Kostegids 2014

Transcription

Kostegids 2014

KOSTEGIDS | COST GUIDE
2014/15
Samestelling / Composition
Pieter van Niekerk & Andries van Zyl
VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste / VinPro Agro-economic Services
Sel: 083 561 9465 / 073 280 8703
pieter@vinpro.co.za, andries@vinpro.co.za
’n Spesiale woord van dank aan ons borge wat die druk van hierdie
Kostegids, asook die gratis verspreiding daarvan aan alle VinPro-lede en
rolspelers in die wynbedryf moontlik maak.
A special word of thanks to our sponsors without whom this Cost Guide
could not have been published or distributed for free to all VinPro
members and role-players in the wine industry.
Orchard Suppliers • Netafim • Boshoff Visser
Hauptfleisch Grondverskuiwing • Terason / Villa Crop
VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 1
Inhoud / Contents
Voorwoord / Foreword.................................................................................................................5
Doel / Purpose..............................................................................................................................5
Koste van wyndruifproduksie (2013-oes) / Cost of wine grape production (2013 harvest)..... 6
Inleiding en agtergrond / Introduction and background...........................................................6
Koste van wyndruifproduksie / Cost of wine grape production...............................................7
Kontantuitgawes / Cash Expenditure.......................................................................................8
Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for renewal...................................................................10
Produksie se invloed op gelykbreek / Influence of production on break-even.........................12
Kostestruktuur van top presteerders / Cost structure of top performers.................................16
Wat doen top presteerders anders? / What sets top performers apart?..................................18
Teikeninkomste (2013-oes) / Target income (2013 harvest).......................................................20
Arbeidsriglyne / Labour guidelines..............................................................................................22
Arbeidsnorme / Labour norms..................................................................................................22
Minimum loon / Minimum wage...............................................................................................23
Vestigingskoste / Establishment cost.........................................................................................23
Grondvoorbereiding / Soil preparation.....................................................................................23
Koste van prieelstelsels / Cost of trellis systems......................................................................26
Besproeiing / Irrigation..............................................................................................................34
Ander nuttige inligting / Other useful information.....................................................................35
Koste van meganisasie / Cost of mechanisation........................................................................35
Metodiek / Methodology...........................................................................................................36
Trekkers / Tractors....................................................................................................................37
Parsmasjiene / Harvesters........................................................................................................39
Spuitpompe / Spraypumps.......................................................................................................39
Sleepwaens / Trailers................................................................................................................40
Ander implemente / Other implements.....................................................................................40
Bakkies / Pick-ups....................................................................................................................41
Vragmotors / Trucks..................................................................................................................42
VinPro kontakbesonderhede / VinPro contact details .....................................................Agterblad
Vrywaring / Indemnity
Die samestellers van die VinPro Kostegids
het deurgaans te goeder trou opgetree. Enige
besluit voortspruitend, of aksie gebaseer op
die inligting soos vervat in die gids, word op eie
risiko gedoen. Nie die samestellers of VinPro kan
verantwoordelik gehou word vir enige finansiële
verlies weens so ’n besluit of aksie nie, terwyl
enige finansiële wins slegs tot die voordeel van
die gebruiker daarvan is.
The VinPro Cost Guide was compiled in good
faith. Any decision taken as a result of, or actions
based on information contained in the guide is
solely at the user’s own risk. Neither the compilers nor VinPro are accountable for any financial
loss due to such decisions or actions, while any
financial gain derived from it is solely to the
benefit of the users thereof.
Malmesbury 022 482 3838
George 044 802 5700
Malmesbury 022 482 3838
Worcester 023 342 2374
Caledon 028 212 1159
Grabouw 021 859 2834 Heidelberg 028 722 1192
Bredasdorp 028 424 2840
Bellville 021 914 9604 Bredasdorp 028 424 2840 Caledon 028 212 1159 George 044 802 5700 Grabouw 021 859 2834 Heidelberg 028 722 1192
Mosselbaai 044 601 8600 Paarl 021 871 1837 Riversdal 028 713 1072 Stilbaai 028 754 2009 Swellendam 028 514 1102 Upington 054 332 3047
Bellville 021 914 9604
Voorwoord / Foreword
In die strewe na ’n volhoubare en deelnemende
wynprodusentegemeenskap bly die VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Diens verbind tot effektiewe en
waardetoegevoegde ekonomiese dienslewering
aan VinPro se lede en ander rolspelers in die
bedryf.
In the quest towards a sustainable and participating wine producer community, VinPro’s Agroeconomic Service is committed to providing
effective and value-added economic services
to all members of VinPro, as well as other role
players in the industry.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse wyndruifprodusent is die
afgelope paar jaar blootgestel aan stygende
insetkostes en dalende winsmarges, wat daartoe lei dat die produsent se winsgewendheid
onder geweldige druk verkeer. Met hierdie in
ag geneem, openbaar die VinPro Landbouekonomiese Diens jaarliks kritiese finansiële
aanwysers wat regdeur die wynbedryf erken en
gebruik word as ’n betroubare maatstaf. ’n Uit
vloeisel daarvan is die samestelling van hierdie
meer gedetailleerde Kostegids – wat jaarliks in
Mei opgedateer en beskikbaar gestel word – ter
verdere ondersteuning van die produsent.
The South African wine producer’s profitability
has been under enormous pressure over the
past few years due to rising input costs, as
well as low and decreasing profit margins. With
this in mind, VinPro’s Agro-economic Service
annually reveals financial indicators that are accepted and used throughout the wine industry
as a trusted benchmark. As an extension of its
support to producers, VinPro compiled this more
detailed Cost Guide, which is updated annually
and available in May.
VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste
VinPro Agro-economic Services
• Lewensvatbaarheidstudies, kosteen wins
gewendheidsanalises, asook skadebepalings.
• Feasibility studies, cost- and profitability
analyses, as well as damage assessments.
• Koördinering van finansiële studiegroepe/
Produksieplan – finansiële geheelplaas- en
bedryfstak-analises op plaasvlak.
• Coordinating financial study groups/Production Plan – financial analyses of total farm or
operational enterprise.
• Ekonomiese en bedryfsverwante artikels en
aanbiedings.
• Economic and industry-related articles and
presentations.
• Versameling en verspreiding van verteen
woordigende landbou-ekonomiese bedryfs
inligting.
• Collecting and distributing relevant financial
industry information.
Doel / Purpose
Die hoofdoel van hierdie Kostegids is om sekere
noodsaaklike ekonomiese aspekte in ’n eenvoudige formaat te verpak wat as hulpmiddel
kan dien vir die opstel van begrotings deur wyndruifprodusente. Weens dramatiese prysskommelinge is dit baie moeilik om sinvol en akkuraat
te begroot en kan hierdie gids as riglyn daarvoor
aangewend word.
The main purpose of this guide is to provide
wine grape producers with specific financial
indicators to assist them in compiling a budget.
Due to the fact that prices vary dramatically, it is
difficult to compile a budget that is both meaningful and accurate. This guide is a useful aid in
compiling a more accurate budget.
Koste van wyndruifproduksie (2013-oes) /
Cost of wine grape production (2013 harvest)
Inleiding en agtergrond / Introduction and background
VinPro se landbou-ekonomiese afdeling het in
2013 finansiële ontledings in al nege wyndistrikte uitgevoer om beide die produksiekoste van
wyndruifverbouing en finansiële welstand van
wyndruifprodusente te ondersoek. Die projek
word uitgevoer met die ondersteuning van Winetech, die Nasionale Landboubemarkingsraad
(NLBR), Standard Bank, Absa, Land Bank, ENB,
Nedbank en Capital Harvest.
Altesaam 237 boerdery-eenhede uit nege
wyndistrikte het aan die 2013 Produksieplan
Opname deelgeneem, en 529 produsente en
rolspelers in die bedryf het gedurende die opname 45 studiegroep-byeenkomste bygewoon,
waartydens ekonomiese aanwysers en ander
relevante inligting aan deelnemers oorgedra is.
Die steekproef het in 2013 uit 21 734 ha (22%
van die totale Suid-Afrikaanse wingerdstand in
2012) bestaan, wat 358 838 ton lewer (24% van
die totale Suid-Afrikaanse oes in 2013). Hiervan
was 66% wit en 34% rooi wyndruiwe, en 58%
van die tonne is meganies gepars. Die steekproef bestaan oorwegend uit produsente met
goeie tot bogemiddelde bestuursvermoë.
Die Malmesbury-distrik word deurgaans apart
geëvalueer en vorm nie deel van die bedryfsgemiddelde syfers nie, aangesien die studiegroep ’n groot komponent droëlandwingerd
verbou, wat ’n alternatiewe produksie-, kosteen kapitaalstruktuur benodig. Evaluerings is
nie kultivar- en/of blokspesifiek nie – wyndruiwe (draend en nie-draend) word as ’n geheel geëvalueer. Die meeste van die boerderyondernemings wat geëvalueer word, verskil ten
opsigte van die plaasgrootte, kultivarsamestelling en diversifisering ten opsigte van ander
bedryfstakke in die onderskeie streke. Die verslag verteenwoordig bedryfsgemiddelde syfers,
wat bereken word deur die geweegde gemiddelde van al die deelnemers te bepaal.
6 • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE
VinPro’s agro-economic division conducted
financial analyses in all nine wine districts in
2013 to investigate both the production cost of
wine grape cultivation and financial situation of
wine grape producers. The project is undertaken
with the support of Winetech, the National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC), Standard
Bank, Absa, Land Bank, FNB, Nedbank and
Capital Harvest.
A total of 237 farming units from nine wine
districts participated in the 2013 Production
Plan Survey, and 529 producers and industry
role-players attended 45 study group sessions
during the course of the survey, during which
economic indicators and other relevant information was conveyed to participants. The sample
consisted of 21 734 ha (22% of the total South
African harvest) in 2013, which produced 358
838 tons (24% of the total South African harvest
in 2013). Of these, 66% represented white and
34% red wine grapes, and 58% of the tonnage
was mechanically harvested. The participants
were predominantly producers with good to
above-average managerial ability.
The Malmesbury district is evaluated separately
and does not form part of the industry average
figures, as this study group’s wine grape cultivation includes a large component of dryland
vineyard, which necessitates an alternative
production, cost and capital structure. Evaluations are not cultivar or block specific – wine
grapes (bearing and non-bearing) are evaluated
as an entity. Most of the farming units that are
evaluated differ in respect of the farm size, cultivar composition and diversification with regard
to other industry enterprises in the respective
regions. The report represents industry average
figures, which are calculated by determining the
weighted average of all the participants.
Koste van wyndruifproduksie / Cost of wine grape production
Total annual production cost – excluding tax,
interest and remuneration – consists of two
components, namely cash expenditure and
provision for renewal. The industry average total
production cost increased by 10% from 2012 to
R35 739/ha in 2013.
Jaarlikse totale produksiekoste – belasting, rente
en ondernemersloon uitgesluit – bestaan uit
twee komponente, naamlik kontantuitgawes en
voorsiening vir vervanging. Die bedryfsgemiddelde totale produksiekoste het sedert 2012 met
10% toegeneem na R35 739/ha in 2013.
Totale produksiekoste / Total production cost
R40 000
R35 739
R35 000
R32 439
R30 582
R26 580
R/ha
R25 000
R20 000
R15 000
R9 080
R28 580
R30 000
R19 000
R4 779
R20 643
R5 633
R21 332
R22 125
R5 733
R6 108
R23 578
R7 937
R8 139
R8 606
R7 541
R6 876
R15 010
R15 599
R16 017
R16 702
R19 039
R20 643
R22 443
R23 834
R26 659
R5 000
R14 221
R10 000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
R0
Kontantuitgawes / Cash expenditure
Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for renewal
KLAAR
Totale produksiekoste per distrik / Total production cost per district 2013
R42 386
R45 000
R40 000
R33 098
R34 546
R34 976
R9 079
R9 118
R35 000
R25 000
R9 160
R31 240
R8 771
R8 030
R36 531
R35 739
R8 729
R9 080
R9 135
R10 798
R25 297
R6 960
R20 000
R15 000
R23 210
R33 251
R26 783
R27 801
R26 659
R18 377
Orange Riv(i)er
Bedryf/Industry
Malmesbury
R23 192
Olifants Riv(i)er
R25 858
Stellenbosch
R25 467
Paarl
R23 938
Robertson
R5 000
Breedekloof
R10 000
Klein Karoo
R0
Worcester
R/ha
R30 000
R37 580
R31 963
KLAAR
Kontantuitgawes
Cash expenditure
Kontantuitgawes word gekategoriseer as direkte koste, arbeid, meganisasie, vaste verbeteringe en algemene uitgawes. Totale kontant
uitgawes toon ’n 12% styging sedert 2012 tot
R26 659/ha in die 2013-oesjaar.
Cash expenditure is categorised as direct cost,
labour, mechanisation, fixed improvements and
general expenditure. Total cash expenditure
increased by 12% from 2012 to R26 659/ha in
the 2013 production year.
Die toename is grotendeels aangevuur deur die
rekordoes in 2013, asook buitengewone hoë
stygings in die koste van elektrisiteit, lone en
brandstof. Die meeste ander kostekomponente
het min of meer in lyn met inflasie toegeneem.
The increase is mainly due to the record harvest
in 2013, as well as exceptionally high increases
in the cost of electricity, wages and fuel. Most of
the other cost components increased more or
less in line with inflation.
Bedryf / Industry
R30 000
R26 659
R23 834
R25 000
R22 443
R20 648
R19 039
R/ha
R20 000
R14 221
R15 000
R15 010
R15 599
R16 017
2005
2006
2007
R16 702
R10 000
R5 000
R0
2004
2008
2009
R1 758
R1 800
R/ha
2013
R1 839
R1 655
R1 639
R1 506
R1 600
R1 257
R1 251
R1 176
R1 200
R1 831
R1 570
R1 257
R1 382
R1 144
R1 327
R1 172
R1 000
R1 012
R800
R875
R679
R686
R756
R549
R400
R200
2012
Direkte koste / Direct cost
Bedryf / Industry
R2 000
R600
2011
The movement of close to 80% of the annual
cash expenditure in the past 10 years is illustrated in figures 4 to 7.
Die volgende vier grafieke illustreer die bewe
ging van ongeveer 80% van die jaarlikse kon
tantuitgawes oor die afgelope 10 jaar:
R1 400
2010
R346
R420
R344
R370
2006
2007
R544
R592
R548
2010
2011
2012
R589
R424
R0
2004
2005
Bemesting / Fertiliser
2008
2009
Plaag- & siektebeheer / Pesticide control
2013
Onkruidbeheer / Herbicide control
Arbeid / Labour
Bedryf / Industry
R7 000
R6 000
R5 616
R6 076
R5 272
R5 000
R4 000
R/ha
R4 006
R3 962
R4 185
R4 219
R4 920
R4 459
R4 097
R3 000
R2 000
R1 388
R1 556
R1 547
R1 589
R1 719
2005
2006
2007
2008
R2 137
R2 132
R2 246
R2 325
2009
2010
2011
2012
R2 755
R1 000
0
2004
Permanente arbeid / Permanent labour
2013
Seisoensarbeid & kontrakteurs / Seasonal labour & contractors
Meganisasie / Mechanisation
Bedryf / Industry
R2 500
R2 243
R1 842
R2 000
R1 449
R1 505
R1 468
R1 517
R1 983
R1 586
KLAAR
R2 358
R2 040
R/ha
R1 500
R1 639
R1 464
R1 000
R2 352
R2 136
R1 726
R1 533
R1 252
R921
R1 106
R859
R500
R0
2004
2005
Brandstof / Fuel
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Herstel, onderdele & reparasies (los bates) / Repair, parts & maintenance (moveable assets)
Algemene uitgawes / General expenditure
Bedryf / Industry
R2 500
R2 287
R2 063
R2 000
KLAAR
R1 339
R/ha
R1 500
R1 019
R1 000
R688
R717
R500
R1 768
R861
R803
R1 043
R845
R1 119
R831
R1 072
R789
R605
R627
2004
2005
R1 421
R1 040
R647
R655
R652
R681
2006
2007
2008
2009
R1 339
R720
R1 176
R1 254
R931
R971
2012
2013
R846
R0
Elektrisiteit / Electricity
Waterkoste / Water cost
2010
2011
Administrasie / Administration
The composition of cash expenditure remained
largely unchanged since 2004, with labour still
representing the biggest component – 40% in
the 2013 production year. Despite adjustments
in the minimum wage in this period, there was a
decrease in the component spent on labour with
regard to production cost. This can be attributed
to improvement in productivity, as well as an
increase in mechanisation. Mechanisation, direct
cost, general expenditure and fixed improvements respectively represent 21%, 18%, 19%
and 2% of cash expenditure.
Die samestelling van kontantuitgawes het sedert
2004 grootliks onveranderd gebly, met arbeid
wat steeds die grootste komponent verteenwoordig, naamlik 40% in die 2013-oesjaar.
Die tendens beeld wel uit dat die komponent
gespandeer aan arbeid ten opsigte van totale
produksiekoste wel afneem, nieteenstaande
loonaanpassings gedurende die tydperk. Dit kan
toegeskryf word aan produktiwiteitsverbetering,
asook toenemende meganisering. Meganisasie,
direkte koste, algemene uitgawes en vaste verbeteringe verteenwoordig onderskeidelik 21%,
18%, 19% en 2% van kontantuitgawes.
Samestelling van jaarlikse kontantuitgawes / Composition of annual cash expenditure
Bedryf / Industry
100%
90%
80%
70%
15%
16%
17%
17%
16%
15%
16%
18%
19%
19%
4%
5%
5%
4%
4%
4%
4%
3%
4%
2%
19%
19%
19%
20%
21%
21%
20%
21%
20%
21%
44%
44%
44%
43%
42%
42%
41%
41%
40%
40%
17%
16%
15%
15%
17%
18%
19%
18%
17%
18%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Arbeid / Labour
Vaste verbeteringe / Fixed improvements
Algemene uitgawes / General expenditure
Gedurende die produksieproses word nie net
dit wat jaarliks aangekoop word vir die produksieproses gebruik nie, maar gereedskap en
implemente is ook nodig. So word trekkers,
gereedskap en ander produksiemiddele oor tyd
“opgebruik”. Selfs wingerde en geboue gaan
agteruit en moet vervang word. Die “agteruitgang” en “opgebruik” van hierdie items maak
deel uit van kostes in die produksieproses.
The production process not only uses that which
is purchased annually for the production process
– tools and implements are also needed. Over a
period of time tractors, tools and other production means are “consumed”. Even vineyards and
buildings deteriorate and need to be replaced.
The “deterioration” and “consumption” of these
items are part and parcel of the costs involved
in the production process.
KLAAR
Inaggenome die feit dat die aankoopwaarde
van ’n item oor sy leeftyd verhaal moet word,
asook die wisselvalligheid van inflasie, moet
voldoende voorsiening hiervoor gemaak word.
Deur die beginsel ‘voorsiening vir vervanging’
te gebruik, word ’n groter bedrag verhaal as
in die geval van ‘depresiasie’. Dit spreek die
probleem van reglynige waardevermindering tot
’n mate aan en verseker dat die lopende saak
gehandhaaf word.
Taking into account the fact that the purchase
value of an item needs to be recovered in the
course of its lifetime, as well as the fluctuation
of inflation, sufficient provision has to be made
for renewal. By using the principle ‘provision for
renewal’ a larger amount is recovered than in
the case of ‘depreciation’. To a certain extent
this addresses the problem of rectilinear depreciation in value and ensures that the running
concern is maintained.
Met die berekening van voorsiening vir vervanging word items oor verskillende termyne afgeskryf teen vervangingswaarde:
When calculating provision for renewal, items
are written off against renewal value over va
rious periods:
Geboue
Wingerde
Los bates /
produksiemiddele Buildings
Vineyards
Moveable assets /
means of production 7 - 15 jaar
60 years
20 years
7 - 15 years
Vervangingswaarde van kapitaalstruktuur / Replacement value of capital structure
Bedryf / Industry
2004 - 2013
R200 000
R101 935
R/ha
R108 160
R150 000
R194 854
60 jaar
20 jaar
R33 905
R20 321
R50 000
R52 789
R26 880
R54 734
R100 000
R0
Wingerde / Vineyards
Vaste verbeterings
(geboue) /
Fixed improvements
(buildings)
Totale voorsiening vir vervanging het in die
2013-oesjaar R9 080/ha beloop – ’n 5% styging
sedert 2012.
KLAAR
Losgoed
(produksiemiddele) /
Moveable assets
(production means)
Totaal (grond uitgesluit) /
Total (land excluded)
Total provision for renewal amounted to R9 080/
ha in the 2013 production year – a 5% increase
since 2012.
R10 000
Bedryf / Industry
R9 000
R7 937
R8 000
R9 080
R8 606
R8 139
R7 541
R6 876
R7 000
R6 108
R/ha
R6 000
R5 000
R5 633
R5 733
2005
2006
R4 779
R4 000
R3 000
R2 000
R1 000
R0
2004
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Produksie se invloed op gelykbreek / Influence of production on break-even
Die gemiddelde plaasgrootte vir die studiegroepe beloop tans 87 ha onder
KLAAR wyndruiwe
(ander vertakkings word nie hier in berekening gebring nie). Die gemiddelde produksie –
draende en nie-draende hektare ingesluit – het
in die 2013-oesjaar 17.50 ton/ha beloop.
The average farm size for the study groups
comprised 87 ha under wine grapes (other
enterprises are not taken into account here).
The average production – including bearing and
non-bearing hectares – amounted to 17.50 tons/
ha in the 2013 production year.
Die invloed van verhoogde produksie op die
gelykbreekprys van totale produksiekoste in
rand per ton is wesenlik. Totale produksiekoste
per hektaar wat met 10% sedert 2012 gestyg
het, het daartoe gelei dat die gelykbreek in
terme van rand per ton van R1 910/ton na
R2 042/ton toegeneem het in 2013. Anders
gestel; die eerste R2 042 wat die produsent
gedurende die 2013-oes vir ’n ton druiwe
ontvang het, behoort vir totale produksiekoste
aangewend te word – geen ondernemersloon,
rente of belasting is nog in berekening gebring
nie. Hierdie toename kan hoofsaaklik toegeskryf
word aan die bo-inflasie styging van produksiekoste in die totale bedryf. Let daarop dat
sommige distrikte ’n kleiner styging in produksiekoste gerealiseer het. Dit, tesame met ’n
rekordoes in 2013, het ’n positiewe impak op
sekere produsente se gelykbreekprys gehad.
The impact of increased yield on the break-even
price of total production cost in rand per hectare
is considerable. An increase of 10% in total production cost per hectare since 2012 resulted in
an increase in the break-even in terms of rand
per ton from R1 910/ha to R2 042/ha in 2013. In
other words, the first R2 042 that the producer
received for a ton of grapes during the 2013
harvest, should be used for total production
cost (no entrepreneurial remuneration, interest or
tax has been taken into account). This increase
can be ascribed mainly to the above-inflation
increase in production cost for the total industry. Note that certain districts realised a smaller
increase in production cost. This, in conjunction
with a record harvest in 2013, had a positive impact on the break-even price of some producers.
Invloed van produksie op gelykbreek / Influence of production on break-even
Bedryf / Industry
R2 500
18.00
17.00
R1 941
R2 028
R1 910
R2 042
R2 000
Ton/ha
R1 449
R1 497
R1 391
R1 420
R1 446
R1 500
15.00
R1 000
R/ton
R1 709
16.00
16.98
17.50
2009
15.08
2008
14.73
15.55
2006
16.31
15.34
2005
15.58
13.79
13.00
13.11
14.00
2010
2011
2012
2013
12.00
2004
2007
Produksie / Production (ton/ha)
R500
R0
Gelykbreek / Break-even (R/ton)
Gemiddelde produksie wissel wesenlik tussen die
onderskeie distrikte, terwyl die totale produksiekoste in rand per hektaar nie noemenswaardig
verskil nie. Hierdie produksieverskille gee egter
aanleiding daartoe dat daar groot verskille is
tussen die gelykbreekprys ten opsigte van totale
produksiekoste per ton in die onderskeie distrikte.
Average production varies considerably among
the respective districts, while the total production cost in rand per hectare does not differ
significantly. The above-mentioned differences
in production cause the break-even price in
respect of total production cost per ton to differ
immensely among the various districts.
KLAAR
Invloed van produksie op gelykbreek per distrik (2013-oes) /
Influence of production on break-even per district (2013 harvest)
35.00
R 6 000
R5 462
30.00
R 5 000
R3 123
R2 614
11.95
7.76
Paarl
Stellenbosch
Die gemiddelde ouderdomsamestelling van
deelnemers se wingerde het heelwat verswak
sedert 2004 – ’n sterk aanduiding dat produsente hul kapitale instandhouding agterweë
gelaat het weens laeKLAAR
winsmarges. Meer as 14%
van die wingerdoppervlak is ouer as 20 jaar en
12% van die wingerde in die steekproef is drie
jaar en jonger. Sommige distrikte toon wel ’n
gesonde ouderdomsamestelling en wingerde
word noukeurig vervang, wat lei tot ’n verhoging
in die totale wingerdstand.
8.10
20.45
Klein Karoo
Produksie / Production (ton/ha)
R 1 000
Malmesbury
18.18
20.4
Breedekloof
Robertson
19.54
0.00
Worcester
5.00
R 2 000
R1 173
17.50
R1 314
Bedryf / Industry
R1 563
10.00
31.13
R1 693
R 3 000
R2 042
Orange Riv(i)er
R1 694
R1 924
28.61
15.00
R/ton
R 4 000
20.00
Olifants Riv(i)er
Ton/ha
25.00
R0
Gelykbreek / Break-even (R/ton)
The average age composition of participants’
vineyards has definitely deteriorated since 2004
– a strong indication that producers failed to
keep up with capital maintenance due to low
profit margins. More than 14% of the vineyard
area is older than 20 years and 12% of the
vineyards in the sample are younger than three
years. However, some districts had a healthy age
composition, where vineyards are meticulously
replaced, which leads to an increase in total
vineyard area.
PRODUKSIEKOSTE VIR WYNDRUIWE – KOSTE AS RAND PER HEKTAAR (2013-OES)
PRODUCTION COST FOR WINE GRAPES – COST AS RAND PER HECTARE (2013 HARVEST)
DISTRIK / DISTRICT
Stellenbosch
Paarl
Robertson
KOSTESTRUKTUUR / COST STRUCTURE
DIREKTE KOSTE / DIRECT COST
Breedekloof
Olifants Riv(i)er
Worcester
Oranje Riv(i)er
Klein Karoo
Bedryf
Industry
Malmesbury
R/ha
4 438
3 742
5 298
5 528
5 139
5 197
2 944
3 823
4 670
SAAD / SEED
205
95
57
131
16
82
8
425
110
94
KUNSMIS / FERTILISER
768
932
2 005
1 321
2 122
1 908
1 327
1 130
1 405
863
ORGANIESE BEMESTING / ORGANIC MATERIAL
3 141
48
192
205
904
560
164
224
250
316
47
2 206
1 615
2 057
2 028
1 769
1 758
747
1 347
1 839
1 477
ONKRUIDBEHEER / HERBICIDE CONTROL
625
559
651
714
404
677
458
248
589
466
HERSTEL- & BINDMATERIAAL / REPAIR & BINDING MATERIAL
586
348
325
430
267
608
179
423
411
195
16 766
10 083
8 886
9 174
7 563
8 135
13 275
7 707
10 639
7 802
TOESIG & BESTUURSHULP / SUPERVISION
3 676
1 110
1 616
1 903
1 135
1 073
1 125
1 273
1 808
760
PERMANENTE ARBEID / PERMANENT LABOUR
7 979
6 090
5 023
5 983
4 911
6 056
5 924
5 125
6 076
3 495
SEISOENSARBEID & KONTRAKTEURS / SEASONAL & CONTRACT WORKERS
5 110
2 883
2 246
1 287
1 517
1 006
6 225
1 309
2 755
3 548
MEGANISASIE / MECHANISATION
5 700
4 717
5 508
5 232
6 488
4 804
6 609
6 837
5 501
4 498
BRANDSTOF / FUEL
2 383
2 158
1 934
2 416
2 659
2 268
3 377
2 766
2 358
1 749
HERSTEL, ONDERDELE & REPARASIES / REPAIR, PARTS & MAINTENANCE
2 705
1 652
2 902
2 123
2 592
1 919
2 115
3 456
2 352
1 509
LISENSIES & VERSEKERING / LICENCES & INSURANCE
471
374
483
472
735
484
709
365
497
354
VERVOER GEHUUR / TRANSPORT HIRED
141
534
189
221
502
134
408
251
294
886
VASTE VERBETERINGE / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS
981
696
716
1 184
1 238
933
884
339
913
644
HERSTEL & ONDERHOUD / REPAIR & MAINTENANCE
781
537
549
911
527
679
400
150
635
500
VERSEKERING / INSURANCE
200
159
167
273
711
254
484
189
278
145
ALGEMENE UITGAWES / GENERAL EXPENDITURE
5 367
3 971
5 450
4 349
6 355
4 869
4 090
4 486
4 936
2 251
ELEKTRISITEIT / ELECTRICITY
1 855
1 896
3 024
2 689
2 818
2 137
1 384
1 490
2 287
665
WATERKOSTE / WATER COST
791
574
984
211
2 050
1 450
1 288
1 838
971
674
GROND- EIENDOMS- & MUN BELASTINGS / LAND- PROPERTY- & MUN TAXES
452
191
179
225
287
177
288
125
257
108
2 269
1 310
1 263
1 224
1 200
1 105
1 131
1 032
1 421
804
33 251
23 210
25 858
25 467
26 783
23 938
27 801
23 192
26 659
18 337
VOORSIENING VIR VERVANGING / PROVISION FOR RENEWAL
9 135
8 030
9 118
9 079
10 798
9 160
8 729
8 771
9 080
6 960
WINGERDE / VINEYARDS
5 347
5 442
5 487
5 491
5 077
5 635
5 313
5 432
5 408
4 590
VASTE VERBETERINGS / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS
1 149
634
905
884
1 040
838
564
646
880
586
LOSGOED OF PRODUKSIEMIDDELE / MOVEABLE ASSETS OR PRODUCTION MEANS
2 639
1 954
2 726
2 703
4 681
2 688
2 852
2 692
2 792
1 785
42 386
31 240
34 976
34 546
37 580
33 098
36 531
31 963
35 739
25 297
PLAAG- & SIEKTEBEHEER / PESTICIDE CONTROL
ARBEID/ LABOUR #
ADMINISTRASIE / ADMINISTRATION *
TOTALE KONTANTUITGAWES / TOTAL CASH EXPENDITURE
TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE
GEMIDDELDE OPP GEPLANT / AREA PLANTED (HA)
AREA ONDER BESPROEIING / AREA UNDER IRRIGATION (%)
99
92
103
109
58
85
16
43
87
163
91%
90%
100%
100%
100%
99%
100%
100%
96%
38%
8.97
10.14
18.42
14.52
9.88
15.20
7.36
14.46
12.42
5.86
13.85
13.03
19.40
14.02
16.80
19.36
29.71
16.42
16.52
15.51
OUDERDOMSAMESTELLING / AGE COMPOSITION (%)
3 JAAR & JONGER / 3 YEARS & YOUNGER
TUSSEN 4 & 7 JAAR / BETWEEN 4 & 7 YEARS
43.52
51.12
33.24
39.33
37.91
33.65
42.65
47.98
41.03
60.43
16.05
15.22
15.18
17.84
19.26
15.21
10.82
14.15
15.95
13.55
OUER AS 20 JAAR / OLDER THAN 20 YEARS
17.61
10.50
13.76
14.28
16.14
16.58
9.47
6.99
14.08
4.65
7.76
11.95
18.18
20.40
28.61
19.54
31.13
20.45
17.50
8.10
KONTANTUITGAWES / CASH EXPENDITURE (R/TON)
4 285
1 942
1 422
1 248
936
1 225
893
1 134
1 523
2 264
TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE (R/TON)
5 462
2 614
1 924
1 693
1 314
1 694
1 173
1 563
2 042
3 123
GEMIDDELDE OPBRENGS / AVERAGE YIELD (TON/HA)
# Ingesluit: Voorsorgfonds, WVF, medies, beskermde klere, klerasie, bonusse, rantsoene, ongevalle / vergoeding kommisaris, ens.
# Included: Provident fund, UIF, medical, protected clothes, clothing, bonus, ransom, workman’s compensation comission, etc.
* Ingesluit: Bankkoste, ouditeursgelde, lidmaatskappe, sekuriteit, rekenaaronderhoud, professionele dienste, kursusse/opleiding, posgeld, telefoon,
skryfbehoeftes, besproeiingsmonitering en diverse uitgawes.
* Included: Banking costs, bookkeeping fees, membership fees, security, computer maintenance, professional fees, training/courses, postage, telephone,
stationery, irrigation monitoring and sundries.
Kostestruktuur van top presteerders /
Cost structure of top achievers
Die top presteerders word volgens beste netto
boerdery inkomste (NBI) geselekteer. Top presteerders se jaarlikse kontantuitgawes (R24 806/
ha) was gedurende die 2013-oesjaar minstens
7% laer as dié van die bedryf (R26 659/ha),
terwyl die voorsiening vir vervanging van die top
presteerders (R9 509/ha) 2% hoër was as die
bedryfsgemiddeld (R9 080/ha). Totale produksie
koste van die top presteerders het R34 314/
ha teenoor die bedryfsgemiddelde R35 739/ha
beloop – 5% laer.
The top achievers are selected according to
highest net farming income (NFI). Top achievers’ annual cash expenditure (R24 806/ha) was
at least 7% lower than that of the industry
(R26 659/ha) during the 2013 production year,
while the provision for renewal of the top
achievers (R9 509/ha) was 2% higher than the
industry average (R9 080/ha). Total production cost of the top achievers amounted to
R34 314/ha compared to the industry average of
R35 739/ha, which was 5% lower.
PRODUKSIEKOSTE VIR WYNDRUIWE (R/HA) /
PRODUCTION COST FOR WINE GRAPES (R/HA)
KOSTESTRUKTUUR / COST STRUCTURE
DIREKTE KOSTE / DIRECT COST
Saad / Seed
Kunsmis / Fertiliser
Organiese Bemesting / Organic Material
Top 50
2011
R/ha
Bedryf
Industry
2011
R/ha
Top 50
2012
R/ha
Bedryf
Industry
2012
R/ha
Top 50
2013
R/ha
Bedryf
Industry
2013
R/ha
4 140
3 992
4 530
4 150
5 063
4 670
65
97
84
107
109
110
1 155
1 061
1 393
1 221
1 327
1 405
346
225
417
242
569
316
1 661
1 655
1 661
1 639
1 963
1 839
Onkruidbeheer / herbicide Control
541
592
552
548
594
589
Herstel- & Bindmateriaal / Repair & Binding Material
373
362
422
393
501
411
ARBEID / LABOUR #
7 412
9 111
7 937
9 630
8 751
10 639
Toesig & Bestuurshulp / Supervision
1 140
1 593
1 568
1 689
1 648
1 808
Permanente Arbeid / Permanent Labour
4 728
5 272
5 092
5 616
5 668
6 076
Seisoensarbeid & Kontrakteurs / Seasonal & Contract Workers
1 544
2 246
1 278
2 325
1 435
2 755
MEGANISASIE / MECHANISATION
4 341
4 633
4 543
4 868
5 369
5 501
Brandstof / Fuel
1 599
1 726
1 820
2 040
2 350
2 358
Herstel, Onderdele & Reparasies / Repair, Parts & Maintenance
1 976
2 243
2 059
2 136
2 208
2 352
Lisensies & Versekering / Licences & Insurance
507
422
464
460
522
497
Vervoer Gehuur / Transport Hired
260
242
199
232
289
294
VASTE VERBETERINGE / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS
517
707
715
720
953
913
Herstel & Onderhoud / Repair & Maintenance
296
486
488
490
721
635
Versekering / Insurance
221
221
227
230
231
278
ALGEMENE UITGAWES / GENERAL EXPENDITURE
4 125
3 999
4 328
4 466
4 670
4 936
Elektrisiteit / Electricity
1 777
1 768
2 269
2 063
2 245
2 287
Waterkoste / Water Cost
1 060
846
861
931
963
971
223
209
172
218
222
257
1 066
1 176
1 026
1 254
1 241
1 421
20 537
22 443
22 054
23 834
24 806
26 659
VOORSIENING VIR VERVANGING / PROVISION FOR RENEWAL
8 324
8 140
8 815
8 606
9 509
9 080
Wingerde / Vineyards
4 714
4 725
5 143
5 082
5 509
5 408
774
791
910
832
936
880
2 835
2 623
2 761
2 691
3 063
2 792
28 860
30 582
30 869
32 439
34 315
35 739
Plaag- & Siektebeheer / Pesticide Control
Grond-, Eiendoms- & Mun Belastings / Land-, Property- & Mun Taxes
Administrasie / Administration *
TOTALE KONTANTUITGAWES / TOTAL CASH EXPENDITURE
Vaste Verbeterings / Fixed Improvements
Losgoed Of Produksiemiddele / MOVEABLE Assets Or Production Means
TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE
Die persentasie samestelling van top presteerders
se kontantuitgawes verskil nie noemenswaardig
van die bedryfsgemiddeld nie. Direkte kostes by
top presteerders was gedurende die vier oorsigjare
hoër as dié van die bedryf, hoofsaaklik vanweë
groter spandering aan bemesting en plaag- en
siektebeheer. Die meganisasie-komponent is by
top presteerders groter en totale spandering aan
arbeid by die groep laer as die bedryfsgemiddeld.
Gesien in die lig hiervan wil dit voorkom of die top
presteerders tot ’n mate meer gemeganiseerd is
ten koste van arbeid, of arbeid word meer produktief aangewend. Die ander kostekomponente toon
egter nie veel verskille nie.
The percentage composition of top achievers’
cash expenditure does not differ significantly
from the industry average. Top achievers’ direct costs were higher than that of the industry
during the four years under review, mainly due
to greater spending on fertiliser and pest and
disease management. Top achievers’ mechanisation component is bigger, while total spending
on labour is lower with this group than the industry average. In view of the above it seems as
though the top achievers are more mechanised
at the expense of labour, or labour is applied
more productively. The other cost components
do not differ much.
Samestelling van jaarlikse kontantuitgawes (top presteerders teenoor bedryfsgemiddeld) /
Composition of annual cash expenditure (top achievers compared to industry average)
100%
17%
16%
80%
3%
4%
70%
22%
20%
38%
41%
36%
41%
21%
19%
20%
Top 50
2010
Bedryf/Industry
2010
Top 50
2011
90%
20%
3%
21%
18%
20%
19%
19%
19%
3%
3%
4%
3%
20%
22%
21%
36%
40%
35%
40%
18%
21%
17%
20%
18%
Bedryf/Industry
2011
Top 50
2012
Bedryf/Industry
2012
Top 50
2013
Bedryf/Industry
2013
3%
21%
21%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Arbeid / Labour
Vaste verbeteringe / Fixed improvements
Algemeen / General
Hoewel die kostestruktuur van top presteerders
Although the cost structure of top achievers
van die bedryfsgemiddeld verskil wat betref
differs from the industry average with regard
samestelling en werklike randwaarde, was dit
to composition and actual rand value, it was
KLAAR
inkomste per hektaar – hoofsaaklik gedryf deur
income per hectare – mainly fuelled by producproduksie en gemiddelde uitbetaling – wat vir
tion and average payment – that resulted in the
die vierde agtereenvolgende jaar die aansienlike
considerable improvement in NFI for the fourth
verbetering in NBI bewerkstellig het.
consecutive year.
Die ouderdomsamestelling van wingerd oor die
oorsigperiode toon nie wesenlike verskille nie.
Beide groeperings beskik na regte oor ’n aanvaarbare ouderdomsamestelling.
The age composition of grapevines over the
three year period under review does not differ
much. For both groups the age composition is
quite acceptable.
Wat doen top presteerders anders? / What sets top performers apart?
Die volgende korttermyn tegniese praktyke het
oor die afgelope drie tot vyf jaar die winsgewendheid van individuele wynprodusente ’n hupstoot
gegee.
Snoeimetodes
In ’n poging om produksie te verhoog, poog
produsente om oogladings tydens snoei te
verhoog deur die toepassing van verskillende
snoeipraktyke. Die aantal oë word toegeken met
inagneming van die groeikrag – geiler stokke kry
dus meer of langer draers en ’n hoër ooglading.
Verskillende snoeimetodes/-stelsels word ook vir
verskillende wyndoelwitte toegepas.
Lowerbestuurspraktyke
Lower word bestuur om vegetatiewe groei te
akkommodeer sonder verlies aan vrugbaarheid
en met behoud van kwaliteit. Groot fokus word
geplaas op lig in die lower en suier-, top- en
blaarbreek-aksies word uitgevoer om te verhoed
dat stokke te dig en onvrugbaar raak. Produsente
poog ook om op arbeid te bespaar deur sekere
praktyke uit te skakel of af te skaal. Só word
wingerde onder andere meer toegelaat om oop
te lê (sprawl) om voldoende deurlugting en belig
ting te verseker. Voorheen is voorkeur gegee aan
vertikale lootposisionering (VSP) waar al die lote
tussen die loofdrade ingedruk word en verdigting
maklik kan plaasvind indien daar nie gesuier
word nie.
Bemesting en besproeiing
Groeikrag het ’n groot impak op produksie en
produsente pas hul bemestings- en besproeiingspraktyke volgens spesifieke wyndoelwitte
toe. Premium-blokke het matige groei en drag
wat in balans is, terwyl bulkwynblokke sterker
groeikrag het wat ’n groter lower en drag kan
akkommodeer. Besproeiing en bemesting word
hierby aangepas.
Blokke met hoër produksies word dikwels geassosieer met:
•
•
•
•
Goed gedreineerde grond
Diep grondvoorbereiding
Meer stikstof (N)
Luukse watervoorsiening (nie te veel nie –
risiko van versuiping).
Tekortbesproeiing (“RDI”) word slegs toegepas
indien die wynprys dit regverdig.
The following short-term technical practices
improved the profitability of individual wine producers over the past three to five years.
Pruning methods
In an attempt to increase production, producers
attempt to increase bud load during pruning by
means of various pruning practices. The number
of buds allocated depends on vigour – grapevines that are more vigorous have more spurs
or longer bearers – in other words, a higher
bud load. Moreover, different pruning methods/
systems are used for different wine objectives.
Canopy management practices
Canopies are managed to accommodate vegetative growth without loss of fertility, while
retaining quality. There is considerable focus
on sunlight penetration within the canopy, and
suckering techniques, topping and leaf removal
are performed to prevent grapevine canopies from becoming too dense and infertile.
Producers also attempt to save on labour by
eliminating or downscaling certain practices. By
allowing certain grapevines to sprawl in order to
ensure sufficient aeration and light penetration,
shoots do not need to be tucked into wires as
required with vertical shoot positioning systems. The latter practice could be responsible
for too dense canopies unless proper suckering
takes place.
Fertilisation and irrigation
Vigour has a great impact on yield; therefore
producers apply their fertilisation and irrigation
practices according to specific wine objectives.
The growth and yield in premium blocks are
moderate and in balance, whereas bulk wine
blocks are more vigorous in order to accommodate larger canopies and yields. Irrigation and
fertilisation are adjusted accordingly.
Blocks with high yield are often associated with:
•
•
•
•
Well-drained soil
Deep soil preparation
More nitrogen (N)
Abundant water provision (not too much –
risk of drowning).
Deficit irrigation (“RDI”) is applied only if it is
justified by the price of the wine.
Belyn praktyke met die wyndoelwit
Align practices with the wine objective
Wingerdbestuur het tot ’n groot mate verskuif
vanaf slegs gehalte teen alle koste na winsgewendheid teen die regte gehalte. Produsente
belyn dus hul praktyke met die uiteindelike wyndoelwit en druiweprys. ’n Langtermynpraktyk
wat vorentoe ’n groot rol gaan speel, is die gebruik van nouer plantwydtes, en spesifiek nouer
rywydte, wat meer rye per hektaar gee.
Viticultural management has shifted to a large
extent from quality alone at all costs, to profitability combined with the right quality. Producers
are therefore aligning their practices with the
eventual wine objective and grape price. A longterm practice that is set to play a significant role
in the future, is the use of narrower plant widths,
and specifically narrower row width, which gives
more rows per hectare.
Alternatiewe prieelstelsels
Die keuse van prieelstelsel het ’n baie groot
impak op winsgewendheid, en hoewel nog in
die beginfase, gebruik ál meer produsente alternatiewe prieelstelsels of bestuur hul bestaande
stelsel(s) anders.
Alternatiewe prieelstelsels kan:
Alternative trellising systems
The choice of trellis system has an enormous
impact on profitability, and although it is early
days yet, more and more producers are using
alternative trellis systems, or manage their existing system(s) differently.
• Produksie (ton/ha) verhoog deurdat verhoogde effektiewe blaaroppervlak ’n groter
oes kan rypmaak
• Arbeidskostes verlaag, byvoorbeeld ooplêstelsels teenoor VSP
• Sonligpenetrasie verbeter
• Tot meer gebalanseerde groeikrag lei
• Tot beter gehalte teen ’n hoër produksie aanleiding gee, vanweë groter effektiewe lowers.
Alternative trellis systems can:
Uitkap van nie-winsgewende blokke
Uprooting of non-profitable blocks
Laer-produserende blokke of dié waarvan die
druiwe nie meer in aanvraag is nie, word uitgekap.
Blocks with low yields, or blocks with grapes that
are no longer in demand, are uprooted.
Doeltreffende arbeidsbestuur
Efficient labour management
As deel van beter algemene kostebestuur, word
arbeid meer doeltreffend bestuur deur onder
andere te meganiseer waar moontlik en gebruik
te maak van meer opgeleide arbeiders waar
hande-arbeid wel benodig word.
As part of improved general cost management,
labour is managed more efficiently by means of
mechanisation, inter alia, where possible, and
where manual labour is required, by making use
of more skilled labourers.
Plant nuwe wingerde aan
Plant new vineyards
Slegs winsgewende produsente plant tans nuwe
wingerde aan, maar doen fyn beplanning vir
beter produksies met betrekking tot die grond,
kultivar, onderstok, klone, prieel, besproeiing,
bemesting, snoei en lowerbestuur.
Only producers who make a profit are currently
planting new vineyards, following meticulous
planning for improved yields with regard to the
soil, cultivar, rootstock, clones, trellis, irrigation,
fertilisation, pruning and canopy management.
Tydsberekening van aksies
Timing of actions
Die korrekte tydsberekening van verskillende
wingerdaksies is baie belangrik – dit kan kostes
bespaar en effektiwiteit verbeter. Feitlik alle aksies vereis ’n bepaalde tyd; verbeur dit en betaal
die gevolge.
Correct timing of various vineyard activities can
go a long way to reducing costs and increasing
the effectiveness of operations, where late action
often comes with extra costs. Just about every
activity has it’s time; miss it and it will cost you.
• Increase yield (ton/ha), as a larger effective
leaf surface area is able to ripen a larger crop
• Reduce labour costs, for example sprawling
systems versus vertical positioning
• Improve sunlight penetration
• Result in more balanced vigour
• Result in improved quality and higher yield,
due to bigger effective canopies.
Teikeninkomste (2013-oes) / Target income (2013 harvest)
Dit is van uiterste belang dat produsente en
ander rolspelers in die wynbedryf weet wat die
teikeninkomste per hektaar moet wees om te
verseker dat redelike en aanvaarbare ekonomiese opbrengste gerealiseer word. Om die tei
keninkomste te bepaal word die totale produksiekoste, ’n aanvaarbare ondernemersloon,
asook ’n realistiese opbrengs op kapitaalbelegging in berekening gebring. Sodoende word
die teikeninkomste per hektaar bepaal, wat
na gelang van verskillende produksies aangepas moet word om teikenpryse vir spesifieke
produkte te bepaal. Hierdie syfers is slegs
’n gemiddelde teikeninkomste per distrik ten
opsigte van Produksieplan-deelnemers en die
ideaal is dat elke produsent sy eie individuele
teikeninkomste bepaal na gelang van sy plaasgrootte, kostestruktuur, ens.
It is important that producers and other role
players are informed of what their target income
per hectare should be to ensure that reasonable
and acceptable economic yields are obtained.
Total production cost, entrepreneurial remuneration and a realistic return on capital investment
are all taken into account to determine the total
target income. After the target income per hectare has been calculated, it should be divided
according to varying levels of production in order
to determine target prices for specific products. The target income guidelines shown here
represent the average for all the participants of
the Production Plan per district and producers
should ideally calculate their individual target
income according to their own cost structure,
farm size, etc.
52 786
Teikeninkomste voor ondernemingsloon
Target income before entrepreneurial remuneration
62 386
51 240
9 600
41 640
10 400
31 240
8 030
23 210
40
Paarl
54 976
9 600
45 376
10 400
34 976
9 118
25 858
40
Robertson
54 546
9 600
44 946
10 400
34 546
9 079
25 467
40
Breedekloof
57 580
9 600
47 980
10 400
37 580
10 798
26 783
40
Olifants
Riv(i)er
R/ha
53 098
9 600
43 498
10 400
33 098
9 160
23 938
40
Worcester
56 531
9 600
46 931
10 400
36 531
8 729
27 801
40
Orange
Riv(i)er
51 963
9 600
42 363
10 400
31 963
8 771
23 192
40
Klein Karoo
55 739
9 600
46 139
10 400
35 739
9 080
26 659
40
Bedryf /
Industry
3 119
2 495
2 080
20
25
30
5 199
4 159
12
15
7 798
6 239
8
12 477
10
5
Produksie per hektaar / Yield per hectare
1 708
2 050
2 562
3 416
4 270
5 124
6 405
10 248
1 833
2 199
2 749
3 665
4 581
5 498
6 872
10 995
1 818
2 182
2 727
3 636
4 546
5 455
6 818
10 909
1 919
2 303
2 879
3 839
4 798
5 758
7 198
11 516
R/ton
1 770
2 124
2 655
3 540
4 425
5 310
6 637
10 620
1 884
2 261
2 827
3 769
4 711
5 653
7 066
11 306
1 732
2 079
2 598
3 464
4 330
5 196
6 495
10 393
1 858
2 230
2 787
3 716
4 645
5 574
6 967
11 148
Teikeninkomste riglynE per ton (2013) / Target income guidelineS per ton (2013)
Teikeninkomste per ha
Target income per ha
9 600
10 400
Ondernemingsloon (R32 000/maand)
Entrepreneurial remuneration (R32 000/month)
42 386
Rente op belegging (vestigingskoste – R130 000/ha)
Interest on investment (establishment cost – R130 000/ha)
9 135
Teikeninkomste na produksiekoste
Target income after production cost
33 251
Voorsiening vir vervanging
Provision for renewal
40
Stellenbosch
Totale kontantuitgawes
Total cash expenditures
Plaasgrootte / Farm size (ha)
DISTRIK / DISTRICT
Teikeninkomste riglyne per hektaar (2013) / Target income guidelineS per hectare (2013)
1 293
1 551
1 939
2 586
3 232
3 878
4 848
7 757
38 783
5 486
33 297
8 000
25 297
6 960
18 337
70
Malmesbury
Arbeidsriglyne / Labour guidelines
Arbeidsnorme / Labour norms
Arbeid is verreweg die grootste komponent van
die wyndruifprodusent se jaarlikse kostes. Daarom is die effektiewe bestuur van die arbeidsmag
op die plaas baie belangrik. In die volgende tabel
is arbeidsnorme vir sekere aksies saamgevat wat
die wyndruifprodusent sal help met die beplanning, bestuur van, en begroting vir arbeid – beide
permanent en seisoenaal – deur die jaar.
Labour is by far the largest component of wine
grape producers’ annual expenditure. Therefore
efficient management of the labour corps on
the farm is of utmost importance. The following
table includes labour norms for specific actions
that will assist the wine grape producer to plan,
manage and budget for labour – both permanent
and seasonal – throughout the year.
Arbeidsnorme / Labour Norms
Tipe aksie / Type of action
Man-ure per hektaar /
Man hours per hectare
Wingerd uittrek / Vineyard uproot
Bosstok / Bush vines
Opleiwingerd / Trellised vineyards
40 - 55
1100 - 1400
Skoonmaak van grond / Field clearing
23 - 30
Skoonmaak van grond (trekker) / Field clearing (tractor)
25 - 35
Verwyder ou stokke / Uproot old vines
23 - 30
Wegry van stokke / Remove vines from site
25 - 35
Wingerdvestiging (alle aktiwiteite) / Establishment (all activities)
Jaar 1 / Year 1
900 - 1300
Jaar 2 / Year 2
1000 - 2400
Jaar 3 / Year 3
1000 - 1500
Wingerdvestiging (gespesifiseerde aktiwiteite) / Establishment (specified activities)
Pale plant / Plant posts
Draadspan / Strain wires
Besproeiing installeer / Install irrigation
Opleistelsel oprig (medium tot groot) / Erect trellis systems (medium to large)
Saai van dekgewas / Sow cover crop seed
Plant van stokke / Plant vines
Lê van dekplastiek / Lay plastic covering
320 - 380
70 - 90
170 - 200
1200 - 1700
3-5
160 - 185
24 - 30
Groenlootontwikkeling / Green shoot development
230 - 300
Winterloot op raamwerk / Winter cane on framework
110 - 125
Oesbeheer / Crop control
65 - 80
Ander aktiwiteite / Other activities
Voorsnoei vir oplei / Pre-prune for trellising
30 - 37
Skoonsnoei vir bosstok / Clear pruning for bush vines
86 - 160
Skoonsnoei vir oplei / Clear pruning for trellising
105 - 120
Stompsnoei vir bosstok / Blunt pruning for bush vines
45 - 55
Stompsnoei vir oplei / Blunt pruning for trellising
42 - 62
Gesamentlike snoei (skoon en stomp) / Collective pruning (blunt and clear)
90 - 145
Suier intensief / Intensive offset
45 - 80
Suier ekstensief / Extensive offset
24 - 45
Lote deursteek / Plant shoots
20 - 36
Top van lote / Top shoots
15 - 25
Blare uitbreek / Remove leaves
20 - 30
Oesbeheer / Crop control
65 - 80
Oes van bosstok (man-ure per ton) / Harvest of bush vines (man hours per ton)
11 - 15
Oes van oplei (man-ure per ton) / Harvest of trellis (man hours per ton)
9 - 11
Vir eie gebruik /
For own use
Arbeidsnorme / Labour Norms
Tipe aksie / Type of action
Besproeiing in seisoen / Irrigation in season
Plaagbeheer (trekker) / Pest control (tractor)
Somerloofaksie / Summer foliage action
Man-ure per hektaar /
Man hours per hectare
20 - 35
Vir eie gebruik /
For own use
60 - 75
230 - 320
Skoffel / Hand clean
25 - 40
Minimum loon / Minimum wage
Die minimum loon vanaf 1 Maart 2014 tot
28 Februarie 2015 is soos volg:
The minimum wage from 1 March 2014 until
28 February 2015 is as follows:
Uurlikse loon / Hourly wage
R12.41 per uur / per hour
Daaglikse loon / Daily wage
R111.72 per dag / per day
Weeklikse loon / Weekly wage
R558.60 per week
Maandelikse loon / Monthly wage
R2 420.41 per maand / per month
Vestigingskoste / Establishment cost
Die vestiging van wingerd is ’n langtermyn,
kapitaal-intensiewe besluit waarmee die produsent vir meer as 20 jaar moet saamleef. Dit is
dus krities dat alle aspekte rondom so ’n besluit
deeglik besin moet word alvorens dit geneem of
uitgevoer word.
The establishment of vineyard is a long-term,
capital-intensive decision, which will have an
effect on the producer for the next 20 years or
more. It is therefore critical that all aspects surrounding the matter are thoroughly considered
before the decision is made or implemented.
Grondvoorbereiding / Soil preparation
Dit is wenslik om die volgende prosedures te
volg ten einde ’n eenmalige, korrekte voorbereiding vir die meerjarige wingerd daar te stel.
The following procedures are recommended to
ensure once-off, correct soil preparation for the
perennial grapevine.
(In samewerking met Braham Oberholzer, VinProgrondkundige).
(In collaboration with Braham Oberholzer, VinPro
soil scientist).
Grondontledings
Soil analyses
Chemiese regstellings, soos die uitstrooi van die
regte hoeveelheid kalk vir die regstel van die grond
se pH en fosforstatus, gaan gepaard met grondvoorbereiding. In die meeste gevalle lei grond wat
bekalk is tot ’n pH van 6 tot ’n betekenisvolle verhoging in wortelmassas van onderstokke.
Chemical adjustments such as the application
of the right amount of lime to adjust the soil’s
pH and phosphorus status, go hand in hand
with soil preparation. In most instances soil that
had been limed to a pH of 6 led to a significant
increase in the root mass of rootstocks.
Grondprofiel-inspeksie
Soil profile inspection
Die maak van profielgate vir grondklassifikasie is nodig sodat beoordeel kan word watter
bewerkingsmetode nodig sal wees. Grondverskuiwingsmaatskappye werk vandag baie nou
saam met grondkundiges en dring dikwels aan
by produsente dat grondkundiges eers gronde
moet besigtig of klassifiseer. Netjiese profielgate
wat strek tot 1 500 mm en selfs dieper bied
goeie aanwysers vir besluitneming.
It is necessary to create profile pits for soil classification, in order to determine the required
cultivation method. Nowadays there is excellent
collaboration between earthmovers and soil
scientists, the former often urging producers
to have a soil scientist view or classify the soil
beforehand. Neat profile pits up to a depth of
1 500 mm and deeper are very good indicators
in decision-making.
Implementkeuse / Implement selection
Implement selection
Wieltrekkers is lankal nie meer die oplossing vir
diep grondbewerking nie, omdat kontak met
die grondoppervlak te min is, genoegsame krag
op die grond ontbreek en die wielglip moontlik
grondkompaksie bevorder. Kruiptrekkers is die
enigste kragbron wat suksesvol gebruik kan
word, aangesien dit meer krag na die grond
verplaas met minder kompaksie weens groter
kontak tussen die rusperbande en die grondoppervlak.
Tractors are no longer suitable for deep soil
preparation, as their soil surface contact is insufficient, there is not sufficient power available
on the soil and if used, slipping wheels could
add to soil compaction. Bulldozers are the only
source of power that can be used successfully,
as they displace more power to the soil with less
compaction due to the larger contact area of the
caterpillar tyres on the soil’s surface.
Tipe vermenging
Tans is die gebruik van slootgrawers, bekend as
spitdol, ’n gemaklike opsie om te oorweeg. Daar
is egter min gronde wat uitstekend gepas is tot
die gebruik van die spitdol; daarom word groot
masjiene eerder aanbeveel. Indien lae voorkom,
weens onder andere drastiese tekstuurverskille
(dupleksgronde), moet versigtig omgegaan
word met ’n slootgrawer wat lae vermeng, en
sal ’n skuifmengdol wat lae in posisie hou, beter
gepas wees.
Type of mix
Currently the use of digger loaders, known as
“spit” delve, is a good option to consider. However, there are not many soils that are totally
suited to the use of the “spit” delve; therefore
large machines are preferred. If layers occur due
to, inter alia, drastic differences in texture (duplex soils), a digger loader should be used with
caution, since it mixes layers, and one would
prefer a finger mix delve plough, which keeps
layers in position.
’n Skeurploeg en skuifmengdol se aanvoorwydte
– die wydte tussen die implement se skare –
moet ook voor die tyd bepaal word, hoofsaaklik weens koste-implikasies en die nodigheid
daarvan. Indien groot lense onversteurde grond
tussen die aanvoorwydtes vermy wil word, sal
hierdie keuse oordeelkundig gemaak moet word.
Die lense kan gewoonlik met ’n kruisaksie verklein word. Indien daar tot dieptes van 900 mm
bewerk word, moet die aanvoor twee-derdes
opneem – dus 600 mm.
The furrow width – the width between the
plough-shares – of a ripper and finger mix delve
plough needs to be determined well in advance,
mainly due to cost implications and the necessity thereof. If you want to avoid large lenses of
undisturbed soil between the furrow widths, this
will have to be a carefully considered decision.
Lenses can usually be reduced with a cross
action. If vines are planted up to a depth of
900 mm, the furrow should be take up two-thirds
– in other words 600 mm.
Tydperk van grondvoorbereiding
Period of soil preparation
Die tydperk van grondvoorbereiding is baie
belangrik. In té droë grond sal groot kluite, veral
op die oppervlakte, breek wat ’n ongewenste
situasie skep wanneer ingewerk word met dolaksies. Die grondklimaat is byvoorbeeld geskik
vir bewerking wanneer ’n balletjie grond gerol
kan word en met geringe druk uitmekaar kan
val. Klimaat en kalkbehoefte sal dan bepaal of
die grond gekruisdol moet word of anders net ’n
enkele aksie sal benodig. Die vorming van groot
kluite kan beperk word deur benatting van die
grond vir vier ure met sprinkelbesproeiing in die
orde van ± 25 mm water en ’n toelating van 48
– 72 uur daarna vir uitdroging.
The period of soil preparation is of utmost importance. In excessively dry soils, large clods
will break, especially on the surface, which
creates an undesirable situation when the soil
is trenched. The soil climate is, for example,
most optimal for cultivation when a ball of soil
can be rolled and falls apart with the slightest
of pressure. Climate and lime requirements will
determine whether the soil should be crossdelved or alternatively require a single action.
The formation of large clods can be limited if
the soil is wetted for four hours with sprinkler
irrigation at ± 25 mm water, followed by a drying
period of 48 - 72 hours.
Opsomming
Summary
Die volgende moet in gedagte gehou word:
The following should be kept in mind at all times:
• Oormatige bewerking kan lei tot struktuurvernietiging en die grond, wanneer droog, sal tot
poeierstof bewerk wees.
• Té wye aanvoorwydtes lei tot swak vermen
ging met groot onaangeraakte grondbanke/lense.
• Die bewerkingsrigting moet korrek gekies word
met die oog op ondergrondse dreinering.
• Die grondklimaat moet korrek wees – ’n té
droë klimaat lei tot groot kluite en ’n té nat
klimaat smeer die ondergrond.
• Excessive tillage can result in destruction of
the structure and the soil, when dry, will have
been tilled to a powdery matter.
• Excessively wide furrow widths result in
poor mixing with large untouched soil banks/
lenses.
• Cultivation row should be selected correctly
with a view to drain the subsoil.
• The soil climate should be correct – a too dry
climate will lead to large clods and a too wet
climate will smear the subsoil.
Gereelde evaluering van grondvoorbereiding is onontbeerlik. Profielgate moet gereeld gemaak word
(hou slootgrawer byderhand), sodat vordering en
kwaliteit deur kundiges beoordeel kan word.
Regular evaluation of soil preparation is essential. That means creating regular profile pits
(keep trencher handy), so that progress and
quality may be judged by the experts.
Die koste van grondvoorbereiding
Cost of soil preparation
Die moontlike kostes van verskillende grondvoorbereidingsaksies word in die volgende
tabel opgesom. Let wel dat hierdie slegs riglyne
is en dat die kostes sal wissel afhangende van
grondtipe, implement-tipe en die spesifieke
aksies wat deur die produsent verlang word.
Die produsent moet verder self vervoerkostes
in berekening bring volgens sy/haar eie situasie.
The potential costs of certain soil preparation
actions are summarised in the following table.
Please note that these are only guidelines and
that the actual costs will differ depending on
soil type, implement type and the specific actions required by the producer. Furthermore,
the producer must calculate the transport cost
according to his/her own situation.
TIPE BEWERKING
TYPE OF ACTION
DROë KOSTE
DRY COSTS (R/HA)
DIESELVERBRUIK
DIESEL USAGE
Caterpillar D8 /
Komatsu D155
Caterpillar D9 /
Komatsu D275
Caterpillar D8 /
Komatsu D155
Caterpillar D9 /
Komatsu D275
Rip maklike grond (wye aanvoorwydtes)
Rip easy soil (wide furrow width)
R6 300/ha
R7 350/ha
37%
45%
Rip moeilike grond (nou aanvoorwydtes)
Rip difficult terrain and soil (narrow furrow widths)
R8 400/ha
R9 450/ha
48%
62%
Rip en kruis maklike grond (wye aanvoorwydtes)
Rip and cross easy soil (wide furrow width)
R10 500/ha
R14 700/ha
44%
40%
Rip en kruis moeilike grond (nou aanvoorwydtes)
Rip and cross difficult terrain and soil (narrow furrow width)
R14 700/ha
R19 950/ha
43%
40%
Diep meng- en skuifdolploeg (sonder rip)
Deep mix and delve plough (without rip)
R14 175/ha
R17 325/ha
44%
40%
Rip en kruisdol (nou aanvoorwydte)
Rip and cross delve (narrow furrow width)
R16 800/ha
R23 100/ha
45%
40%
Enkeltoon rip en 3 toon kruis-mengrip
Single blade rip and 3 blade cross-mix rip
R7 875/ha
R9 450/ha
50%
55%
Spitdol vol oppervlakte (25 ton slootgrawer)
Spit delve full area (25 ton excavator)
R17 850/ha
35%
Spitdol net op rye en opert (25 ton slootgrawer)
Spit delve only on rows and ridging (25 ton excavator)
R9 450/ha
40%
Ontbossing (D8 Cat)
Deforestation (D8 Cat)
Rye opert met bulldozer (D5-D6 Cat)
Ridging of rows with bulldozer (D5-D6 Cat)
Wingerd uitrip met vlerk (D8 Cat)
Remove vines with wing (D8 Cat)
Slootgrawer (CAT 22 ton) – werkstempo afhangend van grondtipe
Diggerloader (Cat 22 ton) – work tempo dependent on soil type
R4 200/ha
26%
R4 200 - R6 300/ha
30%
R3 150/ha
40%
R525/h
45 l/h
Koste van prieelstelsels / Cost of trellis systems
Die koste van prieelstelsels word bereken deur
die nuutste pryse (BTW uitgesluit) vanaf verskeie
verskaffers van pale, draad en ander materiaal te
verkry. Die gemiddelde pryse word in ’n teoretiese
model ingevoeg om die koste van verskillende
prieelstelsels met verskillende paallengtes, paalspasiërings, ens te bepaal. Dit bly dus teoretiese
bedrae en kan van werklike kostes verskil. Vir
’n meer akkurate kosteberekening van prieelstelselkoste, kontak die samestellers.
The cost of a trellis system is calculated by obtaining the latest prices (VAT excluded) for the
poles, wire and other materials from a number
of suppliers. These prices are entered into a
theoretical model to calculate the cost of various
trellis systems with different pole lengths, pole
spacings, etc. These are therefore theoretical
costs and may differ from actual costs. For a
more accurate cost calculation of different trellis
systems, please contact the compilers.
Vir vertikale prieelstelsels is die pale in 6 mvakke geplant en vir die alternatiewe stelsels is
die vakke 7.5 m. Kontak die samestellers gerus
om u unieke prieelstelselkoste te bepaal met
verskillende vaklengtes, paallengtes en -diktes.
For the vertical trellis systems a pole spacing
of 6 m is used and 7.5 m for alternative trellis
systems. Feel free to contact the compilers to
calculate your unique trellis system cost with
different pole types and spacing.
ALTERNATIEWE PRIEELSTELSELS / ALTERNATIVE TRELLIS SYSTEMS
Tipe stelsel
Type of system
Skuinskap – 1.5 m kappaal
Slanting trellis – 1.5 m slanting pole
Skuinskap – 1.8 m kappaal
Slanting trellis – 1.8 m slanting pole
Gewelstelsel – 2.1 m paal
Gable system – 2.1 m pole
Fabrieksdak – 2.1 m paal
Factory roof – 2.1 m pole
U-stelsel
U-system
Draadgewel
Wire gable
Lierstelsel
Lyre system
Paal
Pole
Ryspasiëring / Row spacing (m)
2.1
2.5
2.75
3
3.3
2.4 m (50 - 75)
–
–
49 731
44 387
40 363
2.4 m (50 - 75)
–
–
52 812
48 421
44 030
2.1 m (75 - 100)
–
–
70 620
64 938
58 983
2.1 m (75 - 100)
–
–
58 614
52 664
48 937
2.1 m (75 - 100)
–
–
–
75 414
66 689
2.1 m (50 - 75)
–
–
54 468
–
–
2.4 m (100 - 125)
–
–
–
86 138
–
2.7 m (75 - 100)
59 910
51 026
45 929
42 112
38 294
Grobbelaar
2.1 m (75 - 100)
–
66 020
61 095
56 170
53 773
T-kap
T-system
2.4 m (75 - 100)
62 800
58 115
53 430
51 151
Scott Henry
Daar mag soms verwarring voorkom tussen die
benamings en konstruksies van verskillende
vertikale prieelstelsels. Ten einde enige verwarring uit te skakel word ’n skematiese voorstelling
van die stelsels voorsien met die voorgestelde
benamings en afkortings tussen hakies.
There may be some confusion regarding the
names and constructions of different vertical
trellis systems. To eliminate any confusion, a
schematic representation of the systems is
provided, with their names and abbreviations
in brackets.
65 365
1.8 m (100 - 125)
77 915
-
2.4 m (100 - 125)
1.8 m (100 - 125)
Smart Dyson
Meganiese stelsel (High Wire)
Mechanical trellis (High Wire)
-
102 870
102 034
2.7 m (100 - 125)
83 295
85 854
2.4 m (100 - 125)
2.4 m (100 - 125)
85 018
2.1 m (100 - 125)
2.4 m (100 - 125)
77 079
81 548
2.1 m (100 - 125)
93 457
2.1 m (125 - 150)
2.4 m (100 - 125)
76 162
94 293
2.1 m (100 - 125)
2.1 m (125 - 150)
67 923
2.4 m (50 - 75)
1.8 m (100 - 125)
62 535
61 602
2.1 m (75 - 100)
22 116
60 813
1.2 m (50 -75)
2.1 m (75 - 100)
20 394
1.8
1.2 m (50 -75)
Paal
Pole
2.7 m (100 - 125)
Dubbel Perold
Double Perold
Skuifbare Perold
Movable Perold
Vierdraad verlengde Peold
Four strand extended Perold
Vyfdraad verlengde Perold
Five strand extended Perold
Vyfdraad skuifbare verlengde Perold
Movable five strand extended Perold
Sesdraad verlengde Perold
Six strand extended Perold
Vyfdraad verlengde dubbel perold
Five strand extended double Perold
Sesdraad dubbel verlengde perold
Six strand double extended Perold
Vyfdraad dubbel verlengde Perold
Five strand double extended Perold
Sesdraad verlengde dubbel perold
Six strand extended double Perold
Sewedraad verlengde dubbel perold
Seven strand extended double Perold
Sewedraad dubbel verlengde perold
Seven strand double extended Perold
Perold
Eendraad heining
One strand hedge
Tweedraad heining
Two strand hedge
Driedraad heining
Three strand hedge
Vierdraad heining
Four strand hedge
Vyfdraad heining
Five strand hedge
Prieelstelsel / Trellis system
Vertikale prieelstelsels / Vertical trellis systems
-
-
96 470
97 261
81 173
78 754
80 383
73 668
77 102
72 877
88 361
89 150
72 009
64 219
61 801
58 247
59 125
57 497
20 911
19 283
1.9
-
-
92 791
93 551
78 077
75 751
77 317
70 858
74 163
70 098
84 994
85 751
69 262
61 769
59 443
56 025
56 869
55 304
20 113
18 547
2
-
-
87 227
87 942
73 396
71 210
72 682
66 611
69 717
65 896
79 898
80 608
65 109
58 065
55 879
52 670
53 460
51 988
18 907
17 436
2.1
-
-
83 548
84 232
70 300
68 207
69 616
63 802
66 777
63 118
76 531
77 210
62 362
55 615
53 522
50 449
51 204
49 795
18 109
16 700
2.2
-
-
79 779
80 433
67 131
65 131
66 478
60 925
63 765
60 272
73 074
73 720
59 549
53 108
51 108
48 182
48 897
47 550
17 295
15 949
2.3
44 699
63 412
76 100
76 723
64 035
62 128
63 412
58 116
60 826
57 493
69 706
70 322
56 802
50 658
48 751
45 960
46 641
45 357
16 497
15 213
2.4
43 591
61 843
74 215
74 823
62 451
60 590
61 843
56 678
59 319
56 070
67 978
68 577
55 395
49 405
47 544
44 827
45 487
44 235
16 090
14 838
2.5
41 432
58 777
70 536
71 114
59 355
57 587
58 777
53 869
56 380
53 291
64 610
65 179
52 649
46 955
45 187
42 605
43 231
42 041
15 292
14 102
2.6
39 272
55 711
66 857
67 404
56 258
54 584
55 711
51 060
53 440
50 512
61 243
61 780
49 902
44 504
42 830
41 471
40 975
39 848
14 493
13 366
2.75
Ryspasiëring / Row spacing
38 164
54 142
64 972
65 504
54 674
53 046
54 142
49 621
51 934
49 089
59 514
60 035
48 495
43 251
41 623
39 250
39 822
38 726
14 086
12 991
2.8
37 056
52 573
63 088
63 605
53 090
51 508
52 573
48 183
50 428
47 667
57 786
58 291
47 088
41 997
40 416
38 116
38 668
37 604
13 680
12 615
2.9
36 005
51 076
61 293
61 794
51 578
50 043
51 076
46 812
48 994
46 311
56 147
56 637
45 748
40 801
39 266
37 028
37 566
36 532
13 288
12 255
3
34 897
49 507
59 408
59 895
49 993
48 505
49 507
45 374
47 488
44 888
54 418
54 892
44 342
39 547
38 059
35 895
36 412
35 410
12 881
11 879
3.1
33 788
47 938
57 524
57 995
48 409
46 967
47 938
43 936
45 982
43 465
52 690
53 147
42 935
38 294
36 852
34 761
35 259
34 288
12 475
11 504
3.2
32 737
46 441
55 729
56 185
46 897
45 502
46 441
42 565
44 549
42 109
51 051
51 493
41 595
37 097
35 702
33 673
34 156
33 217
12 083
11 143
3.3
PRIEELSTELSELS / TRELLIS SYSTEMS
BOSSTOK (GOBLET)
BUSH VINE
STOK-BY-PAALTJIE
POSTED VINE
BOS / BV
SBP / PV
TWEEDRAAD HEINING
TWO-STRAND HEDGE
EENDRAAD HEINING
ONE-STRAND HEDGE
1H
DRIEDRAAD HEINING
THREE-STRAND HEDGE
2H
3H
VIERDRAAD HEINING
FOUR-STRAND HEDGE
VYFDRAAD HEINING
FIVE-STRAND HEDGE
4H
5H
EENDRAAD HEINING (MEGANIES SNOEI)
ONE-STRAND HEDGE (MECHANICAL PRUNING) “HIGH WIRE”
TWEEDRAAD HEINING (MEGANIES SNOEI)
TWO-STRAND HEDGE (MECHANICAL PRUNING)
1HM
2HM
Kordondraad
Loofdraad
PEROLD
P
SKUIFBARE PEROLD
MOVEABLE PEROLD
VIERDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLD
FOUR-STRAND LENGTHENED PEROLD
OMGEKEERDE VERLENGDE PEROLD
INVERTED LENGTHENED PEROLD
VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLD
FIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED PEROLD
SP / MP
4VP / 4LP
OVP / ILP
5VP / 5LP
SKUIFBARE VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE
PEROLD
MOVABLE FIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED
PEROLD
SESDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLD
SIX-STRAND LENGTHENED
PEROLD
VYFDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE
PEROLD
FIVE-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTHENED
PEROLD
SESDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE
PEROLD
SIX-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTHENED PEROLD
S5VP / M5LP
6VP /6LP
5DVP / 5DLP
6DVP / 6DLP
SEWEDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE PEROLD
SEVEN-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTHENED PEROLD
Saamgestel in
samewerking met
7DVP / 7DLP
DUBBEL PEROLD
DOUBLE PEROLD
VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE
DUBBEL PEROLD
FIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED
DOUBLE PEROLD
DP / DP
5VDP / 5LDP
SESDRAAD VERLENGDE
DUBBEL PEROLD
SIX-STRAND LENGTHENED
DOUBLE PEROLD
6VDP / 6LDP
SEWEDRAAD VERLENGDE
DUBBEL PEROLD
SEVEN-STRAND LENGTHENED
DOUBLE PEROLD
DUBBEL VERLENGDE
DUBBEL PEROLD
DOUBLE LENGTHENED
DOUBLE PEROLD
7DVP / 7LDP
DVDP / DLDP
SCOTT-HENRY
SCOTT-HENRY
SH
BALLETROK
BALLERINA
BAL
SH
SMART-DYSON
SMART-DYSON
SD
Kordondraad
Loofdraad
RUAKURA DUBBEL VLAK PRIEEL
RUAKURA TWO TIER TRELLIS
2K2T
RUAKURA DUBBEL VLAK PRIEEL
RUAKURA TWO TIER TRELLIS
2K2T
LIER-STELSEL
LYRE TRELLIS
Saamgestel in
samewerking met
LYR
FABRIEKSDAK PRIEEL
FACTORY ROOF TRELLIS
TIROOL PRIEEL
TRENTINA TRELLIS
FAB / FT
TIR / TT
GEWELSTELSEL (DUBBEL SKUINSPRIEEL) - ENKEL / DUBBEL KORDON
GABLE TRELLIS (DOUBLE SLANTING TRELLIS) - SINGLE CORDON / DOUBLE CORDON
GEW / GT
SK / ST
HUTPRIEEL
HUT TRELLIS
HUT
SKUINSKAP PRIEEL
SLANTING TRELLIS
Kordondraad
Loofdraad
GENEVA DUBBELGORDYN
GENEVA DOUBLE CURTAIN
GDC
GROBBELAAR OF GALG
GROBBELAAR OR GALLOW
Saamgestel in
samewerking met
GRO / GAL
Besproeiing / Irrigation
Ongeveer 59% van die totale wyndruif wingerdstand van Suid-Afrika word tans deur middel
van drupbesproeiing besproei. Ander vorme
van besproeiing (droëland ingesluit) het drasties
afgeneem sedert 1996.
Approximately 59% of the total area under
wine grape vineyards in South Africa currently
receives drip irrigation. Other forms of irrigation
(dryland included) have decreased drastically
since 1996.
Die koste van verskillende besproeiingstelsels
word saamgevat in die meegaande tabel. Hierdie algemene riglyne sluit slegs die bogrondse
materiaal en sublyne – wat sal wissel na gelang
van verskillende blokuitlegte – in die blok in.
The cost of various irrigation systems are seen
in the accompanying table. These general guidelines only include the material installed above the
soil, as well as sub-pipelines – which will differ
according to various block layouts – in the block.
Besproeiingstipes / Irrigation types
(1996 - 2012)
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Ander / Other
1996
Drup / Drip
2005
2006
Geen / None
2007
Mikro / Micro
2008
2009
Sprinkel / Sprinkler
2010
2011
Vloed / Flood
2012
KOSTE VAN BESPROEIINGSTELSELS / COST OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Stelsel
System
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.75
3.00
3.30
Drup 0.6 m Gekompenseerd
Drip 0.6 m Compensated
34 336 32 464 31 215 29 342 28 093 26 845 25 596 24 972 23 723 22 475 20 602 18 729
Drup 0.6 m Nie-gekompenseerd
Drip 0.6 m Non-compensated
23 022 21 766 20 929 19 673 18 836 17 999 17 162 16 743 15 906 15 069 13 813 12 557
30 875 29 191 28 068 26 384 25 261 24 139 23 016 22 455 21 332 20 209 18 525 16 841
21 442 20 272 19 492 18 323 17 543 16 763 15 984 15 594 14 814 14 034 12 865 11 695
27 414 25 918 24 922 23 426 22 429 21 433 20 436 19 937 18 940 17 944 16 448 14 953
20 651 19 525 18 774 17 648 16 897 16 146 15 395 15 019 14 268 13 517 12 391 11 264
Mikro (straalspuit) – direk op poli-pyp
Micro (jet spray) – directly on poly-pipe
33 827 31 982 30 752 28 907 27 676 26 446 25 216 24 601 23 371 22 141 20 296 18 451
Mikro (roteerder) – op pen met sagte pypie
Micro (rotate) – on pen with soft pipe
38 997 36 870 35 452 33 325 31 906 30 488 29 070 28 361 26 943 25 525 23 398 21 271
Permanente sprinkel (12 m x 12.5 m)
Permanent sprinklers (12 m x 12.5 m)
21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464 21 464
KLAAR
Ander nuttige inligting / Other useful information
AANTAL STOKKE PER HEKTAAR / VINES PER HECTARE
Plantafstand in ry (m)
Plant distance in row (m)
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.40
2.50
2.75
2.80
3.00
3.30
1.00
5 500
5 200
5 000
4 700
4 100
4 000
3 600
3 500
3 300
3 000
1.20
4 583
4 333
4 167
3 917
3 417
3 333
3 000
2 917
2 750
2 500
1.50
3 667
3 467
3 333
3 133
2 733
2 667
2 400
2 333
2 200
2 000
1.80
3 056
2 889
2 778
2 611
2 278
2 222
2 000
1 944
1 833
1 667
2.00
2 750
2 600
2 500
2 350
2 050
2 000
1 800
1 750
1 650
1 500
Ryspasiëring (m)
Row spacing (m)
Aantal rye/ha
Rows/ha
STOKKIEPRYSE (SLEGS RIGLYNE) /
VINE PRICES (ONLY GUIDELINES)
(Per stokkie /
Per vine)
1.80
55
Standaard wit en rooi op P1103, R110, R99
Standard white and red on P1103, R110, R99
R11,00
1.90
52
R11,33
2.00
50
Standaard wit en rooi op 101-14, SO4, Rug140
Standard white and red on 101-14, S04, Rug140
2.10
47
Colombar, Chardonnay, Sémillon, SA Riesling, Shiraz,
Pinot Noir, Muskadel op Ramsey, 101/14
2.40
41
Colombar, Chardonnay, Sémillon, SA Riesling, Shiraz,
Pinot Noir, Muscadel on Ramsey, 101/14
2.50
40
Standaard wit en rooi op Ramsey, 143B
Standard white and red on Ramsey, 143B
R12,87
2.75
36
R13,20
2.80
35
Standaard wit en rooi op US8-7
Standard white and red on US8-7
3.00
33
Sultana op Ramsey, US8-7
Sultana on Ramsey, US8-7
R18,70
3.30
30
Makstok
Rooted scion
R13,20
R7,15
Koste van meganisasie / Cost of mechanisation
Hierdie kosteriglyne help produsente om die
loopkostes van sekere wingerdmasjinerie te
bepaal. Dit kan ook gebruik word om te bepaal
of sekere implemente vervang moet word al
dan nie.
These guidelines assist producers in determining
the running costs of specific vineyard machinery.
It can also be used to determine whether implements need to be replaced.
Die besit en gebruik van enige implement gaan
gepaard met ’n koste. Hierdie koste bestaan uit
twee komponente, naamlik veranderlike koste
en vaste koste. Die vaste koste bly onveranderd,
of die masjien gebruik word al dan nie. Vaste
koste sluit rente (geleentheidskoste), waardevermindering, versekering en lisensiëring in.
The ownership and use of any implement or
machine involves a cost to the producer. This
cost consists of two components, namely fixed
cost and variable cost. The fixed cost relates to
ownership of the machine, whether it is used or
not. This includes depreciation, licensing and
insurance, as well as an interest component
(opportunity cost).
Die veranderlike koste word bepaal deur die
aantal ure wat die masjien/implement gebruik
word deur die jaar. Dit sluit brandstof, herstelwerk, onderhoud en bande in.
The variable cost is mainly determined by the
total number of hours the implement is used
throughout the year. This includes fuel, repair,
maintenance and tyres.
Metodiek / Methodology
Dit is onmoontlik om die loopkoste 100% akku
raat te bepaal, maar die volgende metodiek
word redelik algemeen gebruik. Dit sluit sekere
aannames in wat in samewerking met handelaars aangepas is en die loopkoste meer toepas
lik maak tot die wynbedryf.
It is not possible to calculate the running cost
of implements 100% accurately; however the
following methodology is commonly used. It
includes certain assumptions which have been
modified, in collaboration with dealerships, to be
more suited to the wine industry.
Operateurs word nie in berekening gebring nie
en produsente moet self daardie komponent
bybring. Alle kostes is uitgedruk in rand per
uur (uitgesluit bakkies en vragmotors). Indien
die koste per hektaar benodig word, kan die
volgende formule gebruik word:
Operators are not included in the running cost
and should be included by producers. All costs
are in rand per hour (except trucks and pickups). If the cost per hectare is required, the
following equation can be used:
rand per hektaar =
(koste in rand per uur) ÷
(hoeveelheid hektaar per uur bewerk)
rand per hectare =
(cost in rand per hour) ÷
(hectares per hour cultivated)
Waardevermindering:
Depreciation:
(Aankoopwaarde – skrootwaarde) ÷ leeftyd
(Purchase value – salvage value) ÷ lifetime
Versekering & lisensie:
Licence & insurance:
1 % van gemiddelde belegging ÷ ure per jaar
1 % of average investment ÷ hours per annum
Rentekoste:
Interest cost:
9 % van gemiddelde belegging
9 % of average investment
Herstel & onderhoud:
Repair & maintenance:
Spesifieke % van aankoopprys ÷ leeftyd
Specific % of purchase value ÷ leeftyd
Brandstof:
Fuel:
Bereken met dieselprys van R13,00
Calculated with diesel price of R13,00
39
41
45
47
51
53
56
61
63
69
52
55
60
63
68
71
75
82
84
92
71
32
43
95
kW
kW
pK
hP
550 174
534 676
488 183
409 887
376 290
349 816
336 616
321 239
307 569
303 810
219 596
41
40
37
31
28
26
25
24
23
23
16
14
R/h
R
180 182
Depresiasie
Depreciation
Aankoopprys
Purchase
value
4 X 2 TREKKER / TRACTOR
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
R/h
Versekering
& lisensie
Licence &
insurance
27
26
24
20
19
17
17
16
15
15
11
9
R/h
Rente
Interest
72
70
63
53
49
45
44
42
40
39
29
23
R/h
Totale
vaste koste
Total
fixed cost
37
36
33
27
25
23
22
21
21
20
15
12
R/h
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
129
126
115
111
102
96
93
86
82
75
71
58
R/h
Lae krag
Low
power
145
141
129
125
115
109
104
96
92
84
80
66
R/h
Med krag
Med
power
166
161
147
143
131
124
119
110
105
96
91
75
R/h
Vol krag
High
power
Brandstof / Fuel
166
161
147
138
127
120
115
107
102
95
86
70
R/h
Lae krag
Low
power
182
177
162
152
140
132
127
118
113
104
94
78
R/h
Med krag
Med
power
203
197
180
170
156
147
142
131
126
116
106
87
R/h
Vol krag
High
power
Totale veranderlike koste /
Total variable cost
237
231
211
192
176
165
159
149
142
134
114
94
R/h
Lae krag
Low
power
254
246
225
206
189
177
171
159
153
144
123
101
R/h
Med krag
Med
power
274
267
243
223
205
193
186
173
166
156
134
110
R/h
Vol krag
High
power
Totale loopkoste /
Total running cost
kW
kW
32
39
41
45
47
51
53
56
61
63
69
71
pK
hP
43
52
55
60
63
68
71
75
82
84
92
95
522 290
507 577
463 440
445 743
409 206
386 863
372 264
394 790
377 990
333 023
245 431
39
38
35
33
31
29
28
30
28
25
18
15
R/h
R
201 379
Depresiasie
Depreciation
Aankoopprys
Purchase
value
4 X 4 TREKKER / TRACTOR
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
R/h
Versekering
& lisensie
Licence &
insurance
26
25
23
22
20
19
18
20
19
16
12
10
R/h
Rente
Interest
68
66
60
58
53
50
48
51
49
43
32
26
R/h
Totale
vaste koste
Total
fixed cost
35
34
31
30
27
26
25
26
25
22
16
13
R/h
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
129
126
115
111
102
96
93
86
82
75
71
58
R/h
Lae krag
Low
power
145
141
129
125
115
109
104
96
92
84
80
66
R/h
Med krag
Med
power
166
161
147
143
131
124
119
110
105
96
91
75
R/h
Vol krag
High
power
Brandstof / Fuel
164
159
146
141
129
122
118
112
107
97
87
72
R/h
Lae krag
Low
power
180
175
160
155
142
134
129
123
117
106
96
79
R/h
Med krag
Med
power
201
195
178
172
158
150
144
136
130
118
108
88
R/h
Vol krag
High
power
Totale veranderlike koste /
Total variable cost
232
225
206
199
182
173
166
163
156
140
119
98
R/h
Lae krag
Low
power
248
241
220
213
195
185
178
174
166
149
128
105
R/h
Med krag
Med
power
269
261
239
230
212
200
193
188
180
161
140
114
R/h
Vol krag
High
power
Totale loopkoste /
Total running cost
SELFAANGEDREWE PARSMASJIEN / SELF-PROPELLED HARVESTER
Aankoopprys / Purchase price: R3 200 000
Tonne
gepars
Tons
harvest
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Annual
usage
WaardeVersekering
vermindering & lisensie
DepreLicence &
ciation
insurance
Rente
Interest
Totale vaste
Herstel &
koste
onderhoud
Total fixed
Repair &
cost
maintenance
Brandstof
Fuel
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Totale
koste
Total
cost
Ton
h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
1 000
100
576
176
1 584
2 336
224
156
380
2 716
1 250
125
576
141
1 267
1 984
224
156
380
2 364
1 500
150
576
117
1 056
1 749
224
156
380
2 129
1 750
175
576
101
905
1 582
224
156
380
1 962
2 000
200
576
88
792
1 456
224
156
380
1 836
2 250
225
576
78
704
1 358
224
156
380
1 738
2 500
250
576
70
634
1 280
224
156
380
1 660
2 750
275
576
64
576
1 216
224
156
380
1 596
3 500
350
576
50
453
1 079
224
156
380
1 459
4 000
400
576
44
396
1 016
224
156
380
1 396
SLEEP PARSMASJIEN / TRAILED HARVESTER
Purchase value: R1 600 000
Tonne
gepars
Tons
harvest
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Annual
usage
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
Versekering
& lisensie
Licence &
insurance
Totale vaste
koste
Total fixed
cost
Rente
Interest
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Totale
koste
Total
cost
Ton
h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
500
71
288
123
1 109
1 520
112
112
1 632
750
107
288
82
739
1 109
112
112
1 221
1 000
143
288
62
554
904
112
112
1 016
1 250
179
288
49
444
781
112
112
893
1 500
214
288
41
370
699
112
112
811
1 750
250
288
35
317
640
112
112
752
2 000
286
288
31
277
596
112
112
708
2 200
314
288
28
252
568
112
112
680
2 400
343
288
26
231
545
112
112
657
3 000
429
288
21
185
493
112
112
605
SPUITPOMPE / SPRAYPUMPS
Model
Aankoopprys
Purchase
value
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Annual
usage
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
Rente
Interest
Totale vaste Herstel & Totale koste
koste
onderhoud sonder rente
Total fixed
Repair &
Total cost
cost
maintenance excl interest
Totale
koste
Total
cost
R
h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
Bankiespuit / Berm sprayer
43 650
280
26
8
34
10
36
44
Onkruidspuit / Weed sprayer
35 000
280
21
6
27
8
29
35
Blower
128 000
280
77
23
99
30
107
129
Nozzle 1 ry / row
130 500
280
78
23
101
30
109
132
Nozzle 2 ry / row
183 500
280
110
32
143
43
153
185
Nozzle 3 ry / row
383 395
280
230
68
298
89
319
387
SLEEPWAENS / TRAILERS
Model
Aankoopprys
Purchase
value
R
2-wiel /
2-wheel 3 ton
2-wiel /
2-wheel 5 ton
2-wiel /
2-wheel 6 ton
4-wiel /
4-wheel 6 ton
4-wiel /
4-wheel 8 ton
4-wiel /
4-wheel 10 ton
Lugremme /
Air brakes 10 ton
Lugremme /
Air brakes 15 ton
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Annual
usage
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
Rente
Interest
R/h
VersekeHerstel &
Totale vaste
ring &
onderhoud
koste
Bande
lisensie
Repair &
Total fixed
Tyres
Licence &
maintecost
insurance
nance
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Totale
koste
Total
cost
h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
48 250
500
4.34
4.78
2.95
12.07
1.93
0.39
2.32
14.39
52 500
500
4.73
5.20
3.04
12.96
2.10
0.63
2.73
15.68
89 550
500
8.06
8.87
3.78
20.70
3.58
0.63
4.21
24.91
89 550
500
8.06
8.87
3.78
20.70
3.58
1.25
4.83
25.53
96 350
500
8.67
9.54
3.91
22.12
3.85
1.25
5.10
27.23
104 150
500
9.37
10.31
4.07
23.75
4.17
2.97
7.14
30.89
178 608
500
16.07
17.68
5.56
39.32
7.14
4.02
11.17
50.48
233 691
500
21.03
23.14
6.66
50.83
9.35
4.02
13.37
64.20
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Annual
usage
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
Rente
Interest
R
h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
R/h
177 333
200
106
44
150
41
148
192
214 230
200
129
53
182
50
179
232
67 000
200
40
17
57
16
56
72
174 000
200
104
43
147
41
145
188
96 500
200
87
24
111
34
121
145
ANDER IMPLEMENTE / OTHER IMPLEMENTS
Model
Topmasjien (1 ry) /
Trimmer (1 row)
Ontblaarder /
Leaf remover
Mulching
Bankieskoffel /
Mechanical weeders
Krag eg /
Power plow
Bossieslaner /
Slasher
Snoeimasjien (1 ry) /
Pruner (1 row)
Snoeimasjien (halwe ry) /
Pruner (half row)
Aankoopprys
Purchase
value
Totale koste
Totale vaste Herstel &
sonder rente
koste
onderhoud
Total cost
Total fixed
Repair &
excl
cost
maintenance
interest
Totale
koste
Total
cost
22 000
200
20
5
25
8
28
33
271 230
200
244
67
311
95
339
406
200 000
200
180
50
230
70
250
300
208 722
279 414
274 254
309 084
KB 250 D-TEQ LE 4X4
KB 300 D-TEQ LX
KB 300 D-TEQ Extended cab LX
280 102
276 490
299 796
398 180
2.5 D-4D SRX 4X4
3.0 D-4D Raider
3.0 D-4D Xtra cab Raider
Land Cruiser 4.2D Bakkie
240 628
282 510
301 086
Ranger 2.2 High Rider XLS
Ranger 2.2 4X4 XLS
Ranger 3.2 SuperCab Hi-Raider XLS
184 470
255 506
239 940
291 454
373 498
NP300 2.5 TDi 4X2
NP300 2.5 TDi 4X4 mid
NP300 Hi-Rider 2.5TDi 4X2
Navara 2.5dCi KingCab XE
Patrol 4.2TD Bakkie
Nissan
243 466
Ranger 2.2 4X4 XL
Ranger 2.2 High Rider XL
202 186
234 178
2.5 D-4D SRX
Ford
196 080
2.5 D-4D S
Toyota
184 126
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
km
R
KB 250 D-TEQ Fleetside
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Annual
usage
Aankoop prys
BTW uitgesluit
Purchase price
Vat excluded
KB 250 Fleetside
Isuzu
Model
BAKKIES / PICK-UPS
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
km
Leeftyd
Lifetime
1.60
1.25
1.03
1.10
0.79
1.29
1.21
1.03
1.04
0.87
1.71
1.28
1.18
1.20
1.00
0.84
1.32
1.18
1.20
0.89
0.79
R/km
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
0.41
0.32
0.26
0.28
0.20
0.33
0.31
0.26
0.27
0.22
0.44
0.33
0.30
0.31
0.26
0.22
0.34
0.30
0.31
0.23
0.20
R/km
Versekering
& lisensie
Licence &
insurance
0.62
0.48
0.40
0.42
0.30
0.50
0.47
0.40
0.40
0.33
0.66
0.49
0.46
0.46
0.39
0.32
0.51
0.45
0.46
0.34
0.30
R/km
Rente
Interest
2.63
2.05
1.69
1.80
1.30
2.12
1.99
1.69
1.71
1.42
2.80
2.11
1.95
1.97
1.65
1.38
2.17
1.93
1.97
1.47
1.30
R/km
Totale
vaste koste
Total
fixed cost
1.51
1.18
0.97
1.03
0.75
1.22
1.14
0.97
0.99
0.82
1.61
1.21
1.12
1.13
0.95
0.79
1.25
1.11
1.13
0.84
0.75
R/km
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
4.14
3.23
2.66
2.83
2.04
3.34
3.13
2.67
2.70
2.24
4.41
3.32
3.06
3.10
2.60
2.17
3.43
3.04
3.10
2.31
2.04
R/km
Totale koste
(brandstof uitgesluit)
Total cost
(fuel excluded)
210 614
257 914
Triton 3.2DI-D Clubcab
14 Ton
25 Ton
Dubbel dryf-perd /
Double differential horse
1 039 000
899 000
60 000
544 000
Dubbel dryf-as /
Double differential
8 Ton
60 000
441 000
484 000
6 Ton
7 Ton
70 000
70 000
40 000
35 000
279 140
306 120
3 Ton
35 000
km
R
4 Ton
Enkel dryf-as /
Single differential
Model
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Annual
usage
317 000
Amarok 2.0BiTDI Trendline
Aankoop
prys
Purchase
price
258 516
Amarok 2.0TDI 4-Motion
VRAGMOTORS / TRUCKS
212 076
Amarok 2.0TDI
Volkswagen
176 214
700 000
300 000
300 000
300 000
300 000
300 000
300 000
km
Leeftyd
Lifetime
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
30 000
km
R
Triton 2.5DI-D GLX
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Annual
usage
Aankoop prys
BTW uitgesluit
Purchase price
Vat excluded
Triton 2.5DI-D GL
Mitsubishi
Model
BAKKIES / PICK-UPS
1.34
2.70
1.63
1.45
1.32
0.92
0.84
R/km
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
210 000
km
Leeftyd
Lifetime
0.49
0.42
0.30
0.27
0.36
0.29
0.26
R/km
Versekering
& lisensie
Licence &
insurance
1.36
1.11
0.91
1.11
0.90
0.76
R/km
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
0.73
0.64
0.45
0.40
0.55
0.43
0.39
R/km
Rente
Interest
0.35
0.28
0.23
0.28
0.23
0.19
2.56
3.76
2.38
2.12
2.23
1.64
1.50
R/km
2.08
2.50
3.33
3.57
4.00
6.67
6.67
km/L
6.25
5.20
3.90
3.64
3.25
1.95
1.95
R/km
Koste
Cost
Brandstof / Fuel
2.23
1.82
1.49
1.81
1.48
1.24
R/km
Totale
vaste koste
Total
fixed cost
Verbuik
Consumption
0.52
0.43
0.35
0.43
0.35
0.29
R/km
Rente
Interest
Totale
vaste koste
Total
fixed cost
R/km
Versekering
& lisensie
Licence &
insurance
1.26
2.55
1.54
1.37
1.25
0.87
0.79
R/km
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
1.28
1.05
0.86
1.04
0.85
0.71
R/km
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
7.51
7.75
5.45
5.01
4.50
2.82
2.74
R/km
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
3.51
2.87
2.35
2.86
2.33
1.95
R/km
10.07
11.50
7.83
7.13
6.73
4.46
4.24
R/km
Totale
koste
Total
cost
Totale koste
(brandstof uitgesluit)
Total cost
(fuel excluded)
Notas / Notes
Bestuurder
Manager
Breedekloof
Paarl
Worcester
Robertson
Klein Karoo
Stellenbosch
Olifantsrivier
Olifants River
Alle streke
All regions
Alle streke
All regions
Alle streke
All regions
Alle streke
All regions
Alle streke
All regions
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Grondkundige
Soil scientist
Grondkundige / GIS
Soil scientist / GIS
Transformasie en Ontwikkeling
Transformation and Development
Landbou-ekonoom
Agro-economist
Landbou-ekonoom
Agro-economist
Francois Viljoen
Leon Dippenaar
Hanno van Schalkwyk
Pierre Snyman
Hennie Visser
Johannes Mellet
Conrad Schutte
Gert Engelbrecht
Braham Oberholzer
Heinrich Schloms
Johan Giliomee
Pieter van Niekerk
Andries van Zyl
VR GRAPHICS • TEL 021 863 3165
Streek
Region
Afdeling
Service
Persoon
Person
VinPro kontakbesonderhede / VinPro contact details
073 280 8703
083 561 9465
082 714 1999
083 480 2686
072 070 3194
072 152 4028
082 804 0422
082 922 9547
083 455 5193
083 455 5191
083 455 5192
083 455 5194
083 309 7627
Sel
Cell
andries@vinpro.co.za
pieter@vinpro.co.za
johang@vinpro.co.za
heinrich@vinpro.co.za
brahamo@vinpro.co.za
gerte@vinpro.co.za
conrad@vinpro.co.za
melletj@vinpro.co.za
henniev@vinpro.co.za
pierre@vinpro.co.za
hanno@vinpro.co.za
leon@vinpro.co.za
viljoenf@vinpro.co.za
E-pos
E-mail

Kostegids 2014

Transcription

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