Nota 2 - Kerajaan Negeri Sabah

Transcription

Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia
HARTA INTELEK DI MALAYSIA
KOTA KINABALU
0ctober 2014
1
SEJARAH
Oct. 1990
– Pejabat Cap Dagangan dan Jamin
Hak
– Tertubuhnya Bahagian Harta Intelek
Mar. 2003
– Tertubuhnya Perbadanan Harta Intelek (PHIM)
2005
– Penjenamaan semula MyIPO
– Perisytiharan 26 Apr. sebagai Hari Harta
Intelek
– Penubuhan Mahkamah Harta
Intelek
1950
Jul 2007
Patent ● Trade Mark ● Industrial Design ● Copyright ● Geographical Indication ● IC & Layout Design
2
MyIPO
3
Apa itu Harta Intelek (IP)?
Ciptaan Minda:
Ciptaan, karya sastera dan seni, dan simbol,
nama, imej, dan reka bentuk yang
digunakan dalam perdagangan
4
cont'd
HARTA
Harta Tidak Alih
Contoh: Rumah, Tanah, Kereta
Harta Boleh Alih (Harta Tidak Ketara) :
Harta Intelek
Nilai cap dagangan:
Coca-cola
Microsoft
McDonald’s
Bonia
5
IP IS A PROPERTY – HAS
VALUE!!
6
HARTA INDUSTRI
HAKCIPTA
Rekacipta (Paten)
Rekabentuk Perindustrian
Lukisan,
Kerja-kerja Rekabentuk
Cap Dagangan
Buku & Penulisan
Petunjuk Geografi
Rekabentuk Susunatur
Litar Bersepadu
Tarian, Nyanyian, Seni
7
Akta yang ditadbirkan
•Akta Hakcipta 1997
• Akta Cap Dagangan 1976
•Akta Paten 1983 Akta
Rekabentuk Perindustrian
1996
•Akta Petunjuk Geografi
2000
•Akta Rekabentuk
Susunatur Litar Bersepadu
2000
8
9
HAKCIPTA
• Hak ekslusif yang diberikan kepada pencipta karya
untuk mengawal karya mereka di Malaysia untuk
tempoh masa tertentu
• Tempoh perlindungan:
HAhayat pencipta dan selama 50 tahun selepas
– -semasa
kematian pencipta (karya seni, sastera dan muzik)
– -50 tahun dari permulaan tahu kalendar berikutnya (karya
lain)
• *Perlindungan secara automatic
• examples
• *HOLLYWOOD AND BOLLYWOOD INDUSTRIES..
• *COMPUTER SOFTWARES, BOOKS , JOURNALS..
10
HAKCIPTA
Initiatif baru pindaan Hakcipta
• Memperkenalkan sistem pendaftaran pemberitahuan
secara sukarela
HA
• Memperkenalkan sistem pendaftaran badan
perlesenan dalam kutipan bayaran perlesenan
• Memperluaskan bidangkuasa Tribunal Hakcipta
11
CAP DAGANGAN
Tanda yang digunakan dan boleh membezakan
barangan / perkhidmatan seseorang dengan
seseorang yang lain di dalam industri yang sama
-
Perkataan
-
Logo
-
Gambar
-
Nama
-
Tempoh perlindungan: 10 tahun dari tarikh pemfailan; boleh
diperbaharui setiap 10 tahun
-
Tips: penggunaan cap dagangan yang merujuk secara langsung
kepada sesuatu barangan atau perkhidmatan tidak dibenarkan
12
CAP DAGANGAN
13
CAP DAGANGAN
TM5
Form
Manual
(RM)
Online
(RM)
Expedited
(RM)
370.00
350.00
370.00
[Applicant to File]
TM5A Form
250.00
[Request for Approval for Expedited
Examination]
TM5B Form
1200.00
[Request expedited examination
applicant]
TM31 Form
650.00
650.00
650.00
1020.00
1000.00
2470.00
[Request for advertisement]
Total
14
NILAI CAP DAGANGAN /JENAMA

Data daripada InterBrand.com untuk tahun 2011 dan 2013
http://www.interbrand.com/en/best-global-brands/2013/Best-Global-Brands-2013-Brand-View.aspx
BIL
CAP DAGANGAN
TAHUN
2011 (mil)
TAHUN
2013 (mil)
1.
71,861
79,213 (3)
2.
69,905
78,808(4)
3.
59,087
59,546(5)
4.
55,317
93,291(2)
5.
42,808
46,947(6)
6.
35,593
41,992(7)
7.
35,217
37,257(9)
8.
33,492
98,316(1)
9.
29,018
28,147(14)
10.
28,479
25,843(15)
15
PETUNJUK GEOGRAFI
Terma geografi yang digunakan pada
sesuatu barangan bagi menunjukkan:
- Ianya adalah tempat atau kawasan asalnya;
- kualiti dan ciri sesuatu barangan;
di mana kualiti dan ciri kemanusiaan tersebut
adalah berkenaan dan pada dasarnya boleh
dianggap berpunca dari tempat asal geografi.
-Tempoh perlindungan: 10 tahun dari tarikh pemfailan;
boleh diperbaharui setiap 10 tahun
16
PETUNJUK GEOGRAFI
HA
"Darjeeling Tea"
"Bordeaux Wine"
"Tuscany Olive Oil"
17
PETUNJUK GEOGRAFI
HA
18
Definisi: Seksyen 3(1) Akta RBP 1996
"...... Reka bentuk perindustrian ialah ciri
bentuk, tatarajah, corak atau hiasan yang
digunakan pada sesuatu barang melalui apaapa proses atau cara perindustrian, iaitu ciri
yang ada pada barang siap, merupakan ciri
yang menarik dan dinilaikan dengan
pandangan mata ………" .
REKABENTUK PERINDUSTRIAN (ID)
Rupa bentuk luaran secara keseluruhan yang memberi
penampilan yang unik pada suatu barang atau produk
HA
yang dihasilkan
secara perindustrian ( 3 dimensi, 2
dimensi)
Tempoh perlindungan:
15 tahun dari tarikh pemfailan
20
REKABENTUK PERINDUSTRIAN
HA
Hendaklah baru dan tidak
dizahirkan kepada awam di
Malaysia sebelum tarikh
pemfailan
Tiada dalam DaftarReka Bentuk
Perindustrian
21
• Idi
HA
• ID yang tidak diberi perlindungan:
• Bertentangan Dengan Ketenteraman Awam / Prinsip Moral
dan Tiada Nilai Estetik
22
5.
Ciri-ciri barangan yang TIDAK
mempunyai nilai estetik yang jelas
Kotak
Tin
Kertas dinding
• Rekabentuk yang bertentangan dengan
ketenteraman awam atau prinsip moral
(Sek 13)
• Termasuk agama dan moral
• Pencipta asal
• Syarikat atau Individu
1.Permohonan tunggal
- Satu reka bentuk satu kelas
2. Permohonan berganda
- Dua atau lebih reka bentuk yang berkaitan dengan kelas yang sama
atau set barang
3. Permohonan yang berkaitan (Association)
- Reka bentuk berdaftar yang sama digunakan ke atas barangan lain
- Reka bentuk berdaftar yang sama dengan pengubahsuaian
digunakan
ke atas barangan yang sama atau barangan lain tetapi tidak layak
menuntut kebaharuan
- Pemilikan kepada pemilik yang sama
4. Permohonan terbahagi (Divisional)
- Satu atau lebih reka bentuk dikecualikan apabila memfailkan
permohonan awal
• Permohonan baru
• Fi permohonan
• Permohonan berganda (1st)
(reka bentuk seterusnya)
Borang RBP1
RM 500 (480)
RM 500 (480)
RM 500 (480)
• Satu set representasi barangan
- RM200 / sudut pandangan
Pernyataan yang berhubung dengan
representasi sesuatu barang yang
padanya reka bentuk perindustrian itu
digunakan yang menunjukkan ciri-ciri
representasi itu yang berkenaan
dengannya kebaharuan dituntut.
• Dalam tempoh 6 bulan sebelum tarikh pemfailan ;
a) ia dipamerkan dalam pameran rasmi atau pameran
yang diiktiraf; atau
b) ia telah dizahirkan oleh seseorang selain daripada
pemohon bagi reka bentuk yang sama terhadap
barangan-barangan lain.
Pemilik reka bentuk berdaftar membuat permohonan
untuk mendaftarkan reka bentuk yang sama pada
barang yang berlainan
REKABENTUK SUSUN ATUR LITAR BERSEPADU
Susun atur tiga dimensi unsur-unsur sesuatu litar
bersepadu yang dimaksudkan untuk dikilangkan
10 tahun dari tarikh mula ia dieksploitasi secara
komersial 15 tahun dari tarikh ianya dicipta sekiranya
tidak dieksploitasi secara komersial
*Perlindungan secara automatik
31
REKABENTUK SUSUN ATUR LITAR BERSEPADU
32
PATEN
“Hak eksklusif yang diberikan terhadap rekacipta
samada produk atau proses untuk menghasilkan cara
baru bagi membuat sesuatu ataupun untuk
penyelesaian teknikal terhadap sesuatu masalah”
33
KRITERIA UNTUK MENDAPATKAN PATEN
Baru
- Ada langkah merekacipta
- Dapat digunakan pada bidang
industriindustri
-
PERKARA YANG TIDAK BOLEH DIPATENKAN (Sek. 13(a))
a) penemuan, teori saintifik dan kaedah matematik;
Tidak boleh
dipatenkan
Penang, Malaysia (Nov 14, 2006 17:35 EST)
A Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) scientist has discovered a 10mm fish at maturity,
believed to be the second smallest fish in the world, in a peat swamp in Perak. The
unidentified new species was discovered by USM’s School of Biology lecturer Assc.
Prof Dr Khoo Khay Huat. The fish was unofficially called “Perak fish”.
35
E= mc
2
a
b
r
πr
Ukurlilit
2 πr
c
2
Keluasan
2
2
c = a + b
36
PERKARA YANG TIDAK BOLEH DI PATENKAN (Sek. 13(a))
b) Kepelbagaian tumbuhan atau binatang serta proses biologi bagi
penghasilan tumbuhan atau binatang kecuali mikro organisma
buatan manusia serta proses penghasilannya
37
c)
skima, peraturan atau kaedah menjalankan
perniagaan atau permainan;
38
39
d) Kaedah merawat manusia atau binatang
melalui pembedahan atau rawatan
40
LOCAL ACHIEVEMENT
USM
- Telah berjaya mengkomersialkan 83 produk
Contoh:
HA
- Typhidot (1994)
- Typhidot M (1996)
- Bancroftian Filiriasis (2005)
Telah berjaya memasarkan produk mereka di luar
negara (25 negara) dan telah mendapat pulangan
sebanyak RM 45.5 M (2009)
(sumber: website USM)
41
• CONTROVERSIAL PATENTS
CASE 1
USE OF TUMERIC POWDER IN WOUND HEALING
HA of Mississippi Medical Centre )
(Assignee: Uni.
Claims:
A method of promoting healing of a wound, which consist
essentially of administering a wound healing agent consisting of an
effective amount of tumeric powder to said patient.
Patent revoked on 4 Feb. 1998
(request by Indian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research)
42
CASE 2
BASMATI RICE
HA
(Assignee: Ricetech,
Inc. Texas)
Initial claims ( US 5 663 484 on Sept. 2, 1997):
basmati rice plant (which when cultivated in North, South
or Central America or Carribean Islands), specific basmati line, seeds
from both rice plant and the new line
43
CASE
-cont’
new revisedHA
claims:
-specific to 3 new line of rice plant and seeds from the new
rice plant line
(US 5 663 484 C1 on Jan. 29, 2002):
-request by Govt. of India after 30 months
44
PROSEDUR PENDAFTARAN PATEN
PERMOHONAN
Permohonan diperiksa untuk menentukan tarikh pemfailan
PEMERIKSAAN PERMULAAN
Laporan formaliti
PEMERIKSAAN AWAM (public inspection)/18 bulan
PEMERIKSAAN SUBSTANTIF / SUBSTANTIF UBAHSUAI
Laporan carian dan pemeriksaan
FI – RM290
(PATEN) DAN
RM100 (UI)
GERAN ATAU PENOLAKAN
Warta kerajaan
TEMPOH PERLINDUNGAN
20 tahun
SPESIFIKASI PATEN
•Drawing
•Abstract
•Claim(s)
•List of drawings
•Detailed
description on the drawings
•Title
•Description
(perihalan)
1
Bicycle portable as a bag
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a portable bicycle, that is a two-wheeled, single-track, pedal-operated unit when
used, which can be folded up to the size of a handbag, to be carried easily or stored in a small place when out of
use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is increasingly a requirement of bicycles that they should be reliable, meet the requirements of traffic safety and
be able to be quickly set up and taken down. Furthermore, they should have small dimensions and small spatial
requirements so that they can be stored anywhere, thus for example in an apartment, possible under a piece of
furniture or a bed, in the hall, at a desk, beside or under a work-bench in the place of employment without causing
injuries to passers-by with their protruding parts, e.g. pedals etc. It should be possible to carry such a portable
bicycle by hand, folded-up, in a public vehicle without hindering or injuring anyone or causing an accident; the
bicycle must be light so that carrying it will not require great physcial effort; and placing the bicycle in operation
should not require special skill.
These requirements are not fully met with any of the bicycles produced so far, as regards their form, weight and
design.
The present exterior form and design of the bicycles go back nearly a century, utilizing a frame welded together of
thin-walled steel tubes, a fork, a rear wheel driven by pedals through a chain drive and a front freely-rotating
wheel which can be steered by a handlebar, a saddle, a brake and auxiliary units.
Depending on the shape of the frame these bicycles may be men's bicycles, where the saddle and the handlebar are
connected horizontaly with a tube, or lady's bicycles where no similar horizontal tube is used, or bicycles to be
folded up, for both men and women and which, after usage, in order to take up less room can generally be
dismantled at one point of the frame or folded up at a hinge by turning one wheel on top of the other. Among these
bicylces there are those which have been made lightweight for racing but have geometries and dimensions
corresponding to those of ordinary bicycles. A common characteristic of these bicycles is that they require much
room, they are heavy, storage is a problem, and they cannot be carried in the form of a bag
3
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention eliminates the above drawbacks and provides a bicycle with a shell structure which can be
folded up in a hinged form to the size and form of a handbag without disassembly of its frame and
structure and then, from the folded state of a portable bicycle having the form of a bag, constituting a
compact unit it can be converted to a two-wheeled, single-track, pedal-operated vehicle to be used safely.
Setup simple and quick and does not require special knowledge, without the need to hint for the key
position or connection of its parts and without assembling it from separate units, and without the risk that
its drive chain, cog belt, or other parts of the transmission might become loose, fall off or move into a
position unsuitable for operation, because these parts are included in the shell structure.
The elements of the portable bicycle of the invention can be pushed into one another and turned on hinges,
then fixed reliably, while the bicycle can be adjusted to the size of the cyclist. To meet the safety
requirements it is provided with a hydraulic brake operated by Bowden cable or rod control acting on the
rear and front wheel brakes as well as with auxiliary units, such as a headlamp, and a rear stoplight, the
latter constitutes, at the same time, the handle for the folded bicycle. The shaft of the driving pedal is
formed so that the pedal lever can be turned or sunk into the space formed for this purpose in the shellstructured frame, while the pedal itself can also be turned in. The saddle bar can be pushed into the frame
and the hinged lower part of the saddle can be fitted after loosening into the frame. Being turned off, the
rear wheel together with the chain sprocket, chain and its bracket-like holder can be turned into the rear
part of the frame together with the wheel-covering. The parts of the portable bicycle can be fixed in a
folded position so that they cannot get damaged or get caught while carrying.
4
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention will be described in detail by means of the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a side-view of the portable bicycle in its open state for use;
FIG. 2 is a similar side view of the portable bicycle with its front-wheel being tilted into the
frame space;
FIG. 3 is another side view of the portable bicycle, with its rear wheel being swivelled into the
rear part of the frame;
FIG. 4 is a further side view of the rear frame part showing how it is pivotally connected to the
front frame part;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the portable bicycle where the handlebar has been fitted into the front
frame part and the saddle bar is pushed into its holder;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the portable bicycle folded up in the form of a suitcase by turning the
saddle bracket into the front frame part;
FIG. 6a is a front view of the portable unit of FIG. 6;
FIG. 7 is an axial section illustrating the structural parts of the handlebar;
FIG. 8 is a cross section of the handlebar along the line A--A in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a front-view of the handlebar;
5
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
One of the main units of the portable bicycle is the elongated front frame part or first casing 1
formed as a hollow shell structure which is connected to the saddle support or third elongated
casing 2 which pivots thereon via a pin 4 and to a rear frame part or second elongated casing 3 by
another pivot pin 5 (FIG. 1). A journal for the steering post 8 on the casing 6 is formed by the
lower bearing 10 (FIG. 7) as well as the outer member 11 of the upper bearing 7 in the front of
the frame part 1, the bearings being secured by upper and lower retainer rings 12, 13. The lower
part of the steering post 8 is held in its adjusted position in the bearing 7 by the nut 14. The upper
part 9 of the steering post is provided with a hinged joint 15 which allows for folding of the
steering post 8, where its conical end 16 is clamped by the taper nut 17.
The handlebar 18 is on the upper part 9 of the steering post 8, and grips 19 and brake levers 20
are to be found on it (FIG. 9). The upper part 9 of the steering post is fixed to the central part of
the handlebar 18 by rotation of the lever 22 of the eccentric 21 (FIG. 10).
The conical pins 23 displaced by the pull rod 29, fitting into the bores 26 and 27, are used to
secure against turning off. The eccentric 21 also operates the tapernut joint 17 by pulling the rod
25 (FIGS. 7, 10).
In the lower-part of the steering post 8 a clamping band 29 operated by the pin 28 is arranged.
Here the mandrel 32 is pushed into the hole 33 against a spring 31 by the pull-fork 30 (FIG. 8).
The clamping band 29a forms a unit with the fork 34, in which the free-running front-wheel 35 is
mounted on the shaft 36 (FIG. 1).
The saddle bar 37, at the end of which there is a saddle 39 to be adjusted by a hinge 38, is
supported in a suitable clamp 60 by the saddle bracket (FIG. 5). The saddle bracket is held by
spring securing pin 40 (see the construction of spring securing pin 51 in FIG. 11) in its position
connected to the rear frame part 3. The driving shaft 42 with the crank 44 and the pedals 45 on its
two ends as well as the drive chain sprocket 43 are mounted and supported in bearings in the rear
frame part 3. In the rear frame part 3 the bracket 47 holding the rear wheel 48 can be swung
about the pivot in 50, and the arm-like extensions 47a of the bracket are connected and kept in
position by the snap spring securing bolt 51 (FIG. 11).
9
2. The portable bicycle defined in claim 1 wherein a spring loaded pin is provided to
releasably lock said third casing to said second casing in said erect position.
3. The portable bicycle defined in claim 2 wherein a spring loaded pin is provided to
releasably lock said rear wheel assembly to said second casing in said erect position.
4. The portable bicycle defined in claim 3 wherein the spring loaded pin comprises a pair
of reversely bent fingers engageable in said rear wheel assembly and releasable therefrom
upon depression of a pin carrying said fingers.
5. The portable bicycle defined in claim 1 wherein said first casing is provided with an
array of solar cells for generating electricity for a light.
6. The portable bicycle defined in claim 1 wherein said third casing has a stop light
formed as a handle enabling the portable bicycle to be carried in said folded condition.
SPECIFICATION
(drawing)
PERBAHARUAN UTILITI
Hak Ekslusif yang diberikan kepada rekacipta ‘minor’ ; tidak
perlu memenuhi syarat langkah-langkah merekacipta
(5+5 sekiranya pemohon dapat membukti bahawa rekacipta
mereka masih lagi releven)
(menggunakan Borang 14)
54
Contoh perbaharuan utiliti
Disposable Blood Sampling Device
55
IP DI MALAYSIA – (CAP DAGANGAN)
56
IP DI MALAYSIA – (CAP DAGANGAN)
NO
STATES
1994
1995 1996 1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
TOTAL
1
WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN
KUALA LUMPUR
1,971
2,389 2,563 3,456 1,498 1,788 2,655 2,278 2,766 2,962 3,660 3,527 3,613 3,616 4,184 3,897 3,874 3,809 4,052 4,011 3,231
65800
2
SELANGOR
1,835
1,927 2,012 2,640 1,253 1,657 2,051
68142
3
PULAU PINANG
639
801
916
1,004
386
436
432
2,900
693
750
828
766
886
1,101
880
936
4
JOHOR
596
568
714
638
290
378
364
421
562
486
702
832
859
900
1,105
991
5
PERAK
282
380
538
441
226
205
224
242
294
333
322
414
392
404
386
497
480
513
450
455
331
7809
6
SARAWAK
186
141
268
309
98
111
147
112
143
186
210
259
218
241
277
356
353
331
430
437
257
5070
7
KEDAH
106
213
206
196
78
111
120
141
188
200
280
257
270
286
273
310
371
310
344
403
309
4972
8
MELAKA
103
110
121
131
79
102
97
123
128
105
182
276
293
353
307
290
298
308
281
351
256
4294
9
SABAH
89
94
96
107
73
80
80
128
128
171
105
112
136
140
214
211
177
324
341
315
214
3335
10
PAHANG
50
56
42
54
17
17
12
36
37
52
69
54
70
138
113
116
110
149
158
200
221
1771
11
NEGERI SEMBILAN
49
60
47
70
50
56
53
43
77
98
65
180
135
114
142
163
237
229
284
176
147
2475
12
KELANTAN
24
43
26
28
28
18
11
35
38
41
44
43
64
118
84
72
101
143
99
142
89
1291
13
PERLIS
24
3
4
17
8
8
22
1
8
20
17
17
18
28
24
29
28
38
15
35
19
383
14
TERENGGANU
WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN
PUTRAJAYA
WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN
LABUAN
15
13
13
9
6
10
4
7
13
10
33
33
39
48
69
53
93
99
57
71
83
778
3
~
~
~
2
18
4
23
2
~
7
6
18
44
49
32
28
39
70
59
46
450
2
7
~
1
6
2
16
9
3
8
15
5
20
13
11
9
11
15
19
20
30
222
15
16
TOTAL
5,974
~
2,586 3,114 3,718 3,514 4,074 4,422 4,418 4,787 4,834 4,747 4,892 5,371 4,290
963
867
1,011
998
759
1,098 1,053 1,461 1,635 1,073
18952
16726
6,805 7,566 9,101 4,098 4,997 6,292 6,499 7,666 8,536 10,257 10,295 11,105 11,966 12,536 12,749 13,056 12,974 13,964 14,679 11,355 202470
57
IP DI MALAYSIA - GI
NEW APPLICATION FROM
SABAH
1.
2.
3.
4.
TUHAU TAMBUNAN
KAYU MANIS
KENINGAU
SABAH BATIK
KELARAI TENOM
58
IP DI SABAH
59
IP DI SABAH
COMMUNITY BASED IP
AWARENESS
OBJEKTIF
OUTPUT/ OUTCOME
• REGISTRATION OF SERVICE MARKS/TRADEMARKS
• GI REGISTRATION FOR HANDICRAFTS PRODUCTS
• COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION
• IDESIGN REGISTRATION
• DATA ON TKDL/TCE
• TO INCREASE
REGISTRATION OF IP
• TO INCREASE AND
DISSEMINATE INFOS ON
USEFULNESS OF IP
PROTECTION (WIDER
COVERAGE TO SPECIFIC
TARGETED GROUP)
• STRENGTHENED COLLABORATION WITH STATE AGENCIES
• INCREASE AWARENESS PROGRAMS
•TO INCREASE IP AGENTS
60
IP DI SABAH
2 IP
5 IP
AGENTS IN
SANDAKAN
DIV
AGENTS IN
WEST
COAST
3 IP
AGENTS IN
TAWAU
DIV
61
• LINDUNGI INOVASI/REKA CIPTA
• DAFTAR HARTA INTELEK
1.Glass (3500 BC)
2.Abacus (2700 BC)
3.Windmills (200 BC)
4.Paper (105 AD – Europe 10th century – Germany
1400)
5.Printing Press (1450)
6.Steam Powered Vehicle (1672)
7.Mechanical Vehicle (1769)
8.Camera Photography (1820)
9.Telegraph (1837)
10.Modern Public Library (1850-1945 depending on
country)
11.Vacuum Cleaner (1860)
12.Telephone (1876)
13.Modern Automobile (1878)
14.Solar Cell (1883)
15.Wind Turbine (1887)
16.Commercial Radio (1920)
17.Electronic Television (1926)
18.Disposable baby diapers (1930's)
19.Commercial Television (1936 UK, 1948 US)
20.Computer printer (1938)
21.Microwave oven (1940's)
22.Video Games (1947)
23.Video Tape Recorder (1951)
24.Laser (1957)
25.Electronic calculator (1961)
26.Spreadsheet software (1962)
27.Personal and laptop computers (1965)
28.Microprocessor chips (1968)
29.Word processing software (Late 1960's)
30.Mobile phones (1973)
31.Global Positioning Systems (1973)
32.Digital cameras (1975)
33.World Wide Web / Internet (1989)
34.Email (1993)
35.Social networking (1994)
36.Google search (1997)
37.WiFi (1999 but hte technology originates from approx
1985)
38.Wikipedia (2001)
39.iPod and iTunes (2001)
40.Facebook (2004)
41.YouTube (2005)
42.Twitter (2006)
62
ONE PRODUCT, MULTIPLE IP
63
http://www.myipo.gov.my
Tingkat 6, Blok C
Bangunan KWSP
49 Jalan Karamunsing
Kota Kinabalu
Tel : 088-233571
Faks 088-257046
64
yusnieza@myipo.gov.my
www.myipo.gov.my
65

Nota 2 - Kerajaan Negeri Sabah

Transcription

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