Document 6507302

“The Brazil-US Biofuels Agreement:
How to Move Forward”
• Ethanol Summit
• 2009
• Helena Chum
• Research Fellow
June 3, 2009
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
Multilateral Energy Cooperation U.S./Brazil
U.S. – Brazil MOU to Advance
Cooperation on Biofuels
• Bilateral (DOE Lead, USDA)
– Advancement of R&D of next generation biofuels technology
• Multiple bilateral government visits – 2007 to present
• Technical bilateral delegation visits – 2007 & 2008
• Specific collaboration identification – 2008 to present
• Biofuels joint sustainability research – 2007 to present
• Third Countries (DOS Lead, OAS/USTDA, UN Foundation,
IDB)
• Global (DOC/NIST and DOS Lead)
Brazilian Delegation at NREL
September 12, 2007
Back Row (L to R): Tom Foust*, Ron Benioff*, Helio Garbado Filho (Dedini), Luiz Joaquim Carvalho (Agriculture, Embrapa), Ricardo de
Gusmao Dornelles (Ministry of Mines and Energy), Jaime Finguerut (CTC, Sugar cane and alcohol research center of São Paulo producers),
Adriano Duarte Filho (MCT, Ministry of Science and Technology), Mauro Silva (Petrobras), Jonas Nolasco Jr. (Dedini, major plant manufacturer
of the sugar cane and alcohol industry among others), Frederique Rosa e Abreu (Ministry of Agriculture, MAPA), John Ashworth*, Jim
McMillan*, Jason Coughlin*.
Front Row (L to R): Susan Hock*, Cindy Riley*, Wanderley de Souza (INMETRO, Brazilian standards organization), Helena Chum*, Ricardo
Castello Branco (Petrobras), Elba Pinto da Silva Bon (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ), Alberto de Oliveira Fontes Jr (Petrobras),
Ademar Ushima (IPT), Amy Chiang (DOE, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy), Eduardo Caldas (Ministry of APEX), Jorge
Almeida Guimaraes (CAPES), Paulo Soares (Dedini)
* NREL
Advance R&D of Next Generation Biofuels
Technologies
• Joint R&D areas identified by delegations
1. Advanced Biofuels Production – bio and thermal (DOE and USDA)
2. Systems Integration and Modeling – includes technoeconomic, LCA (DOE)
3. Biomass Production (USDA)
• Research Cooperation Agreement
– Petrobras and NREL signed October 2008; ongoing implementation
DOE, NREL, ORNL, USDA-ARS, &
Brazilian Hosts at Dedini Pilot Plant
Whole cane harvester
Usina da Pedra, Ribeirao Preto
4
Bilateral Sustainability Project
• Part 1. Harmonization of GHG Measurements
– Brazil sugarcane ethanol and bagasse power/ethanol
– U.S. corn ethanol and future improvements
– Comparison between the two countries
• Part 2. Other Factors
– Land Use Change
– Metrics and Pilot Studies
Bilateral Project Follows the Biomass
Supply Chain on a Full Life Cycle Basis
Brazil – MCT, CGEE, UNICAMP, ICONE, CBTE,USP (Piracicaba, Ribeirao Preto)
US – DOE: NREL, ANL & ORNL, Univ. of Minnesota
Export
Meta analysis of existing data; GHG, air quality, water, land use,
land use change, …from literature. What are the gaps in our knowledge?
UNICA Collaboration on Land Use Change
Brazil Sugarcane Ethanol Energy Balance and
GHG Emissions
August 2007-May 2009
1. Mutual Industry Benchmarking (44 mills Center South)
1. Compare GHG data with ANL’s GREET – 1/2008
PhD at UNICAMP
Post Doc
at NREL
Joaquim Seabra
2. Scenarios for Industry Expansion to 2020
1. Electricity trash recovery (40%) & surplus power
production with integrated commercial steam based cycle
2. Ethanol trash recovery and surplus biomass to produce
ethanol from biochemical conversion in a projected
system, integrated with the ethanol plant
3. Ethanol production using NREL Aspen Models for biochem
and thermochem cellulosic ethanol processes colocated in
one mill. Standalone or purchase of bagasse from one or
two nearby mills cases investigated (11/08-5/09)
Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Associated with Different Feeds/Processes
19%
28%
1.3
% Reductions from Gasoline
Energy Ratio
Sugarcane
Ethanol
Bagasse
2006 Brazil
Projected
52%
Projected
Projected
67 %
70%
Projected
86%
5
12
Gasoline
Petroleum
U.S. Corn Ethanol
Current
Average
U.S.
U.S. Corn Stover
Ethanol
Natural Biomass
Stover
Gas
for Process
CHP &
2006
Heat
Improvements
No indirect land use change considered
2020 scenario
78%
9
12
Projected 120%
Sugarcane & trash
Ethanol &Electricity
Brazil
2020 scenario
Sources: Wang et al, Environ. Research Letters, May 2007; Wang et al, Life-Cycle Energy Use and GHG Implications of Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol Simulated with GREET
Model, 12/07 from data of Seabra, Macedo, Silva Biomass and Bioenergy (2008), doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.12.006; NREL Sheehan et al. Journal of Industrial
Ecology.(2003) Vol. 7(3-4), 2003; pp. 117-146; Tilman,Hill,Lehman, Science 314, 1598 (2006). Plevin and Mueller, Env. Res. Lett. 3, 2008, doi:10.1088/17489326/2/024003; , (S&T)2 Consultants Inc. (2009) An Examination of the Potential for Improving Carbon/Energy Balance of Bioethanol. IEA Bioenergy Task 39. T39TR1, 72 pp; http://www.task39.org/; De Kam, Tiffany, Morey, www.biomassCHPethanol.umn.edu.
Sustainability Project Part 2
• Evaluate Direct and Indirect Land Use Changes
– Three major economic models deal with land use change in the US:
GTAP = Global Trade Analysis Project
FASOM = Forest and Agricultural Sector Optimization Model
FAPRI = Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute/CARD
FAPRI Brazil module was developed by Brazil’s ICONE
– Collaboration with FASOM to produce a FASOM Brazil module
by ICONE
• Brazilian Collaborators Participate in DOE Activities
– Contributions of ICONE and UNICA to the DOE Biomass Program
Conference BIOMASS 2009: FUELING OUR FUTURE, March 17-18,
2009, National Harbor, MD
– Contribution to DOE/ORNL Bioenergy and Land Use Change
in Vonore, TN, May 2009
http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lcfs.htm, http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2009/lcfs09/lcfsisor1.pdf
Brazilian scientists suggest indirect CI of
25 instead of 46 g CO2e/MJ based on
GTAP model recalculation with ICONE’s
current land use data and elasticity
assumptions.
80% NG
Feb 09
20% BM
California Low Carbon Fuel Standards
10
Brazil
Lower
Bound
Sugarcane
Ethanol
Brazil
Proposed
Value
Brazil
ARB
Value
US
US
US
California Low Carbon Fuel Standards
Feb 09
http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lcfs.htm, http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2009/lcfs09/lcfsisor1.pdf
11
Sustainability Project Part 2.
• Jointly develop sustainability measures and
metrics
– Bilateral project meeting in June, Brazil to
discuss status of project and write-up results
– DOE, NREL, ORNL, and ANL in Brazil to define
detailed scope of future years projects (September)
• Future work - pilot studies
– Integrated biorefineries in Brazil and US
Acknowledgments
U.S. Government – Department of Energy’s Office of the Biomass Program,
Valerie Sarisky-Reed, Alison GossEng, Zia Haq, Paul Grabowski, Jacques Beaudry-Losique,
Valri Lightner. http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass
U.S. Department of State
NREL: Andy Aden, Abhijit Dutta, David Hsu, Dave Humbird, Ryan Davis, Danny Inman,
Garvin Heath, Maggie Mann, Tom Foust, Rich Bain, Jim McMillan, Bob Baldwin, Ron Benioff
ANL: Michael Wang, May Wu; ORNL: Keith Kline
University of Minnesota, St Paul, Jason Hill, Doug Tiffany, Vance Morey
Brazilian Government: MRE, Andre do Lago
Ministry of Science and Technology, Adriano Duarte Filho
CGEE, Marcelo Poppe
Brazilian Researchers:
UNICAMP: Isaias de Carvalho Macedo, Joaquim Seabra, Luiz Cortez
CTBE: Marco Aurelio Lima, Arnaldo Walter
ICONE: Andre Nassar. Leila Harfurch
Visit us online at www.nrel.gov
USP:
Weber
do Amaral,
National
Renewable
Energy Angelo Gurgel
UNICA:
Joel Velasco
Helena.Chum@nrel.gov
Laboratory
Innovation
for
Energy
Operated
forOur
the U.S.
Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy
Future
.