Community Awareness Plan

Transcription

Republic of the Philippines
H
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Asian Development Bank
METRO MANILA SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROJECT
(TA 3848-PHI)
Final Report
Report No: 10
Community Awareness Strategy
September 2003
AEA Technology In Association With GlobalWorks • CalRecovery • ENR Consultants
METRO MANILA SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROJECT (TA 3848-PHI)
FINAL REPORT
REPORT No: 10
COMMUNITY AWARENESS STRATEGY
Project Team
Neil Varey, AEA Technology, Project Director
Luis F. Diaz, CalRecovery, Inc., Technical Team Leader
Nick Allen, GlobalWorks, Disposal
Reynor Rollan, ENR Consultants, Disposal
Horace Crowe, AEA Technology, Institutional
Levi Buenafe, GlobalWorks, Institutional
Luis Diaz, CalRecovery, Inc., Medical Waste
Linda Eggerth, CalRecovery, Inc., Community Awareness
Grace Favila, ENR Consultants, Community Awareness
Richard Pook, AEA Technology, Financial
Agnes Palacio, GlobalWorks, Financial
Roger Lopez, ENR Consultants, Social
Manjit Kahlon, AEA Technology, Solid Waste
Joey Sta. Ana, GlobalWorks, Solid Waste
September 2003
ADB TA3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Final Report
1.
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 1
2.
IEC WORKING GROUP .................................................................................................................. 2
2.1
2.2
3.
STRATEGY FOR NSWMC .............................................................................................................. 4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING ACTIVITIES ................................................................................... 4
ISSUES AND NEEDS ............................................................................................................... 10
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS PLAN ........................................................................ 11
SHORT-TERM COMMUNICATIONS PLAN AND ACTIVITIES ..................................................... 12
THREE-YEAR COMMUNICATIONS PLAN ................................................................................ 30
RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 36
STRATEGY RELATED TO DISPOSAL ...................................................................................... 37
4,1
4.2
4.3
5
COMPOSITION OF WORKING GROUP ....................................................................................... 2
RESULTS OF MEETINGS ........................................................................................................... 3
KEY ISSUES ........................................................................................................................... 37
PROPOSED DISPOSAL STRATEGY........................................................................................... 38
IEC STRATEGY ..................................................................................................................... 38
STRATEGY RELATED TO MEDICAL WASTE........................................................................ 40
5.1
5.2
5.3
ISSUES AND NEEDS ................................................................................................................ 40
DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY ............................................................................................... 43
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES .......................................................................................... 43
ANNEX1
IEC WORKING GROUP MEETINGS............................................................................ 1
ANNEX 2
PARTIAL INVENTORY OF IEC MATERIALS/ACTIVITIES ON SWM
SINCE 1997......................................................................................................................... 1
ANNEX 3
PRESENTATION MATERIALS FROM WORKSHOP......................................... 1
ANNEX 4
MATERIALS IN MEDIA KIT FOR MRF TOUR........................................................... 1
ANNEX 5
PRESENTATION AT MRF TOUR LUNCHEON WORKSHOP.................................. 1
ANNEX 6
TENTATIVE SCRIPTS OF 2 TV PLUGS........................................................................ 1
ANNEX 7
TRANSCRIPT OF TEXT MESSAGES ....................................................................... 1
ANNEX 8
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES ABOUT ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT ................. 1
ANNEX 9
THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ................... 1
Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
Final Report
Final Report
Executive Summary
The proper management of solid wastes is essential to the protection of public health and the preservation of
the environment. Nevertheless, it is a topic that is rarely at the forefront of discussion, by the media or by the
general public. It is usually only during a crisis situation that much attention is given to waste management,
and then generally in a negative context. In the absence of a crisis or other significant event, people prefer
not to think about garbage – about who collects it, where the waste is taken, or how it is handled at the
disposal site.
Public education is an essential part of an integrated solid waste management program. Integration of public
education with the other elements of a solid waste management program is critical. In order for an outreach
program to be effective, it must promote actions on the part of the audience that are available to him or her
and that are feasible.
Information, education and communication (IEC) activities need to present a clear message in a way that
encourages action by the recipient. They need to be designed with a goal and an audience in mind.
Depending on the purpose and the audience, the IEC activities may need to be informative/educational,
inspiring/persuasive, and/or entertaining. Furthermore, outreach activities should be conducted according to a
well-conceived plan, and their effectiveness must be monitored.
A comprehensive, integrated information, education, and communication (IEC) plan is critical to the successful
implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) in the Philippines. The ADB project
team worked closely with representatives from the various entities involved in solid waste management in
Metro Manila to develop a communications strategy that addresses the needs of the communities and the
resources of the NSWMC.
IEC Working Group
A working group consisting of representatives from the following national, regional, and local agencies and
from the NGO sector was established: National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), DENRPublic Affairs Office (PAO), DENR-EMB-Environmental Education & Information Office (EEIO), Philippine
Information Agency (PIA), Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Metro Manila Development
Authority (MMDA), Metro Manila Local Governments, Non-government organizations, and the ADB-TA3848
team.
The working group met regularly throughout the project and participated in the development of the IEC
strategies. The working group provided input on the framework for a 3-year communications plan: core
messages, target groups, and strategies. In addition, plans for specific IEC activities were made (e.g., MRF
tour), and discussions were held about the needed IEC strategies related to disposal and to medical waste.
Strategy for NSWMC
The National Solid Waste Management Commission is responsible for the formulation of policies and the
development of a national program that will manage the control, transfer, transport, processing, and disposal
of solid waste in the Philippines. Under RA 9003, the NSWMC is given the responsibility for the formulation of
policies to effectively achieve the objectives of the Act. In addition, the Commission is mandated to provide
technical assistance aimed at enhancing the administrative and project management capabilities of national
and local governments.
A primary emphasis of the work under the TA was to provide technical assistance to the NSWMC in the
development of an IEC strategy and in the implementation of activities. Various activities were undertaken
including: an evaluation of existing and prior IEC activities conducted by national, regional, and local agencies
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Final Report
was undertaken; the development of a conceptual strategy, the preparation for and implementation of training
activities, implementation of short-term IEC activities, and the preparation of a three-year communications
plan.
Assessment of Existing Activities – Meetings were held with representatives of the eight selected
LGU’s, DENR, and MMDA to discuss what IEC activities/materials they have used in the past to
promote solid waste management, what the messages and the target audiences were, their
assessment of the materials’ effectivity, the financing of the materials’ production, and any constraints
or concerns they may have regarding IEC. An inventory of IEC activities was prepared.
Issues and Needs – A number of issues were raised by representatives of national and regional
agencies, LGU’s, and NGO's. These issues were taken into consideration in the preparation of the
communications plan.
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Lack of understanding of RA9003 at the barangay level
Need for ongoing activity to sustain interest and motivation
Need for support of LGU officials
Lack of resources to produce and disseminate IEC materials
Lack of strategic plan for coordination of IEC initiatives
Need to assess effectivity of IEC materials
Need for useful information that barangay officials can access at the City’s Ecology center
Development of Elements of IEC Strategy and Short-term Plan – Basic elements of an IEC strategy
were developed: concepts for messages, target audiences, and methods.
o
Message Concepts -- Two concepts for messages were developed, utilizing a combined approach
of education and motivation.
Waste Costs -- the cost associated with improper management of waste
Lives
Health
Resources (importance of source reduction, segregation, recycling, composting)
Money
Quality of life
RA 9003 – the need to work together to solve the problem of waste management
Avoid creating waste (source reduction)
Paper, glass, plastic bottles – should be recycled
Food waste should be composted (or used as animal feed in some cases)
Residual waste should be disposed in a proper disposal site
o
Target Audiences -- The initial focus of the IEC activities are on: influential groups (government
officials, civic organization, business leaders, and media); young school children, and the general
public. The focus will be expanded as the communications plan is implemented to include
religious groups and teachers.
o
Short-term Plan – Using the concepts developed, a short-term communications plan was
prepared. The purpose of the short-term plan was to identify IEC activities that could be
conducted during the project, and to provide a basis for a longer-term communications plan.
Implementation of IEC Activities – A number of IEC activities have been conducted, including the
following:
o
Preparation of a simplified version of RA 9003 and IRR; distribution to participants at the National
Conference of Barangays, industry associations, and LGU’s.
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o
Preparation of fact sheets on four topics (waste characterization, recycling, composting, and
residual wastes); distribution to participants at the National Conference of Barangays, industry
associations, and LGU’s.
o
Presentation at LGU seminar and workshop held March 10-13, 2003.
o
Conduct of a tour for children of a materials recovery facility on May 9, 2003. The event included
the tour, a lunch workshop, and a poster-making contest. A press kit was prepared for media that
attended.
o
Assistance in revisions to an existing TV plugs on MRF’s; participation in the preparation of a new
TV/radio plug on the subject, SWM is my personal responsibility, featuring Sen. Jovito Salonga.
o
Development of text messages to be designed by Wireless Services Asia (WSA) and broadcast
through the Globe Telecom.
o
Sponsorship of refrigerator magnets promoting segregation.
o
Preparation of press releases about the activities of the project including: waste characterization
studies, the MOA signing with the local LGU’s, the workshop/seminar on the 10-year SWM Plan
for the LGU’s, and the MRF tour.
o
Contribution of an article on the role of business in solid waste management in the magazine
Business and Environment.
Preparation of Three-Year Communications Plan – A three-year IEC strategy is being developed for
the NSWMC using the concepts developed under the project and building on the short-term IEC
activities.
Recommendations for Continuation of IEC Working Group – The IEC Working Group should continue
to play an important role in solid waste management planning for Metro Manila. The ADB project team
recommends that the Working Group continue to meet on a regular basis. The primary objective of the
Group would be the development and implementation of an integrated IEC strategy in Metro Manila.
Strategy Related to Disposal
An outreach strategy related to waste disposal was developed based on the evaluation conducted under that
component. The consultants’ proposed improvement measures include:
Immediate, short term, and longer-term dumpsite improvements where the stability assessment and
mitigation of the Payatas and the Rodriguez sites are extremely urgent;
Future disposal initiatives which includes the continued pursuit of longer-term regulatory-compliant
sanitary landfills which take years of preparation before they become operational;
Strengthening of regulatory capacity which includes improved comprehensive technical documentation
and an enhanced monitoring program with measurable objectives and strategies; and
Institutional reform to enable cities and municipalities to improve their contracting and monitoring
capacities.
IEC activities are needed to help implement the disposal strategy. The consultants propose an IEC strategy in
which relevant government agencies are first convinced and moved to develop a disposal improvement plan,
after which the general public is addressed with the message from the government: “The current waste
disposal situation is unacceptable but we have a plan to reverse it. Please help us implement it.”
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The consultants propose a three-phase IEC strategy, in which a target audience is addressed at each phase.
These audiences are:
Core national agencies mandated to regulate solid waste management (Phase 1);
Local government units which have the primary mandate to implement solid waste management
(Phase 2); and
The general public including non-government agencies and the business sector (Phase 3).
At each phase, the principal message consists of the key issues and proposed improvements identified by the
consultants, and are supplemented by core messages that address the specific concerns of the target
audience. For each phase, specific IEC activities for delivering the core message are also identified.
Strategy Related to Medical Waste
An outreach strategy related to medical waste was developed based on the results of the various activities
conducted under that component including, workshops, survey of hospitals and other medical facilities,
medical waste characterization study, working group meetings, and meetings with representatives of the
Department of Health.
Issues and Needs – Two key issues related to medical waste management were identified, which
demonstrate the need for additional IEC activities: (1) problems associated with improper segregation;
and (2) an increase in public awareness and concern.
o
Problems associated with improper segregation -- Two key problems result from improper
segregation: (1) dangers resulting from disposal of untreated infectious wastes commingled with
general waste; and (2) additional cost resulting from treatment of general waste commingled with
infectious wastes by non-burn technologies.
o
Increasing public awareness and concern -- Public concern related to the collection, treatment and
final disposition of health care waste has increased considerably during the past few years. To
allay these concerns, it is important that public education regarding the strategy for managing
health care wastes be conducted.
Target Audiences – Based on the issues and needs identified by the project team, two target
audiences were identified:
o
o
Hospital personnel – doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, aides, janitors, cafeteria personnel,
administrative staff, others
Non-hospital personnel – patients, visitors, watchers (attendants)
Development of Strategy – A listing of recommended activities is presented in Table E-1.
Table E-1. Recommended IEC Strategies Related to Medical Waste
Target Audience
Hospital Personnel
Purpose
Training
Reminder
Non-hospital Personnel
Instruction, motivation
Strategy/Method
Guidance document
Trainer training
Personnel training
Interactive training guide
Posters
Fact sheets
Posters
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Final Report
Implementation of Activities – Training and outreach activities that were implemented during the project
include the following:
o
Training Manual – The project team assisted in revising the Manual of Hospital Waste
Management for the DOH.
o
Posters – Layouts for four posters were developed, two targeted at hospital personnel and two at
non-hospital personnel.
o
Training – A workshop is being held for health care personnel and for key members of the
Department of Health.
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1.
Final Report
Introduction
The proper management of solid wastes is essential to the protection of public health and the preservation
of the environment. Nevertheless, it is a topic that is rarely at the forefront of discussion, by the media or
by the general public. It is usually only during a crisis situation that much attention is given to waste
management, and then generally in a negative context. The landslide at Payatas is an example of an
event that received widespread attention by the media, worldwide. Other events that have received media
coverage during the last few years are the protests by Antipolo residents urging the closure of the San
Mateo disposal site, the illegal dumping that occurred after the San Mateo site was closed, and the
protests against transport of waste to Semirara Island. In the absence of a crisis or other significant event,
people prefer not to think about garbage – about who collects it, where the waste is taken, or how it is
handled at the disposal site.
Studies have demonstrated that improper waste management impacts air and water resources, and
ultimately the health and safety of the population. Currently, there are a number of solid waste issues
facing Metro Manila. Each day, over 6000 tons of waste are generated, much of which is disposed in open
dumpsites, absent of any environmental controls, or is illegally dumped. Despite the efforts of Linis Ganda
and other environmental groups, most of the recycling that takes place is done so by scavengers at the
dumpsites, with little or no protection for their health or safety. RA 9003 requires every community to
implement segregated collection and to encourage recycling and composting, yet few of the 1,810
barangays in Metro Manila have such programs, and those that do generally cover only a portion of the
barangay.
There clearly is an interest on the part of many top government officials in the Philippines in solving these
solid waste issues, as evidenced by the following examples of recent activities:
The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) was the first bill that was signed into law
after President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo took office. The President has continued to show support
for waste management, as evidenced by the selection of Secretary Gozun to head DENR, and by
President Arroyo’s willingness to take part in a TV plug designed to encourage children to properly
manage their waste.
Since assuming office in December 2002, Secretary Gozun has made solid waste management
one of the priority issues for DENR. Sec. Gozun has pledged to deliver 50 cities and municipalities
with working SWM systems by the time she steps down in June 2004. The indicators of such
municipalities will include: (a) segregation at source, (b) segregated collection, (c) MRF, and (4)
composting.
President Arroyo has offered support and funding for the SWARMPLAN (Solid Waste Reduction
Master Plan for Metro Manila), initiated by civil society and the business sector in Metro Manila.
The goals of the plan are: (1) to reduce the waste that ends up in dumpsites, landfills, canals, and
streets; and (2) to maximize the return of recyclables to factories and of compostables to soil. The
President’s Social Fund has provided funding for a two-year education and Metro Manila training
program.
The National Solid Waste Management Conference for barangays on April 14-15, 2003, was a
collaborative effort of DILG, DENR and the NSWMC together with LGU’s and NGOs. The
Memorandum of DILG Secretary Lina was critical in drawing the 2,000 participants from barangays
nationwide who participated. The event demonstrated that more and more the LGU’s are making
SWM a priority and that with a little help from central government, there is a tremendous LGU
response.
Programs are being developed and workshops are being conducted. It is critical that iinformation,
education, and communication (IEC) activities be conducted to support the programs that are being
developed.
IEC needs to be an integral part of solid waste management programs and activities. Those in influence
(e.g., government agencies, community leaders, teachers, media) need to be kept informed of important
issues and of technically sound practices to mitigate those issues. And the public needs to be educated
regarding acceptable and unacceptable practices, and motivated to change behavior.
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Final Report
Integration of public education with the other elements of a solid waste management program is critical.
History has demonstrated that programs and projects that have been implemented without community
support and involvement have not been successful. In order for an outreach program to be effective, it
must promote actions on the part of the audience that are available to him or her and that are feasible. For
example, little value is gained if residents are encouraged to segregate their waste, but the collection
system for segregated collection has not been implemented.
Information, education and communication (IEC) activities need to present a clear message in a way that
encourages action by the recipient. They need to be designed with a goal and an audience in mind.
Depending on the purpose and the audience, the IEC activities may need to be informative/educational,
inspiring/persuasive, and/or entertaining.
Furthermore, outreach activities should be conducted according to a well-conceived plan, and their
effectiveness must be monitored.
A comprehensive, integrated information, education, and communication (IEC) plan is critical to the
successful implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) in the Philippines.
The ADB project team worked closely with representatives from the various entities involved in solid waste
management in Metro Manila to develop a communications strategy that addresses the needs of the
communities and the resources of the NSWMC. Activities conducted by the consultants can be grouped
into the following four areas:
1. IEC Working Group – A working group consisting of representatives from national, regional, and
local agencies and from the NGO sector was established. The working group met regularly
throughout the project and participated in the development of the IEC strategies.
2. Strategy for NSWMC and LGU’s – An evaluation of existing and prior IEC activities conducted by
national, regional, and local agencies was undertaken. Needs were identified and a conceptual
strategy was developed. A short-term implementation plan was prepared, and the IEC activities
outlined in the plan were implemented. In addition, a three-year communications plan was
prepared.
3. Strategy Related to Disposal – The history related to locating solid waste disposal facilities was
evaluated in terms of the types of issues that were raised. This information, together with the
results of the disposal component of the ADB TA3848-PHI project, were used to develop
recommendations for IEC activities pertinent to communities in which a dump site is currently
located, as well as activities pertinent to locating of sanitary landfill facilities.
4. Strategy Related to Medical Wastes – The results of the various activities conducted under the
medical waste component of the ADB TA3848-PHI project (e.g., workshops and meetings, waste
characterization, and facility survey) were used to identify IEC issues and needs related to medical
waste. A strategy was developed and IEC activities were implemented, including: assistance with
preparation of a training manual and the development of layouts for posters to instruct medical
personnel and non-medical individuals in segregation of medical wastes.
The activities undertaken, the results and findings, and recommendations are presented below.
2.
IEC Working Group
In November 2002, the project team’s media/community relation’s specialists convened the IEC Working
Group. The first meeting was held on November18, 2002. Subsequent meetings were held on January
29, February 26, March 17, and May 6, 2003.
2.1
COMPOSITION OF WORKING GROUP
In constituting the IEC Working Group, the consultants tried to get a wide representation of the different
agencies and sectors involved but with the conscious effort to keep the size of the group as small as
possible in order to ensure substance and efficiency of discussion. The agencies/sectors represented in
the Working Group are as follows (see Annex 1 for the persons who represented these agencies at the
meetings):
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Final Report
National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC)
DENR-Public Affairs Office (PAO)
DENR-EMB-Environmental Education & Information Office (EEIO)
Philippine Information Agency (PIA)
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
Metro Manila Local Governments
Non-government organizations
ADB-TA3848 team
2.2
RESULTS OF MEETINGS
The first meeting was largely an orientation for the Group about the ADB-TA3848 project and a discussion
of the role the Group was expected to play both during and after the project. It was underscored that there
were already many IEC activities in Metro Manila conducted by the agencies/sectors represented in the
Working Group and others. During subsequent meetings, the framework for a 3-year communications plan
was established: core messages, target groups, and strategies. In addition, plans for specific IEC
activities were made (e.g., MRF tour), and discussions were held about the needed IEC strategies related
to disposal and to medical waste. Copies of discussion documents and minutes from the meetings are
included in Annex 1.
2.2.1
Goals and Objectives
A major goal of the Group was to provide input in the development of an IEC plan for the NSWMC that is
integrated and that incorporates Metro-Manila-wide media strategies and local IEC strategies.
The following objectives were established for the IEC Working Group:
Assessment of effectiveness of previous and current IEC activities
Identification of needs (messages, purpose, targeted groups)
Development of themes, and determination of methods to disseminate the messages
Preparation of a long-term communications plan (messages, methods, implementation schedule,
financial plan) and means of monitoring effectiveness
Implementation of selected components of the communications plan and assessment of
effectiveness
2.2.2
Priority Messages
After some discussion, three main clusters of priority messages emerged, namely,
1. Responsibility -- In this cluster it was emphasized that the messages should show that solid waste
management is both a personal and a social responsibility. It takes leadership and individual
initiative but must be supported by community effort.
2. Financial Impact -- In this cluster the messages should show that poor solid waste management
costs society and individuals money as in the high cost of collection, storage and landfill
maintenance. On the other hand, proper solid waste management not only prevents these costs
but could also bring in additional income from sale of recyclables.
3. Health and Quality of Life -- In this cluster, the messages parallel that of the financial impact. Poor
solid waste management can cause polluted air; land and water giving rise to illnesses and
generally poor health. On the other hand, proper solid waste management results in cleaner and
safer environment, which safeguards health and secures a good quality of life.
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2.2.3
Final Report
Target Audiences
The group identified two general sub-groups of target audiences, namely, the influential and the followers.
In the first group of top priority were the local government officials, civic organizations, business leaders,
media and children of the 4-12 years age group. Of second priority were religious group and teachers.
The group of “followers” were ranked third priority and they included the community and general public,
domestic helpers, and janitors.
2.2.4
Strategies
For each of these target audiences, the Working Group identified appropriate strategies for delivering the
message (see Table 1).
3.
Strategy for NSWMC
The National Solid Waste Management Commission is responsible for the formulation of policies and the
development of a national program that will manage the control, transfer, transport, processing, and
disposal of solid waste in the Philippines. Under RA 9003, the NSWMC is given the responsibility for the
formulation of policies to effectively achieve the objectives of the Act. In addition, the Commission is
mandated to provide technical assistance aimed at enhancing the national and local governments’
administrative and project management capabilities.
A primary emphasis of the work under the TA was to provide technical assistance to the NSWMC in the
development of an IEC strategy and in the implementation of activities. Various activities were undertaken
including: an evaluation of existing and prior IEC activities conducted by national, regional, and local
agencies; the development of a conceptual strategy, the preparation for and implementation of training
activities, implementation of short-term IEC activities, and the preparation of a three-year communications
plan. Each of these activities is discussed in the following sections.
3.1
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING ACTIVITIES
The Media/Community Relations consultants visited the officials of the eight selected LGU’s to discuss
what IEC activities/materials they have used in the past to promote solid waste management, what the
messages and the target audiences were, their assessment of the materials’ effectivity, the financing of the
materials’ production, and any constraints or concerns they may have regarding IEC. In addition, the
consultants met with representatives of regional and national agencies, including: Ms. Elsie Encarnacion
of the MMDA, Ms. Elenida Basug of the DENR-EMB Environmental Education and Information Office
which assists the NSWMC on IEC matters, and Ms. Irma Paulme of the DENR Public Affairs office.
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Final Report
Table 1. Target Audiences and Strategies
RANK
1
TARGET AUDIENCE
a. Influential
LGU officials
1
Civic organizations
1
Business leaders
1
Media
1
Children (4-12yrs)
2
2
3
Religious groups
Teachers
b. Followers
Community/general public
3
3
Domestic helpers
Janitors
STRATEGIES
Meetings
Circulars
Rewards/recognition
Meetings
Awareness/recognition
Partnership
Meetings/seminars
Partnership
Recognition/promotion/best practices
Tours to MRF’s with workshop
Press releases
Press conference
Awards/recognition
Fun activities
Competition
TV/cinema spots
Print ads (including tabloids)
Text messaging
Bumper stickers
Billboards/posters
National and local agencies in Metro Manila have conducted numerous IEC activities related to solid waste
management during the last few years. NGOs have also been active in this area, particularly in providing
outreach to communities. In general, much has been done in terms of IEC on solid waste management at
the LGU level. Most LGU’s have used a combination of approaches such as flyers, posters, slogans
painted on walls, comic strips, community meetings, training seminars, mascots, school-based ecology
clubs, contests, Public Address Systems, and door-to-door campaigns. Many use printed materials
produced by DENR-EMB, MMDA and some NGOs like Mother Earth to complement their own locally
produced IEC printed materials.
An inventory of IEC activities conducted by some of the entities in Metro Manila is provided in Annex 2. As
shown in the annex, DENR has been particularly active in this area, as has MMDA and the LGU’s that
were visited. A wide variety of approaches have been used including: TV, radio, videos, newspapers,
periodicals, books/booklets, posters, flyers, workshops/training courses, contests, exhibits, and others.
The sections below describe some of the community awareness activities related to solid waste
management in Metro Manila.
3.1.1.
Television and Radio
Television and radio can be effective tools for the dissemination of information, and are used by many
sectors, both to educate and to motivate the audience. To maximize effectiveness, the materials produced
should be carefully designed to convey the intended message in a clear and entertaining way, and should
be targeted at the intended audience. For example, depending on the targeted audience, a TV plug in
Metro Manila could be aired on ABS-CNB (general audience), ABS-CBN news channel (business people),
and/or Studio 23 (Gen-Xers).
Solid waste management outreach via television and radio can, and does, take many forms in Metro
Manila. The most common forms are talk show interviews, news stories, and plugs/commercials. In
addition, environmental topics (although not solid waste related specifically) have been incorporated into
sitcom story lines, e.g., Richard Loves Lucy, and as trivia questions on game shows.
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The number of TV and radio programs that regularly discuss environmental topics is limited. Bantay
Kalikasan airs a program on Sunday afternoon (Channel 21), Radyo ng Bayan is a government radio
network that addresses such issues of importance, and there are three or four radio talk shows during
which listeners are encouraged to call or text in comments. In addition, some cities (e.g., Makati) have a
regularly scheduled radio program in which issues of importance to the community are discussed,
including waste management.
Various agencies in Metro Manila (e.g., DENR-EMB, MMDA, and DOH) have produced TV/radio plugs on
waste management. As shown in Annex 2, the plugs are usually 15 seconds, 30 seconds, or 60 seconds
in length and have covered various topics including: how to segregate, how to set up an MRF, the need
for proper disposal, and the public health impacts of improper disposal. Often the plugs are aired through
the Philippine Information Agency (PIA). Although the PIA airs the plug at no cost, the plug can only be
shown for 3 weeks and the PIA cannot choose the time that the plug is aired. TV/radio plugs are relatively
expensive to produce and to air.
Quezon City is currently producing three TV plugs: 15 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds in length.
Filming has been started. The plugs will be shown at a film festival to be held in December, and will be
shown on TV.
3.1.2
Newspapers, Newsletters, and Periodicals
Newspapers are also effective means for educating the public. Methods used in Metro Manila include:
news stories, press releases, regular columns, advertisements, and editorials. Newspapers, including
tabloids, have a reporter assigned to cover the environmental beat (see Table 2). Except for one NGO
that has a weekly newspaper column by one of its members, none of these methods are used on a
regular, on-going basis by the agencies or groups contacted.
Some cities (e.g., Muntinlupa) are producing a community newspaper. Other cities have produced
newspapers in the past, or would like to, but do not have the funds available for printing. Target audiences
are barangay officials, community leaders, schools, and the religious sector.
Information about waste management is addressed in a number of newsletters and periodicals produced
in Metro Manila. Examples are: Industry EnviroNews, Waste Bulletin, Environmental Education Bulletin,
Symbiosis, Waste Matters, Philippine Business for the Environment, and Patlepam News. The periodicals
reach a focused audience with informative articles.
3.1.3
Videos
The DENR and the MMDA have produced videos on several solid waste management topics. Videos
usually run between 15 and 60 minutes in length, and are shown at venues such as school classrooms,
community meetings, and training sessions. The following are examples of the videos produced by DENR
during the last few years:
Galit sa Basura (War on Wastes)
Basurang dapat Pakinabangan (Waste is a Resource)
Ang Lunitiang Mundo ni Angelo (The Green World of Angelo)
Waste No Time: May Solusyon sa Basura (There is a Solution to the Garbage Problem)
Makati has prepared its own video, which is a Philippine version of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) –
the 3Bs (Bawasan, Baguhin, Balik). In addition, videos produced outside of the Philippines are used in
some cases. For example, the City of Manila shows a cartoon video prepared in Japan at community
meetings and in schools. The cartoon portrays garbage as a monster.
____________________________________________________________________________________
6
Final Report
Table 2. List of DENR Beat Reporters (Print)
Name
BROADSHEETS
Deck Villanueva
Elmer Panesa
Gerald Lacuarta
Gigi de Vera
Donna Brazas
Mel Cabigting
Othel Campos
Katherinea Adraneda
Leilani Gallardo
Mother Adi Simbulam
TABLOIDS
Angie de la Cruz
Fe Bautista
Aaron Recuenco
Bella Cariazo
Ben Figura
Betsy Ison
Celo Lagmay
Ivan Robles
Rjay Laurea
Juliet de Loza
Mitos Garcia
Maricris Maninit
Zaida delos Reyes
Len Ladera
Beck Bernabe
Robert Basilio, Jr.
Cecilia Quiambao
Ronito Calunsod
Dolly Aglay
Rhea Carlos
Tess Cerojano
Vivian Tuazon
Jonathan Fernandez
Lettieh Corvera
Ryan Ponce Pacpaco
3.1.4
Media Agency
Cell phone Nos.
Today
Manila Bulletin
Philippine Daily Inquirer
Malaya
The Manila Times
The Daily Tribune
Manila Standard
The Philippine Star
Business World
Manila Star
0916-320-5354
0919-653-4794
0918-571-9127
0919-320-1614
0917-450-6817
0919-364-0214
0919-218-3532
0917-842-3044
0918-922-8419
0919-494-0988
Philippine Star Ngayon
Text Tonight
Tempo
People’s Journal
People’s Balita
Philippine News Agency
Balita
Tumbok
RP Daily Expose
Abante
People’s Tonight
Metro Mail/Sunstar
Taliba
Saksi Ngayon
Toro
Cyber Dyaryo
Pintas
Daily Manila Shimbun
Reuters
Dow Jones
Kyudo News
Remate
Remate
Headline Ngayon
People’s Taliba
0919-410-0165
0918-326-1419
0916-474-1473
0916-486-2357
0919-926-5462
0920-227-7509
0919-638-2039
0920-782-7842
0919-559-1756
0916-514-1018
0920-527-3543
0919-325-4567
0918-333-1667
0916-323-3163
0917-919-2616
0917-814-5813
0918-903-6438
0918-905-5241
0917-814-6602
0918-901-4158
811-5180
0917-608-7981
0917-343-9347
Printed Materials
The DENR and the MMDA produce materials that are used by the agencies themselves and that are
distributed to local government agencies for their use. The inventory of materials in Annex 2 demonstrates
the types of materials that have been produced, listed by name of organization and type of material.
Printed materials include books and booklets, posters, flyers, bumper stickers, folders, etc. Many of the
materials are prepared by DENR, MMDA, or another group and distributed to LGU’s. In addition, cities
and NGOs prepare materials and distribute to the barangay officials and other community leaders. The
following are examples of printed materials:
Posters
Bawasan ang Basurang Itinatapon! Mag-Segregate (Reduce Garbage that
Needs to be Thrown away! Segregate)
She’s on Top of a Garbage Heap. Minimize Waste. She Deserves More.
A Cleaner Greener Marikina
Handouts/Flyers
Panahon na para maghiwalay! (Instructions for Segregation)
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7
Final Report
Walang Sayang, Walang Basura: Know More About Wastes and Their
Benefits (No Waste, No Garbage)
Bawas Basura, Bawas Problema! (Reduce Garbage, Reduce Problem)
Wastong Pag-aayos ng mga Basura (The Right Way to Manage Solid
Waste)
Mga Dapat Tandaan sa Backyard o Household Composting (What One
Needs to Remember about Backyard or Household Composting)
Ecological Solid Waste Management
Bumper stickers
Sagot ko, Basura ko (My responsibility, My garbage)
Sama-Sama Tayo sa Kalinisan (We’re All Together in Cleanliness)
Basura Ngayon Gamit Kinabukasan (Waste Today, Useful Tomorrow)
Hand in Hand for Clean Green and Healthy Metropolis
In addition, a number of books or booklets have been written in recent years by government (e.g., Primer
on the Clean Air Act by DENR), by NGOs (e.g., Doon Po sa Amin (in our Hometown) by Odette Alcantara),
and by associations (e.g., Trainer’s Training on the Establishment and Operations of a Material Recovery
Facility by SWAPP).
3.1.5
Community Outreach/Advocacy
Most community outreach activities are being conducted by the LGU’s (with the support of the city) and by
NGOs. Cities are conducting training activities for barangay officials, and are working in cooperation with
them to inform residents of the communities about solid waste management programs. NGOs (e.g.,
Mother Earth) are active in conducting training at the community level. In addition, MMDA has been
working with selected communities under a program financed by UNDP.
Numerous approaches have been tried to reach the community when implementing a program, such as
segregated collection. The approaches that have been the most successful include most, if not all, of the
elements listed below. As stated previously, it is important to have the infrastructure for the program in
place before conducting training activities for residents.
Set up meetings with barangay officials. It is critical to have the support of barangay officials and
community leaders. In some areas, the city does not initiate the contact but waits for the barangay
officials to do so in order to ensure a level of interest.
Work with a group of local volunteers in establishing the program and setting up the training. It is
important that the barangay or community feels a sense of ownership of the program.
Conduct training activities at the community level for residents. Meetings are generally conducted in
Tagalog. Encourage the participants to inform others in their neighborhood. It is helpful to have a
handout for participants to take home. Mother Earth charges a nominal fee for the handout to ensure
that the recipient places a value on the material.
Continue to work with the residents to educate them during the implementation period. This can be
effectively done through a PA system. Door-to-door outreach is also important and can be conducted by
the volunteer group, by barangay health workers, street sweepers, Eco-Aides, or others.
On-going education and outreach at the community level is needed. The methods used by communities in
Metro Manila include: community meetings, training sessions, door-to-door outreach, flyers, posters at
barangay halls, announcements using a PA system and contests.
3.1.6
Schools
A number of approaches are being used to educate schoolchildren on the importance of proper solid
waste management. These include: environmental curriculum, clubs, contests, videos, and others.
Examples of some of the activities conducted by some of the communities are listed below.
Curriculum
Environmental Education Guide (DECS/DENR 1999)
____________________________________________________________________________________
8
Final Report
Munting Kamay sa Kalinisan Alalay (Little Hands, Assistance in
Cleanliness)
3.1.7
Clubs
ANGELS club (Agents of New Generation of Environmental Lovers) -project of Rotary Club
Young Environmentalists Club (YES)
WOW (War on Waste)
Contests
Mr. And Mrs. Ecology -- beauty contest with clothing made out of
recyclables
Art contests
Contests to bring recyclables
Competition for the school with the best environmental waste management
program: segregation, composting, creativity in using recyclables,
cleanliness of school, organic garden
Basura trade fair
Businesses
Because of the substantive exposure of the business sector to such programs as Cleaner Production,
Waste Minimization, Pollution Prevention, the 5S, and Environmental Management Systems (EMS), many
large and medium companies have imbibed the philosophy of proper SWM. Many industry associations
also advocate proper SWM, and some associations regularly conduct training workshops on this subject.
UNEP has developed attractive, well-illustrated posters on Cleaner Production. The Japanese-supported
Asian Productivity Organization has likewise developed attractive posters on the 5S.
The Philippine Business for the Environment (PBE) has featured articles on the above-mentioned
programs in its quarterly magazine. Also featured in the magazine is PBE’s Industrial Waste Exchange
Program, in which companies can list either materials they need that are a by-product of other industries,
or materials that they produce as a by-product that can still be used by other companies. This waste
exchange has been in place since 1994.
PBE also operates an Environmental Information Center for business and industry, which carries many
titles on cleaner production, waste minimization, etc.
3.1.8
Other
Communities and agencies in Metro Manila have undertaken many types of IEC activities. In addition to
the ones described in previous sections, the following are examples of other types of outreach currently
being conducted:
Billboards are being used in some communities (e.g., Quezon City). Although billboards are
relatively expensive, they are larger, usually more prominent, and are more permanent than
posters.
Murals are being used effectively in Valenzuela and in other communities (see Figures 1 and 2).
The murals can be painted by school children as part of a contest.
Mascots are used by MMDA and by some communities. They are particularly effective when
working with school children.
Crafts from recycled materials are made in some communities, e.g., Ugong (Pasig), Manila,
and Talayan (Quezon City). In addition to being a potential source of revenue, the making and
selling of crafts can serve as a motivational tool to the community.
More details on these activities are provided in Annex 2.
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9
Final Report
Figure 1. Photographs of Murals in Valenzuela
3.2 ISSUES AND NEEDS
Although much is being done to promote solid waste management, representatives of national and
regional agencies, LGUs, and NGOs raised a number of issues.
3.2.1
Lack of Understanding of RA9003 at the Barangay Level
Most of the selected LGUs have conducted training activities for the barangay officials since their election
in June 2002. Although the substance of these seminars was governance, in general, waste management
was a particular section that was highlighted. Sometimes, however, the supplementary handout materials
on waste management given to the barangay officials consisted only of a copy of RA9003, which the city
officials suggested was too complicated and hard to read or understand.
3.2.2
Need for Ongoing Activity to Sustain Interest and Motivation
Repeatedly, it was mentioned that right after a big campaign or training seminar, people are motivated to
segregate their household wastes but that their resolve often wanes after a few months. One principal
reason for this waning of motivation is the lack of infrastructure for SWM such that after segregating at
home, the haulers are seen mixing the materials at the time of collection. The success of the IEC is
dependent on the availability of an integrated SWM system, which should include segregated collection,
processing and proper disposal facility, as well as an IEC component.
3.2.3
Need for Support of LGU Officials
The support of LGU officials is one of the most important factors in the degree of success in the
implementation of SWM programs. The support of the mayor and councilors is essential in the preparation
of solid waste plans, in the development of segregated collection programs, and in the establishment of
MRF’s. Similarly, the support of barangay officials is important in the community outreach and training
activities. In communities where there are barangay officials whose political affiliations are different from
those of the city mayor, the officials are reluctant to cooperate with the city’s SWM program.
3.2.4
Lack of Resources to Produce and Disseminate IEC Materials
Every IEC campaign requires financial and human resources. Even simple flyers cost money to produce,
duplicate, and disseminate. In some cases, flyers have been prepared but not distributed because of a
lack of funding to duplicate or print them. LGUs recognize the importance of a multi-faceted IEC strategy,
but often there is no budget allocation for IEC.
____________________________________________________________________________________
10
3.2.5
Final Report
Lack of Strategic Plan for Coordination of IEC Initiatives
Although much has been produced and launched in terms of IEC for SWM by the DENR and the MMDA,
there has been no coordinated long-term strategy or integrated plan for the agencies. A coordinated
strategy would allow the agencies to optimise available financial and production resources. In addition,
coordination of efforts would allow the promotion of a unified message throughout Metro Manila, and a
sharing of materials that would be produced.
3.2.6
Need to Assess Effectivity of IEC Materials
A methodology for determining the effectivity of IEC campaigns is needed. Thus far, agencies rely mostly
on intuition and informal feedback to assess the effectiveness of messages and materials.
3.2.7
Need for Useful Information at the City’s Ecology Center
Because some LGUs and many barangays do not have access to the Internet, it is important that hard
copies of materials are available for use by barangay officials. Such information could include, for
example, directories of recyclers and junk shops; directories of SWM suppliers like those of waste bins,
trash bags, enzymes, compost bins, etc; examples with write-ups, pictures and contact numbers of good
SWM systems; copies of good IEC printed materials; and an index of radio/TV plugs and videos.
3.3 DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS PLAN
The results of the IEC Working Group and the evaluation by the consultants of existing solid waste
management practices were used to develop an IEC strategy for the NSWMC. The essential elements of
the strategy are presented below. Building on these elements, a short-term communications plan was
prepared for implementation during the project (see Section 3.4). In addition, recommendations for a
longer-term (3-year) communications plan were developed for consideration by the NSWMC (see Section
3.5).
3.3.1
Focus of Messages
Two concepts for messages were developed for the IEC activities. These concepts utilize a combined
approach of education and motivation. An overview of the messages is provided below; the language for
the messages will be developed based on the medium and the intended audience.
Waste Costs -- the cost associated with improper management of waste
Lives (e.g., Payatas)
Health
Resources (importance of source reduction, segregation, recycling, composting)
Money
Quality of life
RA 9003 – the need to work together to solve the problem of waste management
Paper, glass, plastic bottles – should be recycled
Food waste should be composted (or used as animal feed in some cases)
Residual waste should be disposed in a proper disposal site
3.3.2
Target Audiences
The initial focus of the IEC activities will be on:
Influential groups, i.e., on those that have an impact on the behaviour of others
o Government officials (e.g., DENR offices, LGU’s)
o Civic organizations
o Business leaders
o Media
Young school children
The general public
____________________________________________________________________________________
11
Final Report
The focus will be expanded as the communications plan is implemented to include religious groups and
teachers (i.e., the members of the “influential group” ranked as no. 2 by the Working Group, see Section
2.2.4).
3.3.3
Outreach Options
Various strategies were considered in developing the communications plan. The following list was used as
a basis for discussion, but was not meant to be all-inclusive.
TV spots, talk shows, story lines
Radio spots, talk shows
Cinema spots
Newspaper – press releases, feature stories, ads
Videos (short spots) – schools, barangay halls, public waiting areas
Videos (15 to 60 minutes) – schools, barangay associations, street level meetings, community
associations
Website/resource center
Tours/seminars for representatives of the media
Community seminars, meetings
Billboards, walls, posters, bumper stickers, calendars
Flyers – schools, businesses, barangay officials, households
Comics
RA 9003 information – simplified version (in Tagalog) of barangay responsibilities for distribution to
barangay captains
Soliciting advocacy of religious sector
School clubs
Community volunteers
Contests – schools, barangays, communities
Public address system
Text messages
Mascot/slogans
3.4
SHORT-TERM COMMUNICATIONS PLAN AND ACTIVITIES
The project team developed a strategy for IEC activities that would be conducted during the project.
A list of the activities to be conducted during the project is provided in Table 3. The list is based on the
targeted groups and types of activities identified previously. These activities form the basis for a longterm communications plan.
Table 3. List of IEC Activities Planned by Project Team
Target Group
DENR offices
LGU’s
Activity
Fact sheets on SWM to offices (part of on-going weekly program covering various
environmental topics)
Handout – simplification of RA 9003 and IRR
Fact sheets - WACS, recycling, composting, residuals
LGU ecology center materials
Civic organizations
Fact sheets (informative handouts)
Resource speakers – develop list
Recognition program – suggestions for program
Business leaders
Fact sheets (informative handouts)
Refrigerator magnets (additional 2000)
Resource speakers – develop list
Recognition program – suggestions for program
Coordination with PBE
____________________________________________________________________________________
12
Media
Final Report
Tour to MRF’s/workshop
Press releases
Press conferences
Children (4-12 yrs)
Tour to MRF and poster competition
Competition -- suggestions for school competitions
General public
TV spots
Radio spot
Subliminal TV messages on tela-novelas/game shows
Text messaging
Other
National Ecology Center materials
____________________________________________________________________________________
13
Final Report
The activities described below have been conducted to date.
3.4.1
Simplified RA 9003 and IRR
As mentioned previously, as the consultants visited representatives of cities and municipalities in Metro
Manila involved in solid waste management, it became apparent that many officials at the barangay level
either had not read RA 9003 or did not have copies of the law. It was repeatedly mentioned that the law
and the IRR were too complicated.
Hence the consultants decided to prepare a simplified flowchart of those sections that were most relevant
to the barangay officials. The flowchart and supplementary materials are included in Figures 2 and 3 in
English, and in Figures 4 and 5 in Tagalog.
3.4.2
Fact Sheets
In order to meet the need for factual information, simply written, the consultants prepared fact sheets. The
fact sheets are one-page documents with photos and data that were intended to provide accurate
information in an easy-to-read format. Fact sheets have been prepared covering the following four topics:
waste characterization, recycling, composting, and residual wastes.
The fact sheets have been used as follows: (1) included in the conference kit for the National Solid Waste
Management Conference for Barangays held on April 14-15, 2003; (2) faxed or e-mailed to industry
associations in conjunction with Earth Day; and (3) provided to the NSWMC and the EEIO for duplication
and distribution as they saw fit.
Copies of the fact sheets are provided in Figures 6 through 9.
3.4.3
Presentation at LGU Seminar and Workshop
As part of the objective of helping the LGU’s develop their 10-year SWM plan, the IEC consultants
participated in the seminar and workshop held March 10-13, 2003, in Antipolo. A presentation was made
at the seminar, and templates were distributed during the workshop (see Annex 3).
3.4.4
MRF Tour and Poster Contest
To raise awareness on proper solid waste management at the community level, a tour of a functioning
MRF was planned. The selected MRF was that in Marulas, Valenzuela, which is operated by the city
government. Twenty children of DENR employees who come from different schools in Metro-Manila were
invited. Their age range was from 7 to 12 years.
Members of media were invited to cover the event; 14 representatives from the print and radio/TV media
attended. The purpose of inviting media to participate was twofold: (1) to receive news coverage of the
event; and (2) to provide media with factual information regarding waste management through the media
kit and the workshop presentation. It is significant to note that some of the media representatives who
participated said that they indeed found the trip worthwhile and hoped that another one will be planned for
their colleagues who were not able to participate. A copy of the media kit that was distributed is included
in Annex 4.
The children were divided into four groups to tour the four stations set up by the MRF operators, namely
recycling, composting, residual waste and gardening. By rotation, each group was able to spend 15
minutes at each station, where the children participated in hands-on activities. Safety equipment was
provided. Children and media were invited to lunch, during which time a short workshop was given on the
importance of ecological solid waste management (see Annex 5).
Photos from the MRF tour and luncheon are presented in Figure 10.
____________________________________________________________________________________
14
BARANGA– LEVEL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AS
Final Report
Start
Create SWM Committee
Example:
100% Collection coverage by 2005
90% Reduction by 2006
Set SWM Vision/Goal
Coordinate with city/
municipality
FO
R
M
UL
AT
IO
N
OF
PR
O
GR
A
M
Example:
Composition of total city Waste
40% - Food Waste
10% - Plastic
10% - Garden Waste
10% - Metal Waste
10% - Paper
20% - Mixed
Get relevant info from
City/municipality ’ sWaste
Characterization and
Analysis
Example:
Collection:
Required segregation by July 2003
Reduction:
50% reduction by December 2003
65% by December 2004
80% by 2005
Set Progressive Targets
Identify Strategies
10 -Year SWM Program
Example:
IEC –
• trainings seminars for 30 schools in 2003
• 2 TV / cinema plugs for 2004
Identify Partner Barangays
Policy • Ordinance for segregated collection
Allocate Funds
Set up MRF
•Identify, acquire land
•Design
•Acquire equipment
•Build facility
•Maintain logbook
•Directory of Recyclers
•Composting facility
•Training
Set up collection
/ transfer system
of recyclable &
biodegradables
•Schedule
•Get vehicles /
haulers
•Training
•Establish fees
•Segregated materials
Inform public
•Bulletins
•Flyers
•PA system
•Posters
•Text message
Set up
enforcement
mechanism
•Pass Ordinance,
specify fines &
Penalties
•Deputize SWM officers
Set up disposal
system
•Tipping fee
• Monthly reports
Monitor / track performance
Im
ple
me
ntat
ion
Pha
se
Adjust targets / strategies
ADB TA 3848-PHI- Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 2. Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, English
____________________________________________________________________________________
15
Final Report
SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILS TO FLOWCHART ON SWM FOR BARANGAYS
AS PER RA9003
Members of Barangay SWM Committee
1) 1 kagawad
2) SK chair
3) Presidents of homeowners’ associations
4) Public/private school principals or their
representatives
5) 1 PTA president or representative
6) 1 religious organization representative
7) 1 business community representative
8) 1 environmental NGO representative
9) President of Market Vendors Association
10) 1 representative from junkshop owners’
representatives
Source Reduction
•
Identify strategies for
reducing solid waste
generated at source and
the measures to
implement these
strategies
•
Identify appropriate waste
reduction technologies
•
List types of wastes to be
reduced
Functions of SWM Committee
1) Formulate SWM program consistent with city
municipality plan
2) Segregation and collection of biodegradable,
compostable, reusable wastes
3) Establish MRF
4) Allocate barangay funds; look for sources of funds
5) Organize core coordinators
6) Submit monthly reports to city or municipality
Recycling
•
List the types of materials
to be recycled in line with
the reduction targets
•
Develop a program and
implementation schedule
that shows the measures
by which the targets will
be achieved
Composting
•
List the types of materials
which will be composted
under the city/municipality
SWM plan
•
Develop a program and
implementation schedule
that shows the measures by
which the targets will be
achieved
Collection and Transfer
a)
The barangay shall ensure that 100% collection efficiency from residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural sources within
its area of coverage is achieved.
b)
Identify the specific strategies and activities to be undertaken by its component barangays taking into account the following
concerns:
i.
Availability and provision of properly designed containers or receptacles in selected collection points for the temporary storage of
solid waste while awaiting collection and transfer to processing sites or to final disposal sites.
ii.
Segregation of different types of solid waste for re-use, recycling and composting.
iii.
Hauling and transfer of solid waste from source or collection points to processing sites or final disposal sites.
iv.
Issuance and enforcement of ordinances to effectively implement a collection system in the barangay.
v.
Provision of properly trained officers and workers to handle solid waste disposal.
c)
Minimum standards:
i.
Personnel should be equipped with protective equipment and paraphernalia.
ii.
Training provided by DOH.
iii.
Prevent damage to containers, slippages or scattering of solid waste within the collection vicinity.
iv.
Equipment used in the collection and transport of solid waste shall be constructed, operated and maintained in such a manner
as to minimize health and safety hazards.
v.
Equipment shall be maintained in good condition and kept clean to prevent the propagation or attraction of vectors and the
creation of nuisances.
vi.
Use of separate vehicles. Otherwise, vehicles should have compartments for sorting wastes while in transit. The compartments
should have a cover.
vii.
Vehicles shall be designed to consider road size, condition and capacity to ensure the safe and efficient collection and transport
of solid wastes.
viii.
Vehicles shall bear the body number, the name and telephone number of the contractor/agency collecting solid waste.
Figure 3. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, English
____________________________________________________________________________________
16
Education and Public Information
The barangay shall:
1) Educate and inform citizens about the source
reduction, recycling and composting programs.
2) Ensure that information on waste collection
services, solid waste management and related
health and environmental are widely
disseminated among the public.
Operations of a Materials Recovery Facility
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Power to Collect SWM Fees
The local SWM Board/local SWM cluster Board shall
impose fees on the SWM services provided for by
the LGU or its authorized unit. In determining the
fees, the local board shall include those costs
directly related to the adoption and
implementation of the SWM Plan and the setting
and collection of the local fees. This power to
impose fees may be ceded to the private sector
and civil society groups.
The fees shall pay for the costs of preparing,
adopting and implementing a SWM Plan prepared
pursuant to the Act. Further, the fees shall also
be used to pay the actual costs incurred in
collecting the local fees and for project
sustainability.
Basis of SWM fees:
1) Types of solid waste to include special waste
2) Amount/volume of waste
3) Distance of the transfer station to the waste
management facility
4) Capacity or type of LGU constituency
5) Cost of construction
6) Cost of management
7) Type of technology
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
•
•
6)
i.
7)
i.
ii.
•
•
Collection of Fees
The barangay may impose fees for collection and
segregation of biodegradable, compostable and
reusable wastes from household, commerce,
other sources of domestic wastes, and for the use
of barangay MRFs. The computation of the fees
shall be established by the respective SWM
boards. The manner of collection of the fees shall
be dependent on the style of administration of
respective Barangay Councils. All transactions
must follow the Commission on Audit rules on
collection of fees.
Final Report
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
Barangays shall be responsible for the collection, segregation, recycling of
biodegradable, recyclable, compostable and reusable wastes. MRFs will be
established in every barangay or cluster of barangays.
Establishment of an MRF in a barangay-owned or leased land or any suitable
open space to be determined by the barangay through its Sanggunian.
The MRF shall be designed to receive biodegradable wastes for composting
and mixed non-biodegradable wastes for final segregation, re-use and recycling,
provided that each type of mixed waste is collected from the source and
transported to the MRF in separate containers.
The resulting residual waste shall be transferred to a long-term storage or
disposal facility or sanitary landfill.
The MRF shall be designed to receive, sort, process and store compostable and
recyclable materials efficiently and in an environmentally sound manner. The
facility shall address the following considerations:
The building and/or land layout and equipment must be designed to
accommodate efficient and safe materials processing, movement and storage.
The building must be designed to allow efficient and safe external access and to
accommodate internal flow.
If the MRF includes a composting operation, it shall comply with the provision of
Section 2.
The following records shall be kept and maintained such that they can be
submitted to DENR upon request:
Record of daily weights or volumes of waste received, processed and removed
from site accurate to within 10% and adequate for overall planning purposes
and tracking of success of waste diversion goals.
Daily logbook or file of the following information shall be maintained; fire and
other special occurrences, unauthorized loads, injury and property damage.
Guidelines for compost quality
Composted materials intended to be distributed commercially must conform to
the standards for organic fertilizers set by the DA, and be free of
hazardous/toxic constituents.
Minimum requisites for operating composting facilities
The facility shall not be sited in areas subject to frequent flooding, unless
engineering controls are provided in the design to prevent inundation of the
facility.
Leachate and drainage control
Facilities shall be designed such that compost piles, windrows, residues and
processed material will not come in contact with surface storm run-off.
Where excess leachate storage is provided, discharge of leachate into any body
of water is prohibited unless leachate meets DENR standards. If necessary,
leachate can be stored but still within DENR standards. Leachate shall be
treated and re-circulated back into compost piles or windrows as much as
possible.
Provisions for vector, odor, litter and dust control shall be included.
Record keeping shall be maintained at all times in accordance with Section 2(b)
of URR.
Residues shall be managed as solid waste and shall be disposed of as such.
Temperatures of compost piles, curing piles and processed composts shall be
maintained in safe levels to prevent spontaneous combustion.
Aerobic conditions shall be maintained to prevent creation of dangerous gases
such as methane.
The Collection and Retention of Fees
The collection of fines under the penal provisions of
the Act may be conducted by the Local SWM
Board/Local SWM Cluster Board or any other
authorized body. The collection shall be
receipted. Alternatively, the Local SWM
Board/Local SWM Cluster Board or any
authorized body shall retain 40% portion of the
collected fees from fines and remit 60% of the
same to the SWM Fund as prescribed in the Act.
Figure 3. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, English (continued)
____________________________________________________________________________________
17
Final Report
Prohibited Acts and the Corresponding Fines and Penalties
Prohibited Acts
Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places,
such as roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and
establishments, or causing or permitting the same.
Fines
Payment in the amount not
less than P300 but not more
than P1000.
Penalties
Rendering of community service
for not less than 1 day but not
more than 15 days to an LGU
where such prohibited acts are
committed or both.
Undertaking activities or operating, collecting or transporting
equipment in violation of sanitation operation and other
requirements of this act.
than P1000.
Imprisonment of not less than one
(1) day to not more than fifteen
(15) days or both.
than P3000.
Imprisonment of not less than
fifteen (15) days to not more than
six (6) months or both.
For the first offense, a fine of
P500,000 plus an amount not
less than 5% but not more
than 10% of his net annual
income during the previous
year.
For the second or subsequent
offenses, the additional penalty of
imprisonment of a minimum period
of one (1) year, but not to exceed
three (3) years at the discretion of
the court.
Payment in the amount of not
less than P10,000 but not
more than P200,000.
Imprisonment of not less than
thirty (30) days but not more than
three (3) years or both.
less than P100,000 but not
more than P1,000,000.
Imprisonment of not less than one
(1) year but not more than six (6)
years or both.
The open burning of solid waste.
Causing or permitting the collection of non-segregated or
unsorted waste.
Open dumping, burying of biodegradable or non-biodegradable
materials in flood-prone areas.
Unauthorized removal of recyclable materials intended for
collection by authorized persons.
The mixing of source separated recyclable material with other
solid waste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in
solid waste collection or disposal.
Establishment or operation of open dumps as enjoined in
RA9003, or closure of said dumps in violation of Section 37 of the
Act.
The manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally
acceptable packaging materials.
Importation of consumer products packaged in nonenvironmentally acceptable materials.
Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented as “recyclable” or
“with recyclable content.”
Transport and dumping in bulk of collected domestic, industrial,
commercial and institutional wastes in areas other than facilities
prescribed under RA9003.
Site preparation, construction, expansion or operation of waste
management facilities without an Environmental Compliance
Certificate required pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1586 and
the Act and not conforming to the land use plan of the LGU.
The construction of any establishment within 200 meters from
open dump or controlled dumps or sanitary landfills.
The construction or operation of landfills or any waste disposal
facility on any aquifer, groundwater reservoir or watershed area
and/or any portion thereof.
Deputization of Solid Waste Management Officers
The commission is authorized to deputize persons, individuals or entities to be Solid Waste Management Officers, giving
them authority to effect the arrest of violators in accordance with the law, for the purposes of enforcing and implementing
RA9003, its Implementing Rules and Regulations and other rules and regulations governing solid waste management.
The deputization shall be under the recommendation of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board at City/
Municipality Solid Waste Management Boards.
Figure 3. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, English (continued)
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18
Final Report
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SA HANAY NG BARANGGAY
HANGO SA RA 9003
Simula
Lumikha ng Komite
para sa SWM
Halimbawa:
Magtalaga ng mga
pangkalahatang layunin
90% antas ng koleksyon pagdating ng 2005
25 % bawas sa taong 2006
PAGBUO NG PROGRAMA
Makipag-ugnayan sa lungsod
Halimbawa:
Komposisyon ng lahat ng basura sa barangay
Mangalap ng mga nauukol
na impormasyon mula sa
Waste Characterization
Analysis ng Lungsod
40% - Pagkain
10% - Halaman
10% - Papel
Magtalaga ng mga
progresibong na hangarin
10% - Plastik
10% - Metal
20% -Pinaghalong Basura
Halimbawa:
Koleksyon:
Kinakailangang mapagbukod-bukod sa Hulyo 2003.
Bawas:
10% bawas pagdating ng Disyembre 2003
90% bawas pagdating ng Disyembre 2004
100% bawas pagdating ng 2005
Gumawa ng mga isratehiya
10 taong SWM Plan
Halimbawa:
Humanap ng mga kapanalig
na barangay
Impormasyon at Edukasyon • Seminar/Pagsasanay para sa 30 paaralan sa 2003
• 2 Plugs sa telebisyon o sinehan sa 2004
Patakaran Ordinansa ukol sa hiwa-hiwalay na koleksyon
Mamahagi ng mga pondo
Magtatag ng Materials
Recovery Facility
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alamin ang
nakuhang lupa
Disenyo
Magkaroon ng mga gamit
Magtayo ng pasilidad
Magmintini ng talaan
Talaan ng mga Recyclables
Pasilidad para sa pataba
Pagsasanay
Magtatag ng isang
mekanismo ng
pagpapatupad
Bigyan kaalaman
ang madla
•Talaan
• Kumuha ng
sasakyang
panghakot
• Pagsasanay
• Maglagay ng upa
• Pinaghiwahiwalay na
materyales
• Bulitin
• Public Address
system
• Poster
• Mensahe
sa Text
• Magpasa ng
ordinansa,
karampatang
multa at parusa
• Magtalaga ng
mga kinatawan
bilang SWM Officers
Bantayan
Bantayan ang
ang pagpapatupad
pagpapatupad
Makipag-ugnayan
sa lungsod o munisipyo
tungkol sa pagtatapon
• Pabuya
• Buwanang
ulat
BAHAGI NG PAGPAPATUPAD
•
Maglagay ng isang
sistema para
sa koleksyon
Iukol ang mga hangarin at istratehiya
Figure 4. Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, Tagalog
____________________________________________________________________________________
19
Final Report
KARAGDAGANG DETALYE SA PAMAMARAAN NG
PAMAMAHALA NG BASURA O SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
(SWM) PARA SA MGA BARANGAY (RA 9003)
Miyembro ng Komite ng Barangay Para sa
Tagapangulo ng SWM
1) Isang kagawad
2) Tagapangulo ng sangguniang kabataan
3) Pangulo ng asosasyon ng may-ari ng bahay
4) Punong-guro ng paaralang pampribado o
pampubliko o ang kanilang kinatawan
5) 1 pangulo ng Parent-Teacher Association o
kinatawan
6) 1 kinatawan ng organisasyon ng mga
relihiyon o simbahan
7) 1 kinatawan ng komunidad ng negosyo
8) 1 kinatawan ng pangkalikasang NGO
9) Pangulo ng asosasyon ng mga nagtitinda sa
palengke
10) 1 kinatawan ng may-ari ng junkshop
Pagreresikio
•
Ilista ang mga uri ng mga
materyales na muling
magagamit na nasa
hanay ng mga
hinahangad na bawasan
•
Gumawa ng programa at
plano ng pagpapatupad
na nagpapatupad ng mga
hakbang king saan ang
mga layunin ay
maisasakatuparan
Gawain ng Komite ng SWM
1) Bumuo ng programang SWM na naaayon sa plano
ng munisipyo sa lungsod
2) Pagbubukod at pangongolekta ng mga nabubulok
at nareresiklong na basura
3) Magtayo ng Materials Recovery Facility
4) Maglaan ng pondo sa barangay, humanap ng
mapagkukunan ng pondo
5) Bumuo ng mangungunang grupo
6) Magpasa ng buwanang ulat sa lungsod o sa
munisipyo
Pagbabawas sa
Pinanggagalingan ng Basura
•
Pumili ng stratehiya sa
pagbabawas ng basura
mula sa pinanggalingan
at ang hakbang sa
pagpapatupad ng mga
stratehiya
•
Pumili ng nararapat na
teknolohiya sa
pagbabawas ng basura
•
Ilista ang mga uri ng
basura na dapat bawasan
Composting
•
Ilista ang mga uri ang mga
materyales na gagawing
pataba sa ilalim ng plano ng
lungsod/ munisipyo ukol sa
SWM
•
Gumawa ng programa at
plano ng pagpapatupad na
nagpapakita ng mga
hakbang upang
maisakatuparan ang mga
layunin
Koleksiyon at Paglilipat ng Basura
1) Tiyakin ng barangay na isandaang porsiyento ang koleksyon ng basura, sa iba’t iba nitong uri, sa mga
nasasakupang kabahayan, komersyal, industriya at agrikulturang lugar
2) Pumili ng natatanging stratehiya at gawain sa ilalim ng mga barangay na binibigyang pansin ang mga sumusunod na
malasakit:
i)
Porbisyon ng mga maayos na disenyo ng mga lalagyan sa mga piling lugar ng koleksyon para sa
pansamantalang pagiimbak ng panapon habang naghihintay sa paglilipat sa huling luga ng tapunan.
ii)
Paghihiwa-hiwalay ng iba’t-ibang klase ng panapon para sa muling paggamit, puwedent iresiklo at
nabubulok.
iii)
Pagbibiyahe at paglilipat ng mga panapon mula sa pinanggalaingan hanggang sa huling lugar ng tapunan.
iv)
Paglalabas at pagpapatupad ng mga ordinansa para maayos na maipatupad and sisterna ng koleksyon sa
mga barangay.
v)
Paghahanda ng mga sinanay na mabuti ng mga opisyales at manggagawa para marnahala sa pagtatapon
ng panapon.
3) Pinakamababang Batayan
i)
Ang tauhan ay dapat nakasuot ng kagamitang pangproteksyon at iba pang kasuotan.
ii)
Pagsasanay na ibinigay ng DOH.
iii)
Iwasan ang pagkasira ng mga lalagyan ng papapon o ang pagkakalat ng panapon sa loob ng
pinagkokolektahan ng basura.
iv)
Ang mga ginagamit sa pangungulekta at pagbibiyahe ng solid waste ay dapat ayusin, patakbuhin at
panatilihin sa tamang kondisyon para mabawasan ang panganib sa buhay at kaligtasan.
v)
Ang mga kagamitan ay dapat panatilihin sa tamang kondisyon at panatilihing malinis para maiwasan ang
pagkalat at pag-akit sa mga nagdadala ng sakit at ang paglikha ng mga peste.
vi)
Gumamit ng panghiwalay o kung hindi ang sasakyan ay dapat may kompartment saw paghihiwalay ng
basura habang inililipat. Ang kompartment ay dapay may takip.
vii)
Ang sasakyan ay dapat binuo nang naaayon sa sukat, kondisyon at kapasidad ng kalsada para matiyak
ang kaligtas an.at maayos na koleksyon at pagbibiyahe ng solid waste.
viii)
Dapat ang sasakyan ay may numero, pangalan at telepono ng ahensyang kumukuha ng solid waste.
Figure 5. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, Tagalog
____________________________________________________________________________________
20
Edukasyon at Pampublikong Impormasyon
1) Ang mga malasakit ay magtuturo at magbibigay
ng impormasyon sa mga mamamayan ng
barangay tungkol sa programa ng pagbabawas
ng pinanggagalingan, paggamit muli, at
pagbubulok ng panapon.
2) Tiyakin na ang impormasyon sa mga serbisyo ng
pangungolekta ng panapon, pamamalakad sa
solid waste at kaugnay na kalusugan at
pangkalikasan ay malawakang maipaalam sa
publiko.
Pagpapatakbo ng Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
1)
2)
3)
Kapangyarihan na Mangulekta ng Bayad sa
Pamamahala ng Basura
4)
Ang lokal na SWM Board/ lokal na SWM cluster
board ay dapat magtakda ng kaukulang bayad
sa serbisyo ng SWM na itinakda ng LGU. Sa
pagtatakda ng mga bayad dapat isama ng lokal
na board ang halaga na direktang may
kaugnayan sa pagpapatupad ng plano ng SWM
at ang lugal at koleksyon ng mga lokal na
bayad. Ang kapangyarihang magtakda ng
bayad ay maaaring ipagkaloob sa mga
pribadong sektor at sa grupo ng civil society.
5)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Ang butaw ay ibabayad para sa halaga ng pagaayos, pag-aangkop at pagapapatupad ng
plano ng SWM na naaayon sa batas. Ang
butaw ay gagamitin din sa pagbabayad sa
aktwal na halaga na nakuha sa pangongolekta
ng mga bayad at sa pagsuporta sa proyekto.
Batayan ng butaw para sa SWM
a) Uri ng basura, kasama ang natatanging na
basura.
b) Dami ng basura.
c) Layo ng pinaglipatang istasyon sa pasilidad ng
waste management.
d) Kakayahan o uri ng kliyente o konsumer ng
LGU.
e) Halaga ng pagbubuo.
f)
Halaga ng pamamahala.
g) Uri ng teknolohiya.
•
•
6)
i.
7)
i.
ii.
•
•
Koleksiyon ng Butaw
Ang barangay ay maaaring magtakda ng butaw para
sa koleksyon at paghihiwa-hiwalay ng mga
nabubulok at maaaring gamiting muli na basura
na galing sa tahanan, negosyo, at iba pang
pinanggagalingan ng galing sa basura, at sa
paggamit ng Barangay MRFs. Ang
komputasyon ng mga butaw ay gagawin ng mga
SWM boards. Ang paraan ng pangungulekta ng
butaw ay naaayon sa alituntunin ng Commission
on Audit sa koleksyon ng butaw.
Final Report
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
Responsibilidad ng barangay ang pangongolekta ng ipinaghiwalay na basurang
nabubulok at nareresiklo. Ang MRF ay itinatagubilin sa bawat barangay o grupo
ng mga magkakalapit na barangay.
Magsagawa ng MRF sa mga pag-aari ng barangay o inuupahang lupain o kahit
saang maayos na lugar na malalaman ng mga barangay sa pamamagitan ng
kanyang sanggunian.
Sa MRF tinatanggap ang mga nabubulok la basura na gagawing pataba at
pagsamahin ang di-nabubulok na basura para sa huling paghihiwa-hiwalay,
paggamit muli, at pagreresikio. Ipagpalagay na ang bawat klase ng
pinagsamang basura ay kinuha sa pinagmulan at dinala sa MRF sa hiwalay na
lalagyan.
Isalin ang resulta ng mga basura. Ang mga isinalin na basura ay ililipat sa
mahabang termino ng pag-iimbak o sa pasilidad ng tapunan ng basura o sanitary
landfill.
Ang MRF ay dapat ginawa para tumanggap, magbukod, magproseso, at magimbak ng gagawing pataba at materyales na nareresiklo ng maayos at sa
makakalikasang paraan. Ang mga sumusunod na konsiderasyon ay dapat
sundin:
Ang gusali at ang pagkakaayos ng lupa at mga kagamitan ay dapat idisenyo para
matanggap nang maayos at ligtas ang proseso, pag-iimbak ng mga materyales.
Ang gusali ay dapat ginawa para sa maayos at matalinong panlabas na acess at
sa pagtanggap sa panloob na daloy.
King kasama sa MRF ang operasyon sa pagbubulok, dapat ito ay naaayon sa
probisyon ng Seksiyon 2.
Ang mga sumusunod ay dapat itago at panatilihin para isumite sa DENR kapag
hiningi
Listahan ng araw-araw na timbang at dami ng basura na natanggap, naproseso
at inaalis sa lugar na eksakto sa loob ng 10% at tama para sa pangkalahatang
pagpaplano ng mga layunin.
Pang-araw araw na listahan o papeles ng mga sumusunod na impormasyon ay
dapat panatilihin, sunog at iba panbg espesyal na pangyayari, walang permisong
bagahe, sakuna at pagkisira ng mga pag-aari.
Pamantayan para sa Kalidad ng Pataba
Ang nabubulk na materyales ay dapat naaayon sa mga batayan para sa
organikong pataba na itinakda ng DA, walang halong nakakalasong kemikal.
Pinakamahabang Alituntunin para sa Pagpapatakbo ng Pasilidad sa Pagbubulok
Ang pasilidad ay hindi dapat itayo sa lugar na malimit na binabaha maiwasan ang
pagbaha sa pasilidad
Leachate at tuyong pagkontrol
Ang pasilidad ay dapat dinesenyo nang sa ganon ay maraming nabubulok,
windrows, mga tira at naprosesong materyales na hindi mapasama sa mga
dinala ng bagyo.
King saan ang mga sobrang imbakan ng leachate ay maihanda, pagtatapon ng
leachate sa kahit saang bahagi ng tubig ay ipinagbabawal maliban kung naabot
nito ang batayan ng DENR.
Dapat isama ang probisyon sa pagkontrol sa peste, amoy, kalat, at alikabok.
Ang pagtatago ng mga talaan ay dapat panatilihin sa lahat ng oras ng naaayon
sa Seksyon 2(b) kung IRR ng regulasyon.
Ang mga natitira ay dapat pamahalaan at itapon bilang basura.
Ang temperatura ng compost piles, curing piles at naprosesong composts ay
dapat panatilihin sa ligtas na lebel para maiwasan ang tuloy-tuloy na pagsusunog
ng basura.
Ang kondisyong aerobic ay dapat panatilihin para maiwasan ang paglikha ng
mapanganib na hangin katulad ng methane.
Ang Koleksyon at Pagpapanatili ng Butaw
Ang koleksyon sa mga multa sa ilalim ng penal
provisions of the Act ay maaaring gawin ng mga
lokal na SWM Board/ lokal na SWM Cluster
Board o ng ibang grupo ng mga tao na nabigyan
ng karapatan dito. Ang koleksyon ay dapat may
resibo. Maaaring panatilihin ng lokal na SWM
Board/ lokal na SWM Cluster Board ang 40% ng
nakulektang bayad sa multa at ibalik ang 60%
sa SWM Fund na itinakda sa Act.
Figure 5. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, Tagalog (continued)
____________________________________________________________________________________
21
Final Report
Mga Ipinanagbabawal na Gawain at ang Katumbas na Multa at Kaparusahan
Ipinagbabawal na Gawain
Pagkakalat, pagtatapon ng mga basura sa mga pampublikong
lugar tulad ng kalsada, sidewalks, mga kanal, mga ester o mga
parke at establisimiyento.
Multa
Pagbabayad ng halagang di
bababa sa tatlong daang piso
(P300) at di lalagpas sa isang
libong piso (P1000).
Parusa
Pagsasagawa ng serbisyong
pangkomunidad na hindi bababa
sa isang (1) araw at hindi lalagpas
sa labing-limang (15) araw sa LGU
kung saan nagawa ang
ipinagbabawal, o pareho.
Mga gawain o pagpapatakbo, pangungulekta o pagbibiyahe ng
mga kagamitan na labag sa operasyon ng paglilinis at iba pang
hinihingi ng gawaing ito.
bababa sa tatlong daang piso
(P300) at di lalagpas sa isang
libong piso (P1000).
Pagkakakulong nang hindi bababa
sa isang araw at hindi lalagpas sa
labing-limang (15) araw o pareho.
bababa sa isang libong piso
(P1000) at di lalagpas sa
tatlong libong piso (P3000).
Pagkakabilanggo ng hindi bababa
sa labing-limang (15) araw at hindi
lalagpas sa anim na buwan.
Para sa unang paglabag, ang
pagmumulta ng limang daang
piso at halagang di bababa
sa limang porsiyento (5%)
ngunit di lalagpas sa
sampung porsiyento (10%)
ng kanyang kabuuang
taunang kita ng nakaraang
taon.
Para sa pangalawang paglabag,
may dagdag na karapatang
kaparusahan ng pagkakabilanggo
na hindi bababa sa isang (1) taon
at hindi lalagpas sa tatlong taon
(3) na naaayon sa korte.
bababa sa sampung libong
piso (P10,000) at di lalagpas
sa dalawang daang libong
piso (P200,000).
Pagkakabilanggo nang hindi
bababa sa tatlumpung (30) araw at
hindi lalagpas sa tatlong (3) taon.
bababa sa isandaang libong
piso (P100,000) at di lalagpas
sa isang milyong piso
(P1,000,000.00).
Pagkakabilanggo nang hindi
bababa sa isang (1) taon at hindi
lalagpas sa anim (6) na taon.
Pagsusunog ng basura sa bukas na lugar.
Pagiging sanhi o pagtanggap ng koleksyon ng basura na hindi
hiwa-hiwalay.
Bukas na pagtatapon, pagsusunog ng mga nabubulok at hindi
nabubulok na bagay sa mgay binabahang lugar.
Walang pahintulot na pagtanggal ng mga nareresiklong bagay.
Ang paghahalo ng mga muling magagamit na materyales sa
ibang basura sa anumang sasakyan, kahon, o anumang lalagyan
na ginagamit sa koleksyon o pagtatapon ng basura.
Paggawa o pagpapatakbo ng mga bukas na tambakan na
ipinagbabawal sa RA 9003, o pagsasara ng nasabing tambakan
na labag sa Seksyon 37.
Ang paggawa, pagbabahagi o paggamit ng mga pambalot o
pangkahong materyales na hindi makakalikasan.
Pagpasok ng mga pambalot na produkto na hindi makakalikasan.
Pagpapasok ng mga nakakalasong basura na pinagkamalang
“nareresiklo” o “o maynilalamang nareresiklo.”
Pagbibiyahe at pagtatapon ng kinuhang basura ng tahanan,
industriya, ng negosyo at institusyon sa lugar na iba sa itinakda
sa ilalim ng RA 9003.
Paghahanda ng lugar, pagtatayo, pagpapalawak o pagpapatakbo
ng lugar na ayusan ng basura na walang Environmental
Compliance Certificate na ipinaguutos ng Presidential Decree
No. 1586, RA 9003 at hindi pagkumpirma sa planong paggamit
ng lupa ng LGU.
Pagtatayo ng anumang establisimiyento sa loob ng dalawang
metro mula sa bukas na tapunan ng basura o pinamamahalaang
basurahan.
Pagtatayo o pagpapatakbo ng mga pasilidad ng tapunan ng
basura sa anumang pinanggagalingan ng tubig at anumang
bahaging may tubig.
Pagtatalaga ng mga Pinuno ng Pamamahala ng Basura
Ang komisyon ay may karapatan na magtalaga ng mga tao, indibidwal para maging pinuno ng solid waste management.
Binibigyan sila ng karapatang hulihin ang sinumang lumalabag sa mga layunin at ipinag-uutos ng pagpapatupad sa RA9003.
Ang pagtatalaga ay dapat isailalim sa rekomendasyon ng Provincial Solid Waste Management Board at City/ Municipal Solid
Waste Management Boards.
Figure 5. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, Tagalog (continued)
____________________________________________________________________________________
22
Final Report
Waste Characterization Study (WACS)
RA 9003 requires communities throughout the
Philippines to:
• collect segregated waste: biodegradables
(nabubulok), recyclables (pwedeng irecycle), and residual waste (dapat itapon)
Cities and municipalities are required to:
• prepare a 10-year solid waste management
(SWM) plan to recycle the recyclables, to
compost/treat the biodegradables, and to
properly dispose the residual waste
Each city/municipality should conduct a study
to determine the quantity and composition of
waste disposed (WACS):
• quantity
• composition
• bulk density
• moisture content
The NSWMC has developed standardized
procedures that allow communities to conduct
low-cost, but reliable, analyses.
Composition of Disposed Waste from Low-Income
Residential Areas - Muntinlupa (February 2003, % wet wt)
Other Organic
10%
Other Inorganic
5%
Paper
11%
Yard Waste
11%
Glass
4%
Metal
4%
Kitchen/Food Waste
24%
Plastic
31%
Bulk Densities for Selected
Generators (kg/m3)
Composition of Disposed Waste from Markets - Muntinlupa
(February 2003, % wet wt)
Yard Waste
8%
Institutional:
91
Middle-Income Areas:
148
Markets:
325
Other Organic
10%
Paper
4%
Metal
1%
Kitchen/Food Waste
68%
Plastic
9%
The results of the waste characterization
study should be used by the city/
municipality to prepare its 10-year SWM
plan and design an ecological solid waste
management system that will meet the
needs of the community and the
requirements of RA 9003.
ADB TA 3848-PHI – Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 6. Fact Sheet on Waste Characterization Studies
____________________________________________________________________________________
23
Final Report
Recyclable Materials
Currently, recyclable materials are removed from the waste
stream and recycled at many points: prior to disposal at the
household, through segregated collection (e.g., by Eco-Aides),
during collection, at junk shops, at the disposal site, and others.
A wide range of materials are recycled. Nevertheless, large
quantities of potentially recyclable materials are still being
disposed. For example, the results of a waste characterization study conducted in Muntinlupa indicate that 16.7% of
the waste disposed by hotels and condominiums is paper, some
of which could be recycled.
RA 9003 states that recyclable materials should be segregated
at the source by residents, businesses, institutions, and
industry. Each barangay is responsible for promoting
segregated collection, and for identifying a facility to process
the recyclables – a Materials Recovery Facility, or MRF. A MRF
is to be established in every barangay or cluster of barangays.
The design of a MRF may range from a small storage area to a
facility with mechanical equipment, such as conveyors, a baler,
and a shredder.
Composition of Disposed Waste from
Hotels/Condominiums in Muntinlupa
PAPER
3.6%
Newspaper
2.5%
Office Paper/High Grade
6.5%
Mixed Paper
GLASS
4.1%
1.1%
Bottles & Containers
0.8%
Other Composite
0.3%
METALS
2.7%
Tin/Steel Cans
1.3%
Other Ferrous
0.7%
Aluminum Cans
0.7%
Other Non-Ferrous
PLASTIC
PET
HDPE
Film Plastic/LDPE
0.0%
29.2%
2.0%
0.8%
17.9%
Diapers
0.6%
Styrofoam
2.3%
PVC
2.1%
Other Composite
3.5%
OTHER ORGANIC
41.6%
Kitchen/Food Waste
21.0%
Yard/Landscape
15.9%
Wood
1.5%
Textiles
2.4%
Leather
0.0%
Tires/Rubber
0.2%
Animal Remains
0.0%
Foam
OTHER INORGANIC
0.6%
8.1%
Rock/Concrete/Brick
0.0%
Ceramic/Stone
0.9%
Soil/Sand
7.2%
Ash/Charcoal
0.0%
HAZARDOUS
0.8%
Small Batteries
In deciding what type of MRF is best for your
community, the following factors should be considered:
• type and quantity of materials taken to the facility
• land area available
• storage needs
• requirements of markets
• investment cost
• operating cost
16.7%
Cardboard/Paper Bags
Other Composite
SPECIAL
0.7%
0.1%
0.0%
Medical Wastes
0.0%
Electronic Appliances
0.0%
TOTAL
100.0%
Figure 7. Fact Sheet on Recycling
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24
Final Report
Biodegradable Materials
A high percentage of the waste generated and
disposed in the Philippines is readily
biodegradable, including:
• kitchen/food waste
• yard waste (garden waste)
• wood scraps
• natural-fiber textiles
• animal remains
RA 9003 states that biodegradables should be
segregated at the source of generation by
residents, businesses, institutions, and
industry. Results of a waste characterization
study show that the percentage of
biodegradable waste disposed in Muntinlupa
ranges from 28.6% to 86.2% per sector:
Composition of Disposed Waste in Muntinlupa
Uncontaminated kitchen/food
waste could be used:
• as animal feed (onsite, or
offsite in some cases)
• in composting for production
of a soil amendment
• in biogasification for
production of gas
• in other products or processes
Source of
Waste
Low-income areas
Middle-income areas
High-income areas
Offices
Industrial
Institutional
Markets
Kitchen/
Food
Waste
24.4%
17.2%
13.3%
21.0%
15.9%
9.8%
68.6%
Yard
Waste
10.8%
5.7%
30.9%
15.9%
4.4%
8.8%
7.6%
Other
Organic
Waste
9.6%
18.6%
5.1%
4.7%
18.9%
10.0%
10.0%
Totals
44.8%
41.5%
49.3%
41.6%
39.2%
28.6%
86.2%
Enclosed Trough
Windrows
Drum
Biodigester
In choosing a composting system, the
following factors should be considered:
• types of materials to be processed
• quantity of waste to be processed
• land area available
• distance from residents, businesses,
schools, or hospitals
• storage requirements for finished compost
• system to manage odors
• investment cost
• operating cost
Figure 8. Fact Sheet on Composting
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25
Final Report
Residual Waste
Proper disposal of residual waste is essential
for the protection of public health and the
environment. RA 9003 requires that cities/
municipalities collect residual waste for proper
disposal. Residual waste may consist of:
• non-biodegradable, non-recyclable waste
from generators (households, businesses,
etc.)
• non-biodegradable, non-recyclable waste
from MRFs or other processing facilities
Communities should make every effort to
reduce the amount of waste going to disposal
sites.
RA 9003 requires that communities improve
existing disposal facilities. Within 3 years of
the effectivity of RA 9003, open dumps must
either be closed or upgraded to controlled
dumps and, within 5 years, controlled dumps
must either be closed or upgraded to sanitary
landfills.
Controlled dumps must: have a well-maintained
access road; restrict waste to small working
areas; regularly cover waste using inert
material; control surface water, litter, and
waste picking; and maintain records.
Open Dump
Definitions in RA 9003
Open dump – disposal area
wherein the solid wastes are
indiscriminately thrown or
disposed of without due planning
and consideration for
environmental and health
standards
Sanitary Landfill
Methane Gas Collection and Venting
Clay Cap
Active
AreaDaily Cover
Gas Production
Compaction
Topsoil
Waste Cell
Gravel Bed
Leachate Collection
Pipes
Liner (clay or synthetic)
Groundwater Monitoring Well
Diagram of a Sanitary Landfill
Collection
Leachate Collection
Controlled dump – disposal site
at which solid waste is deposited
in accordance with the minimum
prescribed standards of site
operation
Sanitary landfill – disposal site
that is designed, constructed,
operated, and maintained in a
manner that exerts engineering
control over significant potential
environmental impacts arising
from the development and
operation of the facility
Figure 9. Fact Sheet on Disposal of Residual Waste
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26
Final Report
Figure 10. Tour of Materials Recovery Facility and Workshop Luncheon
After lunch, the children proceeded to the Parks and Wildlife Bureau compound on Quezon Avenue. At a
gazebo in the park, they participated in a poster-making contest. Based on what they saw and did in the
morning, they were asked to make a poster along the theme: what children can do to help in solid waste
management. They were divided into two age groups: 10 and below and 11-12 years. They were each
provided an illustration board, a box of oil pastels, pencil and eraser. Photos from the poster-making
contest are provided in Figure 11.
Figure 11. Poster-Making Contest
For each age group, first, second and third prizewinners were selected and given P1, 500; P1, 000; and
P500, respectively. The board of judges consisted of the resident artists from the NSWMC and PAO and
the ADB-TA’s team leader. Photos of the winning entries are presented in Figures 12 and 13.
____________________________________________________________________________________
27
Final Report
Figure 12. Winning Entries in the First Age Group (ages 11-12)
Figure 13. Winning Entries in the Second Age Group (ages 10 and below)
3.4.5
TV Plugs
The DENR Secretary and the NSWMC have identified the production of TV, radio, and cinema plugs as a
priority outreach strategy. The ADB team participated in revisions to an existing 60-second TV plug on
MRF’s. The TV plug was scheduled to be shown on all free channels (8 channels) and aired prior to the
National Conference for Barangays held April 14-15, 2003.
In addition, the ADB project team has agreed to participate in the production of two TV plugs. The plugs
being considered are the first and second of four that the Secretary of DENR commissioned Bantay
Kalikasan, a foundation of the ABS-CBN Network that aims to help protect the environment, to prepare to
be aired in 2003. The themes will be:
1.
2.
3.
4.
SWM is my personal responsibility for which Sen. Jovito Salonga will be featured
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo encouraging children to properly manage their waste
Local governments implementing solid waste management
Maids doing proper solid waste management at home
See Annex 6 for the tentative scripts. DENR is negotiating with PIA regarding the airing of the TV plugs,
and expects to air the plugs on Channels 2 and 26 of ABS-CBN, as well as Channels 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 21 and
23. ABS-CBN has agreed to air the TV plug at no cost for a month.
The first TV plug (SWM is my personal responsibility) aired beginning in August 2003, and the second
(encouraging children to properly manage waste) is expected to air in during the fall of 2003.
3.4.6
Text Messaging
Text messaging is a very effective way of communicating in the Philippines. The consultants recognized
this and have negotiated with Wireless Services Asia (WSA) to develop a series of messages with
____________________________________________________________________________________
28
Final Report
attractive icons that will be broadcast through the Globe Telecom system. Globe Telecom agreed to do so
for free, provided that they were allowed to promote their corporate name in the process.
The broadcasts were run from June 4 through June 30, from 8 am to 4 pm daily. Approximately 1 million
subscribers received the broadcast during the period, which featured solid waste management tips and a
menu of related content downloads for their handsets (the content of the text messages is provided in
Annex 7). Each of the subscribers received the three-part SMS at least four to five times, each time with
different tips and menus. The total number of DENR downloads for the month of June was 109,102, which
was considered by WSA to indicate a high level of interest.
Future broadcasts are planned for September 2003 in conjunction with World Clean-up Month, and in April
2004 in conjunction with Earth Month.
3.4.7
Press Releases
Press releases concerning the consultant’s activities such as the waste characterization studies, the MOA
signing with the local LGU’s, the workshop/seminar on the 10-year SWM Plan for the LGU’s, and the MRF
Tour were prepared. See Annex 8 for copies of articles that have been published about the activities of
the project team.
3.4.8
Refrigerator Magnet
The project team is sponsoring the production of refrigerator magnets promoting segregation. The
magnets were designed by DENR-EEI. DENR is funding the production of 2,000 magnets, and an
additional 4,000 are being sponsored by the ADB project. The magnets will be distributed to government
offices, LGUs, business leaders, and other community leaders. The design of the magnet is shown in
Figure 14.
Figure 14. Refrigerator Magnet Promoting Segregation
3.4.9
Subliminal Messages
The consultants met with representatives of Bantay Kalikasan, a foundation of the ABS-CBN Network that
aims to help protect the environment, regarding the inclusion of on-going messages regarding waste
management in television programs that are widely viewed, such as telanovelas and game shows. The
foundation acknowledged the importance of using the television media to promote environmental
awareness and agreed that the messages would be more effective if they were presented as on-going
activities on the soap operas, e.g., a change in lifestyle, rather than a single episode focusing on the
subject. Various scenarios were discussed, including having recycling bins at the location and showing
the stars of the shows recycling materials rather than disposing of them, and having recycling posters
displayed on the set. In addition, Bantay Kalikasan indicated that they have included environmental
questions on game shows, and welcomed suggestions in that area.
____________________________________________________________________________________
29
Final Report
During the months after meeting with Bantay Kalikasan, these types of messages have been incorporated
into some television shows. The consultants have been the recipients of comments from people that they
have noticed some of the changes on the shows. The 3-year communications plan suggests that the work
with Bantay Kalikasan be continued and that other stations be contacted.
3.4.10 Journal Article
As part of the outreach towards business, the consultant contributed an article on the role of business in
solid waste management in the magazine, Business and Environment, published quarterly by the
Philippine Business for the Environment. The journal’s readership consists of corporate executives and
environmental management experts in industry. See Annex 9 for a copy of the article.
3.5 THREE-YEAR COMMUNICATIONS PLAN
A framework was prepared for a three-year communications plan for the NSWMC. Strategies were
developed, a draft framework was prepared, cost information was collected, and a schedule was prepared.
3.5.1
Strategies
A summary of the strategies for the communications plan is presented in Table 4. The consultants in
cooperation with the IEC WORKING GROUP developed the strategies. The strategies build on the issues
identified during the project, in particular the need of decision-makers for accurate, reliable information,
and the need to motivate the general public to action through increased awareness.
Table 4. Summary of Strategies for Communications Plan
Message Concepts
Waste Costs -- the cost associated with
improper management of waste
Lives
Health
Resources
Money
Quality of life
RA 9003 – stressing the need to work
together to solve the problem of waste
management
Paper, glass, plastic bottles should be
recycled
Food waste should be composted (or
used as animal feed in some cases)
Residual waste should be disposed in a
proper disposal site
Primary Target Groups
Influential groups, i.e., on those that
have an impact on the behaviour of
others
Government officials
Civic organizations
Business leaders
Media
Primary Purpose
Provide accurate
information
Young school children
Heighten
awareness
General public
Increase
awareness,
motivation
A primary purpose of including the media as a primary target group is to provide them with unbiased,
factual information regarding waste management and, thereby, hopefully counteract some of the
misinformation that is prevalent. In the past, most of the coverage on waste management has been
negative, e.g., covering the landslide at Payatas, protests in Antipolo, the Semirara barge, etc. The goal is
to develop a relationship so that when questions arise, the media already have resources at their disposal
and also know whom to contact for information.
A secondary purpose is to gain exposure to the general public through the media. According to the Public
Affairs Office, it is difficult to gain extensive, front-page coverage without a crisis, scandal, or celebrity.
Efforts should be made to create events that the media will want to cover. The children’s MRF tour was
well attended by the media, and representatives indicated that they would like to see similar events in the
future.
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30
Final Report
A framework for the communications plan was prepared by the consultants (see Table 5). The framework
incorporates current plans by DENR, recommendations from the IEC Working Group, and suggestions
made to the consultants by LGU’s and others. It includes activities by the ADB team as part of the project,
as well as future activities to be undertaken by DENR. The document was presented to the Working
Group for comment.
Cost information for the various activities is presented in Table 6. The information was used to develop the
budget for the activities conducted under the TA, as well as to project the costs associated with the
communications plan.
A schedule of activities and estimated cost for the suggested communications plan are presented in Table
7.
3.5.2
Effectiveness Monitoring
It is important that the implementation of programs and IEC activities be monitored and the effectiveness of
the strategies assessed. The monitoring method depends on the purpose of the IEC activity and its
intended audience. IEC activities can generally be grouped into two categories:
General – intended to increase awareness of an issue, to motivate the audience to a behavioral
change in lifestyle, etc.
Specific – in conjunction with the implementation of a specific program or activity, and intended to
motivate the audience to a specific one-time or recurring action
Because of their very nature, it is more difficult to monitor the effectiveness of IEC activities that target a
lifestyle change rather than a specific action. Nevertheless, programs can be implemented to do so.
Although there are many methods that can be used to assess the impact of an IEC activity, they generally
are grouped into the following categories: (1) opinion survey of audience; (2) response to the IEC activity;
and (3) behavioral change.
Opinion survey of audience – The most effective survey is one that assesses public opinion prior to
the outreach activity and after the IEC activity, or alternatively only after the IEC activity. The
participant is queried on attitude and knowledge of the subject. In addition, if more than one tool has
been used (e.g., billboards and TV spots), questions can be directed to identify which tools have
reached the participant and which have motivated a change in behavior. This method of assessment
is subjective because it is based on the responses from participants, and depending on how it is
structured may not be representative of the entire population. It is time consuming and can be costly,
but can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of both General and Specific IEC activities. Public
opinion can be assessed through other means, such as community meetings or focus groups.
____________________________________________________________________________________
31
Final Report
Table 5. Framework for Three-Year Communications Plan
Target Group
DENR offices
Activity
Fact sheets on SWM to
offices
Purpose
Provide factual
information on
SWM
Schedule
1 fact sheet every 2
months
Govt. agencies
Calendar for 2003
(2000)
Refrigerator magnet
(2000)
Various aspects
of RA 9003
Various aspects
of RA 9003
Mar 03
Meetings with City
officials
Inform officials re
rqmts. of RA
9003
Inform officials re
rqmts. of RA
9003
Provide easy-toread information
on RA 9003
Assist LGU’s in
preparing 10-yr
SWMPs
Provide
recognition of
efforts
Inform
community
leaders on
various aspects
of SWM
On-going, Feb/Mar
03
LGU officials
Training seminars with
Brgy. officials
Handout with
translation of RA 9003
Seminar/workshops on
SWMPs
Recognition program
Civic organizations
Fact sheets
(informative handouts)
Recognition program
Resource speakers
Business leaders
Provide
recognition of
efforts
Offer resource
speakers for
meetings
Fact sheets
(informative handouts)
Inform business
leaders on
various aspects
of SWM
Recognition program
Provide
recognition of
efforts
Offer resource
speakers for
meetings
Resource speakers
Coordination with PBE
Inform business
leaders on
various aspects
of SWM
Sep 03
Responsible Entity
EMB EEI (ADB
team to assist
during Feb/Apr/Jun
03)
EMB EEI
EMB EEI (ADB
team to fund
additional magnets)
NSWMC
On-going, Feb/Mar
03
NSWMC
Apr 03 (in
conjunction with
seminar)
Mar 03
ADB team
Mar 03 –
distribution list
Apr 03 –
distribution of 1st
fact sheet, then
once/quarter
ADB team to
develop distribution
list and Apr/Jun fact
sheets. NSWMC to
continue.
Publicized in
conjunction with
distribution of fact
sheets
May 03 –
distribution list
Jun 03 –
distribution of 1st
fact sheet,
once/quarter
thereafter
ADB team to initiate.
NSWMC to
continue.
Publicized in
conjunction with
distribution of fact
sheets
Initiate Mar 03, ongoing thereafter.
NSWMC to
continue.
ADB team
ADB team to
develop distribution
list and Jun fact
sheet. NSWMC to
continue.
____________________________________________________________________________________
32
Final Report
Table 5. Framework for Three-Year Communications Plan (continued)
Target Group
Media
Activity
Press releases
Purpose
Inform media
about key issues
Press conferences
Promote interest
in positive SWM
activities
Inform media
about existing CB
SWM practices
Instructional
materials for use
in classrooms
Provide a fun
activity to
heighten
awareness
Tours to
MRF’s/workshop
Children (4-12
years)
School module
Competition
Tour to MRF
School clubs
General public
TV spots
Cinema spots
Radio spots
Subliminal TV
messages on telanovellas and game
shows
Text messaging
Inform children
about existing CB
SWM practices
Provide medium
for hands-on
training
Increase
awareness,
motivation
Increase
awareness,
motivation
Increase
awareness,
motivation
Increase
awareness,
motivation
Increase
awareness among
Class A-C
Print ads
Billboards
Other
Website
National Ecology
Center
Provide resource
materials to all
sectors
Provide resource
materials to all
sectors
Schedule
On going, as
warranted. Goal is
at least 1 press
release per quarter
On-going, as
warranted
Responsible Entity
EMB EEI to continue.
Apr/Jun 03,
continue 1/yr
thereafter
Dec 03 (prototype
already prepared)
ADB team, NSWMC
Options: (1) help to
promote an existing
competition in an
LGU or (2)
implement a
competition to be
held in Jun 03
Apr 03
ADB team in
cooperation with
other entities
On-going, start w
release of school
module (Sep 03)
3 to be prepared
this year, 1 per yr
thereafter
Jun 03, 1 per yr
thereafter
EMB EEI, NSWMC
Sep 03. 1 per yr
thereafter
EMB EEI
On-going effort;
provide suggestions
to Bantay Kalikasan
periodically (e.g.,
once each quarter)
Currently assessing
this as an option
ADB team working in
conjunction with
Bantay Kalikasan
Currently assessing
this as an option
Currently assessing
this as an option
Design is to begin
in Mar 03
Undergoing
evaluation
EMB EEI to continue.
EMB EEI
ADB team
MSWMC (2), ADB
team (1), in
cooperation w PIA
EMB EEI, in
cooperation with PIA
ADB team
ADB team
ADB team, NSWMC
Table 6. Cost Information for Some Types of IEC Activities
____________________________________________________________________________________
33
Item
Billboards, 4’x8’, full colour, production
Bus rental
Radio plug, 30 sec., production
TV plug, 30 sec., production
Airtime, 30 sec.
Print ads, full page
Print ads, half page
Description
G.I. sheet, double face
G.I. sheet, single face
Plywood, double face
Plywood, single face
Panaplex
Tarpaulin
33-seater, air-conditioned, 10 hrs,
Metro Manila only
55-seater, air-conditioned, 10 hrs,
Metro Manila only
PIA
Private
PIA
Private
Govt. rate
Private rate
Bulletin, Inquirer, Phil. Star, Business
World
Malaya, Standard, Manila Times
People’s Tonight, Taliba, Balita
Bulletin, Inquirer, Phil. Star, Business
World
Malaya, Standard, Manila Times
Final Report
Unit Price (Php)
4,800 & up
3,800 & up
3,000 & up
2,000 & up
23,000 & up
5,000 & up
6,000
6,500
25,000
60,000
80,000
180,000
400 to 600
1,000 to 1,500
145,000
95,000
50,000
72,000
46,000
Response to IEC activity – This method assesses the effectiveness of the IEC strategy through an
analysis of the responses to the activity itself. For example, the effectiveness of a resource speaker
bureau may be assessed by the number of requests for speakers, a school competition by the
number of participants, a media tour by the number of articles, text messaging by the number of
downloads. This method is an indication of interest in the activity itself or in the subject matter, and
may be useful if the goal of the IEC activity is to increase awareness. However, if the goal is a
behavioral change, this method may not present an accurate picture of the effectiveness of the IEC
activity.
Behavioral change – Data is collected prior to and after the IEC activity, and the change in behavior is
determined, usually quantitatively. For example, if the IEC campaign target littering in the commercial
district in Makati, the quantity of waste collected by street sweepers is determined (either on a weight
basis or volume basis) prior to and after the campaign. Similarly, if an education campaign is
conducted in conjunction with the implementation of segregated collection in a barangay, an analysis
can be conducted of segregation efficiency. If different IEC strategies are used in two barangays
(e.g., door-to-door canvassing and community meetings), a comparative assessment can be made
assuming that other factors (e.g., income level) are equal.
It is important that the effectiveness of IEC activities be monitored, but it is also important that the
monitoring program be designed based on the type of IEC activity, the audience, and the goal of the
activity.
____________________________________________________________________________________
34
Final Report
Table 7. Schedule of Activities and Estimated Cost for Three-year Communications Plan
Activity
Calendar
Fact sheets
Fact sheets
Fact sheets
Audience
Govt. agencies,
LGUs
Govt. offices
Civic
organizations
Businesses
Materials for
LGUs
Ecology Centers
Press releases, Media
fact sheets,
photos, other
resources
Print ads
General public
Remarks
500 copies
200 copies
200 copies,
distribution
200 copies,
distribution
Copies of
updated
materials
To be sent
electronically
Frequency
alternatin
g years
6/yr-1
2/yr
2/yr
500
copies/ yr,
17 LGUs
4/yr
Broadsheet, 1/8- 4/yr
page
Print ads
General public
Tabloid, 1/4-page 4/yr
Recognition
Varies each year Cash prizes,
1/yr
program in
(LGUs,
plaques
association with barangays,
Environment
businesses,
Month
civic
organizations)
Refrigerator
Govt. agencies, 2000 copies
alternatin
magnets
LGUs, civic
g years
organizations,
businesses
Resource
Civic
Honorarium paid
speakers
organizations,
by organization
businesses
School
Children,
Publicity, prizes 1/yr
competition in
targeting
association with different age
Earth Day
groups each
year
Spots, cinema General public
Production/airti alternatin
me
g years
Spots, radio
General public
Production/airti 2/yr
me
Spots, TV
General public
Production/airti 1-2/yr
me
Subliminal TV
General public
No cost, requires
messages
contacts and
information
Text messages General public
No cost, requires
contacts and
information
Tour/workshop Media, children Children's tour, 1/yr
to processing
media invited
facility
Workshops
LGU officials
30 participants, 1/yr
food, venue,
handouts
Totals
Unit
Price
(Php)
130
Cost
Year 1
(Php)
Cost
Cost Year
Year 2
3 (Php)
(Php)
65,000
200
1,000
1,200
4,000
1,200
4,000
1,200
4,000
1,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
500
8,500
8,500
8,500
15,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
7,000
50,000
28,000
28,000
50,000
28,000
50,000
20
40,000
50,000
50,000
600,000
600,000
25,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
80,000
160,000
160,000
160,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
21,000
21,000
21,000
21,000
1,076,700
40,000
50,000
50,000
600,000
551,700 1,126,700
____________________________________________________________________________________
35
Final Report
3.6 RECOMMENDATIONS
3.6.1
IEC Working Group
The IEC Working Group should continue to play an important role in solid waste management planning for
Metro Manila. The ADB project team recommends that the Working Group continue to meet on a regular
basis. The primary objective of the Group would be the development and implementation of an integrated
IEC strategy in Metro Manila.
Specific recommendations are as follows:
1. Continue to hold meetings of IEC Working Group at a frequency of one meeting every two months.
The Director of the DENR-EMB-Environmental Education & Information Office (EEIO) would chair
the Working Group.
2. Include representation from the following entities:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC)
DENR-EMB-Environmental Education & Information Office (EEIO)
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
Metro Manila Local Governments (LGU)
Non-government organizations (NGO)
The Working Group should include one representative from each of the agencies in a-f, three
representatives from local government, and two representatives from NGOs.
3. Gradually expand the focus/role of the Working Group. The focus of the Working Group should
gradually be expanded towards the development and implementation of an integrated IEC strategy
for Metro Manila. Steps that could be taken towards this goal include:
a. Report on actual activities -- Members report at each meeting on IEC activities that have
been and are being conducted related to solid waste management. A summary of these
reports should be compiled and distributed to each agency.
b. Report on planned activities – Reporting on activities (messages, strategies, and target
groups) before they are conducted would enable other agencies to plan activities that
would build on these activities.
c. Coordinate the planning process – During this stage, members of the Working Group
would meet during the development stage of their individual IEC strategies.
d. Develop an integrated plan – The goal would be an integrated communications plan in
which all of the agencies play a part. In the plan, a coordinated message would be
developed. The plan would identify: strategies, target groups, responsible entity,
schedule, and monitoring strategy.
3.6.2
General
Based on the results of the work conducted in preparing an IEC strategy for the NSWMC, the following
general recommendations are made related to community awareness:
IEC activities should be integrated with infrastructure that exists or being implemented. In order for
an outreach program to be effective, it must promote actions on the part of the audience that are
available to him or her and that are feasible. For example, little value is gained if residents are
encouraged to segregate their waste, but the collection system for segregated collection has not
been implemented.
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36
Final Report
The message being disseminated needs to be coordinated among the agencies and entities
involved in waste management. Based on comments received, the messages currently being
disseminated by national, regional, and local agencies and by NGOs leads to confusion.
The IEC strategy adopted by the NSWMC needs to be realistic and sustainable. An on-going effort
is needed in order to promote a change in behavior that is long lasting. Consequently, the plan
needs to be well conceived, and adopt strategies that are realistic given the human and financial
resources available.
IEC materials prepared by the NSWMC and other agencies need to be made available to interested
LGUs, NGOs, and other stakeholders. Whenever possible, copies of the resources should be sent
to each of the LGUs for inclusion in their Ecology Centers. A listing of available resources should
be made available to all interested parties.
The outreach activities of the NSWMC need to be developed and implemented in cooperation with
stakeholders including other agencies, LGUs, and NGOs. Means of enhancing cooperation that
have been discussed previously, including inclusion of representatives in the IEC working group,
the conduct of seminars and workshops, dissemination of Fact Sheets and other relevant
information, implementation of a program to recognize efforts, and making a list of resource
speakers available.
4
Strategy Related to Disposal
An analysis of waste disposal was conducted as a separate component to the project. There has been a
significant lack of available information about Metro Manila solid waste management systems, particularly
reliable data on disposal. In order to fill in the gap, the consultants collected data about the current
situation of disposal systems in Metro Manila and then structured the information in such a way as to be
able to make a professional assessment.
The initial data they generated included technical descriptions of 15 dumpsites (9 operational dumpsites, 6
inactive dumpsites) that receive the residual waste of Metro Manila. The results of the assessment
highlighted key sub-sector issues for which recommendations have been made.
Key issues were identified during the disposal analysis, and a proposed strategy developed. Because of
their importance to the IEC strategy, they are briefly summarized here.
4,1
KEY ISSUES
4.1.1
Issue 1: Existing Disposal Facility Deficiencies
Of the 15 dumpsites visited, 6 are inactive but with no closure and post-closure maintenance programs.
Communities now live on one of these sites, facing acute public health and environmental risk. Of the
remaining sites that are still operating, a number have over-steep slopes and are critically unstable. The
open sites have inadequate fencing and signage, with about 4,000 waste pickers including children
allowed to operate without adequate protection. Leachate and gas emissions at these sites pose severe
public health risk to the surrounding communities in terms of air pollution and contamination of
groundwater and surface water -rivers, lagoons, or other water bodies.
4.1.2
Issue 2: Disposal Capacity Requirements
The remaining capacity of the dumpsites is estimated to run out by 2004, leaving Rodriguez as the only
remaining dumpsite after that, and Rodriguez may reach capacity by end of 2005 or sooner due to
increased use following the closure of the other dumpsites. Moreover, RA9003 mandates that all
controlled dumpsites should be closed by 2006. Sanitary landfill initiatives take years before they become
operational. Urgent progress is required to develop sanitary landfill initiatives for Metro Manila in order to
avert another disposal crisis.
____________________________________________________________________________________
37
4.1.3
Final Report
Issue 3: Regulatory Enforcement
Enforcement by regulatory agencies is constrained by a lack of technical information related to disposal
facilities and methodologies as well as financial constraints. Qualified resources and are encountering
difficulties in enforcing the penal provisions of RA9003. The waste disposal transition from dumpsites to
sanitary landfills also requires a significant infusion of technical capacity.
4.1.4
Issue 4: Institutions and Management
The six cities and municipalities operating their own dumpsites need financial and technical support to
meet the controlled dumpsite requirements of RA9003. The remaining 11 cities and municipalities contract
out waste disposal to the private sector. Issues relating to this situation include: (i) the need for closer
monitoring of private sector operations, (ii) the need for improved record-keeping procedures, (iii) the need
for enhanced private-sector contracting procedures and performance reviews, and (iv) improved access to
data access.
4.2
PROPOSED DISPOSAL STRATEGY
The proposed strategy directly relates to the key issues identified.
4.2.2
Action 1: Dumpsite Improvements
Both the active and inactive dumpsites need significant improvement in order to mitigate public health,
environmental and social impacts as well as meet the standards of RA9003 and DAO 98-49. The disposal
report identifies three sets of actions for waste disposal improvement: (i) emergency actions, (ii) short-term
improvement actions, and (iii) longer-term actions.
4.2.3
Action 2: Future Disposal Initiatives
Engineering assessments need to be undertaken immediately for the active dumpsites to accurately
estimate waste importation, available disposal capacity and remaining facility life. It should be noted that it
is critically important that longer-term regulatory-compliant sanitary landfill initiatives continue to be
pursued.
4.2.4
Action 3: Regulatory Strengthening
A web-based waste disposal facility database should be developed which could start with the data already
generated from the 15 dumpsites assessed by the ADB-TA project. The database should include
comprehensive technical documentation and be updated with ongoing inspection reports and actions. It
should be progressively expanded as additional sites are developed and identified.
Aside from the development of the database, a regulatory monitoring program should be established with
clear and measurable monitoring objectives, strategies and schedules. Technical resources should also
be developed to progressively build capacity to adequately enforce sanitary landfill regulations, which
require a higher level of technical proficiency.
4.2.5
Action 4: Institutional Reform
Cities and municipalities operating dumpsites should build operational capacity to implement short-term
dumpsite improvements and maintain sites in regulatory compliance.
Cities and municipalities contracting waste disposal should build operational capacity to improve
contracting procedures, regulate private sector waste disposal performance, and improve record keeping
and access to information.
4.3 IEC STRATEGY
This matter of proper disposal requires a strategic information, education and communication - (IEC) plan.
Considerable information has been generated from the ADB project that can be used in order to improve
the situation. However, how, when and to whom that information is delivered requires careful planning in
order to effectively make optimal use of the information.
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38
Final Report
An immediate response to the waste disposal report would be to publicize all the information to the general
public, hopefully to raise awareness about the current situation. One can argue that once people see the
horrors of the dumpsites they will respond by vigorously minimizing the waste that needs to be disposed
of. This strategy would be unrealistically optimistic and naïve because it is also quite likely that most
people will react by blaming the government of neglect and incompetence for allowing the situation to
arise. These people would be content to pass the blame but not initiate anything substantial to solve the
problem. This scenario will put the government on the defensive, a situation in which valuable resources
would be diverted to public relations efforts, resources that could be better put in improving the situation.
The strategic IEC plan the ADB consultants propose is to first bring all relevant government agencies
together and to use the technical information and recommendations of the project to develop a clearly
defined disposal improvement program for Metro Manila. Only when that program is finalized and
committed to by the key players would it be presented to the general public with the general message:
“The current waste disposal situation is unacceptable but we have a plan to reverse it. Please help us
implement it.”
This IEC plan would comprise three phases with each phase having a different specific core message,
target audience, and communications activity. At each phase, the above-mentioned key issues and
corresponding recommended actions constitute the principal message. However, at each phase, there’
would be a need to convince the specific target audience to accept the plan. Identified below are some
core messages that are intended to convince the target audience to adopt the plan and the corresponding
communications activity to deliver those messages.
The goal or the vision of the IEC plan is that within a very short time, the local government officials of
Metro Manila, with the guidance and support of the NSWMC, the DENR and MMDA, would be ready with a
strategic plan to mitigate the deficiencies of the current disposal system and can then solicit the support
and cooperation of the general public in implementing it.
4.3.1
Phase 1: Obtaining support of the core agencies
Mandated to ensure that solid waste is managed properly, to accept the plan and the commitment
to implement it
Core Messages:
o The current situation related to waste disposal is unacceptable, your office is mandated to
ensure proper disposal, and your office must initiate a plan to reverse the situation.
o Based on the budgets currently available for waste disposal, there will be available
financing to carry out the plan. Depending on how well you convince the LGU’s to realign
their budgets.
o The ADB technical data and recommendations can guide your office in developing the
rehabilitation plan.
o The principal role of your office is to facilitate the development of the plan and to monitor
the plan and its implementation; the principal actors are the LGU officials.
Target Audience:
o DENR Secretary
o EMB Director
o NSWMCmembers
o NSWMC Secretariat Executive Director
o MMDA Chair
Activities
o Separate study and analysis of the disposal report
o Interagency discussion and analysis of the report
o Identification of the specific actions that need to be done and the key parties to undertake
them
o Identification of the financial needs and the corresponding source of funds
4.3.2
Phase 2: Convincing of the LGU’s by the Core Agencies from Phase 1
Core Messages:
____________________________________________________________________________________
39
o
o
o
o
Final Report
The current disposal situation is unacceptable, a catastrophic crisis is very likely, we need
to prevent it or we will have to answer to the people.
The financing requirements can be sourced from the current hauling and disposal budgets
of the LGU’s after careful realignment.
The ADB study results can guide us in developing a plan to correct the situation including
the technical, legislative and financial aspects.
The officials of both LGU’s that use the dumpsites and the LGU’s that host the dumpsites
are the key players of this plan.
Target Audience: Relevant officials of the cities and municipalities
o Mayors
o City/municipal councils
o Treasurer and accountants
o Environmental/sanitation officers
Communication activities:
o Meetings with presentations of the ADB-TA Disposal report
o Group discussion and analysis of the Disposal report
o Site visits and/or video presentations of the dumpsites
o Discussion with finance officers
4.3.3
Phase 3: Publicizing the Disposal Rehabilitation Program
Core Messages:
o The current waste disposal situation is unacceptable but we have a plan to reverse it.
Please help us implement it.
o We have a plan to improve the disposal situation, but we can’t implement it without your
help.
o Health, environmental and social impacts of open dumpsites on the immediate community.
o We want a safe disposal site but we must pay for it.
Target Audience: general public
o NGOs
o Residents
o Business sector
IEC activities:
o Community meetings
o Radio/TV spots
o Signs indicating unsafe ground and surface water within a certain radius from the dumpsite
o Posters
o Flyers
5 Strategy Related to Medical Waste
An outreach strategy related to medical waste was developed as part of the project component on this
subject. The strategy is based on the results of the various activities conducted including, workshops,
survey of hospitals and other medical facilities, medical waste characterization study, working group
meetings, and meetings with representatives of the Department of Health. A description of these activities
is presented in a separate report.
5.1
ISSUES AND NEEDS
The passage of the Clean Air Act (RA 8749) is having a significant impact on the management of health
care wastes. RA 8749 requires the phasing out by July 2003 of medical waste incinerators, which has
historically been the primary means of treating infectious medical wastes. Alternatives to incineration are
being considered, but these will obviously require additional investment.
____________________________________________________________________________________
40
Final Report
Two key issues related to medical waste management have been identified, which demonstrate the need
for additional IEC activities: (1) problems associated with improper segregation; and (2) an increase in
public awareness and concern.
5.1.1
Problems Associated with Improper Segregation
The segregation scheme for health care wastes is as follows:
Black container -- non-infectious dry waste, or non-biodegradable/non-compostable waste;
Green container -- non-infectious wet waste or biodegradable/compostable waste;
Yellow container -- dry and wet infectious and other potentially infectious waste; pathological waste,
chemical waste, sharps contained in puncture-proof container covered with thick solution of lime;
and
Orange container with trefoil sign -- radioactive waste that will be stored in the hospital until rendered
as inactive or disposed of in accordance with prescribed rules and regulations of the Philippine
Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI).
It is becoming increasingly important that the various fractions of health care waste is segregated properly
and that each fraction is disposed of properly. Two key problems result from improper segregation:
1. Dangers resulting from disposal of untreated infectious wastes commingled with general waste
(e.g., health hazards to scavengers, contamination of groundwater and surface water, etc.)
2. Additional cost resulting from treatment of general waste commingled with infectious wastes by
non-burn technologies
Results of a survey conducted of health case facilities indicate that most of the institutions practice
segregation and follow colour-coding procedures for the management of their wastes. However, as shown
by the results of the waste characterization survey, improper segregation still takes place in some facilities.
According to those responsible for waste management, some members of the staff are not always
conscientious about proper segregation and not all of the health care facilities have a sufficient supply of
bags.
Historically the most common IEC strategies used by hospitals have been posters, manuals, and flyers.
The Philippine Heart Center developed a poster that explains the process of segregation, which is being
used by other facilities as well (see Figure 15).
____________________________________________________________________________________
41
Final Report
Figure 15. Poster Currently Used in Some Facilities to Promote Segregation
____________________________________________________________________________________
42
Final Report
Additional training of hospital personnel is needed, as well as education of non-hospital personnel (e.g.,
patients, visitors, and watchers).
5.1.2
Increasing Public Awareness and Concern
Public concern related to the collection, treatment and final disposition of health care waste has increased
considerably during the past few years. The public’s concern is related to the potential risk related to the
transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), and other agents
associated with blood-borne diseases. Furthermore, the public in several countries has reacted negatively
to emissions from incinerators that are used to treat health care waste, and are concerned that these
emissions may contain high concentrations of toxic compounds and viable microorganisms.
To allay these concerns, it is important that public education regarding the strategy for managing health
care wastes be conducted.
5.2
DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY
Based on the issues and needs identified by the project team, two key target audiences were identified:
Hospital personnel – doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, aides, janitors, cafeteria personnel,
administrative staff, others
Non-hospital personnel – patients, visitors, watchers (attendants)
A series of activities is presented in Table 6. The strategies build upon practices that have been proven to
be effective in the past (e.g., posters, manuals). In addition, the project team recommends that the DOH
guidance document be developed into an interactive learning tool. The computer-learning module could
be developed by the Department of Health.
Table 6. Recommended IEC Strategies Related to Medical Waste
Target Audience
Hospital Personnel
Purpose
Training
Reminder
5.3
Instruction, motivation
Strategy/Method
Guidance document
Trainer training
Personnel training
Interactive training guide
Posters
Fact sheets
Posters
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES
Training and outreach activities that were implemented during the project are described in the following
sections.
5.3.1
Training Manual
The project team assisted in revising the Manual of Hospital Waste Management for the DOH, originally
published by the Environmental Health Service of the DOH in 1997. The revision was carried out in a
write-shop in cooperation with several representatives from the DOH and other entities. The final version
of the Manual is now ready for printing and distribution.
5.3.2
Posters
Layouts for four posters were developed under the project. Two of the posters are targeted at hospital
personnel and two at non-hospital personnel. The rationale in developing the posters is outlined in Table
7.
Each of the concepts is discussed below:
____________________________________________________________________________________
43
Final Report
Table 7. Rationale for Posters on Waste Management for Health Care Facilities
Audience
Hospital Personnel
Characteristics
Know medical/hospital
terminology
Have received prior training
Would follow hospital rules and
regulations
Busy people when inside
hospital
Do not know anything about
segregation of medical waste
Do not know why segregation is
important
Not familiar with medical/hospital
terms
May not know how to read, or to
read English
Will not handle all types of health
care waste
Guidelines for Concepts
Brief, concise and straight to the
point
Reminder to previously
instructions
Foster immediate recall
Catchy, attention grabbing
Encourage involvement
Reader friendly
Informative
Concept 1, ICONS – targeted at hospital personnel. The layout of the poster is clean (no clutter,
reader friendly) and professional (use of icons and medical terms). The use of the color read as a
highlight draws attention and gives a sense of authority.
Concept 2, LET’S SAVE LIVES – targeted at hospital personnel. This layout is warmer than
Concept 1, and is intended to appeal to the sense of social responsibility of hospital personnel.
Thus, the layout is a mix of professional and personal, professional in terms of no clutter and use of
technical terms, and personal in terms of colour and the manner the message is going to be
delivered. As a secondary effect, the layout gives hospitals an incentive to post the posters
because it provides an image that the hospital takes every step to take care of its patients.
Concept 3, YOUR LIFE IS AT RISK – targeted at non-hospital personnel. The overall impact is a
warning about immediate danger. This concept places immediacy of danger as well as saying that
the danger will affect the reader directly. This layout is also informative in nature, to better educate
the reader on the facts about segregation.
Concept 4, ALL I NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEGREGATION – targeted at non-hospital personnel.
The overall approach is friendly and approachable. The layout is intended to be light; simple, cool
to look at with use of pastel colours, and easy to understand. This is the more traditional of the two
layouts for non-hospital personnel. The layout is also informative, answering the questions of
“what” and “why.”
Layouts of the four posters are presented in Figures 16 through 19.
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44
Final Report
Figure 16. Poster Concept 1, ICONs
____________________________________________________________________________________
45
Final Report
Figure 17. Poster Concept 2, Let’s Save Lives
____________________________________________________________________________________
46
Final Report
Figure 18. Poster Concept 3, Your Life is at Risk
____________________________________________________________________________________
47
Final Report
Figure 19. Poster Concept 4, All I Need to Know About Segregation
____________________________________________________________________________________
48
5.3.3
Final Report
Fact Sheets
Two fact sheets were prepared for distribution to health care facilities. The first one (Figure 20) presents
the results of the waste characterization analysis and facility data, described in the report, Medical Waste
Management (Report No. 11). The second fact sheet (Figure 21) provides information on non-burn
alternatives for treating infectious medical waste.
Characteristics of Health Care Waste
The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003) requires the proper segregation,
recycling, and composting of the non-infectious fraction of health care waste in the Philippines.
According to a recent study funded by the Asian Development Bank, there are 3,670 health care
facilities in Metro Manila, including 197 accredited hospitals. The health care facilities generate
approximately 47 tons per day of waste. Of this, about 27 tons per day are disposed as infectious
or potentially infectious.
Estimated Quantities of Health Care Waste Generated in Metro Manila in 2002
N o. of
Fac ilitie s
T y pe of Fa cility
A c cr edited H o spitals
G over nm ent (no . of b ed s)
Pr ivate (no. of b ed s)
H ealth C enter s
M ed ical C linic s
D ental C linic s
V eterin ar y C linics
Ph ar m aceutical L ab s
B loo d B ank s
F uner al Par lors
M ed ical S c hools
R esear ch Institutions
T otals
N o. of
Be d s
Infectio us
W aste
(k g/d ay )
N onInfec tious
W aste
(kg/d ay )
5 ,9 7 1
3 ,9 9 6
802
2 ,5 8 0
5 ,8 8 0
372
5 ,7 7 2
204
1,17 6
13 2
48
2 6 ,9 3 3
6 ,85 0
4 ,58 4
1,20 3
3 ,87 0
1,96 0
93
1,44 3
51
19 6
33
12
2 0,29 4
T otals
(k g/d ay)
19 7
17 ,5 6 3
11,7 5 3
401
1,2 9 0
980
93
481
17
19 6
11
4
3,6 7 0
Non-infectious waste disposed by health care
facilities contains potentially recyclable or
compostable material, such as paper, plastics,
and food waste.
12,8 2 1
8 ,5 8 0
2 ,0 0 5
6 ,4 5 0
7 ,8 4 0
4 65
7,2 15
2 55
1,3 72
16 5
60
4 7 ,2 28
Inerts (rocks, ash)
1.4%
Special waste (batteries,
syringes)
0.8%
Garden/Yard Wastes
0.0%
Textiles
10.2%
Diapers
0.0%
Estimates indicate that the total amount of
health care waste will increase to about 55
tons per day by 2010. Assuming that new
practices and training programs are
implemented that improve segregation, the
amount of infectious waste is projected to
decrease to 18.5 tons per day by 2010.
Food/Vegetables
28.8%
Plastics
27.5%
Paper/Cardboard
17.5%
Wood
1.2%
Metal/Cans
2.1%
Glass
3.4%
60,000
Rubber/Leather
7.1%
Average Composition of
ER-Surgery Waste
50,000
Kilograms per day
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
2002
2004
2006
Infectious waste
Non-infectious waste
2008
2010
Estimate of Current and Projected
Quantities of HCW Generated in
Metro Manila
Figure 20. Fact Sheet – Characteristics of Health Care Waste
____________________________________________________________________________________
49
Final Report
Alternative Technologies for Treating Health Care Waste
The Clean Air Act (RA 8749) prohibits the
burning of infectious waste and requires that
existing incinerators be phased out by July
2003.
According to a recent study funded by the
Asian Development Bank, about 42% of
hospitals in Metro Manila were still using
incineration to treat their wastes as of early
2003.
At the time of the study, it was estimated that
28% of hospitals relied on off-site incineration
by the private sector, 12% incinerated on-site,
and 2% treated waste by open air burning. Offsite treatment using microwave technology was
used by approximately 38% of the hospitals.
Land disposal
20%
Incineration-on site
12%
Incineration-off site
28%
Incinerator
Alternative technologies that have been
evaluated to treat medical waste include:
• Mechanical – size reduction and compaction
• Thermal – autoclave, microwave, pyrolysis/
gasification
• Chemical – chlorination, ozonation
• Radiative – electron beam, Cobalt-60
• Biological – enzymatic processes, composting
Autoclave
Microwave
38%
Open air burning
2%
Estimated Type of Waste Treatment
Used by Hospitals in Metro Manila
(based on the number of facilities)
Microwave
Figure 21. Fact Sheet – Alternative Technologies for Treating Health Care Waste
____________________________________________________________________________________
50
ANNEX 1
Final Report
IEC WORKING GROUP MEETINGS
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 1
Final Report
MEETING/VISIT: First IEC Working Group Meeting
PRESENT
: Albert Magalang, NSWMC Executive Director;
Elenida Basug, Chief, Env. Educ. and Info. Division, EMB;
Irma Paulme, OIC, Public Affairs Office, DENR;
Daniel Santos, Phil. Information Agency; Elsie Encarnacion-MMDA
Juan de la Cruz, Dept. of Public Services, Manila ;
Jannet Yanto, NSWMC; Linda Eggerth-ADB-TA; Grace FavilaADB-TA
DATE: Monday, 18 November 2002, 9:00-11:30 a.m.
1) Linda Eggerth started the meeting with an overview of the 4 main components of TA-3848 and
highlighted the role of Media/Community relations in each of the components. She then went on to
enumerate the anticipated outputs of the IEC working group. (cf. attached meeting handouts).
2)
Albert Magalang expressed appreciation for the formation of the IEC working group, in spite of the
long delay, citing that IEC is one of the most important elements of the TA. He underscored his
expectation that, through the TA, DENR-EMB would be able to improve its ability to spread information
on SWM and motivate people to really do proper SWM.
3) Salient points that were clarified or stressed
a) The project’s IEC program should benefit all 17 cities/municipalities, not only the 8 selected ones.
The rest of the cities/municipalities should still be involved in the project and invited to seminars
and other similar activities.
b) The IEC program should be integrated(not emphasizing media more than community relation or
vice versa). It should incorporate Metro-Manila-wide media strategies and local IEC strategies.
c) There’s already a lot of IEC activities/materials done on the national (DENR-EMB),
regional(MMDA) and LGU(cities/municipalities and barangay)levels. Linda tabulated many of
these indicating, whenever possible, the specific message, the audience, the length, and the cost.
d) An IEC campaign can have 3 possible different objectives.
i) Alliance building with media intervention
ii) Influencing beneficiaries how the IEC works for the beneficiaries
iii) Institutional strengthening addressed to LGU’s/communities
It is important to distinguish the objectives of the campaign as each objective would determine
the relevant audience and the type of IEC activity/materials
e) There’s a need for media outreach but community-based(or focused group) outreach is also
important because it is closer to the people and can more easily affect change of behaviour. The
EMB-EEI Division has identified 3 target groups for its IEC campaigns
i) business
ii) schools
iii) communities/LGU’s
f)
There’s a need to strengthen the capability of IEC agencies for the assessment and monitoring of
the effectivity of IEC activities/materials. The EMB-EEI Division would like very much to be
“capacitated” in this area.
g) As reported by the Pulse Asia surveys, there’s already a high level of awareness for the need of
proper SWM but there is still a need to disseminate instructional IEC materials. The DENR
secretary and the MMDA Chair have separately expressed this opinion.
4) Some recommendations
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 2
Final Report
a) General, for all IEC projects
i)
In planning an IEC project first be specific on the objective and general message, then
determine the audience, specific message and the type of activity. Include monitoring and
assessment activities in the plan.
ii) Harmonize RA9003 and the MMDA policies
iii) IEC materials intended for barangays and communities must show details, including why some
projects failed.
b) Specific to the Working Group
(1) There is no budget in this ADB project for the development of a strict monitoring and
assessment mechanism but the working group can develop an informal survey instrument
or template by which an IEC agency could monitor effectiveness through questions such as
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Have you heard this message?
How many times have your herd this message?
When did you hear this message
Has there been a change in your habits since. . ?.
The basis for assessment must be clear from the start. What are the messages, who are the
audience, etc.
c) Identify the communications barriers. Two examples mentioned were economic and political
d) Address the sustainability of IEC programs. How can the IEC offices in the national, regional and
LGU levels be helped in sustaining their advocacy.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
find hooks that IEC programs can hang on(e.g. health).
The program must be interactive
Focus on “what is doable” by the target audience. In the case of SWM, consider the fact
that there are limitations in the infrastructure
Launch annual contest on SWM Program(e.g. Clean & Green Award)
Strategic distribution of IEC materials
e) Develop a speaker’s bureau on SWM
f) Seek audience with MMDA Chairman regarding his plan for Metro Manila and to determine his
sensitivity to the ADB Project
5) Next Working Group meeting was set for Wednesday, Jan 29, 2003. Before then
a) Minutes of the meeting will be sent out to the members
b) Members of the working group will be requested to give suggestions for
i) specific messages for specific sectors like religious, business, schools, etc
ii) assessment indicators
c) Each member of the Working Group should present his/her agency’s IEC initiatives/activities and
give an intuitive assessment of its effectiveness.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 3
Final Report
MEETING/VISIT:
Second IEC Working Group Meeting
PRESENT:
Daniel Santos-PIA, Zorayda Aquende-DILG, Irma PaulmeDENR-PAO, Juan De La Cruz-DPS-Manila, Harry Quiaoit-EMB-EEID, Jannet
S. Yanto-NSWMC-Secretariat, Napoleon R. Lopez-NSWMC-Secretariat,
Linda Eggerth-ADB TA,Grace Favila-ADB TA; Luis Diaz-TA Team
Leader; Elenida Basug-EMB-EEID; Ritchie Anne Guzman-EMB-EEID;
Elsie Encarnacion-MMDA; Albert Magalang-NSWMC
WHERE:
DATE:
RDD Conference Room
Wednesday, 9:00am, January 29, 2003
1) L. Eggerth started the meeting by presenting the agenda . (See attached) She especially pointed out
that the work schedule in item #3 is quite ambitious, and we may need to expedite the tasks even
more. There was no objection from the group. The agenda for the WG meeting includes identification
of priority messages, target groups, and IEC methods.
2) She pointed out that a major output of the group is a 3-year communications plan for the NSWMC for
which many valuable ideas were previously generated at a workshop in April 2002. A table of issues,
messages, target audiences and strategies based on the output of that meeting was distributed. She
emphasized that the group could start with these ideas. There’s no need to start again from scratch.
(see attached)
PRIORITY MESSAGES
3) She then proceeded to start the discussion on priority messages that the plan could focus on.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
I. Paulme gave the following ideas for specific messages:
i) Bawas basura, Bawas sakit. (Less garbage, less illness)
ii) Kalusugan matatamo kung kapaligiran lilinisan mo(Good health will be achieved if you clean
your environment)
iii) Pakinabangan! Pinaggastusan mo. Mga sisidlan I-recylce mo.(Benefit from it. You spent for it.
Recycle packaging.)
iv) Kabalikat ka, kaibigan sa pagbawas ng basura(You are a partner, my friend, in minimizing
garbage)
v) Dagdag kita na, kapaligiran malinis pa. (Not only is there additional income, the environment is
also kept clean.)
vi) Di na kailangang maulit pa it. (This shouldn’t be repeated [with picture of Payatas fatal
accident]).
vii) Waste Management is a social responsibility. Let’s be partners in this mission.
L. Eggerth suggested that the topics of Irma’s suggestions could be summarized as: the
dangers/health impacts of improper disposal, the financial benefits of recycling, and the social
responsibility to handle waste properly. She suggested that at this point, we need to determine an
overall message/topic, and then move on to specific messages.
E. Basug suggested the message could focus on the health impact of improper disposal.
H. Quiaoit emphazed that messages could refer to penalties, e.g., penalties for littering, imposing a
garbage fee.
Z. Aquende suggested that social responsibility and enforcement could be emphasized. On one
hand citizens should feel duty-bound to do SWM on top of paying taxes. On the other hand,
enforcement must be strengthened.
D. Santos expressed the need to determine where we are in our info campaign and the need to
have a benchmark. Info campaigns have come and gone and yet behaviours and action have
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 4
Final Report
hardly changed. There’s a need to analyse the message – the subject and the target audience of
these messages. If we want action, let’s focus on specific targets.
g) L. Diaz suggested that the message of the cost of not doing SWM could be a hook to get people to
change their behaviours.
h) A. Magalang suggested to emphasize the effects of not segregating on waterways and even inside
the home.
i) E. Encarnacion pointed the need for a champion to exert pressure. She also wanted the message
of cleanliness emphasized, which is the case in MMDA’s unified approach.
j) J. de la Cruz wanted to emphasize the message of the importance of segregating, especially
among informal settlers.
4) L. Eggerth cited that all the above messages could generally be clustered into 3 main
messages/topics, namely
leadership
• Responsibility
social
positive
• Financial impact
negative
security
• Health/quality of life
fear
5) The group suggested that the three topics could be incorporated into one message of “solid waste
management” with emphasis on 3 aspects:
• Solid waste management
Social responsibility
financial
Quality of life
It was subsequently discussed, that solid waste management is the subject area, and not a
message/topic for an IEC campaign.
TARGET AUDIENCES
6) On the matter of target audiences, D. Santos suggested 2 categories: (a) the influential (from the
governing sector) and (b) the followers (the governed). The group proceeded to list target audiences
that would fall into these two categories, rank the target audiences in terms of priority for the
communications plan, and then suggest strategies for the Priority 1 audiences and for the General
Public.
7) The meeting concluded with the agreement that the minutes of the discussion will be sent to the
members who will be requested to give more thought to the messages and strategies for further
enrichment of the communications plan.
8) The next meeting was set for Wednesday, February 19 at 9:00 a.m. A quieter venue will be sought,
but in case there’s none, it would be in the same room.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 5
RANK
1
TARGET AUDIENCE
a. Influential
LGU officials
1
Civic organizations
1
Business leaders
1
Media
1
Children(4-12yrs)
2
2
3
Religious groups
Teachers
b. Followers
Community/general public
3
3
Domestic helpers
Janitors
Final Report
MEDIUM/STRATEGIES
Meetings
Circulars
Rewards/recognition
Meetings
Awareness/recognition
Partnership
Meetings/seminars
Partnership
Recognition/promotion/best practices
Tours to MRF’s with workshop
Press releases
Press conference
Awards/recognition
Fun activities
Competition
TV/cinema spots
Print ads. (including tabloids)
Text messaging
Bumper stickers
Billboards/posters
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 6
Final Report
MEETING/VISIT: Third IEC Working Group Meeting
PRESENT:
Daniel Santos-PIA, Zorayda Aquende-DILG, Irma PaulmeDENR-PAO, Juan De La Cruz-DPS-Manila, Harry QuiaoitEMB-EEID, Albert Magalang-NSWMC-Secretariat,
Elenida Basug-EMB-EEID, Linda Eggerth-ADB TA,
Grace Favila-ADB TA; Luis Diaz-Technical Team Leader; Daniel
Diaz-Observer; Elsie Encarnacion-MMDA; Ritchie Ann
Guzman-EMB-EEID
WHERE:
EIA Conference Room
DATE:
Wednesday, 9:00am, February 26, 2003
Highlights
1. Ms. Grace Favila started the meeting by asking if there were any corrections noted in the minutes
of the previous meeting, which were distributed in advance. Elen Basug noted that she had
commented at the last meeting that there should be an NGO representative in the Working Group.
G. Favila answered that Ms. Beth Roxas was supposed to be that person, representing the
Environment Broadcast Circle.
There were no other corrections raised and so the minutes were considered passed.
2. Ms. Favila then went on to the discussion of the draft IEC framework and IEC schedule prepared
by Linda Eggerth. She reminded the group that although it’s not reflected in the drafts, it is
presumed that the main messages for the activities cited are those that the group identified in the
Feb. ___ meeting. Specifically these are:
Responsibility
leadership
social
Financial
Health/Quality of Life
positive
negative
security
fear
3. The Metro Manila SWM-IEC Plan, as discussed further by the body, elicited the following
developments:
•
DENR offices, as per instruction of the DENR Secretary, will publish a weekly one-page
“fact sheet” on certain issues and related concerns. For SWM matters, said data sheet will
come out every 2 months.
•
Production of the EMB 2003 Calendar-poster with initial 2000 copies featuring SWM and
the RA 9003 is underway. E. Encarnacion of MMDA and J. dela Cruz of the City of Manila
pledged to buy into the project by adding to the no. of copies to be ordered. It was noted
that politicians could ride on these materials but it was pointed out that this could not be
stopped and that in fact it could be beneficial to the group’s efforts because information will
be disseminated.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 7
Final Report
•
EMB also announced that it will produce “refrigerator magnet” with SWM messages with
the support of sponsoring organizations such as the MMSWM project, This will be
launched in September, 2003. MMDA and the City of Manila also expressed interest in this
project too.
•
For the LGU’s based in Metro Manila, the ADB-TA4838 has scheduled a 4-day workshop
on their 10-year SWM plan. It will be held in Villa Cristina, Antipolo City on March 11-14,
2003. Villa Cristina. Similar SWM trainings were also conducted by the Commission where
their first targets were Makati and Valenzuela and the program is on-going for other
government organizations including those members of the Commission. Likewise, MMDA
does the same but they are focused on barangay units.
•
For civic organizations, they could use the “fact sheets” as handouts in their advocacy..
•
Among the business groups, the fact sheets will also be useful. In communicating to the
business sector, the Philippine Business for the Environment(especially through their
magazine Business and Environment) and the Management Association of the Philippines
can be requested to assist. Ms. Favila also informed the group that a “business desk” will
also be established in DENR under the Special concerns office. It will serve as window for
partnership between the department and the business sector.
•
For the media group, DENR-PAO will take care of press releases/conferences. A Media
Tour to working MRF models like Bacoor, Sun Valley, Guadalupe, Mother Earth, Escopa is
being planned. In terms of over-all coordination, Ms. Paulme was assigned to take charge
of pre-arrangements on transportation, food and other perks. It was also agreed that the
site tour will fall on a Friday, not on a weekend. It was also suggested that the tour should
be done twice a year.
•
For the children’s' sector, the MMDA will share copies of the JICA-SWM learning module.
Other contests for them were suggested like “Name a Mascot Contest”, poster making
contests, creative products out of recyclables contest, etc.
•
Mr. Danny Diaz further suggested that children will appreciate it if part of their contest
prizes is a “meet the President in person” strategy and for the older ages, on their workparticipations, be given due recognitions such as “scholarships”. He stressed further that in
order to entice media to be involved, the journalists have to be fed with lots of media
materials and be given much exposure to the subject for them to come-up with articles or
radio-TV features. They can bank photos, Aerial photos, stories and reports that they can
draw from to fill up space whenever the need arises. They can be fed this info through web
sites, e-mails or fax. If budgets will allow it, it would be good to engage professional PR
groups who can test IEC materials on a focused group first, before any full-blown
undertaking.
•
Mr. Diaz also advised the group to analyse their materials well so that these items can
draw positive responses and to develop them in a way that their value will last for long
periods of time. They should not be thrown away.
•
For the General Public, there’s a need to avail of mass media like radio/TV and cinema
trailers. For radio/TV spots the project should aim for prime times game shows,
telenovelas and other popular shows. It was noted that popular TV sitcoms now do feature
environmental concerns.
• In terms of costing E.Encarnacion cited her experience with PIA in 2001 in connection with
their film production of “Hiwalay kung hiwalay”. For a total cost of P457,000.00, the IEC
package included the production of a radio/TV spot and a cinema spot and the airing on
radio/TV for 1 month and in all Metro Manila cinemas for longer than a month. The
package included the scripts, shooting scenes, arranging for the “talents” and voice-over
tapings.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 8
Final Report
• The body also discussed the possibility of getting the proper permits to voice over Filipino
dialects on a cartoon video, which Mr. Johnny de la Cruz uses.
• Text messaging can also be used. G. Favila shared that according to a producer of text
messages with graphics, companies such as his do not charge any production fee. They
earn a commission from the mobile phone companies.
• Print ads and billboards are too costly and considered to be a least priority. Besides, these
will end up as solid waste very quickly due to wear and tear.
• The development of a web site for SWM is underway. A team of PSDN people is doing a
project on this now.
• The establishment of a National Ecology Center is also underway to be launched on Earth
Day. It will be located in an area in front of the Heart Center next to the Central Bank
Minting Facility.
• It was pointed out that a call-in or text-DENR project on SWM would be very costly because
people will be hired to respond intelligently to the calls. Otherwise, such a project will flop
for lack of interest from the public. The experiences of Bantay Kalikasan and of the
“Partnership for Clean Air ” were cited. These 2 groups have the funds to sustain the
project.
• For the next meeting, G. Favila requested that it be held in March during the time that Ms.
Linda Eggerth will be in town. The body agreed to set the next meeting on March 17, same
time.
• There being no other important items to discuss, the body adjourned at 11:0 AM.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 9
Final Report
MEETING/VISIT: The Fourth IEC Working Group Meeting
PRESENT:
Daniel Santos-PIA, Zorayda Aquende-DILG, Irma PaulmeENR-PAO, Juan De La Cruz-DPS-Manila, Harry QuiaoitEMB-EEID, Rachel Cabigas-NSWMC-Secretariat,
Marissa Nabua-NSWMC-Secretariat, Linda Eggerth-ADB TA,
Grace Favila-ADB TA
WHERE:
EIA Conference Room
DATE:
Monday, 9:00am, March 17, 2003
1. L. Eggerth asked if there were any further comments on the discussions at the last meeting. G. Favila
reported corrections on the minutes that E. Encarnacion faxed to the ADB-TA Office.
• Item 3, bullet 2 should read that “E. Encarnacion would look into the possibility of MMDA riding on
the IEC materials already produced”. She pointed out that she did not use the word “pledge” as
she does not have the authority to do so.
• Item No. 3, bullet 12 – E. Encarnacion wished to correct the figures she cited regarding the cost of
the “Hiwalay kung Hiwalay…” campaign. PIA charged a total cost of P437,700 in 2001 for 5
exposures/day for one month at each of the following outlets:
Sll KBP member TV stations and 3 cable stations
80 cinema theatres
40 radio stations
MMDA provided the basic script and the talents, namely Joey Marquez, Alma Moreno and then MMDA
Chair Ben Abalos.
For Item 3, bullet 7, I. Paulma wanted it clear in the minutes that when the media is invited for the tour
of MRF’s, they will be told beforehand about the planned program of activities.
2. L. Eggerth gave a brief report on the seminar-workshop on SWM for LGU’s held in Antipolo the
previous week. It was noted that some members of the IEC Work Group were able to attend. She
mentioned that the IEC component in the preparation of the LGU 10-year SWM Plan was stressed.
3. L. Eggerth then proceeded to ask for further comments on the draft ComPlan that was discussed in the
previous meeting. She expressed her desire to move on to specific messages if there were no more
comments.
4. I. Paulme raised the question of handling controversial issues. A system is needed -- how and who
should handle such issues. She suggested that there should be a list of resource people readily
available to speak on such matters. There should be a list of potential crisis-issues on which the PAO
can readily get a fact sheet. It was recommended that if DENR people are asked about such issues
and no official position or statement has been forwarded, the questions must be answered
theoretically.
G. Favila underscored that a proactive strategy is better. DENR and the NSWMC must keep abreast
of current issues.
It was noted that the present monitoring procedures of DENR has SWM officers in every region
submitting reports to the office of the Secretary everyday at 8:00 a.m. As to questions or reports from
outsiders, G.Favila stressed that a bright person must answer and act on all of these. He/she should
not just refer these questions to the relevant bureau. That one person must pursue the answer and
report back to the caller. In the area of SWM, that one person must come from the NSWMC. He/she
must get reports on upcoming issues everyday and prepare a 1-page report on all issues.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 10
Final Report
D. Santos added that an Issues Management/Monitoring system must be set up. A proforma onepager can be designed to make the daily reporting easier.
Z. Aquende shared information about the DILG system. The Office of Public Affairs has two shifts
such that at 4:00a.m. A report is prepared for the secretary on matters reported by the different
regions. By 5:00 the Office of the Secretary is kept abreast of all current issues. His assistant then
gives these issues to all of the 5 bureaus for their reaction. At 8:00a.m. the Office of the Secretary
receives all the reactions from the bureaus. These are collated and referred to the legal department
for their opinion. By 9:00a.m. the Secretary receives all reports and opinions and is ready to answer
questions from anyone, especially the media.
5. D. Santos emphasized that the core messages should be developed by the IEC Work Group and the
LGU’s can disseminate them using various media available to them.
6. I. Paulme asked about the possibility of having all SWM key plays guest in a TV talk show. L. Eggerth
cautioned that before organizing that, the IEC working group must first make sure that there is synergy.
Rachel assured the group that the government is on top of the issues because the people in the
NSWMC secretariat coordinate with different sectors. L. Eggerth requested Rachel to make a list of all
activities that the NSWMC is doing that can be featured in the media. H. Quiaoit added that somebody
who knows the law must also be featured.
7. It was clarified that the fact sheets must be both motivational and informative aimed at changing
behaviours.
8. It was also stressed that the talk shows, fact sheets, media exposure, communications with religious
and civic organizations must be well coordinated and synchronized.
9. A Primer on RA 9003 for the barangays is needed. There are 42,000 barangays in the country.
10. Plans for the Media Tour were discussed.
• It will be in the week of May 5, depending on the preference of the media people to be invited
• The MRF at Barangay Marulas, Valenzuela will be visited, and then a brief seminar cum lunch will
be organized at a restaurant near the Valenzuela City.
• A video of the dumpsites at Pier 18 and Lingunan (Valenzuela) will be shown, with the permission
of Manila.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 11
MEETING/VISIT:
5 IEC Work Group Meeting
PERSONS VISITED:
Elenida Basug, DENR-EMB-EEIO
Richie Anne Guzman, DENR-EMB-EEIO
Ritchie P , DENR-EMB-EEIO
Rachel Cabigas, NSWMC
Jannet Yanto, NSWMC
Irma Paulme, DENR-PAO
Juan de la Cruz, City of Manila
Elsie Encarnacion, MMDA
Luis Diaz, ADB-TA
Linda Eggerth, ADB-TA
Grace Favila, ADB-TA
DATE:
Final Report
th
9:00a.m., Tuesday, May 6, 2003
1. Updates
L. Eggerth started the meeting with an update on the IEC activities under the ADB-TA, which will last
until June, 2003. (See meeting handout: Table 1: Proposed MMSWMP IEC Activities). She
underscored the insertion of the following info materials in the conference kit in the National SWM
Conference for Barangays last April 14-15:
• Fact sheets on recycling, waste characterization, composting and residual waste
• Flowchart which is a simplification of the RA9003
L. Eggerth mentioned that the meeting would be the last under the project but that the consultants
strongly recommend that the IEC Work Group continue. She added that Ms. Elen Basug of the EMBEEIO has agreed to chair the committee. The other members present voiced their support for the
continuation of the Work Group and for the leadership of Elen Basug.
2. Update on the MRF Tour
L. Eggerth reported that a tour of a functioning MRF was planned for the media on May 9, 2003 but
because of poor response from reporters, the plans were modified. It will instead be a children’s tour
of the MRF in Marulas, Valenzuela that is operated by the city government. Twenty children of DENR
employees have been invited. After the tour a Poster-Making contest will be held at the Parks and
Wildlife Bureau complex on Quezon Ave. The children will be divided into 4 groups and each group will
have time to visit 4 stations in the MRF where they would have hands-on activities on composting,
recycling, gardening and handling residual waste.
The media people are still invited so that they could cover the event. Paulme reported that to date 5
media representatives from Manila Times, Business World, RP Express, Malaya and Bantay Kalikasan
of ABS-CBN Network have confirmed.
It was agreed that a press kit will be prepared containing the following:
• A write-up of the event and of Valenzuela
• The fact sheets
• The SWM Flowchart for the Barangays
3. IEC plans on Disposal
L. Eggerth sought suggestions on how to educate the public regarding sanitary landfills. J. Yanto
suggested that the public be taught how to differentiate between open dump and sanitary landfills
because today they think they are one and the same. J. de la Cruz added that people generally
associate the Smokey Mountain to sanitary landfill. This situation has to be cleared. J. Yanto cited the
need to educate the media because sometimes they show pictures of the open dump and call it a
sanitary landfill.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 12
Final Report
Paulme suggested that the assistance of the clergy and civic organizations be sought. L. Eggerth
agreed to prepare a fact sheet about open dumping but this will merely inform the public about the
hazards but will not give an alternative. She will also prepare a fact sheet about sanitary landfill, which
can start the educational process on what appropriate alternative can be done.
Luis Diaz showed some pictures of dumpsites located in Metro Manila and highlighted the hazards
they pose. He also showed pictures of the controlled dump in Montalban and highlighted the
improvements over the open dumps and also the hazards the site still poses. G. Favila asked the
group for suggestions on how these pictures can be used to convince the public to accept sanitary
landfills. E. Encarnacion suggested that the people be approached as partners, not as
unreasonable critics. L. Diaz suggested that the IEC be addressed to parents because of the
health impact. He believes parents will do anything to protect their children.
4. IEC plans on Medical Waste
L. Eggerth also cited the need to address medical waste in the IEC plan. She underscored the
importance of segregating general waste from infectious waste because doing so can greatly
reduce the volume of infectious waste that needs to be treated. This reduces both the health risk
and the financial cost.
R. Guzman suggested using the testimony of hospitals that have effective SWM like that of San
Juan de Dios hospital. I. Paulme also suggested following the posters and signages of the heart
Center. G. Favila reminded the group that most hospitals have a SWM on paper but the problem
lies in the actual implementation and monitoring.
The meeting adjourned at 11:30a.m. with the understanding that Ms. Elen Basug will call the next
meeting.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 13
Final Report
LIST OF IEC WORKING GROUP REPRESENTATIVES
AGENCY
NSWMC-Secretariat
NAME OF REPRESENTATIVE
Albert A. Magalang, Executive Director
Jannet S. Yanto
Rachel F. Cabigas
Irma Paulme, Director
EMB-Env. Education & Information
Elenida Basug, Division Chief
Division (EEID)
Harry Quiaoit
Ritchie Ann Guzman
Daniel Santos
Dept. of Interior & Local Govt. (DILG)
Zorayda Aquende
Metro Manila Devt. Authority(MMDA)
Elsie Encarnacion
Metro Manila Local Governments
Juan dela Cruz
Environmental Broadcast Circle (NGO)
Beth Roxas
ADB-TA 3848 Team
Linda Eggerth
Grace Favila
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1 page 14
ANNEX 2
Final Report
Partial Inventory of IEC Materials/Activities on SWM Since 1997
I. By DENR-EMB
a.
Videos
i. Basura Dapat Pakinabangan(Waste is a resource), 15 min. VHS
ii. Galit sa Basura(Mad at Solid Waste), 15 min. VHS
iii. Waste no Time, May Solusyon(There’s a Solution), 2-hr telethon reduced to 30min. video, April 2002
b.
Radio/TV Plugs
i. Libingan(Cemetery), with celebrity endorsee Celeste Legaspi, 1-min, 2001
ii. Mag-MRF Tayo(Let’s MRF), with celebrity endorsees ChinChin Gutierrez and
Nonoy Zuniga, 1-min, 2002, produced by PIA, broadcast on public and private
stations
c.
Periodicals
i. Industry EnviroNews, quarterly, articles on all aspects of the environment including
solid waste Waste Bulletin, DENR-EMB, Published annually
ii. Tech Forum, DENR-EMB, special issue on wastes
iii. Symbiosis, DENR, Technical journal tackling special environmental issues
iv. Recycletron(comics)
d.
Books/Booklets
i. Curriculum Guide, DECS AND DENR, intended for use by educators responsible
for the promotion of EE in schools and communities, 1999
e.
Posters
i. Bawasan ang Basurang Itinatapon! Magsegregate
ii. She’s on Top… of a Garbage Heap. Minimize Waste. She deserves more.
f.
Workshops/Training Courses
i. Communications and Education Planning Workshop on the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act, April 2002
ii. Proper Solid Waste Management Techniques, intended for LGU’s
iii. Ecological Waste Management
iv. Sharing of Experiences on Best Practices in Solid Waste Management
v. Essential Elements of an Effective Solid Waste Management System
vi. Documentation of Promising/success Stories on Waste Management, started for
the school systems, NGOs, Communities, industries, DENR/EMB regional
Offices
g.
Contests
i. Photography, Citizenry participation in Environmental Protection
ii. Crosstich Design , Solid Waste management
iii. Television Spot Competition, Environmental Issues
iv. Poster-making, Environmentally Sound Development
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v. Art Contest for high school students, Sa sama-samang Pagkilos, Basura ay
Maiaayos (By Working Together, the Garbage will be solved, artwork used for
folders
vi. Poster-making, Sobra-sobrang Basura: Paano Na?(Too Much Garbage, what
now?), 2000
vii. Recycled Products, mid-90s
h.
Exhibits
i. Solid Waste Management
ii. Recycling of Styrofoam
II. By MMDA
a.
TV Plug/shows
i. “Hiwalay kung Hiwalay”(Separate, if Separate it must), 60-seconder with celebrity
couple Joey Marquez and Alma Moreno, on waste segregation, Oct 2001,
produced by Phil. Information Agency and shown on KBP Channels.
ii. Special feature on TV program “Jessica Soho Presents, Basura Palit Bigas(Rice in
exchange for solid Waste, 10 min
iii. Special feature on Community-based Solid waste management of Bgy. Vitas
shown on TV program “Community Wish Ko Lang, November 2002
iv. Regular TV guesting on “Breakfast ng Bayani”(Breakfast of Heroes{play on name
of MMDA Chair}), 15 min. with anchorman Bam Aquino on Studio 23, 7:30a.m.,
discusses Metro Manila problems including solid waste.
v. Regular guesting on Magandang Umaga, Bayan(Good Morning, Nation(or
community)), 8:30a.m. on Channel 2, discusses MMDA problems including solid
waste
vi. MMDA on the Road, 10:00-11:00p.m., Channel 4, discusses MMDA problems
including solid waste
vii. TV coverage of reduction of wastes in markets through shredding of market
vegetable and fruit wastes in EDSA Central and Farmer’s Markets, 1999
b.
Radio Program/Plugs
i. “MMDA sa GMA” (MMDA on GMA[radio/tv network]), 594AM), 9:00-10:00a.m.
every Sunday with anchorman Arnold Clavio, discusses MMDA problems including
solid waste
ii. “Hiwalay kung Hiwalay”, 60 seconder with celebrity couple Joey Marquez and Alma
Moreno, played in 80 station in Oct 2001
c.
Cinema Plugs
i. “Hiwalay kung Hiwalay”, 60 seconder with celebrity couple Joey Marquez and Alma
Moreno, played in 60 movie houses in Oct 2001
d.
Roaming PA system
i. To introduce new projects and to announce activities, including those for SWM
e.
Contests
i. Parade of Recyclables showcased recycling initiatives in MM, 1999
ii. Mascot drawing contest, funded by JICA, 1999
iii. Mascot-naming contest, current
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 2 page 2
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Final Report
Video
i. On community based recycling, produced in 1999 and issued to all LGU’s
ii. On improvement of collection system in inaccessible areas, produced in 1999 and
issued to all LGU’s
g.
Books
i. SWM Learning Modules for Grades 4,5,6, funded by JICA, 2001
h.
i.
“Periodikit”(Periodiko na dinidikit, newspaper hang on the wall) – gave information on SWM
– schedules, areas covered, etc., 2001
Printed Flyers
i. 4-page flyer on Community Based Solid Waste Management, with special
emphasis on segregation, illustrated, and in Tagalog language.
ii. 1-page flyer showing pictures that illustrate dry recyclable items
iii. 1-page flyer with updates on communities’ performance in SWM, what had been
accomplished and what still need to be accomplished.
iv. 4-page flyer on backyard composting, illustrated, written in Pilino.
j.
Newsletter on SWM, 8 issues published in 1999 with funding from JICA, written in English
k.
Rolling vans
i. With signs “Basura-palit-bigas” (Rice in exchange for garbage), an advocacy
program for segregation and recycling
l.
Dialogues
i. Between Chairman and 17LGUs and all barangays regarding RA9003 and waste
reduction on community level, March-May2001
m.
Lectures, Seminars and workshops on
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
n.
basic concepts of SWM
RA9003
SWM in Metro Manila
Waste Reduction
Community-based Solid Waste management
From 1999 to the present at a frequency of 2 to 5 times per month
Press Releases
III. DECS(Department of Education and Culture)
a.
School Program: War on Waste, in elementary schools nationwide
____________________________________________________________________________________
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IV. By LGU’s
a.
Valenzuela
i. One-page flyers in Filipino
1.
Araw ng Pagkuha ng Basura(Days of Garbage Collection)- with illustrations
and tips on segregation, composting
2.
The provisions of RA9003 in bulleted question and Answer format
3.
The Rules according to RA9003 that apply to subdivisions or village
4.
Wastong Pag-aayos ng mga Basura(the Right way to manage Solid Waste,
a community approach, in flowchart format
5.
Similar to #4 but for school-based approach
ii. One-page flyers in English, illustrated, published by Clean and Green
1.
Waste Segregation
2.
Composting
iii. Paintings on walls with illustrations of slogans
b.
Malabon
i. One-page flyer in Filipino
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
c.
Memo, signed by mayor, dated Feb 1, 1999 identifying the prohibited acts
under MMDA Ordinance No. 96-009 and the corresponding fines and
numbers of days of community service
Patalastas/Panawagan(Announcement) about MMDA waste segregation
policy and Malabon policy that unsegregated waste will not be collected.
MMDA’s flyer Bawas Basura, Bawas Problema that illustrates waste
segregation and includes penalties for violation. Flyer has added Malabon
City Hall telephone number for reporting violations.
Unsigned letter from barangay council of Niugan on the barangay’s
implementation of MMDA Regulation No. 96-009
memo, signed by City Mayor Amado Vicencio outlining the city’s
implementation of RA9003, no illustrations
Unsigned letter from city government to citizens regarding city’s
implementation of RA9003, with illustration
bi-fold flyer from Linis Ganda dated Feb 14, 2000 signed by Dr. Loi Ejercito
Estrada and Mrs. Florinda Vicencio(mayor’s wife), with illustrations on
waste segregation and pricelist of recyclables
Muntinlupa
i. Training Module on Ecological Solid Waste Management: Anon? Bakit? Sino?
Saan? Kailan? Paano? ( What, why, who, where, when, How)
ii. One-page flyer in Filipino
1.
Muntinlupa City Ecological Waste Management, illustrated guide on
segregation, adapted from MMDA flyer, using face of mayor.
2.
3.
Mga Dapat Tandaan sa Backyard o Household composting(What one
needs to remember about backyard or household composting)
Bawas Basura, Bawas Bara, Bawas problema(Reduce waste, reduce
flooding, reduce problems) – illustrated guide for segregation, re-use and
composting.
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Final Report
iii. One-page flyer in English
1.
Ecological Waste Management, coloured paper, much illustrated, guide for
segregation, re-use and collection
iv. Bi-fold brochure on “Ecological Solid waste Management, Livelihood and Training
Center(Eco-Center) for the pilot project in Sto. Nino Village.
v. Newsletter Ang Bagong Lingkod Bayan features articles on solid waste
management
d.
Makati
i. 4-page brochure on Makati Solid waste Management Program in Filipino –
emphasizing segregation, re-use and composting, mentions the laws and
ordinances related to solid waste, and back cover is a jingle 3B=3K where
3B’s:bawasan(reduce), balik-gamitin(re-use) and Baguhin(recycle) are equated to
Kalinisan(cleanliness) Kalusugan(health), and kayamanan(wealth).
ii. 18-page comic book, At Yur Serbis, in full colour, illustrates segregation, re-use,
composting and recycling.
e.
Pasig
i. 1-page flyer in Filipino
1.
Linis-Ganda flyer with pricelist, flowchart of segregation, and directory of
Linis Ganda outlets; signed by Mayor Soledad Eusebio
2.
Infor-Aide, guide on PD 825 and the corresponding city ordinance,
highlighting prohibitions and the corresponding fines and penalties
f.
Manila
i. One-page flyer in Tagalog/English on waste segregation and schedule of collection
ii. 2-color bi-fold with illustrations on cover and inside pages, IBUKOD-BUKOD AND
BASURA(SEGREGATE)
g.
Quezon City
i. One-page flyer in English
1.
Mag-Segregate, coloured, fully illustrated, master came from MMDA but
adopted by Quezon City
ii. Flyers in Filipino
1.
2.
Bi-fold prepared by Sagip Pasig Movement, Bawasan and Basura(Reduce
Solid Waste), illustrated
Small bi-fold Simot Basura Sa Barangay
iii. Training module for Barangay officials, highlighting legal basis and collection
system
h.
By Marikina
i. Posters
1.
2.
A Cleaner Greener Marikina
Bawasan and ItinatapongBasura! Isegregate. RA9003
ii. Handouts(pictorial)
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Annex 2 page 5
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Final Report
Panahon na para maghiwalay(Instructions for segregation)
V. By NGOs
a.
SWARMPLAN – Solid Waste Reduction Master Plan for Metro Manila
This plan is “an integrated response of civil society and the business sector to Pres. Gloria
M. Arroyo’s request for a rationalized solid waste management program. It is a showcase
of coordination among the NGOs in extending assistance to address the solid waste
situation in Metro Manila. The different leading NGOs that deal with solid waste have
divided the work of training people on proper ecological solid waste management such that
each organization focuses on one specific sector. Hence,
•
•
•
•
b.
Barangays are helped by the Mother Earth Foundation
Wet markets are helped by Concerned Citizens Against Pollution(COCAP)
Schools are helped by the Environmental Studies Institute of Miriam College
Subdivision are helped by the Recycling Movement of the Philippines
Videos
i. Hiwalay Kung Hiwalay(Separate if Separation is necessary), by the National
Coalition for Urban Transformation, 35 min, in VHS and in CD versions, 2001
c.
Brochures
i. The Waste Xchange, Phil. Business for the Environment (Jan 2002)
d.
Periodical
i. Patlepam News, Phil. Associ. Of Tertiary Level Educational Institutions in
Environmental Protection and Management, published by DENR-EMB, Articles on
all aspects of the environment, including solid waste
ii. Business and Environment, Philippine Business for the Environment, regular
column on Waste Exchange and articles on solid waste, quarterly, Waste
Exchange column moderately effective
e.
Books
i. Doon Po Sa Amin, Published by Earth Day Network, 100 success stories about
SWM
f.
Workshops/For a/Training Courses
i. Forum on Waste Management: Waste Management as a Way of Life, Rotary Club
for local businesses, August 2002
ii. Assistance to Barangay Councils in the formulation of Barangay Ordinance
concerning ecological waste management
iii. By SWAPP(Solid Waste Association of the Philippines): Trainer’s Training on
1.
the Establishment and Operations of an MRF
2.
Developing and Ecological Solid Waste Management Plan
3.
Improving Solid Waste Disposal Facility
4.
Cavite, April 2002; Tagaytay City, Los Banos, Laguna and San Mateo
Rizal, June 2002, June 2002
iv. Localizing RA9003, SWAPP, Nov. 2001
1.
Cavite, April 2002; Tagaytay City, Los Banos, Laguna and San Mateo
Rizal, June 2002, June 2002
____________________________________________________________________________________
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ANNEX 3
Final Report
PRESENTATION MATERIALS FROM WORKSHOP
Metro Manila Solid Waste
Management Project
10-Year SWMP Requirements –
RA 9003 Section 17(i)
Describe how the LGU will educate
and inform its citizens
Source reduction
Recycling programs
Composting programs
Waste collection services
Waste management (disposal)
Related health and environmental
concerns
Education and Public
Information
Linda Eggerth
Grace Favila
10-Year SWMP Requirements –
RA 9003 Section 17(i)
Important Considerations
Wide dissemination among public
Integration with infrastructure
Coordinated/uniform message
Continuous effort/sustainability
Well-conceived plan
Realistic strategies
Offering alternatives to current
situation
Print media
Broadcast media
Other govt. agencies in municipality
Curriculum in schools
Primary, secondary and college
students
Role of DECS and Commission on
Higher Education
Preparation of IEC Plan
1.
Research on previous/existing IEC
activities
Types, subject, audience,
number/frequency
Effectiveness
Discussions with community groups
Best approaches for each audience
2.
Development of strategy
Problems/issues
Need (purpose of IEC activity)
•
•
•
•
Information dissemination
Education
Motivation
Advocacy
Target audiences
• Specific
• Message may vary by sector
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 3 page 1
2.
2.
Approach
Method/Medium
• Positive
• Negative
• Selected based on purpose, audience,
and message
• Part of a well-conceived plan
• Avoidance of a scattered approach
• Use of innovative approaches
Subject of message
• Straightforward, simple
• Coordinated with other agencies
• Evolving over time
3.
Final Report
Preparation of plan document:
Introduction
Matrix of planned activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
Purpose
Target audience
Subject of message
Method
Responsible party
Monitoring plan
Key Issues
Focused approach – need, purpose,
audience, message, strategy
Integration with infrastructure
Implementable
Schedule
Cost
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Template for IEC Plan of LGUs
I. Preparatory Phase
a. Review vision of 10–year plan: How should city/municipality look [SWM-wise] after years?
Example:
In 10 years Malinis City will have an average per capita waste-generation of 0.2 kg with
75% of the citizens doing segregation at source, 40% of the citizens doing composting at
home, garbage collection is paid according to weight, etc.
b. Set progressive targets – consistent with and supportive of 10–year plan
Example:
Citizens aware of RA 9003, ecological solid waste
management practices
40% by end of Year 1
Citizens doing segregation at home/office
Citizens doing composting
c. Define specific messages for each target in each period of the 10-year plan
Examples:
d. Identify specific target audiences
Examples:
e. Adjust main messages to suit each target audience
Examples:
f.
Identify activities and medium to deliver the message to the target audience
Examples:
I.
g. Identify available resources
Examples:
I. Junk shops in the area
II. NGOs that do training
III.
h. Estimate costs
i. Identify potential barriers/concerns[IEC-related]
II. Planning Proper
List activities, target audience, budget, resources/partners, point person, timeframe
activity
Target audience
cost
Resources/Partners
Time frame
Pointperson
____________________________________________________________________________________
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ANNEX 4
Final Report
MATERIALS IN MEDIA KIT FOR MRF TOUR
____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 4 page2
Final Report
____________________________________________________________________________________
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ADB TA 3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
ANNEX 5
Final Report
PRESENTATION AT MRF TOUR LUNCHEON WORKSHOP
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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ANNEX 6
Script 1
Final Report
TENTATIVE SCRIPTS OF 2 TV PLUGS
:
DENR Basura(garbage)
Jovito Salonga
AUDIO
VIDEO
Music up then under
V.O.
Jovito Salonga, mambabatas, politico,
Iskolar, ama at magandgang halimbawa
ng isang nagsasaayos ng basura
Collage of pictures, videos, etc.
Salonga segregating, composting
gardening, etc.
Jovito Salonga, lawmaker, politician,
Scholar, father and a model of proper
Solid waste management.
Salonga interview
V.O.
Nagawa niya ng nag-iisa
…kaya natin, lalo na’t sama-sama!
He did al these by himself.
. . . we can do it, especially that we’re
together.
Salonga interview
V.O.
Ugaling mag-segregate. Ang galing noh!
Make segregating a habit.
It’s great, right?
Closing shot of Salonga as he looks
at the camera
Fade to DENR card and other
Add-ons
Show the difference how much
waste is being thrown if not
segregated and how much if there
is segregation.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Script 2
:
DENR Basura
“GMA 1 ”
(GMA= Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo)
AUDIO
VIDEO
Music up then under
V.O.
Mayron akong tula,
Tungkol sa basura.
Sabihin mo ng yuck,
Kadiri at kung anu-ano pa.
Ang turo ng teacher ko,
Itapon ng wasto, i-shoot ang basura mo.
Mga di nabubulok…magsama-sama kayo!
Mga nabubulok…dito naman ang
Kalalagyan n’yo!
…segregation ang tawag dito.
Tamang paraan ng pagbabasura,
Ugaliin natin, now na!
School shot
Slightly chubby chills is seen
on stage delivering a poem
in front of his classmates.
Others are standing, the rest
Are sitting and eating but
Eagerly listening to the kid.
Child bows, classmates
Clapping
(I have a poem,
About solid waste.
You say “yuck”,
Disgusting, etc.
What my teacher taught me is
Dispose of it properly, ditch your garbage
The non-biodegradable… you go together
The biodegradeable.. you stay here
..”segregation” is what you call this
Proper solid waste management,
Let’s make this a habit now.)
GMA: Yan ang batang magaling.
Malusog at malinis, karapat-dapat
Na gayahin
Ang galing noh?!
GMA enter frame
DENR card and other
Add-ons.
(That’s a smart child.
Healthy and clean,
Worth imitating.
He’s great, right?)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Final Report
ANNEX 7
Transcript of Text Messages
Set No.
Set 1
Introductory Message
Working together, we can conquer
the garbage problem - Waste can
be a valuable resource.
Secondary Message
Help save d environment!
Practice waste management
2day.
Set 2
the garbage problem – Avoid
wasteful consumption of goods.
2day.
Set 3
the garbage problem - Reuse
items that are useful instead of
throwing them away.
2day.
Set 4
the garbage problem - Compost
your kitchen wastes to produce a
soil amendment.
2day.
Set 5
the garbage problem - Avoid
littering. Dispose of garbage
properly.
2day.
Options for Photos to Download
D1 Nipa Hut
D2 Grass N Flowers
D3 Cactus in Desert
D4 3 Flowers
D5 Butterfly
D6 Baby Angel
D1 Carabao
D2 Mushroom
D3 Save Water
D4 Coral
D5 Cottage
D6 Doggie
D1 Camera n Film
D2 Cute Dog
D3 Fishing
D4 Enjoy the Rain
D5 Field of Flowers
D6 Kite
D1 Fly in Clouds
D2 Hammer
D3 Mountain
D4 Peace Man
D5 Starfish
D6 Save Planet
D1 Web
D2 Palm Tree
D3 Luv D Earth
D4 Coffee Aroma
D5 Cute Fish
D6 Flower Love You
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Photos for Set 1:
D1 Nipa Hut
D2 Grass N Flowers
D3 Cactus in Desert
D4 3 Flowers
D5 Butterfly
D6 Baby Angel
Photos for Set 2:
D1 Carabao
D2 Mushroom
D3 Save Water
D4 Coral
D5 Cottage
D6 Doggie
Photos for Set 3:
D1 Camera n Film
D2 Cute Dog
D3 Fishing
D4 Enjoy the Rain
D5 Field of Flowers
D6 Kite
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Photos for Set 4:
D1 Fly in Clouds
D2 Hammer
D3 Mountain
D4 Peace Man
D5 Starfish
D6 Save Planet
Photos for Set 5:
D1 Web
D2 Palm Tree
D3 Luv D Earth
D4 Coffee Aroma
D5 Cute Fish
D6 Flower Love You
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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ANNEX 8 Newspaper Articles About Aspects of the Project
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promotional activities. These evaluations and
programs, if properly carried out and implemented,
ANNEX 9 The Role of Business in
can not only contribute to the proper management
of solid wastes in the Philippines but can also
Ecological Solid Waste Management
make a positive contribution to the “bottom line” of
the enterprises.
Linda L. Eggerth and Luis F. Diaz
CalRecovery, Inc.
Waste Characterization Analyses
2454 Stanwell Drive, Concord, CA 94520 USA
Under RA 9003, each city and municipality in the
Philippines is mandated to prepare a 10-year solid
waste management (SWM) plan that includes
The problem of waste management has become a
segregated collection, recycling, composting, and
phenomenon in any mega city – Metro Manila is no
proper disposal of residual waste. As part of the
exception.
The growing urbanization of
planning process, a study to determine the quantity
communities has compounded what used to be
and composition of waste disposed (WACS) is to
simple cleaning of our small backyard. Scarce
be conducted.
The National Solid Waste
resources limit access to modern, state-of-the-art
Management Commission (NSWMC) developed
technologies. Thus, managing the daily waste
standardized procedures that allow communities to
generated has become a continuing challenge for
conduct low-cost, but reliable, analyses.
local chief executives, a challenge that they cannot
just set aside while they think of how to solve it,
A waste characterization study includes the
because with each passing day of inaction, this
analysis of the quantity, composition, bulk density,
challenge becomes more enormous.
and moisture content of disposed waste. Figures 1
through 4 depict the process involved in
The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
conducting a composition analysis: (1) collection of
2000 (RA 9003) was passed on January 26, 2001.
a representative sample for sorting; (2) weighing of
It is very significant that this was the first bill signed
the representative sample; (3) sorting of the waste
into law by the current President of the Philippines,
into components; and (4) weighing of the sorted
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The implementing rules
components. The weights are then recorded onto
and regulations for RA 9003 were approved on
a data sheet for analysis.
January 6, 2002. One of the main objectives of RA
9003 is the implementation of reduction, reuse,
and recycling programs at all levels of society.
This and other objectives of the Act can only be
achieved by developing strategies and programs
that involve the participation of all sectors of
society – public and private.
An estimated 6,300 tons/day of waste is generated
in Metro Manila, approximately one-fourth of which
is generated by the business sector (commercial
and industrial). Businesses can make substantial
contributions to the proper management of solid
wastes by implementing programs to reduce the
quantity of waste generated and disposed from
their operations and by encouraging others to
manage wastes wisely by modelling these actions
in the community. Many businesses in Metro
Manila have already implemented waste reduction
and recycling programs. Nevertheless, much can
still be accomplished.
Some of the activities that can be undertaken by
businesses to further ecological waste
management are discussed in this paper: waste
characterization analyses, waste audits, waste
exchange programs, and educational and
Figure 1. Collection of Representative Sample for
Sorting
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Figure 2. Weighing of Representative Sample
Figure 4. Weighing of
Sorted Components
Figure 3. Sorting Waste
into Components
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The results of the WACS should be used by the
community as baseline data to prepare its solid
waste management plans and to design an
ecological solid waste management system that
will meet the needs of the community and the
requirements of RA 9003. The results can also be
used by the various sectors analyzed (e.g.,
residential, institutional, commercial) to determine
the types and quantities of wastes that are being
disposed and to develop programs to reduce these
quantities.
Partial results of a waste characterization study
conducted by the City of Muntinlupa in February
2003 are presented in Figure 5. The figure shows
the composition of disposed waste for various
types of businesses: malls, offices, restaurants,
hotels/condominiums, markets, and industry. As
shown in the figure, large quantities of paper,
plastic, and kitchen/food waste are generated by
most of the business types studied. Consequently,
based on the results of the WACS, it would appear
to be worthwhile for businesses to consider
implementing programs to address these
materials.
Waste Audits
Waste audits are used in several countries to both
identify and manage the various types of wastes
that are produced in a particular commercial or
industrial activity. Although waste audits can be
carried out for liquid, gaseous and solid wastes,
this paper only considers the management of solid
wastes produced by the private sector.
A waste audit is an important tool for gaining
information about the system of solid waste
management for a particular business, including
the areas in the facility that generate certain types
of materials, the amount of garbage being
disposed, and the types of recyclable materials
being disposed of as garbage. It provides sitespecific information. Questions that typically would
be asked during a waste audit include:
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What materials are in the waste stream?
What materials in the waste stream are
recyclable?
What quantity of garbage would be reduced if
recyclable materials were diverted from the
waste stream?
What quantity of recyclables could be collected?
Where are the recyclables generated?
By
whom?
If properly carried out, waste audits can be very
helpful not only in reducing the amount of wastes
that are generated by a particular activity but also
in increasing the efficiency of the process, thereby
improving the profitability of the enterprise. Waste
audits can also be helpful in determining ways to
reduce the toxicity of the wastes (through, for
example, product substitution), thereby reducing
the costs associated with treatment and disposal.
Waste Exchange Programs
Often business managers are unaware that the
waste generated by their companies could be used
by others. Waste exchange programs match
waste producers with users of secondary
materials. The basic principle behind the program
is that the waste of one industry could be the input
of another. Participation in a waste exchange
program offers economic benefits to the seller and
to the buyer, as well as environmental benefits
through a reduction in the quantities of waste
requiring disposal.
Waste exchanges have been implemented
throughout the world. In the Philippines, the
Philippine Business for the Environment (PBE)
initiated an Industrial Waste Exchange, offering a
mechanism to match company waste generators
with buyers. In addition, the Exchange (IWEP)
helps to match companies and institutions with
recyclers,
processors,
and
environmental
technology suppliers and service providers. In
Business and Environment, the IWEP provides a
listing of waste materials offered by participating
companies (materials available) and the waste
materials that other companies are looking for
(materials wanted).
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70%
Composition of Disposed Waste (% wet wt)
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Malls
Paper
Glass
Offices
Metal
Plastic
Restaurants
Food Waste
Hotels/
Condominiums
Yard/Green Waste
Organic
Markets
Inorganic
Industrial
Hazardous/Special
Figure 5. Composition of Disposed Waste for Selected Business Sectors
(Muntinlupa, February 2003)
Annex 8
, Page 4
AEA Technology
Educational and Promotional Activities
Members of the business sector can also play an
important role in educating the public. This can be
done by participating in formal IEC activities, as
well as by training employees in various aspects of
ecological waste management.
The training
activities can be designed to manage wastes within
the work environment, as well as in the private
residences of the employees. Employers can
provide incentives for the employees to reduce,
reuse, and recycle their wastes. In addition,
employers can make waste management activities
relatively simple to put into practice by providing
the necessary waste management tools to all of
the members of the particular enterprise.
Other approaches that can be used by the
business sector to promote ecological waste
management within the company are numerous,
e.g., posting of information in lunchrooms or similar
places, including discussions during staff meetings,
and publicizing good practices in a company
newsletter. Businesses can also be instrumental in
helping to promote proper waste management in
the community. Examples include: offering to
speak at community meetings, volunteering time at
schools, participating in clean-up events,
sponsoring contests at schools, and subsidizing
the production of promotional materials.
Summary
Ecological solid waste management (waste
reduction, segregation, recycling, composting, and
residual disposal) is essential to the protection of
public health and of the environment. Indeed,
while it is government’s primary responsibility to
promote public health and to protect the
environment, the citizenry have the same
responsibility to take care of the cleanliness of their
surroundings. The effective implementation of the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act requires
the active participation of all sectors of society.
Annex 8
, Page 5
AEA Technology
Final Report
Community Awareness Strategy
Final Report

Community Awareness Plan

Transcription

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