0
TENOT
C
TIGUA
D
TONASKET
B
TRETTEN
TALPA
0
TENRA6
8
TIJERAS
B
TONATA
C
TREVINO
TAMA
B
0
TENSAS
TILFORO
TON AH AN DA
B
C
TREXLER
TAMAHA
C
TENSED
C
TILLED A.
B
TONEY
D
TRIAMI
TAMALCO
0
TENSLEEF
B
TILLICUM
B
TONGUE RIVER
C
TRIASSIC
TAMBA
TEOCLU.II
B
TILLMAN
C
TONINI
B
TRICON
TAMELY
TEPEE
0
T1LMA
C
TONKA
C
TRIOELL
TAMMANY CREEK
B
TE.PET6
B/0 TILSIT
C
TONKEY
D
TRIDENT
TAMMANY RIOGE
B
TERBIES
C
TILTON
B
TONKIN
C
TRIGO
TERESA
TAMMS
C
C
T I MB ERG
C
TONKS
B/D TRIMBLE
:ERINO
TAMPICO
B
0
TIMBERLY
TONOPAH
B
B
TRIMMER
TANANA
0
TERMINAL
0
TIM8LIN
0
TONOR
C
TRINCHERA
TJMENrw*
TAN ANA
TERMO
0
C
B
TONDKEK
B
TRINITY
TANBERC
TEROU€E
0
0
TIMKEN
0
A
TONKA
TRI3MAS
TANDY
C
TERRA CEIA
A/0 T1MMERMAK
B
TONS I NA
TRIPIT
B
TANEUH
C
TERRA?
D
TIMMONS
B
TONUCO
C
TRIPL6N
TANEY
TERRER*
C
TIMPAHUTE
C
D
TOOLE
0
TRIPOLI
TANGAIR
TERRETON
C
C
TIMPANOGOS
B
TOOMES
0
T*IPP
TANNA
TERRI,.
TIMPER
C
B
D
TOP
C
TRITON
TANNER
C
TERRY
B
B
TOP I A
TRIX
TIMPOONEKE
D
TANSEH
B
TERWILL1GER
C
T I HULA
B
TOPPENISH
B/C TROJAN
TANTALUS
A
A
TINA
TESAJO
C
TOPTON
TRDMMALO
TANHAX
TESCOTT
0
C
TINDAHAY
A
TOSUERVILLE
TROMP
C
TAOPI
B
C
TINE
TESUOU6
A
TOQUOP
A
TRONSEN
TAOS
TETON
0
A
TINGEY
B
TORBDY
B
TRDOK
TAPIA
TETONIA
B
C
TINSLEY
A
TORCHLIGHT
C
TRQPAL
TETONKA
TAPPEN
0
C
TINTON
A
TOROIA
D
TROSI
TARA
B
TETOTUM
C
TINYTOMN
B
TORHUNTA
TROUP
C
TARKIO
0
TEU
B/0 TIOCANO
0
TORNING
B
TROUT CREEK
TARKLIN
TEX
B
C
TIOGA
TORODA
B
B
TR3UTDALE
TARPO
B
TIPPAH
C
TEXL1NE
C
TORONTO
C
TR3UT LAKE
TARRANT
0
TEIUMA
C
B
TIPPECANOE
TORPEDO LAKE
D
TROUT RIVER
THACKERY
B
TARRETE
0
TIPPER
A
TORREON
C
TROUTVILLE
THAOER
TARRY ALL
B
C
TIPPERARY
A
B
TORRES
TROXEL
TASCOSA
THAGE
TIPPIPAH
TROY
B
C
0
TORRINGTON
B
TASSEL
THANYON
A
TIPPO
TORRO
0
C
C
TRUCE
THATCHER
TATE
B
TIPTON
B
TORS I DO
B
D
TRUCKEE
THAT UNA
TATIYEE
C
C
TIPTONVILLE
B
TORTUGAS
D
TRUCKTON
TATU
B
TIRO
TOSTON
C
THAYNE
C
D
TRUEFISSURE
TATUM
B
TISBURV
C
THEBES
B
TOTELAKE
A
TRUESDALE
TAUNT ON
THE BO
0
TISCH
C
C
TOTEM
B
TRULL
TAVAJES
A
C
B
TRULOU
THEOALUNO
TISH TANG
B
TOTTEN
TAMAS
A/0 THENAS
C
TITUSVILLE
C
TOUCHET
B
TRUMAN
TAHCAH
C
THEO
C
A
TOUHEY
B
TIVERTON
TRUMBULL
TAYLOR
THERESA
C
B
B
TRUMP
TIVOU
A
TOULON
TAYLOR CREfK
THERIOT
0
TIYY
0
C
TOURN
C
TRYON
THERMAL
C
TOA
TOURNQUIST
TAYLORSFLAT
0
B
TSCHICOMA
C
TAYLORSV1LUE
0
T06ICQ
C
TKERKOPOLIS
0
TOURS
B
TUB
TAYSDH
B
B
THESS
TOBIN
B
A
TOUTLE
TU8AC
TAZLINA
A
THETFORO
A
TOBISH
C
TOMER
D
TUCANNON
A
TOBLER
TlCKERMAN
TEAL
0
THIEL
B
TOWHEE
D
TKI OKOl
TEALSCN
C
C
TOBOSA
D
TOWNER
B
TUCSON
TEALUHIT
THOENY
0
TOBY
C
B
TOHNLEY
C
TUCUMCARI
TE ANA WAY
THOMAS
0
TOCCOA
TOWNSBURY
C
B
B
TUFF1T
0
TEAPO
B
THORNOALE
TOOO
.B
TOWN SEND
C
TUSHILL
TEAS
THORNOIKE
C
C/D TODDLER
B
TOWSON
B
TUJUNGA
THORNOCK
B
0
TEASDALE
TOODVILLE
8
TOXAWAY
D
TUHEY
TEBO
B
THORNTON
0
TOE HEAD
TOY
D
TUKMILA
C
TECHICK
THCRNWOOD
B
B
TOEJA
C
TOYAH
B
TULA
B
TECOLOTE
B
THOROUGHFARE
TOEM
TOZE
B
C
TUUANA '
TECUHSAH
B
THORP
C
TOGO
B
TRABUCO
C
TULARE
TEOROM
THORR
B
B
TOGUS
TRACK
0
B/C TULAROSA
TEEL
B
THORREL
B
TOHONA
TRACY
B
TULIA
C
TEHACHAPI
0
THOM
B
TOINE
C
TRAER
C
TULLAHASSEE
T 01 SNOT
TEHANA
C
THREE MILE
0
0
TRAIL
A
TULLER
TEJA
(
THROCK
C
TOIYABE
C
TRAIL CREEK
B
TULLOCK
TEJON
B
THUNDEKBIRD
D
TOKEEN
B
TRAM
B
TULLY
TEKOA
C
THURBER
C
TOKUL
C
TRANSYLVANIA
B
TULUKSAK
TELA
THURLON1
B
TOLBY
C
A
A
TRAPPER
TUHBEZTELEFONO
THURLOH
C
C
TOLEDO
0
TRAPPIST
TUMEY
C
THURMAN
A
TELEPHONE
0
TOLICHA
D
TRAPPS
B
TUKITAS
TELFER
A
THURMONT
B
TOLKE
B
TRASK
C
TJMWATER
TtLFERNER
D
THURSTON
B
TOLL
A
0
TRAVELERS
TyJEHEAN
TEL IDA
B
0
TIAGOS
TOLLGATE
B
TRAVER
B/C TUNICA
TELL
B
TIAK
C
D
TRAVESSILLA
0
TOLLHOUSE
TUNIS
TELLER
B
TIBAN
B
TOLMAN
O
TRAVIS
TUNITAS
C
I ELL I CO
TOLNA
B
TIBBITTS
6
B
TRAWICK
B
TUNKHANNOCK
TELLMAN
B
TICA
D
TOLO
TRAY
B
C
TUNNEL
TELSTAO
B
TICE
C
TOLSONA
TREAD WAY
D
0
TUPELO
TICHIGAN
TcMESCAL
0
C
TOLSTOI
0
TREASURE
8
TUPUKNUK
TEMPLE
0
B/C TICHNOA
TOLT
D
TREBLOC
D
TUQUE
TEHVIK
B
T1CKAPOO
0
TOLTEC
C
C
TREGO
TURBEVILLE
T1CKASON
TENABO
0
B
TOLUCA
B
0
TRELONA
TURBOTVILLE
TENAHA
B
T I DWELL
0
TOLVAR
B
B
TREMANT
TURBYFILL
TENAS
TIERRA
O
TOMAH
C
TREMBLES
B
TURIN
C
TENCEE
D
TIE TON
B
TOMAS
A
TURK
B
TREMPE
TENERIFFE
TIFFANY
C
C
TOHAST
B
TREMPEALEAU
TURKEYSPRINGS
C
TENEX
A
B
TIFION
TOME
TRENARY
B
TURLEY
B
TENIBAC
B
TIGER CREEK
B
TOMEL
B
TURLIN
0
TRENT
NOTES
A BLANK HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP INDICATES THE SOIL GROUP HAS NOT BEEN 3ETERMINED
TWO SOIL GROUPS SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE DRAINED/UNORAINEO SITUATION
c/c
NEH Notice i»-102, August 1972
B-20
D
B
B
C
D
C
C
C
B
D
C
B
B
C
0
B
C
B
C
B
C
B
B
D
C
C
B
D
0
A
C
B
C
A
8
B
C
C
C
B
A
C
C
B
B
D
0
D
B
C
C
C
D
B
B
0
D
A
C
D
C
C/D
C/D
B
B
C
D
B
C
0
D
0
B
A
D
0
D
B
A
B
D
D
B
C
C
B
B
O
C
C
B
Table B~l—Continued
TURNSGW
TURNER
TURNERV1LLE
TURNEY
TURRAH
TURRET
TURRIA
TURSON
TUSCAN
TUSCARAWAS
TUSCARORA
TUSCOLA
TUSCUMBIA
TUSEL
TUSKEEGO
TUSLER
TUS8U1TEE
TUSTIN
TUSTUMENA
TUTHILL
TUTNI
TUTWILER
TUXEDO
TUXEKAN
TWIN CREEK
TWINING
TW1SP
TWO DOT
TYBO
TYEE
TYGART
TYLER
TYNDALL
TYNER
TYRONE
TYSON
B
WADDELL
WARDEN
WADDOUPS
B
WASDWELL
B
WAOELL
WARE
WADENA
B
WAtEHAM
B
WARMAN
WADES BORO
D
WADLEIGH
WARM SPRINGS
D
WADMALAW
WARNERS
WADSWORTH
C
WARREN
B
WAGES
WARRENTON
D
WAGNER
WARRIOR
A
WAGRAM
WARSAW
VACHERIE
WAHA
C
C
WARSING
VADER
D
WARWICK
B
WAHEE
VADO
B
WASATCH
B
WAHIAWA
VAIDEN
D
B
WASEPI
WAHIKULI
VAILTON
WAHKEENA
B
B
WASHBURN
B
VALBY
B
C
WAHKIACUS
WASHINGTON
B
VALCO
B
C
WAHLUKE
WASHOE
D
B
VALDEZ
WAHHONIE
WASHOUGAL
B/C
B
VALE
B
WASHTENAW
WAHPETON
C
B
WASILLA
VALENCIA
B
WAHT1GUP
B
VALENT
A
W1SIOJA
B
WAHTUM
0
D
VALENTINE
A
WAIAHA
WASSAIC
B
VALERA
WATAB
C
C
WAIAKOA
B
D
WATAUGA
VALKARIA
B/0
WAIALEALE
B
C
VALLAN
D
WAIALUA
WATCHAUG
B
D
WATCHUNG
VALLECITOS
C/D
WAIAWA
0
WATERBORO
C
VALLEONO
B
WAIHUNA
B
WATERBURY
0
VALLERS
C
WAIKALOA
VALHONT
B
WATERINO
D
C
WAIKANE
VALHY
B
WATERS
C
B
WAIKAPU
D
D
B
WATKINS
VALOIS
WAIKOMO
B
B/C VAMER
D
WAILUKU
WATKINS RIDGE
B
A
VANAJO
D
WATO
WAIMEA
B
WATDPA
C
D
VANANOA
WAINEE
A
WATROUS
WAINOLA
C
VAN BOREN
WATSEKA
C
VANCE
C
WAIPAHU
VANDA
D
B
WATSON
UANA
D
WAISKA
B
WATSONIA
VANDAL I A
WAITS
UBAR
C
C
.D
UBLY
B
VANDERDASSON
0
WAKE
WATSONVILLE
B
WATT
0
VANOERGRIFT
C
WAKEEN
UCOLA
WAKEF1ELD
B
WATTON
C
VANDERHOFF
D
UCOLQ
A
B/D WAUBAY
B
VANDERLIP
WAKELANO
UCOPIA
C
WAUBEEK
0
VAN DUSEN
6
WAKDNDA
UDEL
A
VANET
WAKULLA
C
D
WAUBONSIE
UOOLPHO
WAUCHJLA
B
D
VANG
B
WALCOTT
UFFENS
VANHORN
C
WAUCOMA
D
B
WALDECK
UGAK
WAUCONDA
VAN NOSTERN
B
WALDO
D
B
UHLAND
VAN
KG
Y
D
B
B
WALDRON
WAUKEE
UHLIG
B
D
B
WALDROUP
WAUKEGAN
UINTA
VANOSS
WAUKENA
B
VANTAGE
C
WALES
UKIAH
C
WAUKON
ULEN
B
0
WALFDRD
C
VAN WAGONER
WAUMBEK
B
WALKE
C
ULLOA
VARCO
VARELUM
B
4AURIKA
B
ULM
WALL
B
VARICK
D
B
ULRICHER
WALLACE
WAUSEON
VAR1NA
WAVERLY
B
C
WALLA WALLA
B
ULUPALAKUA
B
VARNA
C
WALLER
B/0 WAWAKA
ULY
B
WALLINGTON
WAYCUP
VARRO
B
C
ULYSSES
A
B
VARYSBURG
B
WALL I S
WAYDEN
UMA
C/D WAYLAND
UHAPINE
6/C VASHTI
C
B
WALLKILL
WAYNE
D
VASQUEZ
B
B
WALLMAN
C
UM1AT
WALLOWA
C
WAYNESBORO
UMIKOA
B
VASSALBORO
D
C
D
VASSAR
B
WALLPACK
C
WAYSIDE
C
UHIL
B/C WEA
B
WALLROCK
UMNAK
VASTINE
C
B
WALLS BURG
0
WEAVER
B
C
B
UNPA
VAUCLUSE
UUP QUA
B
D
WALLSON
B
WEBB
VAUGHNSV1LLE
C
C
C
WEBER
D
VAYAS
D
WALPOLE
UNA
D
WALSH
B
WEBSTER
UNA01LLA
B
VEAL
WALSHVILLE
WEDEKIND
B
VEAZIE
B
B
D
UNAWEEP
A
WEDERTZ
B
VEBAR
B
B
UNCOM
WALTERS
D
VECONT
C
WEDGE
UNCOHPAHGRE
D
C
WALTON
VEGA
WALUM
UNEEDA
B
B
B
WEDOWEE
C
B
B
VEGA ALTA
C
WALVAN
WEED
UNGERS
0
VEGA BAJA
WAMBA
UNION'
C
B
B/C WEEDING
WEEDMARK
B
VEKOL
D
B
UNIONTOWN
C
WAMIC
VELOA
B
B
UNIONVILLS
C
D
WAMPSVILLE
WEEKSVILLE
B
WEEPON
UN I SUN
C
VELMA
B
C
WANATAH
0
B
D
WEHADKEE
UPDIKE
VELVA
B
WANBLEE
A
WEIKERT
C
VENA
C
B
WANDO
UPSAL
VENANGO
A
WANETTA
A
WEIMER
UPSATA
C
B
WAN R LA
WEINBACH
C
VENATOR
D
C
C
UPSHUR
UPTON
C
VENETA
C
WANN
A
WEIR
0
WEIRMAN
URACCA
B
VENEZIA
D
B
WAPAL
WABANICA
C/D WEISER
URbANA
C
VENICE
D
D
WAPATO
URBO
D
VENLO
D
WABASH
D
B
WEISHAUPT
WAPELLO
URJCH
B
WABASHA
WAPINITIA
B
WEISS
D
VENUS
0
B
VERBOORT
D
WABASSA
B
WEITCHPEC
URNE
B/D WAPP1NG
WABEK
B
WELAKA
0
VEKOfc
C
B
WAPSIE
URSINE
VERDEL
WELBY
WACA
WARBA
B
URTAH
C
0
C
0
WELCH
VERDELLA
WACOTA
0
D
B
WARD
URWIL
A
B
VEROICO
D
WACOUSTA
C
WELD
USAL
WARDBORO
WELDA
USHAR
e
VERDIGRIS
B
D
WADAMS
6
WARDELL
NJTES
TWO SOIL G R O U P S SUCH AS B/C INDICATES THE D R A I N E O / U N O R A I N E D SITUATIDN
C
B
B
B
D
B
C
B/C
D
C
C
B
0
C
C
B
USINE
USKA
UTALINE
UTE
UTICA
UTLEY
UTUADO
UVADA
UVALDE
UWALA
B
0
B
C
A
B
B
0
C
B
c
c
a
c
VERDUN
VERGENNES
VERHALEN
VERMEJO
VERNAL
VERNAL1S
VERNIA
VERNON
VERONA
VESSER
VESTON
VETAL
VETERAN
VEYO
VIA
VIAN
VI BORAS
VIBORG
V1CKERY
VICKSBURG
VICTOR
VICTORIA
VICTORY
VICU
VIDA
V1DRINE
VIEJA
VIENNA
VIEQUES
VIEW
VIGAR
VIGO
VIGUS
VIKING
VIL
VILAS
VILLA GROVE
VILLARS
VILLY
VINA
VINCENNES
VINCENT
VINEYARD
VINGO
VININC
VINITA
VINLAND
VINSAD
VINT
VI NT ON
VIRA
VIRATON
VIRDEN
VIRGIL
VIRGIN PEAK
VIRGIN RIVER
VIRTUE
VISALIA
VISTA
VIVES
VIVI
VLASATY
VOCA
VOOERMAIER
VOLADORA
VOLCO
VOLE NT E
VOLGA
VOLIN
VOL1NIA
VOLKE
VOLKHAR
VOLMER
VOLNEY
VOLPERIE
VOLTAIRE
VOLUSIA
VONA
VORE
VROOMAN
VULCAN
VYLACH
0
D
0
D
B
B
A
D
C
C
0
A
B
0
B
B
0
B
C
B
A
D
B
D
B
C
0
B
B
C
C
D
C
D
D
A
B
B
D
B
C
C
C
6
C
C
C
C
B
B
C
C
C
B
0
0
C
B
c-
B-21
B
C
B
C
0
C
A/D
B/D
B
B
A
A
B
B
C
B
C/D
0
B
B
C
B
B
D
0
C
C
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
D
D
0
C
B
B
B
B/0
B
B
B
B
0
B
B
D
B/D
B/D
C
B
0
C/D
B
B
B
C
C
B
C
0
C
A
O
B
A/C
B
B/D
0
D
C/D
D
C
D
B
C
0
A
B
A
B
C
C
C
Table B-l__Continued
WICKIUP
C
HISNER
D
YALMER
B
ZUNOELL
WICKLIFFE
D
WITBECK
D
8
YAMAC
ZUNHALL
WICKSBURG
WITCH
B
D
YAMHILL
C
ZUNI
WIDTSOE
C
WITHAM
D
YAMPA
C
ZURICH
W1EHL
C
W1THEE
C
YAMSAY
D
2WINGLE
MIEN
0
WITT
YANA
8
B
WIGGLETON
B
WUZEL
YANCY
D
t
WIGTON
A
HCOEN
YARDLEY
B
C
HILBRAHAM
C
WODSKQW
B/C YATES
0
WILBUR
C
WOLCOTTSBURG
C
YAUCO
WILCO
WOLDALE
C/D YAWOIM
D
e/c W1LCOX
0
WOLF
YAWKEY
B
C
C
WILCGXSON
HOLFESEN
C
YAXON
B
B/C WILDCAT
D
WOLFESON
C
YEAHY
C
WOLFORD
WILDER
B
B
YEATES HOLLOW
C
C
WILDERNESS
C
WOLF POINT
D
YEGEN
B
B
WILDKOSE
D
WOLFTEVER
C
YELH
B
WILD WOOD
C
D
WOLVERINE
A
YENRAB
A
B
WILEY
C
WOODBINE
B
YEOMAN
B
C
WILKES
C
WOODBRIOGE
C
YESUM
B
B
WILKESON
C
WOODBURN
C
A
YETULL
0
WILKIMS
D
WOODBURY
D
YQDER
B
C
MILL
D
WOODCOCK
B
YOKOHL
0
B
WILLACY
B
WOODENVILLE
C
YOLLA80LLY
0
C
WILLAKENZIE
C
WOODGLEN
D
YOLO
B
WILLAMAR
C
D
B
WOODHALL
YOLOGO
D
WILLAMETTE
B
WOOD HURST
A
YOMBA
C
WILLAPA
C
WOODINVILLE
C/D YOMONT
B
B/0 WILLARD
B
WOODLY
B
YONCALLA
C
C/D WILLETTE
A/D WOOOLYN
C/D YONGES
D
WILLHAND
B
B
WOODMANSIE
B
YONNA
B/D
B
B
WOODMERE
WILLIAMS
B
YORDY
8
ii
WILLIAMSBURG
B
HOOD RIVER
0
YORK
C
B
WILLIAMSON
C
WOOD ROCK
C
YORKVILLE
D
C
WILLIS
C
WOODROW
C
YOST
C
A
WILLITS
B
YOUGA
WOODS CROSS
0
B
B
WILLOUGHBY
B
WOODSF1ELO
YOUMAN
C
C
WETHERSFIELO
C
WILLOW CREEK
B
A
YOUNGSTON
B
WOODS IDE
WETHEY
B/C WILLOWDALE
B
WOODSON
D
YOURAME
A
WETTERHORN
C
0
WILLOWS
WOODSTOCK
C/D VOVIMPA
D
A
YSIDCRA
0
MILLWOOD
WOOOSTDWN
D
WETZEL
C
WEYMOUTH
B
WILMER
C
A
WOODWARD
B
YTURBIDE
B
WILPAR
D
WHAKANA
D
WOOLMAN
B
YUBA
B
WHALAN
WILSON
D
WOOLPER
YUKO
C
C
C
WOOLSEY
D
MHARTON
WILTSHIRE
C
C
YUKON
HHATCOM
C
KINANS
B/C WOOSLEY
YUNES
D
WINBERRY
WHATELY
0
D
WOOSTER
YUNOUE
C
WHEATLEY
0
WINCHESTER
A
WOOSTERN
B
WIKCHUCK
WHEATRIOGg
C
C
WOOTEN
A
ZAAR
D
B
WINDER
B/D WORCESTER
KHEATV1LL6
B
ZACA
0
B
WINDHAM
B
WHEELER
WORF
ZACHARIAS
0
B
B
WHEELING
8
WORK
ZACHARY
WINS KILL
C
D
WHEELON
0
WINDOM
B
WORLAND
B
B
ZAFRA
B
WIND RIVER
B
HORLEY
WHELCHEL
B
C
ZAHILL
B
WINDSOR
A
WHETSTONE
WORMSER
C
ZAHL
B
C
WINDTHORST
WHIOBEY
C
WOROCK
ZALESKI
B
C
WINDY
WH1PPANY
C
C
WORSHAM
ZALLA
A
D
*
WHIPSTOCK
C
WINEG
WORTH
ZAMORA
. C
B
WINEMA
MHIKLQ
C
WORT HEN
B
ZANE
a
WINETTI
WHIT
8
D
WORTHING
ZANEIS
B
WHI TAKER
c
WINFIELD
C
HORTHINGTON
ZANESVILLE
C
C
c
WING
WHITCOMB
0
WORTMAN
C
C
ZANONE
WINGAIE
B
WRENTHAM
WHITE BIRO
C
ZAPATA
C
WH1TECAP
0
WINGER
C
WRIGHT
ZAVALA
B
C
MHITEFISH
B
WINGVILLE
B/D WRIGHT KAN
C
ZAVCO
C
a
WINIFRED
C
WHITEFORO
WRIGHTSVILLE
D
ZEB
B
B
WINK
B
WUNJEY
WH1TEHORS6
B
ZEESIX
C
WINKEL
D
WHITE HOUSE
WURTSBORO
C
ZELL
B
B
WINKLEMAN
WHITELAKE
C
WYALUSING
D
ZEN
C
WHITELAH
B
WINKLER
A
WYARD
B
ZEKDA
C
0
0
WHITEMAN
WINLO
WYARNO
B
ZENIA
B
.
WINLOCK
WHITEROCK
0
C
WYATT
C
B
ZENIFF
WINN
WHITESBURS
C
WYEAST
C
ZEONA
A
0
WHITE STORE
WINNEBAGO
B
WYEVILLE
C
ZIEGLER
C
WHITE SWAN
WINNEMUCCA
8
WYGANT
C
ZIGWEIO
B
B
HINNESHIEK
B
WYKOFF
WHITEWATER
B
ZILLAH
B/C
WINNETT
D
WHITEWOOD
C
WYMAN
B
ZIM
0
WHITLEY
8
WINONA
D
WYMORE
C
ZIMMERMAN
A
B
WINOCSK1
WHITLOCK
B
WYNN
B
C
ZING
D
WINSTON
A
WHITMAN
WY NOOSE
D
B
Z INZER
B
WHITNEY
WINTERS
WYO
C
B
ZION
C
A
WINTERSBURG
WHI TO RE
C
WYOCENA
B
ZIPP
C/D
WHITSOL
WINTERSET
ZITA
8
0
WH1TSON
WINTHROP
A
B
ZOAR
XAVIER
C
WHIT WELL
W1NTONER
C
ZOATE
0
WINU
MHOLAN
C
YACOLT
B
ZOHNER
B/D
WIBAUX
WINZ
C
YAHARA
ZOOK
B
C
WICHITA
WIOTA
B
YAHOLA
ZORRAVISTA
A
B
D
WICHUP
WI SHARD
YAKI
A
D
B/D
ZUFELT
WICKERSHAM
B
WISHEYLU
C
YAKIMA
B
ZUKAN
D
C
W
I
SHKAH
WICKETT
C
YAKUS
D
ZUMBRO
B
WISKAH
WICKHAM
B
C
ZUMWALT
YALLANI
B
C
NOTES
WE LOON
wELDuNA
WELLER
WELLINGTON
WELLMAN
WELLNER
WELLS60RO
WELLSTON
WELLSVILLc
WELRING
WEMPLE
HENAS
WENATCHEQ
MENDEL
WENHAN
WENONA
WENTWORTH
WERLOW
WERNER
WESO
WESSEL
WESTBROOK
WESTBURY
weSTCREEK
WESTERVILLE
WESTFALL
HESTFIELD
WESTFORD
WESTLAND
WESTMINSTER
WESTMORE
WESTMORELAND
WESTON
WESTPHALIA
WESTPLAIN
WESTPORT
0
B
C
0
B
B
C
B
B
0
B
c
c
weSTviLLE
c
c
e
c
c
c
c
c
a
c
c
c
c
c
B-22
1972
B/C
B/C
D
near the surface, and shallow soils over nearly impervious
material.
These soils have a very slow rate of water trans-
mission (0 - 0.15 in./hr.).
The infiltration rate is the rate at which water enters the
soil at the soil surface and is controlled by surface conditions.
The transmission rate is the rate at which the water moves in the
soil and is controlled by the soil profile.
In the situation where high water table limits the storage
capacity of a soil, a dual classification is given to the soil.
For instance, a Pompano sand is classified as A/D.
The first
letter applies to the artificial drained condition and the second
to the undrained natural condition.
Higher hydrologic soil group
should be used if the water table is lowered by an artificial
drainage such as a network of canals or ditches.
Very often, soil profiles are disturbed and altered by urbanization to an extent that the existing hydrologic soil group
is no longer applicable.
Under this circumstance, Table B-2
should be used to determine the new hydrologic soil group based
on soil texture of the new surface soil.
Table B-2.—Approximate Hydrologic Grouping of Soil Textures for
Disturbed Soils (2).
A
B
C
D
Soil Textures
Sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam
Silt loam and loam
Sandy clay loam
Clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy
clay, silty clay, and clay
B-23
REFERENCES
1.
Soil Conservation Service, 1972. National_Engineering
Handb,QQki_S.ection_41._HydEQlo.gy, pp. 7.6-7.26, USDA-SCS,
Washington, B.C.
2.
Soil Conservation Service, 1983. Urban_Hyd£QlQgy_for_gmall
W§teE§beds (Revised), Technical Release No. 55, USDA-SCS,
Washington, D.C. (Draft)
B-24
APPENDIX C
OBSCBIETIQM.QE-SBliECTEO.iAHD.aSES
The SCS has provided a description of cover complex classification for the following land covers (1):
EallQW. is the agricultural land use and treatment with the
highest potential for runoff because the land is kept as bare as
possible to conserve moisture for use by a succeeding crop.
BQW._CEQP. is any field crop (maize, sorghum, soybeans, sugar
beets, tomatoes, tulips) planted in rows far enough apart that
most of the soil surface is exposed to rainfall impact throughout
the growing season.
At planting time, it is equivalent to fallow
and may be so again after harvest.
In most evaluations, average
seasonal condition can be assumed.
Sm§ll_gcaiD (wheat, oats, barley, flax, etc.) is planted in
rows close enough that the soil surface is not exposed during
planting and shortly thereafter.
ClQ§er§egded_legumt§_QE_EQtatiQn_meadQw. (alfalfa, sweet
clover, timothy, etc., and combinations) are either planted in
close rows or broadcast.
HatiYe_pa§tUEe._QE_ESQge is evaluated based on cover effectiveness as shown in the table below.
c-i
Table C-1.—Classification of Hydrologic Condition for Native
Pasture or Range (1)
Vegetative Condition
Heavily grazed (plant cover
Not heavily grazed (50%
Hydrologic Condition
50%)
plant cover
Lightly grazed (plant cover
Poor
75%)
Fair
75%)
Good
is a field on which grass is continuously grown,
protected from grazing, and generally mowed for hay.
Drained
meadows (those having low water tables) have little or no surface
runoff except during storms that have high rainfall intensities.
Undrained meadows (those having high water tables) may be so wet
as to be the equivalent of water surfaces.
If a wet meadow is
drained, its soil-group classification as well as its land use
and treatment class may change.
WQQds are usually small isolated groves of trees being raised
for farm or ranch use.
Woods are evaluated based on cover effec-
tiveness as shown in the table below:
C-2
Table C-2.—Classification of Hydrologic Conditions for Woods (1)
Vegetative Condition
Hydrologic Condition
Heavily grazed or regularly burned. Litter,
small trees, and brush are destroyed.
Poor
Grazed but not burned. There may be some
litter but these woods are not protected.
Fair
Protected from grazing.
cover the soil.
Litter and shrubs
Good
In addition to the land uses described above, there are two
distinct types of land cover that are common in Florida:
flatwoods and wetlands.
type of Florida.
pine
The pine flatwoods is a major forest
Wetlands can be classified into two groups:
forested wetlands and non-forested wetlands.
The following
descriptions of pine flatwoods and wetlands were extracted from
the Phase I report of Water Resource Management, Appendix G (2).
EiDg_fl§tWQQd§ consist of more than one pine species with a
dense shrub and herbaceous plants (e.g. saw palmetto, gallberry,
runner oak and wire grass) growing underneath.
Flatwoods are
frequently subjected to fire because of the understory density.
The flatwoods occur on a variety of soil types (e.g. Leon,
Immokalee, St. Johns, Plummer, Rutledge, and Bladen), all of
which are poorly to very poorly drained.
These soils generally
occur on areas which have flat topography and clay layer or organic hardpan 2-4 feet below the ground.
located near the ground surface.
C-3
Water table is often
During the dry months, high loss rate of moisture due to
evapotranspiration from the top horizons exceeds the rate of
moisture supplied from the lower horizons, which is impeded by
the hardpan.
This condition makes the flatwoods extremely dry in
the dry months.
During the heavy rains of the summer months,
water may perch above the hardpan, often flooding the flatwoods
to above ground level.
EQEggted_w.gtlarid§ include floodplain forests (river swamps) ,
bayheads, lake border swamps, bog swamps, and cypress domes.
Floodplain forests (river swamps) are wetland forests occupying stream floodplains and backswamp wetlands formerly in contact
with a stream.
River swamps are found on alluvial river deposits
rich in clay, organic deposits, peats and mucks.
Flooding occurs
annually, or more frequently.
Bayheads are wetland forests dominated by evergreen and
broad-leafed bay trees that grow in acid, peat forming
depressions.
Bayheads occur in depressions in the flatwoods or
as marginal growth mound flatwoods ponds with stable water
levels. Bay swamps are maintained by a high water table or
seepage from higher terrain.
Lake border swamps are cypress or ash-gum-cypress swamp occurring on lake borders.
Bog swamps are a mixture of cypress swamp, marshes and
prairies, lakes and shrub bogs.
Bog swamps occur on thick peat
deposits above sand with the peat tending to build up to the
water surface.
C-4
Cypress domes are forested wetlands which are commonly found
in flatwoods regions.
They occur in lens shaped depressions and
are usually underlain by a clay or hardpan layer which impedes
seepage.
Cypress domes are seasonally or permanently wet.
Water
is supplied directly by rainfall and indirectly by seepage from
surrounding terrain.
During drought periods, many cypress domes
go dry and burn along with the surrounding flatwoods.
HQn::£Qrested_w.etXands include wet prairies and fresh water
marsh.
Wet prairies are dominated by grass, sedges, herbs and occasionally shrubs.
Wet prairies occur on coarse to fine grained,
poorly to very poorly drained sandy soils.
Due to the nature of
sandy soils, their low capillary activity and their occurrence on
upland areas, prairies become dry and burn during drought
periods.
The water which maintains wet prairies comes primarily from
rainfall, local runoff, and seepage.
Water is lost principally
through evapotranspiration, as prairies generally do not drain
freely.
Fresh water marsh, like wet prairies, is dominated by
grasses, sedges and herbs.
It remains wetter than prairies
during dry periods, because it occurs in low areas on organic
soils with high water holding capacity.
C-5
REFERENCES
1.
Soil Conservation Service, 1972. National.Engineering
Ha.ndbQQkI._S.gctiQn_4i_Hyd£QlQgy, pp. 8.1-8.6; USDA-SCS,
Washington, D.C.
2.
St. Johns River Water Management District, 1977. Water
EgsQuccg.Managgmgnt.Blaru.Phase.!, Appendix G, Palatka,
Florida.
C-6
APPENDIX D
APPLICATIONS OF SCS RUNOFF PROCEDURES
Determine a design storm hydrograph using the following data:
Drainage area = 200 acres
Time of concentration = 0.75 hours
Rainfall depth =5.0 inches
Storm duration =6.0 hours
Rainfall interval = 0.25 hours
Rainfall distribution (see computer printout)
Pervious area = 20%; CN=60
Noneffective impervious area = 50%; CN = 100
Effective impervious area
= 30%; CN = 100
A.
TIA_MetbQ3:
B.
M,Qdif_ied_T.IA_Mgth.Qd: Since the TR-20 program cannot
model the EIA Method, CN has to be adjusted in order to
obtain the same runoff volume as computed from the EIA
Method. The steps used to find the equivalent CN is
given below:
Step 1.
CN = (0.20) (60) + (0.80) (100) = 92.0
Compute watershed storage:
S = 1QQQ - 10 = 6.67 inches
60
Step 2.
Adjust rain for the pervious area:
P 1 = (1 + 0.50) (5.0) = 17.5 inches
0.20
Step 3.
Compute runoff from the pervious area:
Q
Step 4.
v
= (17.5 - 0.2(6.67))2 (.20)/100 = 2.289 inches
17.5 + 0.8(6.67)
Compute runoff from the effective impervious area:
Qei = (5.0)(30) (100) = 1.50 inches
Step 5.
Compute total runoff:
Q = 2.289 + 1.50 = 3.789 inches
Step 6.
Compute the equivalent S from the following equation:
S = 5 [ 5 . 0 + 2 ( 3 . 7 8 9 ) - ( 4 ( 3 . 7 8 9 ) 2 + 5 (5 .0) ( 3 . 7 8 9 ) ) ° ' 5 ] = 1.215
D-l
Step 7.
Compute the equivalent CN:
CN = 1000/(1.215+10) = 89.16
The resulting runoff hydrographs generated from the TIA
Method (Page D-3) and modified TIA Method (Page D-4) are plotted
in Figure D-l.
D-2
ExaffiPlg_Dr2•
Determine a design storm hydrograph using the data
given in Example D-l.
If one third of effective impervious area in Example D-l is
converted into swales, then the basin t would be increased. In
this example, the new basin tc is assumed to be 1.0 hour. For
design purpose, swales are assumed to be saturated prior to storm
event and can be treated as effective impervious area. As a
result, the basin CN remains the same (CN = 89.16). This example
will show the effect of two methods used in estimating peak rate
factor on storm hydrographs.
A.
Using standard SCS peak rate factor: K 1 = 484
B.
Using adjustment factor:
Step 1.
Determine the adjustment factor according to % of
ponding areas and storm frequency. If swales are
assumed to spread throughout the basin, then the
adjustment factor can be obtained from Table 10.
For 10% as swales and a 25-year design storm, the
adjustment factor is 0.65.
Therefore, the adjusted
K 1 would be (0.65) (484) = 314.6.
Step 2.
Draw a triangular dimensionless unit hydrograph
(DUH) .
For t
= 1.0 hour, tb =
-
= 4.10 hours
The resulting DUH is shown on Page D-6.
Step 3.
Tabulate the ratios of t/t, and q/q .
U
If unit hydrograph
£r
time increment is 0.25 hours, then the interval of t/t,
ratio is 0.25/4.10 = 0.061. The ordinates of q/qp corresponding to t/t are determined from the following
equations:
q/qp = t/tp
; o<t/t p <i.o
q/qp = 1.0 - 0.3226(t/tp - 1.0) ;1.0<t/tp<tb
The resulting storm hydrographs obtained from the standard K 1
(Page D-8) and adjusted K 1 (Pages D-9 through D-10) are compared
in Figure D-2 .
D-3
*««HHHHHH»*w*#*80-80 LIST OF INPUT DATA FOR TR-20 HYDRQLQ6Yi»iin»H»»H»«i
JOB
FULLPRINT
TITLE
EXAMPLE D-1A
TITLE
USING TOTAL IMPERVIOUS AREA METHOD
5 RAINFL 1
0.25
8
.000
.017
.035
8
.107
.135
.180
8
.600
.650
.700
8
.810
.835
.860
8
.920
.940
.960
9 ENDTBL
6 RUNOFF 1 01
1 0.3125
92.0
ENDATA
7 INCREM 6
0.10
7 COMPUT 7
01 01 0.0
5.00
ENDCMP 1
ENDJQB 2
.055
.080
.230 .410
.740 .780
.880 .900
.980 1.00
0.75
1 1 1
1.0
1 2 1 1
*««**w**#w**t**««*«««END OF 80-80 LIST**iniHH«mimmiuiiinm
TR20 XEQ
REV 09/01/83
EXAMPLE D-1A
USING TOTAL IMPERVIOUS AREA METHOD
EXECUTIVE CONTROL OPERATION INCREM
JOB 1
MAIN TIME INCREMENT = 0.10 HOURS
PASS
1
RECORD ID
EXECUTIVE CONTROL OPERATION COMPUT
FROM STRUCTURE 1 TO STRUCTURE 1
STARTING TIME = 0.00 RAIN DEPTH = 5.00 RAIN DURATION 1.00 RAIN TABLE N0.= 1
ALTERNATE N0.= 1
STORM N0.= 1 MAIN TIME INCREMENT = 0.10 HOURS
RECORD ID
ANT. WIST. COND= 2
OPERATION RUNOFF STRUCTURE 1
OUTPUT HYDR06RAPH= 1
AREA= 0.31 SQ MI INPUT RUNOFF CURVE= 92.
TIME OF CONCENTRATION 0.75 HOURS
INTERNAL HYDR06RAPH TIME INCREMENT^ 0.1000 HOURS
PEAK TIME(HRS)
2.76
TIME(HRS)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
PEAK DISCHARGE(CFS)
481.89
FIRST HYDRQ6RAPH POINT =
0.00
0.00
5.58
9.57
84.10
104.35
400.34
349.35
143.08
137.01
84.95
83.05
78.72
77.51
3.60
6.16
0.24 0.14
0.00 HOURS
TIME INCREMENT = 0.10 HOURS
0.00
V m SO
0.00
0.00
26.64
14.59
20.39
33.02
39.94
427.26
138.10
194.60 270.40 353.79
302.46
266.48
239.10 217.60
199.99
119.33
112.69
106.68
127.28
101.02
30.08
81.72
30.76
79.61
79.27
66.04
55.07
43.27
32.30
73.84
2.25
1.13
4.42
3.16
1.60
0.07 0.02 0.00
VuVTD
RUNOFF VOLUME ABOVE BASEFLOH = 4.09 WATERSHED INCHES,
EXECUTIVE CONTROL OPERATION ENDCMP
PEAK ELEVATION(FEET)
(RUNOFF)
824.07 CFS-HRS,
COMPUTATIONS COMPLETED FOR PASS
D-4
1
DRAINAGE AREA = 0.31 SQ.MI.
0.33
1.12
2.79
48.03
58.30
70.63
475.03
479.33
448.07
185.52
172.39
159.90
91.27
95.80
87.61
79.04
78.88
78.78
16.50
11.90
23.10
0.79
0.54
0.37
68.10 ACRE-FEET;
BASEFLOH =
0.00 CFS
RECORD ID
«rt*******#*******80-80 LIST OF INPUT DATA FOR TR-20 HYDROLOGY******************
JOB
FULLPRINT
TITLE
EXAMPLE D-1B
TITLE
USING ADJUSTED CURVE NUMBER
5 RAINFL 1
0.25
.035
.017
8
.000
.180
3
.107
.135
.700
8
.600
.650
.860
8
.810
.835
.960
8
.920
.940
9ENDTBL
89.16
1 0.3125
6 RUNOFF 1 01
ENDATA
7 INCREM 6
0.10
5.00
7 COMPUT 7 01 01 0.0
ENDCMP 1
ENDJOB 2
.055
.230
.740
.880
.980
.080
.410
.780
.900
1.00
0.75
1 1 1
1.0
1 2 1 1
M**«HH»********««t*t*******END OF 80-80 LIST********************************
TR20 XEQ
REV 09/01/83
EXAMPLE D-1B
USING ADJUSTED CURVE NUMBER
EXECUTIVE CONTROL OPERATION INCREH
JOB 1
PASS
1
RECORD ID
ALTERNATE H0.= 1
RECORD ID
ANT. MOIST. COND= 2
OUTPUT HYDROGRAPH= 1
AREA= 0.31 SQ MI INPUT RUNOFF CURVE= 89.
TIME OF CONCENTRATION= 0.75 HOURS
INTERNAL HYDR06RAPH TIME INCREMENT= 0.1000 HOURS
PEAK TIME(HRS)
2.77
TIME(HRS)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
PEAK DISCHARGE(CFS)
445.99
FIRST HYDROGRAPH POINT =
0.00
DISCHG
0.00
1.37
DISCHG
3.20
DISCHG
64.74
83.21
DISCHG
375.78 329.39
DISCHG
143.34
132.81
DISCHG
81.14
82.96
DISCHG
77.14
75.97
DISCHG
6.04
8.43
DISCHG
0.23
0.14
0.00 HOURS
TIME INCREMENT = 0.10HOURS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.53
25.56
9.90
19.68
6.06
166.47 237.46
317.01
114.23
388.66
286.35 253.26 228.07 208.25
191.97
109.62
98.43
123.54
115.95
103.86
79.87
78.33
77.89
78.96
77.59
72.38
64.76
54.00
42.44
31.68
4.34
3.10
1.57
2.21
1.11
0.07
0.02 0.00
RUNOFF VOLUME ABOVE BASEFLOH = 3.79 WATERSHED INCHES,
(RUNOFF)
763.46 CFS-HRS,
D-5
1
DRAINAGE AREA = i0.31 SQ.MI.
0.00
0.08
0.43
32.62
41.64
52.57
437.02 444.71
418.38
178.55
166.28
154.53
93.41
89.05
85.52
77.38
77.25
77.18
22.66
16.18
11.67
0.78
0.53
0.36
63.09 ACRE-FEET;
BASEFLOH =
0.00 CFS
RECORD ID
500
D
I
S
C
H
A
R
3
E
400
.j
300
_
TIA METHOD
MOD. TIA METHOD
a
I
N
200 .
C
F
S
100
0
10
TIME
Figure D-l.
IN
HOURS
Runoff Hydrographs of Example D-l using TIA and Modified TIA Methods,
««mnHHHHHmmni8g-8g LIST OF INPUT DATA FOR TR-20 HYDROLOSY***»**»*»«*«««*
JOB
TITLE
TITLE
FULLPRINT
EXAMPLE D-2A
USIN6 STANDARD PEAK RATE FACTOR (484)
5 RAINFL 1
8
.000
8
.107
3
.600
8
.810
8
.920
9 ENDTBL
6 RUNOF 1 01
ENDATA
7 INCREM 6
7 CO«PUT 7 01
ENDCHP 1
ENDJOB 2
0.25
.017
.135
.650
.835
.940
.035
.130
.700
.860
.960
.055
.230
.740
.880
.980
1 0.3125
89.16
1.00
1 1 1
5.00
1.0
1 2 1 1
.080
.410
.780
.900
1.00
0.10
01 0.0
*w*ww«Hrt««w**««****«*END OF 80-80 LIST«HHHmmHmHHHnmHH»«w«w
TR20 XEQ
REV 09/01/83
EXAMPLE D-2A
USING STANDARD PEAK RATE FACTOR (484!
JOB 1
MAIN TIME INCREMENT = 0.10 mm
PASS
1
RECORD ID
STARTING TIRE = 0.00 RAIN DEPTH = 5.00 RAIN DURATION 1.00 RAIN TARE N0.= 1
ALTERNATE N0.= 1
RECORD ID
ANT. MOIST. COND= 2
OPERATION RUNOF STRUCTURE 1
OUTPUT HYDROGRAPH= 1
AREA= 0.31 SQ MI INPUT RUNOF CURVE= 89. TIME OF CONCENTRATION^ 1.00 HOURS
INTERNAL HYDR06RAPH TIME INCREMENT= 0.0952 HOURS
PEAK TINE(HRS)
2.96
TIME(HRS)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
PEAK DISCHARGE(CFS)
376.51
(RUNOFF)
FIRST HYDROGRAPH POINT = 0.00 HOILJRS
TIME INCREMENT = 0.10HOURS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.34
0.67
1.56
3.09
8.33
12.04
16.53
78.17
107.51
45.46
149.73 203.11
58.54
260.21
303.48
375.20 360.88 336.83
279.71
253.81
232.53
122.39
172.46
160.47
149.42 139.37 130.36
115.31
93.91
87.24
84.81
82.90
90.26
81.42
80.28
78.09
71.89
66.16
77.28
75.41
58.56
50.05
12.37
9.69
20.33
15.82
7.57
5.90
4.60
0.99
1.28
0.75
0.57
1.66
0.42
0.31
0.05
0.02
0.00
RUNOFF VOLUME ABOVE BASEFLOW = 3.73 WATERSHED INCHES,
763.15 CFS-HRS,
D-7
1
DRAINAGE
0.01
21.94
312.84
214.92
108.94
79.44
41.43
3.57
0.22
63.07 ACRE-FEET;
AREA = 0.31 SQ.MI
0.05
0.23
28.44
36.28
352.75
373.73
199.63
185.56
103.22
98.22
78.84
78.41
33.35
26.22
2.77
2.15
0.15
0.10
BASEFLOH =
0.00 CFS
RECORD ID
«*m**«HHHHHU**80-80 LIST OF INPUT DATA FOR TR-20 HYDROLOfiY«**#**»»*«*w#*
JOB
FULLPRINT
TITLE
EXAMPLE D-2B
TITLE
USING ADJUSTED PEAK RATE FACTOR
4 DIHHYD
0.061
8
8
8
8
9 ENDTBL
5 RAINFL
8
8
8
8
8
9 ENDTBL
6RUNOFF
ENDATA
7 LIST
7 INCREM
7 CQMPUT
ENDCMP
ENDJOB
0.000
0.919
0.516
0.112
0.250
0.839
0.435
0.031
.000
.107
.600
.810
.920
0.25
.017
.135
.650
.835
.940
1
1
6
7
.860
.960
.055
.230
.740
.880
.980
.080
.410
.730
.900
1.00
89.16
1.00
1 1
5.00
1.0
1 2 1 1
.035
.180
.700
0.10
01 0.0
01
1.000
0.596
0.193
gtaa
0 tWtfv
1 0.3125
01
0.750
0.677
0.274
0.000
0.500
0.758
0.354
V m tflSlff
1
1
2
W»«»*tHHmHHHHHHHHHHHf*«*«*END OF 80-80 LIST«*«**«W#«*«**H*«#**«***
TR20 XEQ
REV 09/01/83
EXAMPLE D-2B
USINS ADJUSTED PEAK RATE FACTOR
EXECUTIVE CONTROL OPERATION LIST
TIME INCREMENT
4 DIMHYD
0.0588
8
8
8
9 ENDTBL
COMPUTED PEAK
TABLE NO.
5 RAINFL 1
8
8
8
8
8
0.9190
0.5160
0.1120
0.8390
0.4350
0.0310
RATE FACTOR = 314.64
TIME INCREMENT
0.2500
oosta
g mW&BW
0.0170
0.1070
0.1350
0.6080
0.6500
0.8100
0.8350
0.9200
0.9400
JOB 1 PASS
RECORD ID
(INPUT VALUE OF 0.061 NOT EQUAL TO COMPUTED VALUE? COMPUTED VALUE USED.)
0.7580
0.3540
0.0000
0.6770
0.2740
0.0000
0.5960
0.1930
0.0000
0.0350
0.1800
0.7000
0.8600
0.9600
0.0550
0.2300
0.7400
0.0800
9 ENDTBL
6 RUNOFF 1
ENDATA
1
1
STANDARD CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
1
0.3125
89.1600
1.00001 1 0 1 0 0
END OF LISTING
D-8
TR20 XEQ
REV 09/01/83
EXAMPLE D-2B
USING ADJUSTED PEAK RATE FACTOR
JOB 1
PASS
1
RECORD ID
ALTERNATE N0.= 1
RECORD ID
ANT. MOIST. COND= 2
OUTPUT HYDR06RAPH= 1
AREA= 0.31 SQ MI INPUT RUNOFF CURVE= 89. TIME OF CONCENTRATION 1.00 HOURS
INTERNAL HYDR06RAPH TIME INCREMENT^ 0.0952 HOURS
PEAK TIME(HRS)
3.14
TIME(HRS)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
DISCHG
(RUNOFF)
PEAK DISCHARGE(CFS)
276.23
FIRST HYDR06RAPH POINT = 0.00 HOURS
TIME INCREMENT = 0.10 HOURS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.36
2.40
5.80
0.67
3.87
8.22
11.33
31.74
43.21
60.08
82.47
110.70 143.80
178.08
270.75 275.72 275.39 273.29 270.16 265.94 260.39
227.49 216.72 205.16
193.18
130.74 168.05
155.23
104.84
111.54
99.81
95.86
92.59
89.74
87.28
78.83
80.64
76.41
73.31
69.53
64.99
59.69
38.79
34.33
30.15
26.24
22.60
19.24
16.14
6.46
4.74
3.28
2.10
1.19
0.55
0.19
RUNOFF VOLUME ABOVE BASEFLOW = 3.79 NATERSHED INCHES,
763.95 CFS-HRS,
EXECUTIVE CONTROL OPERATION ENDJOB
1
DRAINAGE
0.01
15.19
210.66
253.67
142.58
85.17
53.97
13.31
0.05
63.13 ACRE-FEET;
AREA = 0.31 SQ.HI
0.07
0.27
19.85
25.37
237.46 257.75
245.96 237.23
130.79
120.27
83.39
81.88
48.59
43.54
10.76
8.47
0.00
BASEFLOH =
0.00 CFS
RECORD ID
RECORD ID
D-9
D
I
S
C
H
A
R
G
E
0
K, « 484
K « 315
400 j
300
„
I
N
200 .
C
F
S
100 .
0
TIME
Figure D-2.
IN
HOURS
Runoff Hydrographs of Example D-2 using Different Peak Rate Factors,

TECHNICAL PUBLICATION NO. 85-5 A GUIDE TO SCS RUNOFF

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