100 DPI

604500
605000
80°3'40"W
605500
80°3'20"W
606000
80°3'0"W
606500
80°2'40"W
607000
607500
80°2'20"W
608000
80°2'0"W
80°1'40"W
GLIDE number: EQ-2016-000035-ECU
Activation ID: EMSR159
Product N.: 04P EDERNALES , v1, English
Pedernales - ECUADOR
Reference Map
9500
9500
Earthquake - Pre-event situation
!
(
(
!
(
!
i mi e
s
(!
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
0°5'0"N
(
!
0°4'40"N
8500
8000
0°4'20"N
/
(
!
9
! !
(
(
(
!
0°4'0"N
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
!!
(
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
!!
!(
(
(
( (
!
( !
!
(
!
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!!
(
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
( !
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(!
(!
!
(
(!
(
!
(
!!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( (
!
(!
!!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
(!
!
( (
!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
cia
G ar
(!
!
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
e no
M or
(
!
(
!
(
!
0
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
!!
(
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
( !
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
! !
(
(!
! !
(
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
!(
(
( !
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
((
(
!
(
(
( !
!
( !
!!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
! !
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
( !
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
( !
( !
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
( !
!
(!
(
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
(
!
( !
!
( !
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
!!
( (
( !
( (
!
(
( !
!
(
(
((
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
!!
(
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!!
(
(!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!!
(
(
!
!
(
(!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
! !
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!!
(
(!
!
( (
(!
( !
(
(!
( !
( !
(!
!
(
(!
(!
( !
(!
!
(
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(!
!
((
!
(
! !
((
!!
(
!!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
! (
(
! !
(
((
!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
! !
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
! !
(
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
!!
(
(
(
!
!
(
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!!
(
(
( !
!
(
!
Isla Del
Medio
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(!
(
((!
(
(!
(!
(!
!
( !
!
(!
(!
( !
(
(( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
(!
!
Stadium
(
!!
(
River
Lake
Trans portation
Primary Road
Institutional
!
Populated Place
(
!
Residential
(
!
Agriculture
(
!
Educational
(
!
Industrial
(
!
Institutional
(
!
Recreational
(
!
Transportation
Secondary Road
Local Road
Physiography
Features available in vector data
No. of inhabitants
Residential
No.
Educational
No.
Agriculture
Institutional
Recreational
!
(
((!
(!
!
(
(!
(!
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
( !
!
(
!
Coastline
Industrial
Transportation
Transportation
Primary roads
(
!
No.
No.
No.
2127
4453
9
14
82
7
No.
33
km
7.4
km
72.9
No.
Secondary roads km
Local roads
2
2.9
Map Information
On 16 April 2016, 23:58 UTC a powerful earthquake (7.8 M) struck the coast of Ecuador. The
epicentre was located in Pedernales, in Esmeraldas province. The National Authorities
declared state of emergency for the whole country. Special attention was given to 6
provinces: Esmeraldas, Manabi, Santa Elena, Guayas, Santo Domingo, and Los Rios. The
quake caused casualties and serious damage to buildings and infrastructure.
7000
The present map shows basic topographic features derived from public datasets, refined by
means of visual interpretation of pre-event imagery.
Event
Activation
Relevant date records
16/04/2016
17/04/2016
Situation as of
Map production
Pre-event image: Pleiades-1B © CNES (2016), distributed by Airbus DS (acquired on
17/09/2015 15:52 UTC, GSD 0.5 m, approx. 0% cloud coverage), provided under
COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA.
Population data: Landscan 2010 © UT BATTELLE, LLC
Digital Elevation Model: SRTM 30m (NASA/USGS)
s
co
r
a
Disclaimer
6500
M
Base vector layers: OpenStreetMap © OpenStreetMap contributors, Wikimapia.org,
GeoNames 2015, refined by the producer.
Inset maps: Inset maps: JRC 2013, Natural Earth 2012, GeoNames 2013.
Products elaborated in this Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping activity are realized to the best
of our ability, within a very short time frame, optimising the available data and information. All
geographic information has limitations due to scale, resolution, date and interpretation of the
original sources. No liability concerning the contents or the use thereof is assumed by the
producer and by the European Union.
Map produced by e-GEOS released by e-GEOS (ODO).
For the latest version of this map and related products visit
http://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-components/EMSR159
604500
605000
80°3'20"W
605500
80°3'0"W
606000
80°2'40"W
606500
80°2'20"W
607000
607500
80°2'0"W
608000
80°1'40"W
0°3'20"N
0°3'20"N
ems-rapid-mapping@jrc.ec.europa.eu
© European Union
80°3'40"W
N/A
18/04/2016
Data Sources
0°3'40"N
7000
0°3'40"N
/
9
Settlements
6500
(
!
(!
!
(
( (
!
!
F
Cemetery
Estimated population
Pedernales
o
Ri
(
( !
!
Ge neral Information Hydrology
E x pos ure wit hin t he A OI
Unit of measurement Total in AOI
Manabi
(
!
Legend
(
!
(
!
(!
(
(!
!
( !
!
!
(
((
!
(
!
(!
(!
(
(
(!
!
( !
(!
( !
(
!
(
!
( (
!
(!
(!
!
(
(!
!
(!
(!
(!
(
(!
!
(
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
((
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
(!
!
( !
( !
(!
(!
(( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
( !
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
( !
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
((
( !
!
(!
(!
(
(!
!
(
!
( !
(!
!
(
(!
!
(
±
0,5
km
Grid: W GS 1984 UTM Zone 17N map coordinate system
Tick marks: WGS 84 geographical coordinate system
Settlem ents
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
0,25
Point of Interest
(
!
(
!
0,125
Area of Interest
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
( (
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!!
(
!
(
Full color ISO A1, low resolution (100 dpi)
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
((
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
(
(!
(!
(!
(!
(!
!
(!
(!
(!
!
( (
!
( (
!
! !
(
!
(
(
!
!
( (
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
1:6500
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
!
(
( !
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!!
(
(
(
!
(
!
((
!
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!!
((
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
! !
(
(
( !
!
(
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
(!
!
( !
!
(
(!
( !
!
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
!!
(
(
!!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
! !
(
( !
(
(
!
!!
(
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
! (
(
!
! !
(
(
!!
(
( (
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( (
!
!
(!
!
(
(!
!
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
Cartographic Information
( (
! !
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
! !
(
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!!
(
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
km
(
!
!!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
! !
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!!
(
! !
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
3
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
(!
!
(
!
Manabí
(
!
!
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( (
!
!
!
((
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
!!
(
(
(
!
ez
Lop illo
st
Ca
7500
Pedernales
SOUTH PACIFIC
OCEAN
(
!
(
!
F
(
!
!
(
!
(
( !
!
((
!
(
!
(
!
^
Ecuador
Peru
North
Pacific
Ocean
(
!
Colombia
(
!
Ecuador
(
!
Quito
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
( 04
!
Pedernales
9000
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
!
((
!
(
!
((
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
( !
(
!!
(
( !
(
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
( !
!
(
!
(!
( !
(!
(
( (
!
( !
!
(
(!
( !
!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
( !
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( (
!
(
( !
!
( !
!
(( !
!
(
(
!
(
(!
!
( !
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
( !
!
( !
(
!
(
(
(!
!
(!
(
(!
(!
!
(!
(
(!
!
(!
!
( !
(!
( !
(!
(
!
(!
!
(
( !
(!
(!
!
(
(
!
(( !
(
!
(
(!
!
(!
( !
(!
(!
(
!
( !
(!
( !
(
( !
!
(!
!
(
( !
( !
(
(!
!
( (!
(
!
( !
(
(!
( !
(
!
(!
( !
( !
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
(
!
( !
(!
(!
(!
!
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
( !
(
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
( !
!
(!
( !
!
( !
(
( !
(
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
( (!
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
( !
(!
!
( !
(
(!
!
(!
!
(!
(!
(
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
(!
(
(
!
(!
(!
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
(!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
( !
( !
(
!
(
!
( !
(
(
( (
!
(!
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
!
( !
!
( !
( !
(
( !
!
(
!
( !
(!
!
(
(!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(!
(
(!
(!
!
(!
(!
( !
(
!
( !
(!
!
(
(!
( !
(
!
(!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
(!
( !
(!
(
(!
(!
(
!
(
(!
!
(!
( !
(!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(!
!
( !
!
( (!
!
(!
( !
!
(!
(
!
( !
( !
(!
(!
!
( !
(!
(
(
(!
!
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
(
!
(
(!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
( !
(
(
(
!
(!
!
(
( !
!
( !
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
( !
!
( !
(!
( !
!
(
(!
!
(!
( (
( !
!
( !
(
( !
!
( (
!
(
!
( (
!
((
!
( !
!
(
( !
(
!
( !
(!
(!
!
(!
(
!
( !
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
(!
( !
( !
( !
!
(!
( !
!
(!
!
( !
!
(!
( !
(!
(
!
(
(!
( !
(
!
( !
!
( !
(!
(!
(
(!
!
(
(!
(!
(
( !
(
!
(
(!
(
!
(!
(!
( !
( !
!
( !
(!
( !
(!
(!
( !
!
( !
(!
( !
(!
(!
!
(!
(!
(
(
!
(
(!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
( !
( ( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
(!
( !
(!
!
(
(!
(
(!
( !
!
(
(!
( !
!
(
( (!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
(
((
!
( !
(
!
(
( !
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
(
( !
(
!
( !
(!
!
(
(!
( !
(
!
(
!
( !
(
( !
!
(!
!
(!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
(!
(
(!
!
( !
( !
(
!
( !
( !
( !
!
( !
( !
( !
!
( !
!
(
( !
((
(
(!
!
( (!
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
( !
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
( !
!
(
(
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(( !
!
(!
( !
!
(!
(
( !
!
( !
(!
(
(
!
( !
( !
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
(
!
(
(
(!
!
(!
!
( !
!
( !
(
(
( !
!
(
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
(
(!
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
( !
!
( !
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(
(!
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
((!
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
(!
(
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
(!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
(( !
( !
(
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
(
!
( !
(!
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
( !
!
( (
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
(!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(!
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
( !
(
(
!
(
(!
( !
!
( (!
!
(!
( !
(
!
(
(
(!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
( !
!
(!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
( !
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
(
( !
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
( !
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(( !
!
(!
!
( !
(!
(
!
((
!
(
( !
!
(
(( !
!
(
!
(
( !
(
( !
!
(!
( !
(!
(!
( !
!
(!
( !
( !
( !
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(!
( !
(!
( !
!
( !
(
( !
(!
!
(!
( !
( !
!
(
(!
(
( !
!
(!
!
(
(!
!
( !
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
( !
!
( !
((
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
( !
( !
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(!
(
(!
(
(
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(!
(
!
(
(!
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
( !
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( ( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(!
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
(
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
( !
(!
(!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
(!
!
( !
( !
(
!
(
!
((
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
( !
( !
(
(!
( !
( !
(
(!
!
( !
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(!
(!
!
(!
!
( !
( !
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
(
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
(!
( !
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(( !
(!
(!
( !
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(!
!
( !
!
(
(!
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(!
(
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
(
(!
(!
!
(
!
( !
(
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
((
!
(!
(
(!
!
(!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
( !
(
( !
(
( (
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
(
!
(
!
(!
( !
!
(!
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
(!
!
(
(
(
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
( !
(
(!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(!
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
( (
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
( !
!
(
!
(
( !
(!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
(!
!
( !
!
(
(!
!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
s ta
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(
o
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
c
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
A
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
( !
!
(
(
!
(
(!
(!
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
za
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
(!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
Pla
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
.
(
(
!
(
!
v
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
( A
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
((
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
( !
!
(!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
( !
( !
!
(
!
(!
(
(
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
( !
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
( !
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
( !
!
( !
(
!
( !
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
( !
!
(!
(
(
!
(
( !
( !
!
(
(( !
!
(!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(( !
(!
!
(
(!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
( !
(!
!
( !
(
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
((
(!
(!
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
( !
!
(
!
( !
(
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
( !
(
!
(
( !
!
( !
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
(!
( !
(
!
(
(!
( !
( !
!
(
!
(
(!
(
(
!
(
(
(!
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
(
(!
!
( !
(( !
!
( !
(
!
(
(!
(
(
!
( !
(
!
(!
!
(!
(!
(!
!
( !
(
(
(!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(!
(!
(
!
(!
!
(!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
( !
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
( !
!
( !
!
( !
!
(!
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
(
!
(!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
( !
(
!
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(
(!
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
(
!
(!
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
( !
(
(!
!
(
( !
!
( !
(
( !
(
!
( !
(
(
(!
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(!
(!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(!
( !
( !
( !
!
(!
(
!
(!
(
!
(!
(
!
(!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
((
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
( !
!
( !
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
( !
( !
!
(!
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(!
(
( !
(
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
(
( !
!
(!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
(
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
(
!
(
(!
!
(
( !
!
( !
!
(
((
(
!
( !
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
(!
(
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
( (
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(( !
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
( !
!
(
(
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
( !
!
(
!
(!
!
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
( !
!
(
(
!
( !
!
( !
(
!
(
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
( ( !
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(!
(
( (
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
( !
( !
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(( !
!
(
( !
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
(!
!
(!
(!
( !
(
!
( !
!
(
(!
(!
(!
(
(
!
( !
(!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
(
( !
(!
( !
!
(!
(!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
(
!
( !
!
(!
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
((
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(!
!
(
( !
(
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
((
!
(
( !
(
!
(
( !
(!
( !
!
(
!
(!
(
( !
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
(
((!
!
( !
( !
!
(!
!
(!
(!
(
(!
( !
!
(
(
(
!
(!
!
(!
(!
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(( !
!
(
!
(!
(!
!
(!
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
(!
(!
(!
(!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
( !
!
(
!
( !
!
(!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
(
( !
!
(!
!
((
( !
(!
!
(!
!
(!
!
( !
((
(
(!
!
(!
(!
!
( !
!
(
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
( !
(!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
(!
(
(
!
(
(
!
(!
(
!
(
(
!
(!
(
(
(!
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
( !
!
( !
(
(
(!
(!
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
( !
(
!
(
!
(( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( (!
(
(
!
( !
!
(!
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(
!
(!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
(!
(
!
( !
(
!
( !
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
( !
(
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(!
(!
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
(!
!
(
!
(
!!
(
( !
! !
(
!
( (
(
!
(!
!
(
9000
(
!
(
!
!!
(
( !
(
(
!
!
(
0°4'40"N
!
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
SOUTH
PAC IFIC
OC EAN
(
!
8500
Ve la s
co
Ib a rra
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(
!
8000
0°5'0"N
(
! !
(
(
!
(
!
(
!
NORTH
PACIFIC
OCEAN
(
!
(!
!
(
! !
(
((
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
!
(
(!
!
(
(!
!
(
0°4'20"N
!
(
(
!
NORTH
PACIFIC
OCEAN
7500
!!
(
(
(
!
0°4'0"N
(
!
(
!
(
!
Via
a
Coj
(
!